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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Founding the dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_the_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komnenoi_as_emperors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komnenoi_as_emperors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Komnenoi as emperors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komnenoi_as_emperors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komnenian_ancestry_in_Western_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komnenian_ancestry_in_Western_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Komnenian ancestry in Western Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komnenian_ancestry_in_Western_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Komnenos</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnenen" title="Komnenen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Komnenen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="كومنينيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كومنينيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_d%27os_Comnenos" title="Dinastía d'os Comnenos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dinastía d'os Comnenos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komninl%C9%99r_s%C3%BClal%C9%99si" title="Komninlər sülaləsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Komninlər sülaləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Камніны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камніны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Камніны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Камніны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Комнини – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Комнини" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnen" title="Komnen – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Komnen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comnens" title="Comnens – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comnens" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnenovci" title="Komnenovci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Komnenovci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnenen" title="Komnenen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Komnenen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnenos" title="Komnenos – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Δυναστεία των Κομνηνών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυναστεία των Κομνηνών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_de_los_Comnenos" title="Dinastía de los Comnenos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía de los Comnenos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnena_dinastio" title="Komnena dinastio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komnena dinastio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D9%86" title="خاندان کمنن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاندان کمنن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Maison Comnène – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maison Comnène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Ducas-Comneno" title="Dinastía Ducas-Comneno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dinastía Ducas-Comneno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%A4%EB%8B%88%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0_%EC%B9%98%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98_%EB%8F%99%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="콤니노스 왕조 치하의 동로마 제국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콤니노스 왕조 치하의 동로마 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կոմնենոսների հարստություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոմնենոսների հարստություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komneni" title="Komneni – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Komneni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnenos" title="Komnenos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comneni" title="Comneni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Comneni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1" title="קומננוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קומננוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კომნენოსები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კომნენოსები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnin%C5%B3_dinastija" title="Komninų dinastija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Komninų dinastija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komn%C3%A9nosz-h%C3%A1z" title="Komnénosz-ház – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Komnénosz-ház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Комнини – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Комнини" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnenos" title="Komnenos – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnenen" title="Komnenen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Komnenen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8D%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B9%E5%AE%B6" title="コムネノス家 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コムネノス家" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huset_Komnenos" title="Huset Komnenos – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Huset Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komninlar" title="Komninlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Komninlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnenowie" title="Komnenowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komnenowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_comnena" title="Dinastia comnena – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinastia comnena" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Comnenilor" title="Dinastia Comnenilor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dinastia Comnenilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Комнины – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Комнины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komn%C3%A9novci" title="Komnénovci – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Komnénovci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komneni" title="Komneni – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Komneni" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Комнини – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Комнини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastija_Komnina" title="Dinastija Komnina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dinastija Komnina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnenos" title="Komnenos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnenos" title="Komnenos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Komnenos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komninos_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Komninos Hanedanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Komninos Hanedanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Комніни – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Комніни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کومنینوس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کومنینوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Noble family</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Komnenos<br /><div style="display:inline;" class="nickname">Κομνηνός</div><br /><div class="nickname" style="display:inline;font-size:78%">Komnenian dynasty</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">10th century<br />1057 (as imperial family)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Erotikos_Komnenos" title="Manuel Erotikos Komnenos">Manuel Erotikos Komnenos</a><br />(first known; possibly founder)<br /><a href="/wiki/Isaac_I_Komnenos" title="Isaac I Komnenos">Isaac I Komnenos</a><br />(first emperor)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final ruler</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_I_Komnenos" title="Andronikos I Komnenos">Andronikos I Komnenos</a><br />(Byzantine Empire)<br /><a href="/wiki/David_of_Trebizond" title="David of Trebizond">David Megas Komnenos</a><br />(Empire of Trebizond)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final head</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Komnenos_Molyvdos" title="John Komnenos Molyvdos">John Komnenos Molyvdos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Titles</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Trebizond" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of Trebizond">Emperor of Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Jerusalem">Queen of Jerusalem</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Antioch" title="Princess of Antioch">Princess of Antioch</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchess_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchess of Athens">Duchess of Athens</a>*</li></ul> <dl><dd>* by marriage</dd></dl> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolution</th><td class="infobox-data">1719<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deposition</th><td class="infobox-data">1185 (Byzantine Empire)<br />1461 (Empire of Trebizond)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>House of Komnenos</b> (<small><a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">pl.</a></small> <b>Komnenoi</b>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κομνηνός</span></span>, <small>pl.</small> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κομνηνοί</span></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[komniˈni]</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/Latinization_of_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinization of names">Latinized</a> as <b>Comnenus</b> (<small>pl.</small> <b>Comneni</b>), was a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greeks" title="Byzantine Greeks">Byzantine Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_bureaucracy_and_aristocracy" title="Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy">noble</a> family who ruled the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> in the 11th and 12th centuries. The first reigning member, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_I_Komnenos" title="Isaac I Komnenos">Isaac I Komnenos</a>, ruled from 1057 to 1059. The family returned to power under <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a> in 1081 who established <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Komnenos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty">their rule</a> for the following 104 years until it ended with <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_I_Komnenos" title="Andronikos I Komnenos">Andronikos I Komnenos</a> in 1185. In the 13th century, they founded the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a>, a Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Rump_state" title="Rump state">rump state</a> which they ruled from 1204 to 1461.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, they were commonly referred to as <b>Grand Komnenoi</b> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Μεγαλοκομνηνοί</span></span>, <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Megalokomnenoi</i></span>), a style that was officially adopted and used by <a href="/wiki/George,_Emperor_of_Trebizond" title="George, Emperor of Trebizond">George Komnenos</a> and his successors. Through intermarriages with other noble families, notably the <a href="/wiki/Doukas" title="Doukas">Doukas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angelos" title="Angelos">Angelos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palaiologos" title="Palaiologos">Palaiologos</a>, the Komnenos name appears among most of the major noble houses of the late Byzantine world. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komnenos&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 11th-century Byzantine historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_Psellos" title="Michael Psellos">Michael Psellos</a> reported that the Komnenos family originated from the village of Komne in <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>—usually identified with the "Fields of Komnene" (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κομνηνῆς λειμῶνας</span></span>) mentioned in the 14th century by <a href="/wiki/John_Kantakouzenos" class="mw-redirect" title="John Kantakouzenos">John Kantakouzenos</a>—a view commonly accepted by modern scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Komnenos"_(A._Kazhdan),_pp._1143–1144_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Komnenos"_(A._Kazhdan),_pp._1143–1144-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a25_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a25-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first known member of the family, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Erotikos_Komnenos" title="Manuel Erotikos Komnenos">Manuel Erotikos Komnenos</a>, acquired extensive estates at <a href="/wiki/Kastamon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastamon">Kastamon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a>, which became the stronghold of the family in the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Komnenos"_(A._Kazhdan),_pp._1143–1144_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Komnenos"_(A._Kazhdan),_pp._1143–1144-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a25–26_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a25–26-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family thereby quickly became associated with the powerful and prestigious military aristocracy (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Dynatoi" title="Dynatoi">dynatoi</a></i></span>) of <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>, so that despite coming from Thrace it came to be considered "eastern".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26_(note_8)_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26_(note_8)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from deriving legitimacy as rulers from familial links to the prominent <a href="/wiki/Doukas" title="Doukas">Doukai</a> (emperors <a href="/wiki/Constantine_X_Doukas" title="Constantine X Doukas">Constantine X</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_VII_Doukas" title="Michael VII Doukas">Michael VII</a> in particular), they also had a tradition linking them to <a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius Gothicus</a>, the supposed grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a>. Many classical monuments dedicated to Claudius stood in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Kastamonu" title="Kastamonu">Kastra Komnenon</a>, which according to historian Maximilian C. G. Lau may have increased his appeal in the eyes of the Komnenoi.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 17th-century French scholar <a href="/wiki/Du_Cange" class="mw-redirect" title="Du Cange">du Cange</a> suggested that the family descended from a Roman noble family that followed Constantine the Great to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, from whose cousin but although such mythical genealogies were common—and are attested for the closely related Doukas clan as well—the complete absence of any such assertion in the Byzantine sources argues against Du Cange's view.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romanian historian <a href="/wiki/George_Murnu" title="George Murnu">George Murnu</a> suggested in 1924 that the Komnenoi were of <a href="/wiki/Aromanians" title="Aromanians">Aromanian</a> descent, but this view too is now rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern scholars consider the family to have been entirely of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greeks" title="Byzantine Greeks">Greek</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoytcheva2007115–122_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoytcheva2007115–122-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manuel Erotikos Komnenos was the father of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_I_Komnenos" title="Isaac I Komnenos">Isaac I Komnenos</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1057–1059</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a39,_41_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a39,_41-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and grandfather, through Isaac's younger brother <a href="/wiki/John_Komnenos_(Domestic_of_the_Schools)" title="John Komnenos (Domestic of the Schools)">John Komnenos</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1081–1118</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a39,_49,_52_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a39,_49,_52-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding_the_dynasty">Founding the dynasty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komnenos&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding the dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Isaac_I_Komnenos" title="Isaac I Komnenos">Isaac I Komnenos</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Stratopedarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratopedarch">stratopedarch</a> of the East under <a href="/wiki/Michael_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael VI">Michael VI</a>, founded the Komnenos dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine emperor">Byzantine emperors</a>. In 1057 Isaac led a coup against Michael and was proclaimed emperor. Although his reign lasted only until 1059, when his courtiers pressured him to abdicate and become a monk, Isaac initiated many useful reforms. The dynasty returned to the throne with the accession of <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a>, Isaac I's nephew, in 1081. By this time, descendants of all the previous dynasties of Byzantium seem to have disappeared from the realm, such as the important <a href="/wiki/Skleros" title="Skleros">Scleros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argyros_(Byzantine_family)" title="Argyros (Byzantine family)">Argyros</a> families. Descendants of those emperors lived abroad, having married into the royal families of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>; this made it easier for the Komnenos family to ascend to the throne. </p><p>Upon their rise to the throne, the Komnenoi became intermarried with the previous <a href="/wiki/Doukas" title="Doukas">Doukas</a> dynasty: Alexios I married <a href="/wiki/Irene_Doukaina" title="Irene Doukaina">Irene Doukaina</a>, the grandniece of Constantine X Doukas, who had succeeded Isaac I in 1059. Thereafter the combined clan was often referred to as <b>Komnenodoukai</b> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Κομνηνοδούκαι</i></span>) and several individuals used both surnames together.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a27_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a27-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several families descended from this wider clan, such as <a href="/wiki/Palaiologos" title="Palaiologos">Palaiologos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angelos" title="Angelos">Angelos</a>, Vatatzes and <a href="/wiki/Laskaris" title="Laskaris">Laskaris</a>. Alexios and Irene's youngest daughter Theodora ensured the future success of the Angelos family by marrying into it: Theodora's grandsons became the emperors <a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos" title="Isaac II Angelos">Isaac II Angelos</a> (reigned 1185–1195 and 1203–1204) and <a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_Angelos" title="Alexios III Angelos">Alexios III Angelos</a> (reigned 1195–1203). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komnenoi_as_emperors">Komnenoi as emperors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komnenos&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Komnenoi as emperors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexius_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Alexius_I.jpg/140px-Alexius_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Alexius_I.jpg/210px-Alexius_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Alexius_I.jpg/280px-Alexius_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>Alexios I Komnenos.</figcaption></figure> <p>Under Alexios I and his successors the Empire was fairly prosperous and stable. Alexios moved the imperial palace to the <a href="/wiki/Blachernae" title="Blachernae">Blachernae</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. Much of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> was recovered from the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Turks">Seljuk Turks</a>, who had captured it just prior to Alexios' reign. Alexios also saw the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> pass through Byzantine territory, leading to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a> in the east. The Komnenos dynasty was very much involved in <a href="/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">crusader</a> affairs, and also intermarried with the reigning families of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> - <a href="/wiki/Theodora_Komnene,_Queen_of_Jerusalem" title="Theodora Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem">Theodora Komnene</a>, niece of <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos" title="Manuel I Komnenos">Manuel I Komnenos</a>, married <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_III_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin III of Jerusalem">Baldwin III of Jerusalem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Komnene,_Queen_of_Jerusalem" title="Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem">Maria</a>, grandniece of Manuel, married <a href="/wiki/Amalric_I_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalric I of Jerusalem">Amalric I of Jerusalem</a>. </p><p>Remarkably, Alexios ruled for 37 years, and his son <a href="/wiki/John_II_Komnenos" title="John II Komnenos">John II</a> ruled for 25, after uncovering a conspiracy against him by his sister, the chronicler <a href="/wiki/Anna_Komnene" title="Anna Komnene">Anna Komnene</a>. John's son Manuel ruled for another 37 years. </p><p>The Komnenos dynasty produced a number of branches. As imperial succession was not in a determined order but rather depended on personal power and the wishes of one's predecessor, within a few generations several relatives were able to present themselves as claimants. After Manuel I's reign the Komnenos dynasty fell into conspiracies and plots like many of its predecessors (and the various contenders within the family sought power and often succeeded in overthrowing the preceding kinsman); <a href="/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos">Alexios II</a>, the first Komnenos to ascend as a minor, ruled for three years and his conqueror and successor <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_I_Komnenos" title="Andronikos I Komnenos">Andronikos I</a> ruled for two, overthrown by the Angelos family under Isaac II who was dethroned and blinded by his own brother Alexios III. The Angeloi were overthrown during the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a> in 1204, by <a href="/wiki/Alexios_V_Doukas" title="Alexios V Doukas">Alexios V Doukas</a>, a relative from the Doukas family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_family">Later family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komnenos&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several weeks before the occupation of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204, one branch of the Komnenoi fled back to their homelands in Paphlagonia, along the eastern <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and its hinterland in the <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontic Alps">Pontic Alps</a>, where they established the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a>. Their first 'emperor', named <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_of_Trebizond" title="Alexios I of Trebizond">Alexios I</a>, was the grandson of Emperor Andronikos I.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These emperors – the <b>Grand Komnenoi</b> (<span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Megaloi Komnenoi</i></span> or <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Megalokomnenoi</i></span> in Greek) as they were known – ruled in <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trebizond</a> for over 250 years, until 1461, when <a href="/wiki/David_of_Trebizond" title="David of Trebizond">David Komnenos</a> was defeated and executed by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman sultan">Ottoman sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mehmed himself claimed descent from the Komnenos family via <a href="/wiki/John_Tzelepes_Komnenos" title="John Tzelepes Komnenos">John Tzelepes Komnenos</a>. The Trapezutine branch of the Komnenos dynasty also held the name of Axouchos as descendants of <a href="/wiki/John_Axouch" title="John Axouch">John Axouch</a>, a Byzantine nobleman and minister to the Byzantine Komnenian Dynasty. A princess of the Trebizond branch is said to have been the mother of prince <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Yahya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Yahya">Yahya</a> (born 1585),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> who reportedly became a Christian yet spent much of his life attempting to gain the Ottoman throne. </p><p>Another branch of the family, descendants of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Angelos" title="Constantine Angelos">Constantine Angelos</a>, founded the <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Despotate of Epirus</a> in 1204, under <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Komnenos_Doukas" title="Michael I Komnenos Doukas">Michael I Komnenos Doukas</a>, great-grandson of Emperor Alexios I. This branch adopted the surnames <b>Komnenos Doukas</b> and are known as such in modern scholarship. Helena Doukaina Komnene, a child of that branch of the family, married <a href="/wiki/Guy_I_de_la_Roche" title="Guy I de la Roche">Guy I de la Roche</a> thereby uniting the Komnenos and the <a href="/wiki/De_la_Roche" class="mw-redirect" title="De la Roche">de la Roche</a> houses, with Komnenos family members eventually becoming <a href="/wiki/Dukes_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukes of Athens">Dukes of Athens</a>. </p><p>One renegade member of the family, also named <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Komnenos_of_Cyprus" title="Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus">Isaac Komnenos</a>, established a separate "empire" on <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> in 1184, which lasted until 1191, when the island was taken from him by <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a>. His daughter, called the <a href="/wiki/Damsel_of_Cyprus" title="Damsel of Cyprus">Damsel of Cyprus</a>, married <a href="/wiki/Thierry_of_Flanders_(flourished_1197%E2%80%931207)" title="Thierry of Flanders (flourished 1197–1207)">Thierry of Flanders</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a> and tried to claim the island. </p><p>When the Byzantine Empire was <a href="/wiki/Reconquest_of_Constantinople" title="Reconquest of Constantinople">restored</a> in 1261 at Constantinople, it was ruled by a family closely related to the Komnenoi, the <a href="/wiki/Palaiologoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaiologoi">Palaiologoi</a>. The Palaiologoi ruled until the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">fall of Constantinople</a> to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. </p><p>The last descendant of the dynasty is often considered to have been <a href="/wiki/John_Komnenos_Molyvdos" title="John Komnenos Molyvdos">John Komnenos Molyvdos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a32_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a32-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a distinguished <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greeks" title="Ottoman Greeks">Ottoman Greek</a> scholar and physician, who became <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan bishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Side,_Turkey" title="Side, Turkey">Side</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dristra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dristra">Dristra</a>, and died in 1719. </p><p>In 1782, the <a href="/wiki/Greeks_of_Corsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeks of Corsica">Corsican Greek</a> notable <a href="/wiki/Demetrio_Stefanopoli" title="Demetrio Stefanopoli">Demetrio Stefanopoli</a> obtained <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> from <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI of France</a> recognizing him as the descendant and heir of the Emperors of Trebizond.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komnenian_ancestry_in_Western_Europe">Komnenian ancestry in Western Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komnenos&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Komnenian ancestry in Western Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Irene_Angelina" title="Irene Angelina">Irene Angelina</a>, daughter of Isaac II Angelos and thus a descendant of Alexios I Komnenos, married <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip of Swabia</a> (1177–1208), the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a>. From this union many of the royal and aristocratic families of <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> can trace a line of descent.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komnenos&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Byzantine Empire">History of the Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Komnenos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty">Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komnenos&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komnenos&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Comnenus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Comnenus">"Comnenus" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 793.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Comnenus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=793&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKomnenos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEODB"Komnenos"_(A._Kazhdan),_pp._1143–1144-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Komnenos"_(A._Kazhdan),_pp._1143–1144_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEODB"Komnenos"_(A._Kazhdan),_pp._1143–1144_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFODB">ODB</a>, "Komnenos" (A. Kazhdan), pp. 1143–1144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a25-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a25_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarzos1984a">Varzos 1984a</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a25–26-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a25–26_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarzos1984a">Varzos 1984a</a>, pp. 25–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26_(note_8)-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26_(note_8)_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarzos1984a">Varzos 1984a</a>, p. 26 (note 8).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagdalinoMacrides2022" class="citation book cs1">Magdalino, Paul; Macrides, Ruth (2022). "Theodore Prodromos, Carmina historica, I". In James, Liz; Nicholson, Oliver; Scott, Roger (eds.). <i>After the Text: Byzantine Enquiries in Honour of Margaret Mullett</i>. London: Routledge. pp. 32–38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theodore+Prodromos%2C+Carmina+historica%2C+I&rft.btitle=After+the+Text%3A+Byzantine+Enquiries+in+Honour+of+Margaret+Mullett&rft.place=London&rft.pages=32-38&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Magdalino&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Macrides%2C+Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKomnenos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLau2023" class="citation book cs1">Lau, Maximilian C. G. (2023). <i>Emperor John II Komnenos: Rebuilding New Rome 1118-1143</i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 65–66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emperor+John+II+Komnenos%3A+Rebuilding+New+Rome+1118-1143&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.pages=65-66&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Lau&rft.aufirst=Maximilian+C.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKomnenos" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a26_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarzos1984a">Varzos 1984a</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoytcheva2007115–122-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoytcheva2007115–122_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoytcheva2007">Koytcheva 2007</a>, p. 115–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a39,_41-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a39,_41_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarzos1984a">Varzos 1984a</a>, pp. 39, 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a39,_49,_52-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a39,_49,_52_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarzos1984a">Varzos 1984a</a>, pp. 39, 49, 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a27-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a27_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarzos1984a">Varzos 1984a</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. A. Vasiliev, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2846872">"The Foundation of the Empire of Trebizond (1204-1222)"</a>, <i>Speculum</i>, <b>11</b> (1936), pp. 3-37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Discussed by Ruth Macrides, "What's in the name 'Megas Komnenos'?" <i>Archeion Pontou</i>, <b>35</b> (1979), pp. 236-245</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a32-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarzos1984a32_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarzos1984a">Varzos 1984a</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRousseau1966" class="citation journal cs1">Rousseau, Hervé (1966). "La duchesse d'Abrantès, Napoléon et les Comnène". <i>Revue des Deux Mondes</i>: 44–52. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44592112">44592112</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+des+Deux+Mondes&rft.atitle=La+duchesse+d%27Abrant%C3%A8s%2C+Napol%C3%A9on+et+les+Comn%C3%A8ne&rft.pages=44-52&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44592112%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Rousseau&rft.aufirst=Herv%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKomnenos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruno_W._Häuptli2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bruno W. Häuptli (2007). "IRENE (Angelou) von Byzanz". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbkl.de/{{{1}}}"><i>Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)</i></a></span> (in German). Vol. 28. Nordhausen: Bautz. cols. 858–862. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88309-413-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-88309-413-7"><bdi>978-3-88309-413-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IRENE+%28Angelou%29+von+Byzanz&rft.btitle=Biographisch-Bibliographisches+Kirchenlexikon+%28BBKL%29&rft.place=Nordhausen&rft.pages=cols.+858-862&rft.pub=Bautz&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-88309-413-7&rft.au=Bruno+W.+H%C3%A4uptli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbkl.de%2F%7B%7B%7B1%7D%7D%7D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKomnenos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komnenos&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Averil_Cameron" title="Averil Cameron">Cameron, Averil</a> (Ed.) (2003) <i>Fifty Years of Prosopography: The Later Roman Empire, Byzantium and Beyond</i>, Oxford University Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoytcheva2007" class="citation journal cs1">Koytcheva, Elena (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=4193">"The Komnenoi "Familia et Domus"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Études balkaniques</i> (4): 115–122. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0324-1645">0324-1645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89tudes+balkaniques&rft.atitle=The+Komnenoi+%22Familia+et+Domus%22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=115-122&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=0324-1645&rft.aulast=Koytcheva&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D4193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKomnenos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFODB" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a>, ed. (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8"><bdi>0-19-504652-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-504652-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKomnenos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarzos1984a" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Varzos, Konstantinos (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303104103/https://www.kbe.auth.gr/sites/default/files/bkm20a1.pdf"><i>Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών</i></a> [<i>The Genealogy of the Komnenoi</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Greek). Vol. A. Thessaloniki: <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Byzantine_Studies,_University_of_Thessaloniki" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki">Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/834784634">834784634</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%97+%CE%93%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD&rft.place=Thessaloniki&rft.pub=Centre+for+Byzantine+Studies%2C+University+of+Thessaloniki&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F834784634&rft.aulast=Varzos&rft.aufirst=Konstantinos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20210303104103%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.kbe.auth.gr%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fbkm20a1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKomnenos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarzos1984b" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Varzos, Konstantinos (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130030810/http://www.kbe.auth.gr/sites/default/files/bkm20b.pdf"><i>Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών</i></a> [<i>The Genealogy of the Komnenoi</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Greek). Vol. B. Thessaloniki: <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Byzantine_Studies,_University_of_Thessaloniki" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki">Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/834784665">834784665</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%97+%CE%93%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD&rft.place=Thessaloniki&rft.pub=Centre+for+Byzantine+Studies%2C+University+of+Thessaloniki&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F834784665&rft.aulast=Varzos&rft.aufirst=Konstantinos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20210130030810%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.kbe.auth.gr%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fbkm20b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKomnenos" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Komnenoi" title="Template:Komnenoi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Komnenoi" title="Template talk:Komnenoi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Komnenoi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Komnenoi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Komnenoi_of_the_Byzantine_Empire_and_the_Empire_of_Trebizond" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Komnenoi</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Komnenos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty">Byzantine Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Komnenos" title="Nikephoros Komnenos">Nikephoros Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Erotikos_Komnenos" title="Manuel Erotikos Komnenos">Manuel Erotikos Komnenos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Isaac_I_Komnenos" title="Isaac I Komnenos">Isaac I Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Komnenos_(Domestic_of_the_Schools)" title="John Komnenos (Domestic of the Schools)">John Komnenos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Komnenos_(kouropalates)" title="Manuel Komnenos (kouropalates)">Manuel Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Komnenos_(brother_of_Alexios_I)" title="Isaac Komnenos (brother of Alexios I)">Isaac Komnenos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrianos_Komnenos" title="Adrianos Komnenos">Adrianos Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Komnenos_(brother_of_Alexios_I)" title="Nikephoros Komnenos (brother of Alexios I)">Nikephoros Komnenos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Komnenos_(governor_of_Dyrrhachium)" title="John Komnenos (governor of Dyrrhachium)">John Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Komnenos_(governor_of_Dyrrhachium)" title="Alexios Komnenos (governor of Dyrrhachium)">Alexios Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Komnenos" title="Constantine Komnenos">Constantine Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IV_of_Ohrid" title="John IV of Ohrid">Adrianos/John IV, Archbishop of Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Komnene" title="Anna Komnene">Anna Komnene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Komnene_(daughter_of_Alexios_I)" title="Maria Komnene (daughter of Alexios I)">Maria Komnene</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_II_Komnenos" title="John II Komnenos">John II Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Komnenos_(son_of_Alexios_I)" title="Andronikos Komnenos (son of Alexios I)">Andronikos Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Komnenos_(son_of_Alexios_I)" title="Isaac Komnenos (son of Alexios I)">Isaac Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_Komnene_(daughter_of_Alexios_I)" title="Eudokia Komnene (daughter of Alexios I)">Eudokia Komnene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Komnene_(daughter_of_Alexios_I)" title="Theodora Komnene (daughter of Alexios I)">Theodora Komnene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Komnenos_(co-emperor)" title="Alexios Komnenos (co-emperor)">Alexios Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Komnenos_(son_of_John_II)" title="Andronikos Komnenos (son of John II)">Andronikos Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Komnenos_(son_of_John_II)" title="Isaac Komnenos (son of John II)">Isaac Komnenos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos" title="Manuel I Komnenos">Manuel I Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tzelepes_Komnenos" title="John Tzelepes Komnenos">John Tzelepes Komnenos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_I_Komnenos" title="Andronikos I Komnenos">Andronikos I Komnenos</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Doukas_Komnenos" title="John Doukas Komnenos">John Doukas Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Komnene,_Duchess_of_Austria" title="Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria">Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Komnenos_(protosebastos)" title="Alexios Komnenos (protosebastos)">Alexios Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Komnene,_Queen_of_Hungary" title="Maria Komnene, Queen of Hungary">Maria Komnene, Queen of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Komnene,_Queen_of_Jerusalem" title="Theodora Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem">Theodora Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Komnene_(daughter_of_Manuel_I)" title="Maria Komnene (daughter of Manuel I)">Maria Komnene</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos">Alexios II Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexios_Komnenos_(illegitimate_son_of_Manuel_I)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexios Komnenos (illegitimate son of Manuel I) (page does not exist)">Alexios Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Komnenos_(son_of_Andronikos_I)" title="Manuel Komnenos (son of Andronikos I)">Manuel Komnenos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Komnenos_(son_of_Andronikos_I)" title="John Komnenos (son of Andronikos I)">John Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Komnenos_(son_of_Andronikos_I)" title="Alexios Komnenos (son of Andronikos I)">Alexios Komnenos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Komnene,_Queen_of_Jerusalem" title="Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem">Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Komnene,_Princess_of_Antioch" title="Theodora Komnene, Princess of Antioch">Theodora Komnene, Princess of Antioch</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/David_Komnenos" title="David Komnenos">David Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_of_Trebizond" title="Alexios I of Trebizond">Alexios I Megas Komnenos</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Trebizond" title="John I of Trebizond">John I Axouchos</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Trebizond" title="Manuel I of Trebizond">Manuel I Megas Komnenos</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_of_Trebizond" title="Andronikos II of Trebizond">Andronikos II Megas Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Theodora_of_Trebizond" title="Theodora of Trebizond">Theodora Megale Komnene</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/George,_Emperor_of_Trebizond" title="George, Emperor of Trebizond">George Megas Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Trebizond" title="John II of Trebizond">John II Megas Komnenos</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Alexios_II_of_Trebizond" title="Alexios II of Trebizond">Alexios II Megas Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Trebizond" title="Michael of Trebizond">Michael Megas Komnenos</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_of_Trebizond" title="Andronikos III of Trebizond">Andronikos III Megas Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Trebizond" title="Basil of Trebizond">Basil Megas Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anna_Anachoutlou" title="Anna Anachoutlou">Anna Anachoutlou</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Trebizond" title="John III of Trebizond">John III Megas Komnenos</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_of_Trebizond" title="Manuel II of Trebizond">Manuel II Megas Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_of_Trebizond" title="Alexios III of Trebizond">Alexios III Megas Komnenos</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Trebizond,_Queen_of_Georgia" title="Anna of Trebizond, Queen of Georgia">Anna Megale Komnene, Queen of Georgia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manuel_III_of_Trebizond" title="Manuel III of Trebizond">Manuel III Megas Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_of_Trebizond" title="Eudokia of Trebizond">Eudokia Megale Komnene, Lady of Sinop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Alexios_IV_of_Trebizond" title="Alexios IV of Trebizond">Alexios IV Megas Komnenos</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_IV_of_Trebizond" title="John IV of Trebizond">John IV Megas Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Trebizond" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria of Trebizond">Maria Megale Komnene, Byzantine Empress</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Trebizond" title="Alexander of Trebizond">Alexander Megas Komnenos</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/David_of_Trebizond" title="David of Trebizond">David Megas Komnenos</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Despina_Khatun" title="Despina Khatun">Theodora Megale Komnene ("Despina Khatun")</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alexios_V_of_Trebizond" title="Alexios V of Trebizond">Alexios V Megas Komnenos</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Uncertain generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_Komnene,_Lady_of_Montpellier" title="Eudokia Komnene, Lady of Montpellier">Eudokia Komnene, Lady of Montpellier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIMA_prophecy" title="AIMA prophecy">AIMA prophecy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Only <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">male-line descendants</a> who are independently notable are shown. Rulers and co-rulers are denoted in <b>bold</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Byzantine_Empire_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Byzantine_Empire_topics" title="Template:Byzantine Empire topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Byzantine_Empire_topics" title="Template talk:Byzantine Empire topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine_Empire_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine Empire topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Byzantine_Empire_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Byzantine Empire">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;"><b>Preceding</b></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Later_Roman_Empire" title="Later Roman Empire">Later Roman Empire</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;"><b>Early</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(330–717)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Constantinian_and_Valentinianic_dynasties" title="Byzantine Empire under the Constantinian and Valentinianic dynasties">Constantinian–Valentinianic era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinian_dynasty" title="Constantinian dynasty">Constantinian dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinianic_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentinianic dynasty">Valentinianic dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Theodosian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Theodosian dynasty">Theodosian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Leonid_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Leonid dynasty">Leonid era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Justinian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty">Justinian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Heraclian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty">Heraclian era</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Dark_Ages" title="Byzantine Dark Ages">Byzantine Dark Ages</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Years%27_Anarchy" title="Twenty Years' Anarchy">Twenty Years' Anarchy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;"><b>Middle</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(717–1204)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Isaurian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty">Isaurian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Nikephorian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Nikephorian dynasty">Nikephorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Amorian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Amorian dynasty">Amorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Macedonian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty">Macedonian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Doukas_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Doukas dynasty">Doukid era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Komnenos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty">Komnenian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Angelos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty">Angelid era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;"><b>Late</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1204–1453)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Constantinople" title="Sack of Constantinople">Sack of Constantinople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankokratia" title="Frankokratia">Frankokratia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li>Byzantine successor states (<a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Nicaea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" title="Despotate of Epirus">Epirus</a>–<a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea" title="Despotate of the Morea">Morea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Trebizond</a>–<a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Theodoro" title="Principality of Theodoro">Theodoro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Palaiologos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty">Palaiologan era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Decline of the Byzantine Empire">Decline of the Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em;text-align:left; font-weight:normal"><div style="float: right;">By modern region<br />or territory</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Anatolia" title="Byzantine Anatolia">Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Armenia" title="Byzantine Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Corsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Sardinia" title="Byzantine Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Sicily">Sicily</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Maghreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Maghreb">Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Malta" title="Byzantine Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Spain">Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Thrace">Thrace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Governance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Governance</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Emperors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Byzantine_emperor" title="Coronation of the Byzantine emperor">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="Family tree of Byzantine emperors">Family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses" title="List of Roman and Byzantine empresses">Empresses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_bureaucracy_and_aristocracy" title="Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy">Imperial bureaucracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek" title="Medieval Greek">Medieval Greek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Senate">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">Praetorian prefects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_officiorum" title="Magister officiorum">Magister officiorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comes_sacrarum_largitionum" title="Comes sacrarum largitionum">Comes sacrarum largitionum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comes_rerum_privatarum" title="Comes rerum privatarum">Comes rerum privatarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestor_sacri_palatii" title="Quaestor sacri palatii">Quaestor sacri palatii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_dromou" title="Logothetes tou dromou">Logothetes tou dromou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakellarios" title="Sakellarios">Sakellarios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_genikou" title="Logothetes tou genikou">Logothetes tou genikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logothetes_tou_stratiotikou" title="Logothetes tou stratiotikou">Logothetes tou stratiotikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakellarios" title="Sakellarios">Chartoularios tou sakelliou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestiarion" title="Vestiarion">Chartoularios tou vestiariou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi_tou_eidikou" title="Epi tou eidikou">Epi tou eidikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protasekretis" title="Protasekretis">Protasekretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi_ton_deeseon" title="Epi ton deeseon">Epi ton deeseon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megas_logothetes" title="Megas logothetes">Megas logothetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesazon" title="Mesazon">Mesazon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Subdivisions of the Byzantine Empire">Provincial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">Praetorian prefectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">Dioceses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_province#List_of_Late_Roman_provinces" title="Roman province">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestura_exercitus" title="Quaestura exercitus">Quaestura exercitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Exarchate of Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa" title="Exarchate of Africa">Exarchate of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">Themata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleisoura_(Byzantine_district)" title="Kleisoura (Byzantine district)">Kleisourai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandon_(Byzantine_Empire)" title="Bandon (Byzantine Empire)">Bandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katepano" title="Katepano">Catepanates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kephale_(Byzantine_Empire)" title="Kephale (Byzantine Empire)">Kephale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despot_(court_title)" title="Despot (court title)">Despotates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations of the Byzantine Empire">Foreign relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Treaties of the Byzantine Empire">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_diplomats" title="Category:Byzantine diplomats">Diplomats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_diplomacy" title="Byzantine diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_wars" title="List of Byzantine wars">Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Army" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army" title="Byzantine army">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_battle_tactics" title="Byzantine battle tactics">Battle tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_battles" title="List of Byzantine battles">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_beacon_system" title="Byzantine beacon system">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_generals" title="Category:Byzantine generals">Generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_mercenaries" title="Category:Byzantine mercenaries">Mercenaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_military_manuals" title="Byzantine military manuals">Military manuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Military units and formations of the Byzantine Empire">Military units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_revolts_and_civil_wars" title="List of Byzantine revolts and civil wars">Revolts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Roman_army" title="Late Roman army">Late Roman army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Roman_army" class="mw-redirect" title="East Roman army">East Roman army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati">Foederati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucellarii" title="Bucellarii">Bucellarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholae_Palatinae" title="Scholae Palatinae">Scholae Palatinae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excubitors" title="Excubitors">Excubitors</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">Themata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleisoura_(Byzantine_district)" title="Kleisoura (Byzantine district)">Kleisourai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourma" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourma">Tourma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droungos" title="Droungos">Droungos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandon_(Byzantine_Empire)" title="Bandon (Byzantine Empire)">Bandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagma_(military)" title="Tagma (military)">Tagmata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_of_the_Schools" title="Domestic of the Schools">Domestic of the Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetaireia" title="Hetaireia">Hetaireia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akritai" title="Akritai">Akritai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varangian_Guard" title="Varangian Guard">Varangian Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army_(Komnenian_era)" title="Byzantine army (Komnenian era)">Komnenian army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pronoia" title="Pronoia">Pronoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestiaritai" title="Vestiaritai">Vestiaritai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army_(Palaiologan_era)" title="Byzantine army (Palaiologan era)">Palaiologan army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allagion" title="Allagion">Allagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramonai" title="Paramonai">Paramonai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_domestic" title="Grand domestic">Grand domestic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_navy" title="Byzantine navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karabisianoi" title="Karabisianoi">Karabisianoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">Maritime themata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cibyrrhaeot_Theme" title="Cibyrrhaeot Theme">Cibyrrhaeot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_(theme)" title="Aegean Sea (theme)">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(theme)" title="Samos (theme)">Samos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromon" title="Dromon">Dromon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_fire" title="Greek fire">Greek fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droungarios_of_the_Fleet" title="Droungarios of the Fleet">Droungarios of the Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megas_doux" title="Megas doux">Megas doux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_admirals" title="Category:Byzantine admirals">Admirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naval_battles_involving_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Naval battles involving the Byzantine Empire">Naval battles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_and_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion and law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Category:Religion in the Byzantine Empire">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayhurum" title="Hayhurum">Hayhurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_saints" title="Category:Byzantine saints">Saints</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulicianism" title="Paulicianism">Paulicianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a></li> <li>Missionary activity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Moravia" title="Christianization of Moravia">Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianization of the Serbs">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire">Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_law" title="Byzantine law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Theodosianus" title="Codex Theodosianus">Codex Theodosianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis" title="Corpus Juris Civilis">Corpus Juris Civilis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Justinian" title="Code of Justinian">Code of Justinian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecloga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecloga">Ecloga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilika" title="Basilika">Basilika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Harmenopoulos" title="Constantine Harmenopoulos">Hexabiblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_mutilation_in_Byzantine_culture" title="Political mutilation in Byzantine culture">Mutilation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture_and_society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture and society</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_secular_architecture" title="Category:Byzantine secular architecture">Secular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_sacred_architecture" title="Category:Byzantine sacred architecture">Sacred</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-in-square" title="Cross-in-square">Cross-in-square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_domes" title="History of Roman and Byzantine domes">Domes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Cistern" title="Basilica Cistern">Basilica Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Zeuxippus" title="Baths of Zeuxippus">Baths of Zeuxippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Blachernae" title="Palace of Blachernae">Blachernae Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chora_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Chora Church">Chora Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Constantinople" title="Walls of Constantinople">City Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Palace_of_Constantinople" title="Great Palace of Constantinople">Great Palace of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Irene" title="Hagia Irene">Hagia Irene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_of_Constantinople" title="Hippodrome of Constantinople">Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pammakaristos_Church" title="Pammakaristos Church">Pammakaristos Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_of_Anemas" title="Prison of Anemas">Prison of Anemas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessalonica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Galerius_and_Rotunda" title="Arch of Galerius and Rotunda">Arch of Galerius and Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Bath_(Thessaloniki)" title="Byzantine Bath (Thessaloniki)">Byzantine Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia,_Thessaloniki" title="Hagia Sophia, Thessaloniki">Hagia Sophia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagios_Demetrios" title="Hagios Demetrios">Hagios Demetrios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Panagia_Chalkeon" title="Church of Panagia Chalkeon">Panagia Chalkeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Thessaloniki" title="Walls of Thessaloniki">Walls of Thessaloniki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Vitale" title="Basilica of San Vitale">San Vitale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_in_Classe" title="Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe">Sant'Apollinare in Classe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sant%27Apollinare_Nuovo" title="Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo">Sant'Apollinare Nuovo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Other locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daphni_Monastery" title="Daphni Monastery">Daphni Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosios_Loukas" title="Hosios Loukas">Hosios Loukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Moni_of_Chios" title="Nea Moni of Chios">Nea Moni of Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Metropolis" title="Little Metropolis">Panagia Gorgoepikoos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine%27s_Monastery" title="Saint Catherine's Monastery">Saint Catherine's Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystras" title="Mystras">Mystras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_enamel" title="Byzantine enamel">Enamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_glass" title="Byzantine glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic#Byzantine_mosaics" title="Mosaic">Mosaics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Byzantine_mosaics_in_the_Middle_East" title="Early Byzantine mosaics in the Middle East">Early Byzantine mosaics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_painters" title="Category:Byzantine painters">Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian period art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_civilisation_in_the_12th_century" title="Byzantine civilisation in the 12th century">Komnenian renaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_economy" title="Byzantine economy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_coinage" title="Byzantine coinage">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_mints" title="Byzantine mints">Mints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine trade">Trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_silk" title="Byzantine silk">silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_route_from_the_Varangians_to_the_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks">Varangians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynatoi" title="Dynatoi">Dynatoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_literature" title="Byzantine literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acritic_songs" title="Acritic songs">Acritic songs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digenes_Akritas" title="Digenes Akritas">Digenes Akritas</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Romance" title="Alexander Romance">Alexander Romance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_historians" title="Category:Byzantine historians">Historians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Everyday life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Cities in the Byzantine Empire">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_dance" title="Byzantine dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_dress" title="Byzantine dress">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_flags_and_insignia" title="Byzantine flags and insignia">Flags and insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_gardens" title="Byzantine gardens">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenization_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Hellenization in the Byzantine Empire">Hellenization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_lyra" title="Byzantine lyra">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octoechos" title="Octoechos">Octoechos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_people" title="Category:Byzantine people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greeks" title="Byzantine Greeks">Byzantine Greeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Women in the Byzantine Empire">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Slavery in the Byzantine Empire">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Death in the Byzantine Empire">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_units_of_measurement" title="Byzantine units of measurement">Units of measurement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_science" title="Byzantine science">Science</a></li><li>Learning</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_Greek_encyclopedias" title="Category:Byzantine Greek encyclopedias">Encyclopedias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Library_of_Constantinople" title="Imperial Library of Constantinople">Imperial Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_inventions" title="List of Byzantine inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_medicine" title="Byzantine medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_philosophy" title="Byzantine philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_rhetoric" title="Byzantine rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_scholars" title="List of Byzantine scholars">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_university" title="Byzantine university">University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Constantinople" title="University of Constantinople">University of Constantinople</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_commonwealth" title="Byzantine commonwealth">Byzantine commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_studies" title="Byzantine studies">Byzantine studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_museums" title="Category:Byzantine museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantinism" title="Byzantinism">Byzantinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Revival architecture">Neo-Byzantine architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_scholars_in_the_Renaissance" title="Greek scholars in the Renaissance">Greek scholars in the Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="Succession of the Roman Empire">Third Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Byzantine_Empire%E2%80%93related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Byzantine Empire–related articles">Index</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Outline of the Byzantine Empire">Outline</a></li><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Byzantine_Empire" title="Portal:Byzantine Empire">Portal</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Royal_houses_of_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_houses_of_Greece" title="Template:Royal houses of Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Royal_houses_of_Greece" title="Template talk:Royal houses of Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Royal_houses_of_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Royal houses of Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Royal_houses_of_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Royal houses</a> of <a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Greece" title="List of kings of Greece">Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipatrid_dynasty" title="Antipatrid dynasty">Antipatrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonid_dynasty" title="Antigonid dynasty">Antigonid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Constantinian_and_Valentinianic_dynasties" title="Byzantine Empire under the Constantinian and Valentinianic dynasties">Constantinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosian_dynasty" title="Theodosian dynasty">Theodosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_dynasty" title="Leonid dynasty">Leonid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian dynasty">Justinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraclian dynasty">Heraclian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaurian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaurian dynasty">Isaurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephorian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikephorian dynasty">Nikephorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amorian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorian dynasty">Amorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_dynasty" title="Macedonian dynasty">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doukas" title="Doukas">Doukas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelos" title="Angelos">Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Flanders" title="House of Flanders">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Courtenay" title="Capetian House of Courtenay">Courtenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laskaris" title="Laskaris">Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaiologos" title="Palaiologos">Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaccaria" title="Zaccaria">Zaccaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Damalas" title="Damalas">Damalas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163814#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163814#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163814#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/86427536">5</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/215466/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjGkxhmc8DPMQdFDcGHkwy">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11871385X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh87003947">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20081031015&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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