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<label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Pangunahing pagpipilian </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z">Unang pahina</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia">Mga nilalaman</a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo">Napiling nilalaman</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x">Alinmang artikulo</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol">Patungkol sa Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan">Mga kaganapan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay">Pamayanan</a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan">Kapihan</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r">Mga huling binago</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia">Makipag-ugnayan</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia.">Tulong</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Hanapin </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Itsura </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class="">Donasyon</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Bibliya&returntoquery=section%3D14%26veaction%3Dedit" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class="">Gumawa ng account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Bibliya&returntoquery=section%3D14%26veaction%3Dedit" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Mag-login</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Mga pansariling kagamitan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl">Donasyon</a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"> Mag-ambag</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Bibliya&returntoquery=section%3D14%26veaction%3Dedit" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"> Gumawa ng account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Bibliya&returntoquery=section%3D14%26veaction%3Dedit" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"> Mag-login</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot">alamin pa</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n">Usapan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nilalaman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nilalaman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Nilalaman </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nilalaman-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Nilalaman </button> <ul id="toc-Nilalaman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tanakh_o_Lumang_Tipán" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanakh_o_Lumang_Tipán"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Tanakh o Lumang Tipán </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanakh_o_Lumang_Tipán-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bagong_Tipan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bagong_Tipan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Bagong Tipan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bagong_Tipan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagkakaiba_ng_Bagong_Tipán_sa_Lumang_Tipán" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagkakaiba_ng_Bagong_Tipán_sa_Lumang_Tipán"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Pagkakaiba ng Bagong Tipán sa Lumang Tipán </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagkakaiba_ng_Bagong_Tipán_sa_Lumang_Tipán-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinagmulan_ng_salita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinagmulan_ng_salita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Pinagmulan ng salita </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinagmulan_ng_salita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kayarian_at_paghahati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kayarian_at_paghahati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Kayarian at paghahati </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kayarian_at_paghahati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_Salin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_Salin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Mga Salin </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mga_Salin-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Mga Salin </button> <ul id="toc-Mga_Salin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tanakh_o_Lumang_Tipan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanakh_o_Lumang_Tipan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Tanakh o Lumang Tipan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanakh_o_Lumang_Tipan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bagong_Tipan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bagong_Tipan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Bagong Tipan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bagong_Tipan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Kanon </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kanon-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kanon </button> <ul id="toc-Kanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kanoninasyon_ng_Tanakh_o_Lumang_Tipan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanoninasyon_ng_Tanakh_o_Lumang_Tipan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Kanoninasyon ng Tanakh o Lumang Tipan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanoninasyon_ng_Tanakh_o_Lumang_Tipan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tanakh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanakh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Tanakh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanakh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lumang_Tipan_ng_Kristiyanismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lumang_Tipan_ng_Kristiyanismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Lumang Tipan ng Kristiyanismo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lumang_Tipan_ng_Kristiyanismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanoninasyon_ng_Bagong_Tipan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanoninasyon_ng_Bagong_Tipan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Kanoninasyon ng Bagong Tipan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanoninasyon_ng_Bagong_Tipan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanon_ng_iba't_ibang_denominasyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanon_ng_iba't_ibang_denominasyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Kanon ng iba't ibang denominasyon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanon_ng_iba't_ibang_denominasyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sa_Hudaismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sa_Hudaismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Sa Hudaismo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sa_Hudaismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sa_Samaritanismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sa_Samaritanismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 Sa Samaritanismo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sa_Samaritanismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sa_Marcionismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sa_Marcionismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.3 Sa Marcionismo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sa_Marcionismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sa_Katolisismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sa_Katolisismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.4 Sa Katolisismo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sa_Katolisismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sa_Ortodoksiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sa_Ortodoksiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.5 Sa Ortodoksiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sa_Ortodoksiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sa_Ortodoksong_Syriac" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sa_Ortodoksong_Syriac"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.6 Sa Ortodoksong Syriac </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sa_Ortodoksong_Syriac-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sa_Protestantismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sa_Protestantismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.7 Sa Protestantismo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sa_Protestantismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pananaw_ng_mga_iskolar_at_arkeologo_tungkol_sa_Bibliya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pananaw_ng_mga_iskolar_at_arkeologo_tungkol_sa_Bibliya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Pananaw ng mga iskolar at arkeologo tungkol sa Bibliya </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pananaw_ng_mga_iskolar_at_arkeologo_tungkol_sa_Bibliya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Pananaw ng mga iskolar at arkeologo tungkol sa Bibliya </button> <ul id="toc-Pananaw_ng_mga_iskolar_at_arkeologo_tungkol_sa_Bibliya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arkeolohiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arkeolohiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Arkeolohiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arkeolohiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinagmulan_ng_monoteismo_sa_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinagmulan_ng_monoteismo_sa_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Pinagmulan ng monoteismo sa Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinagmulan_ng_monoteismo_sa_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kristiyanismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kristiyanismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Kristiyanismo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kristiyanismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritisismong_tekstuwal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritisismong_tekstuwal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Kritisismong tekstuwal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritisismong_tekstuwal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritisismong_historikal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritisismong_historikal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Kritisismong historikal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritisismong_historikal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lumang_Tipan_o_Tanakh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lumang_Tipan_o_Tanakh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5.1 Lumang Tipan o Tanakh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lumang_Tipan_o_Tanakh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bagong_Tipan_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bagong_Tipan_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5.2 Bagong Tipan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bagong_Tipan_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_kritisismo_ng_Bibliya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_kritisismo_ng_Bibliya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Mga kritisismo ng Bibliya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_kritisismo_ng_Bibliya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tingnan_din" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tingnan_din"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Tingnan din </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tingnan_din-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Tingnan din </button> <ul id="toc-Tingnan_din-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mga_paksa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_paksa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Mga paksa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_paksa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Mga sanggunian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_panlabas_na_kawing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_panlabas_na_kawing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Mga panlabas na kawing </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mga_panlabas_na_kawing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Mga panlabas na kawing </button> <ul id="toc-Mga_panlabas_na_kawing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mga_salin_sa_tagalog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_salin_sa_tagalog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Mga salin sa tagalog </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_salin_sa_tagalog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bibliya</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 264 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-264" aria-hidden="true" > 264 (na) wika </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Абиблиа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Абиблиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bybel" title="Bybel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bybel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibel" title="Bibel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bibel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8C%BD%E1%88%90%E1%8D%8D_%E1%89%85%E1%8B%B1%E1%88%B5" title="መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblio%C3%BE%C4%93ce" title="Biblioþēce – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Biblioþēce" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikpa_Mbuban" title="Ikpa Mbuban – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ikpa Mbuban" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="बाइबल – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बाइबल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="الكتاب المقدس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكتاب المقدس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%AC%DC%92%DC%90_%DC%A9%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%AB%DC%90" title="ܟܬܒܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܬܒܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="الكتاب المقدس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكتاب المقدس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Библия – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Библия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="बाइबल – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बाइबल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliya" title="Bibliya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bibliya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="کیتاب موقدس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کیتاب موقدس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Библия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Библия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibel" title="Bibel – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bibel" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibl%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Biblėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Biblėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibel" title="Bibel – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Bibel" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliya" title="Bibliya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bibliya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біблія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біблія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біблія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Біблія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_Mugadas" title="Kitab Mugadas – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kitab Mugadas" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Библия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Библия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="बाइबिल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बाइबिल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baebol" title="Baebol – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Baebol" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibulu" title="Bibulu – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Bibulu" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="বাইবেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাইবেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="གསུང་རབ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གསུང་རབ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="বাইবেল – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বাইবেল" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibl" title="Bibl – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bibl" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblija" title="Biblija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biblija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Библи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Библи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADblia" title="Bíblia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bíblia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ng-g%C4%ADng" title="Séng-gĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Séng-gĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Библи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Библи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliya" title="Bibliya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bibliya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27he%C3%B3nem%C3%B4xe%27%C3%AAstoo%27o" title="Ma'heónemôxe'êstoo'o – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ma'heónemôxe'êstoo'o" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B2" title="کتێبی پیرۆز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کتێبی پیرۆز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibbia" title="Bibbia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Bibbia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bible" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibl%C3%ABj%C3%B4" title="Biblëjô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Biblëjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%97%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Вївлїꙗ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Вївлїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Библи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Библи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Beibl" title="Y Beibl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Beibl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibelen" title="Bibelen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bibelen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibel" title="Bibel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bibel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C9%9B%CC%88t_de_Nhialic" title="Wɛ̈t de Nhialic – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Wɛ̈t de Nhialic" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ncil" title="İncil – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İncil" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblija" title="Biblija – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Biblija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="बाइबल – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बाइबल" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0" title="ބައިބަލް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބައިބަލް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE" title="Αγία Γραφή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγία Γραφή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9bia" title="Bébia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Bébia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bible" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblio" title="Biblio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biblio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piibel" title="Piibel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Piibel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADblia" title="Bíblia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bíblia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="کتاب مقدس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتاب مقدس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raamattu" title="Raamattu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Raamattu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piibli" title="Piibli – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Piibli" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai_Vola_Tabu" title="Ai Vola Tabu – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ai Vola Tabu" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADblian" title="Bíblian – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bíblian" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bible" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibla" title="Bibla – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bibla" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biibel" title="Biibel – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Biibel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblie" title="Biblie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Biblie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibel" title="Bibel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bibel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_B%C3%ADobla" title="An Bíobla – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Bíobla" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliya" title="Bibliya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Bibliya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="聖經" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labib" title="Labib – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Labib" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ACoball" title="Bìoball – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bìoball" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tup%C3%A3_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BDngue_ryru" title="Tupã ñe'ẽngue ryru – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tupã ñe'ẽngue ryru" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povitr_Pustok" title="Povitr Pustok – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Povitr Pustok" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B2" title="બાઇબલ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બાઇબલ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblu" title="Biblu – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Biblu" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vible" title="Yn Vible – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vible" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baib%C3%BBl" title="Baibûl – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Baibûl" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3n-k%C3%AEn" title="Sṳn-kîn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sṳn-kîn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paipala" title="Paipala – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Paipala" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="ביבליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביבליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="बाइबिल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बाइबिल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ho mw-list-item"><a href="https://ho.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baibel" title="Baibel – Hiri Motu" lang="ho" hreflang="ho" data-title="Baibel" data-language-autonym="Hiri Motu" data-language-local-name="Hiri Motu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hiri Motu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblija" title="Biblija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biblija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblija" title="Biblija – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Biblija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bib" title="Bib – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bib" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B9" title="Աստվածաշունչ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստվածաշունչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B9" title="Աստուածաշունչ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աստուածաշունչ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bup_Kudus" title="Bup Kudus – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bup Kudus" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkitab" title="Alkitab – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alkitab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bible" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akw%E1%BB%A5kw%E1%BB%8D_Ns%E1%BB%8D" title="Akwụkwọ Nsọ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Akwụkwọ Nsọ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblo" title="Biblo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Biblo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibl%C3%ADan" title="Biblían – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Biblían" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibbia" title="Bibbia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bibbia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%9B%B8" title="聖書 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="聖書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baibl" title="Baibl – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Baibl" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkitab" title="Alkitab – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alkitab" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბიბლია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბიბლია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibibelt" title="Tibibelt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tibibelt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kpa%CC%B1m_A%CC%B1lyiat_A%CC%B1gwaza" title="Kpa̱m A̱lyiat A̱gwaza – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kpa̱m A̱lyiat A̱gwaza" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kj mw-list-item"><a href="https://kj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombibeli" title="Ombibeli – Kuanyama" lang="kj" hreflang="kj" data-title="Ombibeli" data-language-autonym="Kwanyama" data-language-local-name="Kuanyama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kwanyama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Библия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Библия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biibili" title="Biibili – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Biibili" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A" title="ព្រះគម្ពីរ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រះគម្ពីរ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬೈಬಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೈಬಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%BD" title="성경 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Библия – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Библия" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibel" title="Bibel – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Bibel" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Enc%C3%AEl" title="Încîl – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Încîl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Библия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Библия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibel" title="Bibel – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bibel" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Библия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Библия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibel" title="Bibel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bibel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baibuli" title="Baibuli – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Baibuli" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biebel" title="Biebel – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Biebel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibbia" title="Bibbia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Bibbia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibia" title="Bibia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bibia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibia" title="Bibia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bibia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibl%C3%ADya" title="Biblíya – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Biblíya" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A5" title="ຄຳພີໄບເບີລ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄຳພີໄບເບີລ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblija" title="Biblija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biblija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%ABbele" title="Bībele – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bībele" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="बाइबल – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बाइबल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Библиясь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Библиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baiboly" title="Baiboly – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Baiboly" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paipera" title="Paipera – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Paipera" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkitab" title="Alkitab – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Alkitab" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Библија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Библија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE" title="ബൈബിൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബൈബിൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Библи – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Библи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A0%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC" title="သၠပတ်သမ္မာ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သၠပတ်သမ္မာ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="बायबल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बायबल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Библи – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Библи" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bible" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibbja" title="Bibbja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bibbja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADblia" title="Bíblia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bíblia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="သမ္မာကျမ်းစာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သမ္မာကျမ်းစာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoamoxtli" title="Teoamoxtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Teoamoxtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibbia" title="Bibbia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Bibbia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibel" title="Bibel – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bibel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biebel" title="Biebel – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Biebel" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="बाइबल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बाइबल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="ख्रिस्ति धर्म – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ख्रिस्ति धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ng mw-list-item"><a href="https://ng.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombimbeli" title="Ombimbeli – Ndonga" lang="ng" hreflang="ng" data-title="Ombimbeli" data-language-autonym="Oshiwambo" data-language-local-name="Ndonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oshiwambo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sura_Ni%27amoni%27%C3%B6" title="Sura Ni'amoni'ö – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Sura Ni'amoni'ö" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijbel_(christendom)" title="Bijbel (christendom) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bijbel (christendom)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibelen" title="Bibelen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bibelen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibelen" title="Bibelen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bibelen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bible" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Bible" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibele" title="Bibele – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Bibele" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baibulo" title="Baibulo – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Baibulo" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADblia" title="Bíblia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bíblia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblii" title="Biblii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Biblii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaafa_Qulqulluu" title="Macaafa Qulqulluu – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Macaafa Qulqulluu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Библи – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Библи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2" title="ਬਾਈਬਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਈਬਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beibel" title="Beibel – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Beibel" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibe" title="Bibe – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bibe" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baibul" title="Baibul – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Baibul" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biwwel" title="Biwwel – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Biwwel" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibel" title="Bibel – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Bibel" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibia" title="Bibia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bibia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%84" title="بائبل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بائبل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%84" title="بائبل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بائبل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADblia" title="Bíblia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bíblia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai_nua_Cemas" title="Kai nua Cemas – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Kai nua Cemas" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pinayuanan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuyaya_Simin" title="Apuyaya Simin – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Apuyaya Simin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibla" title="Bibla – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Bibla" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibiliya" title="Bibiliya – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Bibiliya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_Ayia" title="Biblia Ayia – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Biblia Ayia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Библия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Библия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біблія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Біблія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibiliya" title="Bibiliya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Bibiliya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Биибилийэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Биибилийэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibbia" title="Bibbia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bibbia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibbia" title="Bibbia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bibbia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bible" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%84" title="بائبل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بائبل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biibbal" title="Biibbal – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Biibbal" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Bible" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblija" title="Biblija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biblija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="බයිබලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බයිබලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bible" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biblia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveto_pismo" title="Sveto pismo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sveto pismo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27O_le_Tusi_Pa%27ia" title="'O le Tusi Pa'ia – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="'O le Tusi Pa'ia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaibheri" title="Bhaibheri – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhaibheri" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitaabka_quduska" title="Kitaabka quduska – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kitaabka quduska" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibla" title="Bibla – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bibla" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Библија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Библија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8ibel" title="Bèibel – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Bèibel" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiBhayibheli" title="LiBhayibheli – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="LiBhayibheli" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebele" title="Bebele – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Bebele" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biebel" title="Biebel – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Biebel" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkitab" title="Alkitab – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alkitab" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibeln" title="Bibeln – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bibeln" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_ya_Kikristo" title="Biblia ya Kikristo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Biblia ya Kikristo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblijo" title="Biblijo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Biblijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syesiw" title="Syesiw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Syesiw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="விவிலியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விவிலியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyso(Sinsman_Ke_Utux_Kayal)" title="Seyso(Sinsman Ke Utux Kayal) – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Seyso(Sinsman Ke Utux Kayal)" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬೈಬಲ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಬೈಬಲ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="బైబిల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బైబిల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADblia" title="Bíblia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Bíblia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Китоби Муқаддас – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Китоби Муқаддас" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="คัมภีร์ไบเบิล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คัมภีร์ไบเบิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8C%BD%E1%88%93%E1%8D%8D_%E1%89%85%E1%8B%B1%E1%88%B5" title="መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injil" title="Injil – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Injil" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baebele" title="Baebele – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Baebele" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohitapu" title="Tohitapu – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Tohitapu" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baibel" title="Baibel – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Baibel" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%C3%A2b-%C4%B1_Mukaddes" title="Kitâb-ı Mukaddes – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kitâb-ı Mukaddes" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibele" title="Bibele – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Bibele" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Библия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Библия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baibolo" title="Baibolo – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Baibolo" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibel" title="Bibel – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Bibel" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipiria" title="Pipiria – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Pipiria" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%89%D9%84" title="ئىنجىل – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىنجىل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біблія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біблія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%84" title="بائبل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بائبل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliya" title="Bibliya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bibliya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivhili" title="Bivhili – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Bivhili" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibia" title="Bibia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bibia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblii" title="Biblii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Biblii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinh_Th%C3%A1nh" title="Kinh Thánh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kinh Thánh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bybel" title="Bybel – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Bybel" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bib" title="Bib – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bib" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibe" title="Bibe – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bibe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliy%C3%A1" title="Bibliyá – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bibliyá" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biib%C3%ABl" title="Biibël – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Biibël" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="圣经 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣经" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Библь – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Библь" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBhayibhile" title="IBhayibhile – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IBhayibhile" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბიბლია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბიბლია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9C" title="ביבל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ביבל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADb%C3%A9l%C3%AC_M%C3%ADm%E1%BB%8D%CC%81" title="Bíbélì Mímọ́ – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bíbélì Mímọ́" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swnggingh" title="Swnggingh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" 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data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8ng-keng" title="Sèng-keng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sèng-keng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖經" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBhayibheli" title="IBhayibheli – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IBhayibheli" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><dl><dd>Tungkol sa tekstong Kristyano ang artikulong ito. Para sa tekstong Hudyo, tingnan ang <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a>.</dd></dl> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0.4em 0;padding:0;line-height:0.4em;"> </td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;background:#ccf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bibliya</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;padding:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bibliya"><img alt="Bibliya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/120px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/180px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/240px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Kanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Biblikal_na_kanon" title="Biblikal na kanon">Biblikal na kanon</a> <a href="/wiki/Kanon_ng_Hudaismo" title="Kanon ng Hudaismo">Kanon ng Hudaismo</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanon_ng_Silangang_Ortodokso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanon ng Silangang Ortodokso (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kanon ng Silangang Ortodokso</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanon_ng_Simbahang_Katoliko_Romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanon ng Simbahang Katoliko Romano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kanon ng Simbahang Katoliko Romano</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanon_ng_Protestante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanon ng Protestante (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kanon ng Protestante</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanon_na_Samaritano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanon na Samaritano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kanon na Samaritano</a> <a href="/wiki/Kanon_ng_Simbahang_Ortodoksong_Etiopanong_Tewahedo" title="Kanon ng Simbahang Ortodoksong Etiopanong Tewahedo">Kanon ng Simbahang Ortodoksong Etiopanong Tewahedo</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanon_ng_Simbahan_ng_Silangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanon ng Simbahan ng Silangan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kanon ng Simbahan ng Silangan</a></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2; line-height:1.2em;"> May akda at pag-unlad</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/May_akda_ng_Biblya" title="May akda ng Biblya">May akda ng Biblya</a> <a href="/wiki/Petsa_ng_pagkakasulat_ng_Bibliya" title="Petsa ng pagkakasulat ng Bibliya">Petsa ng pagkakasulat ng Bibliya</a> </td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2; line-height:1.2em;"> Mga salin at manuskrito</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Torah">Samaritan Torah</a> <a href="/wiki/Tekstong_Masoretiko" title="Tekstong Masoretiko">Tekstong Masoretiko</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mga_iskrolyo_ng_Patay_na_Dagat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga iskrolyo ng Patay na Dagat">Mga iskrolyo ng Patay na Dagat</a> ·  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Targum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Targum (hindi pa naisusulat)">Targum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a> <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vulgata" title="Vulgata">Vulgata</a> <a href="/wiki/Theodotion" title="Theodotion">Theodotion</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Hexapla" title="Hexapla">Hexapla</a> · <a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus" title="Codex Vaticanus">Codex Vaticanus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bibliyang_Luther" title="Bibliyang Luther">Bibliyang Luther</a> · <a href="/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2; line-height:1.2em;"> Pag-aaral</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Arkeolohiyang_pambibliya" title="Arkeolohiyang pambibliya">Arkeolohiyang pambibliya</a> <a href="/wiki/Novum_Testamentum_Graece" title="Novum Testamentum Graece">Novum Testamentum Graece</a> <a href="/wiki/Dokumentaryong_Hipotesis" title="Dokumentaryong Hipotesis">Dokumentaryong Hipotesis</a> <a href="/wiki/Mataas_na_Kritisismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mataas na Kritisismo">Mataas na Kritisismo</a> <a href="/wiki/Kritisismong_tekstuwal" title="Kritisismong tekstuwal">Kritisismong tekstuwal</a> <a href="/wiki/Problemang_sinoptiko" title="Problemang sinoptiko">Problemang sinoptiko</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Historisidad_ng_Bibliya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historisidad ng Bibliya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Historisidad ng Bibliya</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsistensiya_ng_Bibliya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsistensiya ng Bibliya (hindi pa naisusulat)">konsistensiya ng Bibliya</a> Eliš</td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2; line-height:1.2em;"> Mga paksa</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Hesus" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">Diyos</a> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> <a href="/wiki/Propesiya_ng_Bibliya" title="Propesiya ng Bibliya">Propesiya ng Bibliya</a> <a href="/wiki/Moralidad" title="Moralidad">Moralidad</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kababaihan_sa_Bibliya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kababaihan sa Bibliya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kababaihan sa Bibliya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poligamiya" title="Poligamiya">Poligamiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pang-aalipin" title="Pang-aalipin">Pang-aalipin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; background:#cee0f2; line-height:1.2em;"> Mga mahahalagang sanggunian sa pag-aaral ng Bibliya</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.6em;"> <a href="/wiki/Mga_papiro_at_ostracon_ng_Elefantina" title="Mga papiro at ostracon ng Elefantina">Mga papiro at ostracon ng Elefantina</a> <a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinaunang_Malapit_na_Silangan" title="Sinaunang Malapit na Silangan">Sinaunang Malapit na Silangan</a>(e.g. <a href="/wiki/Mga_liham_ng_Amarna" title="Mga liham ng Amarna">Mga liham ng Amarna</a> <a href="/wiki/Gnostisismo" title="Gnostisismo">Gnostisismo</a> <a href="/wiki/Mga_iskrolyo_ng_Patay_na_Dagat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga iskrolyo ng Patay na Dagat">Mga iskrolyo ng Patay na Dagat</a> <a href="/wiki/Aklatang_Nag_Hammadi" title="Aklatang Nag Hammadi">Aklatang Nag Hammadi</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_Papyri" title="Oxyrhynchus Papyri">Oxyrhynchus Papyri</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_panitikan_ng_Sinaunang_Malapit_na_Silangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga panitikan ng Sinaunang Malapit na Silangan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga panitikan ng Sinaunang Malapit na Silangan</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Epiko_ni_Gilgamesh" title="Epiko ni Gilgamesh">Epiko ni Gilgamesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/En%C3%BBma_Eli%C5%A1" title="Enûma Eliš">Enûma Eliš</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kodigo_ni_Hammurabi" title="Kodigo ni Hammurabi">Kodigo ni Hammurabi</a>) <a href="/wiki/Mga_ama_ng_simbahan" title="Mga ama ng simbahan">Mga ama ng simbahan</a> at mga katunggali nito gaya ni <a href="/wiki/Marcion" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcion">Marcion</a> Mga manunulat ng unang siglo ( e.g. <a href="/wiki/Josephus" class="mw-redirect" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a>) Mga Hudyong iskolar (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nachmanides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nachmanides (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nachmanides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_ibn_Ezra" title="Abraham ibn Ezra">Abraham ibn Ezra</a>) Mga panitikan ng Sinaunang Gresya (e.g <a href="/wiki/Ang_Bacchae" title="Ang Bacchae">Ang Bacchae</a>)</td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top:0.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1843287">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Bibliya" title="Padron:Bibliya"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Bibliya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Bibliya (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Bibliya&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 150px;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mga Aklat ng Bibliya</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> o <a href="/wiki/Lumang_Tipan" title="Lumang Tipan">Lumang Tipan</a> <ul><li>Torah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Genesis" title="Aklat ng Genesis">Aklat ng Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Exodo" title="Aklat ng Exodo">Aklat ng Exodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Levitico" title="Aklat ng Levitico">Aklat ng Levitico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuteronomio" title="Deuteronomio">Deuteronomio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_mga_Bilang" title="Aklat ng mga Bilang">Aklat ng mga Bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li>Neviim (Propeta) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Josue" title="Aklat ni Josue">Aklat ni Josue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_mga_Hukom" title="Aklat ng mga Hukom">Aklat ng mga Hukom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Samuel">1 Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Samuel">2 Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Hari" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Hari">1 Hari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Hari" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Hari">2 Hari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Isaias" title="Aklat ni Isaias">Aklat ni Isaias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Jeremias" title="Aklat ni Jeremias">Aklat ni Jeremias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Sofonias" title="Aklat ni Sofonias">Aklat ni Sofonias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Hageo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ni Hageo">Aklat ni Hageo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Zacarias" title="Aklat ni Zacarias">Aklat ni Zacarias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Malakias" title="Aklat ni Malakias">Aklat ni Malakias</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ketuvim (Kasulatan) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_mga_Awit" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ng mga Awit">Aklat ng mga Awit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_mga_Kawikaan" title="Aklat ng mga Kawikaan">Aklat ng mga Kawikaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Rut" title="Aklat ni Rut">Aklat ni Rut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awit_ni_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Awit ni Solomon">Awit ni Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclesiastes" title="Eclesiastes">Eclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_mga_Panaghoy" title="Aklat ng mga Panaghoy">Aklat ng mga Panaghoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Ester" title="Aklat ni Ester">Aklat ni Ester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Daniel" title="Aklat ni Daniel">Aklat ni Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Esdras" title="Aklat ni Esdras">Aklat ni Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Nehemias" title="Aklat ni Nehemias">Aklat ni Nehemias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mga_Aklat_ng_mga_Kronika" title="Mga Aklat ng mga Kronika">Mga Aklat ng mga Kronika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterocanon">Deuterocanon</a>(Ikalawang Kanon) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Tobit" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ni Tobit">Aklat ni Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Judith" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ni Judith">Aklat ni Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Macabeo" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Macabeo">1 Macabeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Macabeo" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Macabeo">2 Macabeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karunungan_ni_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Karunungan ni Solomon">Karunungan ni Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirach" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Baruc" title="Aklat ni Baruc">Aklat ni Baruc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mga_Karagdagan_sa_Esther" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Karagdagan sa Esther">Mga Karagdagan sa Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mga_Karagdagan_sa_Daniel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Karagdagan sa Daniel">Mga Karagdagan sa Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awit_ng_Tatlong_Kabataan" title="Awit ng Tatlong Kabataan">Awit ng Tatlong Kabataan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Susana" title="Aklat ni Susana">Aklat ni Susana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_Bel_at_ang_Dragon" title="Si Bel at ang Dragon">Si Bel at ang Dragon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Kanon ng <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Ortodokso" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Ortodokso">Silangang Ortodokso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panalangin_ni_Manases" title="Panalangin ni Manases">Panalangin ni Manases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awit_151" class="mw-redirect" title="Awit 151">Awit 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Macabeo" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Macabeo">3 Macabeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Macabeo" class="mw-redirect" title="4 Macabeo">4 Macabeo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kanon ng <a href="/wiki/Simbahang_Etiopano" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Etiopano">Simbahang Etiopano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Enoch" title="Aklat ni Enoch">Aklat ni Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josippon" title="Josippon">Josippon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meqabyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meqabyan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Meqabyan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagong_Tipan" title="Bagong Tipan">Bagong Tipan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Mateo" title="Ebanghelyo ni Mateo">Mateo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Marcos" title="Ebanghelyo ni Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan">Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mga_Gawa_ng_mga_Alagad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Gawa ng mga Alagad">Mga Gawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulat_(aklat_sa_Bibliya)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulat (aklat sa Bibliya)">Mga Sulat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Pablo" title="Sulat ni Pablo">Mga Sulat ni Pablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Roma" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Roma">Mga Taga-Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unang_Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Corinto" title="Unang Sulat sa mga taga-Corinto">1 Mga Taga-Corinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Corinto" title="Ikalawang Sulat sa mga taga-Corinto">2 Mga Taga-Corinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Galacia" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Galacia">Mga Taga-Galacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Efeso" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Efeso">Mga Taga-Efeso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Filipos" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Filipos">Mga Taga-Filipos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Colosas" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Colosas">Mga Taga-Colosas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unang_Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Tesalonica" title="Unang Sulat sa mga taga-Tesalonica">1 Mga Taga-Tesalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Tesalonica" title="Ikalawang Sulat sa mga taga-Tesalonica">2 Mga Taga-Tesalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unang_Sulat_kay_Timoteo" title="Unang Sulat kay Timoteo">1 Timoteo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_kay_Timoteo" title="Ikalawang Sulat kay Timoteo">2 Timoteo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulat_kay_Tito" title="Sulat kay Tito">Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulat_kay_Filemon" title="Sulat kay Filemon">Filemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_Hebreo" title="Sulat sa mga Hebreo">Mga Hebreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Santiago" title="Sulat ni Santiago">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unang_Sulat_ni_Pedro" title="Unang Sulat ni Pedro">1 Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_ni_Pedro" title="Ikalawang Sulat ni Pedro">2 Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unang_Sulat_ni_Juan" title="Unang Sulat ni Juan">1 Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_ni_Juan" title="Ikalawang Sulat ni Juan">2 Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikatlong_Sulat_ni_Juan" title="Ikatlong Sulat ni Juan">3 Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Hudas" title="Sulat ni Hudas">Judas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Gutenberg_Bible.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gutenberg_Bible.jpg/260px-Gutenberg_Bible.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gutenberg_Bible.jpg/390px-Gutenberg_Bible.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gutenberg_Bible.jpg/520px-Gutenberg_Bible.jpg 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Larawan ng binuklat na Bíbliyang Gutenberg, na nasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aklatan_ng_Kongreso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aklatan ng Kongreso (hindi pa naisusulat)">Aklatan ng Kongreso</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>.</figcaption></figure> Ang Bibliya o Biblia<a href="#cite_note-Biblia-1">[1]</a> (ang huli ay mala-<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a> at maka-<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Griyego" title="Wikang Griyego">Griyegong</a> pagbabaybay) ay isang kalipunan ng mga kasulatang relihiyoso na ginagamit sa <a href="/wiki/Hudaismo" title="Hudaismo">Hudaismo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a>. Ang kanon ng Bibliya ay magkakaiba sa iba't ibang denominasyon. Sa <a href="/wiki/Hudaismo" title="Hudaismo">Hudaismo</a>, ito ay binubuo lámang ng 24 aklat ng <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> (tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Lumang_Tipan" title="Lumang Tipan">Lumang Tipan</a> sa Kristiyanismo) at hindi kabílang dito ang <a href="/wiki/Bagong_Tipan" title="Bagong Tipan">Bagong Tipan</a>. Para sa mga <a href="/wiki/Samaritanismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritanismo">Samaritano</a>, ang Bibliya ay binubuo lámang ng limang aklat ng <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> (Henesis, Eksodo, Lebitiko, Deuteronomyo at Bilang). Sa <a href="/wiki/Katolisismo" title="Katolisismo">Katolisismo</a>, ang Bibliya ay binubuo ng 73 aklat ng pinagsámang Lumang Tipan na may kasamang <a href="/wiki/Deuterokanoniko" title="Deuterokanoniko">Deuterokanoniko</a> o <a href="/wiki/Apokripa" title="Apokripa">Apokripa</a> sa katawagang <a href="/wiki/Protestante" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestante">Protestante</a> at Bagong Tipan. Sa <a href="/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo">Protestantismo</a>, ang Bibliya ay binubuo ng 66 na aklat ng Luma at Bagong Tipan liban sa Apokripa o Deuterokanoniko ng mga Katoliko. Sa <a href="/wiki/Etiopianong_Ortodokso" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiopianong Ortodokso">Etiopianong Ortodokso</a>, ang Bibliya ay binubuo ng 81 na aklat, habang ang may pinakamalaking kanon ang mga <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Ortodokso" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Ortodokso">Silangang Ortodokso</a>, na kumikilala ng 84 na aklat bilang bahagi ng Bibliya. Sa <a href="/wiki/Marcionismo" title="Marcionismo">Marcionismo</a> (isang sektang <a href="/wiki/Gnostisismo" title="Gnostisismo">Gnostiko</a>), 11 lámang ang aklat na itinuturing nilang Bibliya, at hindi kasama dito ang buong Lumang Tipan. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nilalaman">Nilalaman</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Nilalaman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Nilalaman">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Naglalaman ang Bíbliya ng mga salaysay na nauukol sa bansang <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> mula noong unang <a href="/wiki/Milenyo" title="Milenyo">milenyo</a> BCE hanggang sa panahon ni <a href="/wiki/Hesukristo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesukristo">Hesukristo</a> at ng mga <a href="/wiki/Labindalawang_Alagad" title="Labindalawang Alagad">Apostol</a> noong unang dantaon CE. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tanakh_o_Lumang_Tipán">Tanakh o Lumang Tipán</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tanakh o Lumang Tipán" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Tanakh o Lumang Tipán">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Isinasalaysay ng Tanakh (<a href="/wiki/Lumang_Tipan" title="Lumang Tipan">Lumang Tipán</a>) ang pagkakahirang ng <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">Diyós</a> na si <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> sa bansang <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> at ang kaniyang tipán dito na siya'y magiging matapat na Diyos kung susundin ng Israel nang tapat ang kaniyang <a href="/wiki/Sampung_Utos" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampung Utos">mga utos</a> na ipinahayag niya sa pamamagitan ng <a href="/wiki/Propeta" title="Propeta">propetang</a> si <a href="/wiki/Moises" title="Moises">Moises</a>. Kabilang sa tipang ito ang pagmamana ng Israel ng <a href="/wiki/Canaan" class="mw-disambig" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> o "<a href="/wiki/Lupang_Pangako" class="mw-redirect" title="Lupang Pangako">Lupang Pangako</a>" at ang proteksiyón at pagpapálà ni Yahweh kapalít ng pagsunód ng Israel sa kaniyang mga utos (Éxodo 6:4). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bagong_Tipan">Bagong Tipan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Bagong Tipan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bagong Tipan">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Nakasulat naman sa <a href="/wiki/Bagong_Tipan" title="Bagong Tipan">Bagong Tipan</a> ang búhay ni <a href="/wiki/Hesus" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> at ang <a href="/wiki/Mabuting_Balita" class="mw-redirect" title="Mabuting Balita">mabuting balita</a> ng kaligtasan para sa kanyang mga alagad. Si Hesus ay nagpakilala na tagagapagligtas sa pagwawakas ng mundo na magaganap noong unang siglo CE (Mateo 24:34, Marcos 13:30, Marcos 8:12, Marcos 8:38, Marcos 9:19, Lukas 21:32, Mateo 10:23). Ayon kay Hesus, siya ay maghaharì mulâ sa kaniyang trono ng kaluwalhatian kasama ang kaniyang mga Apostól upang humatol sa 12 lipì ng Israel (Mateo 19:28). Bukod dito, inangkin din ni Hesus ang pagiging isang anak ng diyos at <a href="/wiki/Mesiyas" title="Mesiyas">Mesiyas</a>, na naging sanhi ng pagkakahatol sa kaniya ng <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">sanhedrin</a> ng parusang kamatayan (Lukas 22:66-71, Juan 10:33).<a href="#cite_note-Biblia2-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagkakaiba_ng_Bagong_Tipán_sa_Lumang_Tipán">Pagkakaiba ng Bagong Tipán sa Lumang Tipán</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagkakaiba ng Bagong Tipán sa Lumang Tipán" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Pagkakaiba ng Bagong Tipán sa Lumang Tipán">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang Bagong Tipan ay naglalaman ng mga bagong kautusan at bagong <a href="/wiki/Teolohiya" title="Teolohiya">teolohiya</a> na iba sa Lumang Tipan. Halimbawa sa mga "<a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Pablo" title="Sulat ni Pablo">sulat ni Pablo</a>", ang mga kautusan ni Moises sa Lumang Tipan ay binuwag at pinawalang bisa pagdating ni Hesus dahil ayon kay Pablo, ang mga tao ay nasa ilalim na ng "biyaya" at hindi ng mga "gawa" (Gal 2:16, Col 2:13-14, 2 Cor 3:16-17, Heb 7:12, Gawa 13:39 at iba pa). Ang mga kontradiksiyon sa Luma at Bagong Tipan ay tinalakay ng kristiyanong si <a href="/wiki/Marcion" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcion">Marcion</a> (85–160 CE) sa kanyang aklat na "Anthithesis". Isa sa mga halimbawa ng kontradiksiyon sa Luma at Bagong Tipan na tinalakay ni Marcion, ang Exodo 21:24 "...paparusahan ang nakasakit: búhay din ang kabayaran sa búhay, mata sa mata, ngipin sa ngipin, kamay sa kamay, paa sa paa, sunog sa sunog, sugat sa sugat, galos sa galos" at Lukas 6:29,"kapag sinampal ka sa isang pisngì, iharap mo rin ang kabila. Kapag inagaw ang iyong balabal, huwag mong ipagkait ang iyong damit." <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pinagmulan_ng_salita">Pinagmulan ng salita</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pinagmulan ng salita" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Pinagmulan ng salita">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Nagmula ang salitang Bibliya ng Tagalog at ang Bible ng Ingles (Latin: Biblia) sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Griyego" title="Wikang Griyego">Griyegong</a> biblion, biblos, biblia na nangangahulugang "aklat" "mga aklat" o "mga maliliit na aklat." Ang salitang biblia ay hango rin mula sa Griyegong salita: biblos, na lumalarawan sa panloob na bahagi ng halamang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papirus (hindi pa naisusulat)">papirus</a>, isang sangkap sa paggawa ng sinaunang <a href="/wiki/Papel" title="Papel">papel</a>. May isang lugar sa <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a>, ang lungsod ng Gebal, na tinaguriang "Byblos" ng mga Griyego dahil kilala ang pook sa paggawa ng papel na papirus. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kayarian_at_paghahati">Kayarian at paghahati</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kayarian at paghahati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Kayarian at paghahati">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang Bibliya ay nahahati sa iba't ibang mga pangkat ng mga aklat depende sa sekta o relihiyong gumagamit nito. Para sa mga Hudyo, ang Bibliya ay binubuo lamang ng Tanakh (na tinatawag na Lumang Tipan sa Bibliyang Kristiyano). Hindi kasama sa Bibliya ng mga Hudyo ang Bagong Tipan at ang huwad na <a href="/wiki/Apokripa" title="Apokripa">Apokripa</a> o <a href="/wiki/Deuterokanoniko" title="Deuterokanoniko">Deuterokanoniko</a> ng Romano Katoliko at ng mga simbahang Ortodokso. Para sa mga Protestante at iba pang mga sekta, ang Bibliya sa panahon natin ngayon ay binubuo lamang ng Lumang Tipan at Bagong Tipan at hindi kasama ang huwad na <a href="/wiki/Apokripa" title="Apokripa">Apokripa</a> na pinaniniwalaan ng Romano Katoliko. Para sa Romano Katolisismo at mga simbahang Ortodokso, ang Bibliya ay binubuo ng Lumang Tipan na may pekeng dokumento na kinilala bilang <a href="/wiki/Deuterokanoniko" title="Deuterokanoniko">Deuterokanoniko</a>, at Bagong Tipan. Sa sinaunang panahon, ang mga tekstong Hebreo ay nahahati sa mga paragraph (parashot) na natutukoy ng dalawang mga letra ng alpabetong Hebreo. Ang Pe ay tumutukoy sa isang bukas na paragraph na nagsimula sa isang bagong linya samantalang ang Samekh ay tumutukoy sa isang saradong paragraph na nagsimula sa parehong linya pagkatapos ng isang maliit na espasyo. Ang pinakaunang mga alam na kopya ng <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Isaias" title="Aklat ni Isaias">Aklat ni Isaias</a> mula sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_eskrolyo_ng_Patay_na_Dagat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga eskrolyo ng Patay na Dagat (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga eskrolyo ng Patay na Dagat</a> ay gumamit ng dalawang mga letrang Hebreo para sa mga dibisyon nito ng paragraph bagaman ang mga ito ay kaunting iba mula sa mga dibisyon ng <a href="/wiki/Masoretiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretiko">Masoretiko</a>. Ang kasalukuyang dibisyon ng Bibliya sa mga kabanata o kapitulo at mga talata o bersikulo ay walang basehan sa anumang sinaunang tradisyong tekstuwal. Ang mga paghahating ito ay mga imbensyong midyebal. Ang mga ito ay kalaunang tinanggap ng mga Hudyo bilang mga reperensiyang teknikal sa loob ng tekstong Hebreo. Ang gayong mga reperensiyang teknikal ay naging mahalaga sa mga <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> ng panahong mediebal sa kontekstong historikal ng pakikipagtalo sa mga kapariang Kristiyano lalo na sa Huling Espanyang midyebal. Ang pinaka-unang umiiral na manuskrito ng Tanakh na may mga dibisyon ng kabanata ay may petsang mula sa 1330 at ang unang inilimbag na edisyon ay noong 1516. Si Stephen Langton (1150–1228) ang pinaniniwalaang unang naghati ng Bibliya sa mga kabanata. Ang unang naghati ng mga kabanata ng Bagong Tipan sa mga talata ay ang Italyanong Dominikanong iskolar ng Bibliya na si Santi Pagnini (1470–1541), bagaman ang kanyang sistema ay hindi kailanman malawakang tinanggap. Si Robert Estienne ay lumikha ng alternatibong pagbibigay bilang sa kanyang 1551 edisyon ng Griyegong Bagong Tipan na kanya ring ginamit sa publikasyong 1553 ng Bibliya sa Pranses. Ang sistema ng dibisyon ni Estienne ay malawakang tinanggap at ito ang sistemang matatagpuan sa halos lahat ng mga modernong bibliya. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_Salin">Mga Salin</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Salin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Mga Salin">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Mga_salin_ng_Bibliya" title="Mga salin ng Bibliya">Mga salin ng Bibliya</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tanakh_o_Lumang_Tipan">Tanakh o Lumang Tipan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tanakh o Lumang Tipan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Tanakh o Lumang Tipan">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Qumran.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Qumran.jpeg/200px-Qumran.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Qumran.jpeg/300px-Qumran.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Qumran.jpeg/400px-Qumran.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Isa sa mga kweba ng Qumran kung saan natuklasan ang <a href="/wiki/Mga_balumbon_ng_Dagat_na_Patay" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga balumbon ng Dagat na Patay">mga eskrolyo ng Patay na Dagat</a> (Dead Sea Scrolls) noong 1947-1956. Ang Dead Sea Scrolls ang pinakamatandang manuskrito ng Tanakh (Lumang Tipan) at Apokripa na isinulat mula 150 BCE hanggang 70 CE.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:TextsOT.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/TextsOT.PNG/350px-TextsOT.PNG" decoding="async" width="350" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/TextsOT.PNG/525px-TextsOT.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/TextsOT.PNG/700px-TextsOT.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1485" data-file-height="849" /></a><figcaption>Ang ugnayan ng iba't ibang sinaunang salin (manuskrito) ng Tanakh (Lumang Tipan). Halimbawa, ang salin ni Lucian ay resensiyon (pagbabago) ng saling <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> (LXX) na isinalin naman mula sa isang Hebreo na hindi umiiral. Ang Hebreong <a href="/wiki/Masoretiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretiko">Masoretiko</a> (MT) ay nagmula sa tekstong Hebreo na hindi na umiiral na mula din sa isang sinaunang tekstong Hebreo na hindi na rin umiiral</figcaption></figure> Ang mga aklat ng Tanakh o Lumang Tipan na Bibliya ng unang mga Cristiyano noong unang siglo ay orihinal na isinulat sa alpabetong Paleo-Hebreo. Bago matuklasan ang <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> sa kweba ng Qumran noong 1947 hanggang 1956, ang pinakamatandang pragmentaryong (hindi kumpleto) manuskrito ng Hebreo ang Nash Papyrus na isinulat mula 150 hanggang 110 BCE. Ang pinakamatandang kumpletong manuskrito ng Lumang Tipan (Tanakh) ay <a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a> (ika apat na siglo CE) na kinopya mula sa Griyegong Salin na <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>. Ang Septuagint ay isinalin sa Griyego mula Hebreo noong ikatlo hanggang ika isang siglo BCE. Sa mga panahong ito ang Israel ay nasa ilalim ng imperyong Griyego. Ang Septuagint ang pinagkuhanan ng sipi (quotes) ng Lumang Tipan ng mga may akda ng Bagong Tipan at ng mga "ama ng simbahan". Ang pinakamatandang kumpletong manuskrito naman ng Hebreo ay matatagpuan sa manuskritong <a href="/wiki/Masoretiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretiko">Masoretiko</a> (sinulat sa pagitan ng ikapito hanggang ika sampung siglo CE). Ang <a href="/wiki/Masoretiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretiko">Masoretiko</a> ang opisyal na bersiyon ng bibliya na ginagamit sa kasalukuyang <a href="/wiki/Rabinikong_Hudaismo" title="Rabinikong Hudaismo">Rabinikong Hudaismo</a>. Bukod dito, ang Masoretiko din ang basehan ng mga bagong salin ng Lumang Tipan ng Biblia. Ayon sa mga iskolar, ang orihinal na <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> ay nagbibigay ng salin ng sinaunang tekstong Hebreo na iba sa Hebreo ng <a href="/wiki/Masoretiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretiko">Masoretiko</a> at sa saling Latin na <a href="/wiki/Vulgata" title="Vulgata">Vulgata</a>. Ang pagkakaiba ng Septuagint sa Masoretiko ay nahuhulog sa apat na mga kategorya: pagkakaiba ng pinagkuhanang teksto, pagkakaiba sa interpretasyon, pagkakaiba sa salin ng mga ekspresyong idyomatiko, at pagkakaiba sa resensiyon o pagbabago at pagkakamali ng mga eskriba. Ang <a href="/wiki/Mga_balumbon_ng_Dagat_na_Patay" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga balumbon ng Dagat na Patay">mga eskrolyo ng Patay na Dagat</a> ang pinakamatandang manuskrito ng Tanakh na isinulat sa pagitan ng 150 BCE at 70 CE. Ang 60% ng Mga eskrolyo ng Patay na Dagat ay umaayon sa Masoretiko, 5% umaayon sa Septuagint, 5% umaayon sa <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a> at 10% ang hindi umaayon sa Masoretiko, Septuagint o Samaritan Pentateuch.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Bukod sa Tanakh, ang Dead Sea Scrolls ay naglalaman din ng apokripa o deuterokanoniko (para sa mga Romano Katoliko) at ibang pang manuskrito ng mga katuruan ng sektang nanirahan sa kweba ng Qumran. Ang Samaritan Pentateuch na isinulat sa alpabetong Samaritano ang bersiyong ginagamit sa relihiyong Samaritanismo. Ang pinakamatandang manuskrito ng Samaritan Pentateuch ay mula 1100 CE. Ang alpabetong Samaritano ay nagmula sa alpabetong Paleo-Hebreo na lenggwaheng ginamit sa pagsulat ng Tanakh. Sa mga dalawang libong instansiya kung saan ang Samaritan Pentateuch at Masoretiko ay magkaiba, ang Septuagint ay umaayon sa Samaritan Pentateuch. Ilan sa mga halimbawa ng pagkakaiba ng Samaritan Pentateuch at Masoretiko ang pagsamba sa Bundok Gerizim imbis na sa Bundok Ebal (Deut 27:4) at ang pagpapalit ng salitang "Elohim" (na nangangahulugang maraming diyos) sa anyong singular na "El" (Genesis 20:13; 31:53; 35:7; Exodo 22:8). Ayon sa mga iskolar, ang mga pagbabagong ito ay sanhi ng korupsiyon ng mga Samaritano sa Pentateuch o Torah (Genesis, Exodo, Levitico, Deuteronomyo, Bilang).<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bagong_Tipan_2">Bagong Tipan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Bagong Tipan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Bagong Tipan">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang mga aklat ng Bagong Tipan ay orihinal na isinulat sa Griego. Ang mga kauna unahang salin ng Bagong Tipan sa ibang lenggwahe ay kinabibilangan ng lumang Latin (ika 2 siglo CE), lumang Syriac (ika 4 hanggang ika 5 siglo CE), at Coptic (ikaapat na siglo CE). Isa pang salin sa Latin bukod sa "lumang Latin" ang <a href="/wiki/Vulgata" title="Vulgata">Vulgata</a> na isinalin ni Jerome (342–420 CE). Ang Peshitta na isinalin sa lenggwaheng Syriac ang bibliang ginagamit sa iglesiang Syriac. Ang <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a> ay naglalaman ng 22 sa 27 mga aklat ng Bagong Tipan at hindi kasama rito ang 2 at 3 Juan, 2 Pedro, Judas at Apocalipsis. Ang pinakamatandang pragmentaryong manuskrito ng Coptic (sinaunang lenggwahe sa Ehipto) ay nagmula sa ikaapat na siglo CE na binubuo ng mga teksto ng ebanghelyo. Ang saling Aleman na tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Luther_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Luther Bible">Luther Bible</a> ay isinalin ng "ama ng repormasyon" na si <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> noong 1534. Ang saling ito ay base sa <a href="/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a>. Ang Luther Bible ang kauna-unahang salin ng biblia na may hiwalay na seksyong tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Apokripa" title="Apokripa">Apokripa</a>. Ang mga aklat na hindi kasama sa tekstong <a href="/wiki/Masoretiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretiko">Masoretiko</a> ng Lumang Tipan ay inilipat ni Luther sa seksyong ito. Si Luther ay naghayag din ng pagdududa sa apat na aklat ng Bagong Tipan na <a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_Hebreo" title="Sulat sa mga Hebreo">Sulat sa mga Hebreo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Santiago" title="Sulat ni Santiago">Sulat ni Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulat ni Judas">Sulat ni Judas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a>. Ang apat na aklat na ito ay inilipat niya sa huli ng mga aklat ng Bagong Tipan. Ang pinakaunang salin ng Bagong Tipan sa lumang Ingles ay kinabibilangan ng bibliyang Tyndale (1539), Geneva (1560), Bishop (1568), Douay-Rheims (1582), <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> (1611). Ang mga saling ito ay base sa Griegong <a href="/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a>. Ang mga Bagong Salin naman sa Ingles gaya ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=NASB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASB (hindi pa naisusulat)">NASB</a> (1963) at <a href="/wiki/New_International_Version" title="New International Version">New International Version</a> o NIV (1973) ay base sa edisyong kritikal ng Griegong Bagong Tipan na "Novum Testamentum Graece" na resulta ng "kritisismong tekstwal". Ang <a href="/wiki/Novum_Testamentum_Graece" title="Novum Testamentum Graece">Novum Testamentum Graece</a> ang pinaniwalaan ng mga iskolar na pinakamalapit sa orihinal na Griego ng Bagong Tipan. Ang <a href="/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a> at <a href="/wiki/Novum_Testamentum_Graece" title="Novum Testamentum Graece">Novum Testamentum Graece</a> ay magkaiba sa 6,000 na instansiya ng Bagong Tipan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanon">Kanon</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kanon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Kanon">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Biblikal_na_Kanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblikal na Kanon">Biblikal na Kanon</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kanoninasyon_ng_Tanakh_o_Lumang_Tipan">Kanoninasyon ng Tanakh o Lumang Tipan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kanoninasyon ng Tanakh o Lumang Tipan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Kanoninasyon ng Tanakh o Lumang Tipan">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tanakh">Tanakh</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tanakh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Tanakh">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang <a href="/wiki/Hudaismong_Rabiniko" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudaismong Rabiniko">Hudaismong Rabiniko</a> ay kumikilala ng 24 aklat ng <a href="/wiki/Tekstong_Masoretiko" title="Tekstong Masoretiko">Tekstong Masoretiko</a> na karaniwang tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> o Bibliyang Hebreo bilang autoritatibo. Ang ebidensiya ay nagmumungkahi na ang proseso ng kanoninasyon ng Tanakh ay nangyari sa pagitan ng 200 BCE at 200 CE. Ang isang dating sikat na teorya ay ang Torah(<a href="/wiki/Genesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Genesis">Genesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exodo" class="mw-disambig" title="Exodo">Exodo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levitico" class="mw-redirect" title="Levitico">Levitico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomyo">Deuteronomyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_mga_Bilang" title="Aklat ng mga Bilang">Bilang</a>) ay isinama sa kanon noong 400 BCE, ang mga Propeta o Nevi'im (<a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Josue" title="Aklat ni Josue">Josue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_mga_Hukom" title="Aklat ng mga Hukom">Aklat ng mga Hukom</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Samuel">1</a> at <a href="/wiki/2_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Samuel">2 Samuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_Hari" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Hari">1</a> at <a href="/wiki/2_Hari" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Hari">2 Hari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Isaias" title="Aklat ni Isaias">Isaias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Jeremias" title="Aklat ni Jeremias">Jeremias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Ezekiel" title="Aklat ni Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Joel" title="Aklat ni Joel">Joel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Amos" title="Aklat ni Amos">Amos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Obadias" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ni Obadias">Obadias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Jonas" title="Aklat ni Jonas">Jonas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Mikas" title="Aklat ni Mikas">Mikas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Nahum" title="Aklat ni Nahum">Nahum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Habakuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ni Habakuk">Habakuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Sofonias" title="Aklat ni Sofonias">Sofonias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Hageo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ni Hageo">Hageo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Zacarias" title="Aklat ni Zacarias">Zacarias</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Malakias" title="Aklat ni Malakias">Malakias</a>) noong 200 BCE at ang mga Kasulatan o Ketuvim (<a href="/wiki/Mga_Salmo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Salmo">Awit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Job" title="Aklat ni Job">Job</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_mga_Kawikaan" title="Aklat ng mga Kawikaan">Kawikaan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Ruth" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ni Ruth">Ruth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awit_ni_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Awit ni Solomon">Awit ni Solomon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eclesiastes" title="Eclesiastes">Eclesiastes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_mga_Panaghoy" title="Aklat ng mga Panaghoy">Panaghoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Ester" title="Aklat ni Ester">Ester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Daniel" title="Aklat ni Daniel">Daniel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Esdras" title="Aklat ni Esdras">Esdras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Nehemias" title="Aklat ni Nehemias">Nehemias</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_Kronika" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Kronika">1</a> at <a href="/wiki/2_Kronika" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Kronika">2 Kronika</a>) noong 100 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> na marahil ay sa isang hipotetikal na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konseho_ng_Jamnia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konseho ng Jamnia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Konseho ng Jamnia</a>. Gayunpaman, ang pananaw na ito ay papalaking itinatakwil ng mga modernong iskolar. Ang <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> ang pangalan ng saling Griyego ng Tanakh na isinalin sa pagitan ng ikatlo hanggang unang siglo BCE sa Alexandria, Ehipto. Ayon kay Michael Barber, "Sa <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a> ay itinatag bilang kanonikal ngunit ang <a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a> ay lumilitaw na hindi pa depinitibong nakanonisa. Halimbawa, ang ilang mga edisyon ng Septuagint ay kinabiblangan ng 1–4 <a href="/wiki/Macabeo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Macabeo">Macabeo</a> o 151 Awit samantalang ang iba ay wala nito. Gayundin ay may mga dagdag sa <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Esther" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ni Esther">Aklat ni Esther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Jeremias" title="Aklat ni Jeremias">Aklat ni Jeremias</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Daniel" title="Aklat ni Daniel">Aklat ni Daniel</a> at <a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a> sa Septuagint. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lumang_Tipan_ng_Kristiyanismo">Lumang Tipan ng Kristiyanismo</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Lumang Tipan ng Kristiyanismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Lumang Tipan ng Kristiyanismo">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang mga Simbahang <a href="/wiki/Romano_Katoliko" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano Katoliko">Romano Katoliko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ortodoksong_Oriental" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortodoksong Oriental">Ortodoksong Oriental</a> at <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Ortodokso" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Ortodokso">Silangang Ortodokso</a> ay nagsama ng mga aklat na hindi isinama sa kanon ng <a href="/wiki/Hudaismo" title="Hudaismo">Hudaismo</a> at kalaunan ay hindi isinama ni <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> na tinawag na <a href="/wiki/Deuterokanonikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterokanonikal">deuterokanonikal</a> na mga aklat at itinuring na apokripa ng mga Protestante. Ang basehan ng pagsasama ng mga aklat na deuterokanonikal ng Katoliko at Ortodokso ay ang maagang saling Griyego ng Tanakh na <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> na ang pinakasiniping salin sa Griyegong Bagong Tipan ng mga siping Lumang Tipan. Ang 300 sa 350 mga sipi ng Bagong Tipan mula sa Lumang Tipan kabilang ang mga salita ni <a href="/wiki/Hesus" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> ay sinipi mula sa saling <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>. Ang ilang halimbawa ng mga inaangkin ng Katoliko na mga alusyon ng mga aklat <a href="/wiki/Deuterokanoniko" title="Deuterokanoniko">deuterokanoniko</a> sa Bagong Tipan ang Lucas 1:52(Sirach 10:14), Marcos 4:5,16-17(Sirach 40:15), Mateo 7:16,20(Sirach 27:6), Santiago 1:19(Sirach 5:11), Mateo 6:12(Sirach 28:2), Mateo 11:28(Sirach 51:28), Mateo 11:25(Tobit 7:18), Mateo 24:15(1 Macc. 1:54 at 2 Macc. 8:17), Marcos 9:48(Judith 16:17), Juan 1:3(Karunungan 9:1), Juan 3:13(Baruch 3:29), Juan 10:22(1 Macc. 4:59) at iba pa.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Ang <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Enoch" title="Aklat ni Enoch">Aklat ni Enoch</a> na hindi kasama sa kanon ng Katoliko ngunit kasama sa kanon ng <a href="/wiki/Simbahang_Etiopianong_Ortodoksong_Tewahedo" title="Simbahang Etiopianong Ortodoksong Tewahedo">Simbahang Etiopianong Ortodoksong Tewahedo</a> ay direktang sinipi sa <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulat ni Judas">Sulat ni Judas</a> 14-15. Binanggit ng mga manunulat na Kristiyano gaya nina Gelasius at Origen na ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asumpsiyon_ni_Moises&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asumpsiyon ni Moises (hindi pa naisusulat)">Asumpsiyon ni Moises</a> ang reperensiya ng <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulat ni Judas">Sulat ni Judas</a> 1:9. Ayon sa iskolar na si RH Charles, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Testamento_ng_mga_Patriarka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Testamento ng mga Patriarka (hindi pa naisusulat)">Testamento ng mga Patriarka</a> ay sinipi rin sa Bagong Tipan gaya ng 1 Tes 2:6(Levi 6:10), Roma 12:19(Gad 6:10), Roma 12:21(Benj. 6:3), 2 Corinto 12:10(Gad 5:7), Efeso 5:6(Naph. 3:1). Noong 382 CE, kinomisyon ni Papa <a href="/wiki/Damaso_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Damaso I">Damaso I</a> si <a href="/wiki/San_Heronimo" class="mw-redirect" title="San Heronimo">Heronimo</a> (ca. 347 CE-420 CE) na isalin ang Bibliya sa Latin na tinatawag na Vulgata. Ang mga pinakamaagang salin ni Heronimo ng Lumang Tipan ay batay sa mga rebisyon ni <a href="/wiki/Origen" class="mw-redirect" title="Origen">Origen</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> ngunit kalaunang direktang bumase sa orihinal na tekstong Hebreo na iba sa Septuagint sa maraming mga lugar. Ang kanyang desisyon na gumamit ng tekstong Hebreo sa halip na nakaraang isinaling Septuagint ay sumalungat sa payo ng karamihang ibang mga Kristiyano kabilang si <a href="/wiki/Augustino_ng_Hippo" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustino ng Hippo">Augustino ng Hippo</a> na naniwalang ang Septuagint ay kinasihan ng Diyos. Gayunpaman, ang mga modernong iskolar ay nagdududa sa aktuwal na kalidad ng kaalamang Hebreo ni Heronimo. Ang mga modernong iskolar ay naniniwalang ang Griyegong <a href="/wiki/Hexapla" title="Hexapla">Hexapla</a> ang pangunahing sanggunian para sa saling "Iuxta Hebraeos" ni Heronimo ng Lumang Tipan.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Itinakwil rin ni Jerome ang <a href="/wiki/Apokripa" title="Apokripa">apokripa</a>. Gayunpaman, ang kanyang mga pananaw ay hindi nanaig. Noong 393 CE sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Synod_ng_Hippo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synod ng Hippo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Synod ng Hippo</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> ay malamang na kinanonisa na malaking dahil sa impluwensiya ni Augustino.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Kalaunang kinumpirma sa Synod ng Carthage noong 397 CE ang aksyong kinuha sa Hippo na muli ay dahil sa malaking impluwensya ni Augustino. Ang mga konsehong ito ay nasa awtoridad ni Augustino na tumuring sa kanon na sarado na.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Ang kanon ni Augustino ng Lumang Tipan mula sa De doctrina christiana 2.13, circa 395 ang: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2106284">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Genesis, Exodo, Levitico, Bilang, Deuteronomio, Josue, Hukom, Ruth, 1–4 Mga Hari, 1–2 Kronika, Job, Tobit, Esther, Judith, 1–2 Macabeo, 1–2 Esdras, Awit, Kawikaan, Awit ni Solomon, Ecclesiastes, Karunungan, Sirach, Labindalawa, Isaias, Jeremias, Daniel, Ezekiel</blockquote> Inilipat ni <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> ang <a href="/wiki/Deuterokanonikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterokanonikal">deuterokanonikal</a> sa isang seksyong kanyang tinawag na <a href="/wiki/Apokripa" title="Apokripa">apokripa</a>. Sa De Canonicis Scripturis ng <a href="/wiki/Konseho_ng_Trent" class="mw-redirect" title="Konseho ng Trent">Konseho ng Trent</a> na pumasa sa isang boto (24 oo, 15 hindi, 16 nangilin) noong 1546, kinumpirma ng Konseho na ang mga aklat na <a href="/wiki/Deuterokanonikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterokanonikal">deuterokanonikal</a> ay kalebel ng ibang mga aklat ng kanon ng Lumang Tipan. Ang tinatanggap ng mga Protestante na mga kinasihang teksto ng Lumang Tipan ay ang nasa mga orihinal na teksto ng Hebreo at Aramaiko sa halip na ang saling Griyegong Septuagint. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kanoninasyon_ng_Bagong_Tipan">Kanoninasyon ng Bagong Tipan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kanoninasyon ng Bagong Tipan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Kanoninasyon ng Bagong Tipan">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang <a href="/wiki/Kanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a> ng Bagong Tipan ay nabuo sa maraming siglo. Sa pagitan ng 140 hanggang 220 CE, maraming sekta ng <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">kristiyanismo</a> na may iba-ibang konsepsiyon ng kalikasan at katuruan ng <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">Diyos</a> at ni <a href="/wiki/Hesus" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> ang lumitaw gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Gnostisismo" title="Gnostisismo">Gnostisismo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebionita" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebionita">Ebionita</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montanismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montanismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Montanismo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcionismo" title="Marcionismo">Marcionismo</a> at iba pa. Upang suportahan ang kanilang mga doktrina, ang mga sektang ito ay gumamit ng iba't ibang aklat na sa kanilang pinaniniwala ay mga "kinasihan ng Diyos". Ang mga aklat na ito ay pinasunog ng sektang <a href="/wiki/Proto-orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-orthodox">proto-orthodox</a> noong ika apat na siglo CE.<a href="#cite_note-gnostic-11">[11]</a> Ang mga naitagong manuskrito ng mga aklat na ito ay natuklasan sa <a href="/wiki/Aklatan_ng_Nag_Hammadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklatan ng Nag Hammadi">aklatan ng Nag Hammadi</a> sa Ehipto noong 1945. Sa pagitan nang 140 at 220 CE, ang parehong panloob at panlabas na mga pwersa ay nagtulak sa isang sekta ng Kristiyanismo na <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismong_proto-ortodokso" title="Kristiyanismong proto-ortodokso">Proto-ortodoksya</a> na magsimulang isistema ang mga doktrina at ang pananaw nito ng pahayag ng Diyos. Ang karamihan ng sistematisasyong ito ay sanhi ng pagtatanggol at pagsalungat laban sa iba't ibang mga umiiral na pananaw Kristiyano na katunggali ng sektang <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismong_proto-ortodokso" title="Kristiyanismong proto-ortodokso">Proto-ortodoksiya</a>. Si <a href="/wiki/Marcion_ng_Sinope" title="Marcion ng Sinope">Marcion ng Sinope</a> na isang obispong Kristiyano ng <a href="/wiki/Asya_menor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asya menor">Asya menor</a> na tumungo sa Roma at kalaunang itiniwalag ng kanyang mga kalabang Kristiyano para sa kanyang <a href="/wiki/Marcionismo" title="Marcionismo">mga pananaw</a> ang kauna-unahang Kristiyano na nagmungkahi ng isang depinitibo, eksklusibo, at isang kanon ng mga kasulatang Kristiyano na kanyang tinipon sa pagitan nang 130–140 CE.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Buong itinakwil ni Marcion ang teolohiya ng Lumang Tipan at itinuring ang <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">diyos</a> ng Lumang Tipan bilang isang mababang nilalang. Kanyang inangkin na ang teolohiya ng Lumang Tipan ay hindi umaayon sa katuruan ni <a href="/wiki/Hesus" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> tungkol sa <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">Diyos</a> at <a href="/wiki/Moralidad" title="Moralidad">moralidad</a>. Lumikha si Marcion ng isang pangkat ng mga aklat na kanyang itinuturing na buong autoritatibo na binubuo ng isang ibang bersiyon ng <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas">Ebanghelyo ni Lucas</a> at ang 10 sa mga <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Pablo" title="Sulat ni Pablo">sulat ni Pablo</a> (Hindi kasama ang <a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_Hebreo" title="Sulat sa mga Hebreo">Sulat sa mga Hebreo</a> at mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liham_na_Pastoral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liham na Pastoral (hindi pa naisusulat)">liham na Pastoral</a> na <a href="/wiki/1_Timoteo" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Timoteo">1 Timoteo</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_Timoteo" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Timoteo">2 Timoteo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sulat_kay_Tito" title="Sulat kay Tito">Tito</a>). Hindi matiyak kung kanyang binago ang mga aklat na ito, nilinis ito sa mga pananaw na hindi umaayon sa kanyang pananaw o kung ang kanyang mga bersiyon ay kumakatawan sa isang hiwalay na tradisyong tekstuwal.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Ang ebanghelyo ni Marcion na simpleng tinatawag na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebanghelyo_ni_Marcion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebanghelyo ni Marcion (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ebanghelyo ng Panginoon</a> ay iba sa <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas">Ebanghelyo ni Lucas</a> dahil sa kawalan ng anumang mga talata na nag-uugnay kay Hesus sa Lumang Tipan. Tinawag ni Marcion ang kanyang koleksiyon ng 10 mga <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Pablo" title="Sulat ni Pablo">sulat ni Pablo</a> na Apostolikon at iba rin sa mga bersyon ng kalaunang sektang proto-ortodokso. Ang pagtitipon ni Marcion ng kanyang sariling kanon ng Bibliya ay maaring isang hamon sa umaahon na sektang Kristiyano na proto-ortodoksiya. Kung nais nila na itangging ang kanon ni Marcion ang totoo, kinailangan nilang ilarawan kung ano ang totoo. Ang yugtong paglawig ng kanon ng Bagong Tipan ay kaya nagsimula bilang tugon sa iminungkahing limitadong kanon ni Marcion.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Noong ika-2 at ika-3 siglo CE, isinaad ni <a href="/wiki/Eusebius_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusebius of Caesarea">Eusebius</a> na ang sektang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elkasite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elkasite (hindi pa naisusulat)">Elchasai</a> "ay gumamit ng mga teksto mula sa bawat bahagi ng Lumang Tipan at mga Ebanghelyo at itinakwil nito nang buo si <a href="/wiki/Apostol_Pablo" title="Apostol Pablo">Apostol Pablo</a>". Isinaad din dito na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatian (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tatian ang Asiryo</a> ay tumakwil sa mga <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Pablo" title="Sulat ni Pablo">sulat ni Pablo</a>. Ang mga sektang Kristiyanong gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Nazareno_(sekta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazareno (sekta)">Nazareno</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ebionita" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebionita">Ebionita</a> at iba pa ay tumakwil sa lahat ng mga <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Pablo" title="Sulat ni Pablo">sulat ni Pablo</a>. Itinuring din ng mga <a href="/wiki/Ebionita" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebionita">Ebionita</a> si <a href="/wiki/Apostol_Pablo" title="Apostol Pablo">Apostol Pablo</a> na isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impostor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impostor (hindi pa naisusulat)">impostor</a>. Ang isang sekta ng Kristiyanismo noong ca. 170 CE na tinawag ng kanilang kalaban na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiphanius_ng_Salamis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epiphanius ng Salamis (hindi pa naisusulat)">Epiphanius ng Salamis</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alogi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alogi (hindi pa naisusulat)">alogi</a> ay tumakwil sa <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan">Ebanghelyo ni Juan</a> (at posibleng ang <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a> at mga sulat ni Juan) bilang hindi apostoliko at itinuro ng sektang ito ang <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan">ebanghelyo ni Juan</a> na isinulat ng <a href="/wiki/Gnostiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnostiko">gnostikong</a> si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerinthus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerinthus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cerinthus</a>. Si Cerinthus ay tumanggap lamang sa isang ebanghelyo na <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Mateo" title="Ebanghelyo ni Mateo">Ebanghelyo ni Mateo</a>. Ang isang apat na ebanghelyong kanon (Tetramorph) ay unang isinulong ni <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> noong c. 180 CE. Si Ireneaus rin ang kauna-unahang Kristiyano na nagbanggit ng apat na ebanghelyo sa mga pangalan na Mateo, Marcos, Lucas at Juan. Sa kanyang akdang Adversus Haereses, kinondena ni Irenaeus ang mga sinaunang pangkat na sekta ng <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a> na gumamit lamang ng isang ebanghelyo gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Marcionismo" title="Marcionismo">Marcionismo</a> (na gumamit lamang ng binagong <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas">Ebanghelyo ni Lucas</a>) o mga <a href="/wiki/Ebionita" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebionita">Ebionita</a> na tila gumamit ng isang bersiyong <a href="/wiki/Aramaiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaiko">Aramaiko</a> ng Ebanghelyo ni Mateo gayundin ang ilang mga pangkat na gumamit ng higit sa apat na mga ebanghelyo gaya ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentinianismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentinianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Valentinian</a> (A.H. 1.11). Ayon kay Irenaeus, "hindi posibleng may higit o kakaunti sa apat na ebanghelyo" dahil ang daigdig ay may apat na sulok at apat na hangin (3.11.8). Ang may akda ng <a href="/wiki/Pragmentong_Muratorian" title="Pragmentong Muratorian">Pragmentong Muratorian</a> na ipinagpapalagay na isinulat noong ca. 170 CE dahil sa pagbanggit sa Obispo ng Roma na si Papa <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADo_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pío I">Pío I</a> (bagaman ang ilan ay naniniwalang isinulat ito noong ika-4 <a href="/wiki/Siglo" class="mw-redirect" title="Siglo">siglo</a> CE) ay nagtala ng karamihan ng mga aklat ng kasalukuyang 27 aklat ng bagong tipan. Gayunpaman, hindi binanggit sa Pragmentong Muratorian ang <a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_Hebreo" title="Sulat sa mga Hebreo">Sulat sa mga Hebreo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unang_Sulat_ni_Pedro" title="Unang Sulat ni Pedro">Unang Sulat ni Pedro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_ni_Pedro" title="Ikalawang Sulat ni Pedro">Ikalawang Sulat ni Pedro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Santiago" title="Sulat ni Santiago">Sulat ni Santiago</a> at tumakwil sa mga liham na inangking isinulat ni <a href="/wiki/Apostol_Pablo" title="Apostol Pablo">Apostol Pablo</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Laodicea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Laodicea (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sulat sa mga taga-Laodicea</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Alexandriano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Alexandriano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sulat sa mga taga-Alexandriano</a> na isinaad ng pagramentong Muratorian na "pineke sa pangalan ni Pablo upang isulong ang heresiya ni Marcion." Ayon kay <a href="/wiki/Origen" class="mw-redirect" title="Origen">Origen</a>, si <a href="/wiki/Apostol_Pablo" title="Apostol Pablo">Apostol Pablo</a> ay "hindi labis na sumulat sa lahat ng mga iglesia na kanyang tinuruan; at kahit sa mga kanyang sinulatan, siya ay nagpadala ng ilang mga linya." Ang ilan sa mga kasamang "kinasihang kasulatan" para kay <a href="/wiki/Origen" class="mw-redirect" title="Origen">Origen</a> ang "<a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Barnabas" title="Sulat ni Barnabas">Sulat ni Barnabas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pastol_ni_Hermas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastol ni Hermas">Pastol ni Hermas</a> at <a href="/wiki/1_Clemente" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Clemente">1 Clemente</a>" ngunit ang mga aklat na ito ay inalis ni Eusebius.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Ang mga mga aklat na ito ay tinawag ni <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> na "<a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">antilegomena</a>" o mga tinutulang aklat. Kabilang din sa antilegomena ang <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Santiago" title="Sulat ni Santiago">Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulat ni Judas">Judas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_ni_Pedro" title="Ikalawang Sulat ni Pedro">2 Pedro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_ni_Juan" title="Ikalawang Sulat ni Juan">2</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ikatlong_Sulat_ni_Juan" title="Ikatlong Sulat ni Juan">3 Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Apocalipsis ni Juan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalipsis_ni_Pedro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apocalipsis ni Pedro (hindi pa naisusulat)">Apocalipsis ni Pedro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ayon_sa_mga_Hebreo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebanghelyo ayon sa mga Hebreo">Ebanghelyo ayon sa mga Hebreo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_Gawa_ni_Pablo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga Gawa ni Pablo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga Gawa ni Pablo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Si <a href="/wiki/Athanasius" class="mw-redirect" title="Athanasius">Athanasius</a> na obispo ng Alexandria ay nagbigay ng listahan ng eksaktong parehong mga aklat na naging 27 aklat na kanon ng Bagong Tipan noong 367 CE <a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> at kanyang ginamit ang salitang "kanonisado" (kanonizomena) tungkol sa mga ito.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Ang mga pagkakaiba ng mga pananaw sa mga talaan ng kanon ng Bagong Tipan ay hindi pinakitunguhan sa <a href="/wiki/Unang_Konseho_ng_Nicaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Konseho ng Nicaea">Unang Konseho ng Nicaea</a> (325 CE) o sa <a href="/wiki/Unang_Konseho_ng_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Konseho ng Constantinople">Unang Konseho ng Constantinople</a> (381 CE). Pinaniniwalaan ng ilan na sa direksyon ni <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1maso_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Dámaso I">Papa Damaso I</a> na Obispo ng Roma na ang kanon ng Katoliko ay itinakda sa Konseho ng Roma noong 382 CE. Gayunpaman, ang talaang Damasian (na isinaad na nagmula sa Konseho ng Roma) na isinama sa pseudepigrapikal na Decretum Gelasianum ay maaring hindi mula kay Damaso.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Si <a href="/wiki/Augustino_ng_Hippo" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustino ng Hippo">Augustino ng Hippo</a> ay naghayag na ang isa ay "magnanais ng mga tinatanggap ng lahat ng mga Simbahang Katoliko kesa sa mga na ang ilan sa kanila ay hindi tinatanggap". Isinaad ni Augustino na ang mga sumasalungat na simbahan ay dapat mas higitan sa timbang ng mga opinyon ng mas marami at mas matimbang na mga simbahan. Epektibong pinwersa ni Augustino (na tumuring sa kanon na sarado na) ang kanyang opinyon sa Simbahan sa pamamagitan ng pag-uutos ng tatlong mga synod tungkol sa kanonisidad: Ang synod ng Hippo (393 CE), synod ng Carthage (397 CE) at isa pa sa Carthage (419 CE). Ang kasulukuyang 27 aklat na kanon ng Bagong Tipan ng Romano Katoliko ay pinag tibay ng <a href="/wiki/Konseho_ng_Trent" class="mw-redirect" title="Konseho ng Trent">Konseho ng Trent</a> noong 1546.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Sa De Canonicis Scripturis ng <a href="/wiki/Konseho_ng_Trent" class="mw-redirect" title="Konseho ng Trent">Konseho ng Trent</a> na pumasa sa isang boto (24 oo, 15 hindi, 16 nangilin) noong 1546, kinumpirma ng Konseho na ang mga aklat na <a href="/wiki/Deuterokanonikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterokanonikal">deuterokanonikal</a> ay kalebel ng ibang mga aklat ng kanon ng Lumang Tipan. Winakasan rin ng konseho ang debate sa <a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">antilegomena</a> ng Bagong Tipan. Si <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> (1483–1546) ay nagtangka na alisin sa kanon ang <a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_Hebreo" title="Sulat sa mga Hebreo">Sulat sa mga Hebreo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Santiago" title="Sulat ni Santiago">Sulat ni Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulat ni Judas">Sulat ni Judas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a>. Gayunpaman, ito ay hindi pangkalahatang tinatanggap ng kanyang mga tagasunod. Ang mga aklat na ito ay nilagay sa huli ng <a href="/wiki/Bibliyang_Luther" title="Bibliyang Luther">Bibliyang Luther</a> hanggang sa kasalukuyan.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Ang 27 aklat na isinama sa kanon ng Bagong Tipan na tinatanggap ng mga pangkat Kristiyano gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Romano_Katoliko" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano Katoliko">Romano Katoliko</a> at <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Ortodokso" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Ortodokso">Silangang Ortodokso</a> ay ang sumusunod: <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Mateo" title="Ebanghelyo ni Mateo">Mateo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Marcos" title="Ebanghelyo ni Marcos">Marcos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas">Lucas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan">Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mga_Gawa_ng_mga_Alagad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Gawa ng mga Alagad">Gawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Roma" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Roma">Roma</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_Corinto" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Corinto">1</a> at <a href="/wiki/2_Corinto" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Corinto">2 Corinto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Galacia" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Galacia">Galacia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Efeso" title="Efeso">Efeso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Filipos" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Filipos">Filipos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Colosas" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Colosas">Colosas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1_Tesalonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 Tesalonia (hindi pa naisusulat)">1</a> at <a href="/wiki/2_Tesalonica" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Tesalonica">2 Tesalonica</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_Timoteo" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Timoteo">1</a> at <a href="/wiki/2_Timoteo" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Timoteo">2 Timoteo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_kay_Tito" title="Sulat kay Tito">Tito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_kay_Filemon" title="Sulat kay Filemon">Filemon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_Hebreo" title="Sulat sa mga Hebreo">Hebreo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Santiago" title="Sulat ni Santiago">Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unang_Sulat_ni_Pedro" title="Unang Sulat ni Pedro">1</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_ni_Pedro" title="Ikalawang Sulat ni Pedro">2 Pedro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unang_Sulat_ni_Juan" title="Unang Sulat ni Juan">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_ni_Juan" title="Ikalawang Sulat ni Juan">2</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ikatlong_Sulat_ni_Juan" title="Ikatlong Sulat ni Juan">3 Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulat ni Judas">Judas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Apocalipsis</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kanon_ng_iba't_ibang_denominasyon">Kanon ng iba't ibang denominasyon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kanon ng iba't ibang denominasyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Kanon ng iba't ibang denominasyon">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> May pagkakaiba ang bilang ng mga aklat at pagkakasunod ng mga ito sa <a href="/wiki/Kanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a> sa iba't ibang denominasyon. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sa_Hudaismo">Sa Hudaismo</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sa Hudaismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Sa Hudaismo">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Mesiyas" title="Mesiyas">Mesiyas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hudaismo" title="Hudaismo">Hudaismo</a></div> Sa <a href="/wiki/Hudaismo" title="Hudaismo">Hudaismo</a> ang kanon ay binubuo lamang ng 24 aklat ng Tanakh (o Lumang Tipan sa bibliang kristiyano). Hindi tinatanggap ng mga Hudyo ang "<a href="/wiki/Bagong_Tipan" title="Bagong Tipan">Bagong Tipan</a>" ng <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a> bilang "salita ng Diyos" at hindi sila naniniwala na si <a href="/wiki/Hesus" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> ang katuparan ng <a href="/wiki/Mesiyas" title="Mesiyas">Mesiyas</a> na binabanggit sa "Tanakh". Ayon sa mga iskolar na Hudyo, ang mga sinasabing hula na katuparan ni Hesus sa Bagong Tipan ay base sa maling salin at misinterpretasyon ng mga talata sa Tanakh.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sa_Samaritanismo">Sa Samaritanismo</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sa Samaritanismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Sa Samaritanismo">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Sa relihiyong Samaritanismo, ang kanon ay binubuo lamang ng limang aklat ng Torah na Genesis, Exodo, Levitico, Deuteronomyo, at Bilang. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sa_Marcionismo">Sa Marcionismo</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sa Marcionismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Sa Marcionismo">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang <a href="/wiki/Marcionismo" title="Marcionismo">Marcionismo</a> ay ikalawang siglong sekta ng <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a> na nagmula sa mga turo ni <a href="/wiki/Marcion_ng_Sinope" title="Marcion ng Sinope">Marcion ng Sinope</a> noong 144 CE. Ayon kay Marcion, ang diyos ng mga Hebreo sa Lumang tipan ay isang malupit na diyos at iba sa mapagpatawad na diyos ng Bagong Tipan. Sa dahilang ito, ang Lumang Tipan ay itinakwil ni Marcion. Ang kanon na tinanggap lamang sa <a href="/wiki/Marcionismo" title="Marcionismo">Marcionismo</a> ay binubuo ng 11 aklat: ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebanghelyo_ni_Marcion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebanghelyo ni Marcion (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ebanghelyo ni Marcion</a>(na binubuo ng sampung kapitulo ng <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lukas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lukas">Ebanghelyo ni Lukas</a> at binago ni Marcion at ang sampu sa mga <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Pablo" title="Sulat ni Pablo">sulat ni Pablo</a>(Roma, 1 at 2 Corinto, Galacia, Efeso, Filipos, Colosas, 1 at 2 Tesalonica). Ang ibang aklat ni Pablo gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Unang_Sulat_kay_Timoteo" title="Unang Sulat kay Timoteo">Unang Sulat kay Timoteo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_kay_Timoteo" title="Ikalawang Sulat kay Timoteo">Ikalawang Sulat kay Timoteo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sulat_kay_Tito" title="Sulat kay Tito">Sulat kay Tito</a> at ibang pang aklat ng <a href="/wiki/Bagong_Tipan" title="Bagong Tipan">Bagong Tipan</a> ay itinakwil sa Marcionismo.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sa_Katolisismo">Sa Katolisismo</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sa Katolisismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Sa Katolisismo">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang kanong katoliko ay binubuo ng 73 aklat. Sakop ng kanong Katoliko ang Lumang Tipan at ang Bagong Tipan sa kanilang sariling bersiyon ng kanon, pati na rin ang mga sumusunod na aklat na tinatawag na mga Deuterokanoniko o Apokripa (para sa mga Protestante): <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Tobias" title="Aklat ni Tobias">Tobít</a>,<a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Judit" title="Aklat ni Judit">Judith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Ester" title="Aklat ni Ester">Ester (Griyego)</a> (madalas pinapalitan ang Hebreo na bersiyon ng Ester sa Lumang Tipan, o kaya inihahalo ang mga nasa Griyegong salin sa nasa Hebreong manuskrito), <a href="/wiki/1_Macabeos" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Macabeos">1 Mga Macabeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_Macabeos" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Macabeos">2 Mga Macabeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karunungan_ni_Salom%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Karunungan ni Salomón">Karunungan ni Solomon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir%C3%A1cida" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirácida">Sirac</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sir%C3%A1cida" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirácida">Eclesiastico</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Baruc" title="Aklat ni Baruc">Baruc</a>. Ang Apokripa ay pinagtibay na kanonikal sa Konseho ng Trent noong 1546 bilang tugon sa pagtutol dito ng mga protestante noong repormasyon (1515–1648). Ang ilan sa mga doktrina ng katolisismo na sinusuportahan ng Apokripa at tinutulan ng mga Protestante ang purgatoryo (Tobit 12:12, 2 Macabeo 12:39-46), pamamagitan ng mga namatay na santo at mga anghel (2 Maccabeo 15:14, Tobit 12:12-15), pananalangin para sa mga patay (2 Macabeo 12:45-46) at iba pa na lihis sa tunay na Bibliyang kanon. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sa_Ortodoksiya">Sa Ortodoksiya</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sa Ortodoksiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Sa Ortodoksiya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Sa <a href="/wiki/Etiopianong_Ortodokso" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiopianong Ortodokso">Etiopianong Ortodokso</a>, ang bibliya ay binubuo ng 81 na aklat at sa <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Ortodokso" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Ortodokso">Silangang Ortodokso</a>, ang bibliya ay binubuo ng 84 na aklat. Sakop ng kanong Ortodokso ang lahat ng mga aklat ng bibliyang Katoliko kasama ang <a href="/wiki/3_Macabeo" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Macabeo">3 Macabeo</a>, Awit 151, <a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a>, 4 <a href="/wiki/Macabeo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Macabeo">Macabeo</a> at iba pa. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sa_Ortodoksong_Syriac">Sa Ortodoksong Syriac</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sa Ortodoksong Syriac" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Sa Ortodoksong Syriac">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang biblia ng <a href="/wiki/Simbahang_Ortodoksong_Syriac" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Ortodoksong Syriac">Simbahang Ortodoksong Syriac</a> na tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a> ay binubuo ng Lumang Tipan, Apokripa at Bagong Tipan. Kasama rin sa Lumang Tipan nito ang <a href="/wiki/Awit_151" class="mw-redirect" title="Awit 151">Awit 151</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Awit_152%E2%80%93155&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awit 152–155 (hindi pa naisusulat)">Awit 152–155</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=2_Baruch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2 Baruch (hindi pa naisusulat)">2 Baruch</a>. Hindi kasama sa Bagong Tipan ng Peshitta ang mga aklat na <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_ni_Pedro" title="Ikalawang Sulat ni Pedro">Ikalawang Sulat ni Pedro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_ni_Juan" title="Ikalawang Sulat ni Juan">Ikalawang Sulat ni Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikatlong_Sulat_ni_Juan" title="Ikatlong Sulat ni Juan">Ikatlong Sulat ni Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulat ni Judas">Sulat ni Judas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sa_Protestantismo">Sa Protestantismo</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sa Protestantismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Sa Protestantismo">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Sa Protestantismo, ang kanon ay binubuo ng 66 na aklat. Ang apokripa ng Katoliko ay hindi tinanggap ng mga Protestante. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pananaw_ng_mga_iskolar_at_arkeologo_tungkol_sa_Bibliya">Pananaw ng mga iskolar at arkeologo tungkol sa Bibliya</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pananaw ng mga iskolar at arkeologo tungkol sa Bibliya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Pananaw ng mga iskolar at arkeologo tungkol sa Bibliya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arkeolohiya">Arkeolohiya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Arkeolohiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Arkeolohiya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Arkeolohiya_ng_Bibliya" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkeolohiya ng Bibliya">Arkeolohiya ng Bibliya</a></div> Ayon sa mga arkeologo at iskolar, ang karamihan sa mga istoryang binabanggit sa Bibliya ay hindi nangyari. Ang mga salaysay o pangyayaring nilalarawan sa Bibliya gaya ng mga kuwento sa <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Genesis" title="Aklat ng Genesis">Aklat ng Genesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Exodo" title="Aklat ng Exodo">exodo o 'pag-alis' ng mga Israelita</a> mula sa Ehipto, ang <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Josue" title="Aklat ni Josue">pagsakop ng mga Israelita sa Canaan</a> at ang <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_mga_Hukom" title="Aklat ng mga Hukom">panahon ng mga Hukom</a> ay itinuturing ng mga arkeologo at iskolar na hindi historikal o hindi nangyari.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-finkelstein-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Ang isang malawak at makapangyarihang Kaharian ng Judah noong ika-10 siglo BCE na inilalarawan sa Bibliya ay hindi sinusuportahan ng ebidensiyang arkeolohikal. Sa partikular, ang Herusalem sa ika-10 siglo BCE na panahong inuugnay sa mga haring si David at Solomon ay hindi higit sa isang mahirap na baranggay.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Ang mga pagkakatuklas na arkeolohikal tungkol sa lipunan at kultura sa <a href="/wiki/Sinaunang_Malapit_na_Silangan" title="Sinaunang Malapit na Silangan">Sinaunang Malapit na Silangan</a> ay nagtuturo sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anakronismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anakronismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">anakronismo</a> sa Tanakh na nagmumungkahi na ang ilang mga salaysay ng Tanakh ay aktuwal na isinulat noong ca. ika-9 siglo BCE at ang karamihan ng mga salaysay ng Tanakh ay mula ika-7 siglo BCE hanggang ika-5 siglo BCE.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Ayon sa arkeologong Israeli na si <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Herzog" title="Ze'ev Herzog">Ze'ev Herzog</a>:<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2106284"><blockquote class="templatequote"> Ito ang nalaman ng mga arkeologo sa kanilang paghuhukay sa bansang Israel: Ang mga Israelita ay hindi kailanman tumuntong sa Ehipto, hindi naglakbay sa ilang, hindi sinakop ang lupain (ng Canaan), at hindi ito ibinigay sa 12 lipi ng Israel. Marahil, ang isa sa napakahirap lunukin ay ang pinagkaisang kaharian ni David at Solomon na sinasabi sa Biblia na makapangyarihan sa buong rehiyon (ng Canaan), ay isang maliit na tribong kaharian lamang. At ikagugulat ng marami na ang diyos ng Israel na si Yahweh ay may asawang babae at ang mga sinaunang Israelita ay tinanggap lamang ang monoteismo sa panahong humina na ang kaharian at hindi sa Bundok Sinai.</blockquote> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:GilgameshTablet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/GilgameshTablet.jpg/150px-GilgameshTablet.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/GilgameshTablet.jpg/225px-GilgameshTablet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/GilgameshTablet.jpg/300px-GilgameshTablet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption>Tableta ng <a href="/wiki/Epiko_ni_Gilgamesh" title="Epiko ni Gilgamesh">Epiko ni Gilgamesh</a> na pinaghanguan ng ilang mga kuwento sa Bibliya.</figcaption></figure> Ang karamihan sa mga istorya sa <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> ay hinango sa mas naunang isinulat na mga kasulatan at kuwentong mitholohikal ng ibang bansa at kultura sa <a href="/wiki/Sinaunang_Malapit_na_Silangan" title="Sinaunang Malapit na Silangan">Sinaunang Malapit na Silangan</a>. Kabilang sa mga mitolohiyang pinagkopyahan o nakaimpluwensiya sa Bibliya ang <a href="/wiki/Enuma_Elish" class="mw-redirect" title="Enuma Elish">Enuma Elish</a> na katulad ng sa Genesis 1 , ang "<a href="/wiki/Epiko_ni_Gilgamesh" title="Epiko ni Gilgamesh">Epiko ni Gilgamesh</a>" na katulad sa kuwento ng <a href="/wiki/Arko_ni_Noe" title="Arko ni Noe">Arko ni Noe</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> gayundin sa kuwento ni <a href="/wiki/Adan_at_Eba" title="Adan at Eba">Adan at Eba</a> sa hardin ng Eden. Ang istorya ni Esther (na protoganista ng "<a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Esther" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ni Esther">Aklat ni Esther</a>") ay pinaniwalaang nag ugat sa Babilonia, ang Eclesiastes 9:7-10 sa talumpati ni Sidhuri<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> at ang mga ilang kawikaan sa "<a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_mga_Kawikaan" title="Aklat ng mga Kawikaan">Aklat ng mga Kawikaan</a>" (Book of Proverbs) na sinasabing kinopya sa kasulatang Ehipsiyo na "<a href="/wiki/Katuruan_ni_Amenemope" title="Katuruan ni Amenemope">Katuruan ni Amenemope</a>"<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Eclesiastes" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ng Eclesiastes">Aklat ng Eclesiastes</a> 9:7-9 mula sa <a href="/wiki/Epiko_ni_Gilgamesh" title="Epiko ni Gilgamesh">Epiko ni Gilgamesh</a>. <a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Ayon sa <a href="/wiki/Ehipto" title="Ehipto">Ehipsiyong</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkeoloogo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkeoloogo (hindi pa naisusulat)">arkeoloogo</a> na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zahi_Hawaas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zahi Hawaas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Zahi Hawaas</a> tungkol sa <a href="/wiki/Exodo" class="mw-disambig" title="Exodo">Exodo</a> ng mga <a href="/wiki/Israelita" class="mw-redirect" title="Israelita">Israelita</a> mula sa <a href="/wiki/Ehipto" title="Ehipto">Ehipto</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2106284"><blockquote class="templatequote">Sa totoo lang, ito ay isang mito(hindi totoo), Kung magalit sila, wala akong pake, Ito ang aking trabaho bilang isang <a href="/wiki/Arkeologo" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkeologo">arkeologo</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinagmulan_ng_monoteismo_sa_Israel">Pinagmulan ng monoteismo sa Israel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pinagmulan ng monoteismo sa Israel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Pinagmulan ng monoteismo sa Israel">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang politeismo ng mga <a href="/wiki/Sinaunang_Israelita" title="Sinaunang Israelita">Sinaunang Israelita</a> ay nag-uugat mula mga politeistikong relihiyon ng <a href="/wiki/Sinaunang_Malapit_na_Silangan" title="Sinaunang Malapit na Silangan">Sinaunang Malapit na Silangan</a> at narereplekta sa mga ilang aklat ng Tanakh gaya ng paggamit ng salitang Hebreo na 'elohîm na anyong plural ng Eloah na anyo ng El na isang pangkalahatang salita para sa <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">diyos</a> sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinaunang_relihiyong_Semitiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinaunang relihiyong Semitiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sinaunang relihiyong Semitiko</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Ayon sa mga iskolar, si <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> ay kinikilala sa Canaan na isa sa pitumpung (70) mga anak ng diyos na si "El" o "Elyon".<a href="#cite_note-ref1-42">[42]</a> Sa Canaan (kasama rito ang mga bansang Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Syria at iba pa), si El ay kinikilalang punong diyos at asawa ng diyosang si "<a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a>". Ito'y makikita sa mga tabletang nahukay sa siyudad ng "<a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a>" sa Syria noong 1929 hanggang 1939.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Ang pitumpung anak ni El ay mga patrong diyos ng bawat pitumpung bansa sa rehiyon ng Canaan. Sa <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomio" title="Deuteronomio">Deuteronomio</a> 32:8-9 ng Dead Sea Scrolls o 4QDeut4(na pinakamatandang manuskrito ng Tanakh), mababasa na hinati ng diyos na si Elyon ang mga bansa ayon sa bilang ng mga anak ng diyos. Ang bansang Israel (Jacob) ay naging bahagi naman ng diyos na si Yahweh.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Ayon sa mga iskolar, ang beney ha elohim(mga anak ng mga diyos) sa Deut. 32:8-9 ay salitang Semitiko na tumutukoy sa mga mababang diyos sa kapisanan ng mga diyos (divine pantheon) sa Canaan<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>(tignan din ang Awit 82:1-8 kung saan ang punong diyos (Elyon) ay namumuno sa kapulungan ng mga diyos). Ang salitang <a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a> (mga diyos) na anyong plural ng singular na <a href="/wiki/El_(diyos)" title="El (diyos)">El (diyos)</a> ay matatagpuan ng 2500 beses sa Tanakh (Lumang Tipan). Bagama't ang Elohim ay may konstruksiyong singular sa ilang mga talata ng Tanakh (kung ang <a href="/wiki/Pandiwa" title="Pandiwa">pandiwa</a> o <a href="/wiki/Pang-uri" title="Pang-uri">pang-uri</a> na tumutukoy dito ay singular), may ilang mga eksepsiyon na ang "Elohim" ay nangangahulugang "maraming diyos". Halimbawa, sa Genesis 20:13, 35:7, 2 1 Samuel 7:23, Awit 58:11, at ang pangalan ng "Buhay na Diyos" sa Deuteronomio 5:26, ang "Elohim" ay nasa anyong plural dahil sa ito ay tinutukoy ng plural na pang-uri na אלהים חיים . Sa <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> at sa mga bagong salin ng Lumang Tipan mula sa Hebreo, ang salitang "Elohim" ay isinalin na "mga diyos" kapag tinutukoy ng plural na pandiwa at kapag ito ay tumutukoy sa "mga diyos na pagano" (halimbawa sa Exo 12:12 na "mga diyos (Elohim) ng Ehipto") ngunit ito ay pinalitan ng singular na "diyos" (theos sa Septuagint) kung tumutukoy sa diyos ng Israel kahit na ang kahulugan ay maliwanag na "mga diyos". <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2106284"><blockquote class="templatequote">Nang hatiin ni Elyon ang mga bansa, nang kanyang ihiwalay ang mga anak ni Adan kanyang itinakda ang mga hangganan ng mga bansa ayon sa bilang ng mga anak ng mga diyos. Ang bahagi ni Yahweh ang kanyang bayan, si Jacob (Israel) ang kanyang (Yahweh) bahaging mana.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Salin ng <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomio" title="Deuteronomio">Deuteronomio</a> 32:8-9 ng <a href="/wiki/Mga_skrolyo_ng_Patay_na_Dagat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga skrolyo ng Patay na Dagat">Mga skrolyo ng Patay na Dagat</a> (4QDeut4)<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Sa pagitan ng ikawalo hanggang ikaanim na siglo BCE, si El ay nagsimulang ituring na mga Israelita na siyang ring si Yahweh o "Yaweh-El" na asawa ni "<a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a>".<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Ang ibang mga diyos ng ibang bansa ay tinuring ng mga Israelita na mga manipestasyon lamang ni Yahweh-El. Ito ay makikita sa mga artipaktong nahukay sa bansang Israel sa panahong ito na nagpapakitang si Yahweh ay may asawa na nagngangalang "Asherah". Bukod dito, ang pagpapalit ng beney ha elohim(mga anak ng mga diyos) sa ibang manuskrito gaya ng Masoretico, ng "mga anak ni Israel" gayundin sa <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> na pinalitan ng "mga anghel ng diyos" ang indikasyon na ang diyos na si Elyon at Yahweh ay naging isang diyos. Sa bagong salin ng biblia na <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Revised_Standard_Version&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The New Revised Standard Version (hindi pa naisusulat)">The New Revised Standard Version</a> (NRSV)(1989), ang Deut 32:8 ay isinalin na "according to the number of the gods" (ayon sa bilang ng mga diyos). Sa panahong ito, ang mga ebidensiyang arkeolohiyal ay nagpapakita ng mga tensiyon sa pagitan ng pangkat na komportable sa pagsamba kay <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> kasama ng mga lokal na <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">diyos</a> gaya nina <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ba%27al" class="mw-disambig" title="Ba'al">Ba'al</a> at sa mga sumasamba "lamang" kay Yahweh.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Sa mga panahong ding ito nagsimulang lumitaw sa Bibliya ang monoteismo o ang paniniwalang si Yahweh "lamang" ang Diyos ng <a href="/wiki/Uniberso" title="Uniberso">uniberso</a>. Halimbawa sa ika pitong siglo BCE, isinulat ang mga pahayag na monoteistiko sa Bibliya : <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomio" title="Deuteronomio">Deuteronomio</a> 4:35, 39, <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Samuel">1 Samuel</a> 2:2, 2 Samuel 7:22, <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Mga_Hari" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ng Mga Hari">2 Hari</a> 19:15, 19 (= <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Isaias" title="Aklat ni Isaias">Aklat ni Isaias</a> 37:16, 20), at <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Jeremias" title="Aklat ni Jeremias">Aklat ni Jeremias</a> 16:19, 20 at ang ikaanim na siglong bahagi ng Isaias 43:10–11, 44:6, 8, 45:5–7, 14, 18, 21, and 46:9.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Dahil sa ang mga talatang ito ay nakaugnay sa <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomio" title="Deuteronomio">Deuteronomio</a>, ang kasaysayang Deutoronomistiko (ito'y mga librong mula sa "<a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Josue" title="Aklat ni Josue">Aklat ni Josue</a>" hanggang sa "<a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Mga_Hari" class="mw-redirect" title="Aklat ng Mga Hari">Aklat ng Mga Hari</a>"), sinasabi ng mga iskolar na ang isang kilusang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deuteronomistiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deuteronomistiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Deuteronomistiko</a> ang bumuo sa ideyang monoteismo sa Israel noong mga panahong ito.<a href="#cite_note-Mark_S_2001-57">[57]</a> Isa sa mga dahilan ng pagusbong ng monoteismo sa Israel ay ang pagakyat sa kapangyarihan ng mga imperyong Assiria at Babilonia sa mga panahong ito. Para sa mga Israelita ang kanilang diyos ay kasing kapangyarihan ng mga patrong diyos ng ibang bansa.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Ngunit dahil sa pagsakop ng <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Neo-Asirya" title="Imperyong Neo-Asirya">Imperyong Neo-Asirya</a> sa hilagang <a href="/wiki/Kaharian_ng_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kaharian ng Israel (Samaria)">kaharian ng Israel (Samaria)</a> noong 723-720 BCE at <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Neo-Babilonya" title="Imperyong Neo-Babilonya">Imperyong Neo-Babilonya</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Kaharian_ng_Juda" title="Kaharian ng Juda">Kaharian ng Juda</a> noong 587/586 BCE, inakala ng mga taga-<a href="/wiki/Judah" class="mw-redirect" title="Judah">Judahna</a> mas makapangyarihan ang pambansang Diyos ng Asirya na si <a href="/wiki/Ashur" title="Ashur">Ashur</a> at pambansang Diyos ng Babilonya na si <a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a>. Sa mga panahong ito, ang kilusang monoteistiko (Deuteronomistiko) ay nagsimulang mangatwiran na ang pagsakop ng Assiria sa Israel ay hindi nangangahulugang ang diyos ng Judah ay mas mahina kay "Marduk" na siyang diyos ng Babilonya kundi ipinahintulot ni <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> na parusahan ng Asirya ang Israel at ng Babilonya ang <a href="/wiki/Judah" class="mw-redirect" title="Judah">Judah</a> upang dalisayin ang bansang Israel at Judah dahil sa kanilang politeismo.<a href="#cite_note-Mark_S_2001-57">[57]</a> Ang modernong analysis na literaryo ng Tanakh ay nagmumungkahi na sa panahong ito nang binago ang mga pinagkunang isinulat at pambibig upang ipaliwanag ang pagkakatapon ng mga Israelita bilang parusa ng diyos dahil sa pagsamba sa ibang mga diyos.<a href="#cite_note-jvl-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Si Yahweh ay ginawa rin ng mga may akda ng <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> na hindi lamang ang pang-tribong diyos ng bansang <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> kundi pati ng buong mundo.<a href="#cite_note-Mark_S_2001-57">[57]</a> Iminungkahi na ang striktong monoteismo ay umunlad sa pagkakatapong ito ng mga Israelita sa Babilonia at marahil ay bilang reaksiyon sa <a href="/wiki/Dualismo" title="Dualismo">dualismo</a> o quasi-monoteismo ng Zoroastrianismo ng mga Persian.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-je-62">[62]</a> Ang Judah ay naging probinsiya ng <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Persiyano" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperyong Persiyano">Imperyong Persiyano</a> bilang <a href="/wiki/Yehud_Medinata" title="Yehud Medinata">Yehud Medinata</a> sa loob ng 203 taon pagkatapos sakupin ng Persiya ang Babilonya noong 539 BCE. Ang mga iskolar ay naniniwala na ang Hudaismo ay naimpluwensiyahan ng relihiyong <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianismo" title="Zoroastrianismo">Zoroastrianismo</a><a href="#cite_note-jvl-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-je-62">[62]</a> ng Persia sa mga pananaw ng <a href="/wiki/Anghel" title="Anghel">anghel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demonyo" title="Demonyo">demonyo</a>, malamang ay sa doktrina ng muling pagkabuhay gayundin sa mga ideyang <a href="/wiki/Eskatolohiya" title="Eskatolohiya">eskatolohikal</a> at sa ideya ng <a href="/wiki/Mesiyas" title="Mesiyas">mesiyas</a> o tagapagligtas ng mesiyanismong Zoroastriano.<a href="#cite_note-jvl-59">[59]</a> Ang ibang iskolar ay naniniwala na si <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> ay isang pang-tribong <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">diyos</a> na sinamba sa timog ng Canaan (Edom, Moab at Midian) mula 14 siglo BCE at ang kulto ni Yahweh ay naipasa sa hilaga ng Canaan sa pamamagitan ng mga Cineo (Kenite). Ang hipotesis na ito ay iminungkahi ni Cornelius Tiele noong 1872. Ayon din sa ilan na naniniwala sa hipotesis na ito, si Yahweh ang diyos ni Jethro (biyenan ni Moises) na isang Cineo ayon sa Hukom 1:16 at mula kay Jethro naipasa ni <a href="/wiki/Moises" title="Moises">Moises</a> ang kulto ni Yahweh sa mga Israelita. Gayunpaman, si Moises ay hindi tinatanggap na historikal ng mga kasalukuyang iskolar.<a href="#cite_note-finkelstein-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kristiyanismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Kristiyanismo">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Tingnan din: <a href="/wiki/Mga_eskrolyo_ng_Dagat_na_Patay" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga eskrolyo ng Dagat na Patay">Mga eskrolyo ng Dagat na Patay</a></div> Ayon sa mga iskolar, ang mga katuruan ng kristiyanismo ay karaniwang matatagpuan sa iba't iba't mga sekta ng <a href="/wiki/Hudaismo" title="Hudaismo">Hudaismo</a> na umiral mula unang siglo BCE hanggang unang siglo CE. Kabilang dito ang paghihintay sa isang <a href="/wiki/Mesiyas" title="Mesiyas">mesiyas</a> o tagapagligtas<a href="#cite_note-NatGeo-63">[63]</a>, ang paniniwalang apokaliptiko, pagpapanumbalik ng Kaharian ng mga Hudyo at iba pa<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> ay matatagpuan din sa mga pantikan na isinulat noong mga panahong ito sa Israel gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Enoch" title="Aklat ni Enoch">Aklat ni Enoch</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalipsis_ni_Abraham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apocalipsis ni Abraham (hindi pa naisusulat)">Apocalipsis ni Abraham</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalipsis_ni_Adan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apocalipsis ni Adan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Apocalipsis ni Adan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mga_balumbon_ng_Dagat_na_Patay" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga balumbon ng Dagat na Patay">mga eskrolyo ng Patay na Dagat</a> at marami pang iba. Ang sektang <a href="/wiki/Fariseo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fariseo">Fariseo</a> (sa anyo ng <a href="/wiki/Rabinikong_Hudaismo" title="Rabinikong Hudaismo">Rabinikong Hudaismo</a>) ang tanging sekta ng Hudaismo na nakapagpatuloy hanggang sa kasalukuyang panahon pagkatapos ng pagkakawasak ng Herusalem noong 70 CE samantalang ang ibang mga sekta ng Hudaismo ng unang siglo CE ay naglaho. Ang Kristiyanismo ay nakapagpatuloy sa pamamagitan ng pakikipaghiwalay sa Hudaismo at pagiging isang hiwalay na relihiyon. Naniniwala ang ilang mga iskolar na wala pang dalawang magkahiwalay na relihiyong Hudaismo at Kristiyanismo noong unang siglo CE.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Ang ilang mga sinaunang pangkat Kristiyano ay strikong mga Hudyo gaya ng mga <a href="/wiki/Ebionita" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebionita">Ebionita</a> gayundin ang mga sinaunang pinuno ng Iglesia sa Herusalem na sama samang tinatawag na mga <a href="/wiki/Hudyong_Kristiyano" title="Hudyong Kristiyano">Hudyong Kristiyano</a>. Ang ilang historyan ay nagmungkahi na si Hesus ay lumikha ng katiyakan sa kanyang mga alagadang muling pagkabuhay at ang nalalapit na pagdating ng Kaharian ng Diyos. Pagkatapos ng ilang mga taon, ang inaasahan ng mga Hudyong pagpapanumbalik ng Kaharian ay nabigo.<a href="#cite_note-Paula_Fredricksen_pp._133-134-66">[66]</a> Gayunpaman, ang ilang mga Kristiyano ay naniwala na imbis na si Hesus ang <a href="/wiki/Mesiyas" title="Mesiyas">mesiyas</a> na inaasahan ng mga Hudyo, siya ay isang diyos na nagkatawang tao. Ang saligan ng bagong interpretasyong ito ng muling pagkabuhay ni Hesus ay matatagpuan sa mga <a href="/wiki/Sulat_ni_Pablo" title="Sulat ni Pablo">sulat ni Pablo</a> at sa <a href="/wiki/Mga_Gawa_ng_mga_Apostol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Gawa ng mga Apostol">Mga Gawa ng mga Apostol</a> (Gawa 1:6-8). Ang mga Hudyo ay naniniwala na si <a href="/wiki/Apostol_Pablo" title="Apostol Pablo">Apostol Pablo</a> ang tagapagtatag ng Kristiyanismo at ang responsable sa pakikipaghiwalay ng Kristiyanismo sa Hudaismo. Hinikayat ni Pablo ang mga pinuno ng Iglesia sa Herusalem na payagan ang mga akay na <a href="/wiki/Hentil" title="Hentil">hentil</a> na hindi gawin ang karamihan ng mga Kautusan na Hudyo sa <a href="/wiki/Konseho_ng_Herusalem" title="Konseho ng Herusalem">Konseho ng Herusalem</a> (Gawa 15). Ayon sa ibang iskolar, <a href="/wiki/Teoriyang_mito_si_Hesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoriyang mito si Hesus">si Hesus ay isang mitolohiya lamang</a> at ang kanyang istorya sa Bagong Tipan ay kinopya lamang sa iba't ibang istorya ng mga diyos na pagano na namatay at muling nabuhay sa <a href="/wiki/Sinaunang_Gresya" title="Sinaunang Gresya">Sinaunang Gresya</a> at Ehipto.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-PriceFreeInquiry-68">[68]</a> Ang parehong sinaunang <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a> at sinaunang <a href="/wiki/Rabinikong_Hudaismo" title="Rabinikong Hudaismo">Rabinikong Hudaismo</a> ay malaking naimpluwensiyahan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relihiyong_Helenistiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relihiyong Helenistiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">relihiyong Helenistiko</a>. Sa partikular, namana ng Kristiyanismo ang maraming mga katangian ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paganismong_Greko-Romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paganismong Greko-Romano (hindi pa naisusulat)">paganismong Greko-Romano</a> sa istruktura, terminolohiya, kulto at teolohiya. Ang mga pamagat gaya ng Pontifex Maximus, Sol Invictus ay direktang kinuha mula sa <a href="/wiki/Relihiyong_Romano" class="mw-redirect" title="Relihiyong Romano">relihiyong Romano</a>. Ang impluwensiya ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoplatonismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neoplatonismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">neoplatonismo</a> sa teolohiya ng Kristiyanismo ay malaki, halimbawa sa pagtukoy ni Augustino ng <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">diyos</a> bilang summum bonum at ang masama bilang privatio boni. Ang mga kapansin pansing pagkakatugma sa salaysay ng buhay ni <a href="/wiki/Hesus" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> at ang mga <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">diyos</a> na klasikal gaya ng mga <a href="/wiki/Demigod" class="mw-redirect" title="Demigod">demigod</a> o kalahating-diyos (na anak ng diyos at tao) gaya nina <a href="/wiki/Bacchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacchus">Bacchus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bellerophon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bellerophon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bellerophon</a> o Perseus ay napansin ng mga ama ng simbahan at tinakalay ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Justyn_Martyr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justyn Martyr (hindi pa naisusulat)">Justyn Martyr</a> noong ika-2 siglo CE ukol sa "panggagaya ng demonyo" kay Kristo.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kritisismong_tekstuwal">Kritisismong tekstuwal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kritisismong tekstuwal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Kritisismong tekstuwal">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Kritisismong_tekstuwal" title="Kritisismong tekstuwal">Kritisismong tekstuwal</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Codex_Sinaiticus_Matthew_6,4-32.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Codex_Sinaiticus_Matthew_6%2C4-32.JPG/220px-Codex_Sinaiticus_Matthew_6%2C4-32.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Codex_Sinaiticus_Matthew_6%2C4-32.JPG/330px-Codex_Sinaiticus_Matthew_6%2C4-32.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Codex_Sinaiticus_Matthew_6%2C4-32.JPG/440px-Codex_Sinaiticus_Matthew_6%2C4-32.JPG 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption>Ang Codex Sinaiticus na sinulat noong ika-apat ng siglo CE ang pinakamatandang kumpletong manuskrito ng Luma (na saling Septuagint) at Bagong Tipan. Kabilang sa Bagong Tipan ng Codex Sinaiticus ang Sulat ni Barnabas at Pastol ni Hermas. Kabilang sa Lumang Tipan ng Codex Sinaiticus ang mga aklat ng apokripa o deuterokanoniko na 2 Esdras, Tobit, Judith, 1 & 4 Maccabees, Karunungan at Sirac</figcaption></figure> Dahil sa hindi na umiiral ang mga "orihinal na manuskrito" (sulat kamay) ng biblia at ang mga kopya ng kopya ng orihinal na manuskritong ito ay hindi magkakatugma, ang <a href="/wiki/Kritisismong_tekstuwal" title="Kritisismong tekstuwal">kritisismong tekstuwal</a> ay lumalayon na alamin ang orihinal o ang pinakamalapit na teksto ng orihinal na manuskrito. Ang ilang halimbawa ng mga tekstong sinasabi ng mga iskolar na mga "interpolasyon" (dagdag) o hindi bahagi ng orihinal na manuskrito ay Juan 7:53-8:11, 1 Juan 5:7-9, Markos 16:9-20 na idinagdag lang sa ikalawang siglo CE<a href="#cite_note-May_Metzger_Mark-70">[70]</a> gayundin ang mga salaysay ng kapanganakan at pagkasanggol ni Hesus na huli ng idinagdag sa mga teksto.<a href="#cite_note-ActJBirth-71">[71]</a> Ayon pa sa mga iskolar, ang Lukas at Mateo ay orihinal na isinulat na hindi kasama ang unang dalawang kapitulo ng mga aklat na mga ito.<a href="#cite_note-ActJBirth-71">[71]</a> Ang ilan sa mga talatang ito ay inalis sa mga bagong salin ng Biblia gaya ng NIV at Magandang Balita ngunit kasama sa mga lumang salin gaya ng King James Version (1611). Ang 5,800 manuskritong Griego ng Bagong Tipan ay hinati sa tatlong pangkat ng magkakatugmang uri ng teksto (text-type): Ang Alexandrian, Western at Byzantine.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Ang Alexandrian na binubuo ng pinagkalumang teksto ng Bagong Tipan (mula ikalawa hanggang ikaapat ng siglo) ang siyang naging basehan ng edisyong kritikal na "Novum Testamentum Graece" na naging basehan ng mga bagong salin ng Biblia tulad ng NIV, NASB at Magandang Balita Biblia (Good News Bible) samantalang ang Byzantine, na bumubuo ng 80% ng manuskrito ng Bagong Tipan at siyang pinakabagong teksto (ika 5 hanggang 15 siglo CE) ang siya namang naging basehan ng Textus Receptus na naging basehan ng mga saling gaya ng King James Version na isinalin mula 1604-1611. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kritisismong_historikal">Kritisismong historikal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kritisismong historikal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Kritisismong historikal">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Kritisismong_historikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kritisismong historikal">Kritisismong historikal</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lumang_Tipan_o_Tanakh">Lumang Tipan o Tanakh</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Lumang Tipan o Tanakh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Lumang Tipan o Tanakh">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang <a href="/wiki/Kritisismong_historikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kritisismong historikal">Kritisismong historikal</a> o mas mataas na kritisismo sa pag-aaral biblikal, ay naglalayon na alamin ang tunay na may-akda at panahon ng pagkakasulat ng mga aklat sa bibliya. Ayon sa mga iskolar, karamihan sa mga aklat ng Biblia ay hindi isinulat ng mga pinaniwalaang tradisyonal na may-akda nito. Halimbawa, ayon sa Tradisyon ng mga Hudyo, ang Torah (Genesis, Exodo, Levitico, Deuteronomio at Bilang) ay inihayag kay <a href="/wiki/Moises" title="Moises">Moises</a> noong 1312 BCE sa Bundok ng Sinai. Ayon sa mga iskolar, hindi maaaring si <a href="/wiki/Moises" title="Moises">Moises</a> ang sumulat ng mga aklat na ito dahil sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anakronismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anakronismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">anakronismo</a> na matatagpuan sa mga aklat na ito. Ang anakronismo ay mga konsepto o salitang hindi umaangkop sa sinasabing kapanahunan ng pagkakasulat ng isang aklat. Halimbawa ang kaharian ng Edom, lupain ng Goshen, Rameses, Arameo ay hindi pa umiiral noong sinasabing kapanahunan ni Moises.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Bukod dito, ang iba pang indikasyon na ang Torah ay isinulat ng maraming mga may akda at hindi ni Moises: ang mga talata gaya ng Deut. 34:5-8 at Bilang 21:14 na isinulat pagkatapos mamatay ni Moises, doublets o dalawang magkaibang pagsasalaysay sa isang storya (gaya ng dalawang storya ng pagkakalikha sa Genesis 1 at 2, dalawang storya ni Sarah sa Genesis 12 at 20, at iba pa), paggamit ng dalawang pangalan ng diyos na <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> at <a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a>, paggamit ng istilong lingwistiko na ginamit sa iba't ibang panahon, at mga kontradiksiyon gaya ng Genesis 6:19-20(isang pares ng lahat ng hayop at ibon ang ipinasok sa arko) at Genesis 7:2-3(pitong pares ng malinis na hayop at ibon at isang pares ng maruming hayop ang ipinasok sa arko) Ayon sa mga iskolar ang mga aklat na ito ay sinulat ng apat na idenpendiyenteng may-akda na tinawag na <a href="/wiki/Jahwist" title="Jahwist">Jahwist</a> (J) (mga 900 BCE), <a href="/wiki/Elohist" title="Elohist">Elohist</a> (E) (mga 800 BCE), <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomista" title="Deuteronomista">Deuteronomista</a> (D) (mga 600 BCE) at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinagkunang_Pang-saserdote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinagkunang Pang-saserdote (hindi pa naisusulat)">Priestly</a> (P) (mga 500 BCE) at pinagsama-sama ng iba't ibang redactors(editor) noong kapanahunan ng imperyong Persian ca. 450 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Ang paniniwalang ang Torah ay isinulat ng maraming may-akda ay napatunayan noong Hunyo 2011, sa pamamagitan ng isang <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Intelihensiyang_Artipisyal" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelihensiyang Artipisyal">Intelihensiyang Artipisyal</a> na ginawa ng mga iskolar sa Bar Ilan University sa Israel.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bagong_Tipan_3">Bagong Tipan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Bagong Tipan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Bagong Tipan">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Synoptic_problem_-_Two_Source_hypothesis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Synoptic_problem_-_Two_Source_hypothesis.png/250px-Synoptic_problem_-_Two_Source_hypothesis.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Synoptic_problem_-_Two_Source_hypothesis.png/375px-Synoptic_problem_-_Two_Source_hypothesis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Synoptic_problem_-_Two_Source_hypothesis.png/500px-Synoptic_problem_-_Two_Source_hypothesis.png 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption>Ayon sa Two-Source hypothesis ang mga may akda ng Mateo at Lukas ay kumopya sa ebanghelyo ni Marcos at sa isang hipotetikal na kalipunan ng mga kasabihan ni Hesus na tinatawag na "Q".</figcaption></figure> Bagaman maraming ebanghelyo ang naisulat bago mabuo ang "kanon" (kabilang dito ang "<a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebanghelyo ni Judas">Ebanghelyo ni Judas</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Tomas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Tomas">Ebanghelyo ni Tomas</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Marya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebanghelyo ni Marya">Ebanghelyo ni Marya</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Marcionismo" title="Marcionismo">Ebanghelyo ni Marcion</a>" at marami pang iba pa), apat na ebanghelyo (<a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Mateo" title="Ebanghelyo ni Mateo">Mateo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Marcos" title="Ebanghelyo ni Marcos">Marcos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas">Lucas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan">Juan</a>) lang ang tinanggap sa "<a href="/wiki/Kanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a>" sa pagpipilit ni <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> ng Lyons na nabuhay noong 185 CE. Ayon kay Irenaeus, hindi maaring magkaroon ng higit o kulang sa "apat ng ebanghelyo" dahil sa apat ang sulok ng daigdig at apat ang hangin. Kanya ding inahihalintulad ang apat na ebanghelyo sa imahe ng apat na nilalang sa <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ni_Ezekiel" title="Aklat ni Ezekiel">Ezekiel 1</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Apocalipsis 4:6-10</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Ang mga ebanghelyo ayon sa mga iskolar ay hindi isinulat ng mga tradisyonal na pinaniwalaang may akda nito na sina Mateo, Marcos, Lukas at Juan. Ang mga pangalang ito ay ikinabit lang sa mga aklat na ito sa ikalawang siglo CE. Ayon sa mga iskolar, ang mga ebanghelyo ay orihinal na isinulat sa <a href="/wiki/Griyego" class="mw-disambig" title="Griyego">Griyego</a>. Ang unang ebanghelyo na isinulat ay ang Marcos na sinulat sa Syria ng hindi kilalang Kristiyano noong 70 CE. Ang <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Marcos" title="Ebanghelyo ni Marcos">Aklat ni Marcos</a> ang pinagkopyahan ng mga may-akda ng mga aklat <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Mateo" title="Ebanghelyo ni Mateo">Mateo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas">Lucas</a>. Bukod sa Marcos, ang mga aklat ng Mateo at Lukas ay kumopya din sa kalipunan ng mga kasabihan ni Hesus (na hindi pa natatagpuan) na tinatawag na "<a href="/wiki/Dokumentong_Q" title="Dokumentong Q">Dokumentong Q</a>". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_kritisismo_ng_Bibliya">Mga kritisismo ng Bibliya</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga kritisismo ng Bibliya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Mga kritisismo ng Bibliya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Ang kritisismo ng Bibliya ay nagsimula pa noong sinaunang panahon. Ang isa sa sinaunang kritiko ng Lumang Tipan ang Kristiyanong si <a href="/wiki/Marcion" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcion">Marcion</a> na tagapagtatag ng sektang Kristiyano na tinatawag na Marcionismo noong ikalawang siglo CE. Ang mga sinaunang kritiko naman ng Bagong Tipan ay kinabibilangan ni <a href="/wiki/Celsus" title="Celsus">Celsus</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Porphyry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porphyry (hindi pa naisusulat)">Porphyry</a>. Sa modernong panahon, ang kritisismo ng Bibliya ay sumidhi pagdating ng Panahon ng Kaliwanagan (Age of Enlightenment) noong ika 18 siglo CE at pagsulong ng historikal na kritisismo o pagsusuri sa pinagmulan ng Bibliya.<a href="#cite_note-Handbook,_78-78">[78]</a> Ang pagsulong din ng <a href="/wiki/Agham" title="Agham">agham</a> gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Teoriya_ng_ebolusyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoriya ng ebolusyon">teoriya ng ebolusyon</a> ay lalong nagbigay duda sa pagiging totoo ng Bibliya. Ayon sa mga kritiko, ang Bibliya ay hindi salita ng diyos dahil ito ay naglalaman ng mga paniniwalang sinasalungat ng arkeolohiya, agham, at kasaysayan.<a href="#cite_note-finkelstein-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Bukod dito, ang Bibliya ay pinaniniwalaan ring naglalaman ng mga kontradiksiyon,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Propesiya_ng_Bibliya" title="Propesiya ng Bibliya">mga palpak na hula</a>,<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> mga anakronismo,<a href="#cite_note-finkelstein-31">[31]</a> kahindik hindik na moralidad (<a href="/wiki/Pang-aalipin_sa_Bibliya" title="Pang-aalipin sa Bibliya">pang-aalipin ng mga Israelita</a> na pinapayagan ni Yahweh sa Lumang Tipan gayundin sa Bagong Tipan, <a href="/wiki/Poligamiya" title="Poligamiya">poligamiya</a> ng mga patriarka, <a href="/wiki/Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide">genocide</a> na iniutos ni <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> sa mga Israelita o pagpatay sa mga ibang bansa kabilang ang mga bata, sanggol, buntis na babae at mga hayop upang sakupin ang mga bansang ito at ang kanilang mga ari-arian)<a href="#cite_note-ref2-83">[83]</a> at magkakakontrang moralidad gaya ng matatagpuan sa Luma at Bagong Tipan. Ayon sa mga kritiko, ang kawalang tiyak na moralidad ay makikita sa mga ng libo-libong mga sektang ng Kristiyanismo at Hudaismo na magkakaiba ng pananaw at magkakalaban noon pang sinaunang panahong hanggang sa kasalukuyan sa ibat ibang isyu ng moralidad at mga katuruan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tingnan_din">Tingnan din</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tingnan din" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Tingnan din">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_relihiyosong_kasulatan" title="Talaan ng mga relihiyosong kasulatan">Talaan ng mga relihiyosong kasulatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mga_skrolyo_ng_Patay_na_Dagat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga skrolyo ng Patay na Dagat">Mga skrolyo ng Patay na Dagat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_paksa">Mga paksa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga paksa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Mga paksa">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antinomianismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antinomianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Antinomianismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesiyas" title="Mesiyas">Mesiyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pang-aalipin_sa_Bibliya" title="Pang-aalipin sa Bibliya">Pang-aalipin sa Bibliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poligamiya" title="Poligamiya">Poligamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_kababaihan_sa_Bibliya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga kababaihan sa Bibliya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga kababaihan sa Bibliya</a></li> <li>interwiki <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_translations_into_the_languages_of_the_Philippines" class="extiw" title="en:Bible translations into the languages of the Philippines">en:Bible translations into the languages of the Philippines</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Biblia-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Biblia_1-0">↑</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbriol,_Jose_C.2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abriol,_Jose_C." class="mw-redirect" title="Abriol, Jose C.">Abriol, Jose C.</a> (2000). "Ang Banal na Biblia, ginamit sa pamagat na aklat ni J.C. Abriol ang baybay na Biblia". <a href="/wiki/Jose_C._Abriol" title="Jose C. Abriol">Ang Banal na Biblia</a>, Natatanging Edisyon, Jubileo A.D. Paulines Publishing House/Daughters of St. Paul (Lungsod ng Pasay) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9715901077" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/9715901077">9715901077</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ang+Banal+na+Biblia%2C+ginamit+sa+pamagat+na+aklat+ni+J.C.+Abriol+ang+baybay+na+Biblia&rft.btitle=Ang+Banal+na+Biblia%2C+Natatanging+Edisyon%2C+Jubileo+A.D&rft.pub=Paulines+Publishing+House%2FDaughters+of+St.+Paul+%28Lungsod+ng+Pasay%29+ISBN+9715901077&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Abriol%2C+Jose+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABibliya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_ensiklopedya" class="mw-redirect" title="Padron:Cite ensiklopedya">cite ensiklopedya</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Biblia2-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Biblia2_2-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFReader's_Digest1995" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Reader%27s_Digest" title="Reader's Digest">Reader's Digest</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readersdigest.com">"Biblical Chronology, pahina 96"</a>. The Reader's Digest Bible, Illustrated Edition (Condensed from the Revised Standard Version: Old and New Testaments). The Reader's Digest Association, Inc., Pleasantville, <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng London">London</a>/<a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>/<a href="/wiki/Montreal" class="mw-disambig" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>/Auckland/<a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0276420136" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0276420136">0276420136</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biblical+Chronology%2C+pahina+96&rft.btitle=The+Reader%27s+Digest+Bible%2C+Illustrated+Edition+%28Condensed+from+the+Revised+Standard+Version%3A+Old+and+New+Testaments%29&rft.pub=The+Reader%27s+Digest+Association%2C+Inc.%2C+Pleasantville%2C+London%2FNew+York%2FMontreal%2FSydney%2FAuckland%2FCape+Town%2C+ISBN+0276420136&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Reader%27s+Digest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readersdigest.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABibliya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_ensiklopedya" class="mw-redirect" title="Padron:Cite ensiklopedya">cite ensiklopedya</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> Shiffman, Reclaiming the Dead Sea Scrolls. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.historycart.com/SamaritanPentateuch.htm">http://www.historycart.com/SamaritanPentateuch.htm</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> The Canon Debate, McDonald & Sanders, page 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://scripturecatholic.com/deuterocanon.html">http://scripturecatholic.com/deuterocanon.html</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> Pierre Nautin, article Hieronymus, in: Theologische Realenzyklopädie, Vol. 15, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin - New York 1986, p. 304–315, here p. 309-310. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> The Canon Debate, Sundberg, page 72, adds further detail: "However, it was not until the time of Augustine of Hippo (354–430 C.E.) that the Greek translation of the Jewish scriptures came to be called by the Latin term septuaginta. [70 rather than 72] In his City of God 18.42, while repeating the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Letter_of_Aristeas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letter of Aristeas (hindi pa naisusulat)">story of Aristeas</a> with typical embellishments, Augustine adds the remark, "It is their translation that it has now become traditional to call the Septuagint" ...[Latin omitted]... Augustine thus indicates that this name for the Greek translation of the scriptures was a recent development. But he offers no clue as to which of the possible antecedents led to this development: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2024:1–8&version=nrsv">Exod 24:1–8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josephus" class="mw-redirect" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> [Antiquities 12.57, 12.86], or an elision. ...this name Septuagint appears to have been a fourth- to fifth-century development." </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> Ferguson, Everett. "Factors leading to the Selection and Closure of the New Testament Canon," in The Canon Debate. eds. L. M. McDonald & J. A. Sanders (Hendrickson, 2002) p. 320; F. F. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture (Intervarsity Press, 1988) p. 230 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> cf. Augustine, De Civitate Dei 22.8 </li> <li id="cite_note-gnostic-11"><a href="#cite_ref-gnostic_11-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/story/pagels.html">The Gnostic Gospels:PBS</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/marcion.html">http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/marcion.html</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> From the perspectives of Tertullian and Epiphanius (when the four gospels had largely canonical status, perhaps in reaction to the challenge created by Marcion), it appeared that Marcion rejected the non-Lukan gospels, however, in Marcion's time, it may be that the only gospel he was familiar with from Pontus was the gospel that would later be called Luke. It is also possible that Marcion's gospel was actually modified by his critics to became the gospel we know today as Luke, rather than the story from his critics that he changed a canonical gospel to get his version. For example, compare <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%205:39&version=nrsv">Luke 5:39</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%205:36–38&version=nrsv">Luke 5:36–38</a>, did Marcion delete 5:39 from his Gospel or was it added later to counteract a Marcionist interpretation of 5:36-38? One must keep in mind that we only know of Marcion through his critics and they considered him a major threat to the form of Christianity that they knew. John Knox (the modern writer, not to be confused with <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Knox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Knox (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Knox</a> the Protestant Reformer) in Marcion and the New Testament: An Essay in the Early History of the Canon (<a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0404161839" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-404-16183-9</a>) was the first to propose that Marcion's Gospel may have preceded Luke's Gospel and Acts.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://ontruth.com/marcion.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016131116/http://ontruth.com/marcion.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2007-10-16 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity By Delbert Royce Burkett, pahina 107 </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> McGuckin, John A. "Origen as Literary Critic in the Alexandrian Tradition.” 121–37 in vol. 1 of 'Origeniana octava: Origen and the Alexandrian Tradition.' Papers of the 8th International Origen Congress (Pisa, 27–31 Agosto 2001). Edited by L. Perrone. Bibliotheca Ephemeridum theologicarum Lovaniensium 164. 2 vols. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2003. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> Among the disputed writings, [των αντιλεγομένων], which are nevertheless recognized by many, are extant the so-called epistle of James and that of Jude, also the second epistle of Peter, and those that are called the second and third of John, whether they belong to the evangelist or to another person of the same name. Among the rejected writings must be reckoned also the Acts of Paul, and the so-called Shepherd, and the Apocalypse of Peter, and in addition to these the extant epistle of Barnabas, and the so-called Teachings of the Apostles; and besides, as I said, the Apocalypse of John, if it seem proper, which some, as I said, reject, but which others class with the accepted books. And among these some have placed also the Gospel according to the Hebrews, with which those of the Hebrews that have accepted Christ are especially delighted. And all these may be reckoned among the disputed books [των αντιλεγομένων]. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> Carter Lindberg, A Brief History of Christianity (Blackwell Publishing, 2006) p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> David Brakke, "Canon Formation and Social Conflict in Fourth Century Egypt: Athanasius of Alexandria's Thirty Ninth Festal Letter", in Harvard Theological Review 87 (1994) pp. 395–419. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.tertullian.org/articles/burkitt_gelasianum.htm">http://www.tertullian.org/articles/burkitt_gelasianum.htm</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_M._Metzger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce M. Metzger (hindi pa naisusulat)">Metzger, Bruce M.</a>: The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987, p. 246. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0198269544" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-826954-4</a>, writes, "Finally on 8 Abril 1546, by a vote of 24 to 15, with 16 abstensions, the Council issued a decree (De Canonicis Scripturis) in which, for the first time in the history of the church, the question of the contents of the Bible was made an absolute article of faith and confirmed by an anathema." </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bibelcenter.de/bibel/lu1545/">http://www.bibelcenter.de/bibel/lu1545/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20100419071230/http://www.bibelcenter.de/bibel/lu1545/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2010-04-19 at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archive.is&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archive.is (hindi pa naisusulat)">Archive.is</a> note order: ... Hebr�er, Jakobus, Judas, Offenbarung; see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bible-researcher.com/links10.html">http://www.bible-researcher.com/links10.html</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_messiah3.htm">Why did the majority of the Jewish world reject Jesus as the Messiah, and why did the first Christians accept Jesus as the Messiah?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072627/http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_messiah3.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 2011-07-16 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. by Rabbi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shraga_Simmons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shraga Simmons (hindi pa naisusulat)">Shraga Simmons</a> (about.com) </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMichoel_Drazin1990" class="citation book cs1">Michoel Drazin (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drazin.com">Their Hollow Inheritance. A Comprehensive Refutation of Christian Missionaries</a>. Gefen Publishing House, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/965-229-070-X" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/965-229-070-X"><bdi>965-229-070-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Their+Hollow+Inheritance.+A+Comprehensive+Refutation+of+Christian+Missionaries&rft.pub=Gefen+Publishing+House%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=965-229-070-X&rft.au=Michoel+Drazin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drazin.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABibliya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> Troki, Isaac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faithstrengthened.org/FS_TOC.html">"Faith Strengthened"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929141607/http://faithstrengthened.org/FS_TOC.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2007-09-29 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-25"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_25-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20020624174607/http://www.messiahtruth.com/isa714b.html">"The Jewish Perspective on Isaiah 7:14"</a>. Messiahtruth.com. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.messiahtruth.com/isa714b.html">orihinal</a> noong 2002-06-24. Nakuha noong 2009-04-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Perspective+on+Isaiah+7%3A14&rft.pub=Messiahtruth.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.messiahtruth.com%2Fisa714b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABibliya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.outreachjudaism.org/FAQ">http://www.outreachjudaism.org/FAQ</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/hcc2.v.xiii.xvi.html">Eusebius' Church History</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171216215753/http://www.ntcanon.org/Peshitta.shtml">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntcanon.org/Peshitta.shtml">orihinal</a> noong 2017-12-16. Nakuha noong 2012-06-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntcanon.org%2FPeshitta.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABibliya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/575168.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/575168.stm</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/archives/s120784.htm">http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/archives/s120784.htm</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-finkelstein-31">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-finkelstein_31-0">31.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finkelstein_31-1">31.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finkelstein_31-2">31.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finkelstein_31-3">31.3</a> The Bible Unearthed, Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman, Free Press, New York, 2001, 385 pp., <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0684869128" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-684-86912-8</a>, tignan din ang artikulo sa English Wikipedia na: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:The_Bible_Unearthed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:The Bible Unearthed (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Bible Unearthed</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-32">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_32-0">32.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_32-1">32.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/03/world/africa/03exodus.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/03/world/africa/03exodus.html</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> Dever, William. Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from?. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/29/arts/bible-history-flunks-new-archaeological-tests-hotly-debated-studies-cast-doubt.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/29/arts/bible-history-flunks-new-archaeological-tests-hotly-debated-studies-cast-doubt.html</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> Israel Finkelstein, 'A Short Summary: Bible and Archeology,’ in Israel Finkelstein, Amihai Mazar, Brian B. Schmidt The Quest for the Historical Israel:Debating Archeology and the History of Early Israel , Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta, 2007 pp.183-188 p.183 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> This is what archaeologists have learned from their excavations in the Land of Israel: the Israelites were never in Egypt, did not wander in the desert, did not conquer the land in a military campaign and did not pass it on to the 12 tribes of Israel. Perhaps even harder to swallow is that the united monarchy of David and Solomon, which is described by the Bible as a regional power, was at most a small tribal kingdom. And it will come as an unpleasant shock to many that the God of Israel, YHWH, had a female consort and that the early Israelite religion adopted monotheism only in the waning period of the monarchy and not at Mount Sinai. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> George, Andrew R. The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic..., Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> See, for example, Van Der Torn, Karel, "Did Ecclesiastes copy Gilgamesh?", BR, 16/1 (Pebrero 2000), pp. 22ff </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> Overland 1996, 277-278. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/hunt-noahs-ark-podcast.htm">https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/hunt-noahs-ark-podcast.htm</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.class.uidaho.edu/ngier/henotheism.htm">http://www.class.uidaho.edu/ngier/henotheism.htm</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref1-42"><a href="#cite_ref-ref1_42-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170511082755/http://www.theology.edu/ugarbib.htm">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theology.edu/ugarbib.htm">orihinal</a> noong 2017-05-11. Nakuha noong 2011-08-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theology.edu%2Fugarbib.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABibliya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> Matthews, Victor Harold (2004). Judges and Ruth, Cambridge University Press, pahina 79 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> Meindert Djikstra, "El the God of Israel, Israel the People of YHWH: On the Origins of Ancient Israelite Yahwism" (in "Only One God? Monotheism in Ancient Israel and the Veneration of the Goddess Asherah", ed. Bob Beckering, Sheffield Academic Press, 2001) </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> The human faces of God, pahina 72 </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> Jesús-Luis Cunchillos, Juan-Pablo Vita, A concordance of Ugaritic words 2003 p389 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> Jesús-Luis Cunchillos, Juan-Pablo Vita, The texts of the Ugaritic data bank 2003 p82 </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> Marvin H. Pope El in the Ugaritic texts 1955 p49 </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> Rahmouni, A. Divine epithets in the Ugaritic alphabetic texts 2008 p91 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> Young G. D. Concordance of Ugaritic 1956 Page 13 </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> G. Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren Theological dictionary of the Old Testament 2000 p130 </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> When Elyon divided the nations, when he separated the sons of Adam he established the borders of the nations according to the number of the sons of the gods. Yahweh’s portion was his people, Jacob his alloted inheritance.) (Deuteronomy 32:8-9), Dead Sea Scrolls (4QDeut4) </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> Karel van der Toorn, "Goddesses in Early Israelite Religion in Ancient Goddesses: the Myths and the Evidence" (editors Lucy Goodison and Christine Morris, University of Wisconsin Press, 1998) </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> 1 Kings 18, Jeremiah 2; Othmar Keel, Christoph Uehlinger, Gods, Goddesses, and Images of God in Ancient Israel, Fortress Press (1998); Mark S. Smith, The Origins of Biblical Monotheism: Israel’s Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts, Oxford University Press (2001) </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> Othmar Keel, Christoph Uehlinger, Gods, Goddesses, and Images of God in Ancient Israel, Fortress Press (1998); Mark S. Smith, The Origins of Biblical Monotheism: Israel’s Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts, Oxford University Press (2001) </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> Ziony Zevit, "The Religions of Ancient Israel: A Synthesis of Parallactic Approaches (Continuum, 2001) </li> <li id="cite_note-Mark_S_2001-57">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Mark_S_2001_57-0">57.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mark_S_2001_57-1">57.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mark_S_2001_57-2">57.2</a> Mark S.Smith, "Untold Stories: The Bible and Ugaritic Studies in the Twentieth Century" (Hendrickson Publishers, 2001) </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> William G. Dever, "Did God Have a Wife? Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient ISrael" (Eerdman's, 2005) </li> <li id="cite_note-jvl-59">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-jvl_59-0">59.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jvl_59-1">59.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jvl_59-2">59.2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015092426/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Exilic.html">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Exilic.html">orihinal</a> noong 2012-10-15. Nakuha noong 2012-11-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FJudaism%2FExilic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABibliya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA340">http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA340</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> Ephraim Urbach The Sages </li> <li id="cite_note-je-62">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-je_62-0">62.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-je_62-1">62.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=147&letter=Z">http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=147&letter=Z</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-NatGeo-63"><a href="#cite_ref-NatGeo_63-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/expedition-week/4290/facts">"The First Jesus?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a>. Nakuha noong 2010-08-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+First+Jesus%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchannel.nationalgeographic.com%2Fseries%2Fexpedition-week%2F4290%2Ffacts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABibliya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> The Dead Sea scrolls and Christian origins, Joseph Fitzmyer, pahina 28- </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> Robert Goldenberg. Review of "Dying for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism" by Daniel Boyarin in The Jewish Quarterly Review, New Series, Vol. 92, No. 3/4 (Jan. - Apr., 2002), pp. 586-588 </li> <li id="cite_note-Paula_Fredricksen_pp._133-134-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Paula_Fredricksen_pp._133-134_66-0">↑</a> Paula Fredricksen, From Jesus to Christ Yale university Press. pp. 133-134 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> Robertson, Archibald (1946) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/jesusmythorhisto035413mbp">Jesus: Myth Or History</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-PriceFreeInquiry-68"><a href="#cite_ref-PriceFreeInquiry_68-0">↑</a> Price, Robert M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=price_20_1">"Of Myth and Men"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121208035523/http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=price_20_1">Naka-arkibo</a> 2012-12-08 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Free Inquiry magazine, Volume 20, Number 1, accessed 2 Agosto 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/cv/pch/pch70.htm">http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/cv/pch/pch70.htm</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-May_Metzger_Mark-70"><a href="#cite_ref-May_Metzger_Mark_70-0">↑</a> May, Herbert G. and Bruce M. Metzger. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. 1977. "Mark" p. 1213-1239 </li> <li id="cite_note-ActJBirth-71">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ActJBirth_71-0">71.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ActJBirth_71-1">71.1</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Funk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Funk (hindi pa naisusulat)">Funk, Robert W.</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_Seminar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesus Seminar (hindi pa naisusulat)">Jesus Seminar</a>. The acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus. HarperSanFrancisco. 1998. "Birth & Infancy Stories" p. 497-526. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> Aland, Kurt; Barbara Aland (1995). The Text of The New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Translated by Erroll F. Rhodes (2nd ed. ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 40f, 72f. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0802840981" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8028-4098-1</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> The Bible Unearthed, Israel Finkelstein p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> Friedman, Richard E. The Bible with Sources Revealed, HarperSanFrancisco, 2003. <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0060530693" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-06-053069-3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> McDermott, John J., "Reading the Pentateuch: a historical introduction" (Pauline Press, 2002)p.21 </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/israeli-software-supports-theory-that-bible-was-written-by-multiple-authors-1.370384">Israeli software supports theory that Bible was written by multiple authors</a>, 30 Hunyo 2011, Haaretz Newspaper </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> "It is not possible that the Gospels can be either more or fewer in number than they are. For, since there are four zones of the world in which we live, and four principal winds, while the... "pillar and ground" of the Church is the Gospel and the spirit of life; it is fitting that she should have four pillars, breathing out immortality on every side.... He who was manifested to men, has given us the Gospel under four aspects, but bound together by one Spirit.... For the cherubim, too, were four-faced, and their faces were images of the dispensation of the Son of God. The first living creature was like a lion, symbolizing His effectual working, His leadership, and royal power; the second was like a calf, signifying His sacrificial and sacerdotal order; but the third had, as it were, the face as of a man - an evident description of His advent as a human being; the fourth was like a flying eagle, pointing out the gift of the Spirit hovering with His wings over the Church. And therefore the Gospels are in accord with these things, among which Christ Jesus is seated. " (Against Heresies, 3.11.8) </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook,_78-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Handbook,_78_78-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSoulenSoulen,_R._Kendall2001" class="citation book cs1">Soulen, Richard N.; Soulen, R. Kendall (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofbiblic0000soul_z2x8">Handbook of biblical criticism</a> (ika-3rd ed., rev. and expanded. (na) edisyon). Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofbiblic0000soul_z2x8/page/78">78</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0664223141" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0664223141"><bdi>0664223141</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+biblical+criticism&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Ky.&rft.pages=78&rft.edition=3rd+ed.%2C+rev.+and+expanded.&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0664223141&rft.aulast=Soulen&rft.aufirst=Richard+N.&rft.au=Soulen%2C+R.+Kendall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookofbiblic0000soul_z2x8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABibliya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jesusneverexisted.com/">Jesus Never Existed</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infidels.org/library/modern/donald_morgan/inconsistencies.html">Bible contradictions</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infidels.org/library/modern/jim_meritt/bible-contradictions.html">Bible contradictions, Internet infidels</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170607211832/http://www.rejectionofpascalswager.net/bibleanalysis.html">"Bible Analysis:Rejection of Pascals Wager"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rejectionofpascalswager.net/bibleanalysis.html">orihinal</a> noong 2017-06-07. Nakuha noong 2011-10-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bible+Analysis%3ARejection+of+Pascals+Wager&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rejectionofpascalswager.net%2Fbibleanalysis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ABibliya" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-ref2-83"><a href="#cite_ref-ref2_83-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblicalnonsense.com/index2.html">Biblical Nonsense</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_panlabas_na_kawing">Mga panlabas na kawing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga panlabas na kawing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Mga panlabas na kawing">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_salin_sa_tagalog">Mga salin sa tagalog</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga salin sa tagalog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliya&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Mga salin sa tagalog">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://angbiblia.net/default.aspx">Ang Biblia/Bagong Magandang Balita Biblia</a>, Buong Bibliya sa wikang Tagalog, mula sa AngBiblia.net</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wordproject.org/bibles/parallel/i/tagalog.htm">Bibliya / Multi parallel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.scripturetext.com/genesis/1.htm">Ang Dating Biblia (1905)</a>, Buong Bibliya sa wikang Tagalog - mula <a href="/wiki/Henesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Henesis">Henesis</a> hanggang <a href="/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Pahayag</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tipan.wordpress.com/about/">Ang Magandang Bagong Balita Biblia (Ang Banal na Kasulatan), Bibliyang Tagalog sa Internet (Lumang Tipan)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/versions/index.php?action=getVersionInfo&vid=43&lang=11">Ang Salita ng Diyos (SND, 1998)</a>, Bibliyang Tagalog sa Internet (Bagong Tipan), BiblesInternational, BibleGateway.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bible.org.ph/index_orig.php">Philippine Bible Society</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051125154656/http://www.bible.org.ph/index_orig.php">Naka-arkibo</a> 2005-11-25 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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