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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">sum</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">Ken Thompson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Bell_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="AT&T Bell Laboratories">AT&T Bell Laboratories</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">November 3, 1971<span class="noprint">; 53 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1971-11-03</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferno_(operating_system)" title="Inferno (operating system)">Inferno</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">Command</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coreutils" class="mw-redirect" title="Coreutils">coreutils</a>: <a href="/wiki/GPLv3%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="GPLv3+">GPLv3+</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">sum</span></b> is a legacy utility available on some <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>. This utility outputs a 16-bit <a href="/wiki/Checksum" title="Checksum">checksum</a> of each argument <a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">file</a>, as well as the number of <a href="/wiki/Block_(data_storage)" title="Block (data storage)">blocks</a> they take on disk.<sup id="cite_ref-sum-invocation_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sum-invocation-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two different checksum algorithms are in use. POSIX abandoned <code>sum</code> in favor of <a href="/wiki/Cksum" title="Cksum">cksum</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sum_(Unix)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">sum</span> program is generally only useful for historical interest. It is not part of POSIX. Two algorithms are typically available: a <a href="/wiki/BSD_checksum" title="BSD checksum">BSD checksum</a> and a <a href="/wiki/SYSV_checksum" title="SYSV checksum">SYSV checksum</a>. Both are weaker than the already weak 32-bit CRC used by <a href="/wiki/Cksum" title="Cksum">cksum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fbsd_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fbsd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Default_(computer_science)" title="Default (computer science)">default</a> algorithm on FreeBSD and GNU implementations is the BSD checksum. Switching between the two algorithms is done via command line options.<sup id="cite_ref-fbsd_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fbsd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sum-invocation_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sum-invocation-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two commonly used algorithms are as follows. </p><p>The BSD sum, -r in GNU sum and -o1 in FreeBSD cksum: </p> <ul><li>Initialize checksum to 0</li> <li>For each byte of the input stream <ul><li>Perform 16-bit bitwise right rotation by 1 bit on the checksum</li> <li>Add the byte to the checksum, and apply modulo 2 ^ 16 to the result, thereby keeping it within 16 bits</li></ul></li> <li>The result is a 16-bit checksum</li></ul> <p>The above algorithm appeared in <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Edition_Unix" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh Edition Unix">Seventh Edition Unix</a>. </p><p>The System V sum, -s in GNU sum and -o2 in FreeBSD cksum: </p> <ul><li>checksum0 = sum of all bytes of the input stream modulo 2 ^ 32</li> <li>checksum1 = checksum0 modulo 2 ^ 16 + checksum0 / 2 ^ 16</li> <li>checksum = checksum1 modulo 2 ^16 + checksum1 / 2 ^ 16</li> <li>The result is a 16-bit checksum calculated from the initial 32-bit plain byte sum</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sum_(Unix)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">sum</span> utility is invoked from the <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command line</a> according to the following syntax: </p> <pre>sum [OPTION]... [FILE]... </pre> <p>with the possible option parameters being: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">-r</span> <ul><li>use <a href="/wiki/BSD_checksum" title="BSD checksum">BSD checksum</a> algorithm, use 1K blocks (defeats <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">-s</span>)</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">-s</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">--sysv</span> <ul><li>use <a href="/wiki/SYSV_checksum" title="SYSV checksum">SYSV checksum</a> algorithm, use 512 bytes blocks</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">--help</span> <ul><li>display the help screen and exit</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">--version</span> <ul><li>output version information and exit</li></ul></li></ul> <p>When no file parameter is given, or when FILE is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">-</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Standard_input" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard input">standard input</a> is used as input file. </p><p>Example of use: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-console mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span>Hello<span class="w"> </span>><span class="w"> </span>testfile <span class="gp">$ </span>sum<span class="w"> </span>testfile <span class="go">36978 1</span> </pre></div> <p>Example of -s use in GNU sum: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-console mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span>Hello<span class="w"> </span>><span class="w"> </span>testfile <span class="gp">$ </span>sum<span class="w"> </span>-s<span class="w"> </span>testfile <span class="go">510 1 testfile</span> </pre></div> <p>Example of using standard input, -r and printf to avoid newline: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-console mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nb">printf</span><span class="w"> </span>Hello<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>sum<span class="w"> </span>-r <span class="go">08401 1</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sum_(Unix)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Core_Utilities" title="GNU Core Utilities">GNU Core Utilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnxUtils" title="UnxUtils">UnxUtils</a> port to native Win32</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sum_(Unix)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sum-invocation-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sum-invocation_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sum-invocation_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/sum-invocation.html">sum(1)</a></code></span> — manual pages from <a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a> <a href="/wiki/Coreutils" class="mw-redirect" title="Coreutils">coreutils</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fbsd-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fbsd_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fbsd_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sum&sektion=1">sum(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> General Commands <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sum_(Unix)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xcu/sum.html">sum</a> in The Single UNIX ® Specification, Version 2, 1997, opengroup.org – does not specify checksum algorithm</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/xrat/V4_xcu_chap04.html">C.4 Utilities</a> in The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 edition, opengroup.org – indicates sum as removed</li> <li><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://man.cat-v.org/unix_7th/1/sum">sum(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Version_7_Unix" title="Version 7 Unix">Version 7 Unix</a> Programmer's <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></li> <li><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/sum-invocation.html">sum(1)</a></code></span> – manual pages from <a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a> <a href="/wiki/Coreutils" class="mw-redirect" title="Coreutils">coreutils</a></li> <li><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sum&sektion=1">sum(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> General Commands <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a> – states the sum algorithms in options -o1 and -o2 to cksum</li> <li><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://manned.org/sum.1">sum(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> User <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a> – User Commands</li> <li><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E88353_01/html/E37839/sum-1.html">sum(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris 11.4</a> User Commands Reference <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl">The Unix Tree</a>, tuhs.org – the source code of old versions of Unix</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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title="Tee (command)">tee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(command)" title="Touch (command)">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_(Unix)" title="Type (Unix)">type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umask" title="Umask">umask</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_(command)" title="At (command)">at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_control_(Unix)#Commands" title="Job control (Unix)">bg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cron" title="Cron">crontab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_control_(Unix)#Commands" title="Job control (Unix)">fg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_(command)" title="Kill (command)">kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_(Unix)" title="Nice (Unix)">nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ps_(Unix)" title="Ps (Unix)">ps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_(Unix)" title="Time (Unix)">time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">User environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Env" title="Env">env</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_(command)" title="Exit (command)">exit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logname" title="Logname">logname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesg" title="Mesg">mesg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_(software)" title="Talk (software)">talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tput" title="Tput">tput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uname" title="Uname">uname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_(Unix)" title="Who (Unix)">who</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_(Unix)" title="Write (Unix)">write</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Text processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AWK" title="AWK">awk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basename" title="Basename">basename</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comm" title="Comm">comm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Csplit" title="Csplit">csplit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_(Unix)" title="Cut (Unix)">cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diff" title="Diff">diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirname" title="Dirname">dirname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_(text_editor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed (text editor)">ed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_(text_editor)" title="Ex (text editor)">ex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fold_(Unix)" title="Fold (Unix)">fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_(Unix)" title="Head (Unix)">head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconv" title="Iconv">iconv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Join_(Unix)" title="Join (Unix)">join</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M4_(computer_language)" title="M4 (computer language)">m4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_(command)" title="More (command)">more</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nl_(Unix)" title="Nl (Unix)">nl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paste_(Unix)" title="Paste (Unix)">paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patch_(Unix)" title="Patch (Unix)">patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printf_(Unix)" title="Printf (Unix)">printf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_(Unix)" title="Read (Unix)">read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed" title="Sed">sed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_(Unix)" title="Sort (Unix)">sort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strings_(Unix)" title="Strings (Unix)">strings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tail_(Unix)" title="Tail (Unix)">tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr_(Unix)" title="Tr (Unix)">tr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troff" title="Troff">troff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniq" title="Uniq">uniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi_(text_editor)" title="Vi (text editor)">vi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wc_(Unix)" title="Wc (Unix)">wc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xargs" title="Xargs">xargs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shell_builtin" title="Shell builtin">Shell builtins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alias_(command)" title="Alias (command)">alias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cd_(command)" title="Cd (command)">cd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(command)" title="Echo (command)">echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_(Unix)" title="Test (Unix)">test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_variable#unset_command" title="Environment variable">unset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wait_(command)" title="Wait (command)">wait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Searching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Find_(Unix)" title="Find (Unix)">find</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grep" title="Grep">grep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar_(Unix)" title="Ar (Unix)">ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctags" title="Ctags">ctags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_(software)" title="Lex (software)">lex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_(software)" title="Make (software)">make</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nm_(Unix)" title="Nm (Unix)">nm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_(Unix)" title="Strip (Unix)">strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacc" title="Yacc">yacc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bc_(programming_language)" title="Bc (programming language)">bc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal_(command)" title="Cal (command)">cal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expr" title="Expr">expr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_V_printing_system" title="System V printing system">lp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od_(Unix)" title="Od (Unix)">od</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_(command)" title="Sleep (command)">sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_and_false_(commands)" title="True and false (commands)">true and false</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b>Categories</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Standard_Unix_programs" title="Category:Standard Unix programs">Standard Unix programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unix_SUS2008_utilities" title="Category:Unix SUS2008 utilities">Unix SUS2008 utilities</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_POSIX_commands" title="List of POSIX commands">List</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="GNU_Core_Utilities_command-line_interface_programs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Core_Utilities_commands" title="Template:Core Utilities commands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Core_Utilities_commands" title="Template talk:Core Utilities commands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Core_Utilities_commands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Core Utilities commands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="GNU_Core_Utilities_command-line_interface_programs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/GNU_Core_Utilities" title="GNU Core Utilities">GNU Core Utilities</a> <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> programs</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chcon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chcon (page does not exist)">chcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chmod" title="Chmod">chmod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chown" title="Chown">chown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chgrp" title="Chgrp">chgrp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cksum" title="Cksum">cksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cp_(Unix)" title="Cp (Unix)">cp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dd_(Unix)" title="Dd (Unix)">dd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Df_(Unix)" title="Df (Unix)">df</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ls" title="Ls">dir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dircolors_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dircolors (Unix) (page does not exist)">dircolors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Install_(Unix)" title="Install (Unix)">install</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ln_(Unix)" title="Ln (Unix)">ln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ls" title="Ls">ls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkdir" title="Mkdir">mkdir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkfifo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkfifo">mkfifo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mknod" class="mw-redirect" title="Mknod">mknod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mktemp" title="Mktemp">mktemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mv_(Unix)" title="Mv (Unix)">mv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realpath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realpath (page does not exist)">realpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rm_(Unix)" title="Rm (Unix)">rm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rmdir" title="Rmdir">rmdir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shred_(Unix)" title="Shred (Unix)">shred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sync_(Unix)" title="Sync (Unix)">sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(command)" title="Touch (command)">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truncate" class="mw-redirect" title="Truncate">truncate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ls" title="Ls">vdir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Text utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B2sum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B2sum (page does not exist)">b2sum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base32" title="Base32">base32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base64" title="Base64">base64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_(Unix)" title="Cat (Unix)">cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cksum" title="Cksum">cksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comm" title="Comm">comm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Csplit" title="Csplit">csplit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_(Unix)" title="Cut (Unix)">cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expand_(Unix)" title="Expand (Unix)">expand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fmt_(Unix)" title="Fmt (Unix)">fmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fold_(Unix)" title="Fold (Unix)">fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_(Unix)" title="Head (Unix)">head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Join_(Unix)" title="Join (Unix)">join</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Md5sum" title="Md5sum">md5sum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nl_(Unix)" title="Nl (Unix)">nl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numfmt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numfmt (page does not exist)">numfmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od_(Unix)" title="Od (Unix)">od</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paste_(Unix)" title="Paste (Unix)">paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptx_(Unix)" title="Ptx (Unix)">ptx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr_(Unix)" title="Pr (Unix)">pr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha1sum" title="Sha1sum">sha1sum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuf" title="Shuf">shuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_(Unix)" title="Sort (Unix)">sort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_(Unix)" title="Split (Unix)">split</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">sum</a></li> <li>tac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tail_(Unix)" title="Tail (Unix)">tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr_(Unix)" title="Tr (Unix)">tr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsort" title="Tsort">tsort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unexpand" title="Unexpand">unexpand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniq" title="Uniq">uniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wc_(Unix)" title="Wc (Unix)">wc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shell utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uname" title="Uname">arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basename" title="Basename">basename</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chroot" title="Chroot">chroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_time#Command_line" title="Unix time">date</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirname" title="Dirname">dirname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_(Unix)" title="Du (Unix)">du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(command)" title="Echo (command)">echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Env" title="Env">env</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expr" title="Expr">expr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_(Unix)" title="Factor (Unix)">factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_and_false_(commands)" title="True and false (commands)">false</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groups_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groups (Unix)">groups</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hostid_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hostid (Unix) (page does not exist)">hostid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Id_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Id (Unix)">id</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_(Unix)" title="Link (Unix)">link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logname" title="Logname">logname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_(Unix)" title="Nice (Unix)">nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nohup" title="Nohup">nohup</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nproc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nproc (page does not exist)">nproc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pathchk_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pathchk (Unix) (page does not exist)">pathchk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinky_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinky (Unix) (page does not exist)">pinky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printenv" class="mw-redirect" title="Printenv">printenv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printf" title="Printf">printf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwd" title="Pwd">pwd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readlink" class="mw-redirect" title="Readlink">readlink</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runcon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Runcon (page does not exist)">runcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seq_(Unix)" title="Seq (Unix)">seq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_(command)" title="Sleep (command)">sleep</a></li> <li>stat</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stdbuf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stdbuf (page does not exist)">stdbuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stty_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stty (Unix)">stty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tee_(command)" title="Tee (command)">tee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_(Unix)" title="Test (Unix)">test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeout_(computing)" title="Timeout (computing)">timeout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_and_false_(commands)" title="True and false (commands)">true</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tty_(Unix)" title="Tty (Unix)">tty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uname" title="Uname">uname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlink_(Unix)" title="Unlink (Unix)">unlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uptime#coreutils" title="Uptime">uptime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Users_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Users (Unix)">users</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_(Unix)" title="Who (Unix)">who</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoami" title="Whoami">whoami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yes_(Unix)" title="Yes (Unix)">yes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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