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class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Pustak Ghimire" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1367608/11043825/14601284/s200_pustak.ghimire.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Pustak Ghimire</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://ehess.academia.edu/">EHESS-Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://ehess.academia.edu/Departments/Ethnology_and_social_anthropology/Documents">Ethnology and social anthropology</a>, <span 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class="data">35</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">8</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1367608" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Himalayan_culture"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://ehess.academia.edu/PustakGhimire","location":"/PustakGhimire","scheme":"https","host":"ehess.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/PustakGhimire","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Himalayan culture"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-d23a2a2b-878e-4b59-94af-414df7ec1a90"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-d23a2a2b-878e-4b59-94af-414df7ec1a90"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1367608" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Nepal"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-47a25da2-6577-45e8-8b58-75e123e28d6c"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-47a25da2-6577-45e8-8b58-75e123e28d6c"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Pustak Ghimire</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="95062017"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/95062017/Authority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Everyday_Village_Conversations_The_Example_of_Eastern_Nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Authority, Status, and Caste Markers in Everyday Village Conversations: The Example of Eastern Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97347918/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/95062017/Authority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Everyday_Village_Conversations_The_Example_of_Eastern_Nepal">Authority, Status, and Caste Markers in Everyday Village Conversations: The Example of Eastern Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Oral Tradition</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span 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data-work-id="95062017"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95062017; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95062017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95062017]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95062017; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='95062017']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { 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Nepal","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Johns Hopkins University Press","ai_title_tag":"Caste and Community Markers in Eastern Nepal Village Dialogues","grobid_abstract":"This study sets out to detect the various markers that express forms of caste and community belonging, and, more generally, hierarchies in the language used in ordinary social interactions in villages in the hills of eastern Nepal, and how the somewhat rigid codes of civility that govern village society and language have recently evolved. The study is carried out from a socio-anthropological perspective rather than a linguistic or a literary one. 1 Before discussing the topic in detail, I characterize the site of my research, which is the Khotang District. Firstly, it is a mixed society: the autochthonous Chamling Rai represent 39 percent of the population, Chetris 22 percent, Brahmans 9 percent, Newars, Magars, and other Himalayan communities about 5 percent each, and Dalits also 5 percent. The identity of the Chamling Rai has been preserved by their specific religious rituals and an exclusive relationship with their ancestral land. Other indigenous \"Himalayan\" communities (Magars, Tamangs, Gurungs, and Newars) have their own identity and rituals but they are not regarded (and they do not consider themselves) as autochthonous in Khotang. 2 Like caste people (Brahmins, Chetri, and the craftsmen caste), they are \"guests\" in a land that is not \"theirs.\" Brahmin-Chetris, who are numerically equal to Chamling Rais in a large number of Village Development Committees (VDCs), draw strength from their comfortable economic position and centuries-old cultural and religious affinities with the elite who wield power in Kathmandu. This local diversity is reflected in their language: caste people speak only Nepali while indigenous communities, who use their Oral Tradition, 30/2 (2016): 387-408 1 I am grateful to the Fernand Braudel International Fellowships for Experienced Researchers Fellowship (Braudel-IFER) for giving me the opportunity to continue my research on religious practice in Nepal at Oxford for one year-the first draft of this paper was written during the Fellowship tenure. I am also thankful to Marie Lecomte-Tilouine and Anne de Sales for their comments as well as to Bernadette Sellers (Centre national de la researche scientifique, CNRS) for proofreading the draft. 2 According to the official terminology, a distinction is made between Adivasi Janajati, or \"indigenous\" ethnic groups, and the Brahmins-Chetri and Dalits, who are not regarded as \"indigenous.\" Although commonly used, this wording is rather unsatisfactory in the local context: in VDCs in the Sapsu Khola valley where fieldwork was conducted, it appears-if one is to believe the genealogical data kept by priests on the lineage cult and marriages is correct-that Chetri from neighboring localities, followed by their Brahmin priests and craftsmen, settled there twelve or thirteen generations ago, in the seventeenth century; the Magars arrived at the end of the eighteenth century, and the Newars in the late nineteenth century. Only the Rai are \"autochthonous\"; the other groups whether they be \"indigenous\" (the Adivasi Janajati) or \"Indo-Nepalese\" are regarded locally as \"latecomers.\" While I prefer the term \"Himalayan communities\" to characterize the Adivasi Janajati, I will respect common usage, despite its ambiguity.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Oral Tradition","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":97347918},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95062017/Authority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Everyday_Village_Conversations_The_Example_of_Eastern_Nepal","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-01-15T22:29:18.851-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1367608,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":97347918,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97347918/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"OralTradition30-2-Ghimire.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97347918/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Authority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Ev.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97347918/OralTradition30-2-Ghimire-libre.pdf?1673852831=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Ev.pdf\u0026Expires=1732783382\u0026Signature=FEAWzeDwMqdZFOBb9xsEs5fTu0~BceU0ZShVM9WrtEb~NWbmRyxN9YB5FkBL4bYGOnqWnMBihfiPn~cMZPFLV2ujl6G7vHHF2VDcILHizVDnAAI1GQwImM7fch-lpHsUdHPTF54q2ISK7QIXvneAm2C3XSWAU10IlI2C0cHDljeVP0GdHBuR~MWffmnGfCV~d7cBAB0o0m~je024ZbSrNfHzH3f9Uw5vr-0CXvcNwDivM5H~gAjWiMwbkabMGWgK18a2skXp5OrTwqixdLYGYuttUffBUfFgDAMI5HUF5YGqHu18MERkethoO5ogoQJaokL7qdNWJ13SyvNZOB-XcQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Authority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Everyday_Village_Conversations_The_Example_of_Eastern_Nepal","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1367608,"first_name":"Pustak","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ghimire","page_name":"PustakGhimire","domain_name":"ehess","created_at":"2012-03-25T20:27:06.456-07:00","display_name":"Pustak Ghimire","url":"https://ehess.academia.edu/PustakGhimire"},"attachments":[{"id":97347918,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97347918/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"OralTradition30-2-Ghimire.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97347918/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Authority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Ev.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97347918/OralTradition30-2-Ghimire-libre.pdf?1673852831=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Ev.pdf\u0026Expires=1732783382\u0026Signature=FEAWzeDwMqdZFOBb9xsEs5fTu0~BceU0ZShVM9WrtEb~NWbmRyxN9YB5FkBL4bYGOnqWnMBihfiPn~cMZPFLV2ujl6G7vHHF2VDcILHizVDnAAI1GQwImM7fch-lpHsUdHPTF54q2ISK7QIXvneAm2C3XSWAU10IlI2C0cHDljeVP0GdHBuR~MWffmnGfCV~d7cBAB0o0m~je024ZbSrNfHzH3f9Uw5vr-0CXvcNwDivM5H~gAjWiMwbkabMGWgK18a2skXp5OrTwqixdLYGYuttUffBUfFgDAMI5HUF5YGqHu18MERkethoO5ogoQJaokL7qdNWJ13SyvNZOB-XcQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology"},{"id":19267,"name":"Oral Tradition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Tradition"},{"id":118633,"name":"Caste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caste"},{"id":553704,"name":"Civility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civility"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="95062016"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/95062016/Primaut%C3%A9s_contest%C3%A9es_Chamling_Rai_Indo_N%C3%A9palais_et_Magar_hi%C3%A9rarchies_conflits_de_valeurs_et_recompositions_identitaires_dans_une_localit%C3%A9_des_Moyennes_Montagnes_du_N%C3%A9pal_oriental"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Primautés contestées : Chamling Rai, Indo-Népalais et Magar : hiérarchies, conflits de valeurs, et recompositions identitaires dans une localité des Moyennes Montagnes du Népal oriental" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/95062016/Primaut%C3%A9s_contest%C3%A9es_Chamling_Rai_Indo_N%C3%A9palais_et_Magar_hi%C3%A9rarchies_conflits_de_valeurs_et_recompositions_identitaires_dans_une_localit%C3%A9_des_Moyennes_Montagnes_du_N%C3%A9pal_oriental">Primautés contestées : Chamling Rai, Indo-Népalais et Magar : hiérarchies, conflits de valeurs, et recompositions identitaires dans une localité des Moyennes Montagnes du Népal oriental</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Http Www Theses Fr</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the overpopulated region of Temma (Khotang district), in the mountains of eastern Nepal, Indo-...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the overpopulated region of Temma (Khotang district), in the mountains of eastern Nepal, Indo-Nepalese (Brahman, Chetri and Dalit), Magar communities and the Chamling Rai, an autochthonous population of the Kiranti ethnic group, have been cohabiting for at least three centuries. Though their living conditions are alike, each of these strictly endogamic groups, whose religious practices and family structure differ considerably, leads a separate life. When they competed for a share of the land, they maintained neither openly violent nor cordial relations. The gradual removal of traditional Rai chiefs, then of the notables elevated to local responsibilities during the Panchayat period, the confusion that ensued after the democratic revolution in 1990, then the insurrection in 2001 by a maoist guerrilla in league with Kiranti nationalist and finally the ruthless operations led the army profoundly upset villagers&#39; composure and state of mind, revealing the extent of their frustrations and motives, but also very strong aspirations towards a return to peace and quiet. The thesis, which describes the anthropological particularities of each of these groups, also aims at tracing back over a long period of time the initially slow, gradual then finally painful transformations of a multi-community village society. The research especially focuses on the balances of political and economic power between these groups, on the strategies they use to either cooperate or shun each other, on mutations of religious feelings, on the traumas inflicted by this violence from the outside and on the dynamics that this implies and the social restructuring it heralds.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="95062016"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="95062016"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95062016; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95062016]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95062016]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95062016; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='95062016']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 95062016, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=95062016]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":95062016,"title":"Primautés contestées : Chamling Rai, Indo-Népalais et Magar : hiérarchies, conflits de valeurs, et recompositions identitaires dans une localité des Moyennes Montagnes du Népal oriental","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In the overpopulated region of Temma (Khotang district), in the mountains of eastern Nepal, Indo-Nepalese (Brahman, Chetri and Dalit), Magar communities and the Chamling Rai, an autochthonous population of the Kiranti ethnic group, have been cohabiting for at least three centuries. Though their living conditions are alike, each of these strictly endogamic groups, whose religious practices and family structure differ considerably, leads a separate life. When they competed for a share of the land, they maintained neither openly violent nor cordial relations. The gradual removal of traditional Rai chiefs, then of the notables elevated to local responsibilities during the Panchayat period, the confusion that ensued after the democratic revolution in 1990, then the insurrection in 2001 by a maoist guerrilla in league with Kiranti nationalist and finally the ruthless operations led the army profoundly upset villagers\u0026#39; composure and state of mind, revealing the extent of their frustrations and motives, but also very strong aspirations towards a return to peace and quiet. The thesis, which describes the anthropological particularities of each of these groups, also aims at tracing back over a long period of time the initially slow, gradual then finally painful transformations of a multi-community village society. The research especially focuses on the balances of political and economic power between these groups, on the strategies they use to either cooperate or shun each other, on mutations of religious feelings, on the traumas inflicted by this violence from the outside and on the dynamics that this implies and the social restructuring it heralds.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Http Www Theses Fr"},"translated_abstract":"In the overpopulated region of Temma (Khotang district), in the mountains of eastern Nepal, Indo-Nepalese (Brahman, Chetri and Dalit), Magar communities and the Chamling Rai, an autochthonous population of the Kiranti ethnic group, have been cohabiting for at least three centuries. Though their living conditions are alike, each of these strictly endogamic groups, whose religious practices and family structure differ considerably, leads a separate life. When they competed for a share of the land, they maintained neither openly violent nor cordial relations. The gradual removal of traditional Rai chiefs, then of the notables elevated to local responsibilities during the Panchayat period, the confusion that ensued after the democratic revolution in 1990, then the insurrection in 2001 by a maoist guerrilla in league with Kiranti nationalist and finally the ruthless operations led the army profoundly upset villagers\u0026#39; composure and state of mind, revealing the extent of their frustrations and motives, but also very strong aspirations towards a return to peace and quiet. The thesis, which describes the anthropological particularities of each of these groups, also aims at tracing back over a long period of time the initially slow, gradual then finally painful transformations of a multi-community village society. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="95061905"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/95061905/Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_Eastern_Nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Maoism , Violence and Religious Upheaval in a Village in Eastern Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97347798/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/95061905/Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_Eastern_Nepal">Maoism , Violence and Religious Upheaval in a Village in Eastern Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Anyone returning after a long absence to Temma, a village like so many others in eastern Nepal, w...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Anyone returning after a long absence to Temma, a village like so many others in eastern Nepal, will immediately notice that the fighting in Khotang district from 2001 to 2005 and the Maoist takeover of local life have rocked an order that once seemed immutable. For centuries, the communities who inhabited this mountainous but fertile area had found their way by coexisting side by side, with group distinctions being preserved by a strong religious conservatism. The low-intensity unrest which appeared in the wake of the “democratic revolution” in the 1990s was followed after 2001 by a sudden outburst of violence when the Maoist guerrilla and the royal army clashed in the vicinity of Temma. Until the 2005 cease-fire, permanent insecurity and distrust fuelled by the infiltration of Maoists and government informants provoked intense anxiety in village society, with severe repercussions on the religious life of communities, moreover disturbed by the “People’s government’s” constant inter...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="73888f8f77d483019dc192b732cd2f79" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":97347798,"asset_id":95061905,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97347798/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="95061905"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="95061905"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95061905; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95061905]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95061905]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95061905; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='95061905']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 95061905, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "73888f8f77d483019dc192b732cd2f79" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=95061905]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":95061905,"title":"Maoism , Violence and Religious Upheaval in a Village in Eastern Nepal","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Anyone returning after a long absence to Temma, a village like so many others in eastern Nepal, will immediately notice that the fighting in Khotang district from 2001 to 2005 and the Maoist takeover of local life have rocked an order that once seemed immutable. 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On the Possession of Women by the Goddess Bhagavati in some Mountain villages in eastern Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40856498/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19807777/Living_Goddesses_Everywhere_On_the_Possession_of_Women_by_the_Goddess_Bhagavati_in_some_Mountain_villages_in_eastern_Nepal">Living Goddesses Everywhere? On the Possession of Women by the Goddess Bhagavati in some Mountain villages in eastern Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Religion, Secularism and Ethnicity in Post-1990 Nepal</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter presents an ethnographical overview of the spread of possessions by the goddess Bhag...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter presents an ethnographical overview of the spread of possessions by the goddess Bhagavati among women in mountain villages of Eastern Nepal, a phenomenon which began slowly in the nineties, and then quickly when the local society was destabilized by the Maoist insurgency and the entry into modernity. The Goddess's grace confers on the possessed women powers of clairvoyance and moral healing and provides for the followers of the cult, mainly women, a response to an acute distress. This devotion, which has taken root mainly in the Rai, Magar and Dalit groups, reshapes the indigenous religions and challenges to the Hindu caste system. 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L’étude aborde l’usage des pronoms et des formules d’adresse comme marqueurs de rapports sociaux. Elle traite du langage des notables dont la forme évolue vers plus modération et de retenue.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c840bb7ba7ad334ad828b4e18920433" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40856413,"asset_id":19807598,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40856413/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19807598"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19807598"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19807598; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19807598]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19807598]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19807598; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19807598']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19807598, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c840bb7ba7ad334ad828b4e18920433" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19807598]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19807598,"title":"Authority, Status, and Caste markers in Everyday Village Conversations: the example of Eastern Nepal","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"L’article porte sur les spécificités du multilinguisme au Népal oriental, le statut du népali chez les groupes autochtones dont il n’est pas la langue maternelle, et l’homogénéisation en cours de ses variantes dialectales. L’étude aborde l’usage des pronoms et des formules d’adresse comme marqueurs de rapports sociaux. Elle traite du langage des notables dont la forme évolue vers plus modération et de retenue.","location":"University of Missouri, USA","publisher":"Professor John Zemke","event_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"journal_name":"Oral Traditions Journal ","publication_name":"Authoritative Speech in the Himalayan Region"},"translated_abstract":"L’article porte sur les spécificités du multilinguisme au Népal oriental, le statut du népali chez les groupes autochtones dont il n’est pas la langue maternelle, et l’homogénéisation en cours de ses variantes dialectales. L’étude aborde l’usage des pronoms et des formules d’adresse comme marqueurs de rapports sociaux. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19768613"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19768613/Maoists_in_Eastern_Nepal_The_example_of_Khotang"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Maoists in Eastern Nepal: The example of Khotang" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40833871/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19768613/Maoists_in_Eastern_Nepal_The_example_of_Khotang">Maoists in Eastern Nepal: The example of Khotang</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Revolution in Nepal (Book)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In Khotang district, the Maoist takeover was facilitated by the fragilities of a quarrelsome vill...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In Khotang district, the Maoist takeover was facilitated by the fragilities<br />of a quarrelsome village society, the declining influence of those<br />wielding authority locally during the 1990s, the army’s disproportionate<br />brutality, and the ‘run for your life’ movement that was rife among<br />village headmen, local officials, and the young generation. Too few to<br />get involved in the daily administration, the insurgents concentrated<br />on the expulsion of the police force, the taming of local notables, and<br />the moral regeneration of villagers. While maintaining the hope of a<br />radical change among their supporters, the Maoists did not implement<br />any long-lasting revolutionary measures in economic and social affairs.<br />While, on the whole, the Maobadis proved to play a finely tuned game,<br />their ambiguities stirred up a widespread wait-and-see attitude among<br />the majority of pussyfooted villagers, who may have granted them only<br />questionable, perhaps temporary, support.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="777a1198107cd332ec392f4647d5a32e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40833871,"asset_id":19768613,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40833871/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19768613"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19768613"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19768613; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19768613]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19768613]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19768613; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19768613']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19768613, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "777a1198107cd332ec392f4647d5a32e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19768613]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19768613,"title":"Maoists in Eastern Nepal: The example of Khotang","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In Khotang district, the Maoist takeover was facilitated by the fragilities\nof a quarrelsome village society, the declining influence of those\nwielding authority locally during the 1990s, the army’s disproportionate\nbrutality, and the ‘run for your life’ movement that was rife among\nvillage headmen, local officials, and the young generation. Too few to\nget involved in the daily administration, the insurgents concentrated\non the expulsion of the police force, the taming of local notables, and\nthe moral regeneration of villagers. While maintaining the hope of a\nradical change among their supporters, the Maoists did not implement\nany long-lasting revolutionary measures in economic and social affairs.\nWhile, on the whole, the Maobadis proved to play a finely tuned game,\ntheir ambiguities stirred up a widespread wait-and-see attitude among\nthe majority of pussyfooted villagers, who may have granted them only\nquestionable, perhaps temporary, support.","location":"New Delhi","more_info":"Edited by Marie Lecomte-Tilouine","publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","event_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Revolution in Nepal (Book)"},"translated_abstract":"In Khotang district, the Maoist takeover was facilitated by the fragilities\nof a quarrelsome village society, the declining influence of those\nwielding authority locally during the 1990s, the army’s disproportionate\nbrutality, and the ‘run for your life’ movement that was rife among\nvillage headmen, local officials, and the young generation. Too few to\nget involved in the daily administration, the insurgents concentrated\non the expulsion of the police force, the taming of local notables, and\nthe moral regeneration of villagers. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19768357"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19768357/Maoists_and_Dalits_A_Case_Study_in_a_Locality_in_Eastern_Nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Maoists and Dalits: A Case Study in a Locality in Eastern Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40833614/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19768357/Maoists_and_Dalits_A_Case_Study_in_a_Locality_in_Eastern_Nepal">Maoists and Dalits: A Case Study in a Locality in Eastern Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Aftermath of the People’s War, </span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Les maoïstes ont voulu mettre fin au traitement vexatoire infligé aux castes d'intouchables au ri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Les maoïstes ont voulu mettre fin au traitement vexatoire infligé aux castes d'intouchables au risque de brusquer une société locale qui n’y était pas préparée tout reportant à l’avenir les aspects économiques et sociaux de la question. Dans l’immédiat, le bilan est mince car les autres groupes masquent leurs préjugés sans que les mentalités évoluent en profondeur. Les interventions brouillonnes des maoïstes laissé aux Dalits, assoiffés de reconnaissance, un goût d'inachevé,  mais elles ont mis en branle une dynamique dont les effets se prolongent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1f907cf65aa5ec53b98bf084fdce8749" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40833614,"asset_id":19768357,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40833614/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19768357"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19768357"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19768357; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19768357]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19768357]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19768357; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19768357']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19768357, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1f907cf65aa5ec53b98bf084fdce8749" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19768357]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19768357,"title":"Maoists and Dalits: A Case Study in a Locality in Eastern Nepal","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Les maoïstes ont voulu mettre fin au traitement vexatoire infligé aux castes d'intouchables au risque de brusquer une société locale qui n’y était pas préparée tout reportant à l’avenir les aspects économiques et sociaux de la question. 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Les brimades et vexations infligées aux prêtres brahmanes ont marqué les esprits sans modifier en profondeur les comportements. L’hindouisme populaire hétérodoxe et les missionnaires  protestants trouvent un certain écho dans une société avide de nouveautés.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7ff95cfa25e39f57e1f7dff9b9842c93" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40833393,"asset_id":19768245,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40833393/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19768245"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19768245"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19768245; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19768245]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19768245]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19768245; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19768245']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19768245, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7ff95cfa25e39f57e1f7dff9b9842c93" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19768245]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19768245,"title":"Maoism, Violence and Religious Upheaval in a Village in Eastern Nepal","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Avec en ligne de mire l’hindouisme brahmanique et le système des castes qu’il légitime, les maoïstes ont cherché à reléguer les cultes dans la sphère privée. Les brimades et vexations infligées aux prêtres brahmanes ont marqué les esprits sans modifier en profondeur les comportements. L’hindouisme populaire hétérodoxe et les missionnaires protestants trouvent un certain écho dans une société avide de nouveautés.","publisher":"EBHR 33-34","event_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"journal_name":"european bulletin of himalayan research (EBHR)","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Avec en ligne de mire l’hindouisme brahmanique et le système des castes qu’il légitime, les maoïstes ont cherché à reléguer les cultes dans la sphère privée. Les brimades et vexations infligées aux prêtres brahmanes ont marqué les esprits sans modifier en profondeur les comportements. L’hindouisme populaire hétérodoxe et les missionnaires protestants trouvent un certain écho dans une société avide de nouveautés.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19768245/Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_Eastern_Nepal","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-12-21T06:17:13.517-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1367608,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40833393,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40833393/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Maoism__Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_EasternEBHR_33_34_06.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40833393/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_i.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/40833393/Maoism__Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_EasternEBHR_33_34_06-libre.pdf?1450708773=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMaoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_i.pdf\u0026Expires=1732783384\u0026Signature=hTUjRnbhEDNMw052jNHsHnqrIvfAgB8DWlj3-BUCtzjGwT93TKfZq7mh4N5IRiFjeAldEiXNTfxhsjtZekdfusRARe4qIjDyxYVwYqgUM0nln4-azYZHdBlkWvYJYd-A3UouwmzrfiYbkKKziVEGkyXjT0J7YkSXAfBdDpD2QAlrQC6HjIRv2qKGKwpEBQuBHX27eu4WOgkVbW5JPri5OFu1~-JTSk9iYl9FgwkimyS1fjCkpcBOZBv9eYaYnzQyxz1LJoJ~A7Y6X~V-yQACwzUoU4Vj02TS9m1Si4h-b4mjlhjGiI6C4xxhdvUasx4Zs-7KX6~62tDHE8tksGrGEg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_Eastern_Nepal","translated_slug":"","page_count":20,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1367608,"first_name":"Pustak","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ghimire","page_name":"PustakGhimire","domain_name":"ehess","created_at":"2012-03-25T20:27:06.456-07:00","display_name":"Pustak Ghimire","url":"https://ehess.academia.edu/PustakGhimire"},"attachments":[{"id":40833393,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40833393/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Maoism__Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_EasternEBHR_33_34_06.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40833393/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_i.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/40833393/Maoism__Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_EasternEBHR_33_34_06-libre.pdf?1450708773=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMaoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_i.pdf\u0026Expires=1732783384\u0026Signature=hTUjRnbhEDNMw052jNHsHnqrIvfAgB8DWlj3-BUCtzjGwT93TKfZq7mh4N5IRiFjeAldEiXNTfxhsjtZekdfusRARe4qIjDyxYVwYqgUM0nln4-azYZHdBlkWvYJYd-A3UouwmzrfiYbkKKziVEGkyXjT0J7YkSXAfBdDpD2QAlrQC6HjIRv2qKGKwpEBQuBHX27eu4WOgkVbW5JPri5OFu1~-JTSk9iYl9FgwkimyS1fjCkpcBOZBv9eYaYnzQyxz1LJoJ~A7Y6X~V-yQACwzUoU4Vj02TS9m1Si4h-b4mjlhjGiI6C4xxhdvUasx4Zs-7KX6~62tDHE8tksGrGEg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="4292990" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="95062017"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/95062017/Authority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Everyday_Village_Conversations_The_Example_of_Eastern_Nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Authority, Status, and Caste Markers in Everyday Village Conversations: The Example of Eastern Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97347918/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/95062017/Authority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Everyday_Village_Conversations_The_Example_of_Eastern_Nepal">Authority, Status, and Caste Markers in Everyday Village Conversations: The Example of Eastern Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Oral Tradition</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="65777982556a488078b4c4c24ab0124a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":97347918,"asset_id":95062017,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97347918/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3OTc4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="95062017"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="95062017"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95062017; 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The study is carried out from a socio-anthropological perspective rather than a linguistic or a literary one. 1 Before discussing the topic in detail, I characterize the site of my research, which is the Khotang District. Firstly, it is a mixed society: the autochthonous Chamling Rai represent 39 percent of the population, Chetris 22 percent, Brahmans 9 percent, Newars, Magars, and other Himalayan communities about 5 percent each, and Dalits also 5 percent. The identity of the Chamling Rai has been preserved by their specific religious rituals and an exclusive relationship with their ancestral land. Other indigenous \"Himalayan\" communities (Magars, Tamangs, Gurungs, and Newars) have their own identity and rituals but they are not regarded (and they do not consider themselves) as autochthonous in Khotang. 2 Like caste people (Brahmins, Chetri, and the craftsmen caste), they are \"guests\" in a land that is not \"theirs.\" Brahmin-Chetris, who are numerically equal to Chamling Rais in a large number of Village Development Committees (VDCs), draw strength from their comfortable economic position and centuries-old cultural and religious affinities with the elite who wield power in Kathmandu. This local diversity is reflected in their language: caste people speak only Nepali while indigenous communities, who use their Oral Tradition, 30/2 (2016): 387-408 1 I am grateful to the Fernand Braudel International Fellowships for Experienced Researchers Fellowship (Braudel-IFER) for giving me the opportunity to continue my research on religious practice in Nepal at Oxford for one year-the first draft of this paper was written during the Fellowship tenure. I am also thankful to Marie Lecomte-Tilouine and Anne de Sales for their comments as well as to Bernadette Sellers (Centre national de la researche scientifique, CNRS) for proofreading the draft. 2 According to the official terminology, a distinction is made between Adivasi Janajati, or \"indigenous\" ethnic groups, and the Brahmins-Chetri and Dalits, who are not regarded as \"indigenous.\" Although commonly used, this wording is rather unsatisfactory in the local context: in VDCs in the Sapsu Khola valley where fieldwork was conducted, it appears-if one is to believe the genealogical data kept by priests on the lineage cult and marriages is correct-that Chetri from neighboring localities, followed by their Brahmin priests and craftsmen, settled there twelve or thirteen generations ago, in the seventeenth century; the Magars arrived at the end of the eighteenth century, and the Newars in the late nineteenth century. Only the Rai are \"autochthonous\"; the other groups whether they be \"indigenous\" (the Adivasi Janajati) or \"Indo-Nepalese\" are regarded locally as \"latecomers.\" While I prefer the term \"Himalayan communities\" to characterize the Adivasi Janajati, I will respect common usage, despite its ambiguity.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Oral Tradition","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":97347918},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95062017/Authority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Everyday_Village_Conversations_The_Example_of_Eastern_Nepal","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-01-15T22:29:18.851-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1367608,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":97347918,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97347918/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"OralTradition30-2-Ghimire.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97347918/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3OTc4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Authority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Ev.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97347918/OralTradition30-2-Ghimire-libre.pdf?1673852831=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Ev.pdf\u0026Expires=1732783382\u0026Signature=FEAWzeDwMqdZFOBb9xsEs5fTu0~BceU0ZShVM9WrtEb~NWbmRyxN9YB5FkBL4bYGOnqWnMBihfiPn~cMZPFLV2ujl6G7vHHF2VDcILHizVDnAAI1GQwImM7fch-lpHsUdHPTF54q2ISK7QIXvneAm2C3XSWAU10IlI2C0cHDljeVP0GdHBuR~MWffmnGfCV~d7cBAB0o0m~je024ZbSrNfHzH3f9Uw5vr-0CXvcNwDivM5H~gAjWiMwbkabMGWgK18a2skXp5OrTwqixdLYGYuttUffBUfFgDAMI5HUF5YGqHu18MERkethoO5ogoQJaokL7qdNWJ13SyvNZOB-XcQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Authority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Everyday_Village_Conversations_The_Example_of_Eastern_Nepal","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1367608,"first_name":"Pustak","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ghimire","page_name":"PustakGhimire","domain_name":"ehess","created_at":"2012-03-25T20:27:06.456-07:00","display_name":"Pustak Ghimire","url":"https://ehess.academia.edu/PustakGhimire"},"attachments":[{"id":97347918,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97347918/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"OralTradition30-2-Ghimire.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97347918/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3OTc4Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Authority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Ev.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97347918/OralTradition30-2-Ghimire-libre.pdf?1673852831=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAuthority_Status_and_Caste_Markers_in_Ev.pdf\u0026Expires=1732783382\u0026Signature=FEAWzeDwMqdZFOBb9xsEs5fTu0~BceU0ZShVM9WrtEb~NWbmRyxN9YB5FkBL4bYGOnqWnMBihfiPn~cMZPFLV2ujl6G7vHHF2VDcILHizVDnAAI1GQwImM7fch-lpHsUdHPTF54q2ISK7QIXvneAm2C3XSWAU10IlI2C0cHDljeVP0GdHBuR~MWffmnGfCV~d7cBAB0o0m~je024ZbSrNfHzH3f9Uw5vr-0CXvcNwDivM5H~gAjWiMwbkabMGWgK18a2skXp5OrTwqixdLYGYuttUffBUfFgDAMI5HUF5YGqHu18MERkethoO5ogoQJaokL7qdNWJ13SyvNZOB-XcQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology"},{"id":19267,"name":"Oral Tradition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Tradition"},{"id":118633,"name":"Caste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caste"},{"id":553704,"name":"Civility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civility"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="95062016"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/95062016/Primaut%C3%A9s_contest%C3%A9es_Chamling_Rai_Indo_N%C3%A9palais_et_Magar_hi%C3%A9rarchies_conflits_de_valeurs_et_recompositions_identitaires_dans_une_localit%C3%A9_des_Moyennes_Montagnes_du_N%C3%A9pal_oriental"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Primautés contestées : Chamling Rai, Indo-Népalais et Magar : hiérarchies, conflits de valeurs, et recompositions identitaires dans une localité des Moyennes Montagnes du Népal oriental" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/95062016/Primaut%C3%A9s_contest%C3%A9es_Chamling_Rai_Indo_N%C3%A9palais_et_Magar_hi%C3%A9rarchies_conflits_de_valeurs_et_recompositions_identitaires_dans_une_localit%C3%A9_des_Moyennes_Montagnes_du_N%C3%A9pal_oriental">Primautés contestées : Chamling Rai, Indo-Népalais et Magar : hiérarchies, conflits de valeurs, et recompositions identitaires dans une localité des Moyennes Montagnes du Népal oriental</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Http Www Theses Fr</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the overpopulated region of Temma (Khotang district), in the mountains of eastern Nepal, Indo-...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the overpopulated region of Temma (Khotang district), in the mountains of eastern Nepal, Indo-Nepalese (Brahman, Chetri and Dalit), Magar communities and the Chamling Rai, an autochthonous population of the Kiranti ethnic group, have been cohabiting for at least three centuries. Though their living conditions are alike, each of these strictly endogamic groups, whose religious practices and family structure differ considerably, leads a separate life. When they competed for a share of the land, they maintained neither openly violent nor cordial relations. The gradual removal of traditional Rai chiefs, then of the notables elevated to local responsibilities during the Panchayat period, the confusion that ensued after the democratic revolution in 1990, then the insurrection in 2001 by a maoist guerrilla in league with Kiranti nationalist and finally the ruthless operations led the army profoundly upset villagers&#39; composure and state of mind, revealing the extent of their frustrations and motives, but also very strong aspirations towards a return to peace and quiet. The thesis, which describes the anthropological particularities of each of these groups, also aims at tracing back over a long period of time the initially slow, gradual then finally painful transformations of a multi-community village society. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="95061905"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/95061905/Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_Eastern_Nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Maoism , Violence and Religious Upheaval in a Village in Eastern Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97347798/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/95061905/Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_Eastern_Nepal">Maoism , Violence and Religious Upheaval in a Village in Eastern Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Anyone returning after a long absence to Temma, a village like so many others in eastern Nepal, w...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Anyone returning after a long absence to Temma, a village like so many others in eastern Nepal, will immediately notice that the fighting in Khotang district from 2001 to 2005 and the Maoist takeover of local life have rocked an order that once seemed immutable. For centuries, the communities who inhabited this mountainous but fertile area had found their way by coexisting side by side, with group distinctions being preserved by a strong religious conservatism. The low-intensity unrest which appeared in the wake of the “democratic revolution” in the 1990s was followed after 2001 by a sudden outburst of violence when the Maoist guerrilla and the royal army clashed in the vicinity of Temma. Until the 2005 cease-fire, permanent insecurity and distrust fuelled by the infiltration of Maoists and government informants provoked intense anxiety in village society, with severe repercussions on the religious life of communities, moreover disturbed by the “People’s government’s” constant inter...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="73888f8f77d483019dc192b732cd2f79" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":97347798,"asset_id":95061905,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97347798/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3OTc4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="95061905"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="95061905"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95061905; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95061905]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=95061905]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 95061905; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='95061905']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 95061905, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "73888f8f77d483019dc192b732cd2f79" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=95061905]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":95061905,"title":"Maoism , Violence and Religious Upheaval in a Village in Eastern Nepal","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Anyone returning after a long absence to Temma, a village like so many others in eastern Nepal, will immediately notice that the fighting in Khotang district from 2001 to 2005 and the Maoist takeover of local life have rocked an order that once seemed immutable. 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Until the 2005 cease-fire, permanent insecurity and distrust fuelled by the infiltration of Maoists and government informants provoked intense anxiety in village society, with severe repercussions on the religious life of communities, moreover disturbed by the “People’s government’s” constant inter...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95061905/Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_Eastern_Nepal","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-01-15T22:28:14.427-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":1367608,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":97347798,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97347798/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"EBHR_33_34_06.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97347798/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3OTc4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_i.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97347798/EBHR_33_34_06-libre.pdf?1673852832=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMaoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_i.pdf\u0026Expires=1732783383\u0026Signature=I3CshtTTS7G9e5dn1I4M88MRi0ZdxBqTDgS6THdpwV4AEv3BmrYKwpfcCFSoxx1iZ23Vh7v5qztsgjbJrWFw5Bnwz-6du6-yThKKBSDZPdGtxPIo7UwZTSxFYEzeA4lTVgODX0b5AV6Vvo9D6D97Zd4KrGA5ZLR-y6ivyuWAotQbqVo9qibJhieG7gHwHSdexOPPT1cb1k~Nd0bSOehcbMxxLM65J8kk5U3wBdM0wxz-E2-YFrckcN0bytK8d1NFUp0rUp2ke6h5QGoHBFfjseS901a7pWA1m2y3rGUQAnhtXjER6djX6ipLOhcWnG6yL2mKuxTfvtd2vThpijOKXQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_Eastern_Nepal","translated_slug":"","page_count":20,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":1367608,"first_name":"Pustak","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ghimire","page_name":"PustakGhimire","domain_name":"ehess","created_at":"2012-03-25T20:27:06.456-07:00","display_name":"Pustak Ghimire","url":"https://ehess.academia.edu/PustakGhimire"},"attachments":[{"id":97347798,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97347798/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"EBHR_33_34_06.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97347798/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3OTc4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_i.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97347798/EBHR_33_34_06-libre.pdf?1673852832=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMaoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_i.pdf\u0026Expires=1732783383\u0026Signature=I3CshtTTS7G9e5dn1I4M88MRi0ZdxBqTDgS6THdpwV4AEv3BmrYKwpfcCFSoxx1iZ23Vh7v5qztsgjbJrWFw5Bnwz-6du6-yThKKBSDZPdGtxPIo7UwZTSxFYEzeA4lTVgODX0b5AV6Vvo9D6D97Zd4KrGA5ZLR-y6ivyuWAotQbqVo9qibJhieG7gHwHSdexOPPT1cb1k~Nd0bSOehcbMxxLM65J8kk5U3wBdM0wxz-E2-YFrckcN0bytK8d1NFUp0rUp2ke6h5QGoHBFfjseS901a7pWA1m2y3rGUQAnhtXjER6djX6ipLOhcWnG6yL2mKuxTfvtd2vThpijOKXQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":97347799,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97347799/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"EBHR_33_34_06.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/97347799/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_i.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/97347799/EBHR_33_34_06-libre.pdf?1673852835=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMaoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_i.pdf\u0026Expires=1732783383\u0026Signature=VH2mzDaFtWIk3TBDFRAIvAinBxtuux58iy~o6xO4CnGKQ5WwQ~TdejiiRfPeYnQoGONF20KB3EL3iHhpZM2mtmlQScfuu8OEYpHYrbfzWqo-3pufrFwYwdxiuVtCIkttQNIbNRd9noMqd7Ujj46AaCi7WiBVWBygt5CGWA8BD2npeDbb3nuu1eTHq4PrOvl4aWX3fAWkq5gRkHSDh0gK3rEUl8d47nK~eZUvC6O08~Rr4YOA6ikVIYbitOtOS-7NnAU-oQC7P7rcN-WiZ8dc6on2wPprO41-vM5nUZrGeioepR5wXY1B-vtP59ULn1eNwGFuc4E0dpC2pAzlc-Kp2A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":28091354,"url":"http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ebhr/pdf/EBHR_33\u002634_06.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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On the Possession of Women by the Goddess Bhagavati in some Mountain villages in eastern Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40856498/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19807777/Living_Goddesses_Everywhere_On_the_Possession_of_Women_by_the_Goddess_Bhagavati_in_some_Mountain_villages_in_eastern_Nepal">Living Goddesses Everywhere? On the Possession of Women by the Goddess Bhagavati in some Mountain villages in eastern Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Religion, Secularism and Ethnicity in Post-1990 Nepal</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter presents an ethnographical overview of the spread of possessions by the goddess Bhag...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter presents an ethnographical overview of the spread of possessions by the goddess Bhagavati among women in mountain villages of Eastern Nepal, a phenomenon which began slowly in the nineties, and then quickly when the local society was destabilized by the Maoist insurgency and the entry into modernity. The Goddess's grace confers on the possessed women powers of clairvoyance and moral healing and provides for the followers of the cult, mainly women, a response to an acute distress. This devotion, which has taken root mainly in the Rai, Magar and Dalit groups, reshapes the indigenous religions and challenges to the Hindu caste system. 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L’étude aborde l’usage des pronoms et des formules d’adresse comme marqueurs de rapports sociaux. Elle traite du langage des notables dont la forme évolue vers plus modération et de retenue.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c840bb7ba7ad334ad828b4e18920433" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40856413,"asset_id":19807598,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40856413/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19807598"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19807598"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19807598; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19807598]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19807598]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19807598; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19807598']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19807598, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c840bb7ba7ad334ad828b4e18920433" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19807598]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19807598,"title":"Authority, Status, and Caste markers in Everyday Village Conversations: the example of Eastern Nepal","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"L’article porte sur les spécificités du multilinguisme au Népal oriental, le statut du népali chez les groupes autochtones dont il n’est pas la langue maternelle, et l’homogénéisation en cours de ses variantes dialectales. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19768613"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19768613/Maoists_in_Eastern_Nepal_The_example_of_Khotang"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Maoists in Eastern Nepal: The example of Khotang" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40833871/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19768613/Maoists_in_Eastern_Nepal_The_example_of_Khotang">Maoists in Eastern Nepal: The example of Khotang</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Revolution in Nepal (Book)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In Khotang district, the Maoist takeover was facilitated by the fragilities of a quarrelsome vill...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In Khotang district, the Maoist takeover was facilitated by the fragilities<br />of a quarrelsome village society, the declining influence of those<br />wielding authority locally during the 1990s, the army’s disproportionate<br />brutality, and the ‘run for your life’ movement that was rife among<br />village headmen, local officials, and the young generation. Too few to<br />get involved in the daily administration, the insurgents concentrated<br />on the expulsion of the police force, the taming of local notables, and<br />the moral regeneration of villagers. While maintaining the hope of a<br />radical change among their supporters, the Maoists did not implement<br />any long-lasting revolutionary measures in economic and social affairs.<br />While, on the whole, the Maobadis proved to play a finely tuned game,<br />their ambiguities stirred up a widespread wait-and-see attitude among<br />the majority of pussyfooted villagers, who may have granted them only<br />questionable, perhaps temporary, support.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="777a1198107cd332ec392f4647d5a32e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40833871,"asset_id":19768613,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40833871/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19768613"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19768613"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19768613; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19768613]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19768613]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19768613; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19768613']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19768613, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "777a1198107cd332ec392f4647d5a32e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19768613]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19768613,"title":"Maoists in Eastern Nepal: The example of Khotang","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In Khotang district, the Maoist takeover was facilitated by the fragilities\nof a quarrelsome village society, the declining influence of those\nwielding authority locally during the 1990s, the army’s disproportionate\nbrutality, and the ‘run for your life’ movement that was rife among\nvillage headmen, local officials, and the young generation. Too few to\nget involved in the daily administration, the insurgents concentrated\non the expulsion of the police force, the taming of local notables, and\nthe moral regeneration of villagers. While maintaining the hope of a\nradical change among their supporters, the Maoists did not implement\nany long-lasting revolutionary measures in economic and social affairs.\nWhile, on the whole, the Maobadis proved to play a finely tuned game,\ntheir ambiguities stirred up a widespread wait-and-see attitude among\nthe majority of pussyfooted villagers, who may have granted them only\nquestionable, perhaps temporary, support.","location":"New Delhi","more_info":"Edited by Marie Lecomte-Tilouine","publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","event_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Revolution in Nepal (Book)"},"translated_abstract":"In Khotang district, the Maoist takeover was facilitated by the fragilities\nof a quarrelsome village society, the declining influence of those\nwielding authority locally during the 1990s, the army’s disproportionate\nbrutality, and the ‘run for your life’ movement that was rife among\nvillage headmen, local officials, and the young generation. Too few to\nget involved in the daily administration, the insurgents concentrated\non the expulsion of the police force, the taming of local notables, and\nthe moral regeneration of villagers. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19768357"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19768357/Maoists_and_Dalits_A_Case_Study_in_a_Locality_in_Eastern_Nepal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Maoists and Dalits: A Case Study in a Locality in Eastern Nepal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40833614/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19768357/Maoists_and_Dalits_A_Case_Study_in_a_Locality_in_Eastern_Nepal">Maoists and Dalits: A Case Study in a Locality in Eastern Nepal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Aftermath of the People’s War, </span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Les maoïstes ont voulu mettre fin au traitement vexatoire infligé aux castes d'intouchables au ri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Les maoïstes ont voulu mettre fin au traitement vexatoire infligé aux castes d'intouchables au risque de brusquer une société locale qui n’y était pas préparée tout reportant à l’avenir les aspects économiques et sociaux de la question. Dans l’immédiat, le bilan est mince car les autres groupes masquent leurs préjugés sans que les mentalités évoluent en profondeur. Les interventions brouillonnes des maoïstes laissé aux Dalits, assoiffés de reconnaissance, un goût d'inachevé,  mais elles ont mis en branle une dynamique dont les effets se prolongent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1f907cf65aa5ec53b98bf084fdce8749" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40833614,"asset_id":19768357,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40833614/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19768357"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19768357"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19768357; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19768357]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19768357]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19768357; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19768357']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19768357, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1f907cf65aa5ec53b98bf084fdce8749" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19768357]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19768357,"title":"Maoists and Dalits: A Case Study in a Locality in Eastern Nepal","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Les maoïstes ont voulu mettre fin au traitement vexatoire infligé aux castes d'intouchables au risque de brusquer une société locale qui n’y était pas préparée tout reportant à l’avenir les aspects économiques et sociaux de la question. 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Les brimades et vexations infligées aux prêtres brahmanes ont marqué les esprits sans modifier en profondeur les comportements. L’hindouisme populaire hétérodoxe et les missionnaires  protestants trouvent un certain écho dans une société avide de nouveautés.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7ff95cfa25e39f57e1f7dff9b9842c93" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40833393,"asset_id":19768245,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40833393/download_file?st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3OTc4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19768245"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19768245"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19768245; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19768245]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19768245]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19768245; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19768245']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19768245, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7ff95cfa25e39f57e1f7dff9b9842c93" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=19768245]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":19768245,"title":"Maoism, Violence and Religious Upheaval in a Village in Eastern Nepal","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Avec en ligne de mire l’hindouisme brahmanique et le système des castes qu’il légitime, les maoïstes ont cherché à reléguer les cultes dans la sphère privée. 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