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Titanijev karbid – Wikipedija

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<div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Primjena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primjena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Primjena</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Primjena-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Primjena</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Primjena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Površinske_prevlake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Površinske_prevlake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Površinske prevlake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Površinske_prevlake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prevlačenje_u_parnoj_fazi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prevlačenje_u_parnoj_fazi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Prevlačenje u parnoj fazi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prevlačenje_u_parnoj_fazi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Postupak_kemijskog_prevlačenja_u_parnoj_fazi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postupak_kemijskog_prevlačenja_u_parnoj_fazi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Postupak kemijskog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postupak_kemijskog_prevlačenja_u_parnoj_fazi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Titanijev karbid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 20 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="كربيد التيتانيوم – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كربيد التيتانيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="کاربید تیتانیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاربید تیتانیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbid_titanu" title="Karbid titanu – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karbid titanu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titancarbid" title="Titancarbid – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Titancarbid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_carbide" title="Titanium carbide – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Titanium carbide" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carburo_de_titanio" title="Carburo de titanio – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carburo de titanio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="کاربید تیتانیوم – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاربید تیتانیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titaanikarbidi" title="Titaanikarbidi – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Titaanikarbidi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbure_de_titane" title="Carbure de titane – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carbure de titane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="टाइटानियम कार्बाइड – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टाइटानियम कार्बाइड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_karbida" title="Titanium karbida – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Titanium karbida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carburo_di_titanio" title="Carburo di titanio – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carburo di titanio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E5%8C%96%E3%83%81%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="炭化チタン – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="炭化チタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99glik_tytanu" title="Węglik tytanu – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Węglik tytanu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboneto_de_tit%C3%A2nio" title="Carboneto de titânio – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carboneto de titânio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Карбид титана – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карбид титана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanijev_karbid" title="Titanijev karbid – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Titanijev karbid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="தைட்டானியம் கார்பைடு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தைட்டானியம் கார்பைடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B4_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Карбід титану – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карбід титану" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E9%92%9B" title="碳化钛 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碳化钛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q420675#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Titanijev_karbid" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Titanijev_karbid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="font-size: 85%; float:right; clear:right; margin:1em 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid black; border-width:1px; border-collapse:collapse; width: 300px; text-align:left; text-type:bold;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD;" align="center"><font size="+1">Titanijev karbid </font><br /><font size="+1">TiC</font> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:TiC-xtal-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/TiC-xtal-3D-vdW.png/200px-TiC-xtal-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/TiC-xtal-3D-vdW.png/300px-TiC-xtal-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/TiC-xtal-3D-vdW.png/400px-TiC-xtal-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1025" /></a></span><br /><small><div style="text-align:center"></div></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenklatura" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC nomenklatura">IUPAC nomenklatura</a> </th> <td nowrap="">Titanijev karbid </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD;" align="center">Identifikacijski brojevi </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAS_broj&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CAS broj (stranica ne postoji)">CAS broj</a> </th> <td nowrap="">12070-08-5 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD;" align="center">Osnovna svojstva </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/Molarna_masa" class="mw-redirect" title="Molarna masa">Molarna masa</a></b> </th> <td nowrap="">59,89 g/mol </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Izgled</b> </th> <td nowrap="">crni prah </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">Gustoća</a></b> </td> <td nowrap="">4,93 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tali%C5%A1te" title="Talište">Talište</a></b> </td> <td nowrap="">3160 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Vreli%C5%A1te" title="Vrelište">Vrelište</a></b> </td> <td nowrap="">4820 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Topljivost" title="Topljivost">Topljivost</a> u <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vodi</a></b> </td> <td nowrap="">netopiv u vodi </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD;" align="center">Struktura </th></tr> <tr> <th>Oblik molekule </th> <td nowrap="">plošno centrirana kubična<br /> <a href="/wiki/Kristalna_re%C5%A1etka" title="Kristalna rešetka">kristalna rešetka</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Titanijev karbid</b> (<b>TiC</b>) je izuzetno tvrdi (po <a href="/wiki/Mohsova_ljestvica" title="Mohsova ljestvica">Mohsovoj ljestvici</a> <a href="/wiki/Tvrdo%C4%87a" title="Tvrdoća">tvrdoća</a> iznosi od 9 do 9,5) <a href="/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika">keramički materijal</a>, po svojstvima sličan <a href="/wiki/Volframov_karbid" title="Volframov karbid">volframovom karbidu</a>. Uglavnom se koristi kod svrdla za bušenje. Izgled ima kao crni prah, s plošno centriranom kubičnom <a href="/wiki/Kristalna_re%C5%A1etka" title="Kristalna rešetka">kristalnom rešetkom</a>, slično kao <a href="/wiki/Natrijev_klorid" title="Natrijev klorid">natrijev klorid</a>. Koristi se i za dobivanje meterijala kermet (keramika + metal), pločica iz <a href="/wiki/Tvrdi_metal" title="Tvrdi metal">tvrdog metala</a> koje se koriste za rezne alate.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Otpornost na trošenje, <a href="/wiki/Korozija" title="Korozija">koroziju</a> i <a href="/wiki/Oksidacija" title="Oksidacija">oksidaciju</a> materijala na osnovi volframovog karbida i <a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">kobalta</a>, može se povećati dodavanjem 6 do 30% titanijevog karbida, ali mu se povećava i <a href="/wiki/Krhkost" title="Krhkost">krhkost</a>, te smanjuje otpornost na <a href="/wiki/Lom_materijala" title="Lom materijala">lom materijala</a>. Svrdla za bušenje od <a href="/wiki/Brzorezni_%C4%8Delik" title="Brzorezni čelik">brzoreznog čelika</a> bez dodatka <a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">volframa</a>, mogu biti proizvedena dodavanjem titanijevog karbida u osnovu <a href="/wiki/Nikal" title="Nikal">nikla</a> i kobalta, povećavajući mu time brzinu rezanja, točnost i bolju površinsku obradu. Taj se <a href="/wiki/Materijal" title="Materijal">materijal</a> naziva ponekad visoko tehnološka keramika (<a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">engl</a>. <i>High-tech ceramic</i>), a koristi se i za toplinsku zaštitu kod povratka <a href="/wiki/Svemirske_letjelice" title="Svemirske letjelice">svemirskih letjelica</a> u <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera">Zemljinu atmosferu</a>. Ako se titanijev karbid polira, može se koristiti za <a href="/wiki/Sat_(instrument)" title="Sat (instrument)">satove</a> koji su otporni na grebanje. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primjena">Primjena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Primjena" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Primjena"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Inserti_widia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Inserti_widia.jpg/300px-Inserti_widia.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Inserti_widia.jpg/450px-Inserti_widia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Inserti_widia.jpg/600px-Inserti_widia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Titanijev karbid (TiC) se koristi za tvrde prevlake na <a href="/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">alatima</a> kod alatnih strojeva.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Schneidpl%C3%A4ttchen_aus_Widia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Schneidpl%C3%A4ttchen_aus_Widia.jpg/300px-Schneidpl%C3%A4ttchen_aus_Widia.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Schneidpl%C3%A4ttchen_aus_Widia.jpg/450px-Schneidpl%C3%A4ttchen_aus_Widia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Schneidpl%C3%A4ttchen_aus_Widia.jpg/600px-Schneidpl%C3%A4ttchen_aus_Widia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>Titanijev karbid (TiC) je po svojstvima sličan <a href="/wiki/Volframov_karbid" title="Volframov karbid">volframovom karbidu</a> i koristi se kao prevlaka na reznim alatima.</figcaption></figure> <p>Najveća primjena titanijevog karbida je za tvrde prevlake na <a href="/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">alatima</a> kod alatnih strojeva, kao što su svrdla za bušenje i glodala, kojima se vijek trajanja povećava za 3 ili više puta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Površinske_prevlake"><span id="Povr.C5.A1inske_prevlake"></span>Površinske prevlake</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Površinske prevlake" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Površinske prevlake"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tvrde zaštitne prevlake tanki su slojevi materijala koji štite površinu <a href="/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">alata</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Konstrukcijsko_strojarstvo" title="Konstrukcijsko strojarstvo">konstrukcijskih</a> dijelova od trošenja. To je dio tzv. <a href="/wiki/Metalurgija" title="Metalurgija">metalurških</a> prevlaka koje općenito karakterizira velika <a href="/wiki/Tvrdo%C4%87a" title="Tvrdoća">tvrdoća</a>, visoko <a href="/wiki/Tali%C5%A1te" title="Talište">talište</a>, kemijska otpornost i mali faktor <a href="/wiki/Trenje" title="Trenje">trenja</a>. Za tvorbu tvrdih prevlaka pogodno je više anorganskih (keramičkih) materijala koji se prema vrsti <a href="/wiki/Kemijska_veza" title="Kemijska veza">kemijske veze</a> dijele u 3 skupine: </p> <ul><li>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub> (prevladava <a href="/wiki/Ionska_veza" title="Ionska veza">ionska veza</a>),</li> <li>SiC, AlN, dijamant, B<sub>4</sub>C (prevladava <a href="/wiki/Kovalentna_veza" title="Kovalentna veza">kovalentna veza</a>),</li> <li>TiN, TiC, WC (prevladava <a href="/wiki/Metalna_veza" title="Metalna veza">metalna veza</a>).</li></ul> <p>Učinkovitost tvrdih prevlaka može se povećati primjenom višeslojnog prevlačenja. Tvrde (metalurške) prevlake mogu se nanositi po jednom od postupaka koji spadaju u skupinu CVD (kemijsko nanošenje iz <a href="/wiki/Para" title="Para">parne</a> faze) ili PVD (fizikalno nanošenje iz parne faze). Prvi se postupci obično provode pri znatno višim temperaturama (najčešće od 800 ºC do 1000 ºC), a drugi pri temperaturama 200 ºC do 500 ºC, što je važno za svojstva toplinski otvrdnute podloge (npr. <a href="/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">alata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strojni_dio" title="Strojni dio">strojnog dijela</a> itd.).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prevlačenje_u_parnoj_fazi"><span id="Prevla.C4.8Denje_u_parnoj_fazi"></span>Prevlačenje u parnoj fazi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Prevlačenje u parnoj fazi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prevlačenje u parnoj fazi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U posljednje je vrijeme posebno snažan razvoj i primjena postupaka prevlačenja u parnoj fazi na području izrade <a href="/wiki/Konstrukcijsko_strojarstvo" title="Konstrukcijsko strojarstvo">konstrukcijskih elemenata</a> i <a href="/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">alata</a> u cilju povećanja njihove otpornosti i trajnosti. Osim na području izrade elemenata <a href="/wiki/Elektronika" title="Elektronika">mikroelektronike</a> i <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optike</a>, posebno je prisutan razvoj na području tvrdih <a href="/wiki/Tribologija" title="Tribologija">triboloških</a> slojeva. Prevučeni slojevi na <a href="/wiki/Strojni_dio" title="Strojni dio">strojnim dijelovima</a>, a posebno na alatima, imaju niži koeficijent trenja i višestruko dulju trajnost nego dijelovi bez prevlačenja.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Postupcima prevlačenja u parnoj fazi nanose se stabilni i tvrdi koji spadaju u podskupine neoksidne keramike (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">TiC</a>, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, TiAlCN, B<sub>4</sub>C, SiC), oksidne <a href="/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika">keramike</a> (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, <a href="/wiki/Rutil" title="Rutil">TiO<sub>2</sub></a>), metaloorganskih spojeva Me:CH (W<sub>97</sub>C<sub>3</sub>), te dijamantu sličnog ugljika ili DLC (<a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">engl</a>. <i>Diamond Like Carbon</i>). Postoje postupci kemijskog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi (CVD), fizikalnog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi (PVD), te plazmom potpomognuti postupci kemijskog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi (PA CVD): </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postupak_kemijskog_prevlačenja_u_parnoj_fazi"><span id="Postupak_kemijskog_prevla.C4.8Denja_u_parnoj_fazi"></span>Postupak kemijskog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Postupak kemijskog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Postupak kemijskog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Postupak kemijskog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi ili CVD (<a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">engl</a>. <i>Chemical Vapour Deposition</i>) provodi se pri temperaturama oko 1000 ºC i primjenjuje se najčešće za <a href="/wiki/Metalurgija_praha" title="Metalurgija praha">sinterirane</a> <a href="/wiki/Tvrdi_metal" title="Tvrdi metal">tvrde metale</a>. Budući da je prethodno sinteriranje provedeno na višim temperaturama, pri postupku CVD ne nastaju promjene <a href="/wiki/Mikrostruktura" title="Mikrostruktura">mikrostrukture</a> i dimenzija. Prevlačenje <a href="/wiki/Alatni_%C4%8Delik" title="Alatni čelik">alatnih čelika</a> po ovom postupku povezano je s <a href="/wiki/Tehnologija" title="Tehnologija">tehnološkim</a> poteškoćama, koje su vezane uz potrebu naknadnog <a href="/wiki/Kaljenje" title="Kaljenje">kaljenja</a> osnovnog materijala ispod prevlake, pri čemu se dešavaju promjene dimenzija, a nužna je i primjena <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuumskih</a> peći. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postupak_fizikalnog_prevlačenja_u_parnoj_fazi"><span id="Postupak_fizikalnog_prevla.C4.8Denja_u_parnoj_fazi"></span>Postupak fizikalnog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Postupak fizikalnog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Postupak fizikalnog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Postupak fizikalnog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi ili PVD (engl. <i>Physical Vapour Deposition</i>) provodi se pri znatno nižim temperaturama (oko 500 ºC), što omogućuje prevlačenje alata koji su izrađeni od <a href="/wiki/Brzorezni_%C4%8Delik" title="Brzorezni čelik">brzoreznog alatnog čelika</a> i alatnih čelika za topli rad, koji su prethodno kaljeni i <a href="/wiki/Popu%C5%A1tanje" title="Popuštanje">popušteni</a> iznad 500 ºC (poboljšanje), te obrađeni na konačne dimenzije. Alati za obradu metala rezanjem (svrdla, glodala), alati za oblikovanje deformacijom (trnovi, matrice), alati za tlačno <a href="/wiki/Lijevanje" title="Lijevanje">lijevanje</a> metala (cilindri, kokile), kao i alati za oblikovanje <a href="/wiki/Polimer" title="Polimer">polimernih</a> proizvoda (napose s <a href="/wiki/Abrazija" title="Abrazija">abrazivnim</a> punilima), najčešći su primjer primjene postupaka prevlačenja tribološkim slojevima. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postupak_kemijskog_prevlačenja_u_parnoj_fazi_potpomognut_plazmom"><span id="Postupak_kemijskog_prevla.C4.8Denja_u_parnoj_fazi_potpomognut_plazmom"></span>Postupak kemijskog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi potpomognut plazmom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Postupak kemijskog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi potpomognut plazmom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Postupak kemijskog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi potpomognut plazmom"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Postupak kemijskog prevlačenja u parnoj fazi potpomognut plazmom ili PA CVD (engl. <i>Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition</i>) uključuje elemente osnovnih procesa svojstvenih za CVD i PVD postupke, što omogućuje sniženje temperature postupka do oko 200 ºC. Time se proširuje primjena i na alatne čelike za hladni rad, koji imaju malu otpornost prema popuštanju, te se popuštaju pri niskim temperaturama.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijev_karbid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pse.pbf.hr/hrvatski/elementi/ti/spojevi.html">[1]</a> "Titanij, Ti", Opća encikopedija (1977) 3. izdanje (osam svezaka), www.pse.pbf.hr, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> "Prilagodba materijala", www.ffri.uniri.hr, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fsb.unizg.hr/zavod_za_materijale/download/e341ea7a949b944066273891c39e48aa.pdf">[2]</a><sup>&#91;<span style="color:#a44"><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Provjerljivost" title="Wikipedija:Provjerljivost">neaktivna poveznica</a></i></span>&#93;</sup> "Pregled postupaka i opreme za toplinsku obradu metala", doc. dr. sc. Darko Landek, Fakultet strojarstva i brodogradnje Zagreb, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://bib.irb.hr/prikazi-rad?rad=48609">[3]</a> "Pregled postupaka modificiranja i prevlačenja metala", Stupnišek Mladen; Matijević Božidar, bib.irb.hr, 2000.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐568dbbbfd9‐x65mw Cached time: 20241111065230 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.049 seconds Real time usage: 0.246 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 220/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 339/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2951/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 18.064 1 -total 100.00% 18.064 1 Predložak:Izvori 14.30% 2.583 1 Predložak:Neaktivna_poveznica --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key hrwiki:pcache:idhash:329142-0!canonical and timestamp 20241111065230 and revision id 6374535. 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