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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_oeconomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>De oeconomia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-De_oeconomia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle De oeconomia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-De_oeconomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-De_communicatione_sociali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_communicatione_sociali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>De communicatione sociali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_communicatione_sociali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_educatione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_educatione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>De educatione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_educatione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_interni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_interni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Nexus interni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_interni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_externi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_externi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Nexus externi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_externi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruanda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 239 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-239" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">239 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Abasca" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abasca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3" title="ሩዋንዳ – Amharica" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩዋንዳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवांडा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रवांडा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवांडा – Bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रवांडा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="রুয়ান্ডা – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুয়ান্ডা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8D" title="རུ་ཝན་ཌ། – Tibetana" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རུ་ཝན་ཌ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="রুয়ান্ডা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রুয়ান্ডা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ڕواندا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕواندا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Corsa" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुवान्डा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="रुवान्डा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%88%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A7" title="ރުވާންޑާ – Dhivehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރުވާންޑާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Dhivehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ρουάντα – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουάντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruando" title="Ruando – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ruando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رواندا – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رواندا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwannda" title="Ruwannda – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ruwannda" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Faroensis" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouanda" title="Rouanda – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Rouanda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruande" title="Ruande – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ruande" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBanda" title="Rûanda – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rûanda" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubhanda" title="Rubhanda – Scotica" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rubhanda" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scotica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rru%C3%A1nda" title="Rruánda – Guaranica" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rruánda" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaranica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE" title="રવાંડા – Gujaratensis" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રવાંડા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujaratensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooandey" title="Rooandey – Monensis" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rooandey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Monensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="רואנדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רואנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुआण्डा – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रुआण्डा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Creolus Haitianus" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creolus Haitianus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1" title="Ռուանդա – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուանդա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Igbonica" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAanda" title="Rúanda – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúanda" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80" title="ルワンダ – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルワンダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="რუანდა – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუანდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwandaa" title="Ruwandaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ruwandaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1" title="ರುವಾಂಡ – Cannadica" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರುವಾಂಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Cannadica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EC%99%84%EB%8B%A4" title="르완다 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="르완다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Curdica" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Curdica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Cornubica" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornubica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Luxemburgica" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Limburgica" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanda" title="Roanda – Malagasiana" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Roanda" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81wana" title="Rāwana – Maoriana" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rāwana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maoriana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F" title="റുവാണ്ട – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റുവാണ്ട" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯔꯋꯥꯟꯗꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯋꯥꯟꯗꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="ऱ्वांडा – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऱ्वांडा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Melitensis" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Melitensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ရဝမ်ဒါနိုင်ငံ – Birmanica" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရဝမ်ဒါနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="روآندا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روآندا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुवान्डा – Nepalensis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रुवान्डा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रुवान्डा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुवान्डा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwaandaa" title="Ruwaandaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ruwaandaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE" title="ରୁଆଣ୍ଡା – Orissensis" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରୁଆଣ୍ଡା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orissensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%C3%A6" title="Руандæ – Ossetica" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Руандæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਰਵਾਂਡਾ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਵਾਂਡਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवाण्डा – Palica" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रवाण्डा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Palica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7" title="روانڈا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روانڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%D8%A7" title="رونډا – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رونډا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwantha" title="Ruwantha – Quechuae" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruwantha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechuae" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urwanda" title="Urwanda – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Urwanda" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Рванда – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Рванда" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="रवाण्डा – Sanscrita" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रवाण्डा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanscrita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱱᱰᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanna" title="Ruanna – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ruanna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%A7" title="روانڊا – Sindhuica" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="روانڊا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhuica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Samica septentrionalis" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Samica septentrionalis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruand%C3%A4a" title="Ruandäa – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Ruandäa" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9D%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းရဝၢၼ်းတႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းရဝၢၼ်းတႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="රුවන්ඩාව – Singhalensis" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රුවන්ඩාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Samoana" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwanda" title="Ruwanda – Somalica" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ruwanda" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRuwanda" title="IRuwanda – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IRuwanda" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE" title="உருவாண்டா – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருவாண்டா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE" title="రువాండా – Telingana" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రువాండా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telingana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Tadzikica" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzikica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศรวันดา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศรวันดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3" title="ሩዋንዳ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሩዋንዳ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Turcomannica" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turcomannica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="رۋاندا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۋاندا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Руанда – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Руанда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7" title="روانڈا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روانڈا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ruanda" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruand" title="Ruand – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ruand" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruand%C3%A4n" title="Ruandän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ruandän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwandaa" title="Ruwandaa – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ruwandaa" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" title="卢旺达 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卢旺达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="რუანდა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუანდა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2" title="רוואנדע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוואנדע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵔⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵔⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE" title="卢旺达 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卢旺达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rwanda" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%97%BA%E9%81%94" title="盧旺達 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="盧旺達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRuwanda" title="IRuwanda – Zuluana" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IRuwanda" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zuluana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1037#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ruanda" title="Videre paginam [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Res</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Ruanda" rel="discussion" title="Disputatio de hac pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Disputatio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Latina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div 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id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit" title="Hanc paginam recensere [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Recensere</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit" title="Fontem huius paginae recensere [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Fontem recensere</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=history"><span>Historiam inspicere</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Ruanda" title="Index paginarum quae hic nectunt [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Nexus ad paginam</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Nuper_mutata_annexorum/Ruanda" rel="nofollow" title="Nuper mutata in paginis quibus haec pagina nectit [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Nuper mutata annexorum</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=la" title="Fasciculos imponere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fasciculum imponere</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Paginae_speciales" title="Index paginarum specialium [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginae speciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&oldid=3816380" title="Nexus perpetuus ad hanc paginae redactionem"><span>Nexus perpetuus</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>De hac pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:CiteThisPage&page=Ruanda&id=3816380&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Institutiones de hac pagina citanda"><span>Hanc paginam citare</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fla.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRuanda"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fla.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRuanda"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimere vel exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialis:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ruanda"><span>Librum creare</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">E Vicipaedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="la" dir="ltr"><div class="capsa-vicidata infobox" style="width:15em; background:#e3e3e3;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3850522">.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata{float:right;margin:0 0 2em 1em;padding:.25em .5em;box-shadow:8px 8px 8px #ccc;text-align:center;background-color:#f2f2f2;border:1px solid #bebebe}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata-titulus{padding-top:.44em;font-size:90%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata-subtitulus{padding-bottom:.14em;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata-data{font-size:80%;margin-top:1em;padding:.2em .1em .1em .2em}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata .mw-collapsible{text-align:left}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata{width:100%!important;float:none;margin-left:0;box-shadow:0 8px 8px #ccc}}</style> <div class="capsa-vicidata-titulus noviewer"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wikidata-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/25px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/38px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/50px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Ruanda</div> <div class="capsa-vicidata-subtitulus">Res apud <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/lawiki/Ruanda" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/lawiki/Ruanda">Vicidata</a> repertae:</div><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruanda: insigne"><img alt="Ruanda: insigne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>Ruanda: insigne</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruanda: vexillum"><img alt="Ruanda: vexillum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/90px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/135px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/180px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ruanda: vexillum</figcaption></figure><div class="capsa-vicidata-data"> <i>Terra continens</i>: <span><span><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></span></span><br /><i>Territoria finitima</i>: <span><span><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Res_publica_democratica_Congensis" title="Res publica democratica Congensis">Res publica democratica Congensis</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Burundia" title="Burundia">Burundia</a></span></span><br /><i>Locus</i>: <span><span><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Specialis:Map/0/-2/30/la" data-lat="-2" data-lon="30" data-overlays="["_3ab7fad8dc757b34773772786fb3ae7e54d55493"]">2°0′0″S 30°0′0″E</a></span></span><br /><i>Caput</i>: <span><span><a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a></span></span><br /><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Gestio</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <i>Princeps</i>: <span><span><a href="/wiki/Paulus_Kagame" title="Paulus Kagame">Paulus Kagame</a></span></span><br /><i>Praefectus</i>: <span><span>Édouard Ngirente</span></span><br /><i>Consilium</i>: <span><span>Parliament of Rwanda</span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.rw/">Situs interretialis</a></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Populus</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <i>Numerus</i>: <span><span>13 246 394</span></span><br /><i>Sermo publicus</i>: <span><span>Kinyarwanda</span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Lingua_Anglica" title="Lingua Anglica">Anglice</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Lingua_Francogallica" title="Lingua Francogallica">Francogallice</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Lingua_Suahelica" title="Lingua Suahelica">lingua Suahili</a></span></span><br /><i>Zona horaria</i>: <span><span><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+2</a></span>, <span>Africa/Kigali</span></span><br /><i>Moneta</i>: <span><span>Rwandan franc</span></span></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Commemoratio</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <i>Paean</i>: <span><span>Rwanda Nziza</span></span><br /></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Sigla</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <i>ISO</i> <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:RW">RW</a></span></span>, <span><span>RWA</span></span>, <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.who.int/countries/646">646</a></span></span>; <i>IOC</i> <span><span>RWA</span></span><br /><i>Dominium interretiale</i>: <span><span>.rw</span></span><br /><i>Praefixum telephonicum</i>: <span><span>+250</span></span><br /><i>Siglum autoraedarum</i>: <span><span>RWA</span></span></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Carte_Rwanda.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Carte_Rwanda.png/220px-Carte_Rwanda.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Carte_Rwanda.png 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>Tabula Ruandae</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ruanda</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sive <b>Rwanda</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plenius <b>Res publica Ruandensis</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> est <a href="/wiki/Civitas_sui_iuris" title="Civitas sui iuris">civitas sui iuris</a> in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> <a href="/wiki/Africa_Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Africa Media">media</a> et <a href="/wiki/Africa_Orientalis" title="Africa Orientalis">orientali</a>, ad paucos gradus sub <a href="/wiki/Aequator" class="mw-redirect" title="Aequator">aequatore</a>, inter <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Ugandam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzaniam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burundia" title="Burundia">Burundiam</a>, ac <a href="/wiki/Res_publica_democratica_Congensis" title="Res publica democratica Congensis">Rem publicam democraticam Congensem</a> sita. Ruanda est terra edita, in <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regione</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lacus_magni_Africani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lacus magni Africani (non est haec pagina)">lacuum magnorum Africanorum</a> patens, <a href="/wiki/Mons" title="Mons">montibus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Occidens" title="Occidens">occidente</a> et in <a href="/wiki/Oriens" title="Oriens">oriente</a> <a href="/wiki/Savanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Savanna">savanna</a> distincta, multis <a href="/wiki/Lacus" title="Lacus">lacubus</a> praedita. <a href="/wiki/Clima" title="Clima">Caelum</a> est <a href="/wiki/Zona_temperata" title="Zona temperata">temperatum</a> vel <a href="/wiki/Zona_tropica" title="Zona tropica">tropicum</a>, duobus <a href="/wiki/Pluvia" title="Pluvia">pluviosis</a> temporibus duobusque siccis quotannis definita. </p><p>Maxima populi Ruandensis pars est iuvenis et <a href="/wiki/Rus" title="Rus">ruri</a> habitat; <a href="/wiki/Spissitudo_incolarum" title="Spissitudo incolarum">spissitudo incolarum</a> inter maximas in Africa est. Populus constat ex tribus gentibus: <a href="/wiki/Hutu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutu">Hutuensibus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Latinitas_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Latinitas-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tutsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutsi">Tutsiensibus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Latinitas_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Latinitas-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Twa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twa (non est haec pagina)">Twaënsibus</a>. Twaënses sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pygmaei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pygmaei (non est haec pagina)">pygmaei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silva" title="Silva">silvam</a> habitantes, primorum incolarum Ruandae progenies. Origo Hutuensium et Tutsiensium atque eorum distinctio disputantur; aliqui eos ex ordinibus societatis provenisse censent, alii genera distincta ducent. Religio principalis est <a href="/wiki/Christianitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianitas">Christianitas</a>, et lingua principalis est <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Ruandensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua Ruandensis (non est haec pagina)">Ruadensis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Francogallica" class="mw-redirect" title="Francogallica">Francogallica</a> et <a href="/wiki/Anglica" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglica">Anglica</a> etiam sunt <a href="/wiki/Lingua_publica" title="Lingua publica">linguae publicae</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Caput_(urbs)" title="Caput (urbs)">Caput</a> et <a href="/wiki/Urbs" title="Urbs">urbs</a> maxima est <a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a>. Praeses est <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Kagame" title="Paulus Kagame">Paulus Kagame</a>, qui munus rei publicae ex anno <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> sustinet. Ruanda hodie prae civitatibus vicinis paulum habet <a href="/wiki/Corruptio" title="Corruptio">corruptionis</a>, quamquam societates <a href="/wiki/Iura_humana" title="Iura humana">iura humana</a> defendentes nuntiant factiones adversas supprimi et <a href="/wiki/Libertas_loquendi" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertas loquendi">libertatem loquendi</a> coërceri. Terra ex tempore ante imperium Europaeum per ordinem severum recta est et divisa in quinque provincias. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Venatores_et_collectores" class="mw-redirect" title="Venatores et collectores">Venatores et collectores</a> in hos agros aetatibus <a href="/wiki/Aetas_lapidea" title="Aetas lapidea">lapidea</a> <a href="/wiki/Aetas_ferrea" title="Aetas ferrea">ferreaque</a> se collocaverunt; deinde consecuti sunt gentes <a href="/wiki/Bantu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu">Bantu</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regnum_Ruandense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regnum Ruandense (non est haec pagina)">Regnum Ruandense</a> a medio saeculo XVIII dominatum est, cum reges Tutsienses aemulos vicissent; tum leges contra Hutuenses sanxerunt. <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> anno <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a> coloniam in Ruandam deducere coepit; deinde <a href="/wiki/Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> anno <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> invasit. Ambae civitates Europaeae per reges indigenas regnabant et rationibus Tutsiensibus favebant. Hutuenses anno <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a> rebellaverunt, magnam caedem Tutsiensium facientes, et anno <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a> civitatem sui iuris statuerunt, ab Hutuensibus rectam. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_agmen_patrioticum_Ruandense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primum agmen patrioticum Ruandense (non est haec pagina)">Primum agmen patrioticum Ruandense</a>, a Tutsiensibus ductum, anno <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> <a href="/wiki/Bellum_civile" title="Bellum civile">bellum civile</a> intulit, et anno <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Generis_occidio_Ruandensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Generis occidio Ruandensis (non est haec pagina)">generis occidione Ruandensi</a> rerum novarum assectatores Hutuenses inter quingenta milia et decies centena milia Tutsiensium et moderatorum Hutuensium occiderunt. Primum agmen victoriam consequens <a href="/wiki/Generis_occidio" class="mw-redirect" title="Generis occidio">generis occidionem</a> terminavit. </p><p>Oeconomia Ruandae tempore generis occidionis graviter nocita est, sed exinde partim se refecit. Plerumque in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultura_subsistentiae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agricultura subsistentiae (non est haec pagina)">agricultura subsistentiae</a> nititur; <a href="/wiki/Coffeum" title="Coffeum">coffeum</a> et <a href="/wiki/Thea" title="Thea">thea</a> sunt principalia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exportatio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exportatio (non est haec pagina)">exportationis</a> producta. <a href="/wiki/Periegesis" title="Periegesis">Periegesis</a> est pars celeriter crescens oeconomiae; multi viatores ad <a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorillas</a> feras videndas veniunt. Ruanda nobilis est sua musica, saltatione, atque arte oculorum, in qua categoria distinguitur ars singularis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imigongo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imigongo (non est haec pagina)">imigongo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fimus">fimo</a> <a href="/wiki/Bos_taurus" title="Bos taurus">bubulo</a> facta. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_rebus_gestis">De rebus gestis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: De rebus gestis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: De rebus gestis"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paulo post <a href="/wiki/Aevum_glaciale_recentissimum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aevum glaciale recentissimum">aevum glaciale recentissimum</a>, tempore <a href="/wiki/Neolithicum" title="Neolithicum">neolithico</a>, inter annos 8000 et 3000 a.C.n., homines, ut videtur, terram Ruandensem incolare coeperunt. Archaeologi indicia invenerunt sparsarum <a href="/wiki/Venatio_et_collectio" title="Venatio et collectio">venatorum collectorumque</a> habitationum ex <a href="/wiki/Aetas_lapidea" title="Aetas lapidea">aetate lapidea</a> recentiore et maiori numeri incolarum ex principii <a href="/wiki/Aetas_ferrea" title="Aetas ferrea">aetatis ferreae</a>, qui <a href="/wiki/Opus_fictile" title="Opus fictile">fictilia</a> lacunosa et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferramenta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferramenta (non est haec pagina)">ferramenta</a> fabricaverunt. Hi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aborigines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aborigines (non est haec pagina)">aborigines</a> erant maiores <a href="/w/index.php?title=Twa%C3%ABnses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twaënses (non est haec pagina)">Twaënsium</a>, venatorum collectorumque <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pygmaei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pygmaei (non est haec pagina)">pygmaeorum</a> qui hodie in Ruanda manent. Aliquot tribus <a href="/wiki/Bantuenses" title="Bantuenses">Bantuenses</a> Inter annos 700 et 1500 A.D. in Ruandam migraverunt, terram aperientes agriculturae. Twaënses, habitationibus silvestribus perditis, in montes migraverunt. Aliqui historici habent primos colonos Hutuenses fuisse, et deinde migravisse Tutsienses, genus distinctum, fortasse originis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chusitae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chusitae (non est haec pagina)">Chusiticae</a>. Alii ducent migrationem tardam constantemque fuisse, ac greges migratorum in societatem non opugnantes integravisse; itaque distinctionem inter Hutuenses et Tutsienses postea ortam esse, rem <a href="/wiki/Classis" class="mw-redirect" title="Classis">classis</a> et non <a href="/wiki/Rassa" title="Rassa">rassae</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg/220px-Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg/330px-Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg/440px-Rwanda_Nyanza_Mwami_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Domus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Ruandae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rex Ruandae (non est haec pagina)">regis Ruandae</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyanza_(Ruanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyanza (Ruanda) (non est haec pagina)">Nyanzae</a> reconstructa</figcaption></figure> <p>Primae in regione greges sociales fuerunt gentes (<i>ubwoko</i>), quoque saepe homines trium nationum comprehendente. A <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_15" title="Saeculum 15">saeculo XV</a> gentes in <a href="/wiki/Regnum" title="Regnum">regna</a> formaverunt; anno <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a> circiter octo regna erant in futura terra Ruanda. Unum ex illis, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regnum_Ruandense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regnum Ruandense (non est haec pagina)">Regnum Ruandense</a>, a gente Tutsiensi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyiginya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyiginya (non est haec pagina)">Nyiginya</a> rectum, medio <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_18" title="Saeculum 18">saeculi XVIII</a> dominari coepit et <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_19" title="Saeculum 19">saeculo XIX</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kigeli_Rwabugiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kigeli Rwabugiri (non est haec pagina)">Kigeli Rwabugiri</a> rege maximam superficiem assecutum est. Rwabugiri plures civitates minores vicit, regnum ad occidentem et septentrionem amplificavit, reformationes instituit, comprehendentes <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuhake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubuhake (non est haec pagina)">ubuhake</a></i>, quo patroni Tutsienses clientibus Hutuensibus aut Tutsiensibus <a href="/wiki/Pecus" title="Pecus">pecus</a> pro <a href="/wiki/Servitus" title="Servitus">servitute</a> donabant, et <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uburetwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uburetwa (non est haec pagina)">uburetwa</a></i>, servitutem <a href="/wiki/Feudalismus" title="Feudalismus">feudalem</a> qua Hutuenses ducibus Tutsiensibus laborare cogebantur. Mutationes Rwabugiri ad divisionem crescentem inter Hutuenses et Tutsienses duxerunt. Condicio Twaënsium melior quam diebus ante regnum facta est, aliquis <a href="/wiki/Saltatio" title="Saltatio">saltatoribus</a> in aula regia laborantibus, sed numeri non desierunt decrescere. </p><p>Terra Ruanda, in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congressus_Berolinensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congressus Berolinensis (non est haec pagina)">congressu Berolinensi</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Germanicum_(1871-1918)" title="Imperium Germanicum (1871-1918)">Germaniae</a> assignata, pars <a href="/wiki/Africa_Germanica_Orientalis" title="Africa Germanica Orientalis">Africae Germanicae orientalis</a> facta est; sic coepit tempus colonicum. Explorator <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavus_Adolphus_von_G%C3%B6tzen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustavus Adolphus von Götzen (non est haec pagina)">Gustavus Adolphus von Götzen</a> primus Europaeus anno 1894 terram ab australo-orientali plaga ad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lacus_Kivu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lacus Kivu (non est haec pagina)">lacum Kivu</a> transiens exploravit et regem cognovit. Germani non multum ordo civilem mutaverunt, sed potius regi aderant et principibus locorum imperium delegabant. Copiae <a href="/wiki/Belgica" title="Belgica">Belgicae</a> in <a href="/wiki/Primum_bellum_mundanum" title="Primum bellum mundanum">primo bello mundo</a> Ruandama occupaverunt, tempus incipientes imperii colonici directioris. Belgium imperium explicans potestatem ad caput transtulit, magna consilia <a href="/wiki/Educatio" title="Educatio">educationis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salus" title="Salus">salutis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera_publica" title="Opera publica">operum publicorum</a> introduxit, ac <a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agriculturam</a> reformavit, novas fruges et artes rusticas ferens ad <a href="/wiki/Fames" title="Fames">famis</a> crebritatem reducendam. Et Germani et Belgae dominatum Tutsiensem adiuvaverunt, Hutuenses et Tutsiense genera dissimilia habentes. Belgium anno <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charta_identitatis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charta identitatis (non est haec pagina)">chartas identitatis</a> introduxit, unum quemque Tutsiensem, Hutuensem, Twaënsem, vel civem novum nominantes. Quamquam antea Hutuenses divitiores Tutsienses honorarii fieri poterant, chartae identitatis motum inter classes prohibuerunt. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Flag_of_Rwanda_(1961%E2%80%932001).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Rwanda_%281961%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Vexillum Ruandense inter annos <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a> et <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Belgium post <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secundum_bellum_mundam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secundum bellum mundam (non est haec pagina)">secundum bellum mundam</a> Ruandam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terram_fiduciariam_Nationum_Unitarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terram fiduciariam Nationum Unitarum (non est haec pagina)">fiduciariam terram</a> regere perseveravit, a <a href="/wiki/Nationes_Unitae" title="Nationes Unitae">Nationibus Unitis</a> mandatum accipiens, ut transitum in <a href="/wiki/Independentia" title="Independentia">libertatem</a> curaret. Inter Tutsienses, qui libertati promptae favebant, et motum liberationis Hutuensem adauctae sunt contentiones, quae in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Res_novae_Ruandenses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Res novae Ruandenses (non est haec pagina)">Rebus novis Ruandensibus</a> anni <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a> columen attigerunt. Assectatores rerum novarum Hutuenses Tutsienses interficere coeperunt, plus centena milia cogentes in terras vicinas confugere. Anno <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a> Belgae nunc Hutuensibus faventes ad populum tulerunt suffragium, quo <a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">imperium regum</a> sublatum est. Ruanda a <a href="/wiki/Burundia" title="Burundia">Burundia</a> separata anno <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a> liber facta est. Cycli violentiae secuti sunt, ubi exsules Tutsienses ex terris vicinis invaserunt et Hutuenses, Tutsienses necantes opprimentesque, par pari retulerunt. Anno <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iuvenalis_Habyarimana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iuvenalis Habyarimana (non est haec pagina)">Iuvenalis Habyarimana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Subitanea_rerum_conversio" class="mw-redirect" title="Subitanea rerum conversio">subitanea eversione</a> militari imperium occupavit. Rationes contra Hutuenses intentes permanserunt, sed oeconomia processit et violentia adversus Tutsienses reducta est. Twaënses, anno 1990 fere omnes ex silvis ire coacti, derelicti manserunt, et multi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mendicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mendicus (non est haec pagina)">mendici</a> facti sunt. Numero incolarum a 1.6 millionibus anno 1934 ad 7.1 milliones anno 1989 crescente, homines inter se ad terram impetrandam contendere coeperunt. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_(1980).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_%281980%29.jpg/170px-Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_%281980%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_%281980%29.jpg/255px-Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_%281980%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_%281980%29.jpg/340px-Juv%C3%A9nal_Habyarimana_%281980%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="1287" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iuvenalis_Habyarimana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iuvenalis Habyarimana (non est haec pagina)">Iuvenalis Habyarimana</a>, praeses inter annos 1973 et 1994</figcaption></figure> <p>Anno <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_agmen_patrioticum_Ruandense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primum agmen patrioticum Ruandense (non est haec pagina)">Primum agmen patrioticum Ruandense</a>, grex defectorum exsulumque plerumque Tutsiensium, Ruandam septentrionalem invasit, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellum_civile_Ruandense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bellum civile Ruandense (non est haec pagina)">bellum civile Ruandense</a> incipiens. Neutra factio alteram superare poterat, sed ad annum <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a> bellum imperium Habyarimana debilitavit; manifestationes eum in coalitionem cum parte adversa domestica ire coegerunt et tandem anno <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> cum Agmine patriotico Ruandensi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pactum_Arusha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pactum Arusha (non est haec pagina)">pactum Arusha</a> subscribere. Indutiae die <a href="/wiki/6_Aprilis" title="6 Aprilis">6 Aprilis</a> <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> desiverunt, cum Habyarimana, aëroplano suo prope aëroportum <a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a> sclopetis conficto, interfectus esset. Caedes proxima causa fuit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Generis_occidio_Ruandensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Generis occidio Ruandensis (non est haec pagina)">generis occidionis Ruandensis</a>, qui intra paucas horas coepit. Per circiter centum dies, inter quingenta milia et decies centena milia Tutsiensium et moderatorum Hutuensium occisa sunt in impetibus praemeditatis, a re publica temporaria iussis. Multi Twaënses quoque necati sunt, quamquam non erant scopi principales. Primum agmen Tutsiense denuo bellum intulit et disposite terram capere coepit, totam patriam medio mense Iulio occupans. Parvum fuit aliarum civitatum responsum occidioni; maiores potestates pacificas Nationum Unitarum copias nimis oneratas firmare nolebant. Cum Primum agmen imperium ceperunt, fere duo milliones Hutuensium <a href="/wiki/Talio" title="Talio">talionem</a> timentes in civitates vicinas, praesertim <a href="/wiki/Zairum" class="mw-redirect" title="Zairum">Zairum</a>, effugerunt; etiam exercitus primi agminis in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Congense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primum bellum Congense (non est haec pagina)">primo</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secundum_bellum_Congonse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secundum bellum Congonse (non est haec pagina)">secundoque bellis Congensibus</a> pugnavit. In Ruanda iustitiae reconciliationisque concordiae coepit tempus: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribunal_criminale_internationale_Ruandae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribunal criminale internationale Ruandae (non est haec pagina)">Tribunal criminale internationale Ruandae</a> statutum est et denuo est introducta ratio iudiciorum a maioribus tradita, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gacaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gacaca (non est haec pagina)">gacaca</a></i> appellata. Annis <a href="/wiki/Anni_2000" title="Anni 2000">2000</a> <a href="/wiki/Oeconomia" title="Oeconomia">oeconomia</a>, numerus <a href="/wiki/Peregrinatio" class="mw-disambig" title="Peregrinatio">peregrinatorum</a>, atque <a href="/wiki/Index_Evolutionis_Humanae" class="mw-redirect" title="Index Evolutionis Humanae">index progressus humani</a> rapide crescerunt, et proportiones <a href="/wiki/Paupertas" title="Paupertas">paupertatis</a> ac <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mortalitas_infantilis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mortalitas infantilis (non est haec pagina)">mortalitatis infantilis</a> deminutae sunt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_re_politica">De re politica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: De re politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: De re politica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg/170px-Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg/255px-Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg/340px-Paul_Kagame_New_York_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1443" data-file-height="1804" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paulus_Kagame" title="Paulus Kagame">Paulus Kagame</a>, praeses ab anno 2000.</figcaption></figure> <p>Praeses Ruandae est <a href="/wiki/Dux_civitatis" title="Dux civitatis">dux civitatis</a>, cui sunt potestates ampliae: rationes rei publicae gerendae cum consilio ministrorum facit, privilegium <a href="/wiki/Misericordia" title="Misericordia">misericordiae</a> exercet, armatorum copias imperat, <a href="/wiki/Pactio" title="Pactio">pactiones</a> agit et subscribit, edicta praesidalia subscribit, et bellum vel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Status_necessitatis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Status necessitatis (non est haec pagina)">statum necessitatis</a> indicere potest. Praeses per septem annos suffragiis populi eligitur, et ipse primum ministrum aliosque ministros designat. Nunc praeses est <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Kagame" title="Paulus Kagame">Paulus Kagame</a>, qui anno 2000, postquam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pastor_Bizimungu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pastor Bizimungu (non est haec pagina)">Pastor Bizimungu</a> se abdicavit, munus accepit. Postea in comitiis anni 2003 et 2010 vicit, quamquam <a href="/wiki/Organizatio_re_publica_vacans" title="Organizatio re publica vacans">collegia civilia</a> electiones vituperantes dixerunt, "insignes fuerunt iniuriis magistratuum et persecutione <a href="/wiki/Libertas_loquendi" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertas loquendi">libertatis loquendi</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Constitutio praesens suffragio anno 2003 habito ascita est, pro constitutione temporaria anni 1994 substituta. Constitutio rem publicam democraticam requirit, e pluribus factionibus electis compositam. Nonnullas autem condiciones postulat: articulum 54 vetat "organizationes politicas se in rassa, ethne, tribu, gente, regione, sexu, vel alio divisione quae praeiudicium parere potest fundare". Res publica etiam leges sanxit generis occidionis proscribentes ideologiam, quae minas, orationes probrosas, negationem occidionis, ac victimarum irrisionem comprehendere potest. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> dicit has leges Ruandam civitatem unius factionis facere, quia "res publica, specie aliae generis occidionis impediendae, generum fundamentalium dissensionis insignam intolerantiam ostendit".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amnesty_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amnesty International (non est haec pagina)">Amnesty International</a> etiam severe iudicat, in relatione anni 2010 dicens leges de ideologia generis occidionis usurpari ut "dissensionem restinguant, comprehendentem reprehensionem factionis regnantis et exigentias iustitiae pro Primi agminis <a href="/wiki/Scelus_bellicum" title="Scelus bellicum">sceleribus bellicis</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parlamentum, ex duabus cameris constans, <a href="/wiki/Lex" title="Lex">leges</a> fert et actiones praesidis consiliique ministrorum curat. Inferiori camerae sunt octaginta legati, qui officia quinque annorum sustinent. Viginti quattuor sedium reservantur mulieribus, qui per magistratuum loci conventum eliguntur; tres sedes reservantur <a href="/wiki/Adulescens" class="mw-redirect" title="Adulescens">adulescentibus</a> et <a href="/wiki/Debilitas" title="Debilitas">debilibus</a>; quinque tres reliquae <a href="/wiki/Suffragium_universale" title="Suffragium universale">suffragio universali</a> eliguntur per rationem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Repraesentatio_proportionalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repraesentatio proportionalis (non est haec pagina)">repraesentationis proportionalis</a>. Camera legatorum praesens unam et quinque habet <a href="/wiki/Mulier" title="Mulier">mulieres</a>, quae sunt sola maioritas muliebris in summo parlamento quaelibet civitatis orbis terrarum. Camera superior viginti sex sedium comprehendit, cuius senatores per varia corpora publica eliguntur. Minimum triginta centesimarum partium senati debet ex mulieribus consistere. Senatores officia octo annorum sustinent. </p><p>Lex Ruandensis plerumque in <a href="/wiki/Ius_civile" title="Ius civile">iure civili</a> Germanico Belgicoque fundatur, atque in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ius_consuetudinarium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ius consuetudinarium (non est haec pagina)">iure consuetudinario</a>. Ramus iudicialis ex ramo exsecutivo non pendet, quamquam praeses et senatus creatione supremae curiae iudicum implicantur. Organizatio <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> administrationem Ruandensem in emendatione iustitiae laudavit, praecipue quoniam <a href="/wiki/Poena_capitalis" title="Poena capitalis">poenam mortis</a> aboleverunt, sed etiam magistratus accusant intercessionis in iudicio, comprehendentem factiosam iudicum creationem, perversum potestatis prosecutoriae usum, atque pravum in iudicationes vim. Constitutio duo <a href="/wiki/Iudicium" title="Iudicium">iudiciorum</a> genera suppeditat, ordinaria et singularia: iudicia ordinaria sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suprema_Curia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suprema Curia (non est haec pagina)">Suprema Curia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alta_Curia" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Alta Curia">Alta Curia</a>, ac tribunalia <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regionum</a>; singularia autem iudicia sunt tribunalia militaria et iudicia traditionalia Gacaca, quae ad generis occidionis suspectos iudicandos restituta sunt. </p><p>Ruanda parvum gradum corruptionis habet, cum aliis civitatibus Africanis comparata; anno 2010 organization <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> Ruandam habuit octavam purissimam inter 47 civitates <a href="/wiki/Africa_Subsahariana" title="Africa Subsahariana">Africae Subsaharianae</a>, et 66-am purissimam inter 178 in orbe terrarum. Pugna contra corruptionem muneri <a href="/wiki/Diamesolabeta" title="Diamesolabeta">defensoris populi</a> secundum constitutionem mandatur; magistratús huic defensori publicoque divitias suas declarare requiruntur, sub poena cessationis muneris. </p><p>Primum agmen patrioticum Ruandense est ab anno 1994 factio dominans. Potestatem praesidis et maioris partis parlamenti in electionibus nationalibus tenuit, plus quam 70 centesimas suffragii constanter accipiens. Primum agmen factionem a Tutsiensibus rectam habetur, sed in pluribus locis patriae favetur propter pacem permanentem, stabilitatem, ac incrementum oeconomicum. Organizationes autem iurum hominis affirmant rectionem libertatem gregum opponentium opprimere. </p><p>Ruanda est socius <a href="/wiki/Consociatio_Nationum" class="mw-redirect" title="Consociatio Nationum">Consociationis Nationum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unio_Africana" title="Unio Africana">Unionis Africanarum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_francophonie" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation internationale de la francophonie">Societatis internationalis Francophoniae</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Communitas_Africae_orientalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communitas Africae orientalis (non est haec pagina)">Communitatis Africae orientalis</a>, ac <a href="/wiki/Consortio_Populorum" title="Consortio Populorum">Consortionis Populorum</a>. Amicitia cum Francia Belgioque multis annis Habyarimana praeside habebat, sed sub rectione primi agminis societatem cum terris vicinis Anglophonisque quaesivit. Coniunctiones publicae cum Francia inter annos 2006 et 2010 dilatae sunt, post accusationem magistratuum Ruandensium a iudice Francico factam. Negotiatio cum <a href="/wiki/Res_publica_democratica_Congensis" title="Res publica democratica Congensis">Re publica democratcia Congensi</a> perturbata est post implicationem Ruandensem in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Congense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primum bellum Congense (non est haec pagina)">primo</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secundum_bellum_Congense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secundum bellum Congense (non est haec pagina)">secundoque bellis Congensibus</a>. Coniunctiones cum Uganda <a href="/wiki/Decennium_201" class="mw-redirect" title="Decennium 201">annis 2000</a> perturbatae sunt postquam anno 1999 in secundo bello Congense inter se pugnaverunt. Annis recentiorbus, coniunctiones cum Uganda Congoque emendatae sunt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_divisione_administrativa">De divisione administrativa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: De divisione administrativa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: De divisione administrativa"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:RwandaGeoProvinces.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/RwandaGeoProvinces.png/220px-RwandaGeoProvinces.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/RwandaGeoProvinces.png 1.5x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>Provinciae Ruandae: borealis, orientalis, australis, occidentalis, ac Kigali.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ruanda ex tempore ante <a href="/wiki/Colonia" title="Colonia">colonias</a> <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europaeas</a> per ordinem severum administrata est. Olim rex, <i>mwami</i> appellatus, per ordinem provinciarum, pagorum, collium, regionumque imperabat. Constitutio praesens terram in provincias (<i>intara</i>), pagos (<i>uturere</i>), urbes, municipia, oppida, sectores (<i>imirenge</i>), cellas (<i>utugari</i>), vicos (<i>imidugudu</i>) dividit; maiores autem divisiones a parlamento statuuntur. </p><p>Provinciae inter rectionem reipublicae et eius pagos constituentes intercedunt, ut consilia civitatis in pagis fieret. Quisque provincia regitur a gubernatore, a praeside creato et a senatu approbato. Pagi officiorum redditionem et progressionem oeconomicam curant. Sectores secundum pagos officia reddunt. Pagis sectoribusque sunt consilia directe electa, quae commissionem ad pagos sectoresque agendas creant. Cellae et vici sunt divisiones minimas, quae populum cum sectoribus coniungunt. Omnes cives incolae adulti sunt membra consilii cellarii, ex quo commissio exsecutiva creatur. Urbs Kigali est divisio gradús provincialis quae rationes urbanas curat. </p><p>Fines divisionum civitatis anno <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> terminati sunt ut potestatem capitis diffunderent et coniunctionem cum rectione vetere removerent. Ordini priori duodecim provinciarum circa urbes maximas sitas substitutum est systema quinque provinciarum geographicarum: borealis, australis, orientalis, occidentalis, ac municipii Kigali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_geographia">De geographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: De geographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: De geographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:KageraRuvubu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/KageraRuvubu.jpg/220px-KageraRuvubu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/KageraRuvubu.jpg/330px-KageraRuvubu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/KageraRuvubu.jpg/440px-KageraRuvubu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Fluvii <a href="/wiki/Kagera" title="Kagera">Kagera</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruvubu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruvubu (non est haec pagina)">Ruvubu</a> in regione <a href="/wiki/Nilus" title="Nilus">Nili</a> superioris siti</figcaption></figure> <p>Ruanda, <a href="/wiki/Area_(geometria)" title="Area (geometria)">aream</a> 26 338 km<sup>2</sup> occupans, est 149<sup>a</sup> inter civitates <a href="/wiki/Tellus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellus">orbis terrarum</a> magnitudine, <a href="/wiki/Superficies" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficies">superficie</a> <a href="/wiki/Burundia" title="Burundia">Burundiae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haitia" title="Haitia">Haitiae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albaniaeque</a> similis. Tota terra est alta: locus humillimus est fluvius Rusizi, <a href="/wiki/Altitudo" title="Altitudo">altitudine</a> 950 metrorum situs. Ruanda, exitu in mare carens, in Africa media orientali iacet, aliquot gradus ad austrum ab <a href="/wiki/Aequator" class="mw-redirect" title="Aequator">aequatore</a>. Fines habet cum <a href="/wiki/Res_publica_democratica_Congensis" title="Res publica democratica Congensis">Re publica democratica Congensi</a> ad occidentem, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> ad boream, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> ad orientem, ac <a href="/wiki/Burundia" title="Burundia">Burundia</a> ad austrum. Caput Kigali est in Ruanda fere media. </p><p>Divortium aquarum inter systemata <a href="/wiki/Congo_(flumen)" title="Congo (flumen)">Congense</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nilus" title="Nilus">Nilense</a> per Ruandam a borea ad austrum currit, 80% terrae superficiei per <a href="/wiki/Kagera" title="Kagera">Kageram</a> et <a href="/wiki/Lacus_Victoria" title="Lacus Victoria">lacum Victoriam</a> in Nilum defluente, 20% in Congo per flumen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rusizi (non est haec pagina)">Rusizi</a> et <a href="/wiki/Lacus_Tanganyika" title="Lacus Tanganyika">lacum Tanganyikam</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_biologia">De biologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: De biologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: De biologia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg/220px-Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg/330px-Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg/440px-Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6528" data-file-height="4336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damaliscus_korrigum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damaliscus korrigum (non est haec pagina)">Damalisci korrigum</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saeptum_nationale_Akagera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saeptum nationale Akagera (non est haec pagina)">saepto nationali Akagera</a> exsultant.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tempore priore quam res gestae scriptae sunt, silva montana tertiam partem Ruandae praesentis occupabant; hodie silvae naturales clausi sunt in tribus saeptis civitatis, et alibi dominantur agri in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agger_terreus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agger terreus (non est haec pagina)">aggeribus terreis</a> culti. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyungwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyungwe (non est haec pagina)">Nyungwe</a>, maximus tractus silvosus manens, ducentas arboris species, atque <a href="/wiki/Orchidaceae" title="Orchidaceae">orchidaceas</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Begoniaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Begoniaceae (non est haec pagina)">begoniaceas</a> continet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_oeconomia">De oeconomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Recensere partem: De oeconomia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: De oeconomia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg/220px-MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg/330px-MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg/440px-MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Semina coffei in regione <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maraba_(Ruanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maraba (Ruanda) (non est haec pagina)">Maraba</a> arescunt. Coffeum est una ex magnis Ruandae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seges (non est haec pagina)">segitibus</a> mercatoriarum.</figcaption></figure> <p>Oeconomia Ruandae in generis occidione anni <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> graviter passa est, propter magnam vitae amissionem, infrastructuram dilabentem, rapinam, ac neglectum agriculturae mercatoriae. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_communicatione_sociali">De communicatione sociali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Recensere partem: De communicatione sociali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: De communicatione sociali"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maximae stationes <a href="/wiki/Telecommunicatio" title="Telecommunicatio">telecommunicationis</a> sicut <a href="/wiki/Radiophonia" title="Radiophonia">radiophonicae</a> et <a href="/wiki/Televisio" title="Televisio">telvisificae</a> a civitate geruntur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_educatione">De educatione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Recensere partem: De educatione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: De educatione"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png/220px-Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png/330px-Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png/440px-Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Discipuli in schola secondaria Ruandensi</figcaption></figure> <p>Res publica novem annos disciplinae <a href="/wiki/Educatio_gratuita" title="Educatio gratuita">gratuitae</a> in <a href="/wiki/Schola" title="Schola">scholis</a> publicis praebet: sex annos in schola primaria et tres annos in programmate commune secondario. Praeses Kagame anno 2010 nuntiavit se tribus annis educationem gratuitam extenturum esse. Multi <a href="/wiki/Puer" title="Puer">pueri</a> pauperiores adhuc in scholam non eunt, propter vestitus librorumque sumptum ac laborem domesticum. Sunt in omni terra et scholae privatae, aliquae ab ecclesia gestae, quae idem curriculum sequuntur, sed mercedes appellant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ruanda -ae" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ft0MIKWqPwC">vide pp. 425-427</a> apud <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxonposition/id402698/">Ptilonyssus ruandae sylviae</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/M/Musa_ruandensis/"><i>Musa ruandensis</i></a> et <a href="/wiki/Binomen" title="Binomen">binomina</a> alia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biolib.cz/cz/stats/id302359/">Dasymys rwandae</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/K/Keetia_rwandensis/"><i>Keetia rwandensis</i></a> et binomina alia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_Ruandensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua Ruandensis (non est haec pagina)">Lingua Ruandensi</a> <i>Repubulika y'u Rwanda</i>, <a href="/wiki/Francogallice" class="mw-redirect" title="Francogallice">Francogallice</a> <i>République du Rwanda</i>, <a href="/wiki/Anglice" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglice">Anglice</a> <i>Republic of Rwanda</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Latinitas-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Latinitas_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Latinitas_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Latinitas</i>, vol. 36-37, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=_B68AAAAIAAJ&q=tutsiensis">208</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Human Rights Watch, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2010/08/02/rwanda-attacks-freedom-expression-freedom-association-and-freedom-assembly-run-presi">Rwanda: Silencing Dissent Ahead of Elections</a>" (2 Augusti 2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenneth Roth, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2009/04/11/power-horror-rwanda">The power of horror in Rwanda</a>", Human Rights Watch (11 Aprilis 2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Amnesty International,"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140422191325/http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/rwanda/report-2010">Human Rights in Republic of Rwanda</a>" (2010).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1638_Ruanda" title="1638 Ruanda">1638 Ruanda</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_externi">Nexus externi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Recensere partem: Nexus externi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Nexus externi"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" class="extiw" title="commons:Pagina prima">Vicimedia Communia</a></b> plura habent quae ad <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rwanda" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rwanda">Ruandam</a></b> spectant. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.rw/">Pagina publica</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3854889">.mw-parser-output div.capsanav{margin:1.5em auto;border:1px solid #d2d4d8;font-size:95%;clear:both;border-radius:1em;background-color:rgba(0,32,255,.03);padding:.25em .8em;box-shadow:8px 8px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.2);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav div.capsanav-titulus{font-weight:bold;font-size:100%;background-color:rgba(13,0,186,.073);padding:.1em .75em;margin:0 -.55em;border-radius:1em}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav div.capsanav-contenta{padding:.5em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav table.capsanav-vas{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-vas td.capsanav-imago{text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px;width:auto}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav table.capsanav-tabella,.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-vas td.capsanav-prima{width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella th{width:auto;white-space:nowrap;padding:.1em .45em .1em .25em;background-color:rgba(0,32,255,.073)}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella td{width:100%;padding:.1em .25em .1em .45em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella tr:first-of-type>th{border-radius:1em 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella tr:last-of-type>th{border-radius:0 0 1em 1em}</style><div class="NaFrame mw-collapsible capsanav mw-collapsed"> <div class="NaHead capsanav-titulus">Civitates et territoria <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africae</a></div> <div class="NaContent mw-collapsible-content capsanav-contenta"> <table class="capsanav-tabella"><tbody><tr><th>Civitates</th><td> <p><a href="/wiki/Aegyptus" title="Aegyptus">Aegyptus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Africa_Australis" title="Africa Australis">Africa Australis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Algerium" title="Algerium">Algerium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Angolia" title="Angolia">Angolia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Beninum" title="Beninum">Beninum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Burkina" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkina">Burkina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Burundia" title="Burundia">Burundia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cameronia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameronia">Cameronia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dzibutum" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzibutum">Dzibutum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Erythraea" title="Erythraea">Erythraea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gabonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabonia">Gabonia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Aequatorensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea Aequatorensis">Guinea Aequatorensis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Bissaviensis" title="Guinea Bissaviensis">Guinea Bissaviensis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Insulae_Comorianae" title="Insulae Comorianae">Insulae Comorianae</a> · <a href="/wiki/Insulae_Sancti_Thomae_et_Principis" title="Insulae Sancti Thomae et Principis">Insulae Sancti Thomae et Principis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Insulae_Seisellenses" title="Insulae Seisellenses">Insulae Seisellenses</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kenia" title="Kenia">Kenia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lesothum" title="Lesothum">Lesothum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Litus_Eburneum" title="Litus Eburneum">Litus Eburneum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Madagascaria" title="Madagascaria">Madagascaria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malavium" class="mw-redirect" title="Malavium">Malavium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malium" class="mw-redirect" title="Malium">Malium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marocum" title="Marocum">Marocum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mauritia" title="Mauritia">Mauritia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mons_Leoninus" title="Mons Leoninus">Mons Leoninus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mozambicum" title="Mozambicum">Mozambicum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Promontorium_Viride" class="mw-redirect" title="Promontorium Viride">Promontorium Viride</a> · <a href="/wiki/Respublica_Africae_Mediae" class="mw-redirect" title="Respublica Africae Mediae">Respublica Africae Mediae</a> · <a href="/wiki/Respublica_Congensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Respublica Congensis">Respublica Congensis</a> (Brazzapolis) · <a href="/wiki/Respublica_Democratica_Congensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Respublica Democratica Congensis">Respublica Democratica Congensis</a> (Kinshasa) · <a href="/wiki/Res_publica_Nigritana" class="mw-redirect" title="Res publica Nigritana">Res publica Nigritana</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ruanda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Senegalia" title="Senegalia">Senegalia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Swazia" title="Swazia">Swazia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sudania" title="Sudania">Sudania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sudania_Australis" title="Sudania Australis">Sudania Australis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Togum" title="Togum">Togum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tunesia" title="Tunesia">Tunesia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tzadia" title="Tzadia">Tzadia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zimbabua" title="Zimbabua">Zimbabua</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><th>Territoria</th><td> <p><a href="/wiki/Sancta_Helena_(insula)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancta Helena (insula)">Insula Sanctae Helenae</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Occidentalis" title="Sahara Occidentalis">Sahara Occidentalis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Reunio" title="Reunio">Reunio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maiotta" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiotta">Maiotta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Insulae_Madeirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Insulae Madeirae">Insulae Madeirae</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rusadir" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a> · <a href="/wiki/Septa" title="Septa">Septa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Insulae_Canariae" class="mw-redirect" title="Insulae Canariae">Insulae Canariae</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><small><i><a href="/wiki/Opus:Geopoliticum" class="mw-redirect" title="Opus:Geopoliticum">Opus geopoliticum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nationes_mundi" title="Nationes mundi">Nationes mundi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></i></small></div><div><small><i>Capsae cognatae:</i> <a href="/wiki/Formula:America" title="Formula:America">America</a> • <a href="/wiki/Formula:Asia" title="Formula:Asia">Asia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Formula:Civitates_et_regiones_Europae" title="Formula:Civitates et regiones Europae">Europa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Formula:Oceania" title="Formula:Oceania">Oceania</a></small></div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3854889"><div class="NaFrame mw-collapsible capsanav mw-collapsed"> <div class="NaHead capsanav-titulus">Ruanda : politica</div> <div class="NaContent mw-collapsible-content capsanav-contenta"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3854889"><div class="NaFrame mw-collapsible capsanav mw-collapsed"> <div class="NaHead capsanav-titulus">Praesides Ruandae</div> <div class="NaContent mw-collapsible-content capsanav-contenta"> <table class="capsanav-vas"><tbody><tr><td></td><td class="capsanav-imago" rowspan="3"><div class="NaPic"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/55px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/83px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="732" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="capsanav-prima"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominicus_Mbonyumutwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominicus Mbonyumutwa (non est haec pagina)">Dominicus Mbonyumutwa</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregorius_Kayibanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregorius Kayibanda (non est haec pagina)">Gregorius Kayibanda</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iuvenalis_Habyarimana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iuvenalis Habyarimana (non est haec pagina)">Iuvenalis Habyarimana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodorus_Sindikubwabo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodorus Sindikubwabo (non est haec pagina)">Theodorus Sindikubwabo</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasteur_Bizimungu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasteur Bizimungu (non est haec pagina)">Pasteur Bizimungu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Kagame" title="Paulus Kagame">Paulus Kagame</a> </p> <div><small><i><a href="/wiki/Opus:Geopoliticum" class="mw-redirect" title="Opus:Geopoliticum">Opus geopoliticum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Duces_civitatum_Africanarum_hodiernarum" title="Duces civitatum Africanarum hodiernarum">Duces civitatum Africanarum hodiernarum</a></i></small></div><div><small><i>Capsae cognatae:</i> <a href="/wiki/Formula:Primi_ministri_Ruandae" title="Formula:Primi ministri Ruandae">Primi ministri Ruandae</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3854889"><div class="NaFrame mw-collapsible capsanav mw-collapsed"> <div class="NaHead capsanav-titulus">Primi ministri Ruandae 1991–</div> <div class="NaContent mw-collapsible-content capsanav-contenta"> <table class="capsanav-vas"><tbody><tr><td></td><td class="capsanav-imago" rowspan="3"><div class="NaPic"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/55px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/83px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="732" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="capsanav-prima"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sylvester_Nsanzimana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sylvester Nsanzimana (non est haec pagina)">Sylvester Nsanzimana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dismas_Nsengiyaremye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dismas Nsengiyaremye (non est haec pagina)">Dismas Nsengiyaremye</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agatha_Uwilingiyimana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agatha Uwilingiyimana (non est haec pagina)">Agatha Uwilingiyimana</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannes_Kambanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioannes Kambanda (non est haec pagina)">Ioannes Kambanda</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faustinus_Twagiramungu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faustinus Twagiramungu (non est haec pagina)">Faustinus Twagiramungu</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrus_Caelestinus_Rwigema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrus Caelestinus Rwigema (non est haec pagina)">Petrus Caelestinus Rwigema</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernardus_Makuza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernardus Makuza (non est haec pagina)">Bernardus Makuza</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrus_Habumuremyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrus Habumuremyi (non est haec pagina)">Petrus Habumuremyi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_Murekezi" title="Anastasius Murekezi">Anastasius Murekezi</a> </p> <div><small><i><a href="/wiki/Opus:Geopoliticum" class="mw-redirect" title="Opus:Geopoliticum">Opus geopoliticum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gubernatores_civitatum_Africanarum_hodiernarum" title="Gubernatores civitatum Africanarum hodiernarum">Gubernatores civitatum Africanarum hodiernarum</a></i></small></div><div><small><i>Capsae cognatae:</i> <a href="/wiki/Formula:Praesides_Ruandae" title="Formula:Praesides Ruandae">Praesides Ruandae</a> • <a href="/wiki/Formula:Ministri_rerum_externarum_Ruandenses" title="Formula:Ministri rerum externarum Ruandenses">Ministri rerum externarum Ruandenses</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3854889"><div class="NaFrame mw-collapsible capsanav mw-collapsed"> <div class="NaHead capsanav-titulus">Ministri rerum externarum Ruandenses</div> <div class="NaContent mw-collapsible-content capsanav-contenta"> <table class="capsanav-vas"><tbody><tr><td></td><td class="capsanav-imago" rowspan="3"><div class="NaPic"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/55px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/83px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="732" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="capsanav-prima"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Rusingizandekwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Rusingizandekwe (non est haec pagina)">Otto Rusingizandekwe</a> 1961 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Callixtus_Habamenshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Callixtus Habamenshi (non est haec pagina)">Callixtus Habamenshi</a> 1962 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lazarus_Mpakaniye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lazarus Mpakaniye (non est haec pagina)">Lazarus Mpakaniye</a> 1963 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thaddaeus_Bagaragaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thaddaeus Bagaragaza (non est haec pagina)">Thaddaeus Bagaragaza</a> 1965 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sylvester_Nsanzimana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sylvester Nsanzimana (non est haec pagina)">Sylvester Nsanzimana</a> 1969 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustinus_Munyaneza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustinus Munyaneza (non est haec pagina)">Augustinus Munyaneza</a> 1972 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aloysius_Nsekalije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aloysius Nsekalije (non est haec pagina)">Aloysius Nsekalije</a> 1973 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciscus_Ngarukiyintwali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciscus Ngarukiyintwali (non est haec pagina)">Franciscus Ngarukiyintwali</a> 1979 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casimirus_Bizimungu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casimirus Bizimungu (non est haec pagina)">Casimirus Bizimungu</a> 1989 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonifacius_Ngulinzira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonifacius Ngulinzira (non est haec pagina)">Bonifacius Ngulinzira</a> 1992 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anastasius_Gasana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anastasius Gasana (non est haec pagina)">Anastasius Gasana</a> 1993 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymus_Bicamumpaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hieronymus Bicamumpaka (non est haec pagina)">Hieronymus Bicamumpaka</a> 1994 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannes_Maria_Ndagijimana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioannes Maria Ndagijimana (non est haec pagina)">Ioannes Maria Ndagijimana</a> 1994 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anastasius_Gasana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anastasius Gasana (non est haec pagina)">Anastasius Gasana</a> 1994 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amri_Sued_Ismail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amri Sued Ismail (non est haec pagina)">Amri Sued Ismail</a> 1999 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustinus_Iyamuremye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustinus Iyamuremye (non est haec pagina)">Augustinus Iyamuremye</a> 1999 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Bumaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andreas Bumaya (non est haec pagina)">Andreas Bumaya</a> 2000 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Murigande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolus Murigande (non est haec pagina)">Carolus Murigande</a> 2002 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosamaria_Museminari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosamaria Museminari (non est haec pagina)">Rosamaria Museminari</a> 2008 • <a href="/wiki/Ludovica_Mushikiwabo" title="Ludovica Mushikiwabo">Ludovica Mushikiwabo</a> 2009 • <a href="/wiki/Ricardus_Sezibera" title="Ricardus Sezibera">Ricardus Sezibera</a> 2018 • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincentius_Biruta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincentius Biruta (non est haec pagina)">Vincentius Biruta</a> 2019 </p> <div><small><i><a href="/wiki/Opus:Geopoliticum" class="mw-redirect" title="Opus:Geopoliticum">Opus geopoliticum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ministri_a_rebus_externis_civitatum_Africanarum_hodiernarum" title="Ministri a rebus externis civitatum Africanarum hodiernarum">Ministri a rebus externis civitatum Africanarum hodiernarum</a></i></small></div><div><small><i>Capsae cognatae:</i> <a href="/wiki/Formula:Primi_ministri_Ruandae" title="Formula:Primi ministri Ruandae">Primi ministri Ruandae</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> </div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&oldid=3816380">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruanda&oldid=3816380</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Ruanda" title="Categoria:Ruanda">Ruanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Civitates_sui_iuris" title="Categoria:Civitates sui iuris">Civitates sui iuris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Condita_1962" title="Categoria:Condita 1962">Condita 1962</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Respublicae" title="Categoria:Respublicae">Respublicae</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoriae celatae: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:L_-1" title="Categoria:L -1">L -1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Emendationes_necessariae" title="Categoria:Emendationes necessariae">Emendationes necessariae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_cum_sectione_nexuum_internorum" title="Categoria:Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum">Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Myrias_Geographia" title="Categoria:Myrias Geographia">Myrias Geographia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Categoria:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 6 Februarii 2024 hora 15:21 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. 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