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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Core_tenets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Core tenets</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Core_tenets-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Core tenets subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Core_tenets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participatory_democracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participatory_democracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Participatory democracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Participatory_democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Other issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Local movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Global organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Global_Green_meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_Green_meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Global Green meetings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_Green_meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Green_federations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_federations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Green federations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_federations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Green_political_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_political_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Green political parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_political_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Green politics</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B8%D0%B0%D2%B5%D3%99%D0%BE%D1%83_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ииаҵәоу аполитика – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ииаҵәоу аполитика" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="سياسة خضراء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سياسة خضراء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_verde" title="Política verde – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Política verde" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C5%9F%C4%B1l_siyas%C9%99t" title="Yaşıl siyasət – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaşıl siyasət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%CC%8Dk-sek_ch%C3%A8ng-t%C4%AB" title="Le̍k-sek chèng-tī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Le̍k-sek chèng-tī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologiezh_politikel" title="Ekologiezh politikel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ekologiezh politikel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_verda" title="Política verda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Política verda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelen%C3%A1_politika" title="Zelená politika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zelená politika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8n_ideologi" title="Grøn ideologi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grøn ideologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCne_Politik" title="Grüne Politik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grüne Politik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roheline_ideoloogia" title="Roheline ideoloogia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roheline ideoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Οικολογικό κίνημα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οικολογικό κίνημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_verde" title="Política verde – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Política verde" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verda_politiko" title="Verda politiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Verda politiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politika_berde" title="Politika berde – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Politika berde" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="سیاست‌های سبز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیاست‌های سبز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cologie_politique" title="Écologie politique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écologie politique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_verde" title="Política verde – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Política verde" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%83%89%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" title="녹색정치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="녹색정치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B9_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կանաչ քաղաքականություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանաչ քաղաքականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelena_politika" title="Zelena politika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zelena politika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politik_hijau" title="Politik hijau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Politik hijau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologia_viridis" title="Ideologia viridis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ideologia viridis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Za%C4%BC%C4%81_politika" title="Zaļā politika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zaļā politika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9ng_Politik" title="Gréng Politik – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gréng Politik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%B6ldpolitika" title="Zöldpolitika – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zöldpolitika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зелена политика – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зелена политика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ജൈവരാഷ്ട്രീയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൈവരാഷ്ട്രീയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groene_politiek" title="Groene politiek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groene politiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%91%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="緑の政治 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="緑の政治" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nn_ideologi" title="Grønn ideologi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grønn ideologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8n_ideologi" title="Grøn ideologi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grøn ideologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਗ੍ਰੀਨ ਰਾਜਨੀਤੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗ੍ਰੀਨ ਰਾਜਨੀਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zielona_polityka" title="Zielona polityka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zielona polityka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_verde" title="Política verde – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Política verde" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politic%C4%83_verde" title="Politică verde – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Politică verde" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зелёная политика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зелёная политика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Green politics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%BD%DA%AA%D8%B3" title="ايڪو پاليٽڪس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ايڪو پاليٽڪس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelen%C3%A1_politika" title="Zelená politika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zelená politika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelena_politika" title="Zelena politika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zelena politika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B2" title="سیاسەتی سەوز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیاسەتی سەوز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зелена политика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зелена политика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelena_politika" title="Zelena politika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zelena politika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6n_ideologi" title="Grön ideologi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grön ideologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Green_politics" title="Category:Green politics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Green politics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;background:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunflower_(Green_symbol).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sunflower symbol"><img alt="Sunflower symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg/90px-Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg/135px-Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg/180px-Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Core topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_litigation" title="Climate change litigation">Climate change litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels_lobby" title="Fossil fuels lobby">Fossil fuels lobby</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Green politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_party" title="Green party">Green party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_green_politics" title="Outline of green politics">List of topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_climate_change" title="Politics of climate change">Politics of climate change</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Four pillars</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecosophy" title="Ecosophy">Ecological wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_democracy" title="Grassroots democracy">Grassroots democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Perspectives</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alter-globalization" title="Alter-globalization">Alter-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_green_environmentalism" title="Bright green environmentalism">Bright green environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticisms_of_globalization" title="Criticisms of globalization">Criticisms of globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_hands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirty hands">Dirty hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment" title="Disinvestment">Disinvestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoauthoritarianism" title="Ecoauthoritarianism">Ecoauthoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocentrism" title="Ecocentrism">Ecocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofascism" title="Ecofascism">Ecofascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-nationalism" title="Eco-nationalism">Eco-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">Green conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_left" title="Green left">Green left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_liberalism" title="Green liberalism">Green liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">Green libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zionism" title="Green Zionism">Green Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_ecology" title="Queer ecology">Queer ecology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Greens_Federation" title="Asia Pacific Greens Federation">Asia Pacific Greens Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">European Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Green_Parties_of_Africa" title="Federation of Green Parties of Africa">Federation of Green Parties of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Green_Parties_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas">Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Young_European_Greens" title="Federation of Young European Greens">Federation of Young European Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Greens" title="Global Greens">Global Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Young_Greens" title="Global Young Greens">Global Young Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Ecological_Parties" title="World Ecological Parties">World Ecological Parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fee_and_dividend" title="Carbon fee and dividend">Carbon fee and dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">Carbon tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Climate change mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_justice" title="Climate justice">Climate justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_target" title="Climate target">Climate target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">Conservation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Corporate political activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-investing" title="Eco-investing">Eco-investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">Ecological economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_modernization" title="Ecological modernization">Ecological modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-tariff" title="Eco-tariff">Eco-tariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecotax" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecotax">Ecotax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-terrorism" title="Eco-terrorism">Eco-terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_conflict" title="Environmental conflict">conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of agriculture">effects of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of aviation">effects of aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_finance" title="Environmental finance">finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_issues" title="List of environmental issues">issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_justice" title="Environmental justice">justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_planning" title="Environmental planning">planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_pricing_reform" title="Environmental pricing reform">pricing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">technology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-environmentalism" title="Anti-environmentalism">opposition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_skepticism" title="Environmental skepticism">Environmental skepticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_music" title="Environmentalism in music">in music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_phase-out" title="Fossil fuel phase-out">Fossil fuel phase-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_development" title="Green development">development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_growth" title="Green growth">growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_grabbing" title="Green grabbing">grabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greening" title="Greening">greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_imperialism" title="Green imperialism">imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_industrial_policy" title="Green industrial policy">industrial policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_infrastructure" title="Green infrastructure">infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_job" title="Green job">job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_recovery" title="Green recovery">recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_retrofit" class="mw-redirect" title="Green retrofit">retrofit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robyn_Eckersley#The_Green_State" title="Robyn Eckersley">state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_theory" title="Green theory">theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_transport_hierarchy" title="Green transport hierarchy">transport hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_vehicle" title="Green vehicle">vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwashing" title="Greenwashing">washing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_economy" title="Low-carbon economy">Low-carbon economy</a></li> <li>List of environmental incidents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_conflicts" title="List of environmental conflicts">conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_killings" title="List of environmental killings">killings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ecology" title="Political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_engineering" title="Sustainable engineering">engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_refurbishment" title="Sustainable refurbishment">refurbishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">transport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_coal" title="War on coal">War on coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_conflict" title="Water conflict">Water conflict</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Green_politics" title="Template:Green politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Green_politics" title="Template talk:Green politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Green_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Green politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Environmental_economics" title="Category:Environmental economics">a series</a> about</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_economics" title="Environmental economics">Environmental economics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cash_template.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cash_template.svg/90px-Cash_template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cash_template.svg/135px-Cash_template.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cash_template.svg/180px-Cash_template.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="32" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Carbon price</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon credit">Carbon credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_emission_trading" title="Carbon emission trading">Carbon emission trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fee_and_dividend" title="Carbon fee and dividend">Carbon fee and dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon finance">Carbon finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_offset" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon offset">Carbon offset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">Carbon tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emissions_trading" title="Emissions trading">Emissions trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_tax" title="Environmental tax">Environmental tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_carbon_trading" title="Personal carbon trading">Personal carbon trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigovian_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigovian tax">Pigovian tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_cost_of_carbon" title="Social cost of carbon">Social cost of carbon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Climate change</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Climate change mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_miles" title="Food miles">Food miles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bright_green_environmentalism" title="Bright green environmentalism">Bright green environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sustainability" title="Corporate sustainability">Corporate sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment" title="Disinvestment">Disinvestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco_commerce" title="Eco commerce">Eco commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-innovation" title="Eco-innovation">Eco-innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-investing" title="Eco-investing">Eco-investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">Ecological economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">Ecological footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_modernization" title="Ecological modernization">Ecological modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecotechnology" title="Ecotechnology">Ecotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">Efficient energy use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_conservation" title="Energy conservation">Energy conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_accounting" title="Environmental accounting">accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_design" title="Environmental design">design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_enterprise" title="Environmental enterprise">enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_finance" title="Environmental finance">finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_full-cost_accounting" title="Environmental full-cost accounting">full-cost accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_design" title="Environmental impact design">impact design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_planning" title="Environmental planning">planning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_banking" title="Ethical banking">Ethical banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_environmentalism" title="Fiscal environmentalism">Fiscal environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_friendly" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental friendly">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_accounting" title="Green accounting">accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_building" title="Green building">building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_development" title="Green development">development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_growth" title="Green growth">growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_job" title="Green job">job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_marketing" title="Green marketing">marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Green paradox">paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_recovery" title="Green recovery">recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_trading" title="Green trading">trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_vehicle" title="Green vehicle">vehicle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-performance_buildings" title="High-performance buildings">High-performance buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_investing" title="Impact investing">Impact investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_abatement_cost" title="Marginal abatement cost">Marginal abatement cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource_economics" title="Natural resource economics">Natural resource economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollution_haven_hypothesis" title="Pollution haven hypothesis">Pollution haven hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_accounting" title="Social accounting">Social accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socially_responsible_business" title="Socially responsible business">Socially responsible business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_return_on_investment" title="Social return on investment">Social return on investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_accounting" title="Sustainability accounting">accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_organization" title="Sustainability organization">organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_reporting" title="Sustainability reporting">reporting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable advertising">advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_capitalism" title="Sustainable capitalism">capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_consumer_behaviour" title="Sustainable consumer behaviour">consumer behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_consumption" title="Sustainable consumption">consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design_standards" title="Sustainable design standards">design standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development_goals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable development goals">development goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_finance" title="Sustainable finance">finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_food_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable food systems">food systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_industries" title="Sustainable industries">industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_livelihood" title="Sustainable livelihood">livelihood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_management" title="Sustainable management">management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable market">market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_procurement" title="Sustainable procurement">procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_refurbishment" title="Sustainable refurbishment">refurbishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sourcing" title="Sustainable sourcing">sourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">transport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoeconomics" title="Thermoeconomics">Thermoeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Used_good" title="Used good">Used good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_of_Earth" title="Value of Earth">Value of Earth</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Energy transition</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000-watt_society" title="2000-watt society">2000-watt society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_fuel" title="Alternative fuel">Alternative fuel</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">Carbon neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon-neutral_fuel" title="Carbon-neutral fuel">Carbon-neutral fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">Environmental technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed-in_tariff" title="Feed-in tariff">Feed-in tariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_divestment" title="Fossil fuel divestment">Fossil fuel divestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_phase-out" title="Fossil fuel phase-out">Fossil fuel phase-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_economy" title="Low-carbon economy">Low-carbon economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_metering" title="Net metering">Net metering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialization" title="Renewable energy commercialization">Renewable energy commercialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">Sustainable energy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_leakage" title="Carbon leakage">Carbon leakage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_pricing_reform" title="Environmental pricing reform">Environmental pricing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_tariff" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental tariff">Environmental tariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_public_transport" title="Free public transport">Free public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_industrial_policy" title="Green industrial policy">Green industrial policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Green politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_subsidies" title="Rail subsidies">Rail subsidies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Green_economics_sidebar" title="Template:Green economics sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Green_economics_sidebar" title="Template talk:Green economics sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Green_economics_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Green economics sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">Party politics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_centrism" title="Radical centrism">Radical centre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideologies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Green politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_party" title="Bloc party">Bloc party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_party" title="Elite party">Elite party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartel_party_theory" title="Cartel party theory">Cartel party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_competition" title="Electoral competition">Competitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">Catch-all party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business-firm_party" title="Business-firm party">Entrepreneurial party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_party" title="Ethnic party">Ethnic party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_party" title="Major party">Major party</a> / <a href="/wiki/Minor_party" title="Minor party">Minor party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_politics" title="Mass politics">Mass party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruling_party" title="Ruling party">Ruling party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(politics)" title="Opposition (politics)">Opposition party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_opposition" title="Parliamentary opposition">Parliamentary opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_power" title="Party of power">Party of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_party_status" title="Official party status">Official party status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-issue_politics#Single-issue_parties" title="Single-issue politics">Single-issue party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_political_party" title="Transnational political party">Transnational</a> / <a href="/wiki/Political_international" title="Political international">International</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Leaders and organization</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backbencher" title="Backbencher">Backbencher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucus_chair" title="Caucus chair">Caucus chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbencher" title="Frontbencher">Frontbencher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_candidate" title="Lead candidate">Lead candidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition" title="Leader of the Opposition">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majority_leader" title="Majority leader">Majority leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_leader" title="Minority leader">Minority leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_faction" title="Political faction">Political faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">Parliamentary leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_chair" title="Party chair">Party chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Party leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_spokesperson" title="Party spokesperson">Party spokesperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_(title)" title="Secretary (title)">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_cabinet" title="Shadow cabinet">Shadow cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whip_(politics)" title="Whip (politics)">Whip</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Internal elections</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">Primary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_election" title="Leadership election">Leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_list" title="Open list">Open list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_conference" title="Party conference">Party convention/conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_convention" title="Leadership convention">Leadership convention</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Party_discipline" title="Party discipline">Party discipline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscience_vote" title="Conscience vote">Conscience vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_the_floor" title="Crossing the floor">Crossing the floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_discipline" title="Party discipline">Party discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_line_(politics)" title="Party line (politics)">Party line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party-line_vote" title="Party-line vote">Party-line vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_switching" title="Party switching">Party switching</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Party_system" title="Party system">Party systems</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0em;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party</a></li></ul></div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominant-party_system" title="Dominant-party system">Dominant-party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">Two-party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">Multi-party</a></li></ul></div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-partisan_democracy" title="Non-partisan democracy">Non-partisan</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Coalition" title="Coalition">Coalitions</a> between parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group" title="Parliamentary group">Parliamentary group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divided_government" title="Divided government">Divided government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">Coalition government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">Confidence and supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_democracy" title="Consensus democracy">Consensus government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_coalition" title="Grand coalition">Grand coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">Hung parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">Majority government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">Minority government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_unity_government" title="National unity government">National unity government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotation_government" title="Rotation government">Rotation government</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_political_parties" title="Lists of political parties">Lists of political parties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">Ruling parties by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_region" title="List of political parties by region">Political parties by region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banned_political_parties" title="List of banned political parties">Banned political parties</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Party_politics" title="Template:Party politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Party_politics" title="Template talk:Party politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Party_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Party politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Green politics</b>, or <b>ecopolitics</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Political_ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Political ideology">political ideology</a> that aims to foster an ecologically sustainable society often, but not always, rooted in <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">nonviolence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grassroots_democracy" title="Grassroots democracy">grassroots democracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wall_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wall-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReedRothenberg1993_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReedRothenberg1993-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It began taking shape in the western world in the 1970s; since then <a href="/wiki/Green_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Green parties">green parties</a> have developed and established themselves in many countries around the globe and have achieved some electoral success. </p><p>The political term green was used initially in relation to <i><a href="/wiki/Alliance_%2790/The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance '90/The Greens">die Grünen</a></i> (German for "the Greens"),<sup id="cite_ref-Wall2010_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wall2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burchell2002_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burchell2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a green party formed in the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <a href="/wiki/Political_ecology" title="Political ecology">political ecology</a> is sometimes used in academic circles, but it has come to represent an interdisciplinary field of study as the academic discipline offers wide-ranging studies integrating ecological social sciences with <a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">political economy</a> in topics such as degradation and marginalization, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_conflict" title="Environmental conflict">environmental conflict</a>, conservation and control and environmental identities and social movements.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Supporters of green politics share many ideas with the <a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">conservation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">environmental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminist_movement" title="Feminist movement">feminist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">peace movements</a>. In addition to democracy and ecological issues, green politics is concerned with <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a>, social justice, nonviolence, sometimes variants of <a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">localism</a> and tends to support <a href="/wiki/Social_progressivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progressivism">social progressivism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Green party platforms are largely considered left in the <a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">political spectrum</a>. The green ideology has connections with various other ecocentric political ideologies, including <a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">ecofeminism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">eco-socialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">green anarchism</a>, but to what extent these can be seen as forms of green politics is a matter of debate.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> green political philosophy developed, there also came into separate existence opposite movements on the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> that include ecological components such as <a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">eco-capitalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">green conservatism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influences">Influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:209px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_Gandhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg/139px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg/209px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg/278px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="3040" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:209px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg/145px-Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg/218px-Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg/290px-Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2089" data-file-height="3027" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a>, influential early green anarchist who wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Walden" title="Walden">Walden</a></i></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Adherents to green politics tend to consider it to be part of a higher worldview and not simply a political ideology. Green politics draws its ethical stance from a variety of sources, from the values of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a>, to the ethics of <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jakob_von_Uexk%C3%BCll" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakob von Uexküll">Jakob von Uexküll</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These people influenced green thought in their advocacy of long-term <a href="/wiki/Seven_generation_sustainability" title="Seven generation sustainability">seventh generation</a> foresight, and on the personal responsibility of every individual to make moral choices. </p><p>Unease about adverse consequences of human actions on nature predates the modern concept of <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalism</a>. Social commentators as far apart as ancient Rome and China complained of air, water and <a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution" title="Noise pollution">noise pollution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The philosophical roots of environmentalism can be traced back to enlightenment thinkers such as <a href="/wiki/Rousseau" class="mw-redirect" title="Rousseau">Rousseau</a> in France, and later the author and naturalist <a href="/wiki/Thoreau" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoreau">Thoreau</a> in America.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organised environmentalism began in late 19th-century Europe and the United States, as a reaction to the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> with its emphasis on unbridled economic expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Green politics" first began as conservation and preservation movements, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra Club">Sierra Club</a>, founded in San Francisco in 1892. </p><p>Left-green platforms of the form that make up the green parties today draw terminology from the science of <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a>, and policy from <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">deep ecology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">libertarian socialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_possibilism" title="Libertarian possibilism">libertarian possibilism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">eco-socialism</a>, and/or <a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (theory)">social ecology</a> or <a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">green libertarianism</a>. In the 1970s, as these movements grew in influence, green politics arose as a new philosophy which synthesized their goals. The Green Party political movement is not to be confused with the unrelated fact that in some far-right and fascist parties, nationalism has on occasion been tied into a sort of green politics which promotes environmentalism as a form of pride in the "motherland" according to a minority of authors.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_development">Early development</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petra_Kelly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Petra_Kelly.jpg/129px-Petra_Kelly.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Petra_Kelly.jpg/194px-Petra_Kelly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Petra_Kelly.jpg/258px-Petra_Kelly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="704" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">German Green Party co-founder <a href="/wiki/Petra_Kelly" title="Petra Kelly">Petra Kelly</a>, first leader and theorist of green politics</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marina_Silva_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Marina_Silva_crop.jpg/133px-Marina_Silva_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Marina_Silva_crop.jpg/200px-Marina_Silva_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Marina_Silva_crop.jpg/266px-Marina_Silva_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="1852" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Marina_Silva" title="Marina Silva">Marina Silva</a>, influential Brazilian green politician</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:120px;max-width:120px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cohn-Bendit_at_Paris_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Cohn-Bendit_at_Paris_2006.jpg/118px-Cohn-Bendit_at_Paris_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Cohn-Bendit_at_Paris_2006.jpg/177px-Cohn-Bendit_at_Paris_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Cohn-Bendit_at_Paris_2006.jpg/236px-Cohn-Bendit_at_Paris_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="1791" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cohn-Bendit" title="Daniel Cohn-Bendit">Daniel Cohn-Bendit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">contracultural</a> leader of <a href="/wiki/May_1968_events_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1968 events in France">May 1968 events in France</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In June 1970, a Dutch group called <a href="/wiki/Kabouters" title="Kabouters">Kabouters</a> won 5 of the 45 seats on the <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> Gemeenteraad (City Council), as well as two seats each on councils in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a> and one seat apiece in <a href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkmaar" title="Alkmaar">Alkmaar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>. The Kabouters were an outgrowth of <a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a>'s environmental White Plans and they proposed "Groene Plannen" ("Green Plans").<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Values_Party_canvassing_at_Nambassa_1979_%26_1981,_New_Zealand_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Values_Party_canvassing_at_Nambassa_1979_%26_1981%2C_New_Zealand_1.jpg/220px-Values_Party_canvassing_at_Nambassa_1979_%26_1981%2C_New_Zealand_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Values_Party_canvassing_at_Nambassa_1979_%26_1981%2C_New_Zealand_1.jpg/330px-Values_Party_canvassing_at_Nambassa_1979_%26_1981%2C_New_Zealand_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Values_Party_canvassing_at_Nambassa_1979_%26_1981%2C_New_Zealand_1.jpg/440px-Values_Party_canvassing_at_Nambassa_1979_%26_1981%2C_New_Zealand_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>People canvassing for the <a href="/wiki/Values_Party" title="Values Party">Values Party</a>, considered the world's first national-level environmentalist party, at <a href="/wiki/Nambassa" title="Nambassa">Nambassa</a>,1979</figcaption></figure> <p>The first political party to be created with its basis in environmental issues was the <a href="/wiki/United_Tasmania_Group" title="United Tasmania Group">United Tasmania Group</a>, founded in Australia in March 1972 to fight against deforestation and the creation of a dam that would damage <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pedder" title="Lake Pedder">Lake Pedder</a>; whilst it only gained three percent in state elections, it inspired the creation of Green parties all over the world.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1972, a meeting at <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a> launched the <i><a href="/wiki/Values_Party" title="Values Party">Values Party</a></i>, the world's first countrywide green party to contest Parliamentary seats nationally.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1972, Europe's first green party, <a href="/wiki/PEOPLE_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="PEOPLE Party">PEOPLE</a> in the UK came into existence.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German Green Party was not the first Green Party in Europe to have members elected nationally but the impression was created that they had been, because they attracted the most media attention: The <a href="/wiki/Alliance_%2790/The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance '90/The Greens">German Greens</a>, contended in their first national election in the <a href="/wiki/1980_West_German_federal_election" title="1980 West German federal election">1980 federal election</a>. They started as a provisional coalition of civic groups and political campaigns which, together, felt their interests were not expressed by the conventional parties. After contesting the <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1979 European Parliament election in West Germany">1979 European elections</a> they held a conference which identified Four Pillars of the Green Party which all groups in the original alliance could agree as the basis of a common Party platform: welding these groups together as a single Party. This statement of principles has since been utilised by many Green Parties around the world. It was this party that first coined the term "Green" ("Grün" in German) and adopted the <a href="/wiki/Sunflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflower">sunflower</a> symbol. The term "Green" was coined by one of the founders of the German Green Party, <a href="/wiki/Petra_Kelly" title="Petra Kelly">Petra Kelly</a>, after she visited Australia and saw the actions of the <a href="/wiki/Builders_Labourers_Federation" title="Builders Labourers Federation">Builders Labourers Federation</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Green_ban" title="Green ban">green ban</a> actions.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1983_West_German_federal_election" title="1983 West German federal election">1983 federal election</a>, the Greens won 27 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Further_developments">Further developments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Canadian foray into green politics took place in the Maritimes when 11 independent candidates (including one in Montreal and one in Toronto) ran in the 1980 federal election under the banner of the Small Party. Inspired by Schumacher's Small is Beautiful, the Small Party candidates ran for the expressed purpose of putting forward an anti-nuclear platform in that election. It was not registered as an official party, but some participants in that effort went on to form the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party of Canada</a> in 1983 (the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Ontario" title="Green Party of Ontario">Ontario Greens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_British_Columbia" title="Green Party of British Columbia">British Columbia Greens</a> were also formed that year). <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party of Canada</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a> was the instigator and one of the candidates of the Small Party and she was eventually elected as a member of the Green Party in <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 Canadian federal election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Finland, the <a href="/wiki/Green_League" title="Green League">Green League</a> became the first European Green Party to form part of a state-level Cabinet in 1995. The German Greens followed, forming a government with the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party of Germany</a> (the "<a href="/wiki/Red-Green_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-Green Alliance">Red-Green Alliance</a>") from 1998 to 2005. In 2001, they reached an agreement to end reliance on <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> in Germany, and agreed to remain in coalition and support the German government of Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">2001 Afghan War</a>. This put them at odds with many Greens worldwide, but demonstrated that they were capable of difficult political tradeoffs. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:129px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sergio_Fajardo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sergio_Fajardo.jpg/87px-Sergio_Fajardo.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sergio_Fajardo.jpg/131px-Sergio_Fajardo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sergio_Fajardo.jpg/174px-Sergio_Fajardo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:129px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Claudia_L%C3%B3pez.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Claudia_L%C3%B3pez.png/97px-Claudia_L%C3%B3pez.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Claudia_L%C3%B3pez.png/146px-Claudia_L%C3%B3pez.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Claudia_L%C3%B3pez.png/194px-Claudia_L%C3%B3pez.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="629" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joschka_Fischer_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Joschka_Fischer_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/108px-Joschka_Fischer_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Joschka_Fischer_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/162px-Joschka_Fischer_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Joschka_Fischer_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/216px-Joschka_Fischer_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2418" data-file-height="2548" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:78px;max-width:78px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Femke_Halsema_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Femke_Halsema_2.jpg/76px-Femke_Halsema_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Femke_Halsema_2.jpg/114px-Femke_Halsema_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Femke_Halsema_2.jpg/152px-Femke_Halsema_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Fajardo" title="Sergio Fajardo">Sergio Fajardo</a>, ex-mayor of <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellín</a>; <a href="/wiki/Claudia_L%C3%B3pez_Hern%C3%A1ndez" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudia López Hernández">Claudia López Hernández</a>, mayor of <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joschka_Fischer" title="Joschka Fischer">Joschka Fischer</a>, ex <a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Vice-Chancellor of Germany">Vice-Chancellor of Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Femke_Halsema" title="Femke Halsema">Femke Halsema</a>, mayor of <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></div></div></div></div> <p>In Latvia, <a href="/wiki/Indulis_Emsis" title="Indulis Emsis">Indulis Emsis</a>, leader of the Green Party and part of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Greens_and_Farmers" title="Union of Greens and Farmers">Union of Greens and Farmers</a>, an alliance of a Nordic agrarian party and the Green Party, was <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Prime Minister of Latvia</a> for ten months in 2004, making him the first <a href="/wiki/Green_party" title="Green party">Green</a> politician to lead a country in the history of the world. In 2015, Emsis' party colleague, <a href="/wiki/Raimonds_V%C4%93jonis" title="Raimonds Vējonis">Raimonds Vējonis</a>, was elected President of Latvia by the Latvian parliament. Vējonis became the first green <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> worldwide. </p><p>In the German state of <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württenburg</a>, the Green Party became the leader of the coalition with the Social Democrats after finishing second in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election" title="2011 Baden-Württemberg state election">2011 Baden-Württemberg state election</a>. In the following <a href="/wiki/2016_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election" title="2016 Baden-Württemberg state election">state election, 2016</a>, the Green Party became the strongest party for the first time in a German <a href="/wiki/Landtag" title="Landtag">Landtag</a>. </p><p>In 2016, the former leader of the Austrian <a href="/wiki/The_Greens_%E2%80%93_The_Green_Alternative" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greens – The Green Alternative">Greens</a> (1997 to 2008), <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Alexander Van der Bellen</a>, officially running as an independent, won the <a href="/wiki/2016_Austrian_presidential_election" title="2016 Austrian presidential election">2016 Austrian presidential election</a>, making him the second green head of state worldwide and the first directly elected by popular vote. Van der Bellen placed second in the election's first round with 21.3% of the vote, the best result for the Austrian Greens in their history. He won the second-round run-off against the far-right <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Hofer" title="Norbert Hofer">Norbert Hofer</a> with 53.8% of the votes, making him the first president of Austria who was not backed by either the People's Party or the Social Democratic Party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Core_tenets">Core tenets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Core tenets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4pilarsgreens.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/4pilarsgreens.png/278px-4pilarsgreens.png" decoding="async" width="278" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/4pilarsgreens.png/417px-4pilarsgreens.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/4pilarsgreens.png/556px-4pilarsgreens.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The four green pillars</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Derek_Wall" title="Derek Wall">Derek Wall</a>, a prominent British green proponent, there are four pillars that define green politics:<sup id="cite_ref-Wall_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wall-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">Ecological wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_democracy" title="Grassroots democracy">Grassroots democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li></ul> <p>In 1984, the Green Committees of Correspondence in the United States expanded the Four Pillars into Ten Key Values,<sup id="cite_ref-Environmental_Activism_book_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Environmental_Activism_book-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which further included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community-based_economics" title="Community-based economics">Community-based economics</a></li> <li>Post-patriarchal values (later translated to <a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">ecofeminism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_care" title="Ethics of care">Ethics of care</a>)</li> <li>Respect for diversity</li> <li>Global responsibility</li> <li>Future focus</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6pilarsgreens.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/6pilarsgreens.png/283px-6pilarsgreens.png" decoding="async" width="283" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/6pilarsgreens.png/425px-6pilarsgreens.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/6pilarsgreens.png/566px-6pilarsgreens.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The six guiding principles</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2001, the <a href="/wiki/Global_Greens" title="Global Greens">Global Greens</a> were organized as an international green movement. The <a href="/wiki/Global_Greens_Charter" title="Global Greens Charter">Global Greens Charter</a> identified six guiding principles: </p> <ul><li>Ecological wisdom</li> <li>Social justice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_democracy" title="Participatory democracy">Participatory democracy</a></li> <li>Nonviolence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li> <li>Respect for diversity</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics">Economics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism (Bookchin)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Green economics">Green economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postgrowth" class="mw-redirect" title="Postgrowth">Postgrowth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Common_good_(economics)" title="Common good (economics)">Common good (economics)</a></div> <p>Green economics focuses on the importance of the health of the <a href="/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere">biosphere</a> to <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">human well-being</a>. Consequently, most Greens distrust conventional capitalism, as it tends to emphasize <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">economic growth</a> while ignoring ecological health; the "<a href="/wiki/Full_cost_accounting" class="mw-redirect" title="Full cost accounting">full cost</a>" of economic growth often includes damage to the biosphere, which is unacceptable according to green politics. Green economics considers such growth to be "<a href="/wiki/Uneconomic_growth" title="Uneconomic growth">uneconomic growth</a>"— material increase that nonetheless lowers the overall quality of life. Green economics inherently takes a longer-term perspective than conventional economics, because such a loss in quality of life is often delayed. According to green economics, the present generation should not borrow from future generations, but rather attempt to achieve what <a href="/wiki/Tim_Jackson_(economist)" title="Tim Jackson (economist)">Tim Jackson</a> calls "prosperity without growth". </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan_George_(political_scientist)_-_Kirchentag_Cologne_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Susan_George_%28political_scientist%29_-_Kirchentag_Cologne_2007.jpg/150px-Susan_George_%28political_scientist%29_-_Kirchentag_Cologne_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Susan_George_%28political_scientist%29_-_Kirchentag_Cologne_2007.jpg/225px-Susan_George_%28political_scientist%29_-_Kirchentag_Cologne_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Susan_George_%28political_scientist%29_-_Kirchentag_Cologne_2007.jpg/300px-Susan_George_%28political_scientist%29_-_Kirchentag_Cologne_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Susan_George_(political_scientist)" title="Susan George (political scientist)">Susan George (political scientist)</a>, theorist of <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_development" title="International development">international development</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some Greens<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2024)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> refer to <a href="/wiki/Productivism" title="Productivism">productivism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumerism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scientism" title="Scientism">scientism</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as "grey", as contrasted with "green", economic views. "Grey" approaches focus on behavioral changes.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Therefore, adherents to green politics advocate economic policies designed to safeguard the environment. Greens want governments to stop <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidizing</a> companies that waste resources or pollute the natural world, subsidies that Greens refer to as "dirty subsidies". Some currents of green politics place automobile and <a href="/wiki/Agribusiness" title="Agribusiness">agribusiness</a> subsidies in this category, as they may harm human health. On the contrary, Greens look to a <a href="/wiki/Green_tax_shift" class="mw-redirect" title="Green tax shift">green tax shift</a> that are seen to encourage both producers and consumers to make ecologically friendly choices. </p><p>Many aspects of green economics could be considered <a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-globalization">anti-globalist</a>. According to many left-wing greens, <a href="/wiki/Economic_globalization" title="Economic globalization">economic globalization</a> is considered a threat to well-being, which will replace natural environments and local cultures with a single trade economy, termed the <a href="/wiki/Global_economic_monoculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Global economic monoculture">global economic monoculture</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This is not a universal policy of greens, as <a href="/wiki/Green_liberalism" title="Green liberalism">green liberals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">green conservatives</a> support a regulated <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> economy with additional measures to advance <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>. </p><p>Since green economics emphasizes biospheric health and <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, an issue outside the traditional left-right spectrum, different currents within green politics incorporate ideas from socialism and capitalism. Greens on the Left are often identified as <a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">eco-socialists</a>, who merge ecology and environmentalism with socialism and <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> and blame the capitalist system for <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">environmental degradation</a>, social injustice, inequality and conflict. <a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">eco-capitalists</a>, on the other hand, believe that the <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> system, with some modification, is capable of addressing ecological problems. This belief is documented in the business experiences of eco-capitalists in the book, <i>The Gort Cloud</i> that describes the <a href="/wiki/Gort_cloud" title="Gort cloud">gort cloud</a> as the green community that supports eco-friendly businesses. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tim_Jackson,_2017_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tim Jackson, author of Prosperity Without Growth"><img alt="Tim Jackson, author of Prosperity Without Growth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tim_Jackson%2C_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/127px-Tim_Jackson%2C_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tim_Jackson%2C_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/191px-Tim_Jackson%2C_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tim_Jackson%2C_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/254px-Tim_Jackson%2C_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1674" data-file-height="2369" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Jackson_(economist)" title="Tim Jackson (economist)">Tim Jackson</a>, author of <a href="/wiki/Prosperity_Without_Growth" title="Prosperity Without Growth">Prosperity Without Growth</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 83.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois-Bausch--w.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="François Bausch, member of ATTAC, theorist of the Tobin Tax"><img alt="François Bausch, member of ATTAC, theorist of the Tobin Tax" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fran%C3%A7ois-Bausch--w.jpg/125px-Fran%C3%A7ois-Bausch--w.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fran%C3%A7ois-Bausch--w.jpg/188px-Fran%C3%A7ois-Bausch--w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fran%C3%A7ois-Bausch--w.jpg/250px-Fran%C3%A7ois-Bausch--w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1698" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bausch" title="François Bausch">François Bausch</a>, member of <a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Taxation_of_Financial_Transactions_and_for_Citizens%27_Action" title="Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions and for Citizens' Action">ATTAC</a>, theorist of the <a href="/wiki/Tobin_Tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobin Tax">Tobin Tax</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:El_periodista_brit%C3%A1nico_Paul_Mason,_fotografiado_en_Madrid_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paul Mason, theorist of post-capitalism and universal basic income"><img alt="Paul Mason, theorist of post-capitalism and universal basic income" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/El_periodista_brit%C3%A1nico_Paul_Mason%2C_fotografiado_en_Madrid_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-El_periodista_brit%C3%A1nico_Paul_Mason%2C_fotografiado_en_Madrid_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/El_periodista_brit%C3%A1nico_Paul_Mason%2C_fotografiado_en_Madrid_%28cropped%29.jpg/202px-El_periodista_brit%C3%A1nico_Paul_Mason%2C_fotografiado_en_Madrid_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/El_periodista_brit%C3%A1nico_Paul_Mason%2C_fotografiado_en_Madrid_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-El_periodista_brit%C3%A1nico_Paul_Mason%2C_fotografiado_en_Madrid_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1851" data-file-height="2469" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mason_(journalist)" title="Paul Mason (journalist)">Paul Mason</a>, theorist of <a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">post-capitalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">universal basic income</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serge_Latouche_-_Festival_Economia_2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Serge Latouche, theorist of degrowth"><img alt="Serge Latouche, theorist of degrowth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Serge_Latouche_-_Festival_Economia_2012.JPG/320px-Serge_Latouche_-_Festival_Economia_2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Serge_Latouche_-_Festival_Economia_2012.JPG/480px-Serge_Latouche_-_Festival_Economia_2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Serge_Latouche_-_Festival_Economia_2012.JPG/639px-Serge_Latouche_-_Festival_Economia_2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2398" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Latouche" title="Serge Latouche">Serge Latouche</a>, theorist of <a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">degrowth</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Participatory_democracy">Participatory democracy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Participatory democracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saskia_Sassen_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Saskia_Sassen_2012.jpg/150px-Saskia_Sassen_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Saskia_Sassen_2012.jpg/225px-Saskia_Sassen_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Saskia_Sassen_2012.jpg/300px-Saskia_Sassen_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2229" data-file-height="2343" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saskia_Sassen" title="Saskia Sassen">Saskia Sassen</a>, theorist of international <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">Human migration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_sociology" title="Urban sociology">urban sociology</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Since the beginning, green politics has emphasized local, <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a>-level political activity and decision-making. According to its adherents, it is crucial that citizens play a direct role in the decisions that influence their lives and their environment. Therefore, green politics seeks to increase the role of <a href="/wiki/Deliberative_democracy" title="Deliberative democracy">deliberative democracy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on direct citizen involvement and <a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Consensus decision making">consensus decision making</a>, wherever it is feasible. </p><p>Green politics also encourages political action on the individual level, such as <a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">ethical consumerism</a>, or buying things that are made according to environmentally ethical standards. Indeed, many green parties emphasize individual and grassroots action at the local and regional levels over <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">electoral politics</a>. Historically, green parties have grown at the local level, gradually gaining influence and spreading to regional or provincial politics, only entering the national arena when there is a strong network of local support. </p><p>In addition, many greens believe that governments should not levy taxes against strictly local production and trade. Some Greens advocate new ways of organizing authority to increase local control, including <a href="/wiki/Urban_secession" title="Urban secession">urban secession</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bioregional_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioregional democracy">bioregional democracy</a>, and co-operative/local stakeholder ownership. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 99.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NLN_Michael_Albert.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michael Albert, theorist of participatory economics (participism)"><img alt="Michael Albert, theorist of participatory economics (participism)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/NLN_Michael_Albert.jpg/149px-NLN_Michael_Albert.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/NLN_Michael_Albert.jpg/223px-NLN_Michael_Albert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/NLN_Michael_Albert.jpg/298px-NLN_Michael_Albert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Albert" title="Michael Albert">Michael Albert</a>, theorist of <a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">participatory economics</a> (participism)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%A9sar_Rendueles_durante_su_conferencia_en_Wikiman%C3%ADa_2015_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="César Rendueles, theorist of Common good (economics) and open content and net neutrality"><img alt="César Rendueles, theorist of Common good (economics) and open content and net neutrality" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/C%C3%A9sar_Rendueles_durante_su_conferencia_en_Wikiman%C3%ADa_2015_06.JPG/240px-C%C3%A9sar_Rendueles_durante_su_conferencia_en_Wikiman%C3%ADa_2015_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/C%C3%A9sar_Rendueles_durante_su_conferencia_en_Wikiman%C3%ADa_2015_06.JPG/360px-C%C3%A9sar_Rendueles_durante_su_conferencia_en_Wikiman%C3%ADa_2015_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/C%C3%A9sar_Rendueles_durante_su_conferencia_en_Wikiman%C3%ADa_2015_06.JPG/480px-C%C3%A9sar_Rendueles_durante_su_conferencia_en_Wikiman%C3%ADa_2015_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Rendueles" title="César Rendueles">César Rendueles</a>, theorist of <a href="/wiki/Common_good_(economics)" title="Common good (economics)">Common good (economics)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">open content</a> and <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AntonioNegri_SeminarioInternacionalMundo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antonio Negri, theorist of Post-fordism and immaterial labour"><img alt="Antonio Negri, theorist of Post-fordism and immaterial labour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/AntonioNegri_SeminarioInternacionalMundo.jpg/169px-AntonioNegri_SeminarioInternacionalMundo.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/AntonioNegri_SeminarioInternacionalMundo.jpg/253px-AntonioNegri_SeminarioInternacionalMundo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/AntonioNegri_SeminarioInternacionalMundo.jpg/338px-AntonioNegri_SeminarioInternacionalMundo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="651" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Antonio Negri</a>, theorist of <a href="/wiki/Post-fordism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-fordism">Post-fordism</a> and immaterial labour</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_issues">Other issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-Nuclear_Power_Plant_Rally_on_19_September_2011_at_Meiji_Shrine_Outer_Garden_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Anti-Nuclear_Power_Plant_Rally_on_19_September_2011_at_Meiji_Shrine_Outer_Garden_03.JPG/220px-Anti-Nuclear_Power_Plant_Rally_on_19_September_2011_at_Meiji_Shrine_Outer_Garden_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Anti-Nuclear_Power_Plant_Rally_on_19_September_2011_at_Meiji_Shrine_Outer_Garden_03.JPG/330px-Anti-Nuclear_Power_Plant_Rally_on_19_September_2011_at_Meiji_Shrine_Outer_Garden_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Anti-Nuclear_Power_Plant_Rally_on_19_September_2011_at_Meiji_Shrine_Outer_Garden_03.JPG/440px-Anti-Nuclear_Power_Plant_Rally_on_19_September_2011_at_Meiji_Shrine_Outer_Garden_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Anti-Nuclear Power Plant Rally on 19 September 2011 at <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Shrine" title="Meiji Shrine">Meiji Shrine</a> complex in Tokyo in which sixty thousand people marched chanting "Sayonara nuclear power" and waving banners to call on Japan's government to abandon nuclear power following the Fukushima disaster<sup id="cite_ref-usatoday.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usatoday.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wompro_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wompro-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Although Greens in the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (United States)">United States</a> "call for an end to the '<a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a>'" and "for the decriminalization of <a href="/wiki/Victimless_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Victimless crimes">victimless crimes</a>", they also call for developing "a firm approach to law enforcement that directly addresses violent crime, including trafficking in hard drugs".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Europe, some green parties have tended to support the creation of a democratic <a href="/wiki/Federal_Europe" title="Federal Europe">federal Europe</a>, while others have opposed <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the spirit of nonviolence, green politics oppose the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on terrorism">war on terrorism</a> and the curtailment of <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a>, focusing instead on nurturing <a href="/wiki/Deliberative_democracy" title="Deliberative democracy">deliberative democracy</a> in war-torn regions and the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">civil society</a> with an increased role for women.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In keeping with their commitment to the preservation of diversity, greens are often committed to the maintenance and protection of indigenous communities, languages, and traditions. An example of this is the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Irish Green Party</a>'s commitment to the preservation of the Irish Language.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the green movement has focused on divesting in fossil fuels. <a href="/wiki/Academics_Stand_Against_Poverty" title="Academics Stand Against Poverty">Academics Stand Against Poverty</a> states "it is paradoxical for universities to remain invested in fossil fuel companies". <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pogge" title="Thomas Pogge">Thomas Pogge</a> says that the <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_divestment" title="Fossil fuel divestment">fossil fuel divestment</a> movement can increase political pressure at events like the international climate change conference (COP).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alex Epstein of Forbes notes that it is hypocritical to ask for divestment without a boycott and that a boycott would be more effective.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some institutions that are leading by example in the academic area are <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sterling_College_(Vermont)" title="Sterling College (Vermont)">Sterling College</a> and over 20 more. A number of cities, counties and religious institutions have also joined the movement to divest.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Green politics mostly <a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nuclear">opposes nuclear fission power</a> and the buildup of <a href="/wiki/Persistent_organic_pollutants" class="mw-redirect" title="Persistent organic pollutants">persistent organic pollutants</a>, supporting adherence to the <a href="/wiki/Precautionary_principle" title="Precautionary principle">precautionary principle</a>, by which technologies are rejected unless they can be proven to not cause significant harm to the health of living things or the <a href="/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere">biosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Green platforms generally favor tariffs on <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuels">fossil fuels</a>, restricting <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_organisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetically modified organisms">genetically modified organisms</a>, and protections for <a href="/wiki/Ecoregions" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecoregions">ecoregions</a> or <a href="/wiki/Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities">communities</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Green Party supports phasing out of nuclear power, coal, and incineration of waste.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Green Party in Finland has come out against its previous anti-nuclear stance and has stated that addressing global warming in the next 20 years is impossible without expanding nuclear power.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These officials have proposed using <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear-generated heat</a> to heat buildings by replacing the use of <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> to reach zero-emission outputs by 2040. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naomi_Klein_at_Berkeley,_California,_in_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Naomi Klein has written about capitalism and climate."><img alt="Naomi Klein has written about capitalism and climate." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Naomi_Klein_at_Berkeley%2C_California%2C_in_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/127px-Naomi_Klein_at_Berkeley%2C_California%2C_in_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Naomi_Klein_at_Berkeley%2C_California%2C_in_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/191px-Naomi_Klein_at_Berkeley%2C_California%2C_in_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Naomi_Klein_at_Berkeley%2C_California%2C_in_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Naomi_Klein_at_Berkeley%2C_California%2C_in_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1743" data-file-height="2464" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Klein" title="Naomi Klein">Naomi Klein</a> has written about capitalism and climate.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Martha_Nussbaum_wikipedia_10-10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Martha Nussbaum, Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago, is a proponent of the capabilities approach to animal rights."><img alt="Martha Nussbaum, Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago, is a proponent of the capabilities approach to animal rights." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Martha_Nussbaum_wikipedia_10-10.jpg/270px-Martha_Nussbaum_wikipedia_10-10.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Martha_Nussbaum_wikipedia_10-10.jpg/405px-Martha_Nussbaum_wikipedia_10-10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Martha_Nussbaum_wikipedia_10-10.jpg/540px-Martha_Nussbaum_wikipedia_10-10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a>, Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago, is a proponent of the <a href="/wiki/Capability_approach" title="Capability approach">capabilities approach</a> to <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animal rights</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 107.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 105.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Grodzka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anna Grodzka, Polish green LGBTQIA advocate"><img alt="Anna Grodzka, Polish green LGBTI advocate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Anna_Grodzka.jpg/158px-Anna_Grodzka.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Anna_Grodzka.jpg/236px-Anna_Grodzka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Anna_Grodzka.jpg/315px-Anna_Grodzka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="645" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Grodzka" title="Anna Grodzka">Anna Grodzka</a>, Polish green <a href="/wiki/LGBT_social_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT social movements">LGBTQIA</a> advocate</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_movements">Local movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Local movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunflower10094.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sunflower10094.jpg/220px-Sunflower10094.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sunflower10094.jpg/330px-Sunflower10094.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sunflower10094.jpg/440px-Sunflower10094.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1376" data-file-height="986" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sunflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflower">sunflower</a> is recognized internationally as a symbol of green politics.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Green ideology emphasizes <a href="/wiki/Participatory_democracy" title="Participatory democracy">participatory democracy</a> and the principle of "<a href="/wiki/Think_Globally,_Act_Locally" class="mw-redirect" title="Think Globally, Act Locally">thinking globally, acting locally</a>." As such, the ideal Green Party is thought to grow from the bottom up, from neighborhood to municipal to (eco-)regional to national levels. The goal is to rule by a <a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">consensus decision making</a> process. </p><p>Strong local coalitions are considered a prerequisite to higher-level electoral breakthroughs. Historically, the growth of Green parties has been sparked by a single issue where Greens can appeal to ordinary citizens' concerns. In Germany, for example, the Greens' early opposition to nuclear power won them their first successes in the federal elections.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_organization">Global organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Global organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashok_Khosla,_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ashok_Khosla%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Ashok_Khosla%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ashok_Khosla%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Ashok_Khosla%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ashok_Khosla%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Ashok_Khosla%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1027" data-file-height="1453" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Khosla" title="Ashok Khosla">Ashok Khosla</a> was president of the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> and also worked for the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a growing level of global cooperation between Green parties. Global gatherings of Green Parties now happen. The first Planetary Meeting of Greens was held 30–31 May 1992, in Rio de Janeiro, immediately preceding the <a href="/wiki/Earth_Summit_(1992)" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth Summit (1992)">United Nations Conference on Environment and Development</a> held there. More than 200 Greens from 28 nations attended. The first formal Global Greens Gathering took place in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, in 2001, with more than 800 Greens from 72 countries in attendance. The second Global Green Congress was held in São Paulo, Brazil, in May 2008, when 75 parties were represented. </p><p>Global Green networking dates back to 1990. Following the Planetary Meeting of Greens in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, a Global Green Steering Committee was created, consisting of two seats for each continent. In 1993 this Global Steering Committee met in Mexico City and authorized the creation of a Global Green Network including a Global Green Calendar, Global Green Bulletin, and Global Green Directory. The Directory was issued in several editions in the next years. In 1996, 69 Green Parties from around the world signed a common declaration opposing French nuclear testing in the South Pacific, the first statement of global greens on a current issue. A second statement was issued in December 1997, concerning the Kyoto climate change treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the 2001 Canberra Global Gathering delegates for Green Parties from 72 countries decided upon a <a href="/wiki/Global_Greens_Charter" title="Global Greens Charter">Global Greens Charter</a> which proposes six key principles. Over time, each Green Party can discuss this and organize itself to approve it, some by using it in the local press, some by translating it for their web site, some by incorporating it into their manifesto, some by incorporating it into their constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This process is taking place gradually, with online dialogue enabling parties to say where they are up to with this process.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_bloc_at_the_Copenhagen_climate_demo_FYEG_(4186296292).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Green_bloc_at_the_Copenhagen_climate_demo_FYEG_%284186296292%29.jpg/220px-Green_bloc_at_the_Copenhagen_climate_demo_FYEG_%284186296292%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Green_bloc_at_the_Copenhagen_climate_demo_FYEG_%284186296292%29.jpg/330px-Green_bloc_at_the_Copenhagen_climate_demo_FYEG_%284186296292%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Green_bloc_at_the_Copenhagen_climate_demo_FYEG_%284186296292%29.jpg/440px-Green_bloc_at_the_Copenhagen_climate_demo_FYEG_%284186296292%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Young_European_Greens" title="Federation of Young European Greens">Federation of Young European Greens</a> demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> during the Climate Summit 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>The Gatherings also agree on organizational matters. The first Gathering voted unanimously to set up the <i>Global Green Network</i> (GGN). The GGN is composed of three representatives from each Green Party. A companion organization was set up by the same resolution: <i>Global Green Coordination</i> (GGC). This is composed of three representatives from each Federation (Africa, Europe, The Americas, Asia/Pacific, see below). Discussion of the planned organization took place in several Green Parties prior to the Canberra meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The GGC communicates chiefly by email. Any agreement by it has to be by unanimity of its members. It may identify possible global campaigns to propose to Green Parties worldwide. The GGC may endorse statements by individual Green Parties. For example, it endorsed a statement by the US Green Party on the Israel-Palestine conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thirdly, Global <a href="/wiki/Green_Gathering" title="Green Gathering">Green Gatherings</a> are an opportunity for informal networking, from which joint campaigning may arise. For example, a campaign to protect the <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonian</a> coral reef, by getting it nominated for World Heritage Status: a joint campaign by the New Caledonia Green Party, New Caledonian indigenous leaders, the <a href="/wiki/French_Green_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="French Green Party">French Green Party</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Australian Greens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another example concerns <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Betancourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingrid Betancourt">Ingrid Betancourt</a>, the leader of the Green Party in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, the Green Oxygen Party (<i><a href="/wiki/Partido_Verde_Oxigeno" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido Verde Oxigeno">Partido Verde Oxigeno</a></i>). Ingrid Betancourt and the party's Campaign Manager, Claire Rojas, were kidnapped by a hard-line faction of <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia">FARC</a> on 7 March 2002, while travelling in FARC-controlled territory. Betancourt had spoken at the Canberra Gathering, making many friends. As a result, Green Parties all over the world have organized, pressing their governments to bring pressure to bear. For example, Green Parties in African countries, Austria, Canada, Brazil, Peru, Mexico, France, Scotland, Sweden and other countries have launched campaigns calling for Betancourt's release. <a href="/wiki/Bob_Brown" title="Bob Brown">Bob Brown</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Australian Greens</a>, went to Colombia, as did an envoy from the European Federation, <a href="/wiki/Alain_Lipietz" title="Alain Lipietz">Alain Lipietz</a>, who issued a report.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four Federations of Green Parties issued a message to FARC.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ingrid Betancourt was rescued by the Colombian military in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Jaque" title="Operation Jaque">Operation Jaque</a> in 2008. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Global_Green_meetings">Global Green meetings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Global Green meetings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm/262px--Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="262" height="147" data-durationhint="287" data-mwtitle="Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm/Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1077" data-height="606" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm/Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm/Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm/Video_Vandana_Shiva_2014.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vandana_Shiva" title="Vandana Shiva">Vandana Shiva</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cologne,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cologne, Germany">Cologne, Germany</a>, 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Separately from the Global Green Gatherings, <i>Global Green Meetings</i> take place. For instance, one took place on the fringe of the <a href="/wiki/World_Summit_on_Sustainable_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="World Summit on Sustainable Development">World Summit on Sustainable Development</a> in Johannesburg. Green Parties attended from Australia, Taiwan, Korea, South Africa, Mauritius, Uganda, Cameroon, Republic of Cyprus, Italy, France, Belgium, Germany, Finland, Sweden, Norway, the US, Mexico and Chile. </p><p>The Global Green Meeting discussed the situation of Green Parties on the African continent; heard a report from <a href="/wiki/Mike_Feinstein" title="Mike Feinstein">Mike Feinstein</a>, former mayor of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica</a>, about setting up a web site of the GGN; discussed procedures for the better working of the GGC; and decided two topics on which the Global Greens could issue statements in the near future: Iraq and the 2003 WTO meeting in Cancun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_federations">Green federations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Green federations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bob_Brown_at_2008_climate_change_rally_DSC_6368.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bob_Brown_at_2008_climate_change_rally_DSC_6368.JPG/220px-Bob_Brown_at_2008_climate_change_rally_DSC_6368.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bob_Brown_at_2008_climate_change_rally_DSC_6368.JPG/330px-Bob_Brown_at_2008_climate_change_rally_DSC_6368.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bob_Brown_at_2008_climate_change_rally_DSC_6368.JPG/440px-Bob_Brown_at_2008_climate_change_rally_DSC_6368.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bob_Brown" title="Bob Brown">Bob Brown</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> rally in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, 5 July 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Affiliated members in Asia, Pacific and Oceania form the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Green_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific Green Network">Asia-Pacific Green Network</a>. The member parties of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Greens" title="Global Greens">Global Greens</a> are organised into four continental federations: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Green_Parties_of_Africa" title="Federation of Green Parties of Africa">Federation of Green Parties of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Green_Parties_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas">Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas / Federación de los Partidos Verdes de las Américas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Green_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific Green Network">Asia-Pacific Green Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">European Green Party</a></li></ul> <p>The European Federation of Green Parties formed itself as the <a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">European Green Party</a> on 22 February 2004, in the run-up to <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> elections in June 2004, a further step in trans-national integration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_political_parties">Green political parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Green political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Green movements are calling for social change to reduce the misuse of natural resources. These include grassroots non-governmental organizations like <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> and green parties: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Australian Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_%E2%80%93_The_Green_Alternative" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greens – The Green Alternative">Austrian Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Green_Party" title="Belarusian Green Party">Belarusian Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Renewal_of_Macedonia" title="Democratic Renewal of Macedonia">Democratic Renewal of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_for_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialogue for Hungary">Dialogue for Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/LMP_%E2%80%93_Hungary%27s_Green_Party" title="LMP – Hungary's Green Party">LMP – Hungary's Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Greens" title="Ecologist Greens">Ecologist Greens</a> (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ecologists" title="The Ecologists">The Ecologists</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Europe" title="Green Europe">Green Europe</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_League" title="Green League">Green League (Finland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_of_Andorra" title="Greens of Andorra">Greens of Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Armenia" title="Green Party of Armenia">Green Party of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Brazil)" title="Green Party (Brazil)">Green Party (Brazil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Czech_Republic)" title="Green Party (Czech Republic)">Green Party (Czech Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party (Ireland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Israel)" title="Green Party (Israel)">Green Party (Israel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Lebanon" title="Green Party of Lebanon">Green Party of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Norway)" title="Green Party (Norway)">Green Party (Norway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Romania)" title="Green Party (Romania)">Green Party (Romania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Sweden)" title="Green Party (Sweden)">Green Party (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Taiwan" title="Green Party Taiwan"> Green Party of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (Turkey)">Green Party (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groen_(political_party)" title="Groen (political party)">Groen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecolo" title="Ecolo">Ecolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariyali_Nepal_Party" title="Hariyali Nepal Party">Hariyali Nepal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Green_Party" title="Latvian Green Party">Latvian Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-Green_Movement" title="Left-Green Movement">Left-Green Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93Green_Alliance_(Denmark)" title="Red–Green Alliance (Denmark)">Red–Green Alliance (Denmark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Greens" title="Scottish Greens">Scottish Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_People%27s_Party_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist People's Party (Denmark)">Socialist People's Party (Denmark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alternative_(Denmark)" title="The Alternative (Denmark)">The Alternative (Denmark)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Climate_change_icon.png/30px-Climate_change_icon.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Climate_change_icon.png/44px-Climate_change_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Climate_change_icon.png/59px-Climate_change_icon.png 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind-turbine-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/28px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/42px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/56px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Renewable energy portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_green_politics" title="Outline of green politics">Outline of green politics</a> (list of related articles, organized for easy browsing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_colour" title="Political colour">Political colour</a> for a list and summary of all political colours</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wall-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wall_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wall_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Wal10">Wall 2010</a>. p. 12-13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReedRothenberg1993-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReedRothenberg1993_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPeter_ReedDavid_Rothenberg1993" class="citation book cs1">Peter Reed; David Rothenberg (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lijSesXIxz0C&pg=PA84"><i>Wisdom in the Open Air: The Norwegian Roots of Deep Ecology</i></a>. University of Minnesota Press. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-2182-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-2182-8"><bdi>978-0-8166-2182-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wisdom+in+the+Open+Air%3A+The+Norwegian+Roots+of+Deep+Ecology&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-2182-8&rft.au=Peter+Reed&rft.au=David+Rothenberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlijSesXIxz0C%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wall2010-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wall2010_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerek_Wall2010" class="citation book cs1">Derek Wall (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nononsenseguidet0000wall"><i>The No-nonsense Guide to Green Politics</i></a></span>. New Internationalist. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nononsenseguidet0000wall/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906523-39-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906523-39-8"><bdi>978-1-906523-39-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+No-nonsense+Guide+to+Green+Politics&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=New+Internationalist&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-906523-39-8&rft.au=Derek+Wall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnononsenseguidet0000wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burchell2002-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burchell2002_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJon_Burchell2002" class="citation book cs1">Jon Burchell (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionofgreen0000burc"><i>The Evolution of Green Politics: Development and Change Within European Green Parties</i></a></span>. Earthscan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionofgreen0000burc/page/52">52</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85383-751-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85383-751-7"><bdi>978-1-85383-751-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Green+Politics%3A+Development+and+Change+Within+European+Green+Parties&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Earthscan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85383-751-7&rft.au=Jon+Burchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolutionofgreen0000burc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m2Zp5nkbvPkC&pg=PA79"><i>Playing by the Rules: The Impact of Electoral Systems on Emerging Green Parties</i></a>. 2007. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-549-13249-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-549-13249-3"><bdi>978-0-549-13249-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Playing+by+the+Rules%3A+The+Impact+of+Electoral+Systems+on+Emerging+Green+Parties&rft.pages=79&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-549-13249-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm2Zp5nkbvPkC%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins2012" class="citation book cs1">Robbins, Paul (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NixJcZnSsv8C"><i>Political Ecology: A Critical Introduction</i></a>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470657324" title="Special:BookSources/9780470657324"><bdi>9780470657324</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Ecology%3A+A+Critical+Introduction&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780470657324&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNixJcZnSsv8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeetWatts2004" class="citation book cs1">Peet, Richard; Watts, Michael (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_IwqvHWiwFkC&pg=PA6"><i>Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, Social Movements</i></a>. Routledge. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415312363" title="Special:BookSources/9780415312363"><bdi>9780415312363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liberation+Ecologies%3A+Environment%2C+Development%2C+Social+Movements&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780415312363&rft.aulast=Peet&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Watts%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_IwqvHWiwFkC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDustin_Mulvaney2011" class="citation book cs1">Dustin Mulvaney (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AaBFGNXjljsC&pg=PA394"><i>Green Politics, An A-to-Z Guide</i></a>. SAGE publications. p. 394. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412996792" title="Special:BookSources/9781412996792"><bdi>9781412996792</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Green+Politics%2C+An+A-to-Z+Guide&rft.pages=394&rft.pub=SAGE+publications&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781412996792&rft.au=Dustin+Mulvaney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAaBFGNXjljsC%26pg%3DPA394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#Wal10">Wall 2010</a>. p. 47-66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrdc.org/bio/giulia-cs-good-stefani/indigenous-leaders-frontlines-environmental-injustice-and-solutions">"Indigenous Leaders at the Frontlines of Environmental Injustice and Solutions"</a>. <i>www.nrdc.org</i>. 11 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nrdc.org&rft.atitle=Indigenous+Leaders+at+the+Frontlines+of+Environmental+Injustice+and+Solutions&rft.date=2021-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrdc.org%2Fbio%2Fgiulia-cs-good-stefani%2Findigenous-leaders-frontlines-environmental-injustice-and-solutions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2020" class="citation web cs1">Sharma, Aaditya Vikram (6 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/07/06/green-politics-what-drives-us-and-what-drove-us/">"Green Politics: What Drives Us and What Drove Us?"</a>. <i>Modern Diplomacy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. 75, no. 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170629012004/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-111733101/how-rome-polluted-the-world-we-tend-to-think-of-industrial">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Rousseau and the European Roots of Environmentalism". <i>Environmental History Review</i>. <b>14</b> (4): 41–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3984813">10.2307/3984813</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1053-4180">1053-4180</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3984813">3984813</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:157682006">157682006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+History+Review&rft.atitle=Rousseau+and+the+European+Roots+of+Environmentalism&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=41-72&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=1053-4180&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A157682006%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3984813%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3984813&rft.aulast=LaFreniere&rft.aufirst=Gilbert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick1995" class="citation book cs1">McCormick, John (1995). <i>The Global Environmental Movement</i>. London: John Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780471949404" title="Special:BookSources/9780471949404"><bdi>9780471949404</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Environmental+Movement&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Wiley&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780471949404&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://social-ecology.org/wp/1998/08/a-politics-for-the-21st-century/">"A Politics for the 21st Century"</a>. 26 August 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191002044933/http://social-ecology.org/wp/1998/08/a-politics-for-the-21st-century/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Politics+for+the+21st+Century&rft.date=1998-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsocial-ecology.org%2Fwp%2F1998%2F08%2Fa-politics-for-the-21st-century%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUekötter2006" class="citation book cs1">Uekötter, Frank (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q-LavK2QaMcC&q=Anna+Bramwell&pg=PA203"><i>The green and the brown: a history of conservation in Nazi Germany</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521612777" title="Special:BookSources/9780521612777"><bdi>9780521612777</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+green+and+the+brown%3A+a+history+of+conservation+in+Nazi+Germany&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780521612777&rft.aulast=Uek%C3%B6tter&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq-LavK2QaMcC%26q%3DAnna%2BBramwell%26pg%3DPA203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaudenmaier" class="citation news cs1">Staudenmaier, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080313141128/http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/germany/sp001630/peter.html">"Fascist Ecology: The 'Green Wing' of the Nazi Party and its Historical Antecedents"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fascist+Ecology%3A+The+%27Green+Wing%27+of+the+Nazi+Party+and+its+Historical+Antecedents.&rft.aulast=Staudenmaier&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spunk.org%2Ftexts%2Fplaces%2Fgermany%2Fsp001630%2Fpeter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiehlStaudenmaier1995" class="citation book cs1">Biehl, Janet; Staudenmaier, Peter (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/germany/sp001630/janet.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Ecology' and the Modernization of Fascism in the German Ultra-Right"</a>. <i>Ecofascism: Lessons from the German Experience</i>. AK Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1873176733" title="Special:BookSources/978-1873176733"><bdi>978-1873176733</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080919090154/http://www.spunk.org/texts/places/germany/sp001630/janet.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=Green+groups+reject+nuclear+revival+as+governments+seek+climate+fix&rft.date=2024-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2Fgreen%2F2024%2F03%2F21%2Fgreen-groups-reject-nuclear-renaissance-as-governments-seek-climate-fix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://policy.greenparty.org.uk/ey.html">"Energy"</a>. <i>policy.greenparty.org.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112024443/https://policy.greenparty.org.uk/ey.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=policy.greenparty.org.uk&rft.atitle=Energy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolicy.greenparty.org.uk%2Fey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConca" class="citation web cs1">Conca, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2017/04/17/finlands-green-party-and-nuclear-power-really/">"Finland's Green Party And Nuclear Power -- Really?"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112011008/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2017/04/17/finlands-green-party-and-nuclear-power-really/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Finland%27s+Green+Party+And+Nuclear+Power+--+Really%3F&rft.aulast=Conca&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjamesconca%2F2017%2F04%2F17%2Ffinlands-green-party-and-nuclear-power-really%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoussopoulos1993" class="citation book cs1">Roussopoulos, Dimitrios (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicalecology0000rous"><i>Political ecology: beyond environmentalism</i></a></span>. Montreal: Black Rose Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicalecology0000rous/page/114">114</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-895431-80-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-895431-80-8"><bdi>1-895431-80-8</bdi></a>. <q>Not surprisingly the colours green and yellow are used widely in the symbols of ecologists, the former evoking vegetation and the latter the sun. The sunflower, a popular symbol, embodies both colours, and turns towards the sun, the source of renewable energy. The bicycle is another important icon as bicycle transportation is regarded as one of the means to re-humanise society.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+ecology%3A+beyond+environmentalism&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Black+Rose+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-895431-80-8&rft.aulast=Roussopoulos&rft.aufirst=Dimitrios&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticalecology0000rous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/history-behind-germanys-nuclear-phase-out">"The history behind Germany's nuclear phase-out"</a>. <i>Clean Energy Wire</i>. 25 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210626154939/https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/history-behind-germanys-nuclear-phase-out">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clean+Energy+Wire&rft.atitle=The+history+behind+Germany%27s+nuclear+phase-out&rft.date=2014-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleanenergywire.org%2Ffactsheets%2Fhistory-behind-germanys-nuclear-phase-out&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Rensenbrink2003" class="citation web cs1">John Rensenbrink (August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalgreens.org/ggn/brief-history-2003">"Global Greens Network - a brief history up to 2003"</a>. Global Greens. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150213113057/http://www.globalgreens.org/ggn/brief-history-2003">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Greens+Network+-+a+brief+history+up+to+2003&rft.pub=Global+Greens&rft.date=2003-08&rft.au=John+Rensenbrink&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalgreens.org%2Fggn%2Fbrief-history-2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040218004310/http://www.green.ca/english/members/constitution.shtml">"Canadian Greens / Green Party of Canada Constitution"</a>. <i>green party of canada</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.green.ca/english/members/constitution.shtml">the original</a> on 18 February 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=green+party+of+canada&rft.atitle=Canadian+Greens+%2F+Green+Party+of+Canada+Constitution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.green.ca%2Fenglish%2Fmembers%2Fconstitution.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030402095954/http://www.greenparties.hpg.ig.com.br/virtual.html">"iG - Notícias, Vídeos, Famosos, Esportes, Bate Papo, Infográficos"</a>. Greenparties.hpg.ig.com.br. 17 September 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greenparties.hpg.ig.com.br/virtual.html">the original</a> on 2 April 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iG+-+Not%C3%ADcias%2C+V%C3%ADdeos%2C+Famosos%2C+Esportes%2C+Bate+Papo%2C+Infogr%C3%A1ficos&rft.pub=Greenparties.hpg.ig.com.br&rft.date=2013-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgreenparties.hpg.ig.com.br%2Fvirtual.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030301155622/http://www.greens.org.au/bobbrown/global.htm">"Global Network of Green Parties"</a>. <i>Australian Greens</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greens.org.au/bobbrown/global.htm">the original</a> on 1 March 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Greens&rft.atitle=Global+Network+of+Green+Parties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greens.org.au%2Fbobbrown%2Fglobal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030218053722/http://www.greenpartyus.org/press/pr_04_10_02.html">"Statement of the Global Green Coordination on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"</a>. <i>Green Party US</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenpartyus.org/press/pr_04_10_02.html">the original</a> on 18 February 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Green+Party+US&rft.atitle=Statement+of+the+Global+Green+Coordination+on+the+Israeli-Palestinian+Conflict&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpartyus.org%2Fpress%2Fpr_04_10_02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalgreens.org/sites/globalgreens.org/files/spinifex-4.pdf">"Spinifex <b>4</b>, Newsletter of the 2001 Global Greens Congress"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Consensus Productions. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702114704/https://www.globalgreens.org/sites/globalgreens.org/files/spinifex-4.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spinifex+4%2C+Newsletter+of+the+2001+Global+Greens+Congress&rft.pub=Consensus+Productions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalgreens.org%2Fsites%2Fglobalgreens.org%2Ffiles%2Fspinifex-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040216090122/http://www.providence.edu/polisci/affigne/free_ingrid.htm#Anchor-Lipietz">"Alain LIPIETZ à BOGOTA du 3 au 5 mars 2002"</a>. <i>Providence College: Tony Affigne: Green parties of the world declare: "Free Ingrid Betancourt and Clara Rojas!"</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.providence.edu/polisci/affigne/free_ingrid.htm#Anchor-Lipietz">the original</a> on 16 February 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Providence+College%3A+Tony+Affigne%3A+Green+parties+of+the+world+declare%3A+%22Free+Ingrid+Betancourt+and+Clara+Rojas%21%22&rft.atitle=Alain+LIPIETZ+%C3%A0+BOGOTA+du+3+au+5+mars+2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.providence.edu%2Fpolisci%2Faffigne%2Ffree_ingrid.htm%23Anchor-Lipietz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120094936/http://www.web.greens.org/~cls/gp/to-farc-ep">"Green Parties of the World Call for Ingrid Betancout's Freedom"</a>. <i>Green Parties world wide</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.web.greens.org/~cls/gp/to-farc-ep">the original</a> on 20 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Green+Parties+world+wide&rft.atitle=Green+Parties+of+the+World+Call+for+Ingrid+Betancout%27s+Freedom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.web.greens.org%2F~cls%2Fgp%2Fto-farc-ep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Wal10" class="citation book cs1">Wall, Derek (2010). <i>The No-Nonsense Guide to Green Politics</i>. Oxford: New Internationalist Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906523-39-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906523-39-8"><bdi>978-1-906523-39-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+No-Nonsense+Guide+to+Green+Politics&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=New+Internationalist+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-906523-39-8&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dobson, Andrew (2007). <i>Green Political Thought</i>. 4. Edition (1. Edition 1980), London/ New York: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-40351-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-40351-0">0-415-40351-0</a> (Hardcover)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilk2009" class="citation book cs1">Gilk, Paul (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190617045033/https://www.lutterworth.com/product_info.php?products_id=1411"><i>Green Politics is Eutopian</i></a>. The Lutterworth Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lutterworth.com/product_info.php?products_id=1411">the original</a> on 17 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Green+Politics+is+Eutopian&rft.pub=The+Lutterworth+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Gilk&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lutterworth.com%2Fproduct_info.php%3Fproducts_id%3D1411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Spretnak, Charlene (1986). <i>The Spiritual Dimension of Green Politics</i>. Santa Fe, N.M.: Bear & Co. 95 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-939680-29-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-939680-29-7">0-939680-29-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmermannGraziano2020" class="citation journal cs1">Zimmermann, Katharina; Graziano, Paolo (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu12051819">"Mapping Different Worlds of Eco-Welfare States"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_(journal)" title="Sustainability (journal)">Sustainability</a></i>. <b>12</b> (5): 1819. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsu12051819">10.3390/su12051819</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sustainability&rft.atitle=Mapping+Different+Worlds+of+Eco-Welfare+States&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1819&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fsu12051819&rft.aulast=Zimmermann&rft.aufirst=Katharina&rft.au=Graziano%2C+Paolo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fsu12051819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+politics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_politics&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Green politics</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=green+politics">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=green+politics&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalgreens.org/globalcharter">Global Greens Charter, Canberra 2001</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080514172856/http://www.globalgreens.org/globalcharter">Archived</a> 14 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Users/ssfa2/ecology.html"><i>Ecology and Society</i> – book on politics and sociology of environmentalism</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Green_parties_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Green_parties" title="Template:Green parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Green_parties" title="Template talk:Green parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Green_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Green parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Green_parties_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Green_party" title="Green party">Green parties</a> by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Green_Parties_of_Africa" title="Federation of Green Parties of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecology_and_Liberty_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecology and Liberty Party (page does not exist)">Algeria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Nacional_Ecol%C3%B3gico_de_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Nacional Ecológico de Angola (page does not exist)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Benin)" title="The Greens (Benin)">Benin</a></li> <li>Burkina Faso <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_for_the_Development_of_Burkina" title="Ecologist Party for the Development of Burkina">Ecologist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_of_Burkina" title="Greens of Burkina">Greens of Burkina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_Ecologists_of_Burkina" title="Rally of the Ecologists of Burkina">Rally of the Ecologists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burundi_Green_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burundi Green Movement (page does not exist)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouvement_des_Verts_de_Centrafique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouvement des Verts de Centrafique (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_des_Ecologistes_Tchadiens_-_LES_VERTS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union des Ecologistes Tchadiens - LES VERTS (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defense_de_l%27Environment_Camerounais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defense de l'Environment Camerounais (page does not exist)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_Congolese_Ecologists_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" title="Rally of Congolese Ecologists – The Greens">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Green_Party" title="Egyptian Green Party">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon_Green_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabon Green Party (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana_Green_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghana Green Movement (page does not exist)">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_des_Ecologistes_Guineens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti des Ecologistes Guineens (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liga_Guineense_de_Protec%C3%A7ao_Ecologica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liga Guineense de Protecçao Ecologica (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_pour_la_Protection_de_l%27Environnement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti pour la Protection de l'Environnement (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazingira_Green_Party_of_Kenya" title="Mazingira Green Party of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Vert_Hasin%27l_Madagasikara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Vert Hasin'l Madagasikara (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_of_Mali" title="Ecologist Party of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Verts_Fraternels" title="Les Verts Fraternels">Mauritius</a></li> <li>Morocco <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(Morocco)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Greens (Morocco) (page does not exist)">The Greens</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izigzawen" title="Izigzawen">Izigzawen</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_Party_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Greens Party of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rassemblement_pour_un_Sahel_Vert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rassemblement pour un Sahel Vert (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Party_of_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Party of Nigeria (page does not exist)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Green_Party_of_Rwanda" title="Democratic Green Party of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Movement_%E2%80%93_Green_Party_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Social Democratic Movement – Green Party of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_Ecologists_of_Senegal" title="Rally of the Ecologists of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_Green_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Leone Green Party (page does not exist)">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li>Somalia <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Somalia_Green_Party" title="Somalia Green Party">Green Party</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Green_Party_of_Somalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Green Party of Somalia (page does not exist)">Democratic Green Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Green_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South African Green Alliance (page does not exist)">Green Alliance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Green Party of South Africa">Green Party</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrique_Togo_Ecologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrique Togo Ecologie (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Tunisia_Party" title="Green Tunisia Party">Tunisia</a></li> <li>Uganda <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecological_Party_of_Uganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecological Party of Uganda (page does not exist)">Ecological Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Green_Party" title="Uganda Green Party">Green Party</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Revolution_Green_Party_Zambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Revolution Green Party Zambia (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Green_Parties_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Initiative" title="Green Initiative">Green Initiative</a> (defunct)</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belize_Green_Independent_Party" title="Belize Green Independent Party">Belize</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Bolivia" title="Green Party of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Brazil)" title="Green Party (Brazil)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Ecologist_Party_(Chile)" title="Green Ecologist Party (Chile)">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Alliance_(Colombia)" title="Green Alliance (Colombia)">Colombia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cartago_Green_Party" title="Cartago Green Party">Costa Rica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Democratic_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party of Democratic Unity">Dominican Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Los_Verdes_de_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Los Verdes de Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Verts_de_Guyane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Verts de Guyane (page does not exist)">French Guiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Vert_Ha%C3%AFtien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Vert Haïtien (page does not exist)">Haiti</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Green_Party_of_Mexico" title="Ecologist Green Party of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Green_Party_of_Nicaragua" title="Ecologist Green Party of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Alternative_Ecologist_Party_of_Peru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Alternative Ecologist Party of Peru (page does not exist)">Peru</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_for_Puerto_Rico_Party" title="Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party">Puerto Rico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Green_Party" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Green Party">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">United States</a></i></li> <li>Uruguay <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Partido_Verde_Eto-Ecologista" title="Partido Verde Eto-Ecologista">Green</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_del_Sol_(Uruguay)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido del Sol (Uruguay) (page does not exist)">Sol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Partido_Ecologista_Radical_Intransigente" title="Partido Ecologista Radical Intransigente">PERI</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Partido_Verde_Animalista" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido Verde Animalista">PVA</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Movement_of_Venezuela" title="Ecological Movement of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Greens_Federation" title="Asia Pacific Greens Federation">Asia-Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Party_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Party Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Fiji" title="Green Party of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=India_Greens_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="India Greens Party (page does not exist)">India Greens Party</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttarakhand_Parivartan_Party_(UKPP)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uttarakhand Parivartan Party (UKPP) (page does not exist)">Uttarakhand Parivartan Party (UKPP)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atjeh_Green_Party" title="Atjeh Green Party">Atjeh Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Green_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Green Party">Indonesian Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarekat_Hijau_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarekat Hijau Indonesia (page does not exist)">Sarekat Hijau Indonesia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Iran" title="Green Party of Iran">Green Party of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Iran)" title="Green Party (Iran)">Green Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Iraq" title="Green Party of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ale_Yarok" title="Ale Yarok">Ale Yarok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Israel)" title="The Greens (Israel)">The Greens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Israel)" title="Green Party (Israel)">Green Party</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_Japan" title="Greens Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Party_of_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Party of Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baytaq" title="Baytaq">Kazakhstan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Lebanon" title="Green Party of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Green Party of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Green_Party" title="Mongolian Green Party">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariyali_Nepal_Party" title="Hariyali Nepal Party">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Green_Party" title="Pakistan Green Party">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestinian_Greens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestinian Greens (page does not exist)">Palestinian Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Party_of_the_Philippines_(GPP-Kalikasan_Muna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Party of the Philippines (GPP-Kalikasan Muna) (page does not exist)">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Party_of_the_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Party of the Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Korea" title="Green Party Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Taiwan" title="Green Party Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thai_Forest_Conservation_Party" title="Thai Forest Conservation Party">Thailand</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Party_of_Uzbekistan" title="Ecological Party of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Federation_of_Green_Parties" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation of Green Parties">Europe</a><br /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">EGP</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Young_European_Greens" title="Federation of Young European Greens">FYEG</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Albania" title="Green Party of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_of_Andorra" title="Greens of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Austria)" title="The Greens (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Armenia" title="Green Party of Armenia">Armenia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Green_Party" title="Belarusian Green Party">Belarus</a></i></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Groen_(political_party)" title="Groen (political party)">Flanders and Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecolo" title="Ecolo">Wallonia and Brussels</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greens_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Greens of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></i></li> <li>Bulgaria <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party of Bulgaria">Green Party</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Bulgaria)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greens (Bulgaria)">The Greens</a></li></ul></li> <li>Croatia <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Alternative_%E2%80%93_Sustainable_Development_of_Croatia" title="Green Alternative – Sustainable Development of Croatia">Orah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_List_(2017)" title="Green List (2017)">ZL</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Ecologists_%E2%80%93_Citizens%27_Cooperation" title="Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation">Cyprus</a></li> <li>Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Czech_Republic)" title="Green Party (Czech Republic)">Green Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberal-Environmental_Party" title="Liberal-Environmental Party">Liberal-Environmental Party</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Alternative_(Denmark)" title="The Alternative (Denmark)">The Alternative</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Socialist_People%27s_Party_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist People's Party (Denmark)">Socialist People's Party</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Denmark)" title="The Greens (Denmark)">The Greens</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Greens" title="Estonian Greens">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_League" title="Green League">Finland</a></li> <li>France <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Citizenship,_Action,_Participation_for_the_21st_Century" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship, Action, Participation for the 21st Century">CAP21</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration_%C3%89cologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Génération Écologie">Génération Écologie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology_at_the_Centre" title="Ecology at the Centre">Ecology at the Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">Europe Ecology – The Greens</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Ecologiste_Ind%C3%A9pendant" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Ecologiste Indépendant">Mouvement Ecologiste Indépendant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party" title="Ecologist Party">Ecologist Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">Ecological Democratic Party</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Greens" title="Ecologist Greens">Ecologist Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_%E2%80%93_Solidarity" title="Greens – Solidarity">Greens – Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hungary <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_for_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialogue for Hungary">Dialogue for Hungary</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_Can_Be_Different" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics Can Be Different">Politics Can Be Different</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-Green_Movement" title="Left-Green Movement">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Ireland</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Europe" title="Green Europe">Green Europe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Italia" title="Green Italia">Green Italia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Green_Party" title="Isle of Man Green Party">Isle of Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Green Party of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Green_Party" title="Latvian Green Party">Latvia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_List_(Liechtenstein)" title="Free List (Liechtenstein)">Liechtenstein</a></i></li> <li>Lithuania <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Green_Party" title="Lithuanian Green Party">Green Party</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Farmers_and_Greens_Union" title="Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union">Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Luxembourg)" title="The Greens (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD%2BPD" title="AD+PD">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Green_Party_(Moldova)" title="Ecologist Green Party (Moldova)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Reform_Action" title="United Reform Action">Montenegro</a></li> <li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Netherlands)" title="The Greens (Netherlands)">The Greens</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Renewal_of_Macedonia" title="Democratic Renewal of Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Norway)" title="Green Party (Norway)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Poland)" title="The Greens (Poland)">Poland</a></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth_Party" title="Earth Party">Earth Party</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_%22The_Greens%22" title="Ecologist Party "The Greens"">The Greens</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LIVRE" title="LIVRE">LIVRE</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Romania <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecologist Party of Romania">Ecologist Party</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Romania)" title="Green Party (Romania)">Green Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_United_Green_Alternative" title="Civil United Green Alternative">Civil United Green Alternative</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Ecological_Party_%22The_Greens%22" title="Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"">Ecological Party "The Greens"</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Greens_of_Russia" title="Union of Greens of Russia">Union of Greens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Alliance_(Russia)" title="Green Alliance (Russia)">Green Alliance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Alternative_(Russia)" title="Green Alternative (Russia)">Green Alternative</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Serbia <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Uprising" title="Ecological Uprising">Ecological Uprising</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greens_of_Serbia" title="Greens of Serbia">Greens of Serbia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Together_(Serbia)" title="Together (Serbia)">Together</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green%E2%80%93Left_Front" title="Green–Left Front">Green–Left Front</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Slovakia)" title="Green Party (Slovakia)">Slovakia</a></li> <li>Slovenia <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Greens_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Greens of Slovenia">Greens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Party_%E2%80%93_European_Greens" title="Youth Party – European Greens">Youth Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_Catalonia_Greens" title="Initiative for Catalonia Greens">Catalonia Greens</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Greens" title="Confederation of the Greens">Confederation of the Greens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equo" class="mw-redirect" title="Equo">Equo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greens%E2%80%93Green_Group" title="The Greens–Green Group">The Greens–Green Group</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Sweden)" title="Green Party (Sweden)">Sweden</a></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">Green Liberal Party</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Turkey <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Greens%27_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Greens' Party">Greens' Party</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Greens_of_Ukraine" title="Party of Greens of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">England and Wales</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Wales_Green_Party" title="Wales Green Party">Wales</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Northern_Ireland" title="Green Party Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Greens" title="Scottish Greens">Scotland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italic</i> links indicate non-members or observers of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Greens" title="Global Greens">Global Greens</a>.</li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_green_political_parties" title="List of green political parties">List of green political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Green_politics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#76a737;color:#f9e301;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Green_politics" title="Template:Green politics"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#f9e301">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Green_politics" title="Template talk:Green politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#f9e301">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Green_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Green politics"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#f9e301">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Green_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #f9e301; text-decoration: inherit;">Green politics</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#76a737;color:#f9e301;;width:1%">Core topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_litigation" title="Climate change litigation">Climate change litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels_lobby" title="Fossil fuels lobby">Fossil fuels lobby</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Green politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_party" title="Green party">Green party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_green_politics" title="Outline of green politics">List of topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_climate_change" title="Politics of climate change">Politics of climate change</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#76a737;color:#f9e301;;width:1%">Four pillars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecosophy" title="Ecosophy">Ecological wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_democracy" title="Grassroots democracy">Grassroots democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#76a737;color:#f9e301;;width:1%">Perspectives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alter-globalization" title="Alter-globalization">Alter-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_green_environmentalism" title="Bright green environmentalism">Bright green environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticisms_of_globalization" title="Criticisms of globalization">Criticisms of globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_hands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirty hands">Dirty hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment" title="Disinvestment">Disinvestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoauthoritarianism" title="Ecoauthoritarianism">Ecoauthoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocentrism" title="Ecocentrism">Ecocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofascism" title="Ecofascism">Ecofascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-nationalism" title="Eco-nationalism">Eco-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">Green conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_left" title="Green left">Green left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_liberalism" title="Green liberalism">Green liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">Green libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zionism" title="Green Zionism">Green Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_ecology" title="Queer ecology">Queer ecology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#76a737;color:#f9e301;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Greens_Federation" title="Asia Pacific Greens Federation">Asia Pacific Greens Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">European Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Green_Parties_of_Africa" title="Federation of Green Parties of Africa">Federation of Green Parties of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Green_Parties_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas">Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Young_European_Greens" title="Federation of Young European Greens">Federation of Young European Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Greens" title="Global Greens">Global Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Young_Greens" title="Global Young Greens">Global Young Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Ecological_Parties" title="World Ecological Parties">World Ecological Parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#76a737;color:#f9e301;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fee_and_dividend" title="Carbon fee and dividend">Carbon fee and dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">Carbon tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Climate change mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_justice" title="Climate justice">Climate justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_target" title="Climate target">Climate target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">Conservation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Corporate political activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-investing" title="Eco-investing">Eco-investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">Ecological economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_modernization" title="Ecological modernization">Ecological modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-tariff" title="Eco-tariff">Eco-tariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecotax" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecotax">Ecotax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-terrorism" title="Eco-terrorism">Eco-terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_conflict" title="Environmental conflict">conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of agriculture">effects of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of aviation">effects of aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_finance" title="Environmental finance">finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_issues" title="List of environmental issues">issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_justice" title="Environmental justice">justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_planning" title="Environmental planning">planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_pricing_reform" title="Environmental pricing reform">pricing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">technology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-environmentalism" title="Anti-environmentalism">opposition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_skepticism" title="Environmental skepticism">Environmental skepticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_music" title="Environmentalism in music">in music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_phase-out" title="Fossil fuel phase-out">Fossil fuel phase-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_development" title="Green development">development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_growth" title="Green growth">growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_grabbing" title="Green grabbing">grabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greening" title="Greening">greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_imperialism" title="Green imperialism">imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_industrial_policy" title="Green industrial policy">industrial policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_infrastructure" title="Green infrastructure">infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_job" title="Green job">job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_recovery" title="Green recovery">recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_retrofit" class="mw-redirect" title="Green retrofit">retrofit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robyn_Eckersley#The_Green_State" title="Robyn Eckersley">state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_theory" title="Green theory">theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_transport_hierarchy" title="Green transport hierarchy">transport hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_vehicle" title="Green vehicle">vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwashing" title="Greenwashing">washing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_economy" title="Low-carbon economy">Low-carbon economy</a></li> <li>List of environmental incidents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_conflicts" title="List of environmental conflicts">conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_killings" title="List of environmental killings">killings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ecology" title="Political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_engineering" title="Sustainable engineering">engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_refurbishment" title="Sustainable refurbishment">refurbishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">transport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_coal" title="War on coal">War on coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_conflict" title="Water conflict">Water conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_ideologies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_ideologies" title="Template:Political ideologies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_ideologies" title="Template talk:Political ideologies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_ideologies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political ideologies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_ideologies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Political ideologies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Establishment" title="The Establishment">The Establishment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-establishment" title="Anti-establishment">Anti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardline" title="Hardline">Hardline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_moderate" title="Political moderate">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_radicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political radicalism">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary" title="Revolutionary">Revolutionary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_credit" title="Social credit">Social credit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalism">Royalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_republicanism" title="Classical republicanism">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_republicanism" title="Modern republicanism">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization#Collectivism_and_individualism" title="Social organization">Collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culturalism" title="Culturalism">Culturalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interculturalism" title="Interculturalism">Inter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoculturalism" title="Monoculturalism">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremism" title="Extremism">Extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">Globalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_theory)" title="Pluralism (political theory)">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">Regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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