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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Senior college" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Trade_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade school">trade school</a>, <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">college</a>, <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate school</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Senior_military_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior military college">senior military college</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FAU_Sign_NW_20th_St.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The entrance sign at Florida Atlantic University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/FAU_Sign_NW_20th_St.jpg/200px-FAU_Sign_NW_20th_St.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/FAU_Sign_NW_20th_St.jpg/300px-FAU_Sign_NW_20th_St.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/FAU_Sign_NW_20th_St.jpg/400px-FAU_Sign_NW_20th_St.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Florida_Atlantic_University" title="Florida Atlantic University">Florida Atlantic University</a>, one of the first upper division colleges</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>upper division college</b> or university is one that requires applicants to have already completed their first two years of <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education#United_States.27_system" title="Undergraduate education">undergraduate study</a> at another institution.<sup id="cite_ref-CB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These institutions traces their roots to educational ideas put forward in the late 19th and early 20th century. They were developed primarily in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> during the 1960s in response to the growing number of <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community college</a> students seeking to continue their education. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_division_college&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 19th and early 20th century, educational leaders such as <a href="/wiki/William_R._Harper" class="mw-redirect" title="William R. Harper">William R. Harper</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Starr_Jordan" title="David Starr Jordan">David Starr Jordan</a> sought to separate the preparatory portion of college studies from "real" university work undertaken in the third and fourth years of study. Jordan, then president of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, proposed splitting the institution into two parts in 1907 to reach this goal, however changes in the California secondary school system halted this proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-ERIC2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERIC2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1914 <a href="/wiki/Frank_Johnson_Goodnow" title="Frank Johnson Goodnow">Frank Johnson Goodnow</a> became president of <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> and proposed eliminating the bachelor's degree by cutting the first two years of undergraduate work. Called the Goodnow Plan or New Plan, students would have entered Hopkins after two years of study in other universities and would have worked toward an advanced degree, bypassing the bachelor's degree. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dsjordan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="David Starr Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dsjordan.jpg/150px-Dsjordan.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dsjordan.jpg/225px-Dsjordan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dsjordan.jpg/300px-Dsjordan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="1276" /></a><figcaption>David Starr Jordan, one of the early pioneers of upper division colleges</figcaption></figure> <p>Upper division colleges were first established as mainstream institutions in the 1950s in the United States as a means to respond to the need for educated professionals to assist in the <a href="/wiki/Space_race#Advances_in_technology_and_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Space race">space race</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT1957_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT1957-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While earlier efforts had been undertaken at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a> in 1858, they failed due to the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_War_(American)" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil War (American)">Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ERIC2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERIC2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first upper division college was the <a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="College of the Pacific">College of the Pacific</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton</a>, California, which operated as an upper-division college between 1935 and 1951, before becoming the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Pacific_(United_States)" title="University of the Pacific (United States)">University of the Pacific</a> in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-ERIC2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERIC2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was done as part of a plan to reduce costs and increase enrollment by subletting college facilities to a high school which assumed public <a href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">junior college</a> status and funding.<sup id="cite_ref-ERIC2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERIC2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, disagreements between the College of the Pacific and the affiliated junior college, as well as <a href="/wiki/Accreditation" title="Accreditation">accreditation</a> issues resulting from the arrangement, led to the abandonment of the experiment in 1951. </p><p>The first college founded as an upper division college was <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan%E2%80%93Flint" title="University of Michigan–Flint">University of Michigan–Flint</a>, which was founded in 1956 as Flint College, however it converted to four year status in 1965 as a result of changes in the development of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-ERIC2_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERIC2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another notable early upper division college was <a href="/wiki/Florida_Atlantic_University" title="Florida Atlantic University">Florida Atlantic University</a>, which opened in 1964 and served third and fourth year undergraduate students, as well as <a href="/wiki/Graduate_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate studies">graduate</a> students. Later, in 1984, Florida Atlantic expanded to include first and second year undergraduates and ceased to be an upper division college.<sup id="cite_ref-FA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time they were created, upper division colleges were seen as a way to better manage community resources and provide opportunities for students.<sup id="cite_ref-OSUP_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSUP-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was thought that separating the upper division from the lower division of coursework would improve the relationship between undergraduate and graduate programs.<sup id="cite_ref-OSUP2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSUP2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, some believed that by creating 2+2 programs between community colleges and upper division colleges, students could continue their education without the state needing to expand existing community colleges into full four year colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-ERIC_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERIC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some commentators at the time saw the widespread development of upper division schools, in the same way community colleges had expanded in the prior decades.<sup id="cite_ref-MLA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decline">Decline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_division_college&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the 1980s and 1990s, many states began to move away from the upper-division model. Despite concerns of crowding out of community colleges, it was felt that offering only the upper-level courses resulted in a poor public image and prevented the establishment of a full university setting.<sup id="cite_ref-BR_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the students seeking to transfer from a community college desired a full college experience, including electives and extra-curricular activities. The inability to reach a large critical mass prevented the upper division colleges from competing effectively with four year colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-OSUP2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSUP2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some upper-division colleges such as the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>'s <a href="/wiki/College_of_Staten_Island" title="College of Staten Island">Richmond College</a> merged with community colleges, while others such as <a href="/wiki/Florida_Atlantic_University" title="Florida Atlantic University">Florida Atlantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="SUNY Institute of Technology">SUNY Institute of Technology</a> opened their doors to freshman and sophomore undergraduates.<sup id="cite_ref-SI_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SUNYIT_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUNYIT-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Upper_division_college&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> very few upper-division colleges remain in the United States, with almost all merging with community colleges or converting to four year status. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colleges">Colleges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_division_college&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Started upper division </th> <th>Ended upper division </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Athens_State_University" title="Athens State University">Athens State University</a> </td> <td>1975 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Current public upper division college </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="College of the Pacific">College of the Pacific</a> </td> <td>1935 </td> <td>1951 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Senior_College" title="Concordia Senior College">Concordia Senior College</a> </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>1977 </td> <td>Closed </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida_International_University" title="Florida International University">Florida International University</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>1981 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Garfield_Senior_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Garfield Senior College">Garfield Senior College</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>1985 </td> <td>Merged with <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie_College" title="Lake Erie College">Lake Erie College</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Governors_State_University" title="Governors State University">Governors State University</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>GSU enrolled its first freshman class in August 2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_University" title="John F. Kennedy University">John F. Kennedy University</a> </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td>Closed </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_State_University" title="Metropolitan State University">Metropolitan State University</a> </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Penn_State_Harrisburg" title="Penn State Harrisburg">Penn State Harrisburg</a> </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oak_Point_University" title="Oak Point University">Oak Point University</a> <p>(formerly known as Resurrection University) </p> </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>Closed on April 19, 2024, 3 weeks prior to the Spring semester's conclusion; <a href="/wiki/Lewis_University" title="Lewis University">Lewis University</a> announced they would help Oak Point students complete their degrees. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/College_of_Staten_Island" title="College of Staten Island">Richmond College</a> </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>1976 </td> <td>Merged with community college </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_University_(New_York)" title="St. Joseph's University (New York)">St. Joseph's College (Long Island)</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>1978 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Institute of Technology">SUNY Institute of Technology</a> </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_International_University" title="Texas A&M International University">Texas A&M International University</a> </td> <td>1969 </td> <td>1995 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University%E2%80%93Central_Texas" title="Texas A&M University–Central Texas">Texas A&M University–Central Texas</a> </td> <td>2009 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Current public upper division college </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University%E2%80%93Corpus_Christi" title="Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi">Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi</a> </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University%E2%80%93San_Antonio" title="Texas A&M University–San Antonio">Texas A&M University–San Antonio</a> </td> <td>2009 </td> <td>2016 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University%E2%80%93Texarkana" title="Texas A&M University–Texarkana">Texas A&M University–Texarkana</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Baltimore" title="University of Baltimore">University of Baltimore</a> </td> <td>1975 </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi_%E2%80%93_West_O%CA%BBahu" title="University of Hawaiʻi – West Oʻahu">University of Hawaiʻi – West Oʻahu</a> </td> <td>1976 </td> <td>2007 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston%E2%80%93Clear_Lake" title="University of Houston–Clear Lake">University of Houston–Clear Lake</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>2011 </td> <td>Ended upper-division in 2011 by statute; Admitted first freshman class in August 2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston%E2%80%93Victoria" title="University of Houston–Victoria">University of Houston–Victoria</a> </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>2009 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Springfield" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Springfield">University of Illinois at Springfield</a> </td> <td>1969 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan%E2%80%93Dearborn" title="University of Michigan–Dearborn">University of Michigan–Dearborn</a> </td> <td>1959 </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan%E2%80%93Flint" title="University of Michigan–Flint">University of Michigan–Flint</a> </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Florida" title="University of North Florida">University of North Florida</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Brownsville" title="University of Texas at Brownsville">University of Texas at Brownsville</a> </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Dallas" title="University of Texas at Dallas">University of Texas at Dallas</a> </td> <td>1969 </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Tyler" title="University of Texas at Tyler">University of Texas at Tyler</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_of_the_Permian_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas of the Permian Basin">University of Texas of the Permian Basin</a> </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>1991 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_West_Florida" title="University of West Florida">University of West Florida</a> </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>1983 </td> <td>Expanded to four years </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Walsh_College_of_Accountancy_and_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Walsh College of Accountancy and Business">Walsh College</a> </td> <td>1968 </td> <td>— </td> <td>Current private NFP upper division </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_division_college&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CB_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collegeboard.com/parents/csearch/know-the-options/21175.html">"Types of Colleges"</a>. College Board. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Types+of+Colleges&rft.pub=College+Board&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collegeboard.com%2Fparents%2Fcsearch%2Fknow-the-options%2F21175.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+division+college" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ERIC2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ERIC2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ERIC2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ERIC2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ERIC2_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ERIC2_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltman1969" class="citation web cs1">Altman, Robert A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=College+of+Staten+Island&rft.pub=College+of+Staten+Island&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csi.cuny.edu%2Faboutcsi%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+division+college" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SUNYIT-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SUNYIT_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090624135449/http://www.sunyit.edu/about/history.inc">"SUNY IT History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SUNY_IT" class="mw-redirect" title="SUNY IT">SUNY IT</a>. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunyit.edu/about/history.inc">the original</a> on 2009-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Schools" title="Template:Schools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schools" title="Template talk:Schools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="School_types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/School" title="School">School</a> types</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Educational_stage" title="Educational stage">educational stage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Early_childhood_education" title="Early childhood education">Early childhood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preschool" title="Preschool">Preschool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-kindergarten" title="Pre-kindergarten">Pre-kindergarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">Kindergarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_school" class="mw-redirect" title="First school">First school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_school" title="Infant school">Infant school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_infant_schools_outside_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Spread of infant schools outside Britain and Ireland">Global influence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_school" title="Junior school">Junior school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">Primary school</a> / Elementary school</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_high_school" title="Adult high school">Adult high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_college" title="Cadet college">Cadet college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College-preparatory_school" title="College-preparatory school">College-preparatory school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_institute" title="Collegiate institute">Collegiate institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">Comprehensive school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_high_school" title="Comprehensive high school">Comprehensive high school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_high_school" title="Continuation high school">Continuation high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">Grammar school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum" title="Lyceum">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maths_school" title="Maths school">Maths school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_seminary" title="Minor seminary">Minor seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">Secondary school</a> / High school</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">Selective school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauptschule" title="Hauptschule">Hauptschule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">Sixth form college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_school" title="Studio school">Studio school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_technical_college" title="University technical college">University technical college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_school" title="Upper school">Upper school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional school">Professional school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical school">Technical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">Higher</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College" title="College">College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">Community college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Graduate school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">Institute of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">Junior college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">Liberal arts college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">Research university</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_college" title="Residential college">Residential college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University" title="University">University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate university">Collegiate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Upper division college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_university" title="Vocational university">Vocational university</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Combined</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-through_school" title="All-through school">All-through school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">Middle school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-room_school" title="One-room school">One-room school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_school" title="Ranch school">Ranch school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By funding / eligibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">Academy <small>(England)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">Charter school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_day_school" title="Community day school">Community day school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">Comprehensive school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For-profit_education" title="For-profit education">For-profit education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_education" title="Free education">Free education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_school_(England)" title="Free school (England)">Free school <small>(England)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute" title="Institute">Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">Private school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">UK private school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preparatory_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Preparatory school (United Kingdom)">preparatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public</a></li></ul></li> <li>University <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_university" title="International university">international</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">Selective school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_school" title="Separate school">Separate school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sink_school" title="Sink school">Sink school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Specialist schools in the United Kingdom">Specialist school <small>(United Kingdom)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">State or public school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-integrated_school" title="State-integrated school">State-integrated school <small>(New Zealand)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style / purpose</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_school" title="Alternative school">Alternative school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_education" title="Democratic education">Democratic education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchistic_free_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchistic free school">Anarchistic free school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_school" title="Sudbury school">Sudbury school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_school" title="International school">International school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_school" title="Magnet school">Magnet school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">Music school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-sex_education" title="Single-sex education">Single-sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_school" title="Specialist school">Specialist school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_school" title="Vocal school">Vocal school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_school_movement" title="Free school movement">Free school movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_high_school" title="Folk high school">Folk high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_school" title="Laboratory school">Laboratory school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montessori_education" title="Montessori education">Montessori school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldorf_education" title="Waldorf education">Waldorf school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_school" title="Religious school">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_college" title="Bible college">Bible college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Catholic school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_school" title="Christian school">Christian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_seminary" title="Female seminary">Female seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurukula" title="Gurukula">Gurukula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">Parochial school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">Boarding school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_school" title="Day school">Day school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">Distance education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_education" title="Prison education">Prison education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual school">Virtual school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By scope</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College-preparatory_school" title="College-preparatory school">College preparatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compensatory_education" title="Compensatory education">Compensatory education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">Compulsory education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">Continuing education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">Further education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifted_education" title="Gifted education">Gifted education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive education">Inclusive education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remedial_education" title="Remedial education">Remedial education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_education" title="Special education">Special education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_higher-learning_institutions" title="Ancient higher-learning institutions">Ancient higher-learning institutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy" title="Platonic Academy">Platonic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_(classical)" title="Lyceum (classical)">Lyceum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_school" title="Monastic school">Monastic school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_school" title="Cathedral school">Cathedral school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Medieval university</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Schools imposed on<br /><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_schools" title="Native schools">in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Bantu_Education" title="Department of Bantu Education">in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_boarding_schools" title="American Indian boarding schools">in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Informal or illegal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_school" title="Hedge school">in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krifo_scholio" title="Krifo scholio">in Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakombenschule" title="Katakombenschule">in South Tyrol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%9312" title="K–12">K–12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_institution" title="Educational institution">Educational institution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" 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