CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Rook (chess) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2e6e54ad-b958-46e0-b3bc-d5605e1f2f90","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Rook_(chess)","wgTitle":"Rook (chess)","wgCurRevisionId":1276906333,"wgRevisionId":1276906333,"wgArticleId":47615,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Articles containing Chinese-language text","CS1 uses Hebrew-language script (he)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images","Articles containing Persian-language text","Articles containing Hindi-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2025","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021", "Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing Italian-language text","Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing Dutch-language text","Articles containing German-language text","Articles containing Swedish-language text","Articles containing Finnish-language text","Articles containing Hungarian-language text","Articles containing Hebrew-language text","Articles containing Thai-language text","Articles containing Armenian-language text","Articles containing Russian-language text","Articles containing Javanese-language text","Articles containing Serbo-Croatian-language text","Articles containing Kannada-language text","Articles containing Afrikaans-language text","Articles containing Irish-language text","Articles containing Urdu-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Chess pieces","Castles"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Rook_(chess)","wgRelevantArticleId": 47615,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q137","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled" :false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG/1200px-Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="2043"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG/800px-Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1362"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG/640px-Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1089"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Rook (chess) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rook_(chess)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rook_(chess)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Rook_chess rootpage-Rook_chess skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rook+%28chess%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rook+%28chess%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rook+%28chess%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rook+%28chess%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Placement_and_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Placement_and_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Placement and movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Placement_and_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Strategy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Strategy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Strategy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relative_value" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relative_value"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Relative value</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relative_value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endgame" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endgame"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Endgame</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endgame-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Name_translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Name translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rook (chess)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toring_(skaak)" title="Toring (skaak) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toring (skaak)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AE_(%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC)" title="رخ (شطرنج) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رخ (شطرنج)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_(%C5%9Fahmat)" title="Top (şahmat) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Top (şahmat)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE)" title="নৌকা (দাবা) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নৌকা (দাবা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF-p%C3%B3_(kok-ch%C3%A8_chhi%C5%AB%E2%81%BF-k%C3%AE)" title="Siâⁿ-pó (kok-chè chhiūⁿ-kî) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siâⁿ-pó (kok-chè chhiūⁿ-kî)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B)" title="Ладдзя (шахматы) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ладдзя (шахматы)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B)" title="Ладзьдзя (шахматы) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ладзьдзя (шахматы)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Топ (шахмат) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Топ (шахмат)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_(%C5%A1ah)" title="Top (šah) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Top (šah)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre_(escacs)" title="Torre (escacs) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Torre (escacs)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%9B%C5%BE_(%C5%A1achy)" title="Věž (šachy) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Věž (šachy)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torra_(Scacchi)" title="Torra (Scacchi) – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Torra (Scacchi)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castell_(gwyddbwyll)" title="Castell (gwyddbwyll) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Castell (gwyddbwyll)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5rn_(skak)" title="Tårn (skak) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tårn (skak)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turm_(Schach)" title="Turm (Schach) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turm (Schach)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanker_(male)" title="Vanker (male) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vanker (male)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9)" title="Πύργος (σκάκι) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πύργος (σκάκι)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre_(ajedrez)" title="Torre (ajedrez) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Torre (ajedrez)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turo_(%C5%9Dako)" title="Turo (ŝako) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turo (ŝako)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaztelu_(xakea)" title="Gaztelu (xakea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gaztelu (xakea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AE_(%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC)" title="رخ (شطرنج) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رخ (شطرنج)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3kur_(talv)" title="Rókur (talv) – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Rókur (talv)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_(%C3%A9checs)" title="Tour (échecs) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tour (échecs)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caiseal_(ficheall)" title="Caiseal (ficheall) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caiseal (ficheall)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre_(xadrez)" title="Torre (xadrez) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Torre (xadrez)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A9_(%EC%B2%B4%EC%8A%A4)" title="룩 (체스) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="룩 (체스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF_(%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF)" title="Նավակ (շախմատ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նավակ (շախմատ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C)" title="हाथी (शतरंज) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाथी (शतरंज)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_(%C5%A1ah)" title="Top (šah) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Top (šah)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmo_(shakoludo)" title="Turmo (shakoludo) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turmo (shakoludo)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benteng_(catur)" title="Benteng (catur) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Benteng (catur)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turre_(chacos)" title="Turre (chacos) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Turre (chacos)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre_(scacchi)" title="Torre (scacchi) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Torre (scacchi)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97_(%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%98)" title="צריח (שחמט) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צריח (שחמט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86_(%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97)" title="ಆನೆ (ಚದುರಂಗ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆನೆ (ಚದುರಂಗ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98)" title="ეტლი (ჭადრაკი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეტლი (ჭადრაკი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%A9_(%D9%85%DB%84%DB%81%D8%B1%D9%95_%D9%BE%D9%94%D9%B9)" title="ٹینٛک (مۄہرٕ پٔٹ) – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ٹینٛک (مۄہرٕ پٔٹ)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngome_(sataranji)" title="Ngome (sataranji) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ngome (sataranji)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keleh_(sedrenc)" title="Keleh (sedrenc) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Keleh (sedrenc)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turris_(scacci)" title="Turris (scacci) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turris (scacci)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornis_(%C5%A1ahs)" title="Tornis (šahs) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tornis (šahs)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuerm_(Schach)" title="Tuerm (Schach) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tuerm (Schach)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bok%C5%A1tas_(%C5%A1achmatai)" title="Bokštas (šachmatai) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bokštas (šachmatai)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1stya_(sakk)" title="Bástya (sakk) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bástya (sakk)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D)" title="തേര് (ചെസ്സ്) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തേര് (ചെസ്സ്)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B3)" title="हत्ती (बुद्धिबळ) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हत्ती (बुद्धिबळ)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98)" title="ერტი (ჭარდაკი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ერტი (ჭარდაკი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benteng_(catur)" title="Benteng (catur) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Benteng (catur)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Тэрэг (шатар) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тэрэг (шатар)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toren_(schaken)" title="Toren (schaken) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toren (schaken)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="ルーク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5rn_(sjakk)" title="Tårn (sjakk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tårn (sjakk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjakkbrikka_t%C3%A5rn" title="Sjakkbrikka tårn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sjakkbrikka tårn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toorn_(Schach)" title="Toorn (Schach) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Toorn (Schach)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wie%C5%BCa_(szachy)" title="Wieża (szachy) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wieża (szachy)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre_(xadrez)" title="Torre (xadrez) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Torre (xadrez)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn_(%C8%99ah)" title="Turn (șah) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turn (șah)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8F_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B)" title="Ладья (шахматы) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ладья (шахматы)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torra_(shah)" title="Torra (shah) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Torra (shah)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rook (chess)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C5%BEa_(%C5%A1ach)" title="Veža (šach) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Veža (šach)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trdnjava_(%C5%A1ah)" title="Trdnjava (šah) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trdnjava (šah)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daar" title="Daar – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Daar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85)" title="Топ (шах) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Топ (шах)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_(%C5%A1ah)" title="Top (šah) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Top (šah)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torni_(shakki)" title="Torni (shakki) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Torni (shakki)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torn_(schack)" title="Torn (schack) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Torn (schack)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D)" title="கோட்டை (சதுரங்கக் காய்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோட்டை (சதுரங்கக் காய்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Тура (шахмат) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тура (шахмат)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD_(%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81)" title="เรือ (หมากรุก) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรือ (หมากรุก)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%85_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%B7)" title="Рух (шатранҷ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рух (шатранҷ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kale_(satran%C3%A7)" title="Kale (satranç) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kale (satranç)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gala_(k%C3%BC%C5%9Ft)" title="Gala (küşt) – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gala (küşt)" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тура – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AE_(%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC)" title="رخ (شطرنج) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رخ (شطرنج)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xe_(c%E1%BB%9D_vua)" title="Xe (cờ vua) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xe (cờ vua)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%A6%EF%BC%88%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B1%A1%E6%A3%8B%EF%BC%89" title="车（国际象棋） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="车（国际象棋）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1_(%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B1%A1%E6%A3%8B)" title="城堡 (國際象棋) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="城堡 (國際象棋)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8A_(%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B1%A1%E6%A3%8B)" title="車 (國際象棋) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="車 (國際象棋)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8nt%C3%A8ng_(catur)" title="Bèntèng (catur) – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bèntèng (catur)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q137#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Rook_(chess)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Rook_(chess)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Rook_(chess)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&oldid=1276906333" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Rook_%28chess%29&id=1276906333&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRook_%28chess%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRook_%28chess%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rook_%28chess%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chess_rooks" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Rook_(chess)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q137" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chess piece</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:225px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG/133px-Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG" decoding="async" width="133" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG/200px-Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG/266px-Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="3132" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">White rook</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:225px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_piece_-_Black_rook.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chess_piece_-_Black_rook.JPG/131px-Chess_piece_-_Black_rook.JPG" decoding="async" width="131" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chess_piece_-_Black_rook.JPG/197px-Chess_piece_-_Black_rook.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chess_piece_-_Black_rook.JPG/262px-Chess_piece_-_Black_rook.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1822" data-file-height="3126" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Black rook</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <b>rook</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>; ♖, ♜) is a <a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">piece</a> in the game of <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a>. It may move any number of squares horizontally or vertically without jumping, and it may <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#capture" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § capture" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">capture</span></a></dfn> an enemy piece on its path; it may participate in <a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">castling</a>. Each player starts the game with two rooks, one in each corner on their side of the board. </p><p> Formerly, the rook (from <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">رخ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">rokh/rukh</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'chariot')<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was alternatively called the <i>tower</i>, <i>marquess</i>, <i>rector</i>, and <i>comes</i> (<i>count</i> or <i>earl</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "castle" is considered to be informal or old-fashioned.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141322084">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tocleft{width:100%!important}}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tocleft{float:left;clear:left;width:auto;margin:0 1em 0.5em 0}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .tocleft{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .tocleft-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .tocleft-clear-none{clear:none}}</style></p><div class="tocleft" style=""><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097430093">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .algebraic-notation-toc{float:left}}</style><div role="note" class="side-box metadata side-box-left algebraic-notation algebraic-notation-toc"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_notation_(chess)" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">algebraic notation</a> to describe chess moves.</div></div> </div><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Placement_and_movement">Placement and movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Placement and movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <div class="chessboard thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8"><div class="chess-pieces notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="top:0px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a8 black rook"><img alt="a8 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h8 black rook"><img alt="h8 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a1 white rook"><img alt="a1 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h1 white rook"><img alt="h1 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">7</td><td style="height:26px">7</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">6</td><td style="height:26px">6</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">5</td><td style="height:26px">5</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">4</td><td style="height:26px">4</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">3</td><td style="height:26px">3</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">2</td><td style="height:26px">2</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">1</td><td style="height:26px">1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> Starting positions of the rooks </div></div></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1276579313">.mw-parser-output .chessboard table{font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .chessboard table tr{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .chessboard table td{padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .chessboard table td[rowspan]{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .chessboard .chess-pieces div:not(.pcs-image-wrapper){position:absolute;z-index:3}</style> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="chessboard thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8"><div class="chess-pieces notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="top:0px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d8 white circle"><img alt="d8 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g8 black circle"><img alt="g8 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d7 white circle"><img alt="d7 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e7 white pawn"><img alt="e7 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f7 black circle"><img alt="f7 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g7 black rook"><img alt="g7 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h7 black circle"><img alt="h7 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:52px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d6 white circle"><img alt="d6 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:52px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 black circle"><img alt="g6 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:78px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d5 white circle"><img alt="d5 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:78px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g5 black pawn"><img alt="g5 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a4 white circle"><img alt="a4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b4 white circle"><img alt="b4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:52px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c4 white circle"><img alt="c4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d4 white rook"><img alt="d4 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e4 white circle"><img alt="e4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f4 white circle"><img alt="f4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g4 white circle"><img alt="g4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h4 white circle"><img alt="h4 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:130px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d3 white circle"><img alt="d3 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d2 white circle"><img alt="d2 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d1 white circle"><img alt="d1 white circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/26px-Chess_oot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/39px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Chess_oot45.svg/52px-Chess_oot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">7</td><td style="height:26px">7</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">6</td><td style="height:26px">6</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">5</td><td style="height:26px">5</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">4</td><td style="height:26px">4</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">3</td><td style="height:26px">3</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">2</td><td style="height:26px">2</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">1</td><td style="height:26px">1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> The white rook can move to any square marked with a white dot. The black rook can move to squares with black dots, or it can capture the pawn on e7. </div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1276579313"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The white rooks start on the squares a1 and h1, while the black rooks start on a8 and h8. The rook moves horizontally or vertically, through any number of unoccupied squares. The rook cannot jump over pieces. The rook may capture an enemy piece by moving to the square on which the enemy piece stands, removing it from play. The rook also participates with the <a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">king</a> in a special move called <a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">castling</a>, wherein it is transferred to the square crossed by the king after the king is shifted two squares toward the rook. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strategy">Strategy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relative_value">Relative value</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Relative value"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rook is worth about five <a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">pawns</a>. In general, rooks are stronger than <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">bishops</a> or <a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">knights</a> and are considered greater in value than either of those pieces by nearly two pawns, but less valuable than two minor pieces by approximately a pawn. Two rooks are generally considered to be worth slightly more than a <a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">queen</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">chess piece relative value</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winning a rook for a bishop or knight is referred to as winning <i><a href="/wiki/The_exchange_(chess)" title="The exchange (chess)">the exchange</a></i>. Rooks and queens are called <i>major pieces</i> or <i>heavy pieces</i>, as opposed to bishops and knights, the <i>minor pieces</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the opening, the rooks are blocked in by other pieces and cannot immediately participate in the game, so it is usually desirable to <i>connect</i> one's rooks on the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#back_rank" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § back rank" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">first rank</span></a></dfn> by castling and then clearing all pieces except the king and rooks from the first rank. In that position, the rooks support each other and can more easily move to occupy and control the most favorable <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#files" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § files" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">files</span></a></dfn>. </p><p>A common strategic goal is to <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#develop" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § develop" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">develop</span></a></dfn> a rook on the first rank of an <a href="/wiki/Open_file" title="Open file">open file</a> (i.e., one unobstructed by pawns of either player) or a <a href="/wiki/Half-open_file" title="Half-open file">half-open file</a> (i.e., one unobstructed by friendly pawns). From this position, the rook is relatively unexposed to risk but can exert control on every square on the file. If one file is particularly important, a player might advance one rook on it, then position the other rook behind—<i>doubling</i> the rooks. </p><p>A rook on the seventh rank (the opponent's second rank) is typically very powerful, as it threatens the opponent's unadvanced pawns and hems in the enemy king. A rook on the seventh rank is often considered sufficient <a href="/wiki/Compensation_(chess)" title="Compensation (chess)">compensation</a> for a pawn.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the diagrammed position from a game between <a href="/wiki/Lev_Polugaevsky" title="Lev Polugaevsky">Lev Polugaevsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Evans_(chess_grandmaster)" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Evans (chess grandmaster)">Larry Evans</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the rook on the seventh rank enables White to <a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">draw</a>, despite being a pawn down.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><em>Two</em> rooks on the seventh rank are often enough to force victory by the <a href="/wiki/Checkmate_pattern#Blind_swine_mate" title="Checkmate pattern">blind swine mate</a>, or at least a draw by <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_check" title="Perpetual check">perpetual check</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto; float:left; clear:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <div class="chessboard thumb noviewer tleft"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px">A white rook on the 7th rank </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8"><div class="chess-pieces notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="top:0px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g8 black king"><img alt="g8 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b7 black pawn"><img alt="b7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d7 white rook"><img alt="d7 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g7 black pawn"><img alt="g7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:52px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a6 black pawn"><img alt="a6 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:52px;left:52px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c6 black pawn"><img alt="c6 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:78px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a5 white pawn"><img alt="a5 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:78px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f5 black pawn"><img alt="f5 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b4 black rook"><img alt="b4 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:130px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e3 white pawn"><img alt="e3 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f2 white king"><img alt="f2 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g2 white pawn"><img alt="g2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h2 white pawn"><img alt="h2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">7</td><td style="height:26px">7</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">6</td><td style="height:26px">6</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">5</td><td style="height:26px">5</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">4</td><td style="height:26px">4</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">3</td><td style="height:26px">3</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">2</td><td style="height:26px">2</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">1</td><td style="height:26px">1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption">White to move, draws. <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><small>Polugaevsky vs. Evans, 1970</small> </div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1276579313"> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="chessboard thumb noviewer tleft"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px">Connected black rooks on the 7th rank </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8"><div class="chess-pieces notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="top:26px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a7 black pawn"><img alt="a7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b7 black pawn"><img alt="b7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e7 white rook"><img alt="e7 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h7 black pawn"><img alt="h7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:52px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e6 white knight"><img alt="e6 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:52px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f6 black king"><img alt="f6 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:52px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 black bishop"><img alt="g6 black bishop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chess_bdt45.svg/26px-Chess_bdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chess_bdt45.svg/39px-Chess_bdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chess_bdt45.svg/52px-Chess_bdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:78px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d5 white pawn"><img alt="d5 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:78px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f5 black pawn"><img alt="f5 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b4 white bishop"><img alt="b4 white bishop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/26px-Chess_blt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/39px-Chess_blt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/52px-Chess_blt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:104px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h4 black pawn"><img alt="h4 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:0px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a2 white pawn"><img alt="a2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b2 white pawn"><img alt="b2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d2 black rook"><img alt="d2 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e2 black rook"><img alt="e2 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h2 white pawn"><img alt="h2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f1 white rook"><img alt="f1 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h1 white king"><img alt="h1 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">7</td><td style="height:26px">7</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">6</td><td style="height:26px">6</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">5</td><td style="height:26px">5</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">4</td><td style="height:26px">4</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">3</td><td style="height:26px">3</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">2</td><td style="height:26px">2</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">1</td><td style="height:26px">1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption">Black to move, 32...Rxh2+ and White resigns, seeing that 33.Kg1 Rdg2<a href="/wiki/Algebraic_notation_(chess)##" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">#</a>. <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><small>Chigorin vs. Steinitz, Havana 1892</small> </div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1276579313"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Endgame">Endgame</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Endgame"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rooks are most powerful towards the end of a game (i.e., the <a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">endgame</a>), when they can move unobstructed by pawns and control large numbers of squares. They have trouble restraining enemy pawns from advancing towards promotion unless they occupy the file behind them. As well, a rook best supports a friendly pawn towards promotion from behind it on the same file (see <a href="/wiki/Tarrasch_rule" title="Tarrasch rule">Tarrasch rule</a>). </p><p>In a position with a rook and one or two <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#minor_pieces" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § minor pieces" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">minor pieces</span></a></dfn> versus two rooks, generally in addition to pawns, and possibly other pieces, <a href="/wiki/Lev_Alburt" title="Lev Alburt">Lev Alburt</a> advises that the player with the single rook should avoid exchanging the rook for one of his opponent's rooks.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rook is adept at delivering <a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">checkmate</a>. Below are a few examples of rook checkmates that are easy to <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#forced_mate" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § forced mate" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">force</span></a></dfn>. A single rook can force checkmate while a single minor piece cannot. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto; float:left; clear:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <div class="chessboard thumb noviewer tleft"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8"><div class="chess-pieces notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="top:0px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b8 white rook"><img alt="b8 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g8 black king"><img alt="g8 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:52px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 white king"><img alt="g6 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">7</td><td style="height:26px">7</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">6</td><td style="height:26px">6</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">5</td><td style="height:26px">5</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">4</td><td style="height:26px">4</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">3</td><td style="height:26px">3</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">2</td><td style="height:26px">2</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">1</td><td style="height:26px">1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption">A king and rook mate. The king and rook work together to force the enemy king to the edge of the board, where it can be checkmated. </div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1276579313"> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="chessboard thumb noviewer tleft"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8"><div class="chess-pieces notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="top:0px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g8 black king"><img alt="g8 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f7 black pawn"><img alt="f7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g7 black pawn"><img alt="g7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h7 black pawn"><img alt="h7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:78px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g5 white rook"><img alt="g5 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:130px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f2 white pawn"><img alt="f2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g2 white pawn"><img alt="g2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:182px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h2 white pawn"><img alt="h2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b1 black rook"><img alt="b1 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:182px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g1 white king"><img alt="g1 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">7</td><td style="height:26px">7</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">6</td><td style="height:26px">6</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">5</td><td style="height:26px">5</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">4</td><td style="height:26px">4</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">3</td><td style="height:26px">3</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">2</td><td style="height:26px">2</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">1</td><td style="height:26px">1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption">A <a href="/wiki/Back_rank_checkmate" class="mw-redirect" title="Back rank checkmate">back rank checkmate</a> </div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1276579313"> </td> <td class="col-break"> <div class="chessboard thumb noviewer tleft"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8"><div class="chess-pieces notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="top:0px;left:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b8 white rook"><img alt="b8 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:0px;left:156px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g8 black king"><img alt="g8 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:26px;left:78px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d7 white rook"><img alt="d7 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="top:156px;left:104px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e2 white king"><img alt="e2 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">7</td><td style="height:26px">7</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">6</td><td style="height:26px">6</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">5</td><td style="height:26px">5</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">4</td><td style="height:26px">4</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">3</td><td style="height:26px">3</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">2</td><td style="height:26px">2</td></tr><tr><td style="height:26px">1</td><td style="height:26px">1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption">A two-rook checkmate or the "ladder checkmate"</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1276579313"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_chess" title="History of chess">History of chess</a></div> <p>In the medieval <a href="/wiki/Shatranj" title="Shatranj">shatranj</a>, the rook symbolized a <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a>. The Persian word <span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">rukh</i></span> means "chariot",<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as does the name of the corresponding piece in the original Indian version, <a href="/wiki/Chaturanga" title="Chaturanga">chaturanga</a>, <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">ratha</i></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In modern times, it is mostly known as <span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">हाथी</span></span> (elephant) to Hindi-speaking players, while East Asian chess games such as <a href="/wiki/Xiangqi" title="Xiangqi">xiangqi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi">shogi</a> have names also meaning chariot (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">車</span></span>) for the same piece.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antique_Indian_Mughal_Chess_Rook_Elephant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Antique_Indian_Mughal_Chess_Rook_Elephant.jpg/220px-Antique_Indian_Mughal_Chess_Rook_Elephant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Antique_Indian_Mughal_Chess_Rook_Elephant.jpg/330px-Antique_Indian_Mughal_Chess_Rook_Elephant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Antique_Indian_Mughal_Chess_Rook_Elephant.jpg/440px-Antique_Indian_Mughal_Chess_Rook_Elephant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2165" data-file-height="2165" /></a><figcaption>Antique Indian Mughal chess elephant made from sandalwood representing the rook</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg/220px-Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg/330px-Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg/440px-Grose-Francis-Pavisors-and-Moveable-Tower-Assaulting-Castle-1812.jpg 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>19th-century illustration of a <a href="/wiki/Siege_tower" title="Siege tower">siege tower</a>, which the rook may be intended to represent</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NMSLewisChessmen6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/NMSLewisChessmen6.jpg/220px-NMSLewisChessmen6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/NMSLewisChessmen6.jpg/330px-NMSLewisChessmen6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/NMSLewisChessmen6.jpg/440px-NMSLewisChessmen6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The berserker used as a rook in the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Persian war chariots were heavily armored, carrying a driver and at least one ranged-weapon bearer, such as an archer. The sides of the chariot were built to resemble fortified stone work, giving the impression of small, mobile buildings, causing terror on the battlefield.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Europe, the castle or tower appears for the first time in the 16th century in <a href="/wiki/Marco_Girolamo_Vida" title="Marco Girolamo Vida">Vida</a>'s 1550 <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ludus Scacchia</i></span>, and then as a tower on the back of an elephant. In time, the elephant disappeared and only the tower was used as the piece.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the West, the rook is almost universally represented as a <a href="/wiki/Crenellation" class="mw-redirect" title="Crenellation">crenellated</a> <a href="/wiki/Turret_(architecture)" title="Turret (architecture)">turret</a>. The piece is called <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">torre</i></span> ("tower") in Italian, Portuguese, Catalan and Spanish; <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">tour</i></span> in French; <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">toren</i></span> in Dutch; <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Turm</i></span> in German; <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">torn</i></span> in Swedish; and <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">torni</i></span> in Finnish. In Hungarian, it is <span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu">bástya</i></span> ("<a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">bastion</a>") and in Hebrew, it is called <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">צריח</span></span> (<span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">tsariʾaḥ</i></span>, meaning "turret").<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>'s collection of the medieval <a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chess pieces</a>, the rooks appear as stern warders, or wild-eyed <a href="/wiki/Berserker" title="Berserker">berserker</a> warriors. </p><p>Rooks are usually similar in appearance to small castles; thus, a rook is sometimes called a "castle",<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though modern chess literature rarely, if ever, uses this term.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some languages, the rook is called a ship: Thai <span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">เรือ</span></span> (<span title="Thai-language romanization"><i lang="th-Latn">reūa</i></span>), Armenian <span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">Նավակ</span></span> (<span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">navak</i></span>), Russian <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">ладья</span></span> (<span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">ladya</i></span>), Javanese <span title="Javanese-language text"><span lang="jv">ꦥꦿꦲꦸ</span></span> (<span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">prahu</i></span>). This may be because of the use of an Arabic style V-shaped rook piece, which some may have mistaken for a ship.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that the rendition comes from Sanskrit <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">roka</i></span> (ship); however, no chaturanga pieces were ever called a <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">roka</i></span>. Murray argued that the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> could not visualize a chariot moving through the jungles in sweeping fashion as the rook. The only vehicle that moved in straight fashion was a ship, thus they replaced it with <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Proa" title="Proa">prahu</a></i></span>. Murray, however, did not give an explanation why the Russians call the piece a "ship".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peter Tyson suggests that there is a correlation between the name of the piece and the word <span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Roc_(mythology)" title="Roc (mythology)">rukh</a></i></span>, a mythical giant <a href="/wiki/Bird_of_prey" title="Bird of prey">bird of prey</a> from <a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Persian mythology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">South Slavic languages</a>, it is called the "cannon" (<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: <span lang="sh-Cyrl">Топ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Serbo-Croatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Serbo-Croatian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Serbo-Croatian-language romanization"><i lang="sh-Latn">top</i></span>). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a>, it is known as <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಆನೆ</span></span> (<span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">āāne</i></span>), meaning "elephant".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is unusual, as the term for elephant is in many other languages applied to the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">bishop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name_translations">Name translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Name translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Overview of chess piece names </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </th> <th scope="col"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rook</a> </th> <th scope="col">Translation </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> <span title="Afrikaans-language text"><span lang="af" style="font-style: normal;">Toring</span></span></td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> Torra</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> </th> <td><b>ر</b> رخ / طابية (rukhkh / ṭābiya)</td> <td><i>fortress</i> / <i>castle</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan language">Azerbaijani</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> <a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_(%C5%9Fahmat)" class="extiw" title="az:Top (şahmat)">Top</a></td> <td><i>cannon</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> </th> <td><b>Ն</b> Նավակ (Navak)</td> <td><i>ship</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> </th> <td><b>G</b> Gaztelua</td> <td><i>castle</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tara%C5%A1kievica" title="Taraškievica">Taraškievica</a>) </th> <td><b>Лд</b> ладзьдзя</td> <td><i>boat</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> </th> <td><b>N</b> নৌকা (noukā)</td> <td><i>Boat</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> </th> <td><b>Т</b> топ</td> <td><i>cannon</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> torre</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> </th> <td><b>R</b> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">車</span></span> (jū)</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> </th> <td><b>V</b> věž</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> tårn</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> toren / kasteel</td> <td><i>tower</i> / <i>castle</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </th> <td><b>R</b> rook, castle</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> turo</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><b>V</b> vanker</td> <td><i>chariot</i> / <i>carriage</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> torni</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> tour</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> torre</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> </th> <td><b>ე</b> ეტლი (etli)</td> <td><i>chariot</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><b>T</b> Turm</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> </th> <td><b>Π</b> πύργος (pýrgos)</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> </th> <td><b>H</b> हाथी (hāthī)</td> <td><i>elephant</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> </th> <td><b>צ</b> צריח (Tzariach)</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a> </th> <td><b>R</b> sansanin</td> <td><i>fortress</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> </th> <td><b>B</b> bástya</td> <td><i>bastion</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> </th> <td><b>H</b> hrókur</td> <td><i>rook</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> turmo</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> </th> <td><b>B</b> benteng</td> <td><i>castle</i> / <i>fortress</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Interslavic" title="Interslavic">Interslavic</a> </th> <td><b>Z</b> zamok / věža</td> <td><i>castle / tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> </th> <td><b>C</b> <span title="Irish-language text"><span lang="ga" style="font-style: normal;">caiseal</span></span></td> <td><i>bulwark</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> torre</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> </th> <td><b>R</b> ルーク (rūku)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> </th> <td><b>B</b> bèntèng</td> <td><i>fortress</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> </th> <td><b>ಆ</b> ಆನೆ (aane)</td> <td><i>elephant</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> </th> <td><b>Т</b> тура (tura)</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> </th> <td><b>R</b> 룩 (rug)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> turris / elephas</td> <td><i>tower</i> / <i>elephant</i><sup id="cite_ref-Murray_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murray-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> tornis</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> </th> <td><b>B</b> bokštas</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> Tuerm</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> топ</td> <td><i>cannon</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> </th> <td><b>R</b> തേര് (therú)</td> <td><i>chariot</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> </th> <td><b>H</b> हत्ती (hātti)</td> <td><i>elephant</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> </th> <td><b>т</b> тэрэг (tereg)</td> <td><i>chariot</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Norwegian Bokmål</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> tårn</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Norwegian Nynorsk</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> tårn</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> </th> <td><b>R</b> ଡଙ୍ଗା (ḍôṅga)</td> <td><i>boat</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> </th> <td><b>ق/ر</b> قلعه/رخ</td> <td><i>castle</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> </th> <td><b>W</b> wieża</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> torre</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> turn / tură</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </th> <td><b>Л</b> ладья (ladya)</td> <td><i>boat</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> tùr</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> top / kula (<b>Т</b> топ / кула)</td> <td><i>cannon</i> / <i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Northern Sotho</a> </th> <td><b>N</b> Ntlosebô / Moshate</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> turru</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> </th> <td><b>V</b> veža</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> trdnjava</td> <td><i>castle</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> torre</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> torn</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> </th> <td><b>R</b> கோட்டை (kōṭṭai)</td> <td><i>castle</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> </th> <td>ఏనుగు (ēnugu)</td> <td><i>elephant</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> </th> <td><b>ร</b> เรือ (ruea)</td> <td><i>ship</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> </th> <td><b>K</b> kale</td> <td><i>castle</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> </th> <td><b>T</b> тура (tura)</td> <td><i>tower</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> </th> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl">رخ</span></span> (rukh)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> </th> <td><b>X</b> xe</td> <td><i>chariot</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> </th> <td><b>C</b> castell</td> <td><i>castle</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Rookwood_family_of_Stanningfield.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Arms_of_the_Rookwood_family_of_Stanningfield.png/200px-Arms_of_the_Rookwood_family_of_Stanningfield.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Arms_of_the_Rookwood_family_of_Stanningfield.png/300px-Arms_of_the_Rookwood_family_of_Stanningfield.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Arms_of_the_Rookwood_family_of_Stanningfield.png/400px-Arms_of_the_Rookwood_family_of_Stanningfield.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>Arms of the English family of Rookwood, featuring chess rooks as a <a href="/wiki/Canting_arms" title="Canting arms">cant</a> on the name</figcaption></figure><p> Chess rooks frequently occur as heraldic <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">charges</a>. Heraldic rooks are usually shown as they looked in medieval chess sets, with the usual battlements replaced by two outward-curving horns. They occur in arms from around the 13th century onwards. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Canadian_heraldry" title="Canadian heraldry">Canadian heraldry</a>, the chess rook is the <a href="/wiki/Cadency" title="Cadency">cadency</a> mark of a fifth daughter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">Chess symbols in Unicode</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> defines three codepoints for a rook: </p><p><span style="font-size:190%;">♖</span> U+2656 White Chess Rook </p><p><span style="font-size:190%;">♜</span> U+265C Black Chess Rook </p><p><span style="font-size:190%;">🨂</span> U+1FA02 Neutral Chess Rook </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_pawn_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and pawn versus rook endgame">Rook and pawn versus rook endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrasch_rule" title="Tarrasch rule">Tarrasch rule</a> – rooks belong behind passed pawns</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucena_position" title="Lucena position">Lucena position</a> – winning position</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_position" title="Philidor position">Philidor position</a> – drawing position</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/dictionary/rook_n2?tab=etymology#24892764">"Rook - noun²"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">The Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>. July 2023. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2FOED%2F5381483047">10.1093/OED/5381483047</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Rook+-+noun%C2%B2&rft.date=2023-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2FOED%2F5381483047&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fdictionary%2Frook_n2%3Ftab%3Detymology%2324892764&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/rocco/">"Rocco"</a>. <i>treccani.it</i> (in Italian). <a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Treccani</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=treccani.it&rft.atitle=Rocco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fvocabolario%2Frocco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etimo.it/?term=rocco">"Rocco"</a>. <i>etimo.it</i> (in Italian). Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=etimo.it&rft.atitle=Rocco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etimo.it%2F%3Fterm%3Drocco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSunnucks1970">Sunnucks 1970</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, 2nd ed. (online version, accessed Jan. 27, 2009), entry for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28581">"Castle"</a>, def. 9. "<i>Chess</i>. One of the pieces, made to represent a castle; also called a ROOK.". <i><a href="/wiki/New_Oxford_American_Dictionary" title="New Oxford American Dictionary">New Oxford American Dictionary</a></i>, 2nd ed. (2005) says that "castle" is informal and an "old-fashioned term for rook". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess">The Oxford Companion to Chess</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/David_Hooper_(chess_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Hooper (chess player)">David Hooper</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Whyld" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Whyld">Kenneth Whyld</a>, 2nd ed. (1992), p. 344 says "In English-speaking countries non-players sometimes call it a castle...". <i>Let's Play Chess</i> by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Pandolfini" title="Bruce Pandolfini">Bruce Pandolfini</a> (1986) p. 30, says "The rook is the piece mistakenly called the castle."; <i>The Everything Chess Basics Book</i> by Peter Kurzdorfer and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Chess_Federation" title="United States Chess Federation">United States Chess Federation</a>, Adams Media 2003, page 30, says "... often incorrectly referred to as a <i>castle</i> by the uninitiated".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Official Rules of Chess</i> by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schiller" title="Eric Schiller">Eric Schiller</a>, The US Chess Federation Official Rules of Chess (five editions by various authors), <i>Official Chess Handbook</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Harkness" title="Kenneth Harkness">Kenneth Harkness</a>, <i>Official Chess Rulebook</i> by Harkness, and <i>The Official Laws of Chess</i> by <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> (two editions) all use only the term "rook". Books for beginners such as <i>Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess</i>, <i>A World Champion's Guide to Chess</i> by <a href="/wiki/Susan_Polgar" title="Susan Polgar">Susan Polgar</a>, <i>The Complete Book of Chess</i> by <a href="/wiki/I._A._Horowitz" class="mw-redirect" title="I. A. Horowitz">I. A. Horowitz</a> & P. L. Rothenberg, and <i>Chess Fundamentals</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Capablanca" class="mw-redirect" title="José Capablanca">José Capablanca</a> (2006 revision by <a href="/wiki/Nick_de_Firmian" title="Nick de Firmian">Nick de Firmian</a>) also only mention "rook".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.chessbase.com/en/page/the-value-of-the-pieces-in-chess">"The value of the chess pieces"</a>. <i>Schach.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Schach.de&rft.atitle=The+value+of+the+chess+pieces&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.chessbase.com%2Fen%2Fpage%2Fthe-value-of-the-pieces-in-chess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chesskid.com/article/view/chess-pieces-values">"Understanding The Value Of Chess Pieces"</a>. <i>ChessKid.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChessKid.com&rft.atitle=Understanding+The+Value+Of+Chess+Pieces&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chesskid.com%2Farticle%2Fview%2Fchess-pieces-values&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFineBenko2003">Fine & Benko 2003</a>, p. 586</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1111927">"Lev Polugaevsky vs Larry Melvyn Evans (1970)"</a>. <i>www.chessgames.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chessgames.com&rft.atitle=Lev+Polugaevsky+vs+Larry+Melvyn+Evans+%281970%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chessgames.com%2Fperl%2Fchessgame%3Fgid%3D1111927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGriffiths1992">Griffiths 1992</a>, pp. 102–3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The two rooks are sometimes colloquially referred to as "pigs on the seventh", because they often threaten to "eat" the opponent's pieces or pawns.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlburt2009">Alburt 2009</a>, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson1949">Davidson 1949</a>, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">現代漢語詞典</span></span> (Modern Chinese Dictionary). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-07-0211-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-07-0211-2">978-962-07-0211-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chess-museum.com/cyclopes-elephants-and-chess-rooks-by-hans-hollaumlnder.html">"Article by Dr. Hans Holländer, "CYCLOPES, ELEPHANTS AND CHESS ROOKS"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+by+Dr.+Hans+Holl%C3%A4nder%2C+%22CYCLOPES%2C+ELEPHANTS+AND+CHESS+ROOKS%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chess-museum.com%2Fcyclopes-elephants-and-chess-rooks-by-hans-hollaumlnder.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.morfix.co.il/צריח"><bdi lang="he">מילון מורפיקס: צריח</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="he">תרגום מורפיקס</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1%3A+%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.morfix.co.il%2F%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHooperWhyld1996">Hooper & Whyld 1996</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorton1959">Horton 1959</a>, p. 175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStachowski2002" class="citation web cs1">Stachowski, Marek (January 4, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MpooAQAAIAAJ&q=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8F+">"Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia"</a>. Ksie̦garnia Akademicka – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Studia+Etymologica+Cracoviensia&rft.pub=Ksie%CC%A6garnia+Akademicka&rft.date=2002-01-04&rft.aulast=Stachowski&rft.aufirst=Marek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMpooAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%25D0%259B%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siamsport.co.th/football-international/premierleague/7117/">"ภาพแห่งปี! โรนัลโด้-เมสซี่โพสต์รูปเดียวกันขณะนั่งเล่นหมากรุก"</a>. <i>www.siamsport.co.th</i>. 20 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.siamsport.co.th&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%21+%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81&rft.date=2022-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siamsport.co.th%2Ffootball-international%2Fpremierleague%2F7117%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlobal" class="citation web cs1">Global, AIST. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chessschool.am/lesson/15">"Շախմատային նավակ"</a>. <i>chessschool.am</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chessschool.am&rft.atitle=%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6+%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF&rft.aulast=Global&rft.aufirst=AIST&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchessschool.am%2Flesson%2F15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2012" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Henry A. (2012-10-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PQBpr6KAdHkC&q=javanese+word+for+chariot&pg=PT66"><i>A Short History of Chess</i></a>. Crown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-82829-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-82829-3"><bdi>978-0-307-82829-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Chess&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2012-10-10&rft.isbn=978-0-307-82829-3&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Henry+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPQBpr6KAdHkC%26q%3Djavanese%2Bword%2Bfor%2Bchariot%26pg%3DPT66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyson2000" class="citation book cs1">Tyson, Peter (2000). <i>The eighth continent: life, death, and discovery in the lost world of Madagascar</i>. HarperCollins. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-380-97577-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-380-97577-7"><bdi>0-380-97577-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+eighth+continent%3A+life%2C+death%2C+and+discovery+in+the+lost+world+of+Madagascar&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-380-97577-7&rft.aulast=Tyson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.english-kannada.com/">"English :: Kannada Online Dictionary"</a>. <i>English :: Kannada Online Dictionary</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=English+%3A%3A+Kannada+Online+Dictionary&rft.atitle=English+%3A%3A+Kannada+Online+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.english-kannada.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCandler1907" class="citation journal cs1">Candler, Howard (January 1, 1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/2238958">"How the Elephant became a Bishop: An Enquiry into the Origin of the Names of Chess Pieces"</a>. <i>Archaeological Journal</i>. <b>64</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">80–</span>90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00665983.1907.10853048">10.1080/00665983.1907.10853048</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeological+Journal&rft.atitle=How+the+Elephant+became+a+Bishop%3A+An+Enquiry+into+the+Origin+of+the+Names+of+Chess+Pieces&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E80-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.date=1907-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00665983.1907.10853048&rft.aulast=Candler&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F2238958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Estonian chess terms were coined by <a href="/wiki/Ado_Grenzstein" title="Ado Grenzstein">Ado Grenzstein</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fide.com/fide/handbook.html?id=33&view=category">"Handbook"</a>. <i>www.fide.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2019</span>. <q>The pieces bear the names: Koenig, Dame, Turm, Laeufer, Springer, Bauer</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fide.com&rft.atitle=Handbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fide.com%2Ffide%2Fhandbook.html%3Fid%3D33%26view%3Dcategory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Murray_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. J. R. Murray, <i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Chess" title="A History of Chess">A History of Chess</a></i>, ch. 11.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlburt2009" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Alburt" title="Lev Alburt">Alburt, Lev</a> (December 2009), "Back to Basics", <i><a href="/wiki/Chess_Life" title="Chess Life">Chess Life</a></i>, <b>2009</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">44–</span>45</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chess+Life&rft.atitle=Back+to+Basics&rft.volume=2009&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E44-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=2009-12&rft.aulast=Alburt&rft.aufirst=Lev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarden,_Leonard1980" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Barden" title="Leonard Barden">Barden, Leonard</a> (1980), <i>Play Better Chess with Leonard Barden</i>, Octopus Books Limited, p. 10, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7064-0967-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7064-0967-1"><bdi>0-7064-0967-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Play+Better+Chess+with+Leonard+Barden&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Octopus+Books+Limited&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-7064-0967-1&rft.au=Barden%2C+Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrace,_Edward_R.1977" class="citation cs2">Brace, Edward R. (1977), "rook", <i>An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess</i>, Hamlyn Publishing Group, pp. <span class="nowrap">241–</span>42, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55521-394-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-55521-394-4"><bdi>1-55521-394-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=rook&rft.btitle=An+Illustrated+Dictionary+of+Chess&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E241-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.pub=Hamlyn+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=1-55521-394-4&rft.au=Brace%2C+Edward+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1949" class="citation cs2">Davidson, Henry (1949), <i>A Short History of Chess</i> (1981 paperback), McKay, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-14550-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-14550-8"><bdi>0-679-14550-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Chess&rft.pub=McKay&rft.date=1949&rft.isbn=0-679-14550-8&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFineBenko2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fine" title="Reuben Fine">Fine, Reuben</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pal_Benko" title="Pal Benko">Benko, Pal</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/Basic_Chess_Endings" title="Basic Chess Endings"><i>Basic Chess Endings (1941)</i></a> (2nd ed.), McKay, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8129-3493-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8129-3493-8"><bdi>0-8129-3493-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Chess+Endings+%281941%29&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=McKay&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8129-3493-8&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=Reuben&rft.au=Benko%2C+Pal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths1992" class="citation cs2">Griffiths, Peter (1992), <i>Exploring the Endgame</i>, American Chess Promotions, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-939298-83-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-939298-83-X"><bdi>0-939298-83-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+the+Endgame&rft.pub=American+Chess+Promotions&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-939298-83-X&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooperWhyld1996" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_Vincent_Hooper" title="David Vincent Hooper">Hooper, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Whyld" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Whyld">Whyld, Kenneth</a> (1996) [First pub. 1992], "rook", <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess"><i>The Oxford Companion to Chess</i></a> (2nd ed.), <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, pp. <span class="nowrap">343–</span>44, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280049-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280049-3"><bdi>0-19-280049-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=rook&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Chess&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E343-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-19-280049-3&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Whyld%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorton1959" class="citation cs2">Horton, Byrne J. (1959), <i>Dictionary of modern chess</i>, New York: Philosophical Library, p. 175, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8065-0173-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8065-0173-1"><bdi>0-8065-0173-1</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/606992">606992</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+modern+chess&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Philosophical+Library&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F606992&rft.isbn=0-8065-0173-1&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Byrne+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLasker1947" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Lasker" title="Emanuel Lasker">Lasker, Emanuel</a> (1947), <i>Lasker's Manual of Chess</i>, David McKay Company, p. 8, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-20640-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-20640-8"><bdi>0-486-20640-8</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3636924">3636924</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lasker%27s+Manual+of+Chess&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=David+McKay+Company&rft.date=1947&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3636924&rft.isbn=0-486-20640-8&rft.aulast=Lasker&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandolfini1986" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Pandolfini" title="Bruce Pandolfini">Pandolfini, Bruce</a> (1986), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/letsplaychessste00pand"><i>Let's Play Chess</i></a></span>, Fireside, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-61983-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-61983-7"><bdi>0-671-61983-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Let%27s+Play+Chess&rft.pub=Fireside&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-671-61983-7&rft.aulast=Pandolfini&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fletsplaychessste00pand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunnucks1970" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sunnucks" title="Anne Sunnucks">Sunnucks, Anne</a> (1970), "rook, the", <i>The Encyclopaedia of Chess</i>, St. Martins Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7091-4697-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7091-4697-1"><bdi>978-0-7091-4697-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=rook%2C+the&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Chess&rft.pub=St.+Martins+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-7091-4697-1&rft.aulast=Sunnucks&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARook+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chess_rooks" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chess rooks">Chess rooks</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessvariants.org/piececlopedia.dir/rook.html">Piececlopedia: Rook</a> by Fergus Duniho and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bodlaender" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Bodlaender">Hans Bodlaender</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chess_Variant_Pages" title="The Chess Variant Pages">The Chess Variant Pages</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chess_pieces110" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chess_piece" title="Template:Chess piece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chess_piece" title="Template talk:Chess piece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chess_piece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chess piece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chess_pieces110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">Chess pieces</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orthodox pieces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">Queen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy pieces</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_fairy_chess_pieces" title="List of fairy chess pieces">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfil" title="Alfil">Alfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(chess)" title="Amazon (chess)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berolina_pawn" title="Berolina pawn">Berolina pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_(chess)" title="Camel (chess)">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabbaba_(chess)" title="Dabbaba (chess)">Dabbaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_(chess)" title="Empress (chess)">Empress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferz" title="Ferz">Ferz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giraffe_(chess)" title="Giraffe (chess)">Giraffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_(chess)" title="Grasshopper (chess)">Grasshopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mann_(chess)" title="Mann (chess)">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightrider_(chess)" title="Nightrider (chess)">Nightrider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_(chess)" title="Princess (chess)">Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_(chess)" title="Wazir (chess)">Wazir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_(chess)" title="Zebra (chess)">Zebra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_set" title="Chess set">Chess set</a> (<a href="/wiki/Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippogonal" title="Hippogonal">Hippogonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Piece point values</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chess445" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chess" title="Template:Chess"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chess" title="Template talk:Chess"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chess" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chess"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chess445" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_chess" title="Outline of chess">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_theory" title="Chess theory">Chess theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_title" title="Chess title">Chess titles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">Grandmaster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_chess" title="Computer chess">Computer chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_computer_chess_terms" title="Glossary of computer chess terms">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_chess_matches" title="Human–computer chess matches">matches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_software" title="List of chess software">software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_chess" title="Correspondence chess">Correspondence chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_chess" title="Online chess">Online chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premove" title="Premove">Premove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_chess_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet chess server">Internet chess server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_internet_chess_platforms" title="List of internet chess platforms">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_rating_system" title="Chess rating system">Rating system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_world_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="FIDE world rankings">world rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_(chess)" title="Norm (chess)">norms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_variant" title="Chess variant">Variants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants" title="List of chess variants">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_chess" title="List of world records in chess">World records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_equipment" title="Chess equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_set" title="Chess set">Chess set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chessboard" title="Chessboard">chessboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_chess_set" title="Dubrovnik chess set">Dubrovnik chess set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton chess set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">Chess pieces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">Queen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_clock" title="Chess clock">Chess clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_table" title="Chess table">Chess table</a></li> <li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#score_sheets" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § Score sheets" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Score sheets</span></a></dfn></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_chess" title="History of chess">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chess" title="Timeline of chess">Timeline</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Versus_de_scachis" title="Versus de scachis">Versus de scachis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_manuscript" title="Göttingen manuscript">Göttingen manuscript</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne_chessmen" title="Charlemagne chessmen">Charlemagne chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_chess" title="Romantic chess">Romantic chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(chess)" title="Hypermodernism (chess)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_chess_school" title="Soviet chess school">Soviet chess school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_top_chess_players_throughout_history" title="Comparison of top chess players throughout history">Top player comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_chess" title="Geography of chess">Geography of chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Africa" title="Chess in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_South_Africa" title="Chess in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_China" title="Chess in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Europe" title="Chess in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Armenia" title="Chess in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Spain" title="Chess in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_India" title="Chess in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_games" title="List of chess games">Notable games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_players" title="List of chess players">List of chess players</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amateur_chess_players" title="List of amateur chess players">amateurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_chess_players" title="List of female chess players">female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_grandmasters" title="List of chess grandmasters">grandmasters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_chess" title="Women in chess">Women in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_chess" title="Transgender people in chess">Transgender people in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_museums" title="Category:Chess museums">Chess museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer_Center" title="Bobby Fischer Center">Bobby Fischer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kyay_Association_Chess_Museum" title="Gökyay Association Chess Museum">Gökyay Association Chess Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Chess Hall of Fame">World Chess Hall of Fame</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess" title="Rules of chess">Rules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">Castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_chess" title="Cheating in chess">Cheating in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">Checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">Draw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">by agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifty-move_rule" title="Fifty-move rule">Fifty-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_check" title="Perpetual check">Perpetual check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalemate" title="Stalemate">Stalemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_repetition" title="Threefold repetition">Threefold repetition</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/En_passant" title="En passant">En passant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">Pawn promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_control" title="Time control">Time control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_chess" title="Fast chess">Fast chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch-move_rule" title="Touch-move rule">Touch-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_and_Black_in_chess" title="White and Black in chess">White and Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blunder_(chess)" title="Blunder (chess)">Blunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_notation" title="Chess notation">Chess notation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_notation_(chess)" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">algebraic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descriptive_notation" title="Descriptive notation">descriptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Game_Notation" title="Portable Game Notation">PGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_annotation_symbols" title="Chess annotation symbols">annotation symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">symbols in Unicode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianchetto" title="Fianchetto">Fianchetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambit" title="Gambit">Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_square" title="Key square">Key square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_walk" title="King walk">King walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_file" title="Open file">Open file</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-open_file" title="Half-open file">Half-open file</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(chess)" title="Outpost (chess)">Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backward_pawn" title="Backward pawn">backward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_pawns" title="Connected pawns">connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubled_pawns" title="Doubled pawns">doubled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">isolated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_pawn" title="Passed pawn">passed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindle_(chess)" title="Swindle (chess)">Swindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(chess)" title="Tempo (chess)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposition_(chess)" title="Transposition (chess)">Transposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_traps" title="List of chess traps">Trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tactic" title="Chess tactic">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling#Artificial_castling" title="Castling">Artificial castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_(chess)" title="Battery (chess)">Battery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_gun" title="Alekhine's gun">Alekhine's gun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(chess)" title="Block (chess)">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate_pattern" title="Checkmate pattern">Checkmate patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_(chess)" title="Combination (chess)">Combination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoy_(chess)" title="Decoy (chess)">Decoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflection_(chess)" title="Deflection (chess)">Deflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desperado_(chess)" title="Desperado (chess)">Desperado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovered_attack" title="Discovered attack">Discovered attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_check" title="Double check">Double check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(chess)" title="Fork (chess)">Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(chess)" title="Interference (chess)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overloading_(chess)" title="Overloading (chess)">Overloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_storm" title="Pawn storm">Pawn storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(chess)" title="Pin (chess)">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(chess)" title="Sacrifice (chess)">Sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_sacrifice" title="Queen sacrifice">Queen sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skewer_(chess)" title="Skewer (chess)">Skewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undermining_(chess)" title="Undermining (chess)">Undermining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_(chess)" title="Windmill (chess)">Windmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_(chess)" title="X-ray (chess)">X-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwischenzug" title="Zwischenzug">Zwischenzug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_strategy" title="Chess strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compensation_(chess)" title="Compensation (chess)">Compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(chess)" title="Exchange (chess)">Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_exchange_(chess)" title="The exchange (chess)">the exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_(chess)" title="Initiative (chess)">Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-move_advantage_in_chess" title="First-move advantage in chess">first-move advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_middlegame" title="Chess middlegame">Middlegame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_structure" title="Pawn structure">Pawn structure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedgehog_(chess)" title="Hedgehog (chess)">Hedgehog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">Isolated Queen's Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%B3czy_Bind" title="Maróczy Bind">Maróczy Bind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_attack" title="Minority attack">Minority attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Piece values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophylaxis_(chess)" title="Prophylaxis (chess)">Prophylaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_chess" title="School of chess">School of chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening" title="Chess opening">Openings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flank_opening" title="Flank opening">Flank opening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Fianchetto_Opening" title="King's Fianchetto Opening">Benko Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Opening" title="Bird's Opening">Bird's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunst_Opening" title="Dunst Opening">Dunst Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Opening" title="English Opening">English Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grob%27s_Attack" title="Grob's Attack">Grob's Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larsen%27s_Opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Larsen's Opening">Larsen's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zukertort_Opening" title="Zukertort Opening">Zukertort Opening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Attack" title="King's Indian Attack">King's Indian Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ti_Opening" title="Réti Opening">Réti Opening</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Pawn_Game" title="King's Pawn Game">King's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_Defence" title="Alekhine's Defence">Alekhine's Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro%E2%80%93Kann_Defence" title="Caro–Kann Defence">Caro–Kann Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Defence" title="French Defence">French Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Defense" title="Modern Defense">Modern Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzowitsch_Defence" title="Nimzowitsch Defence">Nimzowitsch Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Game" title="Open Game">Open Game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Knights_Game" title="Four Knights Game">Four Knights Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuoco_Piano" title="Giuoco Piano">Giuoco Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Game" title="Italian Game">Italian Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Gambit" title="King's Gambit">King's Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov%27s_Defence" title="Petrov's Defence">Petrov's Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_Defence" title="Philidor Defence">Philidor Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponziani_Opening" title="Ponziani Opening">Ponziani Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_Lopez" title="Ruy Lopez">Ruy Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Italian_Opening" title="Semi-Italian Opening">Semi-Italian Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Game" title="Scotch Game">Scotch Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Knights_Defense" title="Two Knights Defense">Two Knights Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Game" title="Vienna Game">Vienna Game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen%27s_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Owen's Defense">Owen's Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence" title="Pirc Defence">Pirc Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence,_Austrian_Attack" title="Pirc Defence, Austrian Attack">Austrian Attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Defense" title="Scandinavian Defense">Scandinavian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence" title="Sicilian Defence">Sicilian Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Alapin_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Alapin Variation">Alapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Dragon_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation">Dragon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Accelerated_Dragon" title="Sicilian Defence, Accelerated Dragon">Accelerated Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Najdorf_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation">Najdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Scheveningen_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation">Scheveningen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Pawn_Game" title="Queen's Pawn Game">Queen's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Gambit" title="Budapest Gambit">Budapest Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colle_System" title="Colle System">Colle System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Defence" title="Dutch Defence">Dutch Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence" title="English Defence">English Defense</a>]]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Defence" title="Indian Defence">Indian Defense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benoni_Defense" title="Benoni Defense">Benoni Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Benoni" title="Modern Benoni">Modern Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogo-Indian_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogo-Indian Defense">Bogo-Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Opening" title="Catalan Opening">Catalan Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Defence" title="Grünfeld Defence">Grünfeld Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Defence" title="King's Indian Defence">King's Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzo-Indian_Defence" title="Nimzo-Indian Defence">Nimzo-Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Indian_Defense" title="Old Indian Defense">Old Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Indian_Defense" title="Queen's Indian Defense">Queen's Indian Defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_System" title="London System">London System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richter%E2%80%93Veresov_Attack" title="Richter–Veresov Attack">Richter–Veresov Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit" title="Queen's Gambit">Queen's Gambit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Accepted" title="Queen's Gambit Accepted">Accepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Declined" title="Queen's Gambit Declined">Declined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slav_Defense" title="Slav Defense">Slav Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Slav_Defense" title="Semi-Slav Defense">Semi-Slav Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigorin_Defense" title="Chigorin Defense">Chigorin Defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_Attack" title="Torre Attack">Torre Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompowsky_Attack" title="Trompowsky Attack">Trompowsky Attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_openings" title="List of chess openings">List of openings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_theory_table" title="Chess opening theory table">theory table</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_gambits" title="List of chess gambits">List of chess gambits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_chess_opening" title="Irregular chess opening">Irregular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongcloud_Attack" title="Bongcloud Attack">Bongcloud Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_mate" title="Fool's mate">Fool's mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholar%27s_mate" title="Scholar's mate">Scholar's mate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">Endgames</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_and_knight_checkmate" title="Bishop and knight checkmate">Bishop and knight checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_pawn_versus_king_endgame" title="King and pawn versus king endgame">King and pawn vs. king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposite-colored_bishops_endgame" title="Opposite-colored bishops endgame">Opposite-colored bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnless_chess_endgame" title="Pawnless chess endgame">Pawnless endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_and_pawn_versus_queen_endgame" title="Queen and pawn versus queen endgame">Queen and pawn vs. queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_pawn_endgame" title="Queen versus pawn endgame">Queen vs. pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_rook_endgame" title="Queen versus rook endgame">Queen vs. rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_bishop_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and bishop versus rook endgame">Rook and bishop vs. rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_pawn_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and pawn versus rook endgame">Rook and pawn vs. rook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucena_position" title="Lucena position">Lucena position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_position" title="Philidor position">Philidor position</a></li></ul></li> <li>Strategy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_(chess)" title="Fortress (chess)">fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(chess)" title="Opposition (chess)">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrasch_rule" title="Tarrasch rule">Tarrasch rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(chess)" title="Triangulation (chess)">triangulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">Zugzwang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_study" title="Endgame study">Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_tablebase" title="Endgame tablebase">Tablebase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_knights_endgame" title="Two knights endgame">Two knights endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_bishop" title="Wrong bishop">Wrong bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_rook_pawn" title="Wrong rook pawn">Wrong rook pawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tournament" title="Chess tournament">Tournaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_strong_chess_tournaments" title="List of strong chess tournaments">List of strong chess tournaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_Olympiad" title="Chess Olympiad">Chess Olympiad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Chess_Olympiad" title="Women's Chess Olympiad">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship" title="World Chess Championship">World Chess Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Chess_Championships" title="List of World Chess Championships">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_World_Cup" title="Chess World Cup">Chess World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_Grand_Prix" title="FIDE Grand Prix">FIDE Grand Prix</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other world championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_World_Chess_Championship" title="Women's World Chess Championship">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Team_Chess_Championship" title="World Team Chess Championship">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rapid_Chess_Championship" title="World Rapid Chess Championship">Rapid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Blitz_Chess_Championship" title="World Blitz Chess Championship">Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Chess_Championship" title="World Junior Chess Championship">Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship" title="World Youth Chess Championship">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Chess_Championship" title="World Senior Chess Championship">Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Amateur_Chess_Championship" title="World Amateur Chess Championship">Amateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Championship_of_Chess_Composition" title="World Championship of Chess Composition">Chess composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Solving_Championship" title="World Chess Solving Championship">Solving</a></li></ul></li> <li>Computer chess championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess.com_Computer_Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess.com Computer Chess Championship">CCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Open_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="Dutch Open Computer Chess Championship">CSVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="North American Computer Chess Championship">North American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Chess_Engine_Championship" title="Top Chess Engine Championship">TCEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Chess Championship">WCCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Speed_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Speed Chess Championship">WCSCC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFssa" title="Caïssa">Caïssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_aesthetics" title="Chess aesthetics">Chess aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts" title="Chess in the arts">Chess in the arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_early_literature" title="Chess in early literature">early literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_chess" title="Category:Films about chess">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_about_chess" title="Category:Novels about chess">novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_paintings" title="Category:Chess paintings">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poems_about_chess" title="Category:Poems about chess">poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_stories_about_chess" title="Category:Short stories about chess">short stories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_books" title="List of chess books">Chess books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_book" title="Chess opening book">opening books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame_literature" title="Chess endgame literature">endgame literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess"><i>Oxford Companion</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_libraries" title="Chess libraries">Chess libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_columns_in_newspapers" title="Chess columns in newspapers">Chess newspaper columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_periodicals" title="List of chess periodicals">Chess periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbiter_(chess)" title="Arbiter (chess)">Arbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_boxing" title="Chess boxing">Chess boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_club" title="Chess club">Chess club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_composer" title="Chess composer">Chess composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">Chess engine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaZero" title="AlphaZero">AlphaZero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Blue (chess computer)">Deep Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Chess_Zero" title="Leela Chess Zero">Leela Chess Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockfish_(chess)" title="Stockfish (chess)">Stockfish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">Chess problem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess_problems" title="Glossary of chess problems">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke_chess_problem" title="Joke chess problem">joke chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_prodigy" title="Chess prodigy">Chess prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elo_rating_system" title="Elo rating system">Elo rating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_exhibition" title="Simultaneous exhibition">Simultaneous exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie-breaking_in_Swiss-system_tournaments" title="Tie-breaking in Swiss-system tournaments">Tie-breaking in Swiss-system tournaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solving_chess" title="Solving chess">Solving chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/28px-Chess.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/42px-Chess.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/56px-Chess.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Chess" title="Portal:Chess">Chess portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess" title="Category:Chess">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox577" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4061257-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85115347">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007546269205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&oldid=1276906333">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&oldid=1276906333</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_pieces" title="Category:Chess pieces">Chess pieces</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Castles" title="Category:Castles">Castles</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Hebrew-language_script_(he)" title="Category:CS1 uses Hebrew-language script (he)">CS1 uses Hebrew-language script (he)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_manual_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images">Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Persian-language text">Articles containing Persian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hindi-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hindi-language text">Articles containing Hindi-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2025" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2025">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Swedish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Swedish-language text">Articles containing Swedish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Finnish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Finnish-language text">Articles containing Finnish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hungarian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hungarian-language text">Articles containing Hungarian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Thai-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Thai-language text">Articles containing Thai-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Armenian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Armenian-language text">Articles containing Armenian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Javanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Javanese-language text">Articles containing Javanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Serbo-Croatian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Serbo-Croatian-language text">Articles containing Serbo-Croatian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Kannada-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Kannada-language text">Articles containing Kannada-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Afrikaans-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Afrikaans-language text">Articles containing Afrikaans-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Irish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Irish-language text">Articles containing Irish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Urdu-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Urdu-language text">Articles containing Urdu-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 February 2025, at 13:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rook_(chess)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rook (chess)</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>80 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-zbbkb","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.846","walltime":"1.011","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7238,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":185429,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6002,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":119844,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 817.481 1 -total"," 24.86% 203.235 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.16% 115.722 13 Template:Cite_web"," 10.32% 84.350 2 Template:Langx"," 10.11% 82.642 3 Template:Navbox"," 7.97% 65.168 1 Template:Chess_piece"," 7.90% 64.582 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.92% 48.389 11 Template:Citation"," 5.50% 44.971 26 Template:Lang"," 4.96% 40.526 7 Template:Harvnb"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.479","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16820781,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAlburt2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarden,_Leonard1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrace,_Edward_R.1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCandler1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidson1949\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFineBenko2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlobal\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffiths1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHooperWhyld1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorton1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLasker1947\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandolfini1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStachowski2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSunnucks1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTyson2000\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"AN chess\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cgloss\"] = 1,\n [\"Chess\"] = 1,\n [\"Chess diagram\"] = 7,\n [\"Chess names\"] = 1,\n [\"Chess piece\"] = 1,\n [\"ChessAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Chessgloss\"] = 5,\n [\"Citation\"] = 11,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 12,\n [\"Clear\"] = 2,\n [\"Clear left\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-begin\"] = 3,\n [\"Col-break\"] = 7,\n [\"Col-end\"] = 3,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Em\"] = 1,\n [\"Further information\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 7,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 22,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Main article\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Pb\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Transl\"] = 7,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-dqt9f","timestamp":"20250223075157","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Rook (chess)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rook_(chess)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q137","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q137","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-03-08T11:47:49Z","dateModified":"2025-02-21T13:32:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fe\/Chess_piece_-_White_rook.JPG","headline":"piece from the board game chess"}</script> </body> </html>