CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Prostitution in Australia - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c3caad55-4fc1-4407-9383-18328e8726bd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Prostitution_in_Australia","wgTitle":"Prostitution in Australia","wgCurRevisionId":1257900807,"wgRevisionId":1257900807,"wgArticleId":11663759,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use Australian English from May 2014","All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English","Use dmy dates from February 2020","All articles that may have off-topic sections","Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from April 2024","CS1: long volume value","Prostitution in Australia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Prostitution_in_Australia","wgRelevantArticleId":11663759,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Prostitution_in_Christmas_Island","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Prostitution_in_Australia#Christmas_Island","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7251009","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg/1200px-Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1102"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg/800px-Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="735"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg/640px-Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="588"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Prostitution in Australia - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_in_Australia#Christmas_Island"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_in_Australia#Christmas_Island"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Prostitution_in_Australia rootpage-Prostitution_in_Australia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Prostitution+in+Australia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Prostitution+in+Australia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Prostitution+in+Australia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Prostitution+in+Australia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Convict_period_1788–1840" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Convict_period_1788–1840"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Convict period 1788–1840 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Convict_period_1788–1840-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_period_1840–1901" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_period_1840–1901"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Colonial period 1840–1901 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_period_1840–1901-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_period_1901–1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_period_1901–1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Federal period 1901–1970s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_period_1901–1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Post 1970s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_trafficking_in_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_trafficking_in_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Human trafficking in Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_trafficking_in_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australian_Capital_Territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_Capital_Territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Australian Capital Territory </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Australian_Capital_Territory-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Australian Capital Territory subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Australian_Capital_Territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_review_2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_review_2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Legislative review 2011 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_review_2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Advocacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_South_Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_South_Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 New South Wales </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-New_South_Wales-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle New South Wales subsection </button> <ul id="toc-New_South_Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Early era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Modern era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Strengthening_the_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strengthening_the_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2.1 Strengthening the laws </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strengthening_the_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decriminalisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decriminalisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2.2 Decriminalisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decriminalisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Northern Territory </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Northern_Territory-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Northern Territory subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Northern_Territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sex_Industry_Act_2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sex_Industry_Act_2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Sex Industry Act 2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sex_Industry_Act_2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-Discrimination_Amendment_2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Discrimination_Amendment_2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 Anti-Discrimination Amendment 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Discrimination_Amendment_2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queensland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queensland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Queensland </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Queensland-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Queensland subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Queensland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 South Australia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-South_Australia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle South Australia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-South_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_era_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_era_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.1 Early era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_era_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2 Modern era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Millhouse_(1980)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Millhouse_(1980)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2.1 Millhouse (1980) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Millhouse_(1980)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pickles_(1986)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pickles_(1986)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2.2 Pickles (1986) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pickles_(1986)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gilfillan_(1991)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gilfillan_(1991)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2.3 Gilfillan (1991) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gilfillan_(1991)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brindal_(1993)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brindal_(1993)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2.4 Brindal (1993) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brindal_(1993)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cameron_(1998)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cameron_(1998)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2.5 Cameron (1998) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cameron_(1998)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brokenshire_(1999)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brokenshire_(1999)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2.6 Brokenshire (1999) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brokenshire_(1999)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key–Gago_(2012–2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key–Gago_(2012–2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2.7 Key–Gago (2012–2013) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key–Gago_(2012–2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensink–Key–Chapman–Franks_(2015–2019)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensink–Key–Chapman–Franks_(2015–2019)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2.8 Lensink–Key–Chapman–Franks (2015–2019) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensink–Key–Chapman–Franks_(2015–2019)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tasmania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tasmania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Tasmania </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tasmania-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Tasmania subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Tasmania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twentieth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twentieth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 Twentieth century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twentieth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_review" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_review"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.2 2008 review </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_review-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_review" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_review"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.3 2012 review </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_review-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victoria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victoria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Victoria </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Victoria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Victoria subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Victoria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.1 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.2 Early 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_20th_century:_From_prohibition_to_regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_20th_century:_From_prohibition_to_regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.3 Late 20th century: From prohibition to regulation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_20th_century:_From_prohibition_to_regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.4 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulatory_framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulatory_framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Regulatory framework </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulatory_framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s_perspectives_and_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s_perspectives_and_reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 2000s perspectives and reviews </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s_perspectives_and_reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Premises-based_sex_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premises-based_sex_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3.1 Premises-based sex work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premises-based_sex_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Street_sex_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Street_sex_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3.2 Street sex work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Street_sex_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HIV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HIV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3.3 HIV </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HIV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3.4 Economics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Western Australia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Western_Australia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Western Australia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Western_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.1 Early period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twentieth_century_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twentieth_century_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.2 Twentieth century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twentieth_century_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallop_Government_(2001–2006)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallop_Government_(2001–2006)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.2.1 Gallop Government (2001–2006) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallop_Government_(2001–2006)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carpenter_Government_(2006–2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carpenter_Government_(2006–2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.2.2 Carpenter Government (2006–2008) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carpenter_Government_(2006–2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barnett_Government_(2008–2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barnett_Government_(2008–2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.2.3 Barnett Government (2008–2017) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barnett_Government_(2008–2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prostitution_Bill_2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-5"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prostitution_Bill_2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.2.3.1 Prostitution Bill 2011 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prostitution_Bill_2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-McGowan_Government_(2017–)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#McGowan_Government_(2017–)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.2.4 McGowan Government (2017–) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-McGowan_Government_(2017–)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_minor_territories_of_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_minor_territories_of_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Other minor territories of Australia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_minor_territories_of_Australia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other minor territories of Australia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_minor_territories_of_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christmas_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christmas_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Christmas Island </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christmas_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Cocos (Keeling) Islands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norfolk_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norfolk_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Norfolk Island </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norfolk_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Bibliography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bibliography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books_and_monographs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_and_monographs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Books and monographs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_and_monographs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australian_Institute_of_Criminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_Institute_of_Criminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1.1 Australian Institute of Criminology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_Institute_of_Criminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Articles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.3 Websites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chapters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chapters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.4 Chapters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chapters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_and_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_and_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.5 States and territories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_and_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australian_Capital_Territory_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_Capital_Territory_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.5.1 Australian Capital Territory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_Capital_Territory_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_South_Wales_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_South_Wales_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.5.2 New South Wales </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_South_Wales_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Territory_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Territory_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.5.3 Northern Territory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Territory_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queensland_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queensland_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.5.4 Queensland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queensland_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Australia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Australia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.5.5 South Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Australia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tasmania_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tasmania_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.5.6 Tasmania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tasmania_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victoria_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victoria_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.5.7 Victoria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victoria_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Australia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Australia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.5.8 Western Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Australia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Prostitution in Australia</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" > 2 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostituci%C3%B3n_en_Australia" title="Prostitución en Australia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Prostitución en Australia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_i_Australien" title="Prostitution i Australien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Prostitution i Australien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7251009#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Australia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Prostitution_in_Australia" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Australia">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Australia">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Prostitution_in_Australia" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Prostitution_in_Australia" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&oldid=1257900807" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Prostitution_in_Australia&id=1257900807&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProstitution_in_Australia%23Christmas_Island">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProstitution_in_Australia%23Christmas_Island">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Prostitution_in_Australia" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7251009" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Christmas_Island&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Christmas Island">Prostitution in Christmas Island</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg/400px-Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg/600px-Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg/800px-Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1955" data-file-height="1795" /></a><figcaption>Legal status of sex work (prostitution) in Australia by state or territory according to <a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_sex_work#Legal_models_of_sex_work" title="Decriminalization of sex work">model</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_sex_work" title="Decriminalization of sex work">Decriminalisation</a>: sex work is regarded as regular work and operates outside of criminal law</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_law#Legalization" title="Prostitution law">Legalisation</a>: sex work is legal and regulated, but operates within criminal law, with most activities exempt from criminal penalties</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_(prostitution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionism (prostitution)">Abolitionism</a>: sex work is legal but not regulated, and organised activities such as brothels and pimping are illegal</div></figcaption></figure> Prostitution in Australia is governed by <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">state and territory</a> laws, which vary considerably, although none ban the selling of sex itself. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> operate under an <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_(prostitution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionism (prostitution)">abolitionism</a> framework, where the selling of sex itself is not illegal, but activities such as keeping brothels and pimping are illegal.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a> operates under a <a href="/wiki/Legalization_of_prostitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Legalization of prostitution">legalisation</a> framework, where sex work is legal, but brothels must be licensed and can face criminal penalties for operating without a license. Private sex work is legal if the sex worker is working alone.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a> operate under a <a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_sex_work" title="Decriminalization of sex work">decriminalisation</a> framework, where most criminal penalties associated with sex work have been removed and brothels or prostitutes are not required to be licensed, however all jurisdictions still have some remaining regulations in regards to where prostitutes or brothels can operate, or on other activities such as advertising.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li></ul> There is no evidence of pre-colonial prostitution amongst <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>, however sexual practices more consistent with the modern understanding of <a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">polygamy</a> were common, such as the exchange of women to demonstrate friendship. Colonial-era prostitution was controlled via legislation such as the colonial versions of the <a href="/wiki/Contagious_Diseases_Acts" title="Contagious Diseases Acts">Contagious Diseases Acts</a>, passed in Victoria and Queensland. Although colonies such as South Australia chose not to pass any CD Act, seeing it as "infringement on the rights of women and official condoning of immorality".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrances1994-10">[10]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a>, criminal law was left in the hands of the states, which by and large did not make selling of sex itself illegal, although many acts associated with it such as solicitation, brothel keeping, and leasing accommodations were made illegal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarpenterHayes2014-11">[11]</a> From the 1970s onwards, prostitution restrictions have generally eased. A 1990 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Criminology" title="Australian Institute of Criminology">Australian Institute of Criminology</a> report recommended decriminalization of prostitution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinto_et_al1990-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> decriminalized street-based sex work in 1979, using a model subsequently adopted by jurisdictions such as New Zealand, and made brothels legal in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> Programme on HIV and AIDS (<a href="/wiki/UNAIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAIDS">UNAIDS</a>), which issues regular statistics on sex work, estimated there were around 20,500 sex workers in Australia in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNData2019-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Alliance" title="Scarlet Alliance">Scarlet Alliance</a>, a national peer sex worker NGO, provides advocacy for sex workers in Australia. Queensland since 2 August 2024<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> is the most recent state to decriminalise sex work, removing most criminal penalties associated with sex work and abolishing the brothel licensing systems.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-18">[18]</a> Victoria decriminalised sex work in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-:3-19">[19]</a> The Northern Territory decriminalised sex work in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Sex work in Australia has operated differently depending on the period of time evaluated. For this reason discussion is divided into three distinct periods: convict, late colonial, and post-federation. Pre-colonial "prostitution" among Aboriginal peoples is not considered here, since it bore little resemblance to contemporary understanding of the term.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrances1994-10">[10]</a> The arrival of the Europeans changed this "wife exchange" system, once they started exchanging their European goods for sexual services from Aboriginal women.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrances1994-10">[10]</a> During the convict period, English common law applied, and dealt with brothel keeping, disorderly houses, and public nuisance. The late colonial period viewed prostitution as a public health issue, through the <a href="/wiki/Contagious_Diseases_Acts" title="Contagious Diseases Acts">Contagious Diseases Acts</a>, versions of which passed in Victoria and Queensland, with compulsory examination of prostitutes and detention in "<a href="/wiki/Lock_hospital" title="Lock hospital">lock hospitals</a>" if found to be carrying a "<a href="/wiki/Venereal_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Venereal disease">venereal disease</a>". South Australia chose not to pass any CD Act, seeing it as "infringement on the rights of women and official condoning of immorality". Since <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a> in 1901, the emphasis has been on criminalising activities associated with prostitution. Although not explicitly prohibiting paid sex, the criminal law effectively produced a de facto prohibition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Convict_period_1788–1840">Convict period 1788–1840</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Convict period 1788–1840">edit</a>]</div> Prostitution probably first appeared in Australia at the time of the <a href="/wiki/First_Fleet" title="First Fleet">First Fleet</a> in 1788. Some of the women transported to Australia had previously worked in prostitution, while others chose the profession due to economic circumstances, and a severe imbalance of the sexes. While the 1822 <a href="/wiki/John_Bigge" title="John Bigge">Bigge Inquiry</a> refers to brothels, these were mainly women working from their own homes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period_1840–1901">Colonial period 1840–1901</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial period 1840–1901">edit</a>]</div> In the colonial period, prior to <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">federation</a>, Australia adopted the <a href="/wiki/Contagious_Diseases_Acts" title="Contagious Diseases Acts">Contagious Diseases Acts</a> of the United Kingdom between 1868 and 1879 in an attempt to control <a href="/wiki/Venereal_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Venereal disease">venereal disease</a> in the military, requiring compulsory inspection of women suspected of prostitution, and could include incarceration in a <a href="/wiki/Lock_hospital" title="Lock hospital">lock hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaunders1995-22">[22]</a> Japan exported prostitutes called <a href="/wiki/Karayuki-san" title="Karayuki-san">Karayuki-san</a> during the Meiji and Taisho periods to China, Canada, the United States, Australia, French Indochina, British Malaya, British Borneo, British India and British East Africa where they served western soldiers and Chinese coolies.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Japanese prostitutes were also in other European colonies in Southeast Asia like Singapore as well as Australia and the US.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">relevant?</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_period_1901–1970s">Federal period 1901–1970s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Federal period 1901–1970s">edit</a>]</div> After federation, criminal law was left in the hands of the states. But criminal law relating to prostitution only dates from around 1910. These laws did not make the act of prostitution illegal but did criminalise many activities related to prostitution. These laws were based on <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in England">English laws</a> passed between 1860 and 1885, and related to soliciting, age restrictions, brothel keeping, and leasing accommodation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarpenterHayes2014-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_1970s">Post 1970s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post 1970s">edit</a>]</div> Since the 1970s there has been a change toward liberalisation of prostitution laws, but although attitudes to prostitution are largely homogenous, the actual approaches have varied. A May 1990 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Criminology" title="Australian Institute of Criminology">Australian Institute of Criminology</a> report recommended that prostitution not be a criminal offence, since the laws were ineffective and endangered sex workers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinto_et_al1990-12">[12]</a> The NSW <a href="/wiki/Wood_Royal_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood Royal Commission">Wood Royal Commission</a> into Police Corruption in 1995 recommended sex work be decriminalised to curb corruption and abuse of power..<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERissel_et_al2003-31">[31]</a> Following South Korea passing its Anti-prostitution Law and subsequent crackdowns on brothels and prostitution, many Korean sex workers moved abroad, including to Australia. In 2011 Korea's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(South_Korea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> estimated there to be 1,000 Korean sex workers in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> A 2022 investigation by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Criminal_Intelligence_Commission" title="Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission">Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission</a> and other agencies alleged that 14 Australian-based overseas student education providers worked with crime syndicates to obtain student visa for Korean sex workers.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS <a href="/wiki/UNAIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAIDS">UNAIDS</a> has estimated the number of sex workers in Australia in 2012–2014 as between 20,000 and 25,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNData2019-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Alliance" title="Scarlet Alliance">Scarlet Alliance</a>, a national peer sex worker <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a>, provides advocacy for sex workers in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScarlet_Alliance2016-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a>]</div> Despite discriminatory STI, BBV and HIV laws targeted at sex workers, peer education has been effective at keeping STIs in the sex worker population at a low level, similar to the general population, and comparable among the states.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaginn2013-35">[35]</a> Although there had been claims that sex workers were responsible for STI levels in mining communities, subsequent research has shown this not to be true.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott_et_al2012-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_trafficking_in_Australia">Human trafficking in Australia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Human trafficking in Australia">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Australia" title="Human trafficking in Australia">Human trafficking in Australia</a></div> The number of people trafficked into or within Australia is unknown. Estimates given to a 2004 parliamentary inquiry into sexual servitude in Australia ranged from 300 to 1,000 trafficked women annually.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoint_Committee2006-37">[37]</a> In 2006, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/human-trafficking/HT-globalpatterns-en.pdf">Trafficking in persons: global patterns</a> lists Australia as one of 21 trafficking destination countries in the high category. Australia did not become a party to the <a href="/wiki/Convention_for_the_Suppression_of_the_Traffic_in_Persons_and_of_the_Exploitation_of_the_Prostitution_of_Others" title="Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others">Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others</a> when it was implemented in 1949. It has implemented in 1999<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Protocol_to_Prevent,_Suppress_and_Punish_Trafficking_in_Persons,_especially_Women_and_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children">Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children</a>, supplementing the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Convention_against_Transnational_Organized_Crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention against Transnational Organized Crime">Convention against Transnational Organized Crime</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2000-39">[39]</a> to which it is a party. Australia has also ratified on 8 January 2007 the <a href="/wiki/Optional_Protocol_to_the_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child_on_the_Sale_of_Children,_Child_Prostitution_and_Child_Pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography">Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography</a>, which requires it to prohibit, besides other things, <a href="/wiki/Child_prostitution" title="Child prostitution">child prostitution</a>. For the purpose of the Protocol, a child is any human being under the age of 18, unless an earlier age of majority is recognised by a country's law. In all Australian jurisdictions, the minimum age at which a person can engage in prostitution is 18 years, although it is argued against the age of consent, and it is always illegal to engage another in prostitution. A 2020 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/9/11/192/pdf">research on migration, sex work and trafficking</a> showed that, due to the decriminalisation of sex work in some of its states and to a recent increase in work visa opportunities for sections of migrant sex workers, the numbers of human trafficking victims into the sex industry in Australia had dramatically decreased. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Australian_Capital_Territory">Australian Capital Territory</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Australian Capital Territory">edit</a>]</div> Sex work in the Australian Capital Territory is governed by the Sex Work Act 1992,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEACT_SWA1992-40">[40]</a> following partial decriminalisation in 1992; that Act was originally known as the Prostitution Act 1992, being changed to its current name by the Prostitution Act (Amendment) Act 2018. Brothels are legal, but sex workers were required to register with the Office of Regulatory Services (ORS), subsequently Access Canberra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEORS2011-41">[41]</a> The ORS also registered and regulated brothels and escort agencies. Sex workers may work privately but must work alone. Soliciting remains illegal (Section 19). Subsequent amending acts include the Prostitution Amendment Act 2002<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> and the Justice and Community Safety Legislation Amendment Act 2011<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>(Part 1.7), a minor administrative amendment. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Prior to passage of the Prostitution Act 1992, prostitution policy in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a> (ACT) consisted of "containment and control" under the Police Offences Act 1930<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a>This prohibited keeping a brothel, persistently soliciting in a public place, or living on the earnings of prostitution. This law was not enforced. In 1991 a report entitled Prostitution in the ACT: Interim Report (Australian Capital Territory) was produced by the Select Committee on HIV, Illegal Drugs and Prostitution describing the then state of the industry, the shortcomings of the law, and the possible reforms available. Having considered the example of other Australian States that had adopted various other models, the committee recommended decriminalisation, which occurred in the 1992 Prostitution Act.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollaery1992-45">[45]</a> Sex workers and brothel owners were required to register with the Office of Regulatory Services (ORS), subsequently Access Canberra, as were escort agencies, including sole operators.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEORS2011-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislative_review_2011">Legislative review 2011</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legislative review 2011">edit</a>]</div> The legal situation was reviewed again with a Standing Committee on Justice and Community Safety's inquiry into the ACT Prostitution Act 1992, following the death of a 16-year-old woman, Janine Cameron, from a heroin overdose in a brothel in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The inquiry was established on 28 October 2010. The committee, chaired by ACT Liberal MLA <a href="/wiki/Vicki_Dunne" title="Vicki Dunne">Vicki Dunne</a>, devised terms of reference that were as follows: <ul><li>the form and operation of the Act</li> <li>identifying regulatory options, including the desirability of requiring commercially operated brothels to maintain records of workers and relevant proof of age, to ensure that all sex workers are over the age of 18 years</li> <li>the adequacy of, and compliance with, occupational health and safety requirements for sex workers</li> <li>any links with criminal activity</li> <li>the extent to which unlicensed operators exist within the ACT</li> <li>other relevant matter<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li></ul> Written submissions were required by 26 February 2011 at which time 58 submissions had been received.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>Submissions to the committee included <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Alliance" title="Scarlet Alliance">Scarlet Alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The Alliance requested changes that would allow sex workers to work together, the removal of registration (which is rarely complied with),<a href="#cite_note-ct311-50">[50]</a> and the repeal of sections 24 and 25 dealing with <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexually transmitted diseases">sexually transmitted diseases</a>. The Eros Association, which represents the industry also called for removal of registration and for an expansion into residential areas.<a href="#cite_note-ct311-50">[50]</a> As in other States and Territories, conservative Christian groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Christian_Lobby" title="Australian Christian Lobby">Australian Christian Lobby</a> (ACL) called for criminalising <a href="/wiki/Client_(prostitution)" title="Client (prostitution)">clients</a>. <a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Groups supporting this position included the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Against_Trafficking_in_Women" title="Coalition Against Trafficking in Women">Coalition Against Trafficking in Women</a> Australia,<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> and the Catholic Church.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Sex workers argued against it.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Ms Dunne stated that the committee would consider exit schemes;<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> however Attorney-General <a href="/wiki/Simon_Corbell" title="Simon Corbell">Simon Corbell</a> stated that it was unlikely there will be any substantive changes to the status quo.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The committee completed its hearings on evidence on 13 July 2011,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> and issued its report in February 2012.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The Government issued a formal response in June,<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> stating it would follow most of the recommendations and that the inquiry had affirmed that sex work was a legitimate occupation. In the <a href="/wiki/2012_Australian_Capital_Territory_election" title="2012 Australian Capital Territory election">October 2012 elections</a> the opposition Liberals campaigned on a platform to oppose allowing more than one sex worker to use a premise in suburban areas<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> but were not successful in preventing a further term of the ALP Green alliance. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advocacy">Advocacy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Advocacy">edit</a>]</div> Advocacy for sex workers in the ACT is undertaken by SWOP ACT (Sex Work Outreach Project).<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_South_Wales">New South Wales</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: New South Wales">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> (NSW) has almost complete decriminalisation, and has been a model for other jurisdictions such as New Zealand. Brothels are legal in NSW under the Summary Offences Act 1988.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The main activities that are illegal are: <ul><li>living on the earnings of a prostitute, although persons who own or manage a brothel are exempt</li> <li>causing or inducing prostitution (procuring: Crimes Act s.91A, B)</li> <li>using premises, or allowing premises to be used, for prostitution that are held out as being available for massage, sauna baths, steam baths, facilities for exercise, or photographic studios</li> <li>advertising that a premise is used for prostitution, or advertising for prostitutes</li> <li>soliciting for prostitution near or within view of a dwelling, school, church or hospital</li> <li>engaging in child prostitution (Crimes Act s.91C–F)<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li></ul> According to a 2009 report in the <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)" title="The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)">Daily Telegraph</a>, illegal brothels in Sydney outnumbered licensed operations by four to one.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_3">History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_era">Early era</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Early era">edit</a>]</div> NSW was founded in 1788 and was responsible for <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> until 1825, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> until 1851 and <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> until 1859. It inherited much of the problems of port cities, penal colonies, and the gender imbalance of colonial life. Initially there was little specific legislation aimed at prostitution, but prostitutes could be charged under vagrancy provisions if their behaviour drew undue attention. In 1822 <a href="/wiki/John_Bigge" title="John Bigge">Commissioner Bigge</a> reported stated there were 20 brothels in Sydney, and many women at the <a href="/wiki/Parramatta_Female_Factory" title="Parramatta Female Factory">Parramatta Female Factory</a> were involved in prostitution.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The Prevention of Vagrancy Act 1835 was designed to deal with 'undesirables'.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991-21">[21]</a> In 1848 the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Female_Refuge_Society" title="Sydney Female Refuge Society">Sydney Female Refuge Society</a> was set up in Pitt Street to care for prostitutes; its buildings were demolished in 1901 to make way for the new Central Railway Station.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The 1859 Select Committee into the Condition of the Working Classes of the Metropolis described widespread prostitution. Nineteenth-century legislation included the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1883 and Police Offences Act 1901. Attempts to pass contagious diseases legislation were resisted, and unlike other States, legislative control was minimal till the general attack on 'vice' of the first decade of the twentieth century which resulted in the Police Offences Amendment Act 1908, and the Prisoners Detention Act. Street prostitution was controlled by the Vagrancy Act 1902 (sec. 4[1] [c]) enabling a woman to be arrested as a 'common prostitute'.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991-21">[21]</a> This was strengthened by an amendment of the Police Offences (Amendment) Act 1908, which also prohibited living on the earnings. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Modern era">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Strengthening_the_laws">Strengthening the laws</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Strengthening the laws">edit</a>]</div> The Vagrancy Act was further strengthened in 1968, making it an offence to 'loiter for the purpose of prostitution' (sec. 4 [1] [k]). These provisions were then incorporated into the Summary Offences Act 1970, s.28. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Decriminalisation">Decriminalisation</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Decriminalisation">edit</a>]</div> In the 1970s an active debate about the need for liberalisation appeared, spearheaded by feminists and <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarians</a>, culminating under the <a href="/wiki/Neville_Wran" title="Neville Wran">Wran</a> ALP government in the Prostitution Act 1979. Eventually NSW became a model for debates on liberalising prostitution laws. But almost immediately, community pressure started to build for additional safeguards, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Darlinghurst" title="Darlinghurst">Darlinghurst</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991-21">[21]</a> although police still utilised other legislation such as the Offences in Public Places Act 1979 for unruly behaviour. Eventually, this led to a subsequent partial recriminalisation of street work with the Prostitution (Amendment) Act 1983, of which s.8A stipulates that; (1) A person in a public street shall not, near a dwelling, school, church or hospital, solicit another person for the purpose of prostitution ... (2) A person shall not, in a school, church or hospital, solicit another person for the purpose of prostitution. This resulted in Darlinghurst street workers relocating.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991-21">[21]</a> Further decriminalisation of premises followed with the<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> implementation of recommendations from the Select Committee of the Legislative Assembly Upon Prostitution (1983–86). Although the committee had recommended relaxing the soliciting laws, the new <a href="/wiki/Nick_Greiner" title="Nick Greiner">Greiner</a> Liberal government tightened these provisions further in 1988 through the Summary Offences Act in response to community pressure. The current regulatory framework is based on the Crimes Act 1900,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Disorderly Houses Act 1943 (renamed Restricted Premises Act in 2002), Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, and Summary Offences Act 1988. The suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Kings_Cross,_New_South_Wales" title="Kings Cross, New South Wales">King's Cross</a> in Sydney and <a href="/wiki/Islington,_New_South_Wales" title="Islington, New South Wales">Islington</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a> have been traditional centres of prostitution. New South Wales legalises <a href="/wiki/Street_prostitution" title="Street prostitution">street prostitution</a>, but community groups in those locations have occasionally lobbied for re-criminalisation.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> As promised in its 2011 election campaign, the Liberal Party sought review of the regulation of brothels. In September 2012, it issues a discussion paper on review of the regulations.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> It stated that the purpose was three-fold, the protection of residential amenity; protection of sex workers and safeguarding public health.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaginn2013-35">[35]</a> Nevertheless, there is no evidence of a negative effect of brothels on the community.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> Generally prostitution policy in NSW has been bipartisan. But in 2010 the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_South_Wales_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party">Liberal (centre-right) opposition</a> announced that it would make prostitution reform part of its campaign for the <a href="/wiki/2011_New_South_Wales_state_election" title="2011 New South Wales state election">March 2011 State election</a>. The plan would involve a new licensing authority, following revelations that the sex industry had been expanding and operating illegally as well as in legal premises. The Liberals claimed that organised crime and coercion were part of the NSW brothel scene.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The last reform was in 2007, with the Brothels Legislation Act.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The Liberals were duly elected as the new government in that election.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Advocacy for sex workers in NSW is undertaken by SWOP NSW (Sex Workers Outreach Project).<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Northern_Territory">Northern Territory</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Northern Territory">edit</a>]</div> Sex work including the operation of brothels and street work became legal, subject to regulation, in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> in 2019 with the passage of the Sex Industry Act<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESex_Industry_Bill2019-79">[79]</a> which repealed earlier legislation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsBreen2019-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_4">History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Unlike other parts of Australia, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> remained largely Aboriginal for much longer, and Europeans were predominantly male. Inevitably this brought European males into close proximity with Aboriginal women. There has been much debate as to whether the hiring of Aboriginal women (Black Velvet) as domestic labour but also as sexual partners constituted prostitution or not.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Certainly these inter-racial liaisons attracted much criticism. Once the Commonwealth took over the territory from South Australia in 1911, it saw its role as protecting the indigenous population, and there was considerable debate about employment standards and the practice of 'consorting'.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Pressure from reform came from women's groups such as Women Against Discrimination and Exploitation (WADE). (Bonney 1997) In 1992 the Prostitution Regulation Act reformed and consolidated the common law and statute law relating to prostitution.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The first report of the Escort Agency Licensing Board in 1993 recommended further reform, but the Government did not accept this, feeling there would be widespread opposition to legalising brothels. The Attorney-General's Department conducted a review in 1996. A further review was subsequently conducted in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In 2004 The Suppression of Brothels Act 1907 (SA) in its application to the Territory was repealed by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nt/consol_act/pra1992317/">Prostitution Regulation Act 2004</a> (NT). Under this legislation brothels and street work were illegal, but The Northern Territory Licensing Commission<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> could license Northern Territory residents for a licence to operate an escort agency business.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Sole operators were legal and unregulated. Sex workers protested against the fact that the NT was the only part of Australia where workers had to register with the police.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sex_Industry_Act_2019">Sex Industry Act 2019</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sex Industry Act 2019">edit</a>]</div> In June 2010, the NT Government rejected calls from the NT Sex Workers Outreach Programme for legalisation of brothels. As elsewhere in Australia, legalisation was opposed by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Christian_Lobby" title="Australian Christian Lobby">Australian Christian Lobby</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Northern_Territory_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Northern Territory Branch)">ALP</a> government, <a href="/wiki/2016_Northern_Territory_general_election" title="2016 Northern Territory general election">elected in 2016</a>, issued a discussion paper in March 2019.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENTGov2019-90">[90]</a> Following the consultation period in May, legislation was prepared, and introduced in September as the Sex Industry Bill. It was referred to committee on 18 September, inviting public submissions. The Economic Policy Scrutiny Committee reported on 20 November, with the Government response on the 26th.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELANT2019-91">[91]</a> The Bill was considered and passed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Northern_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Northern Territory">Legislative Assembly</a> that day, effectively decriminalising prostitution in the Territory, and coming into force on 16 December 2019.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsBreen2019-80">[80]</a> The move was welcomed by the United Nations HIV/AIDS Programme (<a href="/wiki/UNAIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAIDS">UNAIDS</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNAIDS2019-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-Discrimination_Amendment_2022">Anti-Discrimination Amendment 2022</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Anti-Discrimination Amendment 2022">edit</a>]</div> In November 2022, the NT Government passed the Anti-Discrimination Amendment Bill giving full protection of sex workers making it the first region in the world to do so.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Queensland">Queensland</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Queensland">edit</a>]</div> Since full implementation on 2 August 2024 under <a href="/wiki/Proclamation" title="Proclamation">proclamation</a> sex work within Queensland has been formally decriminalised and brothels are allowed and permitted. There is still official restrictions on sex work that are “near or close proximity to schools, hospitals and churches” within legislation.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_5">History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Much emphasis was placed in colonial <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> on the role of immigration and the indigenous population in introducing and sustaining prostitution, while organisations such as the Social Purity Society described what they interpreted as widespread female depravity. Concerns led to the Act for the Suppression of Contagious Diseases 1868 (31 Vict. No. 40), part of a widespread legislative attempt to control prostitution throughout the British Empire through incarceration in lock hospitals. Brothels were defined in section 231 of the Queensland Criminal Code in 1897, which explicitly defined 'bawdy houses' in 1901. A further act relating to venereal disease control was the Health Act Amendment Act 1911 (2 Geo. V. No. 26). Solicitation was an offence under Clause 132E, and could lead to a fine or imprisonment. Other measures included the long-standing vagrancy laws and local by-laws. The <a href="/wiki/Fitzgerald_Inquiry" title="Fitzgerald Inquiry">Fitzgerald Report</a> (Commission of Inquiry into "Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct") of 1989 led to widespread concern regarding the operation of the laws, and consequently a more specific inquiry (Criminal Justice Commission. Regulating morality? An inquiry into prostitution in Queensland) in 1991. This in turn resulted in two pieces of legislation, the Prostitution Laws Amendment Act 1992 and the Prostitution Act 1999.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Crime_and_Misconduct_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime and Misconduct Commission">Crime and Misconduct Commission</a> reported on the regulation of prostitution in 2004,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> and on outcall work in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-dickson-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Five amendments were introduced between 1999 and 2010. In August 2009 the Prostitution and Other Acts Amendment Bill 2009 was introduced<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> and assented to in September, becoming the Prostitution and Other Acts Amendment Act 2010<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> proclaimed in March 2011. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_Australia">South Australia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: South Australia">edit</a>]</div> Brothels are illegal in South Australia, under the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> and the Summary Offences Act 1953.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Soliciting in public places (maximum penalty of $750), receiving money from the prostitution of another, and procuring are illegal ($2,500 or jail for six months), but the act of prostitution itself is not.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriggs2019-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_6">History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_era_2">Early era</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Early era">edit</a>]</div> Despite the intentions of the founders, prostitution became identified early in the history of the colony, known as the 'social evil', and various government reports during the nineteenth century refer to estimates of the number of people working in prostitution. In 1842, within six years of the founding of the colony, it was reported that there were now "large numbers of females who are living by a life of prostitution in the city of Adelaide, out of all proportion to the respectable population".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The Police Act 1844<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> set penalties for prostitutes found in public houses or public places<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> This was consistent with the <a href="/wiki/Vagrancy_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vagrancy (people)">vagrancy</a> laws then operating throughout the British Empire and remained the effective legislation for most of the remainder of the century, although it had little effect despite harsher penalties enacted in 1863 and 1869. <a href="#cite_note-SAMemory-111">[111]</a> Following the scandal described by <a href="/wiki/WT_Stead" class="mw-redirect" title="WT Stead">WT Stead</a> in the UK, there was much discussion of the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">white slave trade</a> in Adelaide, and with the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Social_purity_movement" title="Social purity movement">Social Purity Society</a> of South Australia in 1882 along similar lines to that in other countries, similar legislation to the UK Criminal Law Consolidation Amendment Act 1885 was enacted, making it an offence to procure the defilement of a female by fraud or threat (the 1885 Protection of Young Persons Act).<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Opinions were divided as to whether to address the issue of prostitution by social reform and 'prevention', or by legislation, and many debates were held concerning the need for licensing and regulation.<a href="#cite_note-SAMemory-111">[111]</a> The twentieth century saw the Suppression of Brothels Bill 1907, the Venereal Diseases Act of 1920, the Police Act 1936 and Police Offences Act 1953.<a href="#cite_note-SAMemory-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_era_2">Modern era</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Modern era">edit</a>]</div> While current legislation is based on acts of parliament from the 1930s and 1950s, at least six unsuccessful attempts have been made to reform the laws, starting in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-page3-113">[113]</a> In 1978 one of many inquires was launched. Parliament voted a select committee of inquiry in August,<a href="#cite_note-page3-113">[113]</a> renewed following the <a href="/wiki/1979_South_Australian_state_election" title="1979 South Australian state election">1979 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-page3-113">[113]</a> The Evidence Act 1978 was amended to allow witness immunity.<a href="#cite_note-page3-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Millhouse_(1980)">Millhouse (1980)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Millhouse (1980)">edit</a>]</div> The committee report (1980) recommended decriminalisation.<a href="#cite_note-page3-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robin_Millhouse" title="Robin Millhouse">Robin Millhouse</a>'s (former <a href="/wiki/Liberal_and_Country_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal and Country League">Liberal</a> Attorney-General, but then a <a href="/wiki/New_LM" class="mw-redirect" title="New LM">new LM</a> and finally <a href="/wiki/Australian_Democrats" title="Australian Democrats">Democrat</a> MLA) introduced (27 February 1980) a bill entitled "A Bill for an Act to give effect to the recommendations of the Select Committee of Inquiry into prostitution."<a href="#cite_note-page4-114">[114]</a> It generated considerable opposition in the community and failed on a tied vote in the Assembly on 11 February 1981.<a href="#cite_note-page4-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pickles_(1986)">Pickles (1986)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Pickles (1986)">edit</a>]</div> A further bill was introduced in 1986 (Carolyn Pickles <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">ALP</a> <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_South_Australian_Legislative_Council,_1985%E2%80%931989" title="Members of the South Australian Legislative Council, 1985–1989">MLC</a> 1985–2002) but dropped on 18 March 1987 due to Liberal opposition and community pressure, with a 13–2 vote.<a href="#cite_note-page4-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Gilfillan_(1991)">Gilfillan (1991)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Gilfillan (1991)">edit</a>]</div> A number of issues kept sex work in the public eye during 1990 and 1991. The next development occurred on 8 February 1991 when <a href="/wiki/Ian_Gilfillan" title="Ian Gilfillan">Ian Gilfillan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australian_Democrats" title="Australian Democrats">Australian Democrat</a> MLC 1982–83) stated he would introduce a decriminalisation private members bill. He did so on 10 April 1991<a href="#cite_note-page6-115">[115]</a> but it met opposition from groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Uniting_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniting Church">Uniting Church</a> and it lapsed when parliament recessed for the winter.<a href="#cite_note-page6-115">[115]</a> Although he introduced a similar bill on 21 August 1991 but on 29 April 1992 a motion passed that resulted in the bill being withdrawn in favour of a reference to the Social Development Committee,<a href="#cite_note-page6-115">[115]</a> although little was achieved by the latter during this time. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Brindal_(1993)">Brindal (1993)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Brindal (1993)">edit</a>]</div> Another bill came in 1993 and then <a href="/wiki/Mark_Brindal" title="Mark Brindal">Mark Brindal</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a> backbencher, produced a discussion paper on decriminalisation in November 1994, and on 9 February 1995 he introduced a private member's bill (Prostitution (Decriminalisation) Bill) to decriminalise prostitution and the Prostitution Regulation Bill on 23 February. He had been considered to have a better chance of success than the previous initiatives due to a "sunrise clause" which would set a time frame for a parliamentary debate prior to it coming into effect. He twice attempted to get decriminalisation bills passed, although his party opposed this.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The Decriminalisation Bill was discharged on 6 July, and the Regulation Bill was defeated on 17 July.<a href="#cite_note-page6-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Cameron_(1998)">Cameron (1998)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Cameron (1998)">edit</a>]</div> Meanwhile, the Committee released its final report on 21 August 1996,<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> but it was not till 25 March 1998 that <a href="/wiki/Terry_Cameron" title="Terry Cameron">Terry Cameron</a> MLC (ALP 1995–2006) introduced a bill based on it. It had little support and lapsed when parliament recessed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Brokenshire_(1999)">Brokenshire (1999)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Brokenshire (1999)">edit</a>]</div> The Liberal Police Minister, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brokenshire" title="Robert Brokenshire">Robert Brokenshire</a>, introduced four Bills in 1999, the Prostitution (Licensing) Bill 1999, the Prostitution (Registration) Bill 1999, the Prostitution (Regulation) Bill 1999 and the Summary Offences (Prostitution) Bill 1999, to revise the laws and decriminalise prostitution. The Prostitution (Regulation) Bill was passed by the <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_House_of_Assembly" title="South Australian House of Assembly">House of Assembly</a> and received by the <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Legislative_Council" title="South Australian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a> on 13 July 2000, but defeated on 17 July 2001, 12:7.<a href="#cite_note-SAMemory-111">[111]</a> The Bill was also supported by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Democrats" title="Australian Democrats">Australian Democrats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The then Minister for the status of Women, <a href="/wiki/Diana_Laidlaw" title="Diana Laidlaw">Diana Laidlaw</a> is said to have been moved to tears, and called her colleagues "gutless". Another MLC, <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Kanck" title="Sandra Kanck">Sandra Kanck</a> (Australian Democrat 1993–2009) angrily stated that sex workers had been "thrown to the wolves by Parliament".<a href="#cite_note-seven-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Key–Gago_(2012–2013)">Key–Gago (2012–2013)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Key–Gago (2012–2013)">edit</a>]</div> No further attempts to reform the law were made for some time, however in 2010 a governing <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> backbencher and former minister, <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Key" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephanie Key">Stephanie Key</a>, announced she would introduce a private members decriminalisation bill.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Religious groups immediately organised opposition,<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> although the opposition Liberals promised to consider it.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Consultations with the blackmarket industry continued<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> and in June 2011 she outlined her intended legislation to amend the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 and the Summary Offences Act 1953 to ensure sex workers had the same industrial rights and responsibilities as other workers, that minors under the age of 18 years were not involved in or associated with sex work, preventing sex services premises from being established within 200 metres of schools, centres for children or places of worship, allowing local government to regulate public amenity, noise, signage and location in relation to sex services premises with more than three workers, promote safe sex education and practice by clients and sex workers, and enable sex workers to report criminal matters to the police like in a similar matter to other citizens, but not where workers could report victims of abuse for intervention assistance or men who sought out such young women as potential rapists or pedophiles.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> She presented her proposals to the Caucus in September 2011,<a href="#cite_note-seven-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> and tabled a motion on 24 November 2011 "That she have leave to introduce a Bill for an Act to decriminalise prostitution and regulate the sex work industry; to amend the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935, the Equal Opportunity Act 1984, the Fair Work Act 1994, the Summary Offences Act 1953 and the Workers Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1986; and for other purpose".<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The proposal was opposed by the <a href="/wiki/Family_First_Party" title="Family First Party">Family First Party</a> that had ten per cent of the votes in the <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Legislative_Council" title="South Australian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a>, where Robert Brokenshire now opposed decriminalisation.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> However Police Commissioner, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal_Hyde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mal Hyde (page does not exist)">Mal Hyde</a>, stated that the laws need to change.<a href="#cite_note-seven-119">[119]</a> After considerable discussion and some compromises the Sex Work Reform Bill<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> was introduced in May 2012, but was defeated by one vote, 20 to 19 in a conscience vote on second reading in November 2012.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Status of Women Minister <a href="/wiki/Gail_Gago" title="Gail Gago">Gail Gago</a> introduced a similar bill in the Legislative Council, but withdrew it following the defeat of Stephanie Key's Bill.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Key introduced another Bill<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> in May 2013.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Lensink–Key–Chapman–Franks_(2015–2019)">Lensink–Key–Chapman–Franks (2015–2019)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Lensink–Key–Chapman–Franks (2015–2019)">edit</a>]</div> On 1 July 2015 <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Lensink" title="Michelle Lensink">Michelle Lensink</a> Liberal MLC introduced an updated version of the Key-Gago legislation as a <a href="/wiki/Private_Member%27s_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Member's Bill">Private Member's Bill</a> to the South Australian Legislative Council (53rd Parliament),<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> the Statutes Amendment (Decriminalisation of Sex Work) Bill (LC44). Key and Lensink collaborated across party lines to develop the legislation, sexual exploitation being the obvious potential in an industry like this, and its introduction to the Legislative Council was intended to test key elements of the legislation with important opponents in the upper house.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDayman2015-137">[137]</a> The Bill passed the upper house on 6 July 2017 but did not proceed past a <a href="/wiki/Second_reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Second reading">second reading</a> on 19 October 2017 in the Assembly, due to <a href="/wiki/Prorogation" title="Prorogation">prorogation</a> prior to the <a href="/wiki/2018_South_Australian_state_election" title="2018 South Australian state election">election</a> the following March, which led to a change of government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESALT2019-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoisvert2018-139">[139]</a> The Bill sought to decriminalise sex work by a number of legislative amendments. It would delete the term "common prostitute" from the Criminal Law Consolidation Act (1935) and Summary Offences Act (1953). In addition it would remove common law offences relating to sex work and add "sex work" to the Equal Opportunity Act making discrimination against a person for being a sex worker an offence. Criminal records relating to sex work, including brothels, would be deleted by amending the Spent Convictions Act. The Return to Work Act would be amended to recognise commercial sexual services as in any other business. Sex workers would also be covered under the Work Health and Safety Act<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond2019-140">[140]</a> A further attempt to introduce the same Bill (Decriminalisation of Sex Work Bill LC2) was made on 9 May 2018 (54th Parliament), also as a private member's bill sponsored by the Attorney-General <a href="/wiki/Vickie_Chapman" title="Vickie Chapman">Vickie Chapman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Franks" title="Tammy Franks">Tammy Franks</a> MLC (Greens), and with the support of Liberal Premier <a href="/wiki/Steven_Marshall" title="Steven Marshall">Steven Marshall</a>. Statistics published at the time showed that only four people had been fined for offering prostitution services in public between 1 October 2016 and 30 September 2019. In that period, 57 fines for other sex work offences, mainly for managing a brothel or receiving money in a brothel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriggs2019a-141">[141]</a> The bill was again passed in the Legislative Council on 20 June 2019, but this time was defeated in the Assembly 24 to 19 on 13 November 2019 on a <a href="/wiki/Conscience_vote" title="Conscience vote">conscience vote</a> on second reading.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESALT2019-138">[138]</a> This was the thirteenth bill to fail over a 20-year time period.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriggs2019-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tasmania">Tasmania</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Tasmania">edit</a>]</div> Prostitution is legal, but it is illegal for a person to employ or otherwise control or profit from the work of individual sex workers. The Sex Industry Offences Act 2005<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> states that a person must not be a commercial operator of a sexual services business – that is, "someone who is not a self-employed sex worker and who, whether alone or with another person, operates, owns, manages or is in day-to-day control of a sexual services business". Street prostitution is illegal.<a href="#cite_note-catwa-143">[143]</a> This law explicitly outlines that it is illegal to assault a sex worker, to receive commercial sexual services, or provide or receive sexual services unless a <a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">prophylactic</a> is used.<a href="#cite_note-scarletalliance-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_7">History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Prostitution has existed in <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> (known as <a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a> prior to 1856) since its early days as a penal colony, when large numbers of convict women started arriving in the 1820s. Some of the women who were transported there already had criminal records related to prostitution, but most were labelled as such, despite it not being either illegal or grounds for deportation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeppard2013-145">[145]</a> Prostitution was not so much a profession as a way of life for some women to make ends meet, particularly in a society in which there was a marked imbalance of gender, and convict women had no other means of income.<a href="#cite_note-artefact-146">[146]</a> Certainly brothels were established by the end of the 1820s, and records show girls as young as 12 were involved,<a href="#cite_note-artefact-146">[146]</a> while prostitution was associated with the female factory at <a href="/wiki/Cascades,_Tasmania" title="Cascades, Tasmania">Cascades</a>. Nevertheless, the concept of 'fallen women' and division of women into 'good' and 'bad' was well established. In an attempt to produce some law and order the Vagrancy Act 1824 was introduced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVDL2015-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1989-148">[148]</a> The Van Diemen's Land Asylum for the Protection of Destitute and Unfortunate Females (1848) was the first establishment for women so designated. Other attempts were the Penitent's Homes and Magdalen Asylums as rescue missions. In 1879 like other British colonies, Tasmania passed a Contagious Diseases Act (based on similar UK legislation of the 1860s),<a href="#cite_note-artefact-146">[146]</a> and established Lock Hospitals in an attempt to prevent venereal diseases amongst the armed forces, at the instigation of the Royal Navy. The Act ceased to operate in 1903 in the face of repeal movements. However, there was little attempt to suppress prostitution itself. What action there was against prostitution was mainly to keep it out of the public eye, using vagrancy laws.<a href="#cite_note-artefact-146">[146]</a> Otherwise the police ignored or colluded with prostitution. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Twentieth_century">Twentieth century</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Twentieth century">edit</a>]</div> More specific legislation dates from the early twentieth century, such as the Criminal Code Act 1924 (Crimes against Morality), and the Police Offences Act 1935.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Efforts to reform legislation that was clearly ineffective began in the 1990s. Prior to the 2005 Act, soliciting by a prostitute, living on the earnings of a prostitute, keeping a disorderly house and letting a house to a tenant to use as a disorderly house were criminal offences. Sole workers and escort work, which was the main form of prostitution in the stat, were legal in Tasmania. Reform was suggested by a government committee in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> In December 2002 Cabinet agreed to the drafting of legislation and in September 2003, approved the release of the draft Sex Industry Regulation Bill for consultation. The Bill proposed registration for operators of sexual services businesses.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Consultation with agencies, local government, interested persons and organisations occurred during 2004, resulting in the Sex Industry Regulation Bill 2004 being tabled in Parliament in June 2005.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> The Bill was supported by sex workers,<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The Bill included offence provisions to ensure that Tasmania met its international obligations under the United Nations Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (signed by Australia in 2001.) It passed the House of Assembly and was tabled in the Legislative Council, where it was soon clear that it would not be passed, and was subsequently lost. It was replaced by the Sex Industry Offences Act 2005. Essentially, in response to protests the Government moved from a position of liberalising to one of further criminalising. The Act that was passed consolidated and clarified the existing law in relation to sex work by providing that it was legal to be a sex worker and provide sexual services but that it was illegal for a person to employ or otherwise control or profit from the work of individual sex workers. A review clause was included because of the uncertainty as to what the right way to proceed was. The Act commenced 1 January 2006.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2008_review">2008 review</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: 2008 review">edit</a>]</div> In 2008, the Justice Department conducted a review of the 2005 Act and received a number of submissions, in accordance with the provisions of the Act. <a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> The report was tabled in June 2009<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> and expressed concerns about the effectiveness of the legislation, and suggested considering alternatives. In June 2010, the Attorney-General <a href="/wiki/Lara_Giddings" title="Lara Giddings">Lara Giddings</a> announced the Government was going to proceed with reform, using former Attorney-General <a href="/wiki/Judy_Jackson" title="Judy Jackson">Judy Jackson</a>'s 2003 draft legislation as a starting point.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Giddings became the Premier in a minority ALP government in January 2011. However, her Attorney-general, former premier <a href="/wiki/David_Bartlett" title="David Bartlett">David Bartlett</a>, did not favour this position<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> but resigned shortly afterwards, being succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Wightman_(politician)" title="Brian Wightman (politician)">Brian Wightman</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2012_review">2012 review</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: 2012 review">edit</a>]</div> Wightman released a discussion paper in January 2012.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETasmania_Justice2012a-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETasmania_Justice2012-160">[160]</a> This was opposed by religious conservative groups, some feminist groups as well as community organisations with concerns about the potential a legalised sex industry to bring organised crime to the state, and included presentations from other States such as <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jeffreys" title="Sheila Jeffreys">Sheila Jeffreys</a>. The government invited submissions on the discussion paper until the end of March, and received responses from a wide range of individuals and groups.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Wightman declined to refer the matter to the Law Reform Institute.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> After the review Wightman stated that there were no plans to make prostitution illegal "Legal issues around the sex industry can be emotive and personal for many people... The Government's top priority is the health and safety of sex workers and the Tasmanian community."<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Victoria">Victoria</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Victoria">edit</a>]</div> Victoria decriminalised sex work on 1 December 2023, by repealing the Sex Work Act 1994.<a href="#cite_note-:3-19">[19]</a> This means that brothels no longer need to be licensed, and offenses such as a sex worker working with a <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">sexually transmitted infection</a> were repealed. The only offense remaining for street-based sex work is loitering or soliciting for sex work "at or near" a school, education or care service, children's service, or place of worship between the hours of 6am and 7pm, or at any time on prescribed "days of religious significance" at or near a specific religion's places of worship, being:<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <ul><li>For <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a> churches: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>,</li> <li>Saturday before Easter Sunday,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> (Note: the prescribed days of Easter are different for <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> churches, whose Easter date is determined by the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> instead of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, on which the Victorian Easter public holidays and most other Christian churchs' Easter dates rely on.) <ul><li>For <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> mosques: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> (a period of 30 days)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> (day after the end of Ramadan).</li></ul></li> <li>For <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> synagogues: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a> (a period of 2 days)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a> (a period of 8 days).</li></ul></li></ul> No other "days of religious significance" have been prescribed. Other offenses exist such as a business owner or manager allowing a person aged between 18 months and 18 years of age to enter or remain in a sexual services business except if that premises is primarily used as a residence.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Additionally, it is against the law to discriminate against someone, for example in rental applications or in employment, on the basis of "lawful sexual activity" under the Equal Opportunity Act 2010, and this includes sex work.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_8">History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Victoria has a long history of debating prostitution, and was the first State to advocate regulation (as opposed to decriminalisation in New South Wales) rather than suppression of prostitution. Legislative approaches and public opinion in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> have gradually moved from advocating prohibition to control through regulation. While much of the activities surrounding prostitution were initially criminalised de jure, de facto the situation was one of toleration and containment of 'a necessary evil'.<a href="#cite_note-swaa2011-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="19th_century">19th century</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> Laws against prostitution existed from the founding of the State in 1851. The Vagrant Act 1852<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> included prostitution as riotous and indecent behaviour carrying a penalty of imprisonment for up to 12 months with the possibility of hard labour (Part II, s 3).<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> The Conservation of Public Health Act 1878<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> required detention and medical examination of women suspected of being prostitutes, <a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> corresponding to the <a href="/wiki/Contagious_Diseases_Acts" title="Contagious Diseases Acts">Contagious Diseases Acts</a> in other parts of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. This Act was not repealed till 1916, but was relatively ineffective either in controlling venereal diseases or prostitution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrances1994-10">[10]</a> The Crimes Act 1891 included specific prohibitions under PART II.—Suppression of Prostitution<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Procurement (ss 14–17) or detention (ss 18–21) of women either through inducements or violence to work as prostitutes was prohibited, with particular reference to underage girls. The Police Offences Act 1891<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> separated riotous and indecent behaviour from prostitution, making it a specific offence for a prostitute to 'importune' a person in public (s 7(2)).<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Despite the laws, prostitution flourished, the block of Melbourne bounded by La Trobe Street, Spring Street, Lonsdale Street and Exhibition Street being the main <a href="/wiki/Red_light_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Red light district">red light district</a>, and their madams were well known. An attempt at suppression in 1898 was ineffectual.<a href="#cite_note-swaa2011-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Early 20th century">edit</a>]</div> The Police Offences Act 1907<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> prohibited 'brothel keeping', leasing a premise for the purpose of a brothel, and living off prostitution (ss 5, 6). Despite a number of additional legislative responses in the early years of the century, enforcement was patchy at best. Eventually amongst drug use scandals, brothels were shut down in the 1930s. All of these laws were explicitly directed against women, other than living on the avails. In the 1970s brothels evaded prohibition by operating as 'massage parlours', leading to pressure to regulate them, since public attitudes were moving more towards regulation rather than prohibition.<a href="#cite_note-poliyics-176">[176]</a> Initial attempts involved planning laws, when in 1975 the Melbourne Metropolitan Planning Scheme allowed for the operation of these parlours, even though they were known to be brothels, indeed the approval process required assurances that they would not be operated as such but this was not enforced. Community concerns were loudest in the traditional <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> stroll area of <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St. Kilda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Late_20th_century:_From_prohibition_to_regulation">Late 20th century: From prohibition to regulation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Late 20th century: From prohibition to regulation">edit</a>]</div> A Working Party was assembled in 1984 and led to the Planning (Brothel) Act 1984,<a href="#cite_note-saltskakers-178">[178]</a> as a new approach. Part of the political bargaining involved in passing the act was the promise to set up a wider inquiry. The inquiry was chaired by <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Neave" title="Marcia Neave">Marcia Neave</a>, and reported in 1985. The recommendations to allow brothels to operate legally under regulation tried to avoid some of the issues that arose in New South Wales in 1979. It was hoped that regulation would allow better control of prostitution and at the same time reduce street work. The Government attempted to implement these in the Prostitution Regulation Act 1986.<a href="#cite_note-saltskakers-178">[178]</a> However, as in other States, the bill ran into considerable opposition in the upper house,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> was extensively amended, and consequently many parts were not proclaimed. This created an incoherent patchwork approach. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="21st_century">21st century</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> In February 2022, Victoria passed legislation to decriminalise sex work. The Sex Work Decriminalisation Act 2021 will partially abolish street-based sex work offences and associated public health offences, remove the licensing system and move to regulate the industry through existing agencies."<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> From 1 December 2023, a sex services business will be able to operate exactly the same way as any other business in Victoria.<a href="#cite_note-:4-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regulatory_framework">Regulatory framework</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Regulatory framework">edit</a>]</div> In 1992 a working group was set up by the Attorney-General, which resulted in the Prostitution Control Act 1994 (PCA) <a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> (now known as the Sex Work Act 1994<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a>) This Act legalises and regulates the operations of <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Escort_agency" title="Escort agency">escort agencies</a> in Victoria. The difference between the two is that in the case of a brothel clients come to the place of business, which is subject to local council planning controls. In the case of an escort agency, clients phone the agency and arrange for a sex worker to come to their homes or motels. A brothel must obtain a permit from the local council (Section 21A). A brothel or escort agency must not advertise its services. (Section 18) Also, a brothel operator must not allow alcohol to be consumed at the brothel, (Section 21) nor apply for a liquor licence for the premises; nor may they allow a person under the age of 18 years to enter a brothel nor employ as a sex worker a person under 18 years of age, (Section 11A) though the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">age of consent</a> in Victoria is 16 years.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> Owner-operated brothels and private escort workers are not required to obtain a licence, but must be registered, and escorts from brothels are permitted. If only one or two sex workers run a brothel or escort agency, which does not employ other sex workers, they also do not need a licence, but are required to be registered. However, in all other cases, the operator of a brothel or escort agency must be licensed. The licensing process enables the licensing authority to check on any criminal history of an applicant. All new brothels are limited to having no more than six rooms. However, larger brothels which existed before the Act was passed were automatically given licences and continue to operate, though cannot increase the number of rooms. Sex workers employed by licensed brothels are not required to be licensed or registered.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> A person under 18 years is not permitted to be a sex worker (sections 5–7), and sex work must not be <a href="/wiki/Forced_prostitution" title="Forced prostitution">forced</a> (section 8) Amending Acts were passed in 1997 and 1999, and a report on the state of sex work in Victoria issued in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> More substantial amendments followed in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> The Consumer Affairs Legislation Amendment Act 2010<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> came into effect in November 2010. 'Prostitution' was replaced by 'Sex Work' throughout. The Act is now referred to as the Sex Work Act 1994. In 2011 further amendments were introduced,<a href="#cite_note-swaa2011-167">[167]</a> and assented to in December 2011. In addition to the Sex Work Act 1994, it amends the Confiscation Act 1997 and the Confiscation Amendment Act 2010. The stated purposes of the Act<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> is to assign and clarify responsibility for the monitoring, investigation and enforcement of provisions of the Sex Work Act; to continue the ban on street prostitution.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> As part of the Sex Work Decriminalisation Act 2021, the Sex Work Act 1994 was completely repealed, effective from 1 December 2023. The only remaining consensual adult prostitution related offenses are loitering or soliciting for sex work at or near a place of worship or school at specific times, which are contained in the Summary Offenses Act 1966. Other offenses relating to children and non consensual prostitution were also transferred to other Acts. All regulatory and planning functions for brothels and other sex businesses now operate the same as any other business, with workplaces subject to <a href="/wiki/WorkSafe_Victoria" title="WorkSafe Victoria">WorkSafe Victoria</a> requirements and subject to the Victorian Planning Provisions.<a href="#cite_note-:4-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s_perspectives_and_reviews">2000s perspectives and reviews</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: 2000s perspectives and reviews">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Premises-based_sex_work">Premises-based sex work</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Premises-based sex work">edit</a>]</div> In November 2005, 95 licensed brothels existed in Victoria and a total of 2007 small owner-operators were registered in the state (Of these, 2003 were escort agents, two were brothels, and two were combined brothels and escort agents.) Of the 95 licensed brothels, 505 rooms existed and four rooms were located in small exempt brothels. Of 157 licensed prostitution service providers (i.e. operators), 47 were brothels, 23 were escort agencies and 87 were combined brothel-escort agencies.<a href="#cite_note-Mary-191">[191]</a> In March 2011, government data showed the existence of 98 licensed brothels in Victoria.<a href="#cite_note-Paul-192">[192]</a> Based on the statements of William Albon, a representative of the Australian Adult Entertainment Industry (AAEI) (formerly the Australian Adult Entertainment Association (AAEA)), the number of illegal brothels in Victoria was estimated as 400 in 2008,<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> with this estimation rising to 7,000 in 2011. In 2011 News.com.au published an estimate of 400 illegal brothels in the Melbourne metropolitan area—the article cited the news outlet's engagement with the Victorian State Government's Business Licensing Authority (BLA), the body responsible for registering owner-operated sex work businesses, but does not clarify from where or whom it obtained the estimate.<a href="#cite_note-Paul-192">[192]</a> However, a 2006 study conducted by the University of Melbourne, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Victoria's <a href="/wiki/The_Alfred_Hospital" title="The Alfred Hospital">Alfred Hospital</a>, concluded that "The number of unlicensed brothels in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> is much smaller than is generally believed." The study's results presented an estimate of between 13 and 70 unlicensed brothels in Melbourne, and the method used by the researchers involved a systematically analysis of the language used in advertisements from Melbourne newspapers published in July 2006 to identify sex industry venues that were indicated a likelihood of being unlicensed. A total of 438 advertisements, representing 174 separate establishments, were analysed.<a href="#cite_note-Chen-194">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Street_sex_work">Street sex work</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Street sex work">edit</a>]</div> An advisory group was founded in March 2001 by the Attorney-General at the time, Rob Hulls, which solely examined the issues pertaining to the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Port_Phillip" title="City of Port Phillip">City of Port Phillip</a>, as the suburb of <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St. Kilda</a> is a metropolitan location in which a significant level of street prostitution occurred. The Advisory Group consisted of residents, traders, street-based sex workers, welfare agencies, the City of Port Phillip, the State Government and Victoria Police, and released the final report after a 12-month period.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> The Executive Summary of the report states: <blockquote> The Advisory Group seeks to use law enforcement strategies to manage and, where possible, reduce street sex work in the City of Port Phillip to the greatest extent possible, while providing support and protection for residents, traders and workers. It proposes a harm minimisation approach to create opportunities for street sex workers to leave the industry and establish arrangements under which street sex work can be conducted without workers and residents suffering violence and abuse ... A two-year trial of tolerance areas and the establishment of street worker centres represents the foundation of the package proposed by the Advisory Group. Tolerance areas would provide defined geographic zones in which clients could pick-up street sex workers. The areas would be selected following rigorous scrutiny of appropriate locations by the City of Port Phillip, and a comprehensive process of community consultation. Tolerance areas would be created as a Local Priority Policing initiative and enshrined in an accord. Ongoing monitoring would be undertaken by the City of Port Phillip Local Safety Committee.<a href="#cite_note-Rob-196">[196]</a></blockquote> The concluding chapter of the report is entitled "The Way Forward" and lists four recommendations that were devised in light of the publication of the report. The four recommendations are listed as: a transparent process; an implementation plan; a community consultation; and the completion of an evaluation.<a href="#cite_note-Rob-196">[196]</a> The June 2010 Victorian Recommendations of the Drug and Crime Prevention Committee were released nearly a decade later and, according to SA: <blockquote> ... if implemented, will criminalise, marginalise and further hurt migrant and non- migrant sex workers in Victoria; a group who already face the most overbearing regulatory structures and health policies pertaining to sex workers in Australia, and enjoy occupational health and safety worse than that of their criminalised colleagues (Western Australia) and far behind those in a decriminalised setting (New South Wales).<a href="#cite_note-Rec-197">[197]</a></blockquote> Alongside numerous other organisations and individuals, SA released its response to the recommendations of the Committee that were divided into two sections: 1. Opposition to all of the recommendations of the Victorian Parliamentary Inquiry 2. Recommendations from the Victorian Parliamentary Committee to the Commonwealth Government. The list of organisations in support of SA's response included <a href="/wiki/EMPOWER" title="EMPOWER">Empower Foundation, Thailand</a>; COSWAS, Collective of Sex Workers and Supporters, Taiwan; TAMPEP (European Network for HIV/STI Prevention and Health Promotion among Migrant Sex Workers); Sex Workers Outreach Project USA; Maria McMahon, Former Manager Sex Workers Outreach Project NSW and Sex Services Planning Advisory Panel, NSW Government; and Christine Harcourt, Researcher, Law & Sex Worker Health Project (LASH) for the University of NSW National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research and Faculty of Law and University of Melbourne Sexual Health Unit School of Population Health.<a href="#cite_note-Rec-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="HIV">HIV</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: HIV">edit</a>]</div> In terms of HIV, a 2010 journal article by the Scarlet Alliance (SA) organisation—based on research conducted in 2008—explained that it is illegal for a HIV-positive sex worker to engage in sex work in Victoria; although, it is not illegal for a HIV-positive client to hire the services of sex workers. Additionally, according to the exact wording of the SA document, "It is not a legal requirement to disclose HIV status prior to sexual intercourse; however, it is an offence to intentionally or recklessly infect someone with HIV."<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economics">Economics</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Economics">edit</a>]</div> Between 1995 and 1998, the Prostitution Control Board, a state government body, collected $991,000 Australian in prostitution licensing fees. In addition, hoteliers, casinos, taxi drivers, clothing manufacturers and retailers, newspapers, advertising agencies, and other logically related businesses profit from prostitution in the state. One prostitution business in Australia is publicly traded on the Australian stock exchange.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Against_Trafficking_in_Women" title="Coalition Against Trafficking in Women">Coalition Against Trafficking in Women</a> Australia (CATWA) members <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jeffreys" title="Sheila Jeffreys">Sheila Jeffreys</a> and Mary Sullivan in a 2001 article criticised the 1984 Labor government decision to legalise prostitution in Victoria. They explained the legislative shift as follows: "The prohibition of prostitution was seen to be ineffective against a highly visible massage parlour trade (a euphemism for brothels), increasing street prostitution, criminal involvement and drug use."<a href="#cite_note-Mary-191">[191]</a> The authors used the term "harm minimization" to describe the objective of the Labor government at the time, and the oppositional Coalition government elected in 1992 decided to continue this policy.<a href="#cite_note-Mary-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> Sullivan and Jeffreys defined sex work as "commercial sexual violence", and argued that the aim to eliminate organised crime from the sex industry had failed.<a href="#cite_note-Mary-191">[191]</a> In a 2005 study Mary Sullivan of CATWA stated that prostitution businesses made revenues of A$1,780 million in 2004/5 and that the sex industry was growing at a rate of 4.6% annually (a rate higher than GDP). In the state of Victoria, there were 3.1 million instances of buying sex per year as compared with a total male population of 1.3 million men.<a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-201">[201]</a>: 6  She stated that women made up 90% of the labour force in the industry in Victoria and earned, on average, A$400–$500 per week, did not receive holiday or sick pay, and worked on average four 10-hour shifts per week. According to her report, there had been an overall growth in the industry since legalisation in the mid-1980s and that with increased competition between prostitution businesses, earnings had decreased. She estimated the total number of women working in the sex trade to be 3,000 to 4,000 in the mid-1980s, opposed to 4500 women in the legal trade alone in 2005, estimating the illegal trade to be 4 to 5 times larger.<a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-201">[201]</a>: 5–6  Sullivan's study stated that the sex industry was run by six large companies, which tended to control a wide array of prostitution operations, making self-employment very difficult.<a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-201">[201]</a>: 8–9  She claimed brothels took 50% to 60% of the money paid by clients, and that one agency threatened a worker with a fine if she refused a customer.<a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-201">[201]</a>: 7  Sullivan also alleged that legal businesses were commonly used by criminal elements as a front to launder money from human trafficking, underage prostitution, and other illicit enterprises.<a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-201">[201]</a>: 14  Sullivan's claims have been widely disputed.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodyear_et_al2007-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Western_Australia">Western Australia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Western Australia">edit</a>]</div> Like other Australian states, Western Australia has had a long history of debates and attempts to reform prostitution laws. In the absence of reform, varying degrees of toleration have existed. The current legislation is the Prostitution Act 2000,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEProstitution_Act2000-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScarlet_Alliance_WA2016-207">[207]</a> with some offences under the Criminal Code, Health Act 1911 (addressing <a href="/wiki/Venereal_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Venereal diseases">venereal diseases</a>) and the Liquor Control Act 1988 (prohibiting a prostitute from being on licensed premises). Prostitution itself is legal, but many activities associated with it, such as pimping and running brothels, are illegal. Despite the fact that brothels are illegal, the state has a long history of tolerating and unofficially regulating them. Street offences are addressed in Ss. 5 and 6 of the Prostitution Act, while brothels are prohibited (including living on the earnings) under S. 190 of the Criminal Code (2004). Procuring is covered under both acts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010-208">[208]</a> Asian workers form a significant section of the workforce and experience a disproportionate amount of social and health problems.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelvey_et_al2018-209">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_9">History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_period">Early period</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Early period">edit</a>]</div> Legislation addressing prostitution in Western Australia dates from the introduction of English law in 1829, specifically prohibiting bawdy houses (Interpretation Act).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010-208">[208]</a> Prostitution in Western Australia has been intimately tied to the history of gold mining.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzgerald2012-210">[210]</a> In these areas a quasi-official arrangement existed between premise owners and the authorities. This was frequently justified as a harm reduction measure. Like other Australian colonies, legislation tended to be influenced by developments in Britain. The Police Act 1892 was no different, establishing penalties for soliciting or vagrancy, while the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1892 dealt with procurement. Brothel keepers were prosecuted under the Municipal Institutions Act 1895, by which all municipalities had passed brothel suppression by-laws by 1905.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLRWG2007-211">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Twentieth_century_2">Twentieth century</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Twentieth century">edit</a>]</div> Laws were further strengthened by the Police Act Amendment Act 1902, and Criminal Code 1902.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrances1994-10">[10]</a> Despite this the brothels of <a href="/wiki/Kalgoorlie" title="Kalgoorlie">Kalgoorlie</a> were legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKewon2005-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWAM2016-213">[213]</a> Prostitution was much debated in the media and parliament, but despite much lobbying, venereal diseases were not included in the Health Act 1911. Prostitution was also dealt with by the Criminal Code 1913. The war years and the large number of military personnel in <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth, Western Australia">Perth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fremantle,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fremantle, Western Australia">Fremantle</a> concentrated attention on the issue, however during much of Western Australian history, control of prostitution was largely a police affair rather than a parliamentary one, as a process of "containment", in which brothels were tolerated in exchange for a level of cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeitzer2009-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzgerald2012-210">[210]</a> Consequently, the names and addresses of prostitutes remain recorded in the official records.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESLWA2015-215">[215]</a> This policy originated in Kalgoorlie, and later appeared in Perth. The informal containment policy, dating from 1900,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010-208">[208]</a> was replaced by a more formal one in 1975. Containment was ended by the police in 2000, leaving brothels largely unregulated. Approaches reflected the ideology of the particular ruling party, as an attempt was made to replace "containment" and make control a specific parliamentary responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLRWG2007-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagyPowell2016-216">[216]</a> There was further legislative activity in the 1980s and 1990s with the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1988 Pt. 2, Law Reform (Decriminalization Of Sodomy) Act 1989, Acts Amendment (Evidence) Act 1991, and the Criminal Law Amendment Act (No 2) 1992. The Criminal Code (s.190, s.191) made managing premises for the purpose of prostitution, living off the earnings of prostitution, or procuring a person for prostitution an offence. Reform was suggested in 1997, with the formation of a working group, and a Prostitution Control Bill was drafted in 1999 but not enacted till the Prostitution Act 2000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEProstitution_Act2000-206">[206]</a> The latter dealt principally with street soliciting, offences involving children in relation to prostitution, advertising and sponsorship.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScarlet_Alliance_WA2016-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLRWG2007-211">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Gallop_Government_(2001–2006)">Gallop Government (2001–2006)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Gallop Government (2001–2006)">edit</a>]</div> Under the new <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Western_Australian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch)">Australian Labor Party</a> (ALP) Government of <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Gallop" title="Geoff Gallop">Geoff Gallop</a>, <a href="/wiki/2001_Western_Australian_state_election" title="2001 Western Australian state election">elected in 2001</a>, several prostitution Bills were introduced. In November 2002, Police Minister <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Roberts" title="Michelle Roberts">Michelle Roberts</a> introduced the Prostitution Control Bill 2002<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPCB_20022002-217">[217]</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Green_paper" title="Green paper">Green Bill</a> (for public discussion).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2002-218">[218]</a> Following submissions,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHCC2003-219">[219]</a> a Bill (Prostitution Control Bill 2003) was introduced in April 2003.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2002-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> The latter was a bill to decriminalise prostitution, regulate brothels, introduce a licensing system and establish a Prostitution Control Board. The bill was described as a "<a href="/wiki/Social_control" title="Social control">social control</a> model" and widely criticised.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroftsSummerfield2008-221">[221]</a> It lacked sufficient support in the upper house, and eventually lapsed on 23 January 2005 on <a href="/wiki/Prorogation" title="Prorogation">prorogation</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2005_Western_Australian_state_election" title="2005 Western Australian state election">February election</a>, at which the Government was returned. During this time, offences under the Police Act 1892 were repealed by passage of the Criminal Law Amendment (Simple Offences) Act 2004<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> and the Criminal Investigation (Consequential Provisions) Act 2006, transferring these offences to the Criminal Code.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010-208">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Carpenter_Government_(2006–2008)">Carpenter Government (2006–2008)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Carpenter Government (2006–2008)">edit</a>]</div> Much of the debate on the subject under this government centred on the Prostitution Amendment Act 2008,<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> introduced in 2007 by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Carpenter" title="Alan Carpenter">Alan Carpenter</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">ALP</a> Government. As a background, a working party was formed in 2006, reporting the following year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLRWG2007-211">[211]</a> Although the resulting legislation passed the upper house narrowly and received Royal Assent on 14 April 2008, it was not proclaimed before the 2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Western_Australian_state_election" title="2008 Western Australian state election">state election</a>, in which Carpenter and the ALP narrowly lost power in September, and therefore remained inactive, the incoming Coalition Government having vowed to repeal it in its Plan for the First 100 Days of Government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroftsSummerfield2008-221">[221]</a> The Act was based partly on the approach taken in 2003 in <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_New_Zealand" title="Prostitution in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (and which in turn was based on the approach in NSW). It would have decriminalised brothels and would have required certification (certification would not have applied to independent operators).<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> Therefore, the 2000 Act continued to be in force. Brothels existed in a legal grey area, although 'containment' had officially been disbanded, in Perth in 1958 and subsequently in Kalgoorlie.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzgerald2012-210">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Barnett_Government_(2008–2017)">Barnett Government (2008–2017)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Barnett Government (2008–2017)">edit</a>]</div> In opposition the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">ALP</a> criticised the lack of action on prostitution by the coalition government.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> The debate had been reopened when the Liberal-National <a href="/wiki/Colin_Barnett" title="Colin Barnett">Barnett</a> Government announced plans to regulate brothels in December 2009.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> More information was announced by <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Western_Australia" title="Attorney-General of Western Australia">Attorney-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Porter" title="Christian Porter">Christian Porter</a> in June 2010.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Religious groups continued to oppose any liberalisation, as did elements within the government party<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> although Porter denied this.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> His critics stated that Porter "would accommodate the market demand for prostitution by setting up a system of licensed brothels in certain non-residential areas" and that people "should accept that prostitution will occur and legalise the trade, because we can never suppress it entirely" and that it is "like alcohol or gambling – saying it should be regulated rather than banned."<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> Porter challenged his critics to come up with a better model and rejected the Swedish example of only criminalising clients.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> These represent a change in thinking since an interview he gave in March 2009. However he followed through on a promise he made in early 2009 to clear the suburbs of sex work.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Porter released a ministerial statement<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> and made a speech in the legislature on 25 November 2010,<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> inviting public submissions. The plan was immediately rejected by religious groups.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> By the time the consultation closed on 11 February 2011, 164 submissions were received, many repeating many of the arguments of the preceding years. One major submission was a comprehensive review of prostitution in Western Australia by a team from the University of NSW.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010-208">[208]</a> This time Porter found himself criticised by both sides of the 2007 debate, for instance churches that supported the Coalition position in opposition, now criticised them,<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> while sex worker groups that supported the Carpenter proposals continued to oppose coalition policies,<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> as did health groups.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Prostitution_Bill_2011">Prostitution Bill 2011</h6>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Prostitution Bill 2011">edit</a>]</div> On 14 June 2011 the Minister made a "Green Bill"<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> (draft legislation) available for public comment over a six-week period.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> Porter explained the purpose of the legislation thus: "The Prostitution Bill 2011 will not only ban brothels from residential areas but also ensure appropriate regulatory and licensing schemes are in place for those very limited non-residential areas where prostitution will be permitted and heavily regulated." A <a href="/wiki/FAQ" title="FAQ">FAQ</a> sheet was also developed.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> Publication of the Bill did not shift the debate—which remained deeply polarised, with any legalisation bitterly opposed by conservative religious groups—despite Porter's assurances that his government did not condone sex work.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> Sex Workers and health organisations remained just as committed to opposing the proposals.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> Following consultation, the government announced a series of changes to the bill that represented compromises with its critics,<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> and the changes were then introduced into parliament on 3 November 2011,<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> where it received a first and second reading.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> Sex workers continued to stand in opposition.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> Significantly, the opposition Labor Party opposed the bill,<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> both political parties agreeing on the need to decriminalise the indoor market, but differing in approach. Since the government was in a minority, it required the support of several independent members to ensure passage through the Legislative Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> In practice, it proved difficult to muster sufficient public support, and the Bill did not attract sufficient support in parliament either. Porter left State politics in June 2012, being succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mischin" title="Michael Mischin">Michael Mischin</a>. Mischin admitted it would be unlikely that the bill would pass in that session.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> This proved to be true, as the legislature was prorogued on 30 January 2013, pending the <a href="/wiki/2013_Western_Australian_state_election" title="2013 Western Australian state election">general election on 9 March</a>, and thus all bills lapsed.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> The Barnett government was returned in that election with a clear majority, but stated it would not reintroduce the previous bill and that the subject was a low priority. Meanwhile, sex workers continued to push for decriminalisation.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> A division exists within the government party, with some members such as <a href="/wiki/Nick_Goiran" title="Nick Goiran">Nick Goiran</a> threatening 'civil war'.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="McGowan_Government_(2017–)">McGowan Government (2017–)</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: McGowan Government (2017–)">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Australian_state_election" title="2017 Western Australian state election">election campaign of 2017</a>, prostitution law reform was among the topics debated, and the Barnett government defeated with a return to power of the ALP. Public discussion of reform has continued since, with lobbying on both sides of the question,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENordicWA2019-264">[264]</a> while a further review of the industry, following up on the 2010 (LASH) report,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010-208">[208]</a> continued to recommend decriminalisation (The Law and Sex worker Health, LASH reports).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelvey2017-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERasdien2017-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlint2017-267">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_minor_territories_of_Australia">Other minor territories of Australia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Other minor territories of Australia">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christmas_Island">Christmas Island</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Christmas Island">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a> is a former <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> colony, which was administered as part of the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Colony of Singapore</a>. The laws of <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, including prostitution law, were based on British law. In 1958, the sovereignty of the island was transferred to Australia. The ‘laws of the Colony of Singapore’ continued to be the law of the territory.<a href="#cite_note-indianocean-268">[268]</a> The Territories Law Reform Act 1992 decreed that Australian federal law and the state laws of Western Australia be applicable to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Indian Ocean Territories</a>, of which Christmas Island is a part.<a href="#cite_note-indianocean-268">[268]</a> For the current situation see <a href="#Western_Australia">Western Australia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Cocos (Keeling) Islands">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a> were, like Christmas Island, a British colony and part of the Colony of Singapore. After transfer of sovereignty to Australia in 1955, Singapore's colonial law was still in force on the islands until 1992.<a href="#cite_note-indianocean-268">[268]</a> The Territories Law Reform Act 1992 made Australian federal law and the state laws of Western Australia applicable to the islands.<a href="#cite_note-indianocean-268">[268]</a> For the current situation see <a href="#Western_Australia">Western Australia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norfolk_Island">Norfolk Island</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Norfolk Island">edit</a>]</div> Previously a self-governing Australian territory, the Norfolk Island Applied Laws Ordinance 2016 applied Australian federal law and the state laws of New South Wales to <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-norfolkisland-269">[269]</a> For the current situation see <a href="#New_South_Wales">New South Wales</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia" title="History of Australia">History of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Planet_(brothel)" title="Daily Planet (brothel)">Daily Planet brothel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Alliance" title="Scarlet Alliance">Scarlet Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convict_women_in_Australia" title="Convict women in Australia">Convict women in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_v_McLean_%26_Trinh" title="R v McLean & Trinh">R v McLean & Trinh</a>, trial for the murder of two prostitutes in the Northern Territory</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/the-legal-status-of-sex-work-across-australia/">"The Legal Status of Sex Work Across Australia"</a>. Sydney Criminal Lawyers. 1 May 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Criminal+Lawyers&rft.atitle=The+Legal+Status+of+Sex+Work+Across+Australia&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au%2Fblog%2Fthe-legal-status-of-sex-work-across-australia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarletalliance.org.au/resources/laws/tas/">"Tasmania sex work laws | Scarlet Alliance"</a>. scarletalliance.org.au. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scarletalliance.org.au&rft.atitle=Tasmania+sex+work+laws+%7C+Scarlet+Alliance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscarletalliance.org.au%2Fresources%2Flaws%2Ftas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarletalliance.org.au/resources/laws/wa/">"Western Australia sex work laws | Scarlet Alliance"</a>. scarletalliance.org.au. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scarletalliance.org.au&rft.atitle=Western+Australia+sex+work+laws+%7C+Scarlet+Alliance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscarletalliance.org.au%2Fresources%2Flaws%2Fwa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarletalliance.org.au/resources/laws/sa/">"South Australia sex work laws | Scarlet Alliance"</a>. scarletalliance.org.au. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scarletalliance.org.au&rft.atitle=South+Australia+sex+work+laws+%7C+Scarlet+Alliance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscarletalliance.org.au%2Fresources%2Flaws%2Fsa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarletalliance.org.au/resources/laws/act/">"Australian Capital Territory sex work laws | Scarlet Alliance"</a>. scarletalliance.org.au. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scarletalliance.org.au&rft.atitle=Australian+Capital+Territory+sex+work+laws+%7C+Scarlet+Alliance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscarletalliance.org.au%2Fresources%2Flaws%2Fact%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarletalliance.org.au/resources/laws/nt/">"Northern Territory sex work laws | Scarlet Alliance"</a>. scarletalliance.org.au. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scarletalliance.org.au&rft.atitle=Northern+Territory+sex+work+laws+%7C+Scarlet+Alliance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscarletalliance.org.au%2Fresources%2Flaws%2Fnt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarletalliance.org.au/resources/laws/nsw/">"New South Wales sex work laws | Scarlet Alliance"</a>. scarletalliance.org.au. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scarletalliance.org.au&rft.atitle=New+South+Wales+sex+work+laws+%7C+Scarlet+Alliance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscarletalliance.org.au%2Fresources%2Flaws%2Fnsw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarletalliance.org.au/resources/laws/qld/">"Queensland sex work laws | Scarlet Alliance"</a>. scarletalliance.org.au. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scarletalliance.org.au&rft.atitle=Queensland+sex+work+laws+%7C+Scarlet+Alliance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscarletalliance.org.au%2Fresources%2Flaws%2Fqld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scarletalliance.org.au/resources/laws/vic/">"Victoria's sex work laws | Scarlet Alliance"</a>. scarletalliance.org.au. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scarletalliance.org.au&rft.atitle=Victoria%27s+sex+work+laws+%7C+Scarlet+Alliance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscarletalliance.org.au%2Fresources%2Flaws%2Fvic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrances1994-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrances1994_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrances1994_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrances1994_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrances1994_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrances1994_10-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrances1994">Frances 1994</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarpenterHayes2014-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarpenterHayes2014_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarpenterHayes2014_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarpenterHayes2014">Carpenter & Hayes 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinto_et_al1990-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinto_et_al1990_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinto_et_al1990_12-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPinto_et_al1990">Pinto et al 1990</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAroneyCrofts2019" class="citation journal cs1">Aroney, Eurydice; Crofts, Penny (30 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v8i2.955">"How Sex Worker Activism Influenced the Decriminalisation of Sex Work in NSW, Australia"</a>. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy. 8 (2): 50–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5204%2Fijcjsd.v8i2.955">10.5204/ijcjsd.v8i2.955</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10453%2F133742">10453/133742</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2202-8005">2202-8005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+for+Crime%2C+Justice+and+Social+Democracy&rft.atitle=How+Sex+Worker+Activism+Influenced+the+Decriminalisation+of+Sex+Work+in+NSW%2C+Australia.&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=50-67&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10453%2F133742&rft.issn=2202-8005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5204%2Fijcjsd.v8i2.955&rft.aulast=Aroney&rft.aufirst=Eurydice&rft.au=Crofts%2C+Penny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5204%2Fijcjsd.v8i2.955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNData2019-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNData2019_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNData2019_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNData2019">UNData 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/whole/html/asmade/sl-2024-0135">"View - Queensland Legislation - Queensland Government"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=View+-+Queensland+Legislation+-+Queensland+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.qld.gov.au%2Fview%2Fwhole%2Fhtml%2Fasmade%2Fsl-2024-0135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMessenger2024" class="citation news cs1">Messenger, Andrew (2 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/article/2024/may/02/queensland-sex-work-decriminalised-law-passes">"Sex work decriminalised in Queensland after decades of campaigning"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sex+work+decriminalised+in+Queensland+after+decades+of+campaigning&rft.date=2024-05-02&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Messenger&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fmay%2F02%2Fqueensland-sex-work-decriminalised-law-passes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-17"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParliament_of_Queensland" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Queensland" title="Parliament of Queensland">Parliament of Queensland</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/Work-of-Committees/Committees/Committee-Details?cid=240&id=4366">"Report No. 4, 57th Parliament - Criminal Code (Decriminalising Sex Work) and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 2024"</a>. www.parliament.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parliament.qld.gov.au&rft.atitle=Report+No.+4%2C+57th+Parliament+-+Criminal+Code+%28Decriminalising+Sex+Work%29+and+Other+Legislation+Amendment+Bill+2024&rft.au=Parliament+of+Queensland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.qld.gov.au%2FWork-of-Committees%2FCommittees%2FCommittee-Details%3Fcid%3D240%26id%3D4366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-18"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProstitution_Licensing_Authority2023" class="citation web cs1">Prostitution Licensing Authority (28 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pla.qld.gov.au/sex-work-industry-review">"Sex Work Industry Review"</a>. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex+Work+Industry+Review&rft.date=2023-04-28&rft.au=Prostitution+Licensing+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pla.qld.gov.au%2Fsex-work-industry-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vic.gov.au/review-make-recommendations-decriminalisation-sex-work">"Decriminalising sex work in Victoria | Victorian Government"</a>. www.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 20 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vic.gov.au&rft.atitle=Decriminalising+sex+work+in+Victoria+%7C+Victorian+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vic.gov.au%2Freview-make-recommendations-decriminalisation-sex-work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-26/northern-territory-sex-industry-bill-passed/11739820">"NT Parliament votes to decriminalise sex work"</a>. ABC News. 26 November 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=NT+Parliament+votes+to+decriminalise+sex+work&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-11-26%2Fnorthern-territory-sex-industry-bill-passed%2F11739820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991_21-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991_21-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991_21-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991_21-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991_21-7">h</a> <a href="#CITEREFPerkins1991">Perkins 1991</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaunders1995-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaunders1995_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSaunders1995">Saunders 1995</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMihalopoulos1994" class="citation journal cs1">Mihalopoulos, Bill (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29766813">"The Making of Prostitutes in Japan: The Karayuki-San"</a>. Social Justice. 21 (2). Social Justice/Global Options: 161–84. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29766813">29766813</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Justice&rft.atitle=The+Making+of+Prostitutes+in+Japan%3A+The+Karayuki-San&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=161-84&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29766813%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mihalopoulos&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29766813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHong2021" class="citation web cs1">Hong, Regina (8 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ari.nus.edu.sg/ariscope/picturing-the-past-postcards-and-the-pre-war-japanese-in-singapore/">"Picturing the past: Postcards and the pre-war Japanese in Singapore"</a>. ARIscope Home - Asia Research Institute, NUS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Picturing+the+past%3A+Postcards+and+the+pre-war+Japanese+in+Singapore&rft.pub=ARIscope+Home+-+Asia+Research+Institute%2C+NUS&rft.date=2021-07-08&rft.aulast=Hong&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fari.nus.edu.sg%2Fariscope%2Fpicturing-the-past-postcards-and-the-pre-war-japanese-in-singapore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMihalopoulos1994" class="citation journal cs1">Mihalopoulos, Bill (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/29766813">"The Making of Prostitutes in Japan: The Karayuki-San"</a>. Social Justice. 21 (2): 161–84. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29766813">29766813</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Justice&rft.atitle=The+Making+of+Prostitutes+in+Japan%3A+The+Karayuki-San&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=161-84&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29766813%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mihalopoulos&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29766813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMihalopoulos2012" class="citation journal cs1">Mihalopoulos, Bill (26 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apjjf.org/2012/10/35/Bill-Mihalopoulos/3814/article.html">"世界かWomen, Overseas Sex Work and Globalization in Meiji Japan 明治日本における女性，国外性労働、海外進出"</a>. Japan Focus: The Asia-Pacific Journal. 10 (35).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Focus%3A+The+Asia-Pacific+Journal&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E3%81%8BWomen%2C+Overseas+Sex+Work+and+Globalization+in+Meiji+Japan+%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E6%80%A7%E5%8A%B4%E5%83%8D%E3%80%81%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E9%80%B2%E5%87%BA&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=35&rft.date=2012-08-26&rft.aulast=Mihalopoulos&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapjjf.org%2F2012%2F10%2F35%2FBill-Mihalopoulos%2F3814%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLay2016" class="citation news cs1">Lay, Belmont (18 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mothership.sg/2016/05/thousands-of-japanese-women-worked-as-prostitutes-in-spore-in-late-1800s-early-1900s/">"Thousands of Japanese women worked as prostitutes in S'pore in late 1800s, early 1900s"</a>. Mothership.SG.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mothership.SG&rft.atitle=Thousands+of+Japanese+women+worked+as+prostitutes+in+S%27pore+in+late+1800s%2C+early+1900s&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft.aulast=Lay&rft.aufirst=Belmont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmothership.sg%2F2016%2F05%2Fthousands-of-japanese-women-worked-as-prostitutes-in-spore-in-late-1800s-early-1900s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsono2012" class="citation web cs1">Isono, Tomotaka (13 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japansociology.com/2012/05/13/karayuki-san-and-japayuki-san/">""Karayuki-san" and "Japayuki-san""</a>. The North American Post: Seattle Japanese Community.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+North+American+Post%3A+Seattle+Japanese+Community&rft.atitle=%22Karayuki-san%22+and+%22Japayuki-san%22&rft.date=2012-05-13&rft.aulast=Isono&rft.aufirst=Tomotaka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapansociology.com%2F2012%2F05%2F13%2Fkarayuki-san-and-japayuki-san%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSissons1977" class="citation journal cs1">Sissons, D. C. S. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n2207/pdf/ch06.pdf">"Karayuki-san: Japanese prostitutes in Australia, 1887–1916 (I & II)"</a> (PDF). Historical Studies. 17 (68). Taylor & Francis Ltd: 323–341. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10314617708595555">10.1080/10314617708595555</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=Karayuki-san%3A+Japanese+prostitutes+in+Australia%2C+1887%E2%80%931916+%28I+%26+II%29&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=68&rft.pages=323-341&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10314617708595555&rft.aulast=Sissons&rft.aufirst=D.+C.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress-files.anu.edu.au%2Fdownloads%2Fpress%2Fn2207%2Fpdf%2Fch06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSone1990" class="citation thesis cs1">Sone, Sachiko (January 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/35207620">The karayuki-san of Asia, 1868-1938 : the role of prostitutes overseas in Japanese economic and social development</a> (Master's Thesis).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+karayuki-san+of+Asia%2C+1868-1938+%3A+the+role+of+prostitutes+overseas+in+Japanese+economic+and+social+development&rft.date=1990-01&rft.aulast=Sone&rft.aufirst=Sachiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F35207620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERissel_et_al2003-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERissel_et_al2003_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRissel_et_al2003">Rissel et al 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyo-sik2011" class="citation web cs1">Hyo-sik, Lee (14 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2024/04/113_98737.html">"Over 1,000 Korean women are prostitutes in Australia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Korea_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Korea Times">Korea Times</a>. Retrieved 22 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Korea+Times&rft.atitle=Over+1%2C000+Korean+women+are+prostitutes+in+Australia&rft.date=2011-11-14&rft.aulast=Hyo-sik&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreatimes.co.kr%2Fwww%2Fnation%2F2024%2F04%2F113_98737.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenzie2022" class="citation web cs1">McKenzie, Nick (2 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/australian-colleges-identified-in-allegedly-helping-women-enter-country-to-work-in-sex-industry-20221027-p5btlh.html">"Australian colleges identified in allegedly helping women enter country to work in sex industry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a>. Retrieved 22 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Australian+colleges+identified+in+allegedly+helping+women+enter+country+to+work+in+sex+industry&rft.date=2022-11-02&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnational%2Faustralian-colleges-identified-in-allegedly-helping-women-enter-country-to-work-in-sex-industry-20221027-p5btlh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScarlet_Alliance2016-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScarlet_Alliance2016_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScarlet_Alliance2016">Scarlet Alliance 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaginn2013-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaginn2013_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaginn2013_35-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaginn2013">Maginn 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott_et_al2012-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott_et_al2012_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScott_et_al2012">Scott et al 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoint_Committee2006-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoint_Committee2006_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJoint_Committee2006">Joint Committee 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/ccaassa1999496/">Criminal Code Amendment (Slavery and Sexual Servitude) Act 1999</a> (Cth) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2000-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2000_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOHCHR2000">OHCHR 2000</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEACT_SWA1992-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEACT_SWA1992_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFACT_SWA1992">ACT SWA 1992</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEORS2011-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEORS2011_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEORS2011_41-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFORS2011">ORS 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.act.gov.au/a/2002-35/20021216-3041/pdf/2002-35.pdf">"Prostitution Amendment Act 2002 (ACT)"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+Amendment+Act+2002+%28ACT%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.act.gov.au%2Fa%2F2002-35%2F20021216-3041%2Fpdf%2F2002-35.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/num_act/jacslaa201116o2011549/">Justice and Community Safety Legislation Amendment Act 2011</a> (ACT). </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/repealed_act/poa1930198/">Police Offences Act 1930</a> (ACT). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollaery1992-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollaery1992_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCollaery1992">Collaery 1992</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-09-30/sex-trade-laws-under-review/2279780">"Sex trade laws under review. ABC News 1 Oct 2010"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 30 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex+trade+laws+under+review.+ABC+News+1+Oct+2010&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2010-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2010-09-30%2Fsex-trade-laws-under-review%2F2279780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.act.gov.au/downloads/terms-of-reference/ToR%20-%20Prostitution%20Act%201992.pdf">Inquiry into Prostitution Act: Terms of Reference</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325165730/http://www.parliament.act.gov.au/downloads/terms-of-reference/ToR%20-%20Prostitution%20Act%201992.pdf">Archived</a> 25 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.act.gov.au/committees/index1.asp?committee=114&inquiry=994&category=14">Inquiry into Prostitution Act: Submissions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110407230213/http://www.parliament.act.gov.au/committees/index1.asp?committee=114&inquiry=994&category=14">Archived</a> 7 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/library/subact_2011/">"Scarlet Alliance submission to the Standing Committee on Justice 2011"</a>. 10 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scarlet+Alliance+submission+to+the+Standing+Committee+on+Justice+2011&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flibrary%2Fsubact_2011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ct311-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ct311_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ct311_50-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/local/news/general/sex-trade-eyes-the-suburbs/2094904.aspx">Sex trade eyes the suburbs. Canberra Times March 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110309024534/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/local/news/general/sex-trade-eyes-the-suburbs/2094904.aspx">Archived</a> 9 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111010012055/http://australianchristianlobby.org.au/2011/05/acl-appears-at-act-prostitution-inquiry/">"ACL appears at ACT prostitution inquiry. ACL 11 May 2011"</a>. Australianchristianlobby.org.au. 12 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://australianchristianlobby.org.au/2011/05/acl-appears-at-act-prostitution-inquiry/">the original</a> on 10 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ACL+appears+at+ACT+prostitution+inquiry.+ACL+11+May+2011&rft.pub=Australianchristianlobby.org.au&rft.date=2011-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faustralianchristianlobby.org.au%2F2011%2F05%2Facl-appears-at-act-prostitution-inquiry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorma" class="citation web cs1">Norma, Caroline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/45278.html">"Review into prostitution must benefit women not business ABC 21 March 2011"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+into+prostitution+must+benefit+women+not+business+ABC+21+March+2011&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.aulast=Norma&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Funleashed%2F45278.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mc2.vicnet.net.au/home/catwaust/files/aboutus.htm">Coalition Against Trafficking in Women Australia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110906084407/http://mc2.vicnet.net.au/home/catwaust/files/aboutus.htm">Archived</a> 6 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/373316/Submission_No._35_-_Catholic_Archdiocese_v7.pdf">"Submission of the Catholic Archdiocese of Canberra and Goulburn"</a> (PDF). www.parliament.act.gov.au. 22 March 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parliament.act.gov.au&rft.atitle=Submission+of+the+Catholic+Archdiocese+of+Canberra+and+Goulburn&rft.date=2011-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.act.gov.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0005%2F373316%2FSubmission_No._35_-_Catholic_Archdiocese_v7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffreys2011" class="citation web cs1">Jeffreys, Elena (19 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629110727/http://nothing-about-us-without-us.com/dont-use-the-swedish-model-for-act-sex-workers-the-canberra-times-19-05-11/">"Don't use the Swedish model for ACT sex workers. Canberra Times 19 May 2011"</a>. Nothing-about-us-without-us.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nothing-about-us-without-us.com/dont-use-the-swedish-model-for-act-sex-workers-the-canberra-times-19-05-11/">the original</a> on 29 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Don%27t+use+the+Swedish+model+for+ACT+sex+workers.+Canberra+Times+19+May+2011&rft.pub=Nothing-about-us-without-us.com&rft.date=2011-05-19&rft.aulast=Jeffreys&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnothing-about-us-without-us.com%2Fdont-use-the-swedish-model-for-act-sex-workers-the-canberra-times-19-05-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2011" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Kate (8 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-04-08/no-exit-programs-for-canberra-sex-workers/2622676">"No exit programs for Canberra sex workers"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+exit+programs+for+Canberra+sex+workers&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2011-04-08%2Fno-exit-programs-for-canberra-sex-workers%2F2622676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyett2011" class="citation web cs1">Dyett, Kathleen (23 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-03-23/unregulated-sex-industry-hard-to-gauge/2646122">"Unregulated sex industry 'hard to gauge'"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unregulated+sex+industry+%27hard+to+gauge%27&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2011-03-23&rft.aulast=Dyett&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2011-03-23%2Funregulated-sex-industry-hard-to-gauge%2F2646122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hansard.act.gov.au/hansard/2009/comms/justice26.pdf">"Hansard committee transcripts: Justice 13 July 2011"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hansard+committee+transcripts%3A+Justice+13+July+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hansard.act.gov.au%2Fhansard%2F2009%2Fcomms%2Fjustice26.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.act.gov.au/downloads/reports/JACS09%20Prostitution%20Act.pdf">Report on Inquiry into the Prostitution Act 1992. February 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425174319/http://www.parliament.act.gov.au/downloads/reports/JACS09%20Prostitution%20Act.pdf">Archived</a> 25 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/373369/Prostitutional_Act.pdf">"Government response to inquiry into Prostitution Act 1992. 2012"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+response+to+inquiry+into+Prostitution+Act+1992.+2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.act.gov.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0004%2F373369%2FProstitutional_Act.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-06-06/corbell-moves-to-better-protect-sex-workers/4055120?section=act">"Corbell moves to better protect sex workers. ABC 6 June 2012"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corbell+moves+to+better+protect+sex+workers.+ABC+6+June+2012&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2012-06-06%2Fcorbell-moves-to-better-protect-sex-workers%2F4055120%3Fsection%3Dact&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/open_government/inform/act_government_media_releases/corbell/2012/act_sex_industry_is_better_protected_under_law">"ACT Government: ACT sex industry is better protected under law. 5 June 2012"</a>. Cmd.act.gov.au. 27 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ACT+Government%3A+ACT+sex+industry+is+better+protected+under+law.+5+June+2012&rft.pub=Cmd.act.gov.au&rft.date=2012-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmd.act.gov.au%2Fopen_government%2Finform%2Fact_government_media_releases%2Fcorbell%2F2012%2Fact_sex_industry_is_better_protected_under_law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKretowicz2012" class="citation web cs1">Kretowicz, Ewa (7 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canberratimes.com/act-news/libs-fear-rise-in-minibrothels-20121006-276lj.html">"Libs fear rise in mini-brothels. Canberra Times 7 October 2012"</a>. The Canberra Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=Libs+fear+rise+in+mini-brothels.+Canberra+Times+7+October+2012&rft.date=2012-10-07&rft.aulast=Kretowicz&rft.aufirst=Ewa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canberratimes.com%2Fact-news%2Flibs-fear-rise-in-minibrothels-20121006-276lj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102054008/http://www.aidsaction.org.au/swop/index.php">"Swop Act"</a>. Aidsaction.org.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aidsaction.org.au/swop/index.php">the original</a> on 2 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swop+Act&rft.pub=Aidsaction.org.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faidsaction.org.au%2Fswop%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/">Summary Offences Act 1988</a> (NSW). </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/ca190082/s91c.html">s 91C</a> Definitions. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/05/18/2573799.htm">"NSW papers urged to cut brothel ads, ABC news 18 May 2009"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 18 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NSW+papers+urged+to+cut+brothel+ads%2C+ABC+news+18+May+2009&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2009-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2009%2F05%2F18%2F2573799.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> J.T. Bigge. Report of the Commissioner of Inquiry into the colony of NSW. 1822 </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60579365">SYDNEY FEMALE REFUGE SOCIETY</a>. (8 March 1864). Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875), p. 5. Retrieved 5 February 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/sessionalview/sessional/TITLE/Disorderly%20Houses%20Amendment%20Act%201995%20No%2053.pdf">"Disorderly Houses (Amendment) Act 1995 (NSW)"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Disorderly+Houses+%28Amendment%29+Act+1995+%28NSW%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.nsw.gov.au%2Fsessionalview%2Fsessional%2FTITLE%2FDisorderly%2520Houses%2520Amendment%2520Act%25201995%2520No%252053.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/ca190082/">Crimes Act 1900</a> (NSW). </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-06-15/nsw-prostitution-laws-ambiguous-contradictory/1713086">"NSW prostitution laws 'ambiguous, contradictory'. ABC 15 June 2009"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 15 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NSW+prostitution+laws+%27ambiguous%2C+contradictory%27.+ABC+15+June+2009&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2009-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2009-06-15%2Fnsw-prostitution-laws-ambiguous-contradictory%2F1713086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dpc.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/145077/Issues_Paper_Regulation_of_Brothels.pdf">"Regulation of Brothels in NSW: Issues Paper Sept 2012"</a> (PDF). 25 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regulation+of+Brothels+in+NSW%3A+Issues+Paper+Sept+2012&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpc.nsw.gov.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0006%2F145077%2FIssues_Paper_Regulation_of_Brothels.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPriorCrofts2012" class="citation journal cs1">Prior, Jason; Crofts, Penny (13 August 2012). "Jason Prior and Penny Crofts. Effects of sex premises on neighbourhoods: Residents, local planning and the geographies of a controversial land use". New Zealand Geographer. 68 (2): 130–140. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745-7939.2012.01228.x">10.1111/j.1745-7939.2012.01228.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Geographer&rft.atitle=Jason+Prior+and+Penny+Crofts.+Effects+of+sex+premises+on+neighbourhoods%3A+Residents%2C+local+planning+and+the+geographies+of+a+controversial+land+use&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=130-140&rft.date=2012-08-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1745-7939.2012.01228.x&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.au=Crofts%2C+Penny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailytelegraph.com/news/nsw-act/liberal-brothel-police-to-take-sleaze-out-of-sex/story-e6freuzi-1225974699885">"Liberal brothel police to take sleaze out of sex. Daily Telegraph 22 December 2010"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Australia. 29 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Liberal+brothel+police+to+take+sleaze+out+of+sex.+Daily+Telegraph+22+December+2010&rft.date=2014-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com%2Fnews%2Fnsw-act%2Fliberal-brothel-police-to-take-sleaze-out-of-sex%2Fstory-e6freuzi-1225974699885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/summarize/inforce/s/1/?xref=RecordType%3DACTTOC%20AND%20Year%3D2007%20AND%20Actno%3D29&nohits=y">"Brothels Legislation Act 2007"</a>. Legislation.nsw.gov.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brothels+Legislation+Act+2007&rft.pub=Legislation.nsw.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.nsw.gov.au%2Fsummarize%2Finforce%2Fs%2F1%2F%3Fxref%3DRecordType%253DACTTOC%2520AND%2520Year%253D2007%2520AND%2520Actno%253D29%26nohits%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/elections/nsw/2011/guide/parties.htm">"Party Totals - NSW Votes 2011"</a>. ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 26 March 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News+%28Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation%29&rft.atitle=Party+Totals+-+NSW+Votes+2011&rft.date=2011-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Felections%2Fnsw%2F2011%2Fguide%2Fparties.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swop.org.au">"Home - Sex Workers Outreach Project"</a>. swop.org.au. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=swop.org.au&rft.atitle=Home+-+Sex+Workers+Outreach+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swop.org.au&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESex_Industry_Bill2019-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESex_Industry_Bill2019_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSex_Industry_Bill2019">Sex Industry Bill 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsBreen2019-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsBreen2019_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsBreen2019_80-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRobertsBreen2019">Roberts & Breen 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnn" class="citation journal cs1">Ann, Ann McGrath. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/27362835">"McGrath, A., "Black Velvet': Aboriginal women and their relations with white men in the Northern Territory, 1910-40". In So Much Hard Work: Women and Prostitution in Australian History, edited by Daniels, K., 233–297. Sydney: Fontana Collins, 1984"</a>. Academia. Retrieved 14 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academia&rft.atitle=McGrath%2C+A.%2C+%22Black+Velvet%27%3A+Aboriginal+women+and+their+relations+with+white+men+in+the+Northern+Territory%2C+1910-40%22.+In+So+Much+Hard+Work%3A+Women+and+Prostitution+in+Australian+History%2C+edited+by+Daniels%2C+K.%2C+233%E2%80%93297.+Sydney%3A+Fontana+Collins%2C+1984&rft.aulast=Ann&rft.aufirst=Ann+McGrath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F27362835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGinn2012" class="citation journal cs1">McGinn, Ian (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/178682592?q&versionId=194514999">"Commonwealth control of non-indigenous and indigenous relations and mixed descent people in the Northern Territory, 1911-1939"</a>. Journal of Northern Territory History (23): 25–41. Retrieved 14 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Northern+Territory+History&rft.atitle=Commonwealth+control+of+non-indigenous+and+indigenous+relations+and+mixed+descent+people+in+the+Northern+Territory%2C+1911-1939&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=25-41&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=McGinn&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F178682592%3Fq%26versionId%3D194514999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncp.ncc.gov.au/docs/NT%20Regulation%20of%20Escort%20Agents%20and%20Sex%20Workers%201999.pdf">"Prostitution Regulation Act 1992"</a> (PDF). Northern Territory of Australia. Retrieved 14 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+Regulation+Act+1992&rft.pub=Northern+Territory+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fncp.ncc.gov.au%2Fdocs%2FNT%2520Regulation%2520of%2520Escort%2520Agents%2520and%2520Sex%2520Workers%25201999.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncp.ncc.gov.au/docs/NT%20Regulation%20of%20Escort%20Agents%20and%20Sex%20Workers%201999.pdf">"Competition Policy Review – Northern Territory. National Competition Policy Report concerning the Regulation of Escort Agents and Sex Workers 1999"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Competition+Policy+Review+%E2%80%93+Northern+Territory.+National+Competition+Policy+Report+concerning+the+Regulation+of+Escort+Agents+and+Sex+Workers+1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fncp.ncc.gov.au%2Fdocs%2FNT%2520Regulation%2520of%2520Escort%2520Agents%2520and%2520Sex%2520Workers%25201999.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nt.gov.au/justice/commission//">Northern Territory Licensing Commission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070806092236/http://www.nt.gov.au/justice/commission//">Archived</a> 6 August 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nt.gov.au/justice/licenreg/escorts.shtml">Department of Business: Escort Agency Licensing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130207232955/http://www.nt.gov.au/justice/licenreg/escorts.shtml">Archived</a> 7 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2010" class="citation web cs1">Stewart, Phoebe (14 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/05/14/2899297.htm">"Prostitution law puts sex workers at risk. ABC 14 May 2010"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+law+puts+sex+workers+at+risk.+ABC+14+May+2010&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2010-05-14&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Phoebe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2010%2F05%2F14%2F2899297.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130410015331/http://www.ntnews.com.au/article/2010/06/08/153861_ntnews.html">"Christians adopt Swedish model for prostitution - News - Northern Ter…"</a>. 10 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntnews.com.au/article/2010/06/08/153861_ntnews.html">the original</a> on 10 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christians+adopt+Swedish+model+for+prostitution+-+News+-+Northern+Ter%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2013-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntnews.com.au%2Farticle%2F2010%2F06%2F08%2F153861_ntnews.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://therecord.com.au/news/local/nt-warned-on-opening-floodgates-to-women-trafficking/">"NT warned on opening floodgates to women trafficking"</a>. The Record. Therecord.com.au. 17 June 2010. Retrieved 6 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Record&rft.atitle=NT+warned+on+opening+floodgates+to+women+trafficking&rft.date=2010-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftherecord.com.au%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fnt-warned-on-opening-floodgates-to-women-trafficking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENTGov2019-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENTGov2019_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNTGov2019">NTGov 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELANT2019-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELANT2019_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLANT2019">LANT 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNAIDS2019-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNAIDS2019_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNAIDS2019">UNAIDS 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntahc.org.au/media-release">"Media Release"</a>. 23 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Media+Release&rft.date=2022-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntahc.org.au%2Fmedia-release&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sexworklawreformvictoria.org.au/news-2022/">"News (2022) – Sex Work Law Reform Victoria"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News+%282022%29+%E2%80%93+Sex+Work+Law+Reform+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsexworklawreformvictoria.org.au%2Fnews-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.qld.gov.au/initiatives/sex-work-industry-decriminalisation">"Sex work industry decriminalisation"</a>. 24 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex+work+industry+decriminalisation&rft.date=2024-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.qld.gov.au%2Finitiatives%2Fsex-work-industry-decriminalisation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/whole/html/asmade/act-2024-023">"View - Queensland Legislation - Queensland Government"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=View+-+Queensland+Legislation+-+Queensland+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.qld.gov.au%2Fview%2Fwhole%2Fhtml%2Fasmade%2Fact-2024-023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/qld/consol_act/pa1999205/">Prostitution Act 1999</a> (Qld). </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmc.qld.gov.au/research-and-publications/publications/crime/regulating-prostitution-an-evaluation-of-the-prostitution-act-1999-qld.pdf/view">"CMC. Regulating prostitution: an evaluation of the Prostitution Act 1999. December 2004(Qld)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CMC.+Regulating+prostitution%3A+an+evaluation+of+the+Prostitution+Act+1999.+December+2004%28Qld%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmc.qld.gov.au%2Fresearch-and-publications%2Fpublications%2Fcrime%2Fregulating-prostitution-an-evaluation-of-the-prostitution-act-1999-qld.pdf%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dickson-99"><a href="#cite_ref-dickson_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140505142706/http://www.stevedicksonmp.com.au/Media/Speeches/tabid/76/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/86/Prostitution-and-Other-Acts-Amendment-Bill.aspx">"Steve Dickson MP. Speech 17 August 2010"</a>. Stevedicksonmp.com.au. 17 August 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stevedicksonmp.com.au/Media/Speeches/tabid/76/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/86/Prostitution-and-Other-Acts-Amendment-Bill.aspx">the original</a> on 5 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Dickson+MP.+Speech+17+August+2010&rft.pub=Stevedicksonmp.com.au&rft.date=2010-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stevedicksonmp.com.au%2FMedia%2FSpeeches%2Ftabid%2F76%2FarticleType%2FArticleView%2FarticleId%2F86%2FProstitution-and-Other-Acts-Amendment-Bill.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420031541/http://jannstuckey.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Prostitution-and-Other-Acts-Amendment-Bill-030810.pdf">"Jan Stuckey MP. Speech 3 August 2010"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jannstuckey.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Prostitution-and-Other-Acts-Amendment-Bill-030810.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jan+Stuckey+MP.+Speech+3+August+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjannstuckey.com.au%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F08%2FProstitution-and-Other-Acts-Amendment-Bill-030810.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/library/Qld%20Prostitution%20and%20Other%20Acts%20Amendment%20Bill%202009">"Prostitution and other Acts Amendments Bill 2009"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+and+other+Acts+Amendments+Bill+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flibrary%2FQld%2520Prostitution%2520and%2520Other%2520Acts%2520Amendment%2520Bill%25202009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/view/legislativeassembly/tableOffice/documents/HALnks/090818/Prostitution.pdf">Prostitution and other Acts Amendments Bill 2009. Legislative Proceedings 18 August 2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610173630/http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/view/legislativeassembly/tableOffice/documents/HALnks/090818/Prostitution.pdf">Archived</a> 10 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/Bills/53PDF/2009/ProstOAAB09Exp.pdf">"Bills - Queensland Legislation - Queensland Government"</a> (PDF). www.legislation.qld.gov.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legislation.qld.gov.au&rft.atitle=Bills+-+Queensland+Legislation+-+Queensland+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.qld.gov.au%2FBills%2F53PDF%2F2009%2FProstOAAB09Exp.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/ACTS/2010/10AC029.pdf">"Acts as passed - Queensland Legislation - Queensland Government"</a> (PDF). www.legislation.qld.gov.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.legislation.qld.gov.au&rft.atitle=Acts+as+passed+-+Queensland+Legislation+-+Queensland+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.qld.gov.au%2FLEGISLTN%2FACTS%2F2010%2F10AC029.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/clca1935262/s5.html">s 5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/soa1953189/">Summary Offences Act 1953</a> (SA). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriggs2019-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriggs2019_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriggs2019_107-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBriggs2019">Briggs 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Penney, Richard L. (Dr to Governor <a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">George Grey</a>), cited by S. Horan 1984 </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/num_act/pa19o7a8v1844168/">An Ordinance for Regulating the Police in South Australia 1844</a> (SA). </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> "every person who shall...knowingly permit or suffer prostitutes or persons of notoriously bad character to meet together and remain therein, shall be liable to a penalty of not more than Five Pounds". (s. 18. referring to Public Houses) "every common prostitute wandering in the public streets or highways, or in any place of public resort, and behaving in a riotous or indecent manner... shall be deemed an idle and disorderly person [and shall be liable to be committed] to the House of Correction, there to be kept to hard labor for any time not exceeding one calendar month." (s. 20) </li> <li id="cite_note-SAMemory-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SAMemory_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAMemory_111-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAMemory_111-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAMemory_111-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=666#e1453">"Social Reform in South Australia: Sex Industry. State Library"</a>. Samemory.sa.gov.au. 10 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Social+Reform+in+South+Australia%3A+Sex+Industry.+State+Library&rft.pub=Samemory.sa.gov.au&rft.date=2007-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samemory.sa.gov.au%2Fsite%2Fpage.cfm%3Fu%3D666%23e1453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuseum_of_Australian_Democracy_at_Old_Parliament_House" class="citation web cs1">Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explore.moadoph.gov.au/people/86-lee-mary-/list#description">"Exploring democracy: Lee, Mary"</a>. Explore.moadoph.gov.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exploring+democracy%3A+Lee%2C+Mary&rft.pub=Explore.moadoph.gov.au&rft.au=Museum+of+Australian+Democracy+at+Old+Parliament+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexplore.moadoph.gov.au%2Fpeople%2F86-lee-mary-%2Flist%23description&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-page3-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-page3_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-page3_113-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-page3_113-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-page3_113-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-page3_113-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=668">"Sex Industry Page 3"</a>. www.samemory.sa.gov.au. 4 May 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.samemory.sa.gov.au&rft.atitle=Sex+Industry+Page+3&rft.date=2007-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samemory.sa.gov.au%2Fsite%2Fpage.cfm%3Fu%3D668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-page4-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-page4_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-page4_114-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-page4_114-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=669">"Sex Industry Page 4"</a>. www.samemory.sa.gov.au. 4 May 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.samemory.sa.gov.au&rft.atitle=Sex+Industry+Page+4&rft.date=2007-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samemory.sa.gov.au%2Fsite%2Fpage.cfm%3Fu%3D669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-page6-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-page6_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-page6_115-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-page6_115-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-page6_115-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=671#e1471">"Sex Industry Page 6"</a>. www.samemory.sa.gov.au. 4 May 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.samemory.sa.gov.au&rft.atitle=Sex+Industry+Page+6&rft.date=2007-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samemory.sa.gov.au%2Fsite%2Fpage.cfm%3Fu%3D671%23e1471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenleft.org.au/node/9847">"Prostitution debated in South Australia. Green Left Weekly 22 February 1995"</a>. Greenleft.org.au. 22 February 1995.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+debated+in+South+Australia.+Green+Left+Weekly+22+February+1995&rft.pub=Greenleft.org.au&rft.date=1995-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenleft.org.au%2Fnode%2F9847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/B48AE49B-FD48-4547-BE5E-58DCCDBD3682/4694/09threportinquiryintoprostitutionfinalreportpt1.pdf">Report of the Inquiry into Prostitution (SA)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091006153249/http://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/B48AE49B-FD48-4547-BE5E-58DCCDBD3682/4694/09threportinquiryintoprostitutionfinalreportpt1.pdf">Archived</a> 6 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sa.democrats.org.au/parlt/spring2000/1108_h.htm">Hon Sandra Knack. Speech Legislative Council 10 October 2000</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028222709/http://sa.democrats.org.au/parlt/spring2000/1108_h.htm">Archived</a> 28 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-seven-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seven_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-seven_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-seven_119-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/round-seven-on-sex-industry-laws/story-e6frea83-1226147272297">"Round seven on sex industry laws. Adelaide Now Sept 27 2011"</a>. Adelaidenow.com.au. 29 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Round+seven+on+sex+industry+laws.+Adelaide+Now+Sept+27+2011&rft.pub=Adelaidenow.com.au&rft.date=2014-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaidenow.com.au%2Fnews%2Fsouth-australia%2Fround-seven-on-sex-industry-laws%2Fstory-e6frea83-1226147272297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/mp-moves-to-decriminalise-prostitution-in-south-australia/story-e6frea6u-1225874566324">"MP moves to decriminalise prostitution in South Australia, given widespread public support and support within all parties. Adelaide Now 2 June 2010"</a>. Adelaidenow.com.au. 29 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MP+moves+to+decriminalise+prostitution+in+South+Australia%2C+given+widespread+public+support+and+support+within+all+parties.+Adelaide+Now+2+June+2010&rft.pub=Adelaidenow.com.au&rft.date=2014-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaidenow.com.au%2Fmp-moves-to-decriminalise-prostitution-in-south-australia%2Fstory-e6frea6u-1225874566324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/call-for-equality-for-south-australias-sex-workers/story-e6frea83-1225945624339">"Drive for 'equality' laws for South Australia's sex workers. Adelaide Now 30 October 2010"</a>. Adelaidenow.com.au. 29 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drive+for+%27equality%27+laws+for+South+Australia%27s+sex+workers.+Adelaide+Now+30+October+2010&rft.pub=Adelaidenow.com.au&rft.date=2014-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaidenow.com.au%2Fnews%2Fsouth-australia%2Fcall-for-equality-for-south-australias-sex-workers%2Fstory-e6frea83-1225945624339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402101413/http://www.fava.org.au/news/2011/steph-key-s-disastrous-new-brothel-bill/">"Steph Key's disastrous new brothel bill. Family Voice 2 June 2011"</a>. Fava.org.au. 2 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fava.org.au/news/2011/steph-key-s-disastrous-new-brothel-bill/">the original</a> on 2 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steph+Key%27s+disastrous+new+brothel+bill.+Family+Voice+2+June+2011&rft.pub=Fava.org.au&rft.date=2011-06-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fava.org.au%2Fnews%2F2011%2Fsteph-key-s-disastrous-new-brothel-bill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDornin2011" class="citation web cs1">Dornin, Tim (2 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/mp-bids-to-decriminalise-sa-prostitution-20110602-1fi8c.html">"Sydney Morning Herald 2 June 2011"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald+2+June+2011&rft.date=2011-06-02&rft.aulast=Dornin&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.smh.com.au%2Fbreaking-news-national%2Fmp-bids-to-decriminalise-sa-prostitution-20110602-1fi8c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenschke2010" class="citation web cs1">Henschke, Ian (1 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-10-29/push-for-decriminalisation-of-prostitution/2318296">"Push for decriminalisation of prostitution. ABC 1 November 2010"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Push+for+decriminalisation+of+prostitution.+ABC+1+November+2010&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.aulast=Henschke&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2010-10-29%2Fpush-for-decriminalisation-of-prostitution%2F2318296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/mp-steph-key-pushes-to-decriminalise-prostitution-in-sa/story-e6frea6u-1226067513913">"Let's give our sex workers modern rights. Adelaide Now 23 June 2011"</a>. Adelaidenow.com.au. 29 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Let%27s+give+our+sex+workers+modern+rights.+Adelaide+Now+23+June+2011&rft.pub=Adelaidenow.com.au&rft.date=2014-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaidenow.com.au%2Fmp-steph-key-pushes-to-decriminalise-prostitution-in-sa%2Fstory-e6frea6u-1226067513913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2011/s3327086.htm">"SA MPs consider changes to prostitution laws. ABC Sept 27 2011"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 September 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SA+MPs+consider+changes+to+prostitution+laws.+ABC+Sept+27+2011&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=1997-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fpm%2Fcontent%2F2011%2Fs3327086.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/HouseofAssembly/BusinessoftheAssembly/RecordsandPapers/VotesandProceedings/Votes%20and%20Proceedings/68%20Tuesday%2027%20September%202011.pdf">"No 68 - Votes and Proceedings of The House Of Assembly"</a> (PDF). Parliament of South Australia. 27 September 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+of+South+Australia&rft.atitle=No+68+-+Votes+and+Proceedings+of+The+House+Of+Assembly&rft.date=2011-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.sa.gov.au%2FHouseofAssembly%2FBusinessoftheAssembly%2FRecordsandPapers%2FVotesandProceedings%2FVotes%2520and%2520Proceedings%2F68%2520Tuesday%252027%2520September%25202011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130407134229/http://familyfirstsa.blogspot.ca/2012/05/prostitution-law-in-south-australia.html">"Prostitution law in South Australia - Radio Comments - Tuesday 15 May…"</a>. 7 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://familyfirstsa.blogspot.ca/2012/05/prostitution-law-in-south-australia.html">the original</a> on 7 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+law+in+South+Australia+-+Radio+Comments+-+Tuesday+15+May%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2013-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffamilyfirstsa.blogspot.ca%2F2012%2F05%2Fprostitution-law-in-south-australia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/Legislation/BillsMotions/SALT/Pages/default.aspx?SaltResultsPerPage=50&SaltPageNumber=1&SaltSessionID=176&SaltHouseID=0&SaltDateFrom=01/01/1995&SaltDateTo=06/03/2013&SaltTitle=sex+work+&SaltBillTypeID=2&SaltMotionTypeID=0&SaltSortExpression=Date&SaltReverseOrder=False&SaltPageIndex=1&SaltMemberID=0&SaltBillNumber=0&SaltSearchType=1&SaltPageTypeId=2&SaltRecordTypeId=0&SaltRecordId=3277&SaltBillSection=0">"Sex Work Reform Bill 2012: Legislative tracking"</a>. Parliament.sa.gov.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex+Work+Reform+Bill+2012%3A+Legislative+tracking&rft.pub=Parliament.sa.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.sa.gov.au%2FLegislation%2FBillsMotions%2FSALT%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx%3FSaltResultsPerPage%3D50%26SaltPageNumber%3D1%26SaltSessionID%3D176%26SaltHouseID%3D0%26SaltDateFrom%3D01%2F01%2F1995%26SaltDateTo%3D06%2F03%2F2013%26SaltTitle%3Dsex%2Bwork%2B%26SaltBillTypeID%3D2%26SaltMotionTypeID%3D0%26SaltSortExpression%3DDate%26SaltReverseOrder%3DFalse%26SaltPageIndex%3D1%26SaltMemberID%3D0%26SaltBillNumber%3D0%26SaltSearchType%3D1%26SaltPageTypeId%3D2%26SaltRecordTypeId%3D0%26SaltRecordId%3D3277%26SaltBillSection%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130410023415/http://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/B/CURRENT/STATUTES%20AMENDMENT%20(SEX%20WORK%20REFORM)%20BILL%202012_HON%20STEPH%20KEY%20MP.aspx">"Sex Work Reform Bill text"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/B/CURRENT/STATUTES%20AMENDMENT%20(SEX%20WORK%20REFORM)%20BILL%202012_HON%20STEPH%20KEY%20MP.aspx">the original</a> on 10 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex+Work+Reform+Bill+text&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.sa.gov.au%2FLZ%2FB%2FCURRENT%2FSTATUTES%2520AMENDMENT%2520%28SEX%2520WORK%2520REFORM%29%2520BILL%25202012_HON%2520STEPH%2520KEY%2520MP.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/state-politics/women-willing-prostitutes-mp/story-e6frgczx-1226517704642">"Women willing prostitutes: MP. Australian 16 November 2012"</a>. The Australian. 29 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Women+willing+prostitutes%3A+MP.+Australian+16+November+2012&rft.date=2013-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnational-affairs%2Fstate-politics%2Fwomen-willing-prostitutes-mp%2Fstory-e6frgczx-1226517704642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/national/prostitution-reform-stalls-in-sa/story-e6frfku9-1226525172777">"Prostitution reform stalls in SA. News.com 27 November 2012"</a>. News.com.au. 27 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+reform+stalls+in+SA.+News.com+27+November+2012&rft.pub=News.com.au&rft.date=2012-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fbreaking-news%2Fnational%2Fprostitution-reform-stalls-in-sa%2Fstory-e6frfku9-1226525172777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/B/CURRENT/STATUTES%20AMENDMENT%20(DECRIMINALISATION%20OF%20SEX%20WORK)%20BILL%202013_HON%20STEPH%20KEY%20MP/B_AS%20INTRODUCED%20IN%20HA/STATUTES%20SEX%20WORK%20BILL%202013.UN.PDF">Statutes Amendment (Decriminalisation of Sex Work) Bill 2013</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140115013549/http://legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/B/CURRENT/STATUTES%20AMENDMENT%20%28DECRIMINALISATION%20OF%20SEX%20WORK%29%20BILL%202013_HON%20STEPH%20KEY%20MP/B_AS%20INTRODUCED%20IN%20HA/STATUTES%20SEX%20WORK%20BILL%202013.UN.PDF">Archived</a> 15 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/south-australia-labor-mp-steph-key-makes-new-attempt-to-decriminalise-prostitution/story-e6frea83-1226644447085">"South Australia Labor MP Steph Key makes new attempt to decriminalise prostitution. Adelaide Now 16 May 2013"</a>. Adelaidenow.com.au. 29 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Australia+Labor+MP+Steph+Key+makes+new+attempt+to+decriminalise+prostitution.+Adelaide+Now+16+May+2013&rft.pub=Adelaidenow.com.au&rft.date=2014-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaidenow.com.au%2Fnews%2Fsouth-australia%2Fsouth-australia-labor-mp-steph-key-makes-new-attempt-to-decriminalise-prostitution%2Fstory-e6frea83-1226644447085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://becauseimawhore.com/2013/05/22/dear-sa-can-we-have-the-bill/">"Dear SA, can we have the bill?"</a>. Becauseimawhore.com. 22 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dear+SA%2C+can+we+have+the+bill%3F&rft.pub=Becauseimawhore.com&rft.date=2013-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbecauseimawhore.com%2F2013%2F05%2F22%2Fdear-sa-can-we-have-the-bill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOpray2015" class="citation web cs1">Opray, Max (10 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesaturdaypaper.com.au/news/law-crime/2015/07/11/legalising-sex-work-sa/14365368002106">"Legalising sex work in SA"</a>. The Saturday Paper. Retrieved 21 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Saturday+Paper&rft.atitle=Legalising+sex+work+in+SA&rft.date=2015-07-10&rft.aulast=Opray&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesaturdaypaper.com.au%2Fnews%2Flaw-crime%2F2015%2F07%2F11%2Flegalising-sex-work-sa%2F14365368002106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDayman2015-137"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDayman2015_137-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDayman2015">Dayman 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESALT2019-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESALT2019_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESALT2019_138-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSALT2019">SALT 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoisvert2018-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoisvert2018_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoisvert2018">Boisvert 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond2019-140"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond2019_140-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDiamond2019">Diamond 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBriggs2019a-141"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBriggs2019a_141-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBriggs2019a">Briggs 2019a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/consol_act/sioa2005253/">The Sex Industry Offences Act 2005</a> (Tas). </li> <li id="cite_note-catwa-143"><a href="#cite_ref-catwa_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catwa.org.au/prostitution-in-the-australian-news/">"Prostitution in the Australian news | Coalition Against Trafficking in Women Australia"</a>. Coalition Against Trafficking in Women Australia. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coalition+Against+Trafficking+in+Women+Australia&rft.atitle=Prostitution+in+the+Australian+news+%7C+Coalition+Against+Trafficking+in+Women+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catwa.org.au%2Fprostitution-in-the-australian-news%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scarletalliance-144"><a href="#cite_ref-scarletalliance_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/laws/tas/">"Sex Work Laws in Tasmania"</a>. Scarlet Alliance. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scarlet+Alliance&rft.atitle=Sex+Work+Laws+in+Tasmania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flaws%2Ftas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeppard2013-145"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeppard2013_145-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeppard2013">Leppard 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-artefact-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-artefact_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-artefact_146-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-artefact_146-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-artefact_146-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnbull2006" class="citation web cs1">Turnbull, Paul (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utas.edu.au/tasmanian-companion/biogs/E000802b.htm">"Prostitution - Cultural Artefact - Companion to Tasmanian History"</a>. Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centre+for+Tasmanian+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=Prostitution+-+Cultural+Artefact+-+Companion+to+Tasmanian+History&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utas.edu.au%2Ftasmanian-companion%2Fbiogs%2FE000802b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVDL2015-147"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVDL2015_147-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVDL2015">VDL 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1989-148"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander1989_148-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlexander1989">Alexander 1989</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Police Offences Act 1935 (Tas) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/consol_act/poa1935140/s8.html">s 8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/ctee/REPORTS/sex.PDF">"Cover.PDF"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cover.PDF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.tas.gov.au%2Fctee%2FREPORTS%2Fsex.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2016" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Angela (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zabeCwAAQBAJ&q=Sex+Industry+Regulation+Bill+tasmania+2003&pg=PA166">Sister Wives, Surrogates and Sex Workers: Outlaws by Choice?</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317054610" title="Special:BookSources/9781317054610"><bdi>9781317054610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sister+Wives%2C+Surrogates+and+Sex+Workers%3A+Outlaws+by+Choice%3F&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781317054610&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzabeCwAAQBAJ%26q%3DSex%2BIndustry%2BRegulation%2BBill%2Btasmania%2B2003%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/bills/Bills2005/36_of_2005.htm">"Sex Industry Regulation Bill (Tas)"</a>. Parliament.tas.gov.au. 20 January 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex+Industry+Regulation+Bill+%28Tas%29&rft.pub=Parliament.tas.gov.au&rft.date=2006-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.tas.gov.au%2Fbills%2FBills2005%2F36_of_2005.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425230104/http://www.afao.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/7161/ScarletAllianceTAS_Submission0304.pdf">"Scarlet Alliance Submission on Sex Industry Regulation Bill (Tas)"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afao.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/7161/ScarletAllianceTAS_Submission0304.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scarlet+Alliance+Submission+on+Sex+Industry+Regulation+Bill+%28Tas%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afao.org.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0015%2F7161%2FScarletAllianceTAS_Submission0304.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justice.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/123593/Report_of_the_Review_into_the_Sex_Industry_Offences_Act_2005.pdf">"Report on the Review of the Sex Industry Offences Act 2005"</a> (PDF). Department of Justice. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+on+the+Review+of+the+Sex+Industry+Offences+Act+2005&rft.pub=Department+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.tas.gov.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0005%2F123593%2FReport_of_the_Review_into_the_Sex_Industry_Offences_Act_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/library/tas_sub08/">"Submission to Sex Industry Act Review 2008 (Tas), Scarlet Alliance November 2008"</a>. 9 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Submission+to+Sex+Industry+Act+Review+2008+%28Tas%29%2C+Scarlet+Alliance+November+2008&rft.date=2008-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flibrary%2Ftas_sub08%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justice.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/123593/Report_of_the_Review_into_the_Sex_Industry_Offences_Act_2005.pdf">"Report on the Review of the Sex Industry Offences Act 2005. 2009"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+on+the+Review+of+the+Sex+Industry+Offences+Act+2005.+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.tas.gov.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0005%2F123593%2FReport_of_the_Review_into_the_Sex_Industry_Offences_Act_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=29810">"Attorney-General outlines law reform agenda. Government of Tasmania 22 June 2010"</a>. Media.tas.gov.au. 26 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attorney-General+outlines+law+reform+agenda.+Government+of+Tasmania+22+June+2010&rft.pub=Media.tas.gov.au&rft.date=2008-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.media.tas.gov.au%2Frelease.php%3Fid%3D29810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2011" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, Loretta (1 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.examiner.com.au/news/local/news/politics/bartlett-unlikely-to-legalise-brothels/2121850.aspx">"Bartlett unlikely to legalise brothels. The Examiner 2 April 2011"</a>. Examiner.com.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bartlett+unlikely+to+legalise+brothels.+The+Examiner+2+April+2011&rft.pub=Examiner.com.au&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Loretta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.examiner.com.au%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fbartlett-unlikely-to-legalise-brothels%2F2121850.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETasmania_Justice2012a-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETasmania_Justice2012a_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTasmania_Justice2012a">Tasmania Justice 2012a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETasmania_Justice2012-160"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETasmania_Justice2012_160-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTasmania_Justice2012">Tasmania Justice 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502234731/http://www.justice.tas.gov.au/legislationreview/reviews/regulation_of_sex_industry_in_tasmania-discussion_paper/submissions">"Submissions to the Regulation of the Sex Industry in Tasmania Discussion Paper"</a>. Justice.tas.gov.au. 23 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justice.tas.gov.au/legislationreview/reviews/regulation_of_sex_industry_in_tasmania-discussion_paper/submissions">the original</a> on 2 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Submissions+to+the+Regulation+of+the+Sex+Industry+in+Tasmania+Discussion+Paper&rft.pub=Justice.tas.gov.au&rft.date=2014-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.tas.gov.au%2Flegislationreview%2Freviews%2Fregulation_of_sex_industry_in_tasmania-discussion_paper%2Fsubmissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawgovpol.com/database/category/prostitution/">Opinions sought on sex law reforms. Lawgovpol 13 March 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130924044838/http://lawgovpol.com/database/category/prostitution/">Archived</a> 24 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130410014645/http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2012/06/03/334061_tasmania-news.html">"Expert adds to sex debate Tasmania News - The Mercury - The Voice of …"</a>. 10 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2012/06/03/334061_tasmania-news.html">the original</a> on 10 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Expert+adds+to+sex+debate+Tasmania+News+-+The+Mercury+-+The+Voice+of+%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2013-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themercury.com.au%2Farticle%2F2012%2F06%2F03%2F334061_tasmania-news.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConsumer_Affairs_Victoria" class="citation web cs1">Consumer Affairs Victoria, Victorian Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consumer.vic.gov.au/resources-and-tools/other-languages/english/sex-work-decriminalisation-resources">"English sex work decriminalisation resources"</a>. www.consumer.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.consumer.vic.gov.au&rft.atitle=English+sex+work+decriminalisation+resources&rft.aulast=Consumer+Affairs+Victoria&rft.aufirst=Victorian+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.consumer.vic.gov.au%2Fresources-and-tools%2Fother-languages%2Fenglish%2Fsex-work-decriminalisation-resources&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParliament_of_Victoria" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Victoria" title="Parliament of Victoria">Parliament of Victoria</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/in-force/acts/summary-offences-act-1966/142">"Summary Offenses Act 1966"</a>. Retrieved 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+Offenses+Act+1966&rft.au=Parliament+of+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.vic.gov.au%2Fin-force%2Facts%2Fsummary-offences-act-1966%2F142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanrights.vic.gov.au/static/bb9bc7cd2bf5f934b039d89d0f0baab6/Resource-Sex_work_discrimination-Guideline-English-May_2023-2.pdf">"Guideline: Sex work discrimination"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Equal_Opportunity_and_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission">Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission</a>. May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guideline%3A+Sex+work+discrimination&rft.pub=Victorian+Equal+Opportunity+and+Human+Rights+Commission&rft.date=2023-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanrights.vic.gov.au%2Fstatic%2Fbb9bc7cd2bf5f934b039d89d0f0baab6%2FResource-Sex_work_discrimination-Guideline-English-May_2023-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-swaa2011-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swaa2011_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-swaa2011_167-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-swaa2011_167-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/publications/research-papers/2222-sex-work-and-other-acts-amendment-bill-2011/download">"Sex Work and Other Acts Amendment Bill 2011. Parliamentary Library October 2011"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex+Work+and+Other+Acts+Amendment+Bill+2011.+Parliamentary+Library+October+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.vic.gov.au%2Fpublications%2Fresearch-papers%2F2222-sex-work-and-other-acts-amendment-bill-2011%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/tva1852127.pdf">Vagrant Act 1852</a> (Vic). </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> Any habitual Drunkard having been thrice convicted of drunkenness within the preceding twelve months and any common Prostitute who in any Street or public Highway or being in any place of public Resort shall behave in a riotous or indecent manner....shall be liable to imprisonment in any Gaol or House of Correction in the said Colony for any time not exceeding twelve months with or without hard labour. </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/tcopha1878318.pdf">Conservation of Public Health Act 1878</a> (Vic). </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> 4. Upon complaint made on oath by a sergeant of police or by an officer of a higher rank in the police force that a female is or is reputed to be a common prostitute or has within fourteen days prior to the making of such complaint solicited prostitution and that he has been informed and has reason to believe that she is suffering from the disease a police magistrate may by notice in the form set forth in the First Schedule hereto or to the like effect require such female to appear before him and prove by the evidence of some legally qualified medical practitioner that she is free from the disease </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/ca189182.pdf">Crimes Act 1891</a> (Vic) Sections 14–21. </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/poa1891140.pdf">Police Offences Act 1891</a> (Vic). </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> (2) Every common prostitute who importunes any person passing in any public street thoroughfare or place or within the view or hearing of any person passing therein—shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Five pounds or to imprisonment for any period not exceeding one month. </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/poa1907140.pdf">Police Offences Act 1907</a> (Vic). </li> <li id="cite_note-poliyics-176"><a href="#cite_ref-poliyics_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarverMottier1998" class="citation book cs1">Carver, Terrell; Mottier, Véronique (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GVFm126427EC&q=Melbourne+massage+parlours+in+the+1970s&pg=PA181">Politics of Sexuality: Identity, Gender, Citizenship</a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415169530" title="Special:BookSources/9780415169530"><bdi>9780415169530</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+of+Sexuality%3A+Identity%2C+Gender%2C+Citizenship&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780415169530&rft.aulast=Carver&rft.aufirst=Terrell&rft.au=Mottier%2C+V%C3%A9ronique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGVFm126427EC%26q%3DMelbourne%2Bmassage%2Bparlours%2Bin%2Bthe%2B1970s%26pg%3DPA181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/07/12/1026185109176.html">"Hard sell on Sex Street"</a>. www.theage.com.au. 13 July 2002. Retrieved 14 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theage.com.au&rft.atitle=Hard+sell+on+Sex+Street&rft.date=2002-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Farticles%2F2002%2F07%2F12%2F1026185109176.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-saltskakers-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-saltskakers_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-saltskakers_178-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStokes" class="citation web cs1">Stokes, Jenny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saltshakers.org.au/images/stories/attachments/246_513413_ISSUES_-_PROSTITUTION_-_.pdf">"Prostitution in Victoria - the effects of legalisation"</a> (PDF). Salt Skakers. Retrieved 14 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salt+Skakers&rft.atitle=Prostitution+in+Victoria+-+the+effects+of+legalisation&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saltshakers.org.au%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fattachments%2F246_513413_ISSUES_-_PROSTITUTION_-_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaster2001" class="citation book cs1">Laster, Kathy (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vT_otRidy2MC&q=prostitution+regulation+act+1986+opposition&pg=PA154">Law as Culture</a>. Federation Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781862873506" title="Special:BookSources/9781862873506"><bdi>9781862873506</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Law+as+Culture&rft.pub=Federation+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781862873506&rft.aulast=Laster&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvT_otRidy2MC%26q%3Dprostitution%2Bregulation%2Bact%2B1986%2Bopposition%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoddeWoods2022" class="citation news cs1">Godde, Callum; Woods, Emily (10 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.examiner.com.au/story/7615400/vic-decriminalises-sex-work-as-bill-passes/">"Vic decriminalises sex work as bill passes"</a>. The Examiner. Retrieved 24 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Examiner&rft.atitle=Vic+decriminalises+sex+work+as+bill+passes&rft.date=2022-02-10&rft.aulast=Godde&rft.aufirst=Callum&rft.au=Woods%2C+Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.examiner.com.au%2Fstory%2F7615400%2Fvic-decriminalises-sex-work-as-bill-passes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-181">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_181-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_181-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/policy-and-strategy/decriminalisation-of-sex-work-in-victoria">"Decriminalisation of sex work in Victoria"</a>. Planning. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planning&rft.atitle=Decriminalisation+of+sex+work+in+Victoria&rft.date=2022-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planning.vic.gov.au%2Fpolicy-and-strategy%2Fdecriminalisation-of-sex-work-in-victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/hist_act/pca1994295.pdf">Prostitution Control Act 1994</a> (Vic) </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/swa1994129/">Sex Work Act 1994</a> (Vic). </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> rimes Act 1958 (Vic) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/ca195882/s45.html">s 45</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> Consumer Affairs Victoria – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consumer.vic.gov.au/CA256902000FE154/Lookup/CAV_Publications_Consultations_Reviews/$file/PropProstitutionRegs2006_RIS.pdf">Proposed Prostitution Control Regulations 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091229061146/http://www.consumer.vic.gov.au/CA256902000FE154/Lookup/CAV_Publications_Consultations_Reviews/%24file/PropProstitutionRegs2006_RIS.pdf">Archived</a> 29 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p8. </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popcenter.org/problems/street_prostitution/PDFs/Victoria_prostitution_2002.pdf">"Executive Summary"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Executive+Summary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popcenter.org%2Fproblems%2Fstreet_prostitution%2FPDFs%2FVictoria_prostitution_2002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/publications/research-papers/686-prostitution-control-and-other-matters-amendment-bill-2008/download">"Prostitution-control and other matters amendment bill 2008. Parliamentary Library 2008"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution-control+and+other+matters+amendment+bill+2008.+Parliamentary+Library+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.vic.gov.au%2Fpublications%2Fresearch-papers%2F686-prostitution-control-and-other-matters-amendment-bill-2008%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317120109/http://sexworker.org.au/Portals/0/documents/Changes%20to%20laws.pdf">"FINAL RED No. 19 gone to print[1].pdf"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sexworker.org.au/Portals/0/documents/Changes%20to%20laws.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 17 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FINAL+RED+No.+19+gone+to+print%5B1%26%2393%3B.pdf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsexworker.org.au%2FPortals%2F0%2Fdocuments%2FChanges%2520to%2520laws.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/static/www.legislation.vic.gov.au-statbook.html">"Sex Work and Other Acts Amendment Act 2011"</a>. Parliament.vic.gov.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex+Work+and+Other+Acts+Amendment+Act+2011&rft.pub=Parliament.vic.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.vic.gov.au%2Fstatic%2Fwww.legislation.vic.gov.au-statbook.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/PubStatbook.nsf/51dea49770555ea6ca256da4001b90cd/58D7A5BFA4DD2CCECA2577AC0020D9E0/$FILE/10-063a.pdf">"Consumer Affairs Legislation Amendment (Reform) Act 2010"</a> (PDF). Victorian Legislation and Parliamentary Documents. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Affairs+Legislation+Amendment+%28Reform%29+Act+2010&rft.pub=Victorian+Legislation+and+Parliamentary+Documents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.vic.gov.au%2FDomino%2FWeb_Notes%2FLDMS%2FPubStatbook.nsf%2F51dea49770555ea6ca256da4001b90cd%2F58D7A5BFA4DD2CCECA2577AC0020D9E0%2F%24FILE%2F10-063a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mary-191">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mary_191-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mary_191-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mary_191-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mary_191-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffreysSullivan2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Jeffreys" title="Sheila Jeffreys">Jeffreys, Sheila</a>; Sullivan, Mary (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catwa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Legalisation-not-the-answer.pdf">"Legalising prostitution is not the answer: the example of Victoria, Australia"</a> (PDF). Coalition Against Trafficking In Women. Retrieved 7 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legalising+prostitution+is+not+the+answer%3A+the+example+of+Victoria%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Coalition+Against+Trafficking+In+Women&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Jeffreys&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catwa.org.au%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F10%2FLegalisation-not-the-answer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul-192">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_192-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_192-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTatnell2011" class="citation news cs1">Tatnell, Paul (14 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/national/brothels-boom-in-the-suburbs/story-e6frfkvr-1226020854619">"Brothels boom in the suburbs"</a>. News.com.au. Retrieved 5 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.com.au&rft.atitle=Brothels+boom+in+the+suburbs&rft.date=2011-03-14&rft.aulast=Tatnell&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fnational%2Fbrothels-boom-in-the-suburbs%2Fstory-e6frfkvr-1226020854619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFyfe2008" class="citation news cs1">Fyfe, Melissa (19 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/national/sex-called-off-in-hunt-for-illegal-brothels-20081018-53nx.html">"Sex called off in hunt for illegal brothels"</a>. The Age. Retrieved 5 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Sex+called+off+in+hunt+for+illegal+brothels&rft.date=2008-10-19&rft.aulast=Fyfe&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnational%2Fsex-called-off-in-hunt-for-illegal-brothels-20081018-53nx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chen-194"><a href="#cite_ref-Chen_194-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenDonovan2010" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, MY; Donovan, B; et al. (February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1753-6405.2010.00476.x">"Estimating the number of unlicensed brothels operating in Melbourne"</a>. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 34 (1): 67–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1753-6405.2010.00476.x">10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00476.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10536%2FDRO%2FDU%3A30030475">10536/DRO/DU:30030475</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20920108">20920108</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11899925">11899925</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+number+of+unlicensed+brothels+operating+in+Melbourne&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=67-71&rft.date=2010-02&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10536%2FDRO%2FDU%3A30030475&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11899925%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20920108&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1753-6405.2010.00476.x&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=MY&rft.au=Donovan%2C+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1753-6405.2010.00476.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://popcenter.asu.edu/sites/default/files/problems/street_prostitution/PDFs/Victoria_prostitution_2002.pdf">"Attorney General's Street Prostitution Advisory Group - Final Report"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417130553/https://popcenter.asu.edu/sites/default/files/problems/street_prostitution/PDFs/Victoria_prostitution_2002.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attorney+General%27s+Street+Prostitution+Advisory+Group+-+Final+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopcenter.asu.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fproblems%2Fstreet_prostitution%2FPDFs%2FVictoria_prostitution_2002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rob-196">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rob_196-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rob_196-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/library/agspag02">"Final Report"</a> (PDF). Scarlet Alliance. State Government of Victoria. April 2002. Retrieved 5 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scarlet+Alliance&rft.atitle=Final+Report&rft.date=2002-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flibrary%2Fagspag02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rec-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rec_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rec_197-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/laws/vic/vicrecommendations_2010/">""Response to Victorian Recommendations into trafficking for sex work" 2010"</a>. Scarlet Alliance. 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scarlet+Alliance&rft.atitle=%22Response+to+Victorian+Recommendations+into+trafficking+for+sex+work%22+2010&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flaws%2Fvic%2Fvicrecommendations_2010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffreysMatthewsThomas2010" class="citation journal cs1">Jeffreys, Elena; Matthews, Kane; Thomas, Alina (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/library/Jeffreys_Matthews_Thomas_2010/">"HIV criminalisation and sex work in Australia"</a>. Reproductive Health Matters. 18 (35). Elsevier: 129–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0968-8080%2810%2935496-6">10.1016/S0968-8080(10)35496-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20541091">20541091</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11284156">11284156</a>. Retrieved 5 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Health+Matters&rft.atitle=HIV+criminalisation+and+sex+work+in+Australia&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=129-36&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11284156%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20541091&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0968-8080%2810%2935496-6&rft.aulast=Jeffreys&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft.au=Matthews%2C+Kane&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Alina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flibrary%2FJeffreys_Matthews_Thomas_2010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2011" class="citation web cs1">West, Michael (1 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/trading-in-sex-asx-float-for-mega-brothel-20110801-1i88a.html">"Trading in sex: ASX float for mega brothel"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Trading+in+sex%3A+ASX+float+for+mega+brothel&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fnsw%2Ftrading-in-sex-asx-float-for-mega-brothel-20110801-1i88a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2012" class="citation cs2">Sullivan, Mary Lucille (2012), "Legitimizing prostitution: critical reflections on policies in Australia", in <a href="/wiki/Maddy_Coy" title="Maddy Coy">Coy, Maddy</a> (ed.), Prostitution, harm and gender inequality: theory, research and policy, Farnham, Surrey, England Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, pp. 141–158, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409405450" title="Special:BookSources/9781409405450"><bdi>9781409405450</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Legitimizing+prostitution%3A+critical+reflections+on+policies+in+Australia&rft.btitle=Prostitution%2C+harm+and+gender+inequality%3A+theory%2C+research+and+policy&rft.place=Farnham%2C+Surrey%2C+England+Burlington%2C+Vermont&rft.pages=141-158&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781409405450&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Mary+Lucille&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sullivan-201">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_201-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_201-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_201-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_201-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_201-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Sullivan2005" class="citation web cs1">Mary Sullivan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catwa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/What-happens-when-prostitution-becomes-work.pdf">"What Happens When Prostitution Becomes Work? An Update on Legalisation of Prostitution in Australia"</a> (PDF). catwa.org.au. Retrieved 7 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catwa.org.au&rft.atitle=What+Happens+When+Prostitution+Becomes+Work%3F+An+Update+on+Legalisation+of+Prostitution+in+Australia&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Mary+Sullivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catwa.org.au%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F12%2FWhat-happens-when-prostitution-becomes-work.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ojs.unbc.ca/index.php/cpsr/article/download/48/168">"Leslie Ann Jeffrey and Barbara Sullivan. Canadian Sex Work Policy for the 21st Century: Enhancing Rights and Safety, Lessons from Australia. Canadian Political Science Review 3(1) March 2009 (57-76)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leslie+Ann+Jeffrey+and+Barbara+Sullivan.+Canadian+Sex+Work+Policy+for+the+21st+Century%3A+Enhancing+Rights+and+Safety%2C+Lessons+from+Australia.+Canadian+Political+Science+Review+3%281%29+March+2009+%2857-76%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fojs.unbc.ca%2Findex.php%2Fcpsr%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F48%2F168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah" class="citation web cs1">Shah, Manisha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120128210646/http://www.socsci.uci.edu/~mbshah/papers/Shah_bookreview.pdf">"Review of Making Sex Work: A Failed Experiment with Legalised Prostitution, by Mary Lucille Sullivan, Feminist Economics, 2008, 14(4): 216–218"</a> (PDF). Department of Economics, University of Melbourne. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socsci.uci.edu/~mbshah/papers/Shah_bookreview.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+Making+Sex+Work%3A+A+Failed+Experiment+with+Legalised+Prostitution%2C+by+Mary+Lucille+Sullivan%2C+Feminist+Economics%2C+2008%2C+14%284%29%3A+216%E2%80%93218&rft.pub=Department+of+Economics%2C+University+of+Melbourne&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Manisha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socsci.uci.edu%2F~mbshah%2Fpapers%2FShah_bookreview.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodyear_et_al2007-204"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodyear_et_al2007_204-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoodyear_et_al2007">Goodyear et al 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeitzer2012" class="citation web cs1">Weitzer, Ronald (2 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lastradainternational.org/lsidocs/prostitution%20mythology%202010%20(2).pdf">"Ronald Weitzer. The Mythology of Prostitution: Advocacy Research and Public Policy. Sex Res Soc Policy (2010) 7:15–29"</a> (PDF). Papers.ssrn.com. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1877989">1877989</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ronald+Weitzer.+The+Mythology+of+Prostitution%3A+Advocacy+Research+and+Public+Policy.+Sex+Res+Soc+Policy+%282010%29+7%3A15%E2%80%9329&rft.pub=Papers.ssrn.com&rft.date=2012-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1877989%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Weitzer&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flastradainternational.org%2Flsidocs%2Fprostitution%2520mythology%25202010%2520%282%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEProstitution_Act2000-206">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEProstitution_Act2000_206-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEProstitution_Act2000_206-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFProstitution_Act2000">Prostitution Act 2000</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScarlet_Alliance_WA2016-207">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScarlet_Alliance_WA2016_207-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScarlet_Alliance_WA2016_207-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFScarlet_Alliance_WA2016">Scarlet Alliance WA 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010-208">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010_208-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010_208-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010_208-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010_208-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010_208-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonovan_et_al2010_208-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonovan_et_al2010">Donovan et al 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESelvey_et_al2018-209"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelvey_et_al2018_209-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSelvey_et_al2018">Selvey et al 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzgerald2012-210">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzgerald2012_210-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzgerald2012_210-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzgerald2012_210-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFFitzgerald2012">Fitzgerald 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPLRWG2007-211">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLRWG2007_211-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLRWG2007_211-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLRWG2007_211-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPLRWG2007_211-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFPLRWG2007">PLRWG 2007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKewon2005-212"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKewon2005_212-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKewon2005">McKewon 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWAM2016-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWAM2016_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWAM2016">WAM 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeitzer2009-214"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeitzer2009_214-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWeitzer2009">Weitzer 2009</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESLWA2015-215"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESLWA2015_215-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSLWA2015">SLWA 2015</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagyPowell2016-216"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagyPowell2016_216-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNagyPowell2016">Nagy & Powell 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPCB_20022002-217"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPCB_20022002_217-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPCB_20022002">PCB 2002 2002</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2002-218">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2002_218-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2002_218-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2002">Roberts 2002</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHCC2003-219"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHCC2003_219-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHCC2003">HCC 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/Parliament/Bills.nsf/6277A413C12E7D8248256CFC0013FF88/$File/Bill190.pdf">"Prostitution Amendment Bill 2003"</a> (PDF). Parliament Western Australia. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+Amendment+Bill+2003&rft.pub=Parliament+Western+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.wa.gov.au%2FParliament%2FBills.nsf%2F6277A413C12E7D8248256CFC0013FF88%2F%24File%2FBill190.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECroftsSummerfield2008-221">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroftsSummerfield2008_221-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECroftsSummerfield2008_221-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCroftsSummerfield2008">Crofts & Summerfield 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/69C82283719FC1A448256F18000D8EA4/$File/EM-Bill341.pdf">"Criminal Law Amendment (Simple Offences) Bill 2004"</a> (PDF). Parliament Western Australia. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+Western+Australia&rft.atitle=Criminal+Law+Amendment+%28Simple+Offences%29+Bill+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.wa.gov.au%2Fparliament%2Fbills.nsf%2F69C82283719FC1A448256F18000D8EA4%2F%24File%2FEM-Bill341.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/wa/num_act/paa200813o2008331/">Prostitution Amendment Act 2008</a> (WA). </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_6246.htm/$FILE/Prostitution%20Amendment%20Act%202008%20-%20%5B00-00-03%5D.html?OpenElement">"Prostitution Amendment Act 2008"</a>. Western Australian Legislation. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Western+Australian+Legislation&rft.atitle=Prostitution+Amendment+Act+2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.wa.gov.au%2Flegislation%2Fprod%2Ffilestore.nsf%2FFileURL%2Fmrdoc_6246.htm%2F%24FILE%2FProstitution%2520Amendment%2520Act%25202008%2520-%2520%255B00-00-03%255D.html%3FOpenElement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRimrod2010" class="citation web cs1">Rimrod, Fran (14 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/brothels-in-wa-suburbs-uncontrolled-opposition-20100314-q5tj.html">"Brothels in WA suburbs 'uncontrolled': opposition. WA Today 14 March 2010"</a>. Watoday.com.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brothels+in+WA+suburbs+%27uncontrolled%27%3A+opposition.+WA+Today+14+March+2010&rft.pub=Watoday.com.au&rft.date=2010-03-14&rft.aulast=Rimrod&rft.aufirst=Fran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.watoday.com.au%2Fwa-news%2Fbrothels-in-wa-suburbs-uncontrolled-opposition-20100314-q5tj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perthnow.com.au/lifestyle/plans-to-legalise-prostitution-fast-tracked/story-e6frg3pl-1225812016927">"Plans to legalise prostitution fast-tracked. Perth Now 19 Dec 2009"</a>. Perthnow.com.au. 19 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plans+to+legalise+prostitution+fast-tracked.+Perth+Now+19+Dec+2009&rft.pub=Perthnow.com.au&rft.date=2009-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perthnow.com.au%2Flifestyle%2Fplans-to-legalise-prostitution-fast-tracked%2Fstory-e6frg3pl-1225812016927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/legalised-sex-trade-to-clear-suburbs/story-e6frg6nf-1225882022009">"Legalised sex trade to clear suburbs. The Australian 21 June 2010"</a>. The Australian. 29 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Legalised+sex+trade+to+clear+suburbs.+The+Australian+21+June+2010&rft.date=2013-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Flegalised-sex-trade-to-clear-suburbs%2Fstory-e6frg6nf-1225882022009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/hundreds-of-brothels-tipped-to-shut-as-western-australia-legalises-prostitution/story-e6frfku0-1225881924706">"Hundreds of brothels tipped to shut as Western Australia legalises prostitution. News.com 10 June 2010"</a>. News.com.au. 20 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hundreds+of+brothels+tipped+to+shut+as+Western+Australia+legalises+prostitution.+News.com+10+June+2010&rft.pub=News.com.au&rft.date=2010-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fbreaking-news%2Fhundreds-of-brothels-tipped-to-shut-as-western-australia-legalises-prostitution%2Fstory-e6frfku0-1225881924706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://au.christiantoday.com/article/wa-government-has-not-done-its-homework-on-dangerous-brothel-trade/8495.htm">"WA Government has not done its homework on dangerous brothel trade. Christian Today 21 June 2010"</a>. Au.christiantoday.com. 21 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WA+Government+has+not+done+its+homework+on+dangerous+brothel+trade.+Christian+Today+21+June+2010&rft.pub=Au.christiantoday.com&rft.date=2010-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fau.christiantoday.com%2Farticle%2Fwa-government-has-not-done-its-homework-on-dangerous-brothel-trade%2F8495.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/06/18/2930362.htm">"Opposition questions delay in prostitution laws ABC 18 June 2010"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 18 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opposition+questions+delay+in+prostitution+laws+ABC+18+June+2010&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2010-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2010%2F06%2F18%2F2930362.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/06/18/2930495.htm">"No split on prostitution says Attorney General. ABC 18 June 2010"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 18 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+split+on+prostitution+says+Attorney+General.+ABC+18+June+2010&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2010-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2010%2F06%2F18%2F2930495.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://au.christiantoday.com/article/wa-attorney-general-fails-to-persuade-on-brothel-law/8411.htm">"WA Attorney-General fails to persuade on brothel law. Christian Today 10 June 2010"</a>. Au.christiantoday.com. 10 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WA+Attorney-General+fails+to+persuade+on+brothel+law.+Christian+Today+10+June+2010&rft.pub=Au.christiantoday.com&rft.date=2010-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fau.christiantoday.com%2Farticle%2Fwa-attorney-general-fails-to-persuade-on-brothel-law%2F8411.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706112806/http://www.therecord.com.au/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1796&Itemid=27">"Attorney General challenges anti-prostitution lobby. The Record 17 June 2010"</a>. Therecord.com.au. 23 October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.therecord.com.au/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1796&Itemid=27">the original</a> on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attorney+General+challenges+anti-prostitution+lobby.+The+Record+17+June+2010&rft.pub=Therecord.com.au&rft.date=2013-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.therecord.com.au%2Fsite%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D1796%26Itemid%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/wa/5802104/unlawful-brothels-flourish-in-suburbs/">"West Australian 23 May 2009"</a>. Yahoo! News. 23 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=West+Australian+23+May+2009&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+News&rft.date=2009-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fau.news.yahoo.com%2Fthewest%2Fa%2F-%2Fwa%2F5802104%2Funlawful-brothels-flourish-in-suburbs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110217070130/http://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Results.aspx?ItemID=134502">"Ministerial Statement 25 November 2010"</a>. Mediastatements.wa.gov.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Results.aspx?ItemID=134502">the original</a> on 17 February 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministerial+Statement+25+November+2010&rft.pub=Mediastatements.wa.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediastatements.wa.gov.au%2FPages%2FResults.aspx%3FItemID%3D134502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/Hansard/hansard.nsf/search">"Hansard Prostitution 2010 (25 November)"</a>. Parliament.wa.gov.au. 14 March 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hansard+Prostitution+2010+%2825+November%29&rft.pub=Parliament.wa.gov.au&rft.date=1996-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.wa.gov.au%2FHansard%2Fhansard.nsf%2Fsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.watoday.com.au/breaking-news-national/wa-looks-at-tougher-antibrothel-laws-20101125-188sh.html">"WA looks at tougher anti-brothel laws. WA Today 25 November 2010"</a>. Watoday.com.au. 25 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WA+looks+at+tougher+anti-brothel+laws.+WA+Today+25+November+2010&rft.pub=Watoday.com.au&rft.date=2010-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.watoday.com.au%2Fbreaking-news-national%2Fwa-looks-at-tougher-antibrothel-laws-20101125-188sh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.familydirectory.com.au/news_manager/templates/?a=2407">Christian Lobby says WA prostitution laws do not go far enough. Family Directory 23 December 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706103830/http://www.familydirectory.com.au/news_manager/templates/?a=2407">Archived</a> 6 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.makeastand.org.au/campaign/index.php?campaign_id=38">"Women are worth more. Australian Christian Lobby"</a>. Makeastand.org.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+are+worth+more.+Australian+Christian+Lobby&rft.pub=Makeastand.org.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.makeastand.org.au%2Fcampaign%2Findex.php%3Fcampaign_id%3D38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/breaking/8821664/churches-oppose-legal-brothels/">"Churches oppose legal brothels. West Australian 12 February 2011"</a>. Yahoo! News. 12 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Churches+oppose+legal+brothels.+West+Australian+12+February+2011&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+News&rft.date=2011-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fau.news.yahoo.com%2Fthewest%2Fa%2F-%2Fbreaking%2F8821664%2Fchurches-oppose-legal-brothels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/wa/8827097/prostitutes-blast-brothel-law-plans/">"Prostitutes blast brothel law plans. West Australian 14 February 2011"</a>. Yahoo! News. 14 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitutes+blast+brothel+law+plans.+West+Australian+14+February+2011&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+News&rft.date=2011-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fau.news.yahoo.com%2Fthewest%2Fa%2F-%2Fwa%2F8827097%2Fprostitutes-blast-brothel-law-plans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/library/subwa_2011">"Submission of Scarlet Alliance 27 January 2011"</a>. 10 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Submission+of+Scarlet+Alliance+27+January+2011&rft.date=2011-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flibrary%2Fsubwa_2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320050426/http://www.afao.org.au/library/hiv-australia/volume-8/number-4/wa-sex-industry">"Whose safety? Regulation of the sex industry in Western Australia. Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations January 2011"</a>. Afao.org.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afao.org.au/library/hiv-australia/volume-8/number-4/wa-sex-industry">the original</a> on 20 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whose+safety%3F+Regulation+of+the+sex+industry+in+Western+Australia.+Australian+Federation+of+AIDS+Organisations+January+2011&rft.pub=Afao.org.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afao.org.au%2Flibrary%2Fhiv-australia%2Fvolume-8%2Fnumber-4%2Fwa-sex-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111111232130/http://www.department.dotag.wa.gov.au/_files/Prostitution_Bill_2011.pdf">"Microsoft Word - Prostitution Bill 2011 - Green Bill _218-1_.doc"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.department.dotag.wa.gov.au/_files/Prostitution_Bill_2011.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Word+-+Prostitution+Bill+2011+-+Green+Bill+_218-1_.doc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.department.dotag.wa.gov.au%2F_files%2FProstitution_Bill_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120311124750/http://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Results.aspx?ItemID=141141">"Ministerial Statement 14 June 2011"</a>. Mediastatements.wa.gov.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Results.aspx?ItemID=141141">the original</a> on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministerial+Statement+14+June+2011&rft.pub=Mediastatements.wa.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediastatements.wa.gov.au%2FPages%2FResults.aspx%3FItemID%3D141141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRickard2011" class="citation web cs1">Rickard, Lucy (14 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.watoday.com.au/wa-news/no-sex-in-the-suburbs-under-new-prostitution-laws-20110614-1g1m3.html">"No sex in the suburbs under new prostitution laws. WA Today 14 June 2011"</a>. Watoday.com.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+sex+in+the+suburbs+under+new+prostitution+laws.+WA+Today+14+June+2011&rft.pub=Watoday.com.au&rft.date=2011-06-14&rft.aulast=Rickard&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.watoday.com.au%2Fwa-news%2Fno-sex-in-the-suburbs-under-new-prostitution-laws-20110614-1g1m3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.department.dotag.wa.gov.au/P/prostitution_bill_2011_frequently_asked_questions_faq.aspx?uid=2138-4239-6888-5851">Prostitution Bill 2011 FAQs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822184907/http://www.department.dotag.wa.gov.au/P/prostitution_bill_2011_frequently_asked_questions_faq.aspx?uid=2138-4239-6888-5851">Archived</a> 22 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justicemandate.org/prostitution/">"Opposing liberalisation of prostitution. Justice Mandate"</a>. Justicemandate.org. 19 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opposing+liberalisation+of+prostitution.+Justice+Mandate&rft.pub=Justicemandate.org&rft.date=2011-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justicemandate.org%2Fprostitution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lifeministries.org.au/">"Please help stop the legalisation of prostitution in Western Australia. Life ministries"</a>. Lifeministries.org.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Please+help+stop+the+legalisation+of+prostitution+in+Western+Australia.+Life+ministries&rft.pub=Lifeministries.org.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flifeministries.org.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.makeastand.org.au/campaign/index.php?campaign_id=38">"Women are worth more"</a>. Makeastand.org.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+are+worth+more&rft.pub=Makeastand.org.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.makeastand.org.au%2Fcampaign%2Findex.php%3Fcampaign_id%3D38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120213313/http://nothing-about-us-without-us.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/WA-Prostitution-Bill-2011_Submission-in-response-to-the-WA-Prostituion-Bill-2011_Final.pdf">"Nothing About Us Without US. July 2011"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nothing-about-us-without-us.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/WA-Prostitution-Bill-2011_Submission-in-response-to-the-WA-Prostituion-Bill-2011_Final.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nothing+About+Us+Without+US.+July+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnothing-about-us-without-us.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F08%2FWA-Prostitution-Bill-2011_Submission-in-response-to-the-WA-Prostituion-Bill-2011_Final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/library/wa_2011/">"Scarlet Alliance response"</a>. 10 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scarlet+Alliance+response&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flibrary%2Fwa_2011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111111232133/http://www.department.dotag.wa.gov.au/_files/Prostitution_Bill_2011_Significant_changes.pdf">"Significant Changes to the Prostitution Bill Nov 2011"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.department.dotag.wa.gov.au/_files/Prostitution_Bill_2011_Significant_changes.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Significant+Changes+to+the+Prostitution+Bill+Nov+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.department.dotag.wa.gov.au%2F_files%2FProstitution_Bill_2011_Significant_changes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/prostitution-bill-passed-in-parliament-expected-to-regulate-the-industry/story-e6frg13u-1226184683046">"Prostitution Bill passed in Parliament expected to regulate the industry. Perth Now 3 Nov 2011"</a>. Perthnow.com.au. 3 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+Bill+passed+in+Parliament+expected+to+regulate+the+industry.+Perth+Now+3+Nov+2011&rft.pub=Perthnow.com.au&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perthnow.com.au%2Fnews%2Fwestern-australia%2Fprostitution-bill-passed-in-parliament-expected-to-regulate-the-industry%2Fstory-e6frg13u-1226184683046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpoonerTrenwith2011" class="citation web cs1">Spooner, Rania & Trenwith, Courtney (3 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/wa-news/prostitution-crackdown-will-push-all-sex-workers-out-of-suburbs-20111103-1mwyc.html">"Prostitution crackdown will push all sex workers out of suburbs. Sydney Morning Herald 3 Nov 2011"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Prostitution+crackdown+will+push+all+sex+workers+out+of+suburbs.+Sydney+Morning+Herald+3+Nov+2011&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft.aulast=Spooner&rft.aufirst=Rania&rft.au=Trenwith%2C+Courtney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fwa-news%2Fprostitution-crackdown-will-push-all-sex-workers-out-of-suburbs-20111103-1mwyc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/sex-workers-fear-wa-prostitution-bill/story-e6frfku0-1226185059925">"Sex workers fear WA prostitution bill. News.com 3 2011"</a>. News.com.au. 3 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex+workers+fear+WA+prostitution+bill.+News.com+3+2011&rft.pub=News.com.au&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fbreaking-news%2Fsex-workers-fear-wa-prostitution-bill%2Fstory-e6frfku0-1226185059925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrillees2011" class="citation web cs1">Merrillees, Louise (4 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-11-04/will-new-prostitution-laws-drive-it-underground3f/3636524?section=wa">"Will new laws force prostitution underground? ABC 4 Nov 2011"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Will+new+laws+force+prostitution+underground%3F+ABC+4+Nov+2011&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2011-11-04&rft.aulast=Merrillees&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2011-11-04%2Fwill-new-prostitution-laws-drive-it-underground3f%2F3636524%3Fsection%3Dwa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2011" class="citation web cs1">Parker, Gareth (3 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewest.com.au/news/crime/prostitution-to-be-banned-in-suburban-perth-ng-ya-142430">"Prostitution to be banned in suburban Perth"</a>. The West Australian. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+West+Australian&rft.atitle=Prostitution+to+be+banned+in+suburban+Perth&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewest.com.au%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fprostitution-to-be-banned-in-suburban-perth-ng-ya-142430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2011" class="citation web cs1">Parker, Gareth (3 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/newshome/11308426/prostitution-to-be-banned-in-suburban-perth/">"Prostitution to be banned in suburban Perth. Western Australian"</a>. Yahoo! News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+to+be+banned+in+suburban+Perth.+Western+Australian&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+News&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fau.news.yahoo.com%2Fthewest%2Fa%2F-%2Fnewshome%2F11308426%2Fprostitution-to-be-banned-in-suburban-perth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-07-19/mischin27s-vision/4141902">"Mischin's vision for life as Attorney-General"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mischin%27s+vision+for+life+as+Attorney-General&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2012-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2012-07-19%2Fmischin27s-vision%2F4141902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrr2013" class="citation web cs1">Orr, Aleisha (17 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/western-australia/sex-workers-target-wa-parliament-20130517-2jr4a.html">"Sex workers target WA Parliament"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Sex+workers+target+WA+Parliament&rft.date=2013-05-17&rft.aulast=Orr&rft.aufirst=Aleisha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fwestern-australia%2Fsex-workers-target-wa-parliament-20130517-2jr4a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-05-19/new-push-for-sex-work-decriminilisation/4698798">"New push for sex work decriminalisation"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 May 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+push+for+sex+work+decriminalisation&rft.date=2013-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2013-05-19%2Fnew-push-for-sex-work-decriminilisation%2F4698798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/breaking/16614046/liberal-rebellion-over-prostitution-laws/">"Liberal rebellion over prostitution laws. The West 8 April 2013"</a>. Yahoo! News. 8 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liberal+rebellion+over+prostitution+laws.+The+West+8+April+2013&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+News&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fau.news.yahoo.com%2Fthewest%2Fa%2F-%2Fbreaking%2F16614046%2Fliberal-rebellion-over-prostitution-laws%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENordicWA2019-264"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENordicWA2019_264-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNordicWA2019">NordicWA 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESelvey2017-265"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelvey2017_265-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSelvey2017">Selvey 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERasdien2017-266"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERasdien2017_266-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRasdien2017">Rasdien 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlint2017-267"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlint2017_267-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFlint2017">Flint 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-indianocean-268">^ <a href="#cite_ref-indianocean_268-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indianocean_268-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indianocean_268-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indianocean_268-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Representatives_Committees?url=/ncet/economicenvironment/report/chapter%202.pdf">"Legislative and governance structures in Australia's Indian Ocean Territories"</a> (PDF). Australian Government. 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legislative+and+governance+structures+in+Australia%27s+Indian+Ocean+Territories&rft.pub=Australian+Government&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FParliamentary_Business%2FCommittees%2FHouse_of_Representatives_Committees%3Furl%3D%2Fncet%2Feconomicenvironment%2Freport%2Fchapter%25202.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-norfolkisland-269"><a href="#cite_ref-norfolkisland_269-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2017C00069">"Norfolk Island Applied Laws Ordinance 2016"</a>. Australian Government Federal Register of Legislation. 20 January 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Government+Federal+Register+of+Legislation&rft.atitle=Norfolk+Island+Applied+Laws+Ordinance+2016&rft.date=2017-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.au%2FDetails%2FF2017C00069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books_and_monographs">Books and monographs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Books and monographs">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenterHayes2014" class="citation book cs1">Carpenter, Belinda; Hayes, Sharon (2014). "Crimes Against Morality". In Hayes, Hennessey; Prenzler, Tim (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vq6aBQAAQBAJ">An Introduction to Crime and Criminology</a> (4th ed.). Melbourne: Pearson Australia. pp. 153–166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4860-0498-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4860-0498-0"><bdi>978-1-4860-0498-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crimes+Against+Morality&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Crime+and+Criminology&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=153-166&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Pearson+Australia&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4860-0498-0&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Belinda&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Sharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVq6aBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Featherstone, Lisa (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VfsqBwAAQBAJ">Let's Talk About Sex: Histories of Sexuality in Australia from Federation to the Pill</a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-2813-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-2813-0"><bdi>978-1-4438-2813-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Let%27s+Talk+About+Sex%3A+Histories+of+Sexuality+in+Australia+from+Federation+to+the+Pill&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4438-2813-0&rft.aulast=Featherstone&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVfsqBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Frances, Raelene (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tihJOOGSLSwC">Selling Sex: A Hidden History of Prostitution</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNSW_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSW Press">UNSW Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86840-901-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86840-901-6"><bdi>978-0-86840-901-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+Sex%3A+A+Hidden+History+of+Prostitution&rft.pub=UNSW+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-86840-901-6&rft.aulast=Frances&rft.aufirst=Raelene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtihJOOGSLSwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Levine, Philippa (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=It1lPzFCG9EC">Prostitution, Race, and Politics: Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Psychology_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychology Press">Psychology Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94447-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94447-2"><bdi>978-0-415-94447-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prostitution%2C+Race%2C+and+Politics%3A+Policing+Venereal+Disease+in+the+British+Empire&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-94447-2&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Philippa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIt1lPzFCG9EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Perkins" title="Roberta Perkins">Perkins, Roberta</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/lcj/working">Working girls: prostitutes, their life and social control</a>. Australian studies in law, crime and justice. Canberra: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Criminology" title="Australian Institute of Criminology">Australian Institute of Criminology</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-642-15877-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-642-15877-0"><bdi>0-642-15877-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Working+girls%3A+prostitutes%2C+their+life+and+social+control&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Australian+studies+in+law%2C+crime+and+justice&rft.pub=Australian+Institute+of+Criminology&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-642-15877-0&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Roberta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aic.gov.au%2Fpublications%2Flcj%2Fworking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Perkins" title="Roberta Perkins">Perkins, Roberta</a>, ed. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZruudDEWIy0C">Sex Work & Sex Workers in Australia</a>. Sydney: <a href="/wiki/UNSW_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSW Press">UNSW Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86840-174-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86840-174-4"><bdi>978-0-86840-174-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sex+Work+%26+Sex+Workers+in+Australia&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=UNSW+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-86840-174-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZruudDEWIy0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaunders1995" class="citation book cs1">Saunders, K (1995). "Controlling Heterosexuality: the Implementation and Operation of Contagious Diseases Legislation in Australia, 1868–1945". In Kirkby, Diane Elizabeth (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yPU-AQAAIAAJ">Sex Power and Justice: Historical Perspectives of Law in Australia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 2–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-553734-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-553734-5"><bdi>978-0-19-553734-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Controlling+Heterosexuality%3A+the+Implementation+and+Operation+of+Contagious+Diseases+Legislation+in+Australia%2C+1868%E2%80%931945&rft.btitle=Sex+Power+and+Justice%3A+Historical+Perspectives+of+Law+in+Australia&rft.pages=2-18&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-553734-5&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyPU-AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Sullivan, Barbara (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Q3k-Q7BuH0C">The Politics of Sex: Prostitution and Pornography in Australia Since 1945</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55630-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-55630-9"><bdi>978-0-521-55630-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Sex%3A+Prostitution+and+Pornography+in+Australia+Since+1945&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-55630-9&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1Q3k-Q7BuH0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australian_Institute_of_Criminology">Australian Institute of Criminology</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Australian Institute of Criminology">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerullHalstead1992" class="citation book cs1">Gerull, Sally-Anne; Halstead, Boronia, eds. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/proceedings/14">Sex industry and public policy</a>. AIC Conference Proceedings. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Criminology" title="Australian Institute of Criminology">Australian Institute of Criminology</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1034-5086">1034-5086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sex+industry+and+public+policy&rft.series=AIC+Conference+Proceedings&rft.pub=Australian+Institute+of+Criminology&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=1034-5086&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aic.gov.au%2Fpublications%2Fproceedings%2F14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinto_et_al1990" class="citation book cs1">Pinto, Susan; Scandia, Anita; Wilson, Paul (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi22">Prostitution laws in Australia</a>. Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice 22. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Criminology" title="Australian Institute of Criminology">Australian Institute of Criminology</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0817-8542">0817-8542</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prostitution+laws+in+Australia&rft.series=Trends+%26+Issues+in+Crime+and+Criminal+Justice+22&rft.pub=Australian+Institute+of+Criminology&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0817-8542&rft.aulast=Pinto&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Scandia%2C+Anita&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aic.gov.au%2Fpublications%2Ftandi%2Ftandi22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="npne" class="citation book cs1">Renshaw, Lauren; et al. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aic.gov.au/file/5773/download?token=sWDjs0PK">Migrant sex workers in Australia</a>. AIC Reports. Research and Public Policy Series. Vol. 131. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Criminology" title="Australian Institute of Criminology">Australian Institute of Criminology</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781922009906" title="Special:BookSources/9781922009906"><bdi>9781922009906</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1836-2079">1836-2079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Migrant+sex+workers+in+Australia&rft.series=AIC+Reports.+Research+and+Public+Policy+Series&rft.pub=Australian+Institute+of+Criminology&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=1836-2079&rft.isbn=9781922009906&rft.aulast=Renshaw&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faic.gov.au%2Ffile%2F5773%2Fdownload%3Ftoken%3DsWDjs0PK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Articles">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Baratosy, Roxana; Wendt, Sarah (May–June 2017). ""Outdated Laws, Outspoken Whores": Exploring sex work in a criminalised setting". <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Studies_International_Forum" title="Women's Studies International Forum">Women's Studies International Forum</a>. 62: 34–42. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.wsif.2017.03.002">10.1016/j.wsif.2017.03.002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Studies+International+Forum&rft.atitle=%22Outdated+Laws%2C+Outspoken+Whores%22%3A+Exploring+sex+work+in+a+criminalised+setting&rft.volume=62&rft.pages=34-42&rft.date=2017-05%2F2017-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.wsif.2017.03.002&rft.aulast=Baratosy&rft.aufirst=Roxana&rft.au=Wendt%2C+Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Crofts, Thomas; Summerfield, Tracey (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MurdochUeJlLaw/2006/28.pdf">"The licensing of sex work in Australia and New Zealand"</a> (PDF). Murdoch Law Journal. 13 (2): 269–287.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Murdoch+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=The+licensing+of+sex+work+in+Australia+and+New+Zealand&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=269-287&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Crofts&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Summerfield%2C+Tracey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassic.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Fjournals%2FMurdochUeJlLaw%2F2006%2F28.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Frances, Raelene (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020859000115214">"Sex Workers or Citizens? Prostitution and the Shaping of "Settler" Society in Australia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Review_of_Social_History" title="International Review of Social History">International Review of Social History</a>. 44 Supplement (S7): 101–122. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020859000115214">10.1017/S0020859000115214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Review+of+Social+History&rft.atitle=Sex+Workers+or+Citizens%3F+Prostitution+and+the+Shaping+of+%22Settler%22+Society+in+Australia&rft.volume=44+Supplement&rft.issue=S7&rft.pages=101-122&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020859000115214&rft.aulast=Frances&rft.aufirst=Raelene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0020859000115214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Frances, Raelene (July 2004). "'White Slaves' and White Australia: prostitution and Australian Society". <a href="/wiki/Australian_Feminist_Studies" title="Australian Feminist Studies">Australian Feminist Studies</a>. 19 (44): 185–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0816464042000226483">10.1080/0816464042000226483</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143568288">143568288</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Feminist+Studies&rft.atitle=%27White+Slaves%27+and+White+Australia%3A+prostitution+and+Australian+Society&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=44&rft.pages=185-200&rft.date=2004-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0816464042000226483&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143568288%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Frances&rft.aufirst=Raelene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagyPowell2016" class="citation journal cs1">Nagy, Victoria; Powell, Anastasia (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sydney.edu.au/law/criminology/journal/28_01.shtml">"Legalising Sex Work: The Regulation of 'Risk' in Australian Prostitution Law Reform"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Current_Issues_in_Criminal_Justice" title="Current Issues in Criminal Justice">Current Issues in Criminal Justice</a>. 28 (1): 1–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10345329.2016.12036053">10.1080/10345329.2016.12036053</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149360314">149360314</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Issues+in+Criminal+Justice&rft.atitle=Legalising+Sex+Work%3A+The+Regulation+of+%27Risk%27+in+Australian+Prostitution+Law+Reform&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-16&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10345329.2016.12036053&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149360314%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nagy&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.au=Powell%2C+Anastasia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsydney.edu.au%2Flaw%2Fcriminology%2Fjournal%2F28_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRissel_et_al2003" class="citation journal cs1">Rissel, Chris E.; Richters, Juliet; Grulich, Andrew E.; de Visser, Richard O.; Smith, Anthony M.A. (April 2003). "Sex in Australia: Experiences of commercial sex in a representative sample of adults". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 27 (2): 191–197. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-842X.2003.tb00807.x">10.1111/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00807.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14696710">14696710</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25225114">25225114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+and+New+Zealand+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Sex+in+Australia%3A+Experiences+of+commercial+sex+in+a+representative+sample+of+adults&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=191-197&rft.date=2003-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25225114%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14696710&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-842X.2003.tb00807.x&rft.aulast=Rissel&rft.aufirst=Chris+E.&rft.au=Richters%2C+Juliet&rft.au=Grulich%2C+Andrew+E.&rft.au=de+Visser%2C+Richard+O.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Anthony+M.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott_et_al2012" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, John; MacPhail, Catherine; Minichiello, Victor (October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2FPVv2012n160p26">"Bang and bust: Almost Everything you Wanted to Know About Sex and the Mining Boom (but were afraid to ask)"</a>. Preview. 2012 (160): 26–31. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Prev..160...26S">2012Prev..160...26S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2FPVv2012n160p26">10.1071/PVv2012n160p26</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preview&rft.atitle=Bang+and+bust%3A+Almost+Everything+you+Wanted+to+Know+About+Sex+and+the+Mining+Boom+%28but+were+afraid+to+ask%29&rft.volume=2012&rft.issue=160&rft.pages=26-31&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1071%2FPVv2012n160p26&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Prev..160...26S&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=MacPhail%2C+Catherine&rft.au=Minichiello%2C+Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1071%252FPVv2012n160p26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodyear_et_al2007" class="citation journal cs1">Goodyear, M.; Cusick, L. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1767242">"Rapid Responses to Goodyear and Cusick: Protection of sex workers 11 January 2007"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BMJ" class="mw-redirect" title="BMJ">BMJ</a>. 334 (7584): 52–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.39087.642801.BE">10.1136/bmj.39087.642801.BE</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-8138">0959-8138</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1767242">1767242</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17218668">17218668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Rapid+Responses+to+Goodyear+and+Cusick%3A+Protection+of+sex+workers+11+January+2007&rft.volume=334&rft.issue=7584&rft.pages=52-53&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1767242%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0959-8138&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17218668&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.39087.642801.BE&rft.aulast=Goodyear&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Cusick%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1767242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/prostitutes-use-university-in-visa-racket-20050221-gdkryk.html">"Prostitutes use university in visa racket"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. 21 February 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Prostitutes+use+university+in+visa+racket&rft.date=2005-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fprostitutes-use-university-in-visa-racket-20050221-gdkryk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ojs.unbc.ca/index.php/cpsr/article/download/48/168">Leslie Ann Jeffrey and Barbara Sullivan. Canadian Sex Work Policy for the 21st Century: Enhancing Rights and Safety, Lessons from Australia. Canadian Political Science Review 3(1) March 2009 (57‐76)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/voices/2013/05/grace-bellavue-social-media-has-given-sex-workers-real-opportunity-be-heard">Laura Parker "Social media has given sex workers a real opportunity to be heard" New Statesman, 27 May 2013</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120213313/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/5/prweb10725849.htm">Brothel Keeping and Prostitution Services in Australia Industry Market Research Report Now Updated by IBISWorld. PRWeb May 14 2013</a></li> <li>Daniels K (ed.) So Much Hard Work: Women and prostitution in Australian history. Fontana Collins, Sydney 1984</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebooks.cambridge.org/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9780511489044&cid=CBO9780511489044A010">The women's movement and prostitution politics in Australia, in Outshoorn J (ed.) The Politics of Prostitution: Women's Movements, Democratic States and the Globalisation of Sex Commerce. Cambridge UP 2004</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090107040220/http://www.annesummers.com.au/dwagp.htm">Summers A. Damned Whores and God's Police: The Colonization of Women in Australia, 3rd ed. Penguin, Melbourne 2002</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q2LLtjLaM1QC&pg=PA353">John McLaren, "Whores, Soiled Doves or Working Women? Law, Society and the Sex Trade in Australia, Canada and Thailand" in Douglas M. Johnston and Gerry Ferguson, Asia-Pacific Legal Development (Vancouver, UBC Press, 1998), 353–402 </a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Websites">Websites</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Websites">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaginn2013" class="citation web cs1">Maginn, Paul J. (18 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/evidence-not-morality-should-guide-sex-work-policy-11833">"Evidence not morality should guide sex work policy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a>. Retrieved 21 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Evidence+not+morality+should+guide+sex+work+policy&rft.date=2013-02-18&rft.aulast=Maginn&rft.aufirst=Paul+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fevidence-not-morality-should-guide-sex-work-policy-11833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNData2019" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=UNAIDS&f=inID%3A111">"Sex workers: Population size estimate"</a>. UNData. <a href="/wiki/UNAIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAIDS">UNAIDS</a>. 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNData&rft.atitle=Sex+workers%3A+Population+size+estimate&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.un.org%2FData.aspx%3Fd%3DUNAIDS%26f%3DinID%253A111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/laws/">"State by State Laws in Australia"</a>. Laws. <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Alliance" title="Scarlet Alliance">Scarlet Alliance</a>. 30 September 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laws&rft.atitle=State+by+State+Laws+in+Australia&rft.date=2019-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flaws%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScarlet_Alliance2016" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/">"Scarlet Alliance, Australian Sex Workers Association is the national peak sex worker organisation in Australia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Alliance" title="Scarlet Alliance">Scarlet Alliance</a>. 4 February 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scarlet+Alliance%2C+Australian+Sex+Workers+Association+is+the+national+peak+sex+worker+organisation+in+Australia.&rft.pub=Scarlet+Alliance&rft.date=2016-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kirby.unsw.edu.au/project/lash">"LASH: The Law and Sex Worker Health Project"</a>. Projects: Sexual health. <a href="/wiki/Kirby_Institute" title="Kirby Institute">Kirby Institute</a>: UNSW. 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Projects%3A+Sexual+health&rft.atitle=LASH%3A+The+Law+and+Sex+Worker+Health+Project&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkirby.unsw.edu.au%2Fproject%2Flash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/ccaassa1999496/">Criminal Code Amendment (Slavery and Sexual Servitude) Act 1999</a> (Cth)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoint_Committee2006" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Former_Committees/acc/completed_inquiries/2002-04/sexual_servitude/index">"Inquiry into the trafficking of women for sexual servitude"</a>. Committees. Parliamentary Joint Committee on the Australian Crime Commission. 2006. Retrieved 23 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Committees&rft.atitle=Inquiry+into+the+trafficking+of+women+for+sexual+servitude&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FParliamentary_Business%2FCommittees%2FJoint%2FFormer_Committees%2Facc%2Fcompleted_inquiries%2F2002-04%2Fsexual_servitude%2Findex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOHCHR2000" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/protocoltraffickinginpersons.aspx">"Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Human Rights">United Nations Human Rights</a>. 2000. Retrieved 23 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protocol+to+Prevent%2C+Suppress+and+Punish+Trafficking+in+Persons&rft.pub=United+Nations+Human+Rights&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fprofessionalinterest%2Fpages%2Fprotocoltraffickinginpersons.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapters">Chapters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Chapters">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrances1994" class="citation book cs1">Frances, Raelene (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/24/230.html">The history of female prostitution in Australia</a>. pp. 27–52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+female+prostitution+in+Australia&rft.pages=27-52&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Frances&rft.aufirst=Raelene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hartford-hwp.com%2Farchives%2F24%2F230.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988">, in <a href="#CITEREFPerkins1994">Perkins (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Neave" title="Marcia Neave">Marcia Neave</a>, Prostitution laws in Australia: Past history and current trends pp. 67–99, in <a href="#CITEREFPerkins1994">Perkins (1994)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States_and_territories">States and territories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: States and territories">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australian_Capital_Territory_2">Australian Capital Territory</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Australian Capital Territory">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollaery1992" class="citation book cs1">Collaery, Bernard (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aic.gov.au/sites/default/files/publications/proceedings/downloads/14-collaery.pdf">The sex industry in the Australian Capital Territory: a law reformer's perspective</a> (PDF). pp. 1–2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+sex+industry+in+the+Australian+Capital+Territory%3A+a+law+reformer%27s+perspective&rft.pages=1-2&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Collaery&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faic.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fproceedings%2Fdownloads%2F14-collaery.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988">, in <a href="#CITEREFGerullHalstead1992">Gerull & Halstead (1992)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/laws/act/">"Sex Industry Laws in Australian Capital Territory"</a>. State by State Laws in Australia. <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Alliance" title="Scarlet Alliance">Scarlet Alliance</a>. 7 November 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+by+State+Laws+in+Australia&rft.atitle=Sex+Industry+Laws+in+Australian+Capital+Territory&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flaws%2Fact%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACT_SWA1992" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.act.gov.au/a/1992-64/default.asp">"Sex Work Act 1992"</a>. ACT Legislation Register. <a href="/wiki/ACT_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="ACT Government">ACT Government</a>. Retrieved 23 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ACT+Legislation+Register&rft.atitle=Sex+Work+Act+1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.act.gov.au%2Fa%2F1992-64%2Fdefault.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFORS2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110602043442/http://www.ors.act.gov.au/industry/sex_industry">"Sex Industry"</a>. Office of Regulatory Services, ACT. 27 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ors.act.gov.au/industry/sex_industry">the original</a> on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex+Industry&rft.pub=Office+of+Regulatory+Services%2C+ACT&rft.date=2011-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ors.act.gov.au%2Findustry%2Fsex_industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_South_Wales_2">New South Wales</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: New South Wales">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Estcourt, C. S; et al. (1 August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1744173">"HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and risk behaviours in male commercial sex workers in Sydney"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sexually_Transmitted_Infections_(journal)" title="Sexually Transmitted Infections (journal)">Sexually Transmitted Infections</a>. 76 (4): 294–298. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fsti.76.4.294">10.1136/sti.76.4.294</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1744173">1744173</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11026887">11026887</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexually+Transmitted+Infections&rft.atitle=HIV%2C+sexually+transmitted+infections%2C+and+risk+behaviours+in+male+commercial+sex+workers+in+Sydney&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=294-298&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1744173%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11026887&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fsti.76.4.294&rft.aulast=Estcourt&rft.aufirst=C.+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1744173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Roxburgh, Amanda; Degenhardt, Louisa; Copeland, Jan (24 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1481550">"Posttraumatic stress disorder among female street-based sex workers in the greater Sydney area, Australia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BMC_Psychiatry" class="mw-redirect" title="BMC Psychiatry">BMC Psychiatry</a>. 6 (1): 24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-244X-6-24">10.1186/1471-244X-6-24</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1481550">1481550</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16719928">16719928</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Posttraumatic+stress+disorder+among+female+street-based+sex+workers+in+the+greater+Sydney+area%2C+Australia&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24&rft.date=2006-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1481550%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16719928&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-244X-6-24&rft.aulast=Roxburgh&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft.au=Degenhardt%2C+Louisa&rft.au=Copeland%2C+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1481550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_Territory_2">Northern Territory</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Northern Territory">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNTGov2019" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://haveyoursay.nt.gov.au/regulationsexindustry">"Reforming the Regulation of the Sex Industry in the Northern Territory"</a>. Have Your Say Northern Territory. <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory_Government" title="Northern Territory Government">Northern Territory Government</a>. 30 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Have+Your+Say+Northern+Territory&rft.atitle=Reforming+the+Regulation+of+the+Sex+Industry+in+the+Northern+Territory&rft.date=2019-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhaveyoursay.nt.gov.au%2Fregulationsexindustry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSex_Industry_Bill2019" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.nt.gov.au/en/LegislationPortal/Bills/~/link.aspx?_id=E3FD2410C5A741518AFA62C4754F927B&_z=z">"Sex Industry Bill 2019"</a>. Legislation Database. <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory_Government" title="Northern Territory Government">Northern Territory Government</a>. 26 November 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislation+Database&rft.atitle=Sex+Industry+Bill+2019&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.nt.gov.au%2Fen%2FLegislationPortal%2FBills%2F~%2Flink.aspx%3F_id%3DE3FD2410C5A741518AFA62C4754F927B%26amp%3B_z%3Dz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLANT2019" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parliament.nt.gov.au/committees/EPSC/105-2019">"Sex Industry Bill 2019"</a>. Committees. <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Northern_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory">Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory</a>. 29 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Committees&rft.atitle=Sex+Industry+Bill+2019&rft.date=2019-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparliament.nt.gov.au%2Fcommittees%2FEPSC%2F105-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsBreen2019" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Lauren; Breen, Jacqueline (26 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-26/northern-territory-sex-industry-bill-passed/11739820">"NT Parliament votes to decriminalise sex work"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. Retrieved 27 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=NT+Parliament+votes+to+decriminalise+sex+work&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft.au=Breen%2C+Jacqueline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-11-26%2Fnorthern-territory-sex-industry-bill-passed%2F11739820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNAIDS2019" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2019/december/decision-northern-territory-australia-decriminalize-sex-work">"UNAIDS welcomes the decision by the Northern Territory of Australia to decriminalize sex work"</a>. Press Statements. <a href="/wiki/UNAIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAIDS">UNAIDS</a>. 2 November 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Statements&rft.atitle=UNAIDS+welcomes+the+decision+by+the+Northern+Territory+of+Australia+to+decriminalize+sex+work&rft.date=2019-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unaids.org%2Fen%2Fresources%2Fpresscentre%2Fpressreleaseandstatementarchive%2F2019%2Fdecember%2Fdecision-northern-territory-australia-decriminalize-sex-work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Queensland_2">Queensland</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Queensland">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Woodward, C; et al. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:154239">Selling sex in Queensland 2003</a>. Brisbane: Prostitution Licensing Authority. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-646-43566-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-646-43566-4"><bdi>978-0-646-43566-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+sex+in+Queensland+2003.&rft.place=Brisbane&rft.pub=Prostitution+Licensing+Authority&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-646-43566-4&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fespace.library.uq.edu.au%2Fview%2FUQ%3A154239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPLA2019" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pla.qld.gov.au/">"Prostitution Licensing Authority"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Government" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a>. 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+Licensing+Authority&rft.pub=Queensland+Government&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pla.qld.gov.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Australia_2">South Australia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: South Australia">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSALT2019" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/en/Legislation/SALT">"South Australian Legislative Tracking"</a>. Legislation. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Australia" title="Parliament of South Australia">Parliament of South Australia</a>. Retrieved 6 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislation&rft.atitle=South+Australian+Legislative+Tracking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.sa.gov.au%2Fen%2FLegislation%2FSALT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">May, Tony (6 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.slsa.sa.gov.au/SAwomen/prostitution">"South Australian Women: Prostitution"</a>. Library Guides. <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_South_Australia" title="State Library of South Australia">State Library of South Australia</a>. Retrieved 6 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+Guides&rft.atitle=South+Australian+Women%3A+Prostitution&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguides.slsa.sa.gov.au%2FSAwomen%2Fprostitution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDayman2015" class="citation news cs1">Dayman, Isabel (9 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-09/debate-over-sex-work-legalisation-in-sa-continues/6755828">"Sex work legalisation debate continues in SA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Sex+work+legalisation+debate+continues+in+SA&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft.aulast=Dayman&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2015-09-09%2Fdebate-over-sex-work-legalisation-in-sa-continues%2F6755828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoisvert2018" class="citation news cs1">Boisvert, Eugene (1 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-06-01/sa-attorney-general-supports-sex-work-bill/9824782">"SA Attorney-General declares support for sex work bill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=SA+Attorney-General+declares+support+for+sex+work+bill&rft.date=2018-06-01&rft.aulast=Boisvert&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2018-06-01%2Fsa-attorney-general-supports-sex-work-bill%2F9824782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs2019" class="citation web cs1">Briggs, Casey (13 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-13/sex-work-crime-data-revealed-ahead-of-sa-legalisation-vote/11697942">"New figures show extent of prostitution in SA ahead of crucial vote on decriminalisation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=New+figures+show+extent+of+prostitution+in+SA+ahead+of+crucial+vote+on+decriminalisation&rft.date=2019-11-13&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=Casey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-11-13%2Fsex-work-crime-data-revealed-ahead-of-sa-legalisation-vote%2F11697942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs2019a" class="citation news cs1">Briggs, Casey (13 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-13/sa-sex-work-decriminalisation-bill-voted-down/11699904">"'The most archaic laws in the country': Campaign to decriminalise sex work in SA fails"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=%27The+most+archaic+laws+in+the+country%27%3A+Campaign+to+decriminalise+sex+work+in+SA+fails&rft.date=2019-11-13&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=Casey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-11-13%2Fsa-sex-work-decriminalisation-bill-voted-down%2F11699904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond2019" class="citation news cs1">Diamond, Roxana (20 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/no-more-fear-of-police-south-australia-is-close-to-fully-decriminalising-sex-work-119018">"No more fear of police: South Australia is close to fully decriminalising sex work"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=No+more+fear+of+police%3A+South+Australia+is+close+to+fully+decriminalising+sex+work&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Roxana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fno-more-fear-of-police-south-australia-is-close-to-fully-decriminalising-sex-work-119018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tasmania_2">Tasmania</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: Tasmania">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1989" class="citation thesis cs1">Alexander, Alison (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.utas.edu.au/9997/">The public role of women in Tasmania, 1803 - 1914</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD_thesis" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD thesis">PhD thesis</a>). Department of History, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tasmania" title="University of Tasmania">University of Tasmania</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+public+role+of+women+in+Tasmania%2C+1803+-+1914&rft.inst=Department+of+History%2C+University+of+Tasmania&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.utas.edu.au%2F9997%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeppard2013" class="citation thesis cs1">Leppard, Christine Jessie (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.utas.edu.au/17536/1/Whole-Leppard-Quinn-_thesis.pdf">'The Unfortunates'. Prostitutes transported to Van Diemen's Land 1822–1843</a> (PDF) (PhD Thesis). University of Tasmania.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=%27The+Unfortunates%27.+Prostitutes+transported+to+Van+Diemen%27s+Land+1822%E2%80%931843&rft.inst=University+of+Tasmania&rft.date=2013-10&rft.aulast=Leppard&rft.aufirst=Christine+Jessie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.utas.edu.au%2F17536%2F1%2FWhole-Leppard-Quinn-_thesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Leppard-Quinn, Christine (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=876572055419975;res=IELHSS">"Labelling the transported prostitute: An exercise in textual archaeology"</a>. Tasmanian Historical Studies. 18: 35–59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tasmanian+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=Labelling+the+transported+prostitute%3A+An+exercise+in+textual+archaeology&rft.volume=18&rft.pages=35-59&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Leppard-Quinn&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.informit.com.au%2FdocumentSummary%3Bdn%3D876572055419975%3Bres%3DIELHSS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasmania_Justice2012" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/188738/Regulation_of_the_Sex_Industry_Discussion_Paper.pdf">Regulation of Sex Industry in Tasmania – Discussion Paper</a> (PDF). Department of Justice, Tasmania. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regulation+of+Sex+Industry+in+Tasmania+%E2%80%93+Discussion+Paper&rft.pub=Department+of+Justice%2C+Tasmania&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.tas.gov.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0008%2F188738%2FRegulation_of_the_Sex_Industry_Discussion_Paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasmania_Justice2012a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.tas.gov.au/community-consultation/inactive/regulation_of_sex_industry_in_tasmania-discussion_paper">"Regulation of Sex Industry in Tasmania-Discussion Paper"</a>. Community Consultations. Department of Justice, Tasmania. 2012a. Retrieved 29 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Community+Consultations&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+Sex+Industry+in+Tasmania-Discussion+Paper&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.tas.gov.au%2Fcommunity-consultation%2Finactive%2Fregulation_of_sex_industry_in_tasmania-discussion_paper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVDL2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vandiemenslament.wordpress.com/2015/08/16/a-look-at-the-social-and-legal-responses-to-prostitution-in-19th-century-tasmania/">"A Look at the Social and Legal Responses to Prostitution in 19th Century Tasmania"</a>. Vandiemenslament. 16 August 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vandiemenslament&rft.atitle=A+Look+at+the+Social+and+Legal+Responses+to+Prostitution+in+19th+Century+Tasmania&rft.date=2015-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvandiemenslament.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F08%2F16%2Fa-look-at-the-social-and-legal-responses-to-prostitution-in-19th-century-tasmania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Victoria_2">Victoria</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Victoria">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Macreadie, Rachel (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238721191">"The Prostitution Control And Other Matters Amendment Bill 2008. D-Brief No. 7"</a>. Research Service, Parliamentary Library, Department of Parliamentary Services, Victoria. Retrieved 20 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Prostitution+Control+And+Other+Matters+Amendment+Bill+2008.+D-Brief+No.+7&rft.pub=Research+Service%2C+Parliamentary+Library%2C+Department+of+Parliamentary+Services%2C+Victoria&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Macreadie&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F238721191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Western_Australia_2">Western Australia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Western Australia">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKewon2005" class="citation book cs1">McKewon, Elaine (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GBLaAAAAMAAJ">The Scarlet Mile: A Social History of Prostitution in Kalgoorlie, 1894-2004</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Australia_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Western Australia Press">University of Western Australia Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-920694-22-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-920694-22-7"><bdi>978-1-920694-22-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scarlet+Mile%3A+A+Social+History+of+Prostitution+in+Kalgoorlie%2C+1894-2004&rft.pub=University+of+Western+Australia+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-920694-22-7&rft.aulast=McKewon&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGBLaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <dl><dt>Reports</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonovan_et_al2010" class="citation web cs1">Donovan, Basil; Harcourt, Christine; Egger, Sandra; et al. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kirby.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/kirby/report/SHP_WA-Sex-Industry-Report-2010.pdf">"The Sex Industry in Western Australia. LASH: A Report to the Western Australian Government"</a> (PDF). National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, <a href="/wiki/UNSW" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSW">UNSW</a>. Retrieved 19 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sex+Industry+in+Western+Australia.+LASH%3A+A+Report+to+the+Western+Australian+Government&rft.pub=National+Centre+in+HIV+Epidemiology+and+Clinical+Research%2C+UNSW&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Donovan&rft.aufirst=Basil&rft.au=Harcourt%2C+Christine&rft.au=Egger%2C+Sandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkirby.unsw.edu.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fkirby%2Freport%2FSHP_WA-Sex-Industry-Report-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelvey2017" class="citation web cs1">Selvey, Linda; et al. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/88796">"Law and Sex worker Health (LASH) Study: A summary report to the Western Australian Department of Health"</a>. School of Public Health, <a href="/wiki/Curtin_University" title="Curtin University">Curtin University</a>. Retrieved 11 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Law+and+Sex+worker+Health+%28LASH%29+Study%3A+A+summary+report+to+the+Western+Australian+Department+of+Health&rft.pub=School+of+Public+Health%2C+Curtin+University&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Selvey&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fespace.curtin.edu.au%2Fhandle%2F20.500.11937%2F88796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <dl><dt>Articles</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroftsSummerfield2008" class="citation journal cs1">Crofts, Thomas; Summerfield, Tracey (December 2008). "Red Light on Sex Work in Western Australia". <a href="/wiki/Alternative_Law_Journal" title="Alternative Law Journal">Alternative Law Journal</a>. 33 (4): 209–213. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1037969X0803300404">10.1177/1037969X0803300404</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148627368">148627368</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alternative+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Red+Light+on+Sex+Work+in+Western+Australia&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=209-213&rft.date=2008-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1037969X0803300404&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148627368%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Crofts&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Summerfield%2C+Tracey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">McKewon, Elaine (November 2003). "The historical geography of prostitution in Perth, Western Australia". <a href="/wiki/Australian_Geographer" title="Australian Geographer">Australian Geographer</a>. 34 (3): 297–310. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AuGeo..34..297M">2003AuGeo..34..297M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0004918032000152393">10.1080/0004918032000152393</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143759041">143759041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Geographer&rft.atitle=The+historical+geography+of+prostitution+in+Perth%2C+Western+Australia&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=297-310&rft.date=2003-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143759041%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0004918032000152393&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003AuGeo..34..297M&rft.aulast=McKewon&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelvey_et_al2018" class="citation journal cs1">Selvey, Linda A.; Lobo, Roanna C.; McCausland, Kahlia L.; Donovan, Basil; Bates, Julie; Hallett, Jonathan (13 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6008381">"Challenges Facing Asian Sex Workers in Western Australia: Implications for Health Promotion and Support Services"</a>. Frontiers in Public Health. 6: 171. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpubh.2018.00171">10.3389/fpubh.2018.00171</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6008381">6008381</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29951477">29951477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Challenges+Facing+Asian+Sex+Workers+in+Western+Australia%3A+Implications+for+Health+Promotion+and+Support+Services&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=171&rft.date=2018-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6008381%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29951477&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffpubh.2018.00171&rft.aulast=Selvey&rft.aufirst=Linda+A.&rft.au=Lobo%2C+Roanna+C.&rft.au=McCausland%2C+Kahlia+L.&rft.au=Donovan%2C+Basil&rft.au=Bates%2C+Julie&rft.au=Hallett%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6008381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeitzer2009" class="citation journal cs1">Weitzer, R. (1 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/31485840">"Legalizing Prostitution: Morality Politics in Western Australia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Journal_of_Criminology" class="mw-redirect" title="British Journal of Criminology">British Journal of Criminology</a>. 49 (1): 88–105. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbjc%2Fazn027">10.1093/bjc/azn027</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23639657">23639657</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Criminology&rft.atitle=Legalizing+Prostitution%3A+Morality+Politics+in+Western+Australia&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=88-105&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbjc%2Fazn027&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23639657%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Weitzer&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F31485840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasdien2017" class="citation news cs1">Rasdien, Peta (22 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/wa/legalising-sex-work-will-improve-health-curtin-university-study-finds-ng-ede1b71f6cd6f98579cc4040c86347cb">"Legalising sex work will improve health: Curtin University study finds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PerthNow" class="mw-redirect" title="PerthNow">PerthNow</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PerthNow&rft.atitle=Legalising+sex+work+will+improve+health%3A+Curtin+University+study+finds&rft.date=2017-10-22&rft.aulast=Rasdien&rft.aufirst=Peta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perthnow.com.au%2Fnews%2Fwa%2Flegalising-sex-work-will-improve-health-curtin-university-study-finds-ng-ede1b71f6cd6f98579cc4040c86347cb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlint2017" class="citation news cs1">Flint, Kirsten (21 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://particle.scitech.org.au/people/sex-workers-in-wa/">"Sex workers in WA Our laws are lagging, and people are suffering for it"</a>. Particle. Retrieved 23 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Particle&rft.atitle=Sex+workers+in+WA+Our+laws+are+lagging%2C+and+people+are+suffering+for+it.&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=Kirsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparticle.scitech.org.au%2Fpeople%2Fsex-workers-in-wa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <dl><dt>Websites</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgerald2012" class="citation web cs1">Fitzgerald, Criena (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenaustralia.info/exhib/wikb/sexwork.html">"Sex Work"</a>. Karlkurla Gold: A History of the Women of Kalgoorlie-Boulder. <a href="/wiki/National_Foundation_for_Australian_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="National Foundation for Australian Women">National Foundation for Australian Women</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a> (Australian Women's Archives Project). Retrieved 19 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Karlkurla+Gold%3A+A+History+of+the+Women+of+Kalgoorlie-Boulder&rft.atitle=Sex+Work&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Criena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenaustralia.info%2Fexhib%2Fwikb%2Fsexwork.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Roberts" title="Michelle Roberts">Roberts, Michelle</a> (26 November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191217214631/https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Gallop/2002/11/New-prostitution-reforms-to-be-released-for-public-comment.aspx">"New prostitution reforms to be released for public comment"</a>. Media Statements. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Western_Australia" title="Government of Western Australia">Government of Western Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Gallop/2002/11/New-prostitution-reforms-to-be-released-for-public-comment.aspx">the original</a> on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Media+Statements&rft.atitle=New+prostitution+reforms+to+be+released+for+public+comment&rft.date=2002-11-26&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediastatements.wa.gov.au%2FPages%2FGallop%2F2002%2F11%2FNew-prostitution-reforms-to-be-released-for-public-comment.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHCC2003" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040104034641/http://www.hcc-wa.global.net.au/pages/rep_prostitution.html">"Prostitution Control Act Submission"</a>. Health Consumers' Council. February 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hcc-wa.global.net.au/pages/rep_prostitution.html">the original</a> on 4 January 2004. Retrieved 20 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+Control+Act+Submission&rft.pub=Health+Consumers%27+Council&rft.date=2003-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hcc-wa.global.net.au%2Fpages%2Frep_prostitution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Roberts" title="Michelle Roberts">Roberts, Michelle</a> (2 April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191217221641/https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Gallop/2003/04/New-prostitution-laws-introduced-into-State-Parliament.aspx">"New prostitution laws introduced into State Parliament"</a>. Media Statements. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Western_Australia" title="Government of Western Australia">Government of Western Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au/Pages/Gallop/2003/04/New-prostitution-laws-introduced-into-State-Parliament.aspx">the original</a> on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Media+Statements&rft.atitle=New+prostitution+laws+introduced+into+State+Parliament&rft.date=2003-04-02&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediastatements.wa.gov.au%2FPages%2FGallop%2F2003%2F04%2FNew-prostitution-laws-introduced-into-State-Parliament.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPLRWG2007" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/library/wa_lwp_07">"Report of the Prostitution Law Reform Working Group"</a>. Office of the Attorney General, WA. 2007. Retrieved 19 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Prostitution+Law+Reform+Working+Group&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Attorney+General%2C+WA&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flibrary%2Fwa_lwp_07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWAM2016" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/wa-goldfields/life-on-fields/prostitution">"Prostitution"</a>. WA Goldfields. <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Museum" title="Western Australian Museum">Western Australian Museum</a>. 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WA+Goldfields&rft.atitle=Prostitution&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.wa.gov.au%2Fexplore%2Fwa-goldfields%2Flife-on-fields%2Fprostitution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSLWA2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cms.slwa.wa.gov.au/dead_reckoning/government_archival_records/n-s/prostitutes">"Prostitutes"</a>. Dead Reckoning. <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_Western_Australia" title="State Library of Western Australia">State Library of Western Australia</a>. 28 October 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dead+Reckoning&rft.atitle=Prostitutes&rft.date=2015-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcms.slwa.wa.gov.au%2Fdead_reckoning%2Fgovernment_archival_records%2Fn-s%2Fprostitutes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNordicWA2019" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adoptnordicwa.org/uncategorized/west-australian-prostitution-survivors-form-coalition-against-sex-trade/">"West Australian Prostitution Survivors Form Coalition Against Sex Trade"</a>. Adopt Nordic WA. 30 July 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adopt+Nordic+WA&rft.atitle=West+Australian+Prostitution+Survivors+Form+Coalition+Against+Sex+Trade&rft.date=2019-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adoptnordicwa.org%2Funcategorized%2Fwest-australian-prostitution-survivors-form-coalition-against-sex-trade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siren.org.au/lash-project/">"Western Australian Law and Sex Worker Health (LASH) Study 2.0"</a>. Projects. Sexual Health And Blood-Borne Virus Applied Research And Evaluation Network (SIREN), <a href="/wiki/Curtin_University" title="Curtin University">Curtin University</a>. 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Projects&rft.atitle=Western+Australian+Law+and+Sex+Worker+Health+%28LASH%29+Study+2.0&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsiren.org.au%2Flash-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScarlet_Alliance_WA2016" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarletalliance.org.au/laws/wa/">"WA"</a>. State by State Laws in Australia. <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Alliance" title="Scarlet Alliance">Scarlet Alliance</a>. 17 April 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+by+State+Laws+in+Australia&rft.atitle=WA&rft.date=2016-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scarletalliance.org.au%2Flaws%2Fwa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <dl><dt>Legislation</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/wa/bill/">"Western Australian Bills"</a>. AustLII Databases. <a href="/wiki/Australasian_Legal_Information_Institute" title="Australasian Legal Information Institute">Australasian Legal Information Institute</a>. 18 December 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AustLII+Databases&rft.atitle=Western+Australian+Bills&rft.date=2019-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassic.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fwa%2Fbill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProstitution_Act2000" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_25225.pdf/$FILE/Prostitution%20Act%202000%20-%20%5B02-a0-06%5D.pdf?OpenElement">"Prostitution Act 2000"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Western_Australia" title="Parliament of Western Australia">Parliament of Western Australia</a>. 2000. Retrieved 17 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+Act+2000&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Western+Australia&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.wa.gov.au%2Flegislation%2Fprod%2Ffilestore.nsf%2FFileURL%2Fmrdoc_25225.pdf%2F%24FILE%2FProstitution%2520Act%25202000%2520-%2520%255B02-a0-06%255D.pdf%3FOpenElement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"> see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/main_mrtitle_11564_homepage.html">Prostitution Act 2000</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPCB_20022002" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/2378FAB775B7349C48256C7E000FDD31/$File/Prostitution+Control+Bill+2002+-+Green+Bill+-+(166-1).pdf">"Prostitution Control Bill 2002"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Western_Australia" title="Parliament of Western Australia">Parliament of Western Australia</a>. November 2002. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+Control+Bill+2002&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Western+Australia&rft.date=2002-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.wa.gov.au%2Fparliament%2Fbills.nsf%2F2378FAB775B7349C48256C7E000FDD31%2F%24File%2FProstitution%2BControl%2BBill%2B2002%2B-%2BGreen%2BBill%2B-%2B%28166-1%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/Parliament/Bills.nsf/45ED233660E6DFAF48256CFC00141C04/$File/EM%2B-%2BBill166.pdf">"Prostitution Control Bill 2003"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Western_Australia" title="Parliament of Western Australia">Parliament of Western Australia</a>. April 2003. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prostitution+Control+Bill+2003&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Western+Australia&rft.date=2003-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.wa.gov.au%2FParliament%2FBills.nsf%2F45ED233660E6DFAF48256CFC00141C04%2F%24File%2FEM%252B-%252BBill166.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProstitution+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prostitution_in_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prostitution_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Oceania" title="Prostitution in Oceania">Prostitution in Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Fiji" title="Prostitution in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_New_Zealand" title="Prostitution in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Prostitution in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Samoa" title="Prostitution in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_American_Samoa" title="Prostitution in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Guam" title="Prostitution in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Hawaii" title="Prostitution in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Norfolk_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Tokelau" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitution in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outline_of_human_sexuality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sex" title="Template:Sex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sex" title="Template talk:Sex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outline_of_human_sexuality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_human_sexuality" title="Outline of human sexuality">Outline</a> of <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">human sexuality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_erection" title="Clitoral erection">Clitoral erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erogenous_zone" title="Erogenous zone">Erogenous zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insemination" title="Insemination">Insemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">Libido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_emission" title="Nocturnal emission">Nocturnal emission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_ejaculation" title="Female ejaculation">Female</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">male ejaculation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_thrust" title="Pelvic thrust">Pelvic thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">Penile erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-ejaculate" title="Pre-ejaculate">Pre-ejaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_response_cycle" title="Human sexual response cycle">Sexual response cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_stimulation" title="Sexual stimulation">Sexual stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">Vaginal lubrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health" title="Sexual and reproductive health">Health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">Condom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_contraceptive" title="Male contraceptive">Male contraceptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_and_Johnson" title="Masters and Johnson">Masters and Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_and_sexuality" title="Obesity and sexuality">Obesity and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">Safe sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">Sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_therapy" title="Sex therapy">Sex therapy</a> (<a href="/wiki/PLISSIT_model" title="PLISSIT model">PLISSIT model</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction" title="Sexual dysfunction">Sexual dysfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">Hypersexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoactive_sexual_desire_disorder" title="Hypoactive sexual desire disorder">Hyposexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_surrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual surrogate">Sexual surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">Sexually transmitted infection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">diversity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">Men who have sex with men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_who_have_sex_with_women" title="Women who have sex with women">Women who have sex with women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_law" title="Sex and the law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_transmission_of_HIV" title="Criminal transmission of HIV">Criminal transmission of HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">Child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">Sexual abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">Sexual assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_misconduct" title="Sexual misconduct">Sexual misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenge_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenge pornography">Revenge pornography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Feminist sex wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_erotic_depictions" title="History of erotic depictions">History of erotic depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Relationships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Anarchism and love/sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extramarital_sex" title="Extramarital sex">Extramarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm_gap" title="Orgasm gap">Orgasm gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premarital_sex" title="Premarital sex">Premarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">Promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">Sexual addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slang" title="Sexual slang">Sexual slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_by_country" title="Category:Sexuality by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Sexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_South_Korea" title="Sexuality in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Sexual activities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_sex" title="Conventional sex">Conventional sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">Anal sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareback_(sexual_act)" title="Bareback (sexual act)">Bareback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexuality" title="Child sexuality">Child sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creampie_(sexual_act)" title="Creampie (sexual act)">Creampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edging_(sexual_practice)" title="Edging (sexual practice)">Edging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_sexual_denial" title="Erotic sexual denial">Erotic sexual denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_(sexual_act)" title="Facial (sexual act)">Facial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisting" title="Fisting">Fisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_fetishism" title="Foot fetishism">Foot fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footjob" title="Footjob">Footjob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_orgasm" title="Forced orgasm">Forced orgasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frot" title="Frot">Frot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_bang" title="Gang bang">Gang bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_intercourse" title="Mammary intercourse">Mammary intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex#Manual_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Manual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)#Anus" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Anal fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handjob" title="Handjob">Handjob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_stimulation" title="Nipple stimulation">Nipple stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Non-penetrative sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">Oral sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/69_(sex_position)" title="69 (sex position)">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anilingus" title="Anilingus">Anilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunnilingus" title="Cunnilingus">Cunnilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellatio" title="Fellatio">Fellatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrumatio" title="Irrumatio">Irrumatio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraphilia" title="Paraphilia">Paraphilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompoir" title="Pompoir">Pompoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickie_(sex)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quickie (sex)">Quickie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexercise" title="Sexercise">Sexercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">Sex in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_position" title="Sex position">Sex positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">Sexual fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Sexual fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreplay" title="Foreplay">Foreplay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_penetration" title="Sexual penetration">Sexual penetration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumata" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumata">Sumata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">Swinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribadism" title="Tribadism">Tribadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_intercourse" title="Urethral intercourse">Urethral intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urolagnia" title="Urolagnia">Urolagnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_sex" title="Virtual sex">Virtual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex" title="Cybersex">Cybersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_talk" title="Erotic talk">Erotic talk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_T-shirt_contest" title="Wet T-shirt contest">Wet T-shirt contest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_nudity_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex and nudity in video games">Adult video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">Film actor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">Prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_sex" title="Survival sex">Survival sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">Red-light district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sex_museums" title="List of sex museums">Sex museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">Sex shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">Sex tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_sex_tourism" title="Child sex tourism">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_sex_tourism" title="Female sex tourism">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_worker" title="Sex worker">Sex worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_toy" title="Sex toy">Sex toy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_doll" title="Sex doll">Doll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">Strip club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcam_model" title="Webcam model">Webcam model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Religion and sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexuality" title="Buddhism and sexuality">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and sexuality">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Tantric sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Christian_demonology" title="Sexuality in Christian demonology">Christian demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">Clerical celibacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Buddhist monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Hindu monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_monasticism" title="Jain monasticism">Jain monasticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_sexual_practices" title="Taoist sexual practices">Daoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_sexuality" title="Judaism and sexuality">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and LGBT people">LGBT people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_religious_groups" title="LGBT-affirming religious groups">LGBT-affirming religious groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_Mormonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution_in_ancient_Greece" title="Sacred prostitution in ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Bisexuality_symbol_(bold,_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/16px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/24px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Bisexuality_symbol_(bold,_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/21px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/42px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">human sexuality</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/Alt%3Dicon" title="Alt=icon"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bombilla_roja_-_red_Edison_lamp.svg/19px-Bombilla_roja_-_red_Edison_lamp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bombilla_roja_-_red_Edison_lamp.svg/29px-Bombilla_roja_-_red_Edison_lamp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bombilla_roja_-_red_Edison_lamp.svg/38px-Bombilla_roja_-_red_Edison_lamp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Prostitution" title="Portal:Prostitution">Prostitution</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Umbrella-159361.svg/17px-Umbrella-159361.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Umbrella-159361.svg/26px-Umbrella-159361.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Umbrella-159361.svg/34px-Umbrella-159361.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="738" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Sex_work" title="Portal:Sex work">Sex work</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/19px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/29px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/38px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Feminism" title="Portal:Feminism">Feminism</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&oldid=1257900807#Christmas_Island">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&oldid=1257900807#Christmas_Island</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prostitution_in_Australia" title="Category:Prostitution in Australia">Prostitution in Australia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_May_2014" title="Category:Use Australian English from May 2014">Use Australian English from May 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2020">Use dmy dates from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_have_off-topic_sections" title="Category:All articles that may have off-topic sections">All articles that may have off-topic sections</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_may_have_off-topic_sections_from_April_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from April 2024">Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 04:47 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prostitution_in_Australia&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile#Christmas_Island" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-565f7699fc-649p9","wgBackendResponseTime":238,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.464","walltime":"2.735","ppvisitednodes":{"value":18435,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":504531,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11229,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":851524,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2335.453 1 -total"," 40.19% 938.510 1 Template:Reflist"," 36.74% 858.121 190 Template:Cite_web"," 14.52% 339.223 84 Template:Sfn"," 5.95% 138.876 25 Template:Cite_journal"," 5.64% 131.796 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.94% 115.334 2 Template:Navbox"," 4.58% 106.985 1 Template:Oceania_in_topic"," 4.43% 103.377 19 Template:Cite_book"," 3.03% 70.755 88 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.565","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8785030,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFACT_SWA1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlexander1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnn\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAroneyCrofts2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoisvert2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBriggs2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBriggs2019a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarpenterHayes2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarverMottier1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChenDonovan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollaery1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConsumer_Affairs_Victoria\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCroftsSummerfield2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDayman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamond2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonovan_et_al2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDornin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDyett2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzgerald2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlint2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrances1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFyfe2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerullHalstead1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoddeWoods2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodyear_et_al2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHCC2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenschke2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHong2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHyo-sik2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsono2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeffreys2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeffreysMatthewsThomas2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeffreysSullivan2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnston2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoint_Committee2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKretowicz2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLANT2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaster2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLay2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeppard2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaginn2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMary_Sullivan2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGinn2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKenzie2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKewon2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerrillees2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMessenger2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMihalopoulos1994\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMihalopoulos2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuseum_of_Australian_Democracy_at_Old_Parliament_House\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNTGov2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagyPowell2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordicWA2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorma\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOHCHR2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFORS2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOpray2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrr2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPCB_20022002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPLA2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPLRWG2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFParliament_of_Queensland\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParliament_of_Victoria\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerkins1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerkins1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPinto_et_al1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPriorCrofts2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProstitution_Act2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProstitution_Licensing_Authority2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRasdien2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRickard2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRimrod2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRissel_et_al2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertsBreen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSALT2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSLWA2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaunders1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScarlet_Alliance2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScarlet_Alliance_WA2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott_et_al2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSelvey2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSelvey_et_al2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSex_Industry_Bill2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShah\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSissons1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlavery_\u0026amp;_Sexual_Servitude_Act1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSone1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpoonerTrenwith2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewart2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStokes\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSullivan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTasmania_Justice2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTasmania_Justice2012a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTatnell2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurnbull2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNAIDS2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNData2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVDL2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWAM2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeitzer2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeitzer2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest2011\"] = 1,\n [\"npne\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 10,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Legislation AU\"] = 23,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 19,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 190,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 31,\n [\"Harvtxt\"] = 3,\n [\"Legend\"] = 3,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Oceania in topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Relevance inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 5,\n [\"Sex\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 84,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"TOC_Limit\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Australian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 15,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","19.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","160","10.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","160","10.1"],["?","120","7.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","6.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","5.1"],["type","60","3.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","60","3.8"],["format","40","2.5"],["[others]","440","27.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-kpncl","timestamp":"20241125134232","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Prostitution in Australia","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prostitution_in_Australia#Christmas_Island","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7251009","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7251009","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-06-08T12:59:44Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T04:47:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f1\/Legal_status_of_sex_work_in_Australia_by_state_or_territory.svg","headline":"history and nature of prostitution in Australia"}</script> </body> </html>