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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Paritatea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paritatea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Paritatea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paritatea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Errore_detekzioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Errore_detekzioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Errore detekzioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Errore_detekzioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erabilera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erabilera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Erabilera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erabilera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus_Gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus_Gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ikus Gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus_Gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Paritate bit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 37 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariteitsbis" title="Pariteitsbis – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pariteitsbis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A4" title="بت التكافؤ – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بت التكافؤ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F" title="প্যারীটি বিট – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্যারীটি বিট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_de_paritat" title="Bit de paritat – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bit de paritat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritn%C3%AD_bit" title="Paritní bit – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paritní bit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritetsbit" title="Paritetsbit – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Paritetsbit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parit%C3%A4tsbit" title="Paritätsbit – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paritätsbit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_bit" title="Parity bit – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Parity bit" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parecbito" title="Parecbito – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parecbito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_de_paridad" title="Bit de paridad – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bit de paridad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paarsuskontroll" title="Paarsuskontroll – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paarsuskontroll" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86" title="بیت توازن – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیت توازن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariteettibitti" title="Pariteettibitti – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pariteettibitti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seice%C3%A1il_paireachta" title="Seiceáil paireachta – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seiceáil paireachta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%96%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="סיבית זוגיות – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיבית זוגיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritetni_bit" title="Paritetni bit – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Paritetni bit" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parit%C3%A1sbit" title="Paritásbit – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Paritásbit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_di_parit%C3%A0" title="Bit di parità – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bit di parità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="パリティビット – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パリティビット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%A8%EB%A6%AC%ED%8B%B0_%EB%B9%84%ED%8A%B8" title="패리티 비트 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="패리티 비트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81r%C4%ABbas_bits" title="Pārības bits – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pārības bits" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="പാരിറ്റി ബിറ്റ് – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാരിറ്റി ബിറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariteitsbit" title="Pariteitsbit – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pariteitsbit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritetsbit" title="Paritetsbit – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Paritetsbit" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontrola_parzysto%C5%9Bci" title="Kontrola parzystości – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kontrola parzystości" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paridade_(telecomunica%C3%A7%C3%B5es)" title="Paridade (telecomunicações) – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paridade (telecomunicações)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Бит чётности – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бит чётности" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parita_(kontroln%C3%BD_s%C3%BA%C4%8Det)" title="Parita (kontrolný súčet) – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Parita (kontrolný súčet)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Бит парности – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бит парности" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paritetsbit" title="Paritetsbit – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Paritetsbit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="แพริตีบิต – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แพริตีบิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%9Flik_biti" title="Eşlik biti – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eşlik biti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96" title="Біт парності – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біт парності" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%B9" title="پیریٹی بٹ – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیریٹی بٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_ch%E1%BA%B5n_l%E1%BA%BB" title="Bit chẵn lẻ – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bit chẵn lẻ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%81%B6%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C%E4%BD%8D" title="奇偶校验位 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奇偶校验位" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%81%B6%E6%AA%A2%E6%B8%AC" title="奇偶檢測 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奇偶檢測" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q625502#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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title="Bit">bita</a> da. Bita gehitzen da '1' biten kopurua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paritate (sortu gabe)">bikoitia</a> edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paritate (sortu gabe)">bakoitia</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> den jakiteko. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Errore_detekzio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Errore detekzio (sortu gabe)">Errore detekzio</a> sinpleena paritate bita da. </p><p>Bi paritate bit mota daude: <b>bikoitia</b> eta <b>bakoitia</b>. </p><p>Paritate bikoitiaren kasuan, jasotako kate bitarrean '1' bitak zenbatzen dira. Zenbaketa bakoitia bada, paritate bitak '1' balioa izango du. Horrela, kate bitarrean dauden '1' biten kopurua bikoiti bihurtuko da. Zenbaketa bikoitia bada, paritate bitak '0' balioa izango du. </p><p>Paritate bakoitiaren kasuan, kodifikazioa alderantzizkoa da. Berriz zenbatzen dira '1' bitak . Zenbaketa bakoitia bada, paritate bitak '0' balioa izango du. Zenbaketa bikoitia bada, paritate bitak '1' balioa izango du. Horrela, kate bitarrean dauden '1' biten kopurua bakoiti bihurtuko da. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">7 biteko hitza </th> <th rowspan="2">'1' biten zenbaketa </th> <th colspan="2">8 biteko hitza ( paritate bita barne) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Paritate bikoitia </th> <th>Paritate bakoitia </th></tr> <tr> <td>0000000 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><b>0</b>0000000 </td> <td><b>1</b>0000000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1010001 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><b>1</b>1010001 </td> <td><b>0</b>1010001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1101001 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><b>0</b>1101001 </td> <td><b>1</b>1101001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1111111 </td> <td>7 </td> <td><b>1</b>1111111 </td> <td><b>0</b>1111111 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Paritate bikoitia <a href="/wiki/CRC" title="CRC">kode ziklikoaren (CRC)</a> kasu berezia da. Kode ziklikoan '1' bita <i>x+</i>1 <a href="/wiki/Polinomio" title="Polinomio">polinomioak</a> sortzen du. </p><p>Kasu batzuetan, paritate bita doan lekuan bit bat ager daiteke, baina bit horrek ez du paritatearekin zerikusirik. Bit horren balioa '1' denean <b>marka paritate bit</b> deitzen zaio. Bit horren balioa '0' denean, aldiz, <b>espazio paritate bit</b> deitzen zaio. Paritate<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bitaren balioa konstantea denean, <b>makila paritate bit</b> deitzen zaio. Bit horren funtzioa sistemaren arabera definitzen da. Normalean, helbideen<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> informazio kontrolerako, denbora kudeaketarako edo indentifikatzailea izateko erabiltzen da. Orokorrean, paritate bita komunikazio protokoloetako unitate txikienetan erabiltzen da, 8 biteko hitzetan gehienbat. <br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paritatea">Paritatea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Paritatea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Paritatea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Matematika arloan, zenbaki oso baten paritatea definitzeko bakoitia edo bikoitia den aztertu behar da. <a href="/wiki/Zenbaki-sistema_bitar" title="Zenbaki-sistema bitar">Sistema bitarrean</a>, pisu gutxieneko bitaren arabera paritatea definitzen da. <a href="/wiki/Telekomunikazio" title="Telekomunikazio">Telekomunikazioetan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Konputazio" title="Konputazio">konputazioan</a>, bit kate batean '1' biten zenbatekoa bikoitia ala bakoitia den aztertu behar da paritatea definitzeko. Paritatea kalkulatzeko <a href="/wiki/ALA_ate_logikoa" title="ALA ate logikoa">XOR</a> batuketa egin daiteke, paritate bikoitian '0' eta paritate bakoitian '1' lortuz. Paritatearen propietatea bit guztiekiko dependentea denez, edozein bit aldatuz, emaitza aldatzen da. Horregatik, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Errore_detekzio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Errore detekzio (sortu gabe)">errore detekziorako</a> egokia da.<br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Errore_detekzioa">Errore detekzioa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Errore detekzioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Errore detekzioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bit kopuru bakoitia ( paritate bita barne) errorearekin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transmisio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transmisio (sortu gabe)">transmititzen</a> bada, paritatea akastuna izango da. Transmisioan zehar <b>paritate errorea</b> egon dela agertuko da. Paritate bitak errorea detektatzeko soilik balio du. Errorea konpontzeko ez du balio, eta ezin da jakin errore bita zein izan den. Transmititutako datua baztertu behar da eta berriz transmititu. Zarata dagoenean, batzuetan denbora luzea behar da errorerik gabeko transmisio bat egiteko. Beste batzuetan, aldiz, ez da inoiz lortuko errorerik gabe transmititzea. Izan ere, paritatea inplementatzeko soilik bit bakarra behar da eta <a href="/wiki/ALA_ate_logikoa" title="ALA ate logikoa">XOR ateak</a> erabiliz inplementatu daiteke. </p><p>Normalean, paritate bita <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> kodifikazioan erabiltzen da, hitz bitarrak 7 bitekoak direlako. Beraz, hitza eta paritate bita sortzean 8 biteko hitza lortuko da. </p><p>Orain paritate bitaren erabilpena transmisio batean ikusiko dugu. Demagun Txominek Borjari 4 biteko mezua bidali nahi diola. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Paritate mota </th> <th>Transmisio zuzena </th></tr> <tr> <td>Paritate bitarra </td> <td>Txominek "1001" transmititu nahi du. <p>Txominek paritate bita kalkulatzen du: 1+0+0+1= 2. Beraz, paritate bita: '0'. </p><p>Txominek paritate bita gehitzen du eta Borjari bidaltzen dio: "1001<b>0</b>". </p><p>Borjak "10010" jasotzen du. </p><p>Borjak paritatea baieztatzen du: 1+0+0+1= 2. Beraz, paritate bita: '0'. </p><p>Borjak transmisioa baieztatzen du, emaitza bikoitia espero zuelako. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paritate bakoitia </td> <td>Txominek "1001" transmititu nahi du. <p>Txominek paritate bita kalkulatzen du: 1+0+0+1= 2. Beraz, paritate bita: '1'. </p><p>Txominek paritate bita gehitzen du eta Borjari bidaltzen dio: "1001<b>1</b>" </p><p>Borjak "10011" jasotzen du. </p><p>Borjak paritatea baieztatzen du: 1+0+0+1=2. Beraz, paritate bita: '1'. </p><p>Borjak transmisioa baieztatzen du, emaitza bakoitia espero zuelako. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Beraz, paritatearen mekanismoari esker bit baten errorea detektatzea posible da. Zarata dela eta bit bat alderantzikatzen bada, jasotako datuen kopuru erroreduna egongo da. Aurreko adibidean, Borjak kalkulatzen duen paritate bita jasotako paritate bitarekin bat egiten du. Beraz, errorerik gabeko transmisioa egon dela baieztatzen da. Hurrengo adibidean errorea detektatuko da XOR erabiliz. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Paritate mota </th> <th>Transmisioa errorearekin </th></tr> <tr> <td>Paritate bikoitia <p>Errorea bigarren bitan </p> </td> <td>Txominek "1001" transmititu nahi du. <p>Txominek paritate bita kalkulatzen du:1<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oplus }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>⊕</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oplus }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b16e2bdaefee9eed86d866e6eba3ac47c710f60" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oplus }" /></span>0<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oplus }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>⊕</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oplus }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b16e2bdaefee9eed86d866e6eba3ac47c710f60" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oplus }" /></span>0<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oplus }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>⊕</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oplus }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b16e2bdaefee9eed86d866e6eba3ac47c710f60" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oplus }" /></span>1=0. Beraz paritate bita '0'. </p><p>Txominek paritate bita gehitzen du eta Borjari bidaltzen dio: "10010". </p><p><b>....TRANSMISIOAN ERROREA....</b> </p><p>Borjak "1<b>1</b>010" jasotzen du. </p><p>Borjak paritatea baieztatzen du: 1<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oplus }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>⊕</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oplus }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b16e2bdaefee9eed86d866e6eba3ac47c710f60" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oplus }" /></span>1<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oplus }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>⊕</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oplus }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b16e2bdaefee9eed86d866e6eba3ac47c710f60" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oplus }" /></span>0<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oplus }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>⊕</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oplus }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b16e2bdaefee9eed86d866e6eba3ac47c710f60" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oplus }" /></span>1<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oplus }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>⊕</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oplus }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8b16e2bdaefee9eed86d866e6eba3ac47c710f60" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oplus }" /></span>0= 1. Beraz paritate bita '1'. </p><p>Borjak transmisioan errorea egon dela daki, emaitza bikoitia espero zuelako. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erabilera">Erabilera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erabilera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Erabilera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paritate bitaren inplementazioa oso sinplea denez, nahiko erabilia da hainbat <a href="/wiki/Hardware" title="Hardware">hardwaretan</a>. Hortaz, arazorik gabe behin eta berriz bidali daitekeen inplementazioetan erabiltzen da. Adibidez, <a href="/w/index.php?title=PCI_bus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PCI bus (sortu gabe)">PCI busetan</a> erabiltzen da errore detekziorako. </p><p>7 biteko serie transmisioetan, normalean, paritate bita gehitzen da. Horrela, 8 biteko hitza sortzen da eta transmisio era hori ohikoena da.<br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paritatearen lehenengo erabilera 1951. urtean izan zen eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zinta_magnetiko_bidezko_datuen_bilketa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zinta magnetiko bidezko datuen bilketa (sortu gabe)">zinta magnetiko bidezko datuen bilketa</a> sistema batean egin zen. Sistema funtzionatu ahal izateko, <a href="/wiki/Seinale_digital" title="Seinale digital">seinale</a> paralelo ezberdinekin inplementatu zen. Hori dela eta, datuen bilketa hori <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeharkako_erredundantzia_baieztapena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeharkako erredundantzia baieztapena (sortu gabe)">zeharkako erredundantzia baieztapenaren</a> bidez gauzatzen zen. Gaur egun, paritatea <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luzerako_erredundantzia_baieztapena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luzerako erredundantzia baieztapena (sortu gabe)">luzerako erredundantzia baieztapena</a> sistema da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFZiemer,_Rodger_E.,">Ziemer, Rodger E.,. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/856647730"><i>Principles of communication : systems, modulation, and noise. </i></a> (Seventh edition. argitaraldia) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-118-07891-4" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-118-07891-4">978-1-118-07891-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=856647730">856647730</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-24)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13953095/what-is-the-difference-between-using-mark-space-parity-and-parity-none/44612613">«serial port - What is the difference between using mark/space parity and parity none?»</a> <i>Stack Overflow</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-24)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.faqs/ka13893.html">«ARM Information Center»</a> <i>infocenter.arm.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-24)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus_Gainera">Ikus Gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus Gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus Gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenbaki-sistema_bitar" title="Zenbaki-sistema bitar">Zenbaki-sistema bitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">Byte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektronika_digital" title="Elektronika digital">Elektronika digital</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paritate_bit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ocw.ehu.eus/pluginfile.php/2759/mod_page/content/1/5_gaia/5_11.pdf">Paritate-bit sortzailea eta paretasun-frogatzailea</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: martxoa 2021">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sarean.eus/zenbakikuntza-sistema-bitarra/">Zenbakikuntza-sistema bitarra</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style 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