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href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-宗教改革的先锋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教改革的先锋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>宗教改革的先锋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教改革的先锋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教改革的背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教改革的背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>宗教改革的背景</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-宗教改革的背景-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关宗教改革的背景子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-宗教改革的背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-原文聖經的發行" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原文聖經的發行"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>原文聖經的發行</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原文聖經的發行-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-印刷術的出現" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#印刷術的出現"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>印刷術的出現</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-印刷術的出現-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人文主義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人文主義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>人文主義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人文主義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教會的腐敗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教會的腐敗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>教會的腐敗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教會的腐敗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教與政治密切聯繫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教與政治密切聯繫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>宗教與政治密切聯繫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教與政治密切聯繫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工商業復興的影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工商業復興的影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>工商業復興的影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工商業復興的影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教改革的過程與重要人物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教改革的過程與重要人物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>宗教改革的過程與重要人物</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-宗教改革的過程與重要人物-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关宗教改革的過程與重要人物子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-宗教改革的過程與重要人物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-馬丁·路德" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#馬丁·路德"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>馬丁·路德</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-馬丁·路德-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-慈運理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#慈運理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>慈運理</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-慈運理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-加爾文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#加爾文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>加爾文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-加爾文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-亨利八世" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亨利八世"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>亨利八世</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-亨利八世-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教改革的意义" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教改革的意义"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>宗教改革的意义</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教改革的意义-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教改革的餘波" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教改革的餘波"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>宗教改革的餘波</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教改革的餘波-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">宗教改革</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。134种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantse_Hervorming" title="Protestantse Hervorming – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Protestantse Hervorming" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Reformation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_protestant" title="Reforma protestant – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Reforma protestant" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirice_Edniwung" title="Cirice Edniwung – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cirice Edniwung" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="धर्मसुधार आन्दोलन – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="धर्मसुधार आन्दोलन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="إصلاح بروتستانتي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إصلاح بروتستانتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%89" title="تعديل بروتيستانتى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تعديل بروتيستانتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_protestante" title="Reforma protestante – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reforma protestante" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Реформация – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Реформация" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformasiya" title="Reformasiya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Reformasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Реформация – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Реформация" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refuormac%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Refuormacėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Refuormacėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Рэфармацыя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэфармацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Рэфармацыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэфармацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Реформация – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Реформация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8" title="খ্রিস্টধর্মের প্রতিবাদপন্থী সংস্কার আন্দোলন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খ্রিস্টধর্মের প্রতিবাদপন্থী সংস্কার আন্দোলন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disivoud_protestant" title="Disivoud protestant – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Disivoud protestant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformacija" title="Reformacija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Reformacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Протестант шэнэшлэл – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Протестант шэнэшлэл" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_Protestant" title="Reforma Protestant – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reforma Protestant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Реформаци – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Реформаци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="چاکسازیی پرۆتیستانتی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چاکسازیی پرۆتیستانتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformace" title="Reformace – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Reformace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Diwygiad_Protestannaidd" title="Y Diwygiad Protestannaidd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Diwygiad Protestannaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformationen" title="Reformationen – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Reformationen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reformation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_(tarix)" title="Reform (tarix) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Reform (tarix)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%81%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7_(%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Μεταρρύθμιση (θρησκεία) – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεταρρύθμιση (θρησκεία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Reformation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformacio" title="Reformacio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reformacio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_protestante" title="Reforma protestante – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reforma protestante" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformatsioon" title="Reformatsioon – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Reformatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erreforma_protestantea" title="Erreforma protestantea – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erreforma protestantea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اصلاحات پروتستانی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اصلاحات پروتستانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskonpuhdistus" title="Uskonpuhdistus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uskonpuhdistus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformats%27uun" title="Reformats'uun – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Reformats'uun" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9forme_protestante" title="Réforme protestante – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réforme protestante" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riforme_Protestante" title="Riforme Protestante – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Riforme Protestante" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformaasje" title="Reformaasje – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Reformaasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Reifirm%C3%A9isean" title="An Reifirméisean – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Reifirméisean" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9form_protestant" title="Réform protestant – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Réform protestant" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_t-Ath-Leasachadh" title="An t-Ath-Leasachadh – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An t-Ath-Leasachadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_protestante" title="Reforma protestante – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reforma protestante" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91emyatyr%C3%B5_o%C3%B1emo%C4%A9va" title="Ñemyatyrõ oñemoĩva – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñemyatyrõ oñemoĩva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" title="Protestant Reformation – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Protestant Reformation" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-kau_K%C3%B3i-kiet" title="Chûng-kau Kói-kiet – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chûng-kau Kói-kiet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הרפורמציה הפרוטסטנטית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפורמציה הפרוטסטנטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="यूरोपीय धर्मसुधार – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूरोपीय धर्मसुधार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" title="Protestant Reformation – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Protestant Reformation" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformacija" title="Reformacija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Reformacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformacija" title="Reformacija – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Reformacija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Reformáció – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Reformáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ռեֆորմացիա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեֆորմացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_protestante" title="Reforma protestante – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Reforma protestante" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Reformasi Protestan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporma_ti_Protestante" title="Reporma ti Protestante – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Reporma ti Protestante" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestanta_reformo" title="Protestanta reformo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Protestanta reformo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B0askiptin" title="Siðaskiptin – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Siðaskiptin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riforma_protestante" title="Riforma protestante – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Riforma protestante" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宗教改革" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratistant_Refamieshan" title="Pratistant Refamieshan – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pratistant Refamieshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პროტესტანტული რეფორმაცია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პროტესტანტული რეფორმაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%A9%C9%A3y%C9%A9yaa_t%C9%9B_%C9%96an%CA%8A%CA%8A_c%C9%94l%CA%8A%CA%8A_yaa_l%C9%9B%C9%9Bz%C9%A9t%CA%8A_(R%C3%A9forme_protestante)" title="Pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ ɖanʊʊ cɔlʊʊ yaa lɛɛzɩtʊ (Réforme protestante) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɩɣyɩyaa tɛ ɖanʊʊ cɔlʊʊ yaa lɛɛzɩtʊ (Réforme protestante)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Реформация – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Реформация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90_%EA%B0%9C%ED%98%81" title="종교 개혁 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="종교 개혁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasfurvyans_Protestant" title="Dasfurvyans Protestant – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dasfurvyans Protestant" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Реформация – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Реформация" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformatio" title="Reformatio – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Reformatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_protestante" title="Reforma protestante – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Reforma protestante" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformatioun" title="Reformatioun – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Reformatioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformi_protestantiste" title="Reformi protestantiste – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Reformi protestantiste" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformatie" title="Reformatie – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Reformatie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riforma_protestante" title="Riforma protestante – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Riforma protestante" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformaziun" title="Reformaziun – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Reformaziun" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refurma_Prutestanta" title="Refurma Prutestanta – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Refurma Prutestanta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformacija" title="Reformacija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Reformacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform%C4%81cija" title="Reformācija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reformācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Реформациясь – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Реформациясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanavaozana_pr%C3%B4testanta" title="Fanavaozana prôtestanta – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanavaozana prôtestanta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Протестантска реформација – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Протестантска реформација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രൊട്ടസ്റ്റന്റ് നവീകരണം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രൊട്ടസ്റ്റന്റ് നവീകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%87%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Протестант шинэчлэл – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Протестант шинэчлэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE" title="प्रोटेस्टंट सुधारणा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रोटेस्टंट सुधारणा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformasi_Protestan" title="Reformasi Protestan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Reformasi Protestan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riforma_Protestanta" title="Riforma Protestanta – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Riforma Protestanta" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_Protestante" title="Reforma Protestante – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Reforma Protestante" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformatschoon" title="Reformatschoon – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Reformatschoon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformasie" title="Reformasie – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Reformasie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformatie" title="Reformatie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reformatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformasjonen" title="Reformasjonen – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Reformasjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformasjonen" title="Reformasjonen – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Reformasjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9forme_des_r%C3%A9criaunts" title="Réforme des récriaunts – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Réforme des récriaunts" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma" title="Reforma – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Reforma" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪ੍ਰੋਟੈਸਟੈਂਟ ਪੁਨਰਗਠਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰੋਟੈਸਟੈਂਟ ਪੁਨਰਗਠਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9forme_%C3%A0_ches_protestants" title="Réforme à ches protestants – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Réforme à ches protestants" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformacja" title="Reformacja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reformacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86%D9%B9_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="پروٹسٹنٹ ریفارمیشن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پروٹسٹنٹ ریفارمیشن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_Protestante" title="Reforma Protestante – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reforma Protestante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refurmaziun" title="Refurmaziun – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Refurmaziun" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_Protestant%C4%83" title="Reforma Protestantă – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reforma Protestantă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Реформация – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Реформация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Реформация – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Реформация" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Реформация – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Реформация" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riforma_prutistanti" title="Riforma prutistanti – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Riforma prutistanti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Reformation" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="تحريڪ اصلاح – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تحريڪ اصلاح" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformacija" title="Reformacija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Reformacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="ප්‍රොතෙස්තන්ත ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රොතෙස්තන්ත ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" title="Protestant Reformation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Protestant Reformation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform%C3%A1cia" title="Reformácia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Reformácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformacija" title="Reformacija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Reformacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformat_protestante" title="Reformat protestante – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Reformat protestante" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Протестантска реформација – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Протестантска реформација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Reformation" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformationen" title="Reformationen – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Reformationen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matengenezo_ya_Kiprotestanti" title="Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கிறித்தவச் சீர்திருத்த இயக்கம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிறித்தவச் சீர்திருத்த இயக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Ислоҳот – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ислоҳот" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9D%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="การปฏิรูปศาสนาฝ่ายโปรเตสแตนต์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การปฏิรูปศาสนาฝ่ายโปรเตสแตนต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformasi%C3%BDa" title="Reformasiýa – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Reformasiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repormang_Protestante" title="Repormang Protestante – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Repormang Protestante" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_(tarih)" title="Reform (tarih) – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Reform (tarih)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Реформація – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Реформація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86%D9%B9_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="پروٹسٹنٹ اصلاح کلیسیا – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پروٹسٹنٹ اصلاح کلیسیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformatsiya" title="Reformatsiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Reformatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforma_Protestante" title="Reforma Protestante – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Reforma Protestante" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A3i_c%C3%A1ch_t%C3%B4n_gi%C3%A1o" title="Cải cách tôn giáo – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cải cách tôn giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ref%C3%B4me_protestante" title="Refôme protestante – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Refôme protestante" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporma_Protestantehanon" title="Reporma Protestantehanon – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Reporma Protestantehanon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%93%E5%8F%8D%E8%A3%82%E6%95%99" title="誓反裂教 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="誓反裂教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პროტესტანტული რეფორმაცია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პროტესტანტული რეფორმაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="פראטעסטאנטישע רעפארמאציע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראטעסטאנטישע רעפארמאציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chong-k%C3%A0u_K%C3%A1i-kek" title="Chong-kàu Kái-kek – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chong-kàu Kái-kek" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="宗教改革" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12562#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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.ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="Talk:宗教改革">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2013年2月3日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a 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title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation" class="extiw" title="en:Reformation">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2021年10月12日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span 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nowraplinks" style="width:200px"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教改革</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:95Thesen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/95Thesen.jpg/131px-95Thesen.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/95Thesen.jpg/197px-95Thesen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/95Thesen.jpg/262px-95Thesen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新教历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Protestantism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新教历史（页面不存在）">先驱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Protestantism" class="extiw" title="en:History of Protestantism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Protestantism</span></a></span>）</span></span><hr /></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="瓦勒度派">瓦勒度派</a><small>（12世纪）</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E8%BE%B2%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="亞維農教廷">阿维尼翁教廷</a><small>（1309–77年）</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="约翰·威克里夫">约翰·威克里夫</a><small>（1320–84年）</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">天主教会大分裂</a><small>（1378–<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="康士坦斯大公会议">1417</a>年）</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">扬·胡斯</a><small>（约1369–1415年）</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="胡斯战争">胡斯战争</a><small>（1420–约1434年）</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="北方文藝復興">北方文藝復興</a><br /> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德意志神秘主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="German mysticism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德意志神秘主义（页面不存在）">德意志神秘主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_mysticism" class="extiw" title="en:German mysticism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">German mysticism</span></a></span>）</span></span><br /> </p> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7#引发宗教改革运动" title="馬丁·路德">宗教改革的开始</a><hr /></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%9D%A1%E8%AE%BA%E7%BA%B2" title="九十五条论纲">九十五条论纲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%86%9C%E6%B0%91%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="德意志农民战争">德意志农民战争</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BB%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="施馬爾卡爾登聯盟">施马尔卡尔登联盟</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地方法官改革" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Magisterial Reformation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地方法官改革（页面不存在）">地方法官</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magisterial_Reformation" class="extiw" title="en:Magisterial Reformation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Magisterial Reformation</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="激进派宗教改革" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Radical Reformation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%80%E8%BF%9B%E6%B4%BE%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="激进派宗教改革（页面不存在）">激进派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_Reformation" class="extiw" title="en:Radical Reformation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Radical Reformation</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a> </p> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教改革领袖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Protestant Reformers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E9%A2%86%E8%A2%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教改革领袖（页面不存在）">改革领袖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformers" class="extiw" title="en:Protestant Reformers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Protestant Reformers</span></a></span>）</span></span><hr /></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">路德</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%8C%E9%80%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="菲利普·梅兰希通">梅兰希通</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%97%B5%E9%87%87%E5%B0%94" title="托马斯·闵采尔">闵采尔</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E9%81%8B%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="慈運理">慈运理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E8%AF%BA%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%E6%96%AF" title="门诺·西蒙斯">西蒙斯</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%AD%96" title="马丁·布策">比塞</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8B%9E%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C" title="奧勞斯·彼得里">奥劳斯</a> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="劳伦丘斯·彼得里" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laurentius Petri"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E4%B8%98%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劳伦丘斯·彼得里（页面不存在）">劳伦丘斯·彼得里</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" class="extiw" title="en:Laurentius Petri"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laurentius Petri</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="路易·德·伯尔金" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Louis de Berquin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="路易·德·伯尔金（页面不存在）">伯尔金</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Berquin" class="extiw" title="en:Louis de Berquin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Louis de Berquin</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%93%C2%B7%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="讓·喀爾文">加尔文</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%AB%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="約翰·諾克斯">诺克斯</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="普里莫兹·特鲁巴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Primož Trubar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E8%8E%AB%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普里莫兹·特鲁巴（页面不存在）">特鲁巴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primo%C5%BE_Trubar" class="extiw" title="en:Primož Trubar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Primož Trubar</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5" title="雅各布斯·阿民念">阿民念</a> </p> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 分地区<hr /></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="胡斯派">捷克地区</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麦-挪威和荷尔斯泰因宗教改革" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reformation in Denmark-Norway and Holstein"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6-%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E5%92%8C%E8%8D%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%A0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦-挪威和荷尔斯泰因宗教改革（页面不存在）">丹麦–挪威 / 荷尔斯泰因</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation_in_Denmark-Norway_and_Holstein" class="extiw" title="en:Reformation in Denmark-Norway and Holstein"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reformation in Denmark-Norway and Holstein</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="英格兰宗教改革">英格兰</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2#新教改革" title="德国历史">德意志</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利宗教改革" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reformation in Italy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利宗教改革（页面不存在）">意大利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation_in_Italy" class="extiw" title="en:Reformation in Italy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reformation in Italy</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰宗教史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of religion in the Netherlands#Reformation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰宗教史（页面不存在）">尼德兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_religion_in_the_Netherlands#Reformation" class="extiw" title="en:History of religion in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of religion in the Netherlands#Reformation</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="波蘭宗教改革">波兰-立陶宛</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="蘇格蘭宗教改革">苏格兰</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="瑞典宗教">瑞典</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E6%A0%BC%E8%AF%BA%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="雨格诺派">法国</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑞士宗教改革" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reformation in Switzerland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞士宗教改革（页面不存在）">瑞士</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" class="extiw" title="en:Reformation in Switzerland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reformation in Switzerland</span></a></span>）</span></span> </p> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教改革</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style 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denominations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/85px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/128px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/170px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8#新教神學" title="基督教神學">神學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">歷史</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教改革</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="英國宗教改革">英國宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">加爾文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%85%88%E9%81%8B%E7%90%86" title="烏利希·慈運理">慈運理</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">教義</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E4%BF%A1%E7%A8%B1%E7%BE%A9" title="因信稱義">因信稱義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%AA%E5%94%AF%E7%8B%AC" title="五个唯独">五個唯獨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%86%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="信徒皆祭司">信徒皆祭司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE#洗禮信念" title="洗禮">洗禮觀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90%E7%A6%AE#信義宗：真實臨在說" title="聖餐禮">聖餐觀</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">宗派</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">路德宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">改革宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聖公會">聖公會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A" title="公理会">公理會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E7%A4%BC%E5%AE%97" title="浸礼宗">浸信會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E9%81%93%E5%AE%97" title="循道宗">衛理公會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E7%AF%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="五旬節運動">五旬運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%83" title="貴格會">貴格會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%9C%83" title="門諾會">門諾會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%97" title="再臨宗">再臨宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="瓦勒度派">瓦勒度福音教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="摩拉维亚弟兄会">摩拉維亞弟兄會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="普利茅斯弟兄会">普利茅斯弟兄會</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">跨宗派運動</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%BD%94%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="聖潔運動">聖潔運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%81%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="靈恩運動">靈恩運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9D%88%E6%81%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="新靈恩運動">新靈恩運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%BA%E9%86%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="大覺醒運動">大覺醒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="羅拉德派">羅拉德運動</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">神學思想</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="阿民念主義">阿民念主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="加爾文主義">加爾文主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E5%8E%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="復原主義">復原主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%94%E6%95%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="虔敬主義">虔敬主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="福音主義">福音主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B5%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="重浸派">重洗派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E6%A3%AE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="楊森主義">楊森主義</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;">相關發展</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86" title="新教伦理">新教倫理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%B5%81%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="主流新教">主流新教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="合一运动">合一運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-disambig" title="地下教會">地下教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="反基督教">反基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E8%89%B2%E4%BD%88%E9%81%93%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五色佈道法（页面不存在）">五色佈道法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="家庭教會">家庭教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="後期聖徒運動">後期聖徒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="非宗派教會">非宗派教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="清教徒">清教徒</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/15px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/23px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教主題</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="Template:新教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:新教（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:新教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:180px"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a><br /><span style="font-size:small;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Category:基督教"><b>系列條目</b></a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Christian_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/100px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/150px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/200px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" title="基督">基督</a></li></ul></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="基督教中的耶稣">基督教中的耶稣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F" title="耶稣诞生">降生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%8B%E5%B7%A5" title="耶稣的事工">事工</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8F%97%E9%9B%A3" title="耶穌受難">受难</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6" title="十字架">十字架</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB" title="耶稣复活">复活</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a></li> <li>基础</li></ul></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="旧约圣经">舊約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3)" title="福音 (耶稣)">福音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%B8" title="正典">正典</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣经书卷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Books of the Bible"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F%E4%B9%A6%E5%8D%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣经书卷（页面不存在）">书卷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_the_Bible" class="extiw" title="en:Books of the Bible"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Books of the Bible</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="教会">教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%B6%93" title="信經">信經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84" title="新約">新约 (概念)</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教神學">神学</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94" title="三位一體">三位一體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%88%B6" title="聖父">聖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%90" title="神子">聖子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88" title="聖靈">聖靈</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%BE%A8%E6%83%91%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教辨惑學">辨惑学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="洗禮">洗礼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AE%BA" title="基督论">基督论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基督教神学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Christian theology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教神學史">神学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" class="extiw" title="en:History of Christian theology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Christian theology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="基督教传教活动">传教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96" title="基督教救贖論">救赎</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教历史">历史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基督教传统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Christian tradition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教传统（页面不存在）">传统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_tradition" class="extiw" title="en:Christian tradition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Christian tradition</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E_(%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA)" title="馬利亞 (耶穌的母親)">马利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="使徒 (基督教)">使徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="彼得 (使徒)">彼得</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="保罗 (使徒)">保罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2)" title="教父 (基督教歷史)">教父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="早期基督教">早期基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">奥古斯丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">阿奎那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">亞維儂分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="约翰·威克里夫">威克里夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">揚胡斯</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">路德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">喀爾文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%85%88%E9%81%8B%E7%90%86" title="烏利希·慈運理">慈運理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="亨利八世">亨利八世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5" title="雅各布斯·阿民念">阿民念</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%B3%BB" title="基督教派系">派系</a></li><li>群组</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="西方基督教">西方基督教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">信義宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E9%81%93%E5%AE%97" title="循道宗">循道宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%97" title="再臨宗">再臨宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B5%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="重浸派">重浸宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%97" title="聖公宗">聖公宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E7%A4%BC%E5%AE%97" title="浸礼宗">浸礼宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="福音派">福音派</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%81%A9%E6%B4%BE" title="靈恩派">靈恩派</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%9F%BA%E8%A6%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基督教基要主义">基要派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%BD%94%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="聖潔運動">聖潔運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="解放神學">解放神學</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="東方基督教">東方基督教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="正教会">正教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東正教會">東正教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">東儀天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方正統教會">東方正統教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方亞述教會">東方亞述教會</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E6%B4%BE" title="非三位一體派">非三位一體派</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="後期聖徒運動">後期聖徒運動</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="独一神格五旬节派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oneness Pentecostal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%A0%BC%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E8%8A%82%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="独一神格五旬节派（页面不存在）">独一神格五旬节派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostal" class="extiw" title="en:Oneness Pentecostal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oneness Pentecostal</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title hlist" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;text-align:center;line-height:1.8em;height:1.8em;">相关专题</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="基督教藝術">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%86" title="教會年曆">节日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84" title="对基督教的批评">批评</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="普世教會合一運動">合一运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">禮拜儀式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="基督教音乐">音乐</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基督教与其他宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Christianity and other religions"><span class="ilh-page"><a 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decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">Portal:基督教</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Template:基督教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:基督教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:基督教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>宗教改革</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">Reformatio</span>，德語：<span lang="de">Reformation</span>）是指<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">天主教會</a>在16世纪至17世纪的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="教派分裂">教派分裂</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="改革">改革</a>運動，也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>形成的開端，主要由<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">馬丁·路德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="加爾文">加爾文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E9%81%8B%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="慈運理">慈運理</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="亨利八世">亨利八世</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="神學家">神學家</a>與政治領袖发起。1517年，路德发表的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%9D%A1%E8%AE%BA%E7%BA%B2" title="九十五条论纲">九十五条论纲</a>》引发了宗教改革的开始，即<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="德意志宗教改革">德意志宗教改革</a>。 </p><p>虽然先于路德就已经有一些较大的改革运动，早先批評天主教會的有識之士為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="約翰·威克里夫">約翰·威克里夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">扬·胡斯</a>等先驅，15世纪扬·胡斯创立的<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="摩拉维亚弟兄会">弟兄合一会</a>（或波西米亚弟兄会，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="德意志宗教改革">德意志宗教改革</a>之前），可說是新教的先驅。 </p><p>但大多数人认为宗教改革开始于1517年路德发表《九十五条论纲》，结束于1648年签订<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%99%BC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="西發里亞和約">西發里亚和约</a>结束<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="三十年戰爭">三十年戰爭</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>最大的新教教会是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">路德宗</a>（主要在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" class="mw-disambig" title="德意志">德意志</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="波罗的海国家">波罗的海地區</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%BA%B3%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="斯堪的纳维亚">斯堪的纳维亚</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">加尔文宗</a>（主要在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="苏格兰">苏格兰</a>）。除这两大陣營外，还有一些较小的改革團體存在。 </p><p>天主教會在<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%80%AB%E6%89%98%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="特倫托會議">特倫托會議</a>召開後发起了被後世稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a>」的自省運動，做為對宗教改革的回應及自省，而在這時期成立的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶穌會</a>更是此自省运动的先锋。一般而言，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="北欧">北欧</a>国家转为新教，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a>国家仍旧信仰天主教，教廷联合法國、西班牙及奥地利王室加以壓制新教徒，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a>则成为双方激烈冲突的场所，甚至升级为全面的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="三十年戰爭">宗教战争</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2012_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>改革者反对当时天主教會的教条、仪式、领导和<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="教会学">教会组织</a>结构。在他们的努力下，成立了新的国家性的改革派教會。早期的一些发生在欧洲的事件（如<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%AD%BB%E7%97%85" title="黑死病">黑死病</a>的蔓延和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">天主教會大分裂</a>）侵蚀了人们对天主教会和<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a>的信仰，但教義上的歧見才是引发宗教改革的關鍵。其他一些因素（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>思想的传播、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="古騰堡">古騰堡</a>發行的西方<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="活字印刷術">活字印刷術</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="东罗马帝国">东罗马帝国</a>的灭亡）也都促成了新教的创立。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教改革的先锋"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E6.94.B9.E9.9D.A9.E7.9A.84.E5.85.88.E9.94.8B"></span>宗教改革的先锋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：宗教改革的先锋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="罗拉德派">罗拉德派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%BE" title="胡斯派">胡斯派</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="瓦勒度派">瓦勒度派</a></div> <ul><li>教會歷史上重要的改革，簡言之，都主要是教義的改革而非制度的改革。更嚴謹的說，即便是制度改革，也多是奠基於教義改革的基礎上進行的。自初期之基督教會時的改革家就是<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B7%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="護教士">護教士</a>，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="游斯丁">游斯丁</a>（c.100-165）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%9C%9F%E8%89%AF" title="特土良">特土良</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E6%9B%BC%E7%89%B9_(%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%9F%8E)" title="克莱曼特 (亚历山大城)">革利免</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%A2%9D%E5%85%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%9D%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%B5" title="安條克的依納爵">伊納爵</a>（c.35-107）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A1%E6%97%85%E7%94%B2" title="坡旅甲">坡旅甲</a>（c.70-156）等。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新約聖經</a>的第一位編輯<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="馬克安">馬克安</a>，因將<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AB%96" title="二元論">二元論</a>融入<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="基督信仰">基督信仰</a>中，325年的第一次<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="尼西亚公会议">尼西亞公會議</a>，馬克安派被判為<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF" title="異端">異端</a>，而《聖經》的正典亦同時被確立。</li> <li>九世紀中葉，為要證明當時教宗所宣佈的主權是早在數世紀前就實行的假文獻“<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%9A%E7%88%BE%E6%95%99%E4%BB%A4%E9%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="偽西多爾教令集">偽西多爾教令集</a>”出現時，就有改革的呼聲，只是後來被鎮壓。十二世紀又有法國的<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="瓦勒度派">瓦勒度派</a>反對<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%BC%E7%8B%B1" title="炼狱">煉獄</a>說，強調<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92" title="平信徒">平信徒</a>可上台講道，教士的言論並非完全無誤等，聲勢相當浩大。雖遭到教宗視為<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF" title="異端">異端</a>，予以<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E9%96%80" class="mw-disambig" title="破門">破門</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%B7%E9%BB%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="罷黜">罷黜</a>，但他們至今仍然存在于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾卑斯山">阿爾卑斯山</a>山區，成為十二世紀前，反對羅馬教會的碩果。</li> <li>1376年英國的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E5%A4%9A%E5%80%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="盧多倭">盧多倭</a>教區長兼王室神學顧問<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="約翰·威克里夫">約翰·威克里夫</a>，眼見時任教宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="額我略十一世">格列高利十一世</a>生活奢靡，教會因爭競擺<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="拜金">拜金</a>而<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%85%90%E6%95%97" title="政治腐敗">腐敗</a>，便在<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5" title="牛津">牛津</a>公開指責教會的主決者。世俗事務由上帝派政府管理，教宗不應干涉。他獲得英國朝野的擁護，為免被教宗捉辦，繼續推動改革，1377年又宣稱<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>是信仰唯一根據，教會唯一律法。接著他將《聖經》譯成英格蘭地方語（1384年完成，1388年修訂），1440年左右<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="古騰堡">古騰堡</a>活字印刷才成熟商業化，那時英格蘭地方語只能是靠手抄寫，因而這部聖經的影響有侷限性。他又主張“平民主權”即教會應以平民信徒為中心，而非教宗；但可有一人遵照聖經總攬相關事務，否則便是<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B5%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="敵基督">敵基督</a>。並要二人一組出外傳道，但非終身職。英國<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%AD%BB%E7%97%85" title="黑死病">黑死病</a>流行時，他被保守派歸咎拿辦。他的追隨者被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="羅拉德派">羅拉德派</a>，後受英王<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)" title="亨利四世 (英格兰)">亨利四世</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)" title="亨利五世 (英格兰)">五世</a>摧毀殆盡，倖因<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="理查二世 (英格兰)">理查二世</a>娶<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A" title="波希米亚">波希米亞</a>公主而再傳入波希米亞。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">扬·胡斯</a>是波希米亞<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="布拉格查理大学">布拉格大學</a>校長兼任主教，因閱讀威克里夫的著作後深受感動，也開始作類似的言論，起初大受<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波希米亞">波希米亞</a>朝野讚賞，後因嚴詞指責出售<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%96%E7%BD%AA%E5%88%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="贖罪券">贖罪券</a>是違反聖經的可憎行為，在1409年比薩會議被教宗定罪，1414年赴<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="康士坦斯大公會議">康斯坦茨大公会议</a>後被拘留，次年七月六日被處以<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%88%91" title="火刑">火刑</a>，引起波希米亞反教廷的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="胡斯戰爭">胡斯戰爭</a>，一直到十五世紀才結束<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教改革的背景"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E6.94.B9.E9.9D.A9.E7.9A.84.E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>宗教改革的背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：宗教改革的背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宗教改革本來是一次思想的大變革，但也引發了社會、政治、軍事的大衝突，其出現與當時的許多背景因素有關係。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="原文聖經的發行"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E6.96.87.E8.81.96.E7.B6.93.E7.9A.84.E7.99.BC.E8.A1.8C"></span>原文聖經的發行</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：原文聖經的發行"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1453年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼帝国</a>滅亡<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭帝国">東羅馬帝國</a>，由<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD" title="拜占庭">拜占庭</a>逃亡到西歐的學者們帶來了大量的古代<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="经典">經典</a>，其中包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘文">希臘文</a>原文的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%B0%9F" title="德西德里乌斯·伊拉斯谟">伊拉斯谟</a>校訂出版了《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新約聖經</a>》的希臘文原文版。馬丁路德研究希臘文聖經，認識到聖經裡面講的是“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E4%BF%A1%E7%A8%B1%E7%BE%A9" title="因信稱義">因信稱義</a>”，而不是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁文</a>翻譯的“因信成義”，這對他是很大的觸動。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="印刷術的出現"><span id=".E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7.E8.A1.93.E7.9A.84.E5.87.BA.E7.8F.BE"></span>印刷術的出現</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：印刷術的出現"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" class="mw-disambig" title="德意志">德意志</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E8%85%BE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰内斯·古腾堡">古騰堡</a>對<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" title="活字印刷术">鉛活字版印刷</a>的發明帶來了資訊革命，推動了宗教改革的迅猛發展。宗教改革以前，聖經只能由聖職人員閱讀。一般信徒無法閱讀聖經，只能完全聽信各地神父對經典與教義的解釋。然而在1456年古騰堡在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E8%8C%B5%E8%8C%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美茵茨">美茵茲</a>的印刷廠印刷了一本拉丁文聖經，之後更多的人能夠自己閱讀聖經，自己思考，帶來對教會解釋的質疑。馬丁·路德等宗教改革者的文章通過印刷發行迅速傳遞到各地，宗教改革的思想迅速傳播<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。印刷術使政治、社會、宗教和科學的思想更快更廣地流通，大約在1500年，差不多有4萬種書在歐洲14個國家中發行，而德意志和意大利則佔三分之二。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人文主義"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E6.96.87.E4.B8.BB.E7.BE.A9"></span>人文主義</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：人文主義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在15世紀出現了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="人文主義">人文主義</a>的思想，重視教育，重視思考、研究，這對宗教改革和同時期的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興">文藝復興</a>運動都有很大的影響。當時的人文主義並沒有懷疑神的意思，但確實帶來了對教會傳統、對教會權柄的質疑。1524至1525年間，<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a>的人文思想家兼神學家伊拉斯莫斯，就人是否有<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" title="自由意志">自由意志</a>的議題與宗教改革領袖馬丁·路德展開激烈的論戰，從此劃分了基督教人文主義者與宗教改革者的界限。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>人文主義發展到後來對神產生懷疑，不過那要到<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="啟蒙時代">啟蒙主義</a>時期才漸顯端倪。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="教會的腐敗"><span id=".E6.95.99.E6.9C.83.E7.9A.84.E8.85.90.E6.95.97"></span>教會的腐敗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：教會的腐敗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中古世紀">中古世紀</a>的人民主要的心靈依靠幾乎只有宗教信仰，對於外在的教會禮規非常重視。隨著工商的發展，教會也坐擁龐大的教產，這樣的富裕使神職人員的道德鬆懈，教會中的醜聞不斷的發生。許多的高级神職人員的職位都是以金錢而不是道德換來的。有時教會為了紓解財政方面的負擔，經營酒店賭場，公然販賣贖罪券，並聲稱能以之贖回<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%89%E7%8D%84" class="mw-redirect" title="煉獄">煉獄</a>之刑。一些高级神職人員甚至捲入<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E9%86%9C%E8%81%9E" title="性醜聞">性醜聞</a>，其中教宗<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="教宗亞歷山大六世">亞歷山大六世</a>的私生活和其於1501年10月30日主持的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%97%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%B4%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="栗子宴會（页面不存在）">栗子宴會</a>可以算是性醜聞的代表事件。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>雖然義大利本土因為文藝復興時期的經濟蓬勃發展，以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E5%AE%9A" title="聖伯爾納定">聖伯爾納定</a>等教士的努力，並未對天主教義與教會產生太多的不滿，但是在義大利之外的地區，逐漸對代表義大利人勢力的天主教會高層產生不滿，特別是在1418年<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E5%84%82%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" class="mw-redirect" title="亞維儂分裂">亞維儂分裂</a>結束之後，更加深了這樣的情勢。這些腐敗引發了宗教改革運動者對教會權柄的質疑，腐敗帶來的許多社會矛盾遇上宗教改革的導火索就演變成社會運動和武裝衝突。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教與政治密切聯繫"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E8.88.87.E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E5.AF.86.E5.88.87.E8.81.AF.E7.B9.AB"></span>宗教與政治密切聯繫</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：宗教與政治密切聯繫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中世紀的宗教與政治密切聯繫。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬教會">羅馬教會</a>積極參與政治，<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="神聖羅馬皇帝">神聖羅馬皇帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%86%95" title="加冕">加冕</a>，派代表參加議會，親自推動<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a>，教會與政府在經濟上也有許多糾葛。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="世俗國家">世俗國家</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="王公">王公</a>們也很自然地也介入宗教的事務，他們建立<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2" title="修道院">修道院</a>，出兵支持十字軍。這種密切聯繫的後果是信仰的問題馬上演化成為政治問題，並進而產生軍事問題。宗教改革過程中，各級世俗政權紛紛表明立場，並且使用政治、外交、軍事的力量支持自己的立場，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="神聖羅馬皇帝">神聖羅馬皇帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="查理五世 (神圣罗马帝国)">查理五世</a>支持<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬教宗">羅馬教宗</a>，發布詔書<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%B7%9D" title="通緝">通緝</a>馬丁·路德；<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" class="mw-disambig" title="德意志">德意志</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE" title="萨克森">萨克森</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E5%B8%9D%E4%BE%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="選帝侯">選帝侯</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE)" title="弗里德里希三世 (萨克森)">腓特烈三世</a>（又稱<b>智者腓特烈</b>，同情<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>，但一生都信<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>）則是馬丁·路德最堅定的支持者，讓路德逃過<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%88%91" title="火刑">火刑架</a>；慈運理在<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%BB%8E%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇黎士">蘇黎士</a>成立<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="政教合一">政教合一</a>的新教政府，並親自戎裝上陣捍衛自己的信仰（最後不幸<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="戰死">戰死</a>）；<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="亨利八世">亨利八世</a>因為教宗不同意他<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%A9%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="離婚">離婚</a>，宣布脫離<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="羅馬教廷">羅馬教廷</a>而成立<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%97" title="聖公宗">聖公宗</a>，成為英國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99" title="國教">國教</a>，但為人務實的亨利，除了增加<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%9D%83" class="mw-disambig" title="王权">王權</a>以外，對<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%A2%9D" title="信條">信條</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%A2%9D" title="教條">教條</a>上的改革並不重視。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工商業復興的影響"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E5.95.86.E6.A5.AD.E5.BE.A9.E8.88.88.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>工商業復興的影響</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：工商業復興的影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中古世紀的歐洲大致分為<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="皇室">皇室</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E8%80%85" title="圣职者">教士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F" title="貴族">貴族</a>還有<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB" title="骑士">騎士</a>的上等階級，跟<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%A5%B4%E5%88%B6" title="農奴制">農奴</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%91" title="平民">平民</a>組成的下等階級。隨著工商業的復興創造出了一個新的階級──<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" title="中產階級">中產階級</a>，大多由平民商人所組成的中產階級發展出了完善的商業組織如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%9C%83" class="mw-disambig" title="行會">行會</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="銀行">銀行</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" title="中產階級">中產階級</a>主導的機構。但是民生問題也隨之而來，像<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E5%AF%8C%E5%B7%AE%E8%B7%9D" title="貧富差距">貧富差距</a>以及階級對立等等。人民除了要對政府納稅，<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="教會">教會</a>的各項聖禮，儀式等等也都要付費。這些社會的矛盾與信仰的矛盾混合在一起，引發社會運動和戰爭。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教改革的過程與重要人物"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E6.94.B9.E9.9D.A9.E7.9A.84.E9.81.8E.E7.A8.8B.E8.88.87.E9.87.8D.E8.A6.81.E4.BA.BA.E7.89.A9"></span>宗教改革的過程與重要人物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：宗教改革的過程與重要人物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="馬丁·路德"><span id=".E9.A6.AC.E4.B8.81.C2.B7.E8.B7.AF.E5.BE.B7"></span>馬丁·路德</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：馬丁·路德"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Martin_Luther_by_Cranach-restoration.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>馬丁·路德</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:95Thesen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/95Thesen.jpg/200px-95Thesen.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/95Thesen.jpg/300px-95Thesen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/95Thesen.jpg/400px-95Thesen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>九十五條論綱</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">馬丁·路德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%9D%A1%E8%AE%BA%E7%BA%B2" title="九十五条论纲">九十五條論綱</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="德意志宗教改革">德意志宗教改革</a></div> <p>馬丁·路德在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="埃尔福特大学">埃尔福特大学</a>獲文学碩士，又学了半年法律。接着入修道院<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C" title="苦行">苦行</a>，1507年獲立为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E7%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="司祭">司祭</a>。1512年獲<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%9B%B7-%E7%BB%B4%E6%BB%95%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈雷-维滕贝格大学">威登堡大學</a>神学院博士，随即教授《聖經》曾講授<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E7%AF%87" title="詩篇">詩篇</a>（1513~1515）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%B8" title="羅馬書">羅馬書</a>（1515~1516）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AA%E6%9B%B8" title="加拉太書">加拉太書</a>（1516~1517）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%9B%B8" title="希伯來書">希伯來書</a>（1517~1518）。他是德意志地區最早用德文对照<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84" title="新約">新</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="旧约">旧约</a>原文授課的教授之一。然而他繼續依然按照<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教法典">天主教法典</a>潛心苦修，結果，使他更加強烈的不能滿意於「新路」的觀點。但無論如何都不能得到内心的平安。直到有一天他在研讀《聖經》時，看到“義人必因信得生”<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>時，突然觉醒到原來人的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%97%E6%95%91" title="得救">得救</a>－只是因該人對耶穌基督的信仰以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">神</a>的恩賜，其他一切<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%84%E8%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="善行（页面不存在）">善行</a>都不能保證使人得以“稱義”。他这信念也在獲得同校一些教授的支持，加上親眼看到人們受骗購買贖罪券的情形，又耳聞教会<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3%E8%81%96%E8%81%B7" title="買賣聖職">買賣聖職</a>的醜事，他開始攻擊教會出售贖罪券的做法。1517年10月31日他將批判贖罪券的《九十五條論綱》，<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">張貼在威登堡大學的教堂門口。由于當天恰巧是重要節慶<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E8%81%96%E7%AF%80" title="諸聖節">諸聖節</a>前夕，使得很多人看到張貼的内容。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>當時<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="古騰堡">古騰堡</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="活字印刷術">活字印刷術</a>已經商業化超過兩個世代，因而印刷的文字兩週後傳遍全德意志；四週後各種譯文傳遍全西欧。1521年1月3日<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A7%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="利奧十世">利奧十世</a>终于下令將路德處以<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E9%96%80%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="破門律">破門律</a>，驅逐出教。其實，路德原本只希望改革教廷一部分腐敗的制度，既遭破門，即自行獨立建教，不再承認<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="教廷">教廷</a>，許多人隨路德起來開山立派，總稱為“更正教”或“新教”，與之相對的天主教则稱為舊教。他直接建立的教会是為“路德會”，又稱“信義宗”，並仍保留《聖經》中没有明文禁止的教会傳統。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="慈運理"><span id=".E6.85.88.E9.81.8B.E7.90.86"></span>慈運理</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：慈運理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E9%81%8B%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="慈運理">慈運理</a></div> <p>烏利希·慈運理生於<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%AF" title="维尔德豪斯">维尔德豪斯</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="巴塞尔">巴塞尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="伯恩">伯恩</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D" title="維也納">維也納</a>受教育。慈運理在維也納就讀大學，當時候的維也納大學正在推行<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="教育改革">教育改革</a>。當時在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="人文主义">人文主義</a>者采爾蒂斯等人的領導下，促使大學接受了人文主義者的改革。隨後，他又在巴賽爾大學內，深受人文主義的影響，強化了他對人文主義的立場。於瑞士東部接受區牧的職務，在1519年成為蘇黎士教會的牧師。慈氏精通各種語言，將無論是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯來文">希伯來文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘文">希臘文</a>或是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>等聖典，翻譯成蘇黎士的當地語言，後來，蘇黎士市議會決定了聖經改革方案，成為官方政策。在1525年<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%BB%8E%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇黎士">蘇黎士</a>市議會廢止<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E6%92%92" class="mw-redirect" title="彌撒">彌撒</a>，改由慈運理的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90" class="mw-redirect" title="聖餐">聖餐</a>版本替代。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>改教的主題是教會內道德的重整，他開始攻擊贖罪券，且是有計劃性的攻擊。在聖禮上他更有自己的主張：聖餐是一項紀念<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="耶穌基督">耶穌基督</a>的儀式，僅是象徵性；基督不在<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90" class="mw-redirect" title="聖餐">聖餐</a>之中。這點與路德有很大的不同，致使慈運理於1529年在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬爾堡會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marburg Colloquy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%A0%A1%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬爾堡會議（页面不存在）">馬爾堡會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marburg_Colloquy" class="extiw" title="en:Marburg Colloquy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marburg Colloquy</span></a></span>）</span></span>中與信義宗分道揚鑣，於是各宗派再度分裂一次。在慈運理受<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%B0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="伊拉斯谟">伊拉斯谟</a>的人文主義影響，積極參與蘇黎士這個城市的宗教改革，<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>由於在瑞士是聯邦體系，是由一個又一個城市所組成的，而蘇黎士又是其中最有影響力的城市，所以慈運理認為從此城開始，若成功，則改革將會如火如荼地展開。同時由於慈運理採較寬容的態度，使得許多蘇黎士人民紛紛響應，在慈運理帶領之下逐漸脫離了羅馬公教的管轄。但就在1531年慈運理作為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E5%86%9B%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="随军牧师">隨軍牧師</a>，在一場戰役中陣亡，雖由他的助理起而代之，但整個改革運動就逐漸轉移至瑞士的另一個城市日內瓦。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>雖然慈運理已殞命，不過他的學說在東瑞士甚至奧地利，仍具有相當的影響力。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>慈運理所留下的神學思想、禮儀還有教會制度，至今仍影響著許多<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>教會，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B4%97%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="重洗派">重洗派</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="加爾文"><span id=".E5.8A.A0.E7.88.BE.E6.96.87"></span>加爾文</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：加爾文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <table class="infobox" style="text-align:left; font-size: 85%; width: 180px; line-height:1.4em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size: 140%; padding: 6px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="加爾文主義">加爾文主義</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calvin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Calvin.png/130px-Calvin.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Calvin.png/195px-Calvin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Calvin.png/260px-Calvin.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">约翰·加尔文</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="border: 1px solid #D3D3D3"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #E6E6FA; padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 8px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3">背景 </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">希波的奥古斯丁</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">喀爾文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%AA%E5%94%AF%E7%8B%AC" title="五个唯独">五个唯独</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="多特會議">多特会议</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="border: 1px solid #D3D3D3"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #E6E6FA; padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 8px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3">教条 </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E9%A0%90%E5%AE%9A%E8%AB%96" title="喀爾文主義預定論">预定论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9#加尔文主义五要点" title="加爾文主義">五要点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="加爾文主義">聖約神學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%AC%E6%8B%9C%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%80%A7%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="敬拜的规范性原则（页面不存在）">敬拜的规范性原则</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="border: 1px solid #D3D3D3"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #E6E6FA; padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 8px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3">文献 </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%A6%81%E4%B9%89" title="基督教要义">基督教要义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%92%E6%AD%A3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="归正信仰宣言（页面不存在）">归正信仰宣言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%85%E7%93%A6%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="日内瓦圣经">日内瓦圣经</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="border: 1px solid #D3D3D3"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #E6E6FA; padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 8px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3">影响 </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%89%8E" title="泰奥多尔·贝扎">泰奥多尔·贝扎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%AB%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="約翰·諾克斯">約翰·諾克斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%85%88%E9%81%8B%E7%90%86" title="烏利希·慈運理">烏利希·慈運理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E7%B4%8D%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%E8%8C%B2" title="喬納森·愛德華茲">喬納森·愛德華茲</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普林斯顿神学（页面不存在）">普林斯顿神学</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="border: 1px solid #D3D3D3"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #E6E6FA; padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 8px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3">教会 </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E5%AE%97" title="長老宗">長老宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A" title="公理会">公理会</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%92%E6%AD%A3%E6%B5%B8%E4%BF%A1%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="归正浸信会（页面不存在）">归正浸信会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E6%B4%BE%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="低派教会">低派教会</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="border: 1px solid #D3D3D3"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #E6E6FA; padding-right: 4px; padding-left: 8px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3">人物 </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%9D%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿非利卡加尔文主义（页面不存在）">阿非利卡加尔文主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%A0%BC%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE" title="胡格諾派">胡格諾派</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91%E5%85%88%E9%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清教移民先驱（页面不存在）">清教移民先驱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="清教徒">清教徒</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏格兰宗教（页面不存在）">苏格兰宗教</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Portal:加尔文主义">主题</a></b> </td> <td align="right" style="padding-right: 4px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Template:加尔文主义"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Template talk:加尔文主义"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:加尔文主义"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="喀爾文">喀爾文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%90%E9%81%B8%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="預選說">預選說</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="约翰·加尔文">約翰·加爾文</a>生於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%85%B9%E7%9C%81" title="瓦兹省">瓦茲</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="巴黎大學">巴黎大學</a>研究<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="神學">神學</a>三年，後又學習法律，成為一位<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E5%B8%AB" title="律師">律師</a>。1536年，他出版《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%A6%81%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="基督教要義">基督教要義</a>》一書，随即到<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%85%E7%93%A6" title="日内瓦">日内瓦</a>。但他的改革教會提案未被接纳，且被驅逐出境。經數年潛心研究，1541年他再返日内瓦，得到歡迎，並治理當地教會二十三年，日内瓦被稱為「新教的羅馬」，而加爾文則被稱為「新教的教皇」。加爾文主張<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%90%E9%81%B8%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="預選說">預選說</a>：人得救與否完全是神所預定的，但又不願讓信眾沈淪於<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BF%E5%91%BD%E8%AE%BA" title="宿命论">宿命論</a>，因此某種程度上仍要做出一些行動，故認為最好的方式就是每一個人都應該要對自己負責，他認為虔誠的信仰與完美的德行是每一個將要得救的基督徒的義務，既然審判日需要等待，此間他們應該在世間努力工作以榮神益人。加爾文的工作為上教義，受到許多工商業者歡迎，成為新教主流，並影響了<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="資本主義">資本主義</a>的發展。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="加尔文派">加爾文派</a>或稱<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a>，其中有<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%A0%BC%E8%AB%BE%E6%B4%BE" title="胡格諾派">胡格諾派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="長老會">長老會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A" title="公理会">公理會</a>等各個教會，以長老會的發展最為蓬勃。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="亨利八世"><span id=".E4.BA.A8.E5.88.A9.E5.85.AB.E4.B8.96"></span>亨利八世</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：亨利八世"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="亨利八世">亨利八世</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="英格兰宗教改革">英格蘭宗教改革</a></div> <p>英國國王<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="亨利八世">亨利八世</a>早期堅定支持天主教，自稱「信仰的捍衛者」，反對馬丁·路德等神學家推行的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>，後為要與王后<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%87%AF%E7%91%9F%E7%90%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉贡的凯瑟琳">凱瑟琳</a>向宗座請求伯多祿特恩即婚姻無效「並非離婚」，因為當時政治關係受拒於<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%89%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96" title="克勉七世">克勉七世</a>，因此1534年開始揭開反天主教的大纛，並使<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="英國國會">英國國會</a>通過“<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E5%B0%8A%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="至尊法案">至尊法案</a>”，宣佈創立<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="英格蘭教會">英國國教會</a>，與天主教的教義和儀式幾乎一模一樣，并無二致，只是英國國王代替教宗成為宗派的領導人。直到其子<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="爱德华六世">爱德华六世</a>即位後，在薩默塞特公爵<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%9A%E9%A2%86%E4%B8%BB%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E6%91%A9" title="博尚领主爱德华·西摩">愛德華·西摩</a>的攝政下，聖公會開始正式改革教義與禮儀，包括頒行《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%A2%9D%E4%BF%A1%E7%B6%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四十二條信經（页面不存在）">四十二條信經</a>》和《愛德華六世<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%A6%B1%E6%9B%B8" title="公禱書">公禱書</a>》，並因受到清教徒的影響，現在教義介於天主教與歸正宗之間。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教改革的意义"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E6.94.B9.E9.9D.A9.E7.9A.84.E6.84.8F.E4.B9.89"></span>宗教改革的意义</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：宗教改革的意义"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在宗教改革之前，天主教会不仅控制了普通民众的思想，还高高凌驾于世俗君权之上。宗教改革打破了天主教会的獨大局面，衍生了许多不同的新教教派，并和不同民族的国家相结合，使各个王国迅速发展壮大。例如，英国的圣公会的建立使英国的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="民族国家">民族国家</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%93%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="君主专制">君主专制</a>得到强化，为后来的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="英国内战">英国內戰</a>奠定了社会基础。欧洲的各个国家也因为各自的宗教信仰而加强了民众的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="民族意識">民族意识</a>和国家的精神凝聚力。 </p><p>虽然宗教改革派进行改革的初衷只是反对天主教会，而脫離<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="教廷">教廷</a>的新教國家成立新的國教，以同樣的手段去打壓甚至殺害天主教徒。但是这场改革无形中给欧洲带来了自由、宽容的新气息，从最初对不同信仰的包容到后来对不同政见的包容，这场宗教改革促进了欧洲政治、经济等方面的进步。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>後來的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="美國獨立戰爭">美國獨立戰爭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命">法國大革命</a>後引申的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E9%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="政教分離">政教分離</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="自由主義">自由主義</a>也是受宗教改革的影響。 </p><p>宗教改革同時是標誌了東西方基督教間力量平衡的改變，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="西方基督教">西方基督教</a>成為改革對象時，也對受<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="東方基督教">東正教</a>影響的傳統臨近地區產生翻轉效應，成為時代早期播撒文明和引導開化的目標，透過接收來自改革後的基督教和印刷本，是標誌這些地方的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>終結以及近代早期的開始<sup id="cite_ref-:重建_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:重建-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教改革的餘波"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E6.94.B9.E9.9D.A9.E7.9A.84.E9.A4.98.E6.B3.A2"></span>宗教改革的餘波</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：宗教改革的餘波"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>天主教的革新——<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a>。</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="宗教战争">宗教戰爭</a> – 歐洲各宗教改革運動歷經許多流血戰事，如1610年<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%A2%E5%90%9B%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="賢君亨利">亨利四世</a>遇刺駕崩，法國再度内戰，新教信徒大量逃亡。1618年德國路德派因不滿《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" title="奧格斯堡和約">奧格斯堡和約</a>》被毁，由<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="瑞典國王">瑞典國王</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="古斯塔夫二世">古斯塔夫二世</a>領導，與國内<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>信徒交戰了三十年，亦即<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="三十年戰爭">三十年戰爭</a>。直到1648年簽訂《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="西伐利亞和約">西伐利亞和約</a>》，雙方才和平相處。又如1568年荷蘭北部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="加尔文派">加爾文派</a>信徒因反舊教與其統治者西班牙國王<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99)" title="腓力二世 (西班牙)">腓力二世</a>的鎮壓，爆發了北方省反抗西班牙的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="八十年戰爭">八十年戰爭</a>，直到1648年才與西班牙國王<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99)" title="腓力四世 (西班牙)">菲利普四世</a>簽訂《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" title="明斯特和約">明斯特和約</a>》，終獲獨立建國與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="宗教自由">信仰自由</a>。各國的宗教戰爭中，常夾雜經濟和政治利益等的爭執。從十六世紀中期到十九世紀中期的逾三百年戰爭，歐洲人口大量减少，經濟衰退，直到1815年<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="維也納會議">維也納會議</a>，各國終於逐漸地體認久戰俱傷的教訓，才開始採取宗教寬容政策。</li> <li>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="英格兰宗教改革">英格蘭宗教改革</a>後的英國國教，還带着不少羅馬公教色彩，許多受加爾文派影響的英國<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92" title="清教徒">清教徒</a>），想再加以改革，使成更合乎《聖經》的信仰，卻受到欲恢復舊教的國王<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD)" title="查理一世 (英格蘭)">查理一世</a>迫害。於是許多人逃至北美洲<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="新大陸">新大陸</a>，即後來獨立的美國，並爆發1640年-1649年的内戰，史稱“<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="英國內戰">清教徒改革</a>”。清教徒獲勝後，新教團體獲相當自由的發展，直到1685年新國王詹姆士二世又想恢復舊教及專制政治。再經1688年没有流血的“<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%8D%A3%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="光荣革命">光榮革命</a>”，終於使英國此年成為歐洲第一個保障新教和天主教信仰自由的國家，即使<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="英國聖公會">英國聖公會</a>至今仍具國教的地位，英國君主仍是英國聖公會的首長。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECameron2012-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2012_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECameron2012_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCameron2012">Cameron 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">祁伯爾，《歷史的軌跡──二千年教會史》，李林靜芝譯（台北：校園出版社，1986），175-177。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">麥格夫. 《宗教改革運動思潮》. 由蔡錦圖等翻译. 香港: 基道出版社. 2006: 19–20页 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（繁體）网页">（中文（繁體））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&rft.au=%E9%BA%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%AB&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%80%9D%E6%BD%AE%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=19-20%E9%A1%B5&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E5%9F%BA%E9%81%93%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">林鴻信，基督宗教思想史(下)，(台北，國立臺灣大學出版中心，2014)，385-386頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://culture.edu.tw/history/smenu_photomenu.php?smenuid=1705&s_level=&subjectid=3246">教會內部的腐化</a>. 中古歐洲的基督教會與教士. 中華民國教育部歷史文化學習網. 2004~2012 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [201303]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&rft.atitle=%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%85%A7%E9%83%A8%E7%9A%84%E8%85%90%E5%8C%96&rft.chron=2004~2012&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%88%87%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fculture.edu.tw%2Fhistory%2Fsmenu_photomenu.php%3Fsmenuid%3D1705%26s_level%3D%26subjectid%3D3246&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=, |date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2017年12月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%BA%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="與羅馬人書">與羅馬人書</a>》1：17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cortright, Charles L. (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wlsessays.net/files/CortrightLiturgical.pdf"><i>Key Words in Lutheran Liturgical Worship</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150909075347/http://www.wlsessays.net/files/CortrightLiturgical.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, p3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tiefel, James P. (1990), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://connect.wels.net/AOM/ps/worship/Valuable%20Worship%20Reading/But%20Isn't%20That%20Catholic-Tiefel.rtf">But isn't that Catholic</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160304113934/https://connect.wels.net/AOM/ps/worship/Valuable%20Worship%20Reading/But%20Isn't%20That%20Catholic-Tiefel.rtf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">麥格夫. 《宗教改革運動思潮》. 蔡錦圖等譯. 香港: 基道出版社. 2006: 126–129页.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&rft.au=%E9%BA%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%AB&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%80%9D%E6%BD%AE%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=126-129%E9%A1%B5&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E5%9F%BA%E9%81%93%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">盧龍光等. 《基督教聖經與神學詞典》. 香港: 香港漢語聖經協會有限公司. 2003: 561页.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&rft.au=%E7%9B%A7%E9%BE%8D%E5%85%89%E7%AD%89&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E8%88%87%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=561%E9%A1%B5&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">李振群. 《透視2000－宗教改革與近代教會（卷三）》. 馬來西亞: 協傳培訓中心. 1999: 51页.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E6%8C%AF%E7%BE%A4&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E9%80%8F%E8%A6%962000%EF%BC%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E8%88%87%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%EF%BC%88%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%89%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=51%E9%A1%B5&rft.place=%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E&rft.pub=%E5%8D%94%E5%82%B3%E5%9F%B9%E8%A8%93%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">郝伯爾，李林靜芝. 《歷史的軌跡—二千年教會史》. 台北: 校園書房出版社. 1986: 226–228页.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&rft.au=%E9%83%9D%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE%EF%BC%8C%E6%9D%8E%E6%9E%97%E9%9D%9C%E8%8A%9D&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E8%BB%8C%E8%B7%A1%E2%80%94%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=226-228%E9%A1%B5&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97&rft.pub=%E6%A0%A1%E5%9C%92%E6%9B%B8%E6%88%BF%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">麥葛福著. 《基督教神學手冊》. 劉良淑、王瑞琦譯. 台北: 校園書房出版社. 1998: 84页.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&rft.au=%E9%BA%A5%E8%91%9B%E7%A6%8F%E8%91%97&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=84%E9%A1%B5&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97&rft.pub=%E6%A0%A1%E5%9C%92%E6%9B%B8%E6%88%BF%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">赵林. 《在上帝与牛顿之间》. 北京: 东方出版社. 2007: 83–84页. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5060-2771-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5060-2771-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-5060-2771-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&rft.au=%E8%B5%B5%E6%9E%97&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E4%B8%8E%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5060-2771-7&rft.pages=83-84%E9%A1%B5&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:重建-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:重建_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">斯奈德, 蒂莫西(美). 民族的重建：波蘭、烏克蘭、立陶宛、白俄羅斯，1569—1999. 南京: 南京大學出版社. 2020. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787305221644" title="Special:网络书源/9787305221644"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787305221644</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&rft.aufirst=%E8%92%82%E8%8E%AB%E8%A5%BF%28%E7%BE%8E%29&rft.aulast=%E6%96%AF%E5%A5%88%E5%BE%B7&rft.btitle=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%EF%BC%9A%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E3%80%81%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E3%80%81%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E3%80%81%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%8C1569%E2%80%941999&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787305221644&rft.place=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>书籍</dt></dl> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCameron2012" class="citation book">Cameron, Euan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220608055206/https://www.amazon.com/The-European-Reformation-ebook/dp/B004EYSIQQ/ref=harv">The European Reformation</a> 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. 2012 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-11-20</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0198730934" title="Special:网络书源/0198730934"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0198730934</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/The-European-Reformation-ebook/dp/B004EYSIQQ/ref=harv">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&rft.aufirst=Euan&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.btitle=The+European+Reformation&rft.date=2012&rft.edition=2nd+ed.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0198730934&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FThe-European-Reformation-ebook%2Fdp%2FB004EYSIQQ%2Fref%3Dharv&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></li> <li>Encyclopedia Britannica, s.v. <i>History of Europe</i>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Reformation" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Reformation"><span style="font-weight:bold;">宗教改革</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.hanover.edu/early/prot.html">Internet Archive of Related Texts and Documents</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100102044057/http://history.hanover.edu/early/prot.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tyndale.ca/seminary/mtsmodular/reading-rooms/history/16th-century">16th Century Reformation Reading Room</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140407080149/http://www.tyndale.ca/seminary/mtsmodular/reading-rooms/history/16th-century">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）: Extensive online resources, Tyndale Seminary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/coll/195.html">The Reformation Collection</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140407071848/http://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/coll/195.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） at the Library of Congress</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Europe_green_light.png/32px-Europe_green_light.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Europe_green_light.png/48px-Europe_green_light.png 1.5x, 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dir="auto">Confessionalization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教改革全集" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Corpus Reformatorum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%85%A8%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教改革全集（页面不存在）">宗教改革全集</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_Reformatorum" class="extiw" title="en:Corpus Reformatorum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Corpus Reformatorum</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="歐洲宗教戰爭">歐洲宗教戰爭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="主起來吧" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Exsurge Domine"><span class="ilh-page"><a 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Grace theology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%93%C2%B7%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="讓·喀爾文">讓·喀爾文</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%A6%81%E4%B9%89" title="基督教要义">基督教要义</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%AC%A1%E5%8B%92" title="若望·特次勒">若望·特次勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E9%BD%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="伊利里库斯·弗拉齐乌斯">伊利里库斯·弗拉齐乌斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E8%AF%BA%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%E6%96%AF" title="门诺·西蒙斯">门诺·西蒙斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%97%B5%E9%87%87%E5%B0%94" title="托马斯·闵采尔">托马斯·闵采尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E9%9A%A8%E5%90%9B%E5%AE%9A" title="教隨君定">教隨君定</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style 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title="Template:基督教页脚"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Template talk:基督教页脚"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%A1%B5%E8%84%9A" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:基督教页脚"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="基督教系列条目" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>系列条目</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣基督</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" title="基督">基督（概念）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="基督教中的耶稣">基督（教义）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F" title="耶稣诞生">诞生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8F%97%E9%9B%A3" title="耶穌受難">受难</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB" title="耶稣复活">复活</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9" title="耶穌升天">升天</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Christian_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/100px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/150px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Golden_Christian_Cross.svg/200px-Golden_Christian_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基础</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="基督教會">教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%B6%93" title="信經">信經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%A6" title="四福音书">四福音书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%AA%A1" title="十誡">十誡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%B8" title="正典">正典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="旧约圣经">旧约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新约</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教神學">神学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">神（天主、上帝）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94" title="三位一體">三位一體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%88%B6" title="聖父">聖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%AD%90" title="聖子">聖子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88" title="聖靈">聖靈</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%BE%A8%E6%83%91%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教辨惑學">护教学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="洗禮">洗禮</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E5%85%92%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="幼兒洗禮">婴儿</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AE%BA" title="基督论">基督论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="教会学">教会学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="大公教會">大公教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Christian theology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神学史（页面不存在）">神学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" class="extiw" title="en:History of Christian theology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Christian theology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="基督教传教活动">传教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%96%E7%BD%AA" title="贖罪">救赎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教历史">历史</a>与<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教会传统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Christian tradition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教会传统（页面不存在）">教会传统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_tradition" class="extiw" title="en:Christian tradition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Christian tradition</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E_(%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA)" title="馬利亞 (耶穌的母親)">圣母玛利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%8B%A5%E7%91%9F" title="聖若瑟">聖若瑟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="使徒 (基督教)">十二使徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="保罗 (使徒)">圣保罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2)" title="教父 (基督教歷史)">教父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E7%B5%B1%E7%B7%92" title="使徒統緒">使徒統緒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5" title="教會四特徵">教會四特徵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%A7%E9%A6%96%E5%8D%80" title="五大牧首區">五大牧首區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="早期基督教">早期教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="基督教传播年表">传播年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">希波的奥古斯丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">托马斯·阿奎那</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%B5%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E8%80%80%E6%8B%89" title="依納爵·羅耀拉">依納爵·羅耀拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">馬丁·路德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%93%C2%B7%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="讓·喀爾文">讓·喀爾文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="俄罗斯正教会的教派分裂">俄罗斯正教会的教派分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%BA%E9%86%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="大覺醒運動">大覺醒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="普世教會合一運動">普世教會合一運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E7%99%BC%E8%AA%B2%E7%A8%8B" title="啟發課程">啟發課程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%B4%BE" title="卡特里派">卡特里派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)" title="亨利四世 (法兰西)">亨利四世</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%B3%BB" title="基督教派系">宗派與運動</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="基督教教派列表">列表</a>）</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">公教會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">罗马天主教會</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">東儀天主教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="獨立天主教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Independent Catholic churches"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="獨立天主教會（页面不存在）">獨立天主教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Catholic_churches" class="extiw" title="en:Independent Catholic churches"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Independent Catholic churches</span></a></span>）</span></span>* <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="帕爾馬爾天主教教會">帕爾馬爾天主教會</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="舊天主教會">舊天主教會</a>*</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BA%87%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96%E5%8F%B8%E9%93%8E%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E4%BC%9A" title="圣庇护十世司铎兄弟会">圣庇护十世司铎兄弟会</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="中国天主教爱国会">中国天主教爱国会</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東正教會">東正教會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="希臘正教會">希臘正教會</a>（君士坦丁堡牧首区、亚历山大牧首区、安提阿牧首区、耶路撒冷牧首区）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯正教會">俄羅斯正教會</a>（莫斯科牧首区）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="喬治亞正教會">格鲁吉亚正教會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="塞爾維亞正教會">塞尔维亚正教會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="罗马尼亚正教会">罗马尼亚正教會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="保加利亞正教會">保加利亚正教會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西仪东正教会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Western Rite Orthodoxy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E4%BB%AA%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西仪东正教会（页面不存在）">西仪东正教会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" class="extiw" title="en:Western Rite Orthodoxy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Western Rite Orthodoxy</span></a></span>）</span></span>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA%E6%B4%BE" title="旧礼仪派">旧礼仪派</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方正統教會">東方正統教會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="亞歷山大科普特正教會">亞歷山大科普特正教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="敘利亞東方正統教會">敘利亞東方正統教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="亞美尼亞使徒教會">亞美尼亞使徒教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E6%80%A7%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="埃塞俄比亞正統合性教會">埃塞俄比亞正統台瓦西多教會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="厄利垂亞正統台瓦西多教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%B0%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="厄立特里亚正统台瓦西多教会">厄利垂亞正統台瓦西多教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrean_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣多馬教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Saint Thomas Christians"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣多馬教會（页面不存在）">圣多馬教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" class="extiw" title="en:Saint Thomas Christians"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Saint Thomas Christians</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑪蘭卡正統敘利亞教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪蘭卡正統敘利亞教會（页面不存在）">瑪蘭卡正統敘利亞教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅各敘利亞基督教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅各敘利亞基督教會（页面不存在）">雅各敘利亞基督教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑪拉巴獨立敘利亞教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malabar Independent Syrian Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪拉巴獨立敘利亞教會（页面不存在）">瑪拉巴獨立敘利亞教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_Independent_Syrian_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Malabar Independent Syrian Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malabar Independent Syrian Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方教會">東方教會</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%95%99" title="景教">景教</a>）</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方亞述教會">東方亞述教會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="東方古代教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Church of the East"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東方古代教會（页面不存在）">東方古代教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Church of the East"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Church of the East</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%AE%97" title="信義宗">信義宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="加爾文主義">加爾文主義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E5%AE%97" title="長老宗">長老宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A" title="公理会">公理会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%97" title="聖公宗">聖公宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B5%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="重浸派">重浸宗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E6%9C%83" title="門諾會">門諾會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E4%BB%80%E4%BA%BA" title="阿米什人">亚米胥派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E6%B4%BE" title="胡特尔派">胡特尔派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E7%A4%BC%E5%AE%97" title="浸礼宗">浸礼宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E9%81%93%E5%AE%97" title="循道宗">循道宗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="阿民念主義">阿民念主義</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="衛斯理主義">衛斯理主義</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%91%E4%B8%96%E8%BB%8D" title="救世軍">救世軍</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E6%92%92%E5%8B%92%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%83" title="拿撒勒人會">拿撒勒人會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%BD%94%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="聖潔運動">聖潔運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E7%AF%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="五旬節運動">五旬節運動</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%A9%E8%87%A8%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%83" title="基督復臨安息日會">基督復臨安息日會</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="真耶穌教會">真耶穌教會</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="普利茅斯弟兄会">普利茅斯弟兄会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E4%BC%9A" title="摩拉维亚弟兄会">摩拉维亚弟兄会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%83" title="貴格會">貴格會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%AE%A3%E9%81%93%E6%9C%83" title="基督教宣道會">宣道會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="地方教会">地方教会</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83" title="召會">召會</a>*</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞述福音教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Assyrian Evangelical Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞述福音教會（页面不存在）">亞述福音教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_Evangelical_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Assyrian Evangelical Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Assyrian Evangelical Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞述五旬節教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Assyrian Pentecostal Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E7%AF%80%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞述五旬節教會（页面不存在）">亞述五旬節教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_Pentecostal_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Assyrian Pentecostal Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Assyrian Pentecostal Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣多馬教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Saint Thomas Christians"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣多馬教會（页面不存在）">圣多馬教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" class="extiw" title="en:Saint Thomas Christians"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Saint Thomas Christians</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑪多馬敘利亞教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪多馬敘利亞教會（页面不存在）">瑪多馬敘利亞教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Mar Thoma Syrian Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mar Thoma Syrian Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣多馬福音教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣多馬福音教會（页面不存在）">圣多馬福音教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church" class="extiw" title="en:St. Thomas Evangelical Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">St. Thomas Evangelical Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A2%E5%BE%A9%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="恢復運動">恢復運動</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%82%B3%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="密傳基督教">密傳基督教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="馬丁主義">馬丁主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法國諾斯替教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gnostic Church of France"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法國諾斯替教會（页面不存在）">法國諾斯替教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostic_Church_of_France" class="extiw" title="en:Gnostic Church of France"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gnostic Church of France</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美生聖殿騎士團" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Knights Templar (Freemasonry)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E7%94%9F%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美生聖殿騎士團（页面不存在）">美生聖殿騎士團</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar_(Freemasonry)" class="extiw" title="en:Knights Templar (Freemasonry)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Knights Templar (Freemasonry)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薔薇十字團契" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rosicrucian Fellowship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%94%E8%96%87%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%9C%98%E5%A5%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薔薇十字團契（页面不存在）">薔薇十字團契</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosicrucian_Fellowship" class="extiw" title="en:Rosicrucian Fellowship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rosicrucian Fellowship</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E6%B4%BE" title="非三位一體派">非三位一體派</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="新耶路撒冷教會">新耶路撒冷教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8B%92%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="瓦勒度派">瓦勒度派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E4%BC%AF%E6%B5%81%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="撒伯流主義">撒伯流主義</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="後期聖徒運動">後期聖徒運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BC%9F%E5%85%84%E6%9C%83" title="基督弟兄會">基督弟兄會</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="基督科學">基督科學教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%9A%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="弥赛亚犹太教">弥赛亚犹太教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9F%BA%E7%94%B8%E6%9C%83" title="國際基甸會">國際基甸會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耶稣主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jesuism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶稣主义（页面不存在）">耶稣主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuism" class="extiw" title="en:Jesuism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jesuism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%E9%87%8C%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="拉斯塔法里运动">拉斯塔法里运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="美國原住民教會">美国原住民教会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="基督教藝術">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="基督教音乐">音乐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">礼仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%81%93" title="布道">布道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%B7%E5%91%8A" title="祷告">祈祷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="基督教神秘主義">神秘主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="諾斯底主義">诺斯底</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="基督教與其他宗教">基督教與其他宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%94%BF%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6" title="教政體制">教會行政</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%86" title="教會年曆">曆法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5" title="基督教象徵">象徵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84" title="对基督教的批评">批评</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">禮儀</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%A6%AE" title="亞歷山大禮">亞歷山大禮</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安條克禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Antiochene Rite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%A2%9D%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安條克禮（页面不存在）">安條克禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:Antiochene Rite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Antiochene Rite</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE" title="亞美尼亞禮">亞美尼亞禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E7%A4%BC" title="拜占庭礼">拜占庭礼</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加色丁禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Syrian Rite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E8%89%B2%E4%B8%81%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加色丁禮（页面不存在）">加色丁禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Syrian_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:East Syrian Rite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Syrian Rite</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%A6%AE%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="拉丁禮教會">拉丁禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%AB%8B%E7%94%98%E7%BF%92%E4%BE%8B" title="安立甘習例">安立甘習例</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%A6%AE" title="羅馬禮">羅馬禮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%9A%E7%A6%AE" title="安博禮">安博禮</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩拉姆禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sarum Rite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩拉姆禮（页面不存在）">薩拉姆禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarum_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:Sarum Rite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sarum Rite</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%A6%AE" title="摩爾阿拉伯禮">摩爾阿拉伯禮</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="建築形式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Church architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建築形式（页面不存在）">建築形式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Church architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Church architecture</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1" title="巴西利卡">宗座聖殿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="主教座堂">主教座堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%9C%A3%E5%A0%82" title="小圣堂">小圣堂</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E8%80%85" title="圣职者">聖職人員</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="宗主教">牧首／宗主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="大總主教">大總主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="樞機">樞機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="總主教">總主教</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="都主教">（都主教）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="主教">主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8" title="祭司">神父（司铎）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%88" title="牧师">牧师</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B7%E4%BA%8B_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="執事 (基督教)">执事</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非聖職人員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%A3%AB" title="修士">修士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3" title="修女">修女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E7%A5%AD" title="輔祭">輔祭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92" title="平信徒">平信徒</a></li> <li>理事</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E8%80%81_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="长老 (基督教)">長老</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB" title="传教士">傳教士／宣教師／傳道師</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight: bold;"><div>注：標“*”的教會有時不被視作所屬宗派的一部分。 <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/15px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/23px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/30px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教主題</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="基督教神學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFE880;;background-color: #FADA5E;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:基督教神学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:基督教神学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:基督教神学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="基督教神學" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教神學">基督教神學</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFE880;"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:基督教神学">页面分类</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFE880;;width:1%;background: #FADA5E;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="系統神學">系統神學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FADA5E;;width:1%;background: #FADA5E;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="聖經神學">聖經神學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E7%A4%BA" title="默示">默示</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%B8" title="正典">正典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="聖經研究">聖經研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E7%BB%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="解经学">解經</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="律法與福音" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Law and Gospel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8B%E6%B3%95%E8%88%87%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="律法與福音（页面不存在）">律法與福音</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_and_Gospel" class="extiw" title="en:Law and Gospel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Law and Gospel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E7%BB%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="释经学">释经学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FADA5E;;width:1%;background-color: #FFE880;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">神论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖父論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paterology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E7%88%B6%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖父論（页面不存在）">聖父論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paterology" class="extiw" title="en:Paterology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paterology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AE%BA" title="基督论">基督论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣灵论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pneumatology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E7%81%B5%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣灵论（页面不存在）">圣灵论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatology" class="extiw" title="en:Pneumatology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pneumatology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94" title="三位一體">三位一體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%88%B6" title="聖父">聖父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%AD%90" title="聖子">聖子</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E6%A0%BC%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="位格合一">位格合一</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%88%90%E8%82%89%E8%BA%AB" title="道成肉身">道成肉身</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E5%90%84%E6%96%AF" title="邏各斯">邏各斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E8%AB%96" title="基督中心論">基督中心論</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88" title="聖靈">圣灵</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%A3%E9%9D%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="那靈（页面不存在）">那靈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E8%AE%BA" title="上帝中心论">上帝中心论</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E8%AE%8A%E6%80%A7_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不變性 (神學)（页面不存在）">不變性</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E5%8A%A8%E6%83%85%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无动情性（页面不存在）">无动情性</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FADA5E;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基督教宇宙论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biblical cosmology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教宇宙论（页面不存在）">宇宙论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_cosmology" class="extiw" title="en:Biblical cosmology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biblical cosmology</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E4%B8%96%E8%A8%98" title="創世記">創世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF" title="天使">天使</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF%E7%AD%89%E7%BA%A7" title="天使等级">天使等级</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96" title="人論">人论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF" title="墮天使">堕天使</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E4%BD%86" title="撒但">撒但</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA" title="神义论">神義論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FADA5E;;width:1%;background-color: #FFE880;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96" title="基督教救贖論">救赎论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A6%E5%85%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="赦免">赦免</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="收養 (神學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adoption (theology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%B6%E9%A4%8A_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="收養 (神學)（页面不存在）">收養</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoption_(theology)" class="extiw" title="en:Adoption (theology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adoption (theology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="確據" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Assurance (theology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%BA%E6%93%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="確據（页面不存在）">確據</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assurance_(theology)" class="extiw" title="en:Assurance (theology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Assurance (theology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%8E%E7%BD%AA_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赎罪 (基督教)（页面不存在）">赎罪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A4%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="洗礼">洗礼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E5%AE%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教改宗（页面不存在）">改宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="基督教信仰">信念</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AC%E6%81%95" title="寬恕">宽恕</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="得榮耀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glorification (theology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%97%E6%A6%AE%E8%80%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="得榮耀（页面不存在）">得榮耀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorification_(theology)" class="extiw" title="en:Glorification (theology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glorification (theology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%85%B8" title="恩典">恩典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E6%8A%97%E6%8B%92%E7%9A%84%E6%81%A9%E5%85%B8" title="不可抗拒的恩典">不可抗拒的恩典</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imputed_righteousness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imputed righteousness（页面不存在）">Imputation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%B0%E4%B9%89" title="称义">称义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapsarianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapsarianism（页面不存在）">Lapsarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Means_of_grace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Means of grace（页面不存在）">Means of grace</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="治死罪" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mortification (theology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%BB%E6%AD%BB%E7%BD%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="治死罪（页面不存在）">治死罪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortification_(theology)" class="extiw" title="en:Mortification (theology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mortification (theology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordo_salutis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordo salutis（页面不存在）">Ordo Salutis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E8%A8%80" title="预言">预言</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%A9%E5%92%8C%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="復和神學（页面不存在）">復和神學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%8E%E5%9B%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赎回（页面不存在）">赎回</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%94%9F_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="重生 (基督教)">重生</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%94%E6%94%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悔改（页面不存在）">悔改</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死人复活（页面不存在）">死人复活</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%AF%E6%95%91" class="mw-redirect" title="拯救">拯救</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%9C%A3" title="成圣">成圣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="成神论">成神论</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%81%94%E5%90%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="与基督联合（页面不存在）">与基督联合</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FADA5E;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AA%E8%AB%96" title="罪論">罪論</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%95%B6" title="亞當">亞當</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E8%AB%96" title="人論">人論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%A0%95%E8%90%BD" title="人的堕落">人的堕落</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="自我中心">自我中心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%BD%AA" title="原罪">原罪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AA_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="罪 (宗教)">罪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA" title="神义论">神義論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%84%B6%E8%B4%A5%E5%9D%8F" title="全然败坏">全然败坏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FADA5E;;width:1%;background-color: #FFE880;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="教会学">教会学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%A6%AE" title="聖禮">圣礼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A3%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宣教学（页面不存在）">宣教学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%94%BF%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6" title="教政體制">教政体制</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E7%9C%BE%E5%88%B6" title="會眾制">会众制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="主教制">主教制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E5%88%B6" title="長老制">长老制</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="教会会议">教会会议</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conciliarity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conciliarity（页面不存在）">Conciliarity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FADA5E;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96" title="基督教末世論">末世论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="历史主义 (基督教末世论)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Historicism (Christian eschatology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="历史主义 (基督教末世论)（页面不存在）">历史主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicism_(Christian_eschatology)" class="extiw" title="en:Historicism (Christian eschatology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Historicism (Christian eschatology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="理念主义 (基督教末世论)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E5%BF%B5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理念主义 (基督教末世论)（页面不存在）">理念主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" class="extiw" title="en:Idealism (Christian eschatology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Idealism (Christian eschatology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E8%AE%BA" title="时代论">时代论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="未来主义 (基督教末世论)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Futurism (Christian eschatology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="未来主义 (基督教末世论)（页面不存在）">未来主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurism_(Christian_eschatology)" class="extiw" title="en:Futurism (Christian eschatology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Futurism (Christian eschatology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E9%A2%84%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E8%AE%BA" title="末世预言实现论">末世预言实现论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E7%A6%A7%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="千禧年主义">千禧年主义</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E7%A6%A7%E5%B9%B4%E5%89%8D%E8%AE%BA" title="千禧年前论">千禧年前论</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E7%A6%A7%E5%B9%B4%E5%90%8E%E8%AE%BA" title="千禧年后论">千禧年后论</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%8D%83%E7%A6%A7%E5%B9%B4%E8%AE%BA" title="无千禧年论">无千禧年论</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historic_Adventism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historic Adventism（页面不存在）">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" title="敌基督">敌基督</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E7%A4%BA" title="默示">默示</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AF%E7%A4%BA%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="启示论">启示论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣约神学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Covenant theology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E7%BA%A6%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣约神学（页面不存在）">圣约神学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covenant_theology" class="extiw" title="en:Covenant theology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Covenant theology</span></a></span>）</span></span>／<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新圣约神学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="New Covenant Theology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%9C%A3%E7%BA%A6%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新圣约神学（页面不存在）">新圣约神学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Covenant_Theology" class="extiw" title="en:New Covenant Theology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">New Covenant Theology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA" title="末世论">末世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B" title="神的國">神的國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8B%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="地狱">地狱</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="阴间">阴间</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E6%B9%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火湖（页面不存在）">火湖</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%A1%E5%88%A4" title="最后的审判">最后的审判</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%B0%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新天新地（页面不存在）">新天新地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="新耶路撒冷">新耶路撒冷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E6%8F%90" title="被提">被提</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%86%8D%E4%B8%B4" title="耶稣再临">耶稣再临</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E9%AD%82%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="灵魂睡眠">灵魂睡眠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%BE%E9%9A%BE" title="大灾难">大灾难</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="天使战争">天使战争</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFE880;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史神學">歷史神學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教神學史">基督教神学史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%8E%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%BA%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加尔文主义与阿民念主义的争论史（页面不存在）">加尔文主义与阿民念主义的争论史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="使徒時代">使徒时代</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Development of the New Testament canon（页面不存在）">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6%E5%AD%B8" title="教父學">教父學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="政教合一">政教合一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%A0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="半伯拉纠主义">半伯拉纠主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%83%8F%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95_(%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="聖像破壞運動 (東羅馬帝國)">聖像破壞運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%99%A2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="经院哲学">经院哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="托马斯主义">托马斯主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E8%87%B3%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="会议至上主义">会议至上主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="文艺复兴时期的人文主义">文艺复兴时期的人文主义</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%94%E6%95%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="虔敬主义">虔敬主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%BA%E9%86%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="大覺醒運動">大觉醒运动</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFE880;;width:1%;background: #FADA5E;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E8%B8%90%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="實踐神學">实践神学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E8%BE%A8%E6%83%91%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教辨惑學">辨惑學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%AF%B9%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95" title="基督教对旧约的看法">圣经律法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E5%B0%8E%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="輔導學">輔導學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教教育（页面不存在）">基督教教育</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教伦理学（页面不存在）">基督教伦理学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="讲道术" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Homiletics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B2%E9%81%93%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="讲道术（页面不存在）">讲道术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homiletics" class="extiw" title="en:Homiletics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Homiletics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%AE%E5%84%80%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="禮儀學（页面不存在）">禮儀學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宣教學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Missiology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A3%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宣教學（页面不存在）">宣教學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missiology" class="extiw" title="en:Missiology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Missiology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道德神学（页面不存在）">道德神学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教牧神学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pastoral theology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E7%89%A7%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教牧神学（页面不存在）">教牧神学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastoral_theology" class="extiw" title="en:Pastoral theology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pastoral theology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%AA%BF" title="反調">反調</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="政治神学">政治神學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="解放神學">解放神學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%95%E5%A2%83%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="處境神學">處境神學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會病理學神學（页面不存在）">社會病理學神學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="未來神學（页面不存在）">未來神學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%96%B0%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%B0%E5%9C%B0%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督新天新地神學（页面不存在）">基督新天新地神學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFE880;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="聖經神學">聖經神學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%8A%E7%B4%84%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舊約神學（页面不存在）">舊約神學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新約神學（页面不存在）">新約神學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保羅神學（页面不存在）">保羅神學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #FFE880;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theology_by_Tradition" title="Template:Theology by Tradition">教派传统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #FADA5E;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东正教神学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eastern Orthodox Christian theology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东正教神学（页面不存在）">东正教神学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christian_theology" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern Orthodox Christian theology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eastern Orthodox Christian theology</span></a></span>）</span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A6%E5%AE%9A%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="否定神學">否定神学</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cataphatic_theology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cataphatic theology（页面不存在）">Cataphatic theology</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_(Eastern_Christianity)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economy (Eastern Christianity)（页面不存在）">经纶</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essence%E2%80%93Energies_distinction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Essence–Energies distinction（页面不存在）">Essence–Energies</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%AD%90%E8%AA%AA" title="和子說">和子说</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnomic_will&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnomic will（页面不存在）">Gnomic will</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metousiosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metousiosis（页面不存在）">Metousiosis</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phronema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phronema（页面不存在）">Phronema</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyletism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyletism（页面不存在）">Phyletism</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proskynesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proskynesis（页面不存在）">Proskynesis</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobornost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sobornost（页面不存在）">Sobornost</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphonia_(theology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symphonia (theology)（页面不存在）">Symphonia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabor_light&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabor light（页面不存在）">Tabor light</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theoria（页面不存在）">Theoria</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="成神论">成神论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%8B%E6%AF%8D" title="天主之母">诞神女</a> </span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #FADA5E;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="天主教神学">天主教神学</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%A6%E7%BD%AA_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赦罪 (宗教)（页面不存在）">赦罪</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%BE%92%E7%B9%BC%E6%89%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="宗徒繼承">宗徒繼承</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="聖母升天說">聖母升天說</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E5%82%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教聖傳主義（页面不存在）">聖傳主義</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公会议</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%83%8F%E7%95%AB" title="聖像畫">圣像画</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%AC%E5%A5%89" title="敬奉">敬奉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%97%A0%E6%9F%93%E5%8E%9F%E7%BD%AA" title="圣母无染原罪">圣母无染原罪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%8E%E7%BD%AA%E5%88%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="赎罪券">赎罪券</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E6%B4%97%E7%A4%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="婴儿洗礼">婴儿洗礼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">基督教礼拜仪式</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="聖母論">圣母论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E6%92%92" title="弥撒">弥撒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9_(%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="現代主義 (天主教)（页面不存在）">現代主義</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%B3%95" title="自然法">自然法</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E7%84%A1%E8%AC%AC%E8%AA%A4" title="教宗無謬誤">教宗无谬误</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B8%E7%A5%AD%E8%81%B7(%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="司祭職(天主教)（页面不存在）">司祭職</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%BC%E7%8B%B1" title="炼狱">炼狱</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="守十四日派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quartodecimanism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%88%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E6%97%A5%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="守十四日派（页面不存在）">守十四日派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartodecimanism" class="extiw" title="en:Quartodecimanism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quartodecimanism</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%A6%E8%87%A8%E5%9C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真實臨在（页面不存在）">真實臨在</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacerdotalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sacerdotalism（页面不存在）">Sacerdotalism</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%A6%AE" title="聖禮">聖禮</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BA%BA" title="圣人">圣人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E8%8C%82%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道茂學派（页面不存在）">道茂學派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣餐变体论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transubstantiation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90%E8%AE%8A%E9%AB%94%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="聖餐變體論">圣餐变体论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transubstantiation" class="extiw" title="en:Transubstantiation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transubstantiation</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="越山主义">越山主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="解放神學">解放神學</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%92%E4%B8%96%E7%AB%A5%E8%B4%9E" title="圣母卒世童贞">圣母卒世童贞</a> </span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #FF9;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣公宗神学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anglican doctrine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%97%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣公宗神学（页面不存在）">圣公宗神学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_doctrine" class="extiw" title="en:Anglican doctrine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anglican doctrine</span></a></span>）</span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="盎格魯大公主義">Anglo-Catholicism</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical_Catholic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical Catholic（页面不存在）">Evangelical Catholic</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%B4%BE" title="高教會派">高派教会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E6%B4%BE%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="低派教会">低派教会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latitudinarian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latitudinarian（页面不存在）">Latitudinarian</a> </span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #FADA5E;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99#教義" title="新教">新教神学</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #FF9;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99#教義" title="新教">普遍承认的新教神学</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adiaphora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adiaphora（页面不存在）">Adiaphora</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assurance_(theology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assurance (theology)（页面不存在）">Assurance</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Believer%27s_baptism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Believer's baptism（页面不存在）">Believer's baptism</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priesthood_of_all_believers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priesthood of all believers（页面不存在）">Priesthood of the believer</a> </span></td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Theology of other protestant traditions</i>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faith_healing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faith healing（页面不存在）">Faith healing</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossolalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossolalia（页面不存在）">Glossolalia</a> </span></td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #FF9;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B0%91%E5%BF%B5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="阿民念主義">阿民念主義</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%96%AF%E7%90%86%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="衛斯理主義">卫斯理主义</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_perfection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian perfection（页面不存在）">Christian perfection</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conditional_preservation_of_the_saints&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conditional preservation of the saints（页面不存在）">Conditional preservation of the saints</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imparted_righteousness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imparted righteousness（页面不存在）">Imparted righteousness</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordship_salvation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lordship salvation（页面不存在）">Lordship salvation</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prevenient_grace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prevenient grace（页面不存在）">Prevenient grace</a> </span></td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #FF9;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="信义宗神学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theology of Martin Luther"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%A1%E4%B9%89%E5%AE%97%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="信义宗神学（页面不存在）">信义宗神学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology_of_Martin_Luther" class="extiw" title="en:Theology of Martin Luther"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theology of Martin Luther</span></a></span>）</span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctrine_of_the_two_kingdoms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doctrine of the two kingdoms（页面不存在）">Two kingdoms</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loci_Theologici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loci Theologici（页面不存在）">Loci Theologici</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="十字架神学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theology of the Cross"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="十字架神学（页面不存在）">十字架神学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology_of_the_Cross" class="extiw" title="en:Theology of the Cross"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theology of the Cross</span></a></span>）</span></span> </span></td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessional_Lutheran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confessional Lutheran（页面不存在）">Confessional Lutheran</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haugean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haugean（页面不存在）">Haugean</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutheran_Orthodoxy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutheran Orthodoxy（页面不存在）">Lutheran Orthodoxy</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutheran_scholasticism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutheran scholasticism（页面不存在）">Lutheran scholasticism</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新路德主義">新路德主義</a> </span></td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #FF9;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="加爾文主義">加爾文主義</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Grace_theology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Grace theology（页面不存在）">Free Grace theology</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%81%A9%E7%8B%AC%E4%BD%9C%E8%AE%BA" title="神恩独作论">神恩独作</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E9%A0%90%E5%AE%9A%E8%AB%96" title="喀爾文主義預定論">预定论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%AA%E5%94%AF%E7%8B%AC" title="五个唯独">五个唯独</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%AF%E7%8B%AC%E4%BF%A1%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="唯独信心（页面不存在）">唯独信心</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%AF%E7%8B%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="唯独恩典（页面不存在）">唯独恩典</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%AA%E5%94%AF%E7%8B%AC" title="五个唯独">唯独圣经</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E5%88%87%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80%E5%BD%92%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一切荣耀归于上帝（页面不存在）">一切荣耀归于上帝</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%AF%E7%8B%AC%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="唯独基督（页面不存在）">唯独基督</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3%E8%AB%96" title="取代論">取代论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%84%B6%E8%B4%A5%E5%9D%8F" title="全然败坏">全然败坏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9#加尔文主义五要点" title="加爾文主義">加尔文主义五要点</a> </span></td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #FF9;">其他传统 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%A4%8D%E4%B8%B4%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督复临安息日神学（页面不存在）">基督复临安息日会</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E6%B4%97%E7%A4%BC%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="再洗礼派">再洗礼派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E8%AE%BA" title="时代论">时代论</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="福音派">福音派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%9F%BA%E8%A6%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基督教基要主义">基要派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%A5%E8%B5%9B%E4%BA%9A%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弥赛亚犹太教神学（页面不存在）">弥赛亚犹太教</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%97%AC%E7%AF%80%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="五旬節運動">五旬节派</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%94%E6%95%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="虔敬主义">虔敬主义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="基督教原始主義">原始主义</a> </span></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFE880;;background: #FADA5E;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教主题首页</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Template:天主教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:天主教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:天主教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="天主教（羅馬公教）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">天主教</a>（羅馬公教）</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;"><div><b>組織、教宗、教義和儀式傳統</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教会历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教会历史（页面不存在）">教会历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="使徒 (基督教)">十二宗徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="早期基督教">早期教会</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教宗历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Papacy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教宗历史（页面不存在）">教宗历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Papacy" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Papacy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Papacy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="基督教传教活动">傳教使命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">西方教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="各國的天主教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Catholic Church by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各國的天主教會（页面不存在）">各國的天主教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Catholic Church by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Catholic Church by country</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="聖座外交">聖座外交</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E5%9B%BD" title="教宗国">教宗国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈城國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="天主教会圣统制">制度</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%B3%95_(%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A)" title="教会法 (天主教会)">法典</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%9E%E6%A9%9F%E5%9C%98" title="樞機團">樞機團</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="樞機">樞機</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="主教">主教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="宗主教">宗主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="大總主教">大總主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A3%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="督主教">督主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E9%95%B7" title="主教長">首席主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="都主教">都主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="總主教">總主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E9%8A%9C%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="領銜主教">領銜主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%9C%98" title="主教團">主教團</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF" title="聖座大使">教廷大使</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="教區">教區</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="主教">教區正权主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E7%90%86%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="助理主教">助理主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E7%90%86%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="輔理主教">輔理主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99#天主教會" title="主教">榮休主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="副主教">副主教/主教代表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%8D%80" title="自治監督區">自治監督區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E6%9C%83%E9%99%A2%E5%8D%80" title="自治會院區">自治會院區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%BA%A7%E4%BB%A3%E7%89%A7%E5%8D%80" title="宗座代牧區">宗座代牧區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%BA%A7%E7%9B%A3%E7%89%A7" title="宗座監牧">宗座監牧區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%BA%A7%E7%BD%B2%E7%90%86" title="宗座署理">宗座署理區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%B8%AD%E6%95%99%E9%95%B7%E5%8D%80" title="軍中教長區">軍中教長區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%82%B3%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="自治傳教區">自治傳教區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E5%88%A5%E6%95%99%E9%95%B7%E7%AE%A1%E8%BD%84%E5%8D%80" title="個別教長管轄區">個別教長管轄區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">東方禮教區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%8F%B8" title="祭司">司鐸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E9%90%B8%E5%8D%80" title="總鐸區">總鐸區</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%B8%AD" title="蒙席">蒙席</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%9B%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%93%E8%81%8C%E5%8F%B8%E9%93%8E" title="陛下专职司铎">陛下专职司铎</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="名誉教长" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Honorary Prelate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8D%E8%AA%89%E6%95%99%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="名誉教长（页面不存在）">名誉教长</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorary_Prelate" class="extiw" title="en:Honorary Prelate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Honorary Prelate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗座总书记官" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Protonotary apostolic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E5%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗座总书记官（页面不存在）">宗座总书记官</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" class="extiw" title="en:Protonotary apostolic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Protonotary apostolic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B7%E4%BA%8B_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="執事 (基督教)">執事</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E7%90%86" title="天主教教理">教理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">天主</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94" title="三位一體">三位一體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%88%90%E8%82%89%E8%BA%AB" title="道成肉身">降生成人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%85%B8" title="恩典">聖宠</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%AC%E6%8B%9C_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="敬拜 (基督教)">欽崇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%BD%AA" title="原罪">原罪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%AE%97%E7%BD%AA" title="七宗罪">七罪宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%AB" title="萬民四末">萬民四末</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%91%E8%B4%96%E8%AB%96" title="基督教救贖論">救赎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%AA%A1" title="十誡">天主十誡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教會四規" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Commandments of the Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%9B%9B%E8%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教會四規（页面不存在）">教會四規</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commandments_of_the_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Commandments of the Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Commandments of the Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%9B%9B%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5" title="教會四特徵">至一、至圣、至公、宗徒传承教会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="大公教會">大公教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E7%B5%B1%E7%B7%92" title="使徒統緒">宗徒传承</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="信理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman Catholic dogma"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="信理（页面不存在）">信理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_dogma" class="extiw" title="en:Roman Catholic dogma"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman Catholic dogma</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="灵魂与肉体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Catholic theology of the body"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%B5%E9%AD%82%E4%B8%8E%E8%82%89%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="灵魂与肉体（页面不存在）">灵魂与肉体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_theology_of_the_body" class="extiw" title="en:Catholic theology of the body"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Catholic theology of the body</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%AF%B6%E8%A8%93" title="山上寶訓">山上寶訓</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%A6%AE" title="聖禮">七大聖事</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E7%A6%AE" title="洗禮">圣洗圣事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%9A%E6%8C%AF%E5%9C%A3%E4%BA%8B" title="坚振圣事">堅振聖事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A4%90%E7%A6%AE" title="聖餐禮">圣体圣事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%A5%BD%E8%81%96%E4%BA%8B" title="和好聖事">和好聖事</a>（告解）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E4%BA%BA%E5%82%85%E6%B2%B9%E8%81%96%E4%BA%8B" title="病人傅油聖事">病人傅油聖事</a>（舊稱終傅）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%A7%A9%E8%81%96%E4%BA%8B" title="聖秩聖事">聖秩聖事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB%E8%A7%80" title="基督教婚姻觀">婚配圣事</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="玛利亚学">聖母論</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教圣母论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman Catholic Mariology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教圣母论（页面不存在）">天主教圣母论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Mariology" class="extiw" title="en:Roman Catholic Mariology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman Catholic Mariology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣母论研究史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Roman Catholic Mariology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E8%AE%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣母论研究史（页面不存在）">圣母论研究史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Roman_Catholic_Mariology" class="extiw" title="en:History of Roman Catholic Mariology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Roman Catholic Mariology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E_(%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA)" title="馬利亞 (耶穌的母親)">聖母瑪利亞</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%B0%E5%8F%B7" title="玛利亚的称号">称号</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%92%E4%B8%96%E7%AB%A5%E8%B4%9E" title="圣母卒世童贞">圣母卒世童贞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%97%A0%E6%9F%93%E5%8E%9F%E7%BD%AA" title="圣母无染原罪">圣母无染原罪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9" title="圣母升天">圣母蒙召升天</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖人聖母论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mariology of the saints"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖人聖母论（页面不存在）">聖人聖母论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" class="extiw" title="en:Mariology of the saints"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mariology of the saints</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教宗聖母论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mariology of the popes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教宗聖母论（页面不存在）">教宗聖母论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" class="extiw" title="en:Mariology of the popes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mariology of the popes</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="敬礼圣母" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Veneration of Mary in Roman Catholicism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%AC%E7%A4%BC%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="敬礼圣母（页面不存在）">敬礼圣母</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_Roman_Catholicism" class="extiw" title="en:Veneration of Mary in Roman Catholicism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Veneration of Mary in Roman Catholicism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="天主教神学">神學</a>家<br />(<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%81%96%E5%B8%AB" title="教會聖師">教會聖師</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="艾爾伯圖斯·麥格努斯">大亞爾伯特</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E4%BF%AE" title="安波羅修">圣盎博罗削</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF%E9%9B%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E7%91%9F%E8%8E%AB" title="坎特伯雷的安瑟莫">圣安瑟莫</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E8%81%96%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC" title="里斯本的聖安多尼">帕多瓦或里斯本的聖安多尼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">圣托馬斯·阿奎那</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%AE" title="亚他那修">聖亞他那修</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">希波的圣奥思定</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B2%E6%92%92%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%B5%81" title="該撒利亞的巴西流">該撒利亞的巴西略</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%BE%B7" title="比德">可敬者伯達</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E7%99%BD%E6%95%8F" title="羅伯·白敏">羅伯·白敏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E9%90%B8" title="伯爾納鐸">聖伯爾納鐸</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%96%87%E5%BE%B7" title="聖文德">聖文德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣伯多禄·卡尼修斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peter Canisius"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A6%84%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣伯多禄·卡尼修斯（页面不存在）">圣伯多禄·卡尼修斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Canisius" class="extiw" title="en:Peter Canisius"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peter Canisius</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B4%8D" title="聖加大利納">聖加大利納</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="金言聖伯多祿" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peter Chrysologus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E8%A8%80%E8%81%96%E4%BC%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金言聖伯多祿（页面不存在）">金言聖伯多祿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" class="extiw" title="en:Peter Chrysologus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peter Chrysologus</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99)" title="约翰一世 (君士坦丁堡大主教)">金口若望</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%80%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%85" title="亞歷山大的區利羅">亚历山大的圣济利禄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E7%9A%84%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE" title="耶路撒冷的西里爾">耶路撒冷的圣济利禄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="彼得·达米安">彼得·达米安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%80%B6%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%97%E6%9C%A8" title="聖耶福列木">聖厄弗冷</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%9B%B7%E6%B0%8F" title="聖方濟各·沙雷氏">聖方濟各·沙雷氏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="額我略一世">教宗額我略一世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%C2%B7%E7%B4%8D%E9%BD%8A%E5%AE%89" title="聖額我略·納齊安">額我略·納齊安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%93%A6%E6%8D%B7%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%9D%E6%8B%89%E7%95%A5" title="普瓦捷的依拉略">普瓦捷的依拉略</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BE%9D%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A6%84" title="圣依西多禄">圣依西多禄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E6%9F%94%E7%B1%B3" title="耶柔米">圣热罗尼莫</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9%E7%9A%84%E8%81%96%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0" title="大馬士革的聖約翰">聖若望·達瑪森</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B" title="十字若望">十字若望</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣劳伦斯·布林希" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lawrence of Brindisi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97%E5%B8%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣劳伦斯·布林希（页面不存在）">圣劳伦斯·布林希</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" class="extiw" title="en:Lawrence of Brindisi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lawrence of Brindisi</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="良一世">教宗良一世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖亞爾豐索" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E4%BA%9E%E7%88%BE%E8%B1%90%E7%B4%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖亞爾豐索（页面不存在）">聖亞爾豐索</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonsus_Maria_de%27_Liguori" class="extiw" title="en:Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E9%9B%AA%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="利雪的德蘭">聖女小德蘭</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="亞維拉的德蘭">聖女大德蘭</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞維拉的若望" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John of Ávila"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞維拉的若望（页面不存在）">亞維拉的若望</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" class="extiw" title="en:John of Ávila"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John of Ávila</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%BE%B7%E5%98%89%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E8%B3%93%E6%A0%B9" title="赫德嘉·馮·賓根">宾根的希尔德加德</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E9%9B%B7%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%84%E8%81%96%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5" title="納雷科的聖額我略">納雷科的聖額我略</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84_(%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="方濟各 (教宗)">教宗方济各</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="2013年教宗选举秘密会议">2013年教宗选举秘密会议</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="就职典礼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Papal inauguration of Pope Francis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%B1%E8%81%8C%E5%85%B8%E7%A4%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="就职典礼（页面不存在）">就职典礼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_inauguration_of_Pope_Francis" class="extiw" title="en:Papal inauguration of Pope Francis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Papal inauguration of Pope Francis</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神學理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theology of Pope Francis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神學理論（页面不存在）">神學理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology_of_Pope_Francis" class="extiw" title="en:Theology of Pope Francis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theology of Pope Francis</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="《信德之光》通諭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lumen fidei"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%80%8A%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%B7%E4%B9%8B%E5%85%89%E3%80%8B%E9%80%9A%E8%AB%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="《信德之光》通諭（页面不存在）">《信德之光》通諭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_fidei" class="extiw" title="en:Lumen fidei"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lumen fidei</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="《福音的喜樂》勸諭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evangelii Gaudium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E3%80%8A%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E7%9A%84%E5%96%9C%E6%A8%82%E3%80%8B%E5%8B%B8%E8%AB%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="《福音的喜樂》勸諭（页面不存在）">《福音的喜樂》勸諭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelii_Gaudium" class="extiw" title="en:Evangelii Gaudium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evangelii Gaudium</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%BF%E7%A5%A2%E5%8F%97%E8%B5%9E%E9%A2%82" title="愿祢受赞颂">《愿祢受赞颂》通諭</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="所宣圣者" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of saints canonized by Pope Francis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%80%E5%AE%A3%E5%9C%A3%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="所宣圣者（页面不存在）">所宣圣者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_saints_canonized_by_Pope_Francis" class="extiw" title="en:List of saints canonized by Pope Francis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of saints canonized by Pope Francis</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国际访问" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy and Vatican City"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际访问（页面不存在）">国际访问</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pastoral_visits_of_Pope_Francis_outside_Italy_and_Vatican_City" class="extiw" title="en:List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy and Vatican City"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy and Vatican City</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E7%89%A7%E5%BE%BD" title="方濟各教宗牧徽">牧徽</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%91%AA%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="聖瑪爾大之家">住所</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="教宗列表">歷任教宗</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="本篤十六世">本篤十六世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="若望保祿二世">若望保祿二世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A6%84%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="若望保禄一世">若望保禄一世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="保祿六世">保祿六世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="若望二十三世">若望二十三世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十二世">庇護十二世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十一世">庇護十一世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="本篤十五世">本篤十五世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十世">庇護十世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="良十三世">良十三世</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96" title="庇護九世">庇護九世</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (基督教)">修道会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83%E4%BC%9A" title="本笃会">本笃会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%99%E7%AC%83%E4%BC%9A" title="熙笃会">熙笃会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%9A" title="加尔默罗会">聖衣會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%83" title="奧斯定會">奧斯定會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E9%83%BD%E8%A5%BF%E6%9C%83" title="加爾都西會">加多森会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%83" title="道明會">道明會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%84%E4%BC%9A" title="方济各会">方济会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖母升天會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Assumptionists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖母升天會（页面不存在）">聖母升天會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumptionists" class="extiw" title="en:Assumptionists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Assumptionists</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E5%B0%8F%E6%98%86%E4%BB%B2%E6%9C%83" title="聖母小昆仲會">聖母昆仲會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%98%89%E5%B8%83%E9%81%A3%E6%9C%83" title="方濟嘉布遣會">嘉布遣兄弟會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E5%B9%BC%E6%9C%83" title="慈幼會">慈幼會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BE%92%E4%BC%9A" title="主徒会">主徒会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣十字架会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Congregation of Holy Cross"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣十字架会（页面不存在）">圣十字架会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross" class="extiw" title="en:Congregation of Holy Cross"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Congregation of Holy Cross</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%BF%A0%E4%BB%86%E4%BC%9A" title="圣母忠仆会">圣母忠仆会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%9C%A3%E5%BF%83%E4%BC%9A" title="圣母圣心会">圣母圣心会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="司鐸祈禱會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%93%8E%E7%A5%88%E7%A5%B7%E4%BC%9A" title="司铎祈祷会">司鐸祈禱會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" class="extiw" title="en:Oratory of Saint Philip Neri"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oratory of Saint Philip Neri</span></a></span>）</span></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%96%E6%96%B9%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="玛利诺外方传教会">玛利诺外方传教会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%86%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%96%B9%E5%82%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="白冷外方傳教會">白冷外方傳教會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%A4%96%E6%96%B9%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="巴黎外方传教会">巴黎外方传教会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%BA%A7%E5%A4%96%E6%96%B9%E5%82%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="宗座外方傳教會">宗座外方傳教會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%9A%E4%BC%9A" title="主业会">主业会</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E8%81%96%E5%BF%83%E6%84%9B%E5%AD%90%E6%9C%83" title="聖母聖心愛子會">聖母聖心愛子會</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議">梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教會定義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Subsistit in"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教會定義（页面不存在）">教會定義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsistit_in" class="extiw" title="en:Subsistit in"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Subsistit in</span></a></span>）</span></span>」</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%95%9F%E7%A4%BA" title="天主的啟示">天主的啟示</a>》教义宪章</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="論教會在現代世界" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gaudium et Spes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%96%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%A8%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="論教會在現代世界（页面不存在）">論教會在現代世界</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaudium_et_Spes" class="extiw" title="en:Gaudium et Spes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gaudium et Spes</span></a></span>）</span></span>》牧職憲章</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83_(%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9%E6%86%B2%E7%AB%A0)" title="教會 (教義憲章)">教會</a>》憲章</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%B0%8D%E9%9D%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%85%8B%E5%BA%A6" title="教會對非基督宗教態度">教會對非基督宗教態度</a>》宣言</li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="禮儀 (憲章)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sacrosanctum Concilium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%AE%E5%84%80_(%E6%86%B2%E7%AB%A0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="禮儀 (憲章)（页面不存在）">禮儀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" class="extiw" title="en:Sacrosanctum Concilium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sacrosanctum Concilium</span></a></span>）</span></span>》憲章</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E5%88%A5%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="個別教會">個別教會</a><br />按<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%A6%AE%E5%84%80" title="天主教禮儀">禮儀</a>劃分</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%A6%AE%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="拉丁禮教會">拉丁禮教會</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%A6%AE" title="羅馬禮">羅馬禮</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%9A%E7%A6%AE" title="安博禮">安博禮</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩拉姆禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sarum Rite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩拉姆禮（页面不存在）">薩拉姆禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarum_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:Sarum Rite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sarum Rite</span></a></span>）</span></span></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%A6%AE" title="摩爾阿拉伯禮">摩爾阿拉伯禮</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%AB%8B%E7%94%98%E7%BF%92%E4%BE%8B" title="安立甘習例">安立甘習例</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">各东方礼教会</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%A6%AE" title="亞歷山大禮">亞歷山大禮</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="科普特禮天主教會">科普特禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A3%E7%B4%A2%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="衣索比亞禮天主教會">衣索比亞禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="厄立特里亞禮天主教會">厄立特里亞禮天主教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安条克禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Antiochene Rite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%A1%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安条克禮（页面不存在）">安条克禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:Antiochene Rite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Antiochene Rite</span></a></span>）</span></span></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%BE%99%E5%B0%BC%E7%A4%BC%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="马龙尼礼教会">马龙尼礼教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="敘利亞禮天主教會">敘利亞禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A-%E7%8E%9B%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="叙利亚-玛兰卡礼天主教会">叙利亚-玛兰卡礼天主教会</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE" title="亞美尼亞禮">亞美尼亞禮</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="亞美尼亞禮天主教會">亞美尼亞禮天主教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="東敘利亞禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Syrian Rite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東敘利亞禮（页面不存在）">東敘利亞禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Syrian_Rite" class="extiw" title="en:East Syrian Rite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Syrian Rite</span></a></span>）</span></span></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%89%B2%E4%B8%81%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="加色丁禮天主教會">加色丁禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A-%E7%8E%9B%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="叙利亚-玛拉巴礼天主教会">敘利亞-瑪拉巴禮教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E7%A4%BC" title="拜占庭礼">拜占庭礼</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="白俄羅斯希臘禮天主教會">白俄羅斯希臘禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚希腊礼天主教会">阿尔巴尼亚希腊礼天主教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="保加利亞希臘禮天主教會">保加利亞希臘禮天主教會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克羅地亞和塞尔维亚希臘禮天主教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%8C%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克羅地亞和塞尔维亚希臘禮天主教會（页面不存在）">克羅地亞和塞尔维亚希臘禮天主教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Church_of_Croatia,_Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="extiw" title="en:Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Byzantine Church of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="希腊拜占庭礼天主教会">希腊拜占庭礼天主教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="匈牙利希臘禮天主教會">匈牙利希臘禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9-%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="義大利-阿爾巴尼亞天主教會">義大利-阿爾巴尼亞禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="马其顿希腊礼天主教会">马其顿希腊礼天主教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="默基特希臘禮天主教會">默基特希臘禮天主教會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="與天主教會共融的希臘禮羅馬尼亞教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%85%B1%E8%9E%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="與天主教會共融的希臘禮羅馬尼亞教會（页面不存在）">與天主教會共融的希臘禮羅馬尼亞教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Church_United_with_Rome,_Greek-Catholic" class="extiw" title="en:Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="俄罗斯希腊礼天主教会">俄罗斯礼天主教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="魯塞尼亞希臘禮天主教會">魯塞尼亞禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="斯洛伐克希臘禮天主教會">斯洛伐克希臘禮天主教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A4%BC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="乌克兰希腊礼天主教会">乌克兰希腊礼天主教会</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;">會議<br />活動</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="世界主教會議">世界主教會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%AB%94%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" title="聖體大會">聖體大會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5" title="世界青年日">世界青年日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5" title="亞洲青年日">亞洲青年日</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%;background-color: gold;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.catholic" title=".catholic">.catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;"><div><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/15px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/23px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/31px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="918" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Portal:天主教">天主教主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/23px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/36px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/21px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/42px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1" title="Portal:梵蒂岡">梵蒂岡主題</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="天主教会史（英语：-&#123;History_of_the_Catholic_Church&#125;-）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:天主教会史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:天主教会史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:天主教会史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="天主教会史（英语：-&#123;History_of_the_Catholic_Church&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会史（页面不存在）">天主教会史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会史（页面不存在）">綜述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教历史">基督教历史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会歷史（页面不存在）">天主教会歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会年表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会年表（页面不存在）">天主教会年表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教宗歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Papacy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教宗歷史（页面不存在）">教宗歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Papacy" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Papacy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Papacy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬教廷歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Roman Curia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬教廷歷史（页面不存在）">羅馬教廷歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Roman Curia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Roman Curia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬天主教藝術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Art in Roman Catholicism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬天主教藝術（页面不存在）">羅馬天主教藝術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_in_Roman_Catholicism" class="extiw" title="en:Art in Roman Catholicism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Art in Roman Catholicism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会在文明中的作用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Role of the Catholic Church in civilization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会在文明中的作用（页面不存在）">天主教会在文明中的作用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_civilization" class="extiw" title="en:Role of the Catholic Church in civilization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Role of the Catholic Church in civilization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公教大公會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Catholic Ecumenical Councils"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公教大公會議（页面不存在）">公教大公會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Ecumenical_Councils" class="extiw" title="en:Catholic Ecumenical Councils"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Catholic Ecumenical Councils</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="天主教会圣统制">天主教会圣统制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (基督教)">修道制度</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教修会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious institute (Catholic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教修会（页面不存在）">天主教修会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_institute_(Catholic" class="extiw" title="en:Religious institute (Catholic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious institute (Catholic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E5%9B%BD" title="教宗国">教宗国</a>（752年－1870年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg/125px-Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg/188px-Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg/250px-Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="674" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="早期基督教">早期教会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="使徒 (基督教)">十二宗徒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="彼得 (使徒)">聖伯多祿宗徒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="保罗 (使徒)">聖保祿宗徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%8D" title="司提反">聖斯德望</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="約翰 (使徒)">聖若望宗徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E5%91%BD" title="大使命">萬國福傳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="耶路撒冷會議">耶路撒冷會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="使徒時代">宗徒時代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6" title="使徒教父">宗徒教父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%A2%9D%E5%85%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%9D%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%B5" title="安條克的依納爵">安條克的依納爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%BB%BB%E7%BA%BD" title="爱任纽">依勒內</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%AC%83%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="维笃一世">教宗維笃一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%9C%9F%E8%89%AF" title="特土良">特爾都良</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁大帝</a>至<br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="額我略一世">教宗額我略一世</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E5%92%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="君士坦丁一世和基督教">君士坦丁一世和基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%83%8F%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" title="阿里烏教派">亞略主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%9C%A3%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF" title="拉特朗圣若望大殿">聖若望拉特朗大殿建成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次尼西亞公會議">第一次尼西亞公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="教宗西尔维斯特一世">教宗西尔维斯特一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次君士坦丁堡公會議">第一次君士坦丁堡公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%B8" title="正典">圣经正典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E6%9F%94%E7%B1%B3" title="耶柔米">哲羅姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%91%E6%9C%AC" title="武加大译本">圣经拉丁通俗譯本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%89%80%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="以弗所公會議">厄弗所公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="迦克墩公會議">迦克墩公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83" title="努西亚的本笃">努西亚的本笃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次君士坦丁堡公會議">第二次君士坦丁堡公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="額我略一世">教宗額我略一世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%9C%A3%E6%AD%8C" title="额我略圣歌">額我略聖詠</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F" title="中世纪前期">中世纪前期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第三次君士坦丁堡公會議">第三次君士坦丁堡公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%95%E7%88%B5" title="圣波尼法爵">圣波尼法爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%83%8F%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95_(%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="聖像破壞運動 (東羅馬帝國)">聖像破壞運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次尼西亞公會議">第二次尼西亞公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="查理大帝">查理大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="良三世">教宗良三世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第四次君士坦丁堡公會議">第四次君士坦丁堡公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%9B%9B%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀盛期">中世紀中期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E8%AB%BE%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="烏爾巴諾二世">烏爾巴諾二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BB%BB%E6%9D%83%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="叙任权斗争">叙任权斗争</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%A8%93%E4%BB%A4" title="教宗訓令">教宗訓令</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%BA%E8%8E%8E%E4%B9%8B%E8%A1%8C" title="卡诺莎之行">卡诺莎之行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由憲章" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Charter of Liberties"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="自由宪章">自由憲章</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_of_Liberties" class="extiw" title="en:Charter of Liberties"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Charter of Liberties</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="沃尔姆斯宗教协定">沃尔姆斯宗教协定</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a>（1096年－1291年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E5%BE%A9%E5%A4%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="收復失地運動">收復失地運動</a>（718年－1492年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次拉特朗公會議">第一次拉特朗公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次拉特朗公會議">第二次拉特朗公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第三次拉特朗公會議">第三次拉特朗公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%AB%BE%E5%A2%9E%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="依諾增爵三世">教宗諾森三世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="拉丁帝国">拉丁帝国</a>（1204年－1261年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84" title="亞西西的方濟各">亞西西的聖方濟各</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第四次拉特朗公會議">第四次拉特朗公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" title="宗教裁判所">宗教裁判所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次里昂公會議">第一次里昂公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次里昂公會議">第二次里昂公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E9%90%B8" title="伯爾納鐸">明谷的聖伯爾納鐸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">托马斯·阿奎那</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀後期">中世紀後期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="博義八世">教宗博義八世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">天主教會大分裂</a>（1378年－1417年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E8%BE%B2%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="亞維農教廷">亞維農教廷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%89%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="克勉五世">教宗克勉五世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%B4%8D%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="維埃納公會議">維埃納公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="圣殿骑士团">圣殿骑士团</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B4%8D" title="聖加大利納">瑟納的聖加大利納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="康士坦斯大公會議">康士坦斯大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="佛羅倫斯大公會議">佛羅倫斯大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="亞歷山大六世">教宗亞歷山大六世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第五次拉特朗公會議">第五次拉特朗公會議</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教改革</a><br />和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">馬丁·路德</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%9D%A1%E8%AE%BA%E7%BA%B2" title="九十五条论纲">九十五条论纲</a>》（1517年）</li></ul></li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="博洛尼亚条约" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Concordat of Bologna"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博洛尼亚条约（页面不存在）">博洛尼亚条约</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordat_of_Bologna" class="extiw" title="en:Concordat of Bologna"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Concordat of Bologna</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E4%B9%8B%E5%8A%AB_(1527%E5%B9%B4)" title="羅馬之劫 (1527年)">羅馬之劫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="英格兰宗教改革">英格兰宗教改革</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94" title="托马斯·莫尔">托马斯·莫尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E8%88%8D%E7%88%BE" title="若望·費舍爾">若望·費舍爾</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96" title="良十世">教宗良十世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%B5%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E8%80%80%E6%8B%89" title="依納爵·羅耀拉">依納爵·羅耀拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%8B%BF%E7%95%A5" title="方濟·沙勿略">方濟·沙勿略</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="解散修道院行動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dissolution of the Monasteries"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%95%A3%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="解散修道院行動（页面不存在）">解散修道院行動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="extiw" title="en:Dissolution of the Monasteries"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dissolution of the Monasteries</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E9%A8%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="特利騰大公會議">脫利騰會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="庇護五世">教宗庇護五世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%AB%E5%88%A9%E9%A8%B0%E5%BD%8C%E6%92%92" title="脫利騰彌撒">脫利騰彌撒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="額我略十三世">教宗額我略十三世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%86" title="公历">公历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="天主教澳門教區">澳门教区</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="亞維拉的德蘭">亞維拉的德蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B" title="十字若望">十字若望</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斐理伯·內利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philip Neri"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%90%E7%90%86%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%A7%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斐理伯·內利（页面不存在）">斐理伯·內利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Neri" class="extiw" title="en:Philip Neri"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philip Neri</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E7%99%BD%E6%95%8F" title="羅伯·白敏">羅伯·白敏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="巴洛克艺术">巴洛克时期</a><br />至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="法国大革命">法国大革命</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%AB%BE%E5%A2%9E%E7%88%B5%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="依諾增爵十一世">教宗依諾增爵十一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="本篤十四世">教宗本篤十四世</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鎮壓耶稣會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8E%AE%E5%A3%93%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鎮壓耶稣會（页面不存在）">鎮壓耶稣會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" class="extiw" title="en:Suppression of the Society of Jesus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Suppression of the Society of Jesus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%95%99%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反教权主义">反教权主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="庇護六世">教宗庇護六世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%8E%9F%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="島原之亂">島原教案</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%89%B9%E6%95%95%E4%BB%A4" title="南特敕令">南特敕令</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E5%8E%BB%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命時期去基督教運動">法國大革命時期去基督教運動</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (基督教)">修道制度</a>及<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="Category:天主教修会">修会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83%E4%BC%9A" title="本笃会">本笃会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%90%95%E5%B0%BC%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="克吕尼改革">克吕尼改革</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a>（1534年－）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教教育（页面不存在）">教育</a>和科学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="天主教大學">教会大学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中世纪大学列表">中世纪</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a>（1534年－）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%">近代传教事业</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A%E5%A3%AB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="在华耶稣会士列表">在华会士</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%8B%BF%E7%95%A5" title="方濟·沙勿略">圣方济·沙勿略</a>（1506年－1552年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%9B%E7%AA%A6" title="利玛窦">利玛窦神父</a>（1552年－1610年）</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="明朝天主教">明朝</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%95%99%E4%B8%89%E6%9F%B1%E7%9F%B3" title="聖教三柱石">聖教三柱石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%85%89%E5%90%AF" title="徐光启">徐光启</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%89" title="中国礼仪之争">中国礼仪之争</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:19%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Category:19世纪天主教">19世纪</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96" title="庇護七世">教宗庇護七世</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/1801%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%8B%99%E5%B0%88%E7%B4%84" title="1801年教務專約">1801年教務專約</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96" title="庇護九世">教宗庇護九世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88%E5%9B%9A%E5%BE%92" title="梵蒂冈囚徒">梵蒂冈囚徒</a>（1870年－1929年）</li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国拉撒勒德村圣母显现事件" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Our Lady of La Salette"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%8B%89%E6%92%92%E5%8B%92%E5%BE%B7%E6%9D%91%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%98%BE%E7%8E%B0%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国拉撒勒德村圣母显现事件（页面不存在）">法国拉撒勒德村圣母显现事件</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Salette" class="extiw" title="en:Our Lady of La Salette"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Our Lady of La Salette</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1846年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%97%A0%E6%9F%93%E5%8E%9F%E7%BD%AA" title="圣母无染原罪">确立“圣母无染原罪”信理</a>（1854年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E5%BE%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="露德聖母">法国露德圣母显现事件</a>（1858年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="梵蒂岡第一屆大公會議">梵蒂岡第一屆大公會議</a>（1869年－1870年） <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教宗无误权柄" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infallibility of the Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%97%A0%E8%AF%AF%E6%9D%83%E6%9F%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教宗无误权柄（页面不存在）">确立“教宗无误权柄”信理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Infallibility of the Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infallibility of the Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="良十三世">教宗良十三世</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奉献于耶稣圣心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%89%E7%8C%AE%E4%BA%8E%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%9C%A3%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奉献于耶稣圣心（页面不存在）">奉献于耶稣圣心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayer_of_Consecration_to_the_Sacred_Heart" class="extiw" title="en:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣心玛利修女" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mary of the Divine Heart"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%BF%83%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣心玛利修女（页面不存在）">圣心玛利修女</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" class="extiw" title="en:Mary of the Divine Heart"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mary of the Divine Heart</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%8B" title="新事">新事</a>》通谕（1891年）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:20%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Category:20世纪天主教">20世纪</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十世">教宗庇护十世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%9C%B0%E7%91%AA%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D" title="花地瑪聖母">葡萄牙法蒂玛圣母显现事件</a>（1917年） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%91%AA%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%89%E5%80%8B%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86" title="法蒂瑪的三個秘密">三个秘密</a></li></ul></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="拉特朗条约">拉特朗条约</a>》 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈城国成立</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="救主慈悲敬禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%85%88%E6%82%B2%E6%95%AC%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="救主慈悲敬禮（页面不存在）">救主慈悲敬禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Mercy_(Catholic_devotion)" class="extiw" title="en:Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%82%85%E5%A4%A9%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="玛利亚·傅天娜·克瓦尔斯卡">傅天娜修女</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十二世">教宗庇護十二世</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="对天主教会的迫害与庇护十二世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3%E4%B8%8E%E5%BA%87%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对天主教会的迫害与庇护十二世（页面不存在）">对天主教会的迫害与庇护十二世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_and_Pius_XII" class="extiw" title="en:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奉献于圣母无玷圣心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%89%E7%8C%AE%E4%BA%8E%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%97%A0%E7%8E%B7%E5%9C%A3%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奉献于圣母无玷圣心（页面不存在）">奉献于圣母无玷圣心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_Consecration_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" class="extiw" title="en:Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1942年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9" title="圣母升天">确立“圣母升天”信理</a>（1950年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="若望二十三世">教宗若望二十三世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E9%80%9A%E8%AB%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="教宗若望二十三世通諭列表">通谕</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議">梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議</a>（1962年－1965年） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%B4%90%E6%9B%BC" title="若望·亨利·紐曼">紐曼枢机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%98%86" title="汉斯·昆">孔汉思神父</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="解放神學">解放神學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="保祿六世">教宗保禄六世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A6%84%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="若望保禄一世">教宗若望保禄一世猝死</a>（1978年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="若望保祿二世">教宗若望保禄二世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5" title="世界青年日">世界青年日創立</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:21%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Category:21世纪天主教">21世纪</a>以來</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%80%A7%E4%BE%B5%E5%AE%B3%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B" title="天主教會性侵害案例">性侵害案例</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%80%A7%E4%BE%B5%E5%AE%B3%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國天主教會性侵害案例（页面不存在）">美國</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="本篤十六世">教宗本笃十六世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96%E8%BE%AD%E8%81%B7" title="教宗本篤十六世辭職">2013年辭職</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84_(%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="方濟各 (教宗)">教宗方济各</a> <ul><li><a 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F" title="中世纪前期">中世纪前期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B7%E5%BE%99" title="民族大遷徙">民族大遷徙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">拜占庭帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8C%96" title="基督教化">基督教传播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%AC%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="維京時代">維京時代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="基辅罗斯">基辅罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀中期">中世紀中期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2)" title="封建制度 (歐洲)">封建制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀後期">中世紀後期</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="近代早期欧洲">近代早期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="百年战争">百年战争</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0" title="地理大发现">地理大发现</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="巴洛克艺术">巴洛克艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="三十年戰爭">三十年戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%88%E5%88%B6" title="君主專制">君主專制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="葡萄牙帝國">葡萄牙帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西班牙帝國">西班牙帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="近代早期的法國">近代法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦">波蘭立陶宛聯邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="瑞典帝國">瑞典帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭共和國">荷蘭共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大英帝国">大英帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%9C%8B" title="哈布斯堡君主國">哈布斯堡君主國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄罗斯帝国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现代史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="啟蒙時代">启蒙运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E9%9A%BE%E9%A2%98" title="李约瑟难题">大分流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="法国大革命">法国大革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="拿破崙戰爭">拿破崙戰爭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲民族主义的崛起" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rise of nationalism in Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E5%B4%9B%E8%B5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲民族主义的崛起（页面不存在）">民族主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_in_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Rise of nationalism in Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rise of nationalism in Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="塞尔维亚起义">塞尔维亚革命</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848%E5%B9%B4%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="1848年革命">1848年革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%8C%96" title="工業化">工業化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="十月革命">十月革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E9%97%B4%E6%9C%9F" title="战间期">战间期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="冷战">冷战</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E5%8C%96" title="歐洲一體化">歐洲一體化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%82%B5%E5%8B%99%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="歐洲主權債務危機">歐洲主權債務危機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="2019冠状病毒病欧洲疫情">冠狀病毒歐洲疫情</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭">俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">参见</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="西方美术史">欧洲艺术史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲基因史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetic history of Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲基因史（页面不存在）">欧洲基因史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Genetic history of Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetic history of Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地中海地区史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Mediterranean region"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地中海地区史（页面不存在）">地中海地区史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Mediterranean_region" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Mediterranean region"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Mediterranean region</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="欧洲联盟历史">欧洲联盟史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西方文明史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Western civilization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方文明史（页面不存在）">西方文明史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Western_civilization" class="extiw" title="en:History of Western civilization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Western civilization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2" title="欧洲海事史">欧洲海事史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲军事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2" title="歐洲軍事史">欧洲军事史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="西方世界与西方文化" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_culture" title="Template:Western culture"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_culture" title="Template talk:Western culture"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Western_culture" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Western culture"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="西方世界与西方文化" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="西方世界">西方世界</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">西方文化</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基礎</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E6%91%87%E7%AF%AE" title="文明摇篮">文明搖籃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="舊大陸">舊大陸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E2%80%94%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="希臘—羅馬世界">希臘-羅馬世界</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="古希腊">古希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="希腊帝国">希臘帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%8C%96%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="希臘化時代">希臘化時代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马">古罗马</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西羅馬帝國">西羅馬帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭帝國">拜占庭帝國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬帝國的遺產" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Legacy of the Roman Empire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬帝國的遺產（页面不存在）">羅馬帝國的遺產</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="extiw" title="en:Legacy of the Roman Empire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Legacy of the Roman Empire</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96_(%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96)" title="羅馬化 (文化)">羅馬化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬-日耳曼文化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romano-Germanic culture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC-%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬-日耳曼文化（页面不存在）">羅馬-日耳曼文化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano-Germanic_culture" class="extiw" title="en:Romano-Germanic culture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romano-Germanic culture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="基督教世界">基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%88%87%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="西方拉丁世界與東方希臘世界">「西方」與「東方」</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西方文明歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Western civilization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方文明歷史（页面不存在）">歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Western_civilization" class="extiw" title="en:History of Western civilization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Western civilization</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="銅時代的歐洲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bronze Age Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8A%85%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="銅時代的歐洲（页面不存在）">銅時代的歐洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Bronze Age Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bronze Age Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代">古典时代</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F" title="古典时代晚期">古典时代晚期</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F" title="中世纪前期">中世紀前期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%9B%9B%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀盛期">中世紀盛期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀後期">中世紀後期</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3" title="早期现代">近代早期</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">宗教改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0" title="地理大发现">地理大发现</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="啟蒙時代">啟蒙時代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="科学革命">科学革命</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="近代史">近代晚期</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="革命時代" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Age of Revolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="革命时代">革命時代</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Revolution" class="extiw" title="en:Age of Revolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Age of Revolution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="浪漫主義">浪漫主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E5%A5%B4%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="廢奴主義">廢奴主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE" title="解放">解放</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E5%A5%B4%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="廢奴主義">廢奴主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第一次工业革命">工业革命</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E6%B5%81" title="大分流">大分流</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="資本主義">資本主義</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="現代史">现代</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="現代主義">現代主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E9%97%B4%E6%9C%9F" title="战间期">战间期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" class="mw-redirect" title="普通選舉">普通選舉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="冷战">冷战</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="後冷戰時代">後冷戰</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="資訊時代">數位革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%81%90%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="反恐战争">反恐戰爭</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="西方文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="全音素文字">字母</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘字母">希臘字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="西里爾字母">西里爾字母</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="建築學">建築學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲藝術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Art of Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲藝術（页面不存在）">藝術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Art of Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Art of Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西方藝術史上的各個時期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Periods in Western art history"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%90%84%E5%80%8B%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方藝術史上的各個時期（页面不存在）">各個時期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" class="extiw" title="en:Periods in Western art history"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Periods in Western art history</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="公曆">公曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲美食" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="European cuisine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%BE%8E%E9%A3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲美食（页面不存在）">美食</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_cuisine" class="extiw" title="en:European cuisine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">European cuisine</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西式飲食" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Western pattern diet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%8F%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西式飲食（页面不存在）">飲食</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_pattern_diet" class="extiw" title="en:Western pattern diet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Western pattern diet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1" title="古典傳統">古典傳統</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="古典學">古典學</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西式著裝要求" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Western dress codes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%8F%E8%91%97%E8%A3%9D%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西式著裝要求（页面不存在）">服裝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_dress_codes" class="extiw" title="en:Western dress codes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Western dress codes</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西方時尚史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Western fashion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%99%82%E5%B0%9A%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方時尚史（页面不存在）">歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion" class="extiw" title="en:History of Western fashion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Western fashion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88" title="舞蹈">舞蹈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%A7%98%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="西方秘契主義">秘契主義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%93" title="西洋占星術">占星術</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲民間傳說" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="European folklore"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲民間傳說（页面不存在）">民間傳說</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_folklore" class="extiw" title="en:European folklore"><span lang="en" dir="auto">European folklore</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="移民到西方世界" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Immigration to the Western world"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91%E5%88%B0%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="移民到西方世界（页面不存在）">移民</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Western_world" class="extiw" title="en:Immigration to the Western world"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Immigration to the Western world</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西方法律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Western law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方法律（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_law" class="extiw" title="en:Western law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Western law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="欧洲语言">語言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E" title="標準歐語">標準歐語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="西方文學理論">文學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%B8" title="西方正典">經典</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="西方媒體">媒體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E9%9A%9B%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="網際網路">網際網路</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="音樂">音樂</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="詠唱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chant"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%A0%E5%94%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詠唱（页面不存在）">詠唱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chant" class="extiw" title="en:Chant"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chant</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="古典音樂">古典音樂</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲民間音樂傳統清單" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of European folk music traditions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B8%85%E5%96%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲民間音樂傳統清單（页面不存在）">民間音樂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_European_folk_music_traditions" class="extiw" title="en:List of European folk music traditions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of European folk music traditions</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="神话列表">神話</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西方繪畫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Western painting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方繪畫（页面不存在）">西洋畫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_painting" class="extiw" title="en:Western painting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Western painting</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="20世紀西方繪畫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="20th-century Western painting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=20%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20世紀西方繪畫（页面不存在）">當代</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th-century_Western_painting" class="extiw" title="en:20th-century Western painting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">20th-century Western painting</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="西方哲學">哲學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="科學哲學">科學哲學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="價值觀（西方哲學）" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Values (Western philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E8%A7%80%EF%BC%88%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="價值觀（西方哲學）（页面不存在）">價值觀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Values_(Western_philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Values (Western philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Values (Western philosophy)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西方宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Western religions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方宗教（页面不存在）">宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_religions" class="extiw" title="en:Western religions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Western religions</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="西方基督教">西方基督教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基督教在西方世界的衰落" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Decline of Christianity in the Western world"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A8%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%B0%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督教在西方世界的衰落（页面不存在）">基督教衰落</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_of_Christianity_in_the_Western_world" class="extiw" title="en:Decline of Christianity in the Western world"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Decline of Christianity in the Western world</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="世俗主義">世俗主義</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西方體育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Western sports"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方體育（页面不存在）">體育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_sports" class="extiw" title="en:Western sports"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Western sports</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="西方哲學">哲學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古希腊哲学">古希臘哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%8C%96%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="希臘化哲學">希臘化哲學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古羅馬哲學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Roman philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古羅馬哲學（页面不存在）">古羅馬哲學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Roman_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Roman philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Roman philosophy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99-%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86" title="犹太教-基督教伦理">猶太教-基督教倫理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="基督教哲学">基督教哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%99%A2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="經院哲學">經院哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="理性主義">理性主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="經驗主義">經驗主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="存在主義">存在主義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="存在主義神學">存在主義神學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="人文主義">人文主義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基督教人文主义">基督教人文主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗人文主义">世俗人文主義</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="自由主義">自由主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="保守主義">保守主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="社會主義">社會主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歐陸哲學">歐陸哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="分析哲學">分析哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="後結構主義">後結構主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AC%E5%AE%B9" title="寬容">寬容</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BD%E5%AE%B9%E7%9A%84%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="宽容的悖论">悖論</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="相對主義">相對主義</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圍線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peritrope"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8D%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圍線（页面不存在）">圍線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritrope" class="extiw" title="en:Peritrope"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peritrope</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="大西洋主義">大西洋主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="主權主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sovereigntism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="主权主义">主權主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereigntism" class="extiw" title="en:Sovereigntism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sovereigntism</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲價值觀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="European values"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E8%A7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲價值觀（页面不存在）">歐洲價值觀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_values" class="extiw" title="en:European values"><span lang="en" dir="auto">European values</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12562#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12562#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12562#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reformation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1092555/">FAST</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Réforme protestante [+ subd. géogr.]"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119404792">法国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Réforme protestante [+ subd. géogr.]"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119404792">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reformation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4048946-2">德国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529464505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reformation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85112228">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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