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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mesopotamian origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesopotamian_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zoroastrianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zoroastrianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zoroastrianism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zoroastrianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christianity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditional_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Traditional definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catholicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Catholicism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ongoing_prophecy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ongoing_prophecy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ongoing prophecy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ongoing_prophecy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Latter_Day_Saint_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latter_Day_Saint_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Latter Day Saint movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latter_Day_Saint_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adventism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adventism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Adventism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adventism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventh-day_Adventist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh-day_Adventist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Seventh-day Adventist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh-day_Adventist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branch_Davidians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branch_Davidians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>Branch Davidians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branch_Davidians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manichaeism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manichaeism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Manichaeism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manichaeism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Islam-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Islam subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ahmadiyya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahmadiyya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Ahmadiyya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ahmadiyya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Druze_faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Druze_faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Druze faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Druze_faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baháʼí_Faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Baháʼí Faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_Americans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_Americans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Native Americans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_Americans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thelema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thelema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Thelema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thelema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secular_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secular_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Secular usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secular_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Prophet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 101 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="نبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܢܒܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܒܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80" title="নবী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নবী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Profeta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pey%C4%9F%C9%99mb%C9%99r" title="Peyğəmbər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Peyğəmbər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="پئیغمبر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پئیغمبر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80" title="নবী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নবী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Прарок – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прарок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeta" title="Propeta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Propeta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Пророк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пророк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profed" title="Profed – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Profed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Profeta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%B3%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85%C3%A7%C4%95" title="Пӳлĕхçĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пӳлĕхçĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorok" title="Prorok – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prorok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svikiro" title="Svikiro – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Svikiro" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profet" title="Profet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Profet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prophet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohvet" title="Prohvet – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prohvet" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Προφήτης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προφήτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Profeta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeto" title="Profeto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Profeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Profeta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="پیامبر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیامبر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proph%C3%A8te" title="Prophète – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prophète" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeet" title="Profeet – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Profeet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1idh" title="Fáidh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fáidh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Profeta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌴𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌴𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%96%B8%EC%9E%90" title="예언자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예언자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manzo" title="Manzo – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Manzo" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="नबी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नबी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorok" title="Prorok – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prorok" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeto" title="Profeto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Profeto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi" title="Nabi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nabi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propheta" title="Propheta – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Propheta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Profeta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90" title="נביא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נביא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi" title="Nabi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nabi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="წინასწარმეტყველი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წინასწარმეტყველი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пайғамбар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пайғамбар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabii" title="Nabii – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nabii" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAxember" title="Pêxember – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pêxember" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пайгамбар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пайгамбар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Идавс – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Идавс" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propheta" title="Propheta – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Propheta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravietis" title="Pravietis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pravietis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prof%C3%A9te" title="Proféte – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Proféte" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Profeta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3f%C3%A9ta" title="Próféta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Próféta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Пророк – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пророк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpaminany" title="Mpaminany – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mpaminany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB" title="പ്രവാചകൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രവാചകൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%89" title="نبى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C4%95ng-d%C4%AD" title="Siĕng-dĭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siĕng-dĭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeet" title="Profeet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Profeet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="नबी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नबी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%90%E8%A8%80%E8%80%85" title="預言者 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="預言者" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пайхамар – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Пайхамар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profet" title="Profet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Profet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profet" title="Profet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Profet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Profeta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пиямбар – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пиямбар" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payg%CA%BBambar" title="Paygʻambar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Paygʻambar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80" title="ਨਬੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਬੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="پیغمبر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پیغمبر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="ព្យាការី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្យាការី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorok" title="Prorok – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prorok" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeta" title="Profeta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Profeta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proroc" title="Proroc – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Proroc" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Пророк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пророк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B1%D2%AF%D3%A9%D1%87%D1%87%D2%AF" title="Көрбүөччү – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көрбүөччү" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeti" title="Profeti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Profeti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Prophet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorok" title="Prorok – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prorok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prerok" title="Prerok – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prerok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi" title="Nabi – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nabi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%BA%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1" title="پێغەمبەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێغەمبەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorok" title="Prorok – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Prorok" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prorok" title="Prorok – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prorok" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi" title="Nabi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nabi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profeetta" title="Profeetta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Profeetta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profet" title="Profet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Profet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeta" title="Propeta – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Propeta" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இறைவாக்கினர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இறைவாக்கினர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80" title="Пәйгамбәр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пәйгамбәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4" title="ప్రవక్త – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్రవక్త" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0" title="ผู้เผยพระวจนะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผู้เผยพระวจนะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пайғамбар – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пайғамбар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peygamber" title="Peygamber – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Peygamber" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odiyifo%C9%94" title="Odiyifoɔ – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Odiyifoɔ" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Пророк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пророк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="پیغمبر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیغمبر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%8A%D8%BA%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1" title="پەيغەمبەر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پەيغەمبەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%AAn_tri" title="Tiên tri – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiên tri" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Prophet_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Prophet (disambiguation)">Prophet (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Profit_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Profit (disambiguation)">Profit</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Religious_text_primary plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>uses <a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">texts from within a religion or faith system</a></b> without referring to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PSTS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PSTS">secondary sources</a> that critically analyze them.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit">improve this article</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesaja_(Michelangelo).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jesaja_%28Michelangelo%29.jpg/220px-Jesaja_%28Michelangelo%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jesaja_%28Michelangelo%29.jpg/330px-Jesaja_%28Michelangelo%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jesaja_%28Michelangelo%29.jpg/440px-Jesaja_%28Michelangelo%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2182" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a>, an important Biblical prophet, in fresco on the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">Sistine Chapel ceiling</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, a <b>prophet</b> or <b>prophetess</b> is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a <a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">divine being</a> and is said to speak on behalf of that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> source to other people.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The message that the prophet conveys is called a <a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">prophecy</a>. </p><p>Prophethood has existed in many cultures and religions throughout history, including <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prophet" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:prophet">prophet</a></i> is the <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> of a compound <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word derived from <i>pro</i> (before/toward) and <i>phesein</i> (to tell); thus, a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:προφήτης">προφήτης</a> (<i>prophḗtēs</i>) is someone who conveys messages from the divine to humans, including occasionally foretelling future events. In a different interpretation, it means <a href="/wiki/Advocacy" title="Advocacy">advocate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Public_speaking" title="Public speaking">speaker</a>. It is used to translate the Hebrew word נָבִיא (<i>nāvî</i>) in the Septuagint and the Arabic word نبي (<i>nabī</i>). <a href="/wiki/W.F._Albright" class="mw-redirect" title="W.F. Albright">W.F. Albright</a> points to the Akkadian <a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabu</a> for the origin of these Hebrew (נָבִיא (<i>nāvî</i>) and the Arabic نبي (<i>nabī</i>) words.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Akkadian <i>nabû</i> means "announcer" or "authorised person",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> derived from the <a href="/wiki/Semitic_root" title="Semitic root">Semitic root</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">n-b-y</span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">nbʾ</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is cognate with <a href="/wiki/Classical_Syriac_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Syriac language">Classical Syriac</a>: <span lang="syc" dir="rtl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%90" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ܢܒܝܐ">ܢܒܝܐ</a></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Classical Syriac-language romanization"><i lang="syc-Latn">nəḇiyyā</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:نبي">نبي</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">nabiyy</i></span>, and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:נביא">נביא</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">nāḇi</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all meaning 'prophet'. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, the word נָבִיא (<i>nāvî</i>), "spokesperson", traditionally translates as "prophet". The second subdivision of the <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a>, is devoted to the Hebrew prophets. The meaning of <i>navi</i> is perhaps described in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a> 18:18,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> said, "...and I will put My words in his mouth, and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him." Thus, a <i>navi</i> was thought to be the "mouth" of God. A Jewish tradition was that the root <a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)">nun</a>-<a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)" title="Bet (letter)">bet</a>-<a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">alef</a> ("navi") is based on the two-letter root nun-bet which denotes hollowness or openness; to receive transcendental wisdom, one must make oneself "open".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mesopotamian_origins">Mesopotamian origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mesopotamian origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian religion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabu</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_from_page_39_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_(1940).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Image_from_page_39_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg/260px-Image_from_page_39_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Image_from_page_39_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg/390px-Image_from_page_39_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Image_from_page_39_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg/520px-Image_from_page_39_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="1918" /></a><figcaption>Late Assyrian seal. Worshipper between <a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a>, standing on their servant dragon <a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%A1%E1%B8%ABu%C5%A1%C5%A1u" title="Mušḫuššu">Mušḫuššu</a>, eighth century BCE.</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the advent of Zoroastrianism and the prophetic tradition established by Zoroaster, various ancient civilizations had individuals who served as intermediaries between humanity and the divine. In ancient <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a>, for instance, figures such as the "<a href="/wiki/Ensi_(Sumerian)" title="Ensi (Sumerian)">ensi</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Lugal" title="Lugal">lugal</a>" fulfilled roles akin to prophets, offering guidance and interpreting divine will through rituals, omens, and prayers. The <i>ensi</i> was considered a representative of the city-state's patron deity.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The functions of a <span title="Sumerian-language text"><i lang="sux">lugal</i></span> would include certain ceremonial and cultic activities, arbitration in border disputes, and military defence against external enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-Westenholz_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westenholz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>ensis</i> of Lagash would sometimes refer to the city's patron deity, <a href="/wiki/Ningirsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ningirsu">Ningirsu</a>, as their <span title="Sumerian-language text"><i lang="sux">lugal</i></span> ("master"). All of the above is connected to the possibly priestly or sacral character of the titles <i>ensi</i><sup id="cite_ref-glassner1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glassner1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and especially <i>en</i> (the latter term continuing to designate priests in subsequent times). </p><p>These prophets, while lacking the systematic theological framework found in later traditions, laid the groundwork for the concept of prophethood by demonstrating a connection with the divine and providing spiritual leadership within their communities. Despite the absence of codified scripture or organized religious institutions, these pre-Zoroastrian prophetic figures played a crucial role in shaping early religious thought and practices, paving the way for the structured prophetic tradition that emerged with Zoroaster and subsequent religious traditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Zoroastrianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIMRM_44-Mithraic_pater_(Dura_Europos)_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/CIMRM_44-Mithraic_pater_%28Dura_Europos%29_B.jpg/170px-CIMRM_44-Mithraic_pater_%28Dura_Europos%29_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/CIMRM_44-Mithraic_pater_%28Dura_Europos%29_B.jpg/255px-CIMRM_44-Mithraic_pater_%28Dura_Europos%29_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/CIMRM_44-Mithraic_pater_%28Dura_Europos%29_B.jpg/340px-CIMRM_44-Mithraic_pater_%28Dura_Europos%29_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="1579" /></a><figcaption>3rd-century <a href="/wiki/Mithraic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithraic">Mithraic</a> depiction of Zoroaster found in <a href="/wiki/Dura_Europos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dura Europos">Dura Europos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Cumont" title="Franz Cumont">Franz Cumont</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> holds a significant position in shaping the concept of prophets and prophecy. Founded by the revered figure <a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a> (or Zarathustra) in ancient Persia around the 6th century BCE, Zoroastrianism introduced fundamental ideas that profoundly influenced subsequent religious and philosophical traditions, particularly in its portrayal of prophetic figures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyce200126_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyce200126-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the heart of Zoroastrian belief lies the concept of a singular supreme deity, <a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a>, engaged in an eternal struggle against the forces of darkness and chaos, embodied by <a href="/wiki/Angra_Mainyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Angra Mainyu">Angra Mainyu</a>. Zoroaster, as the primary prophet of this faith, received divine revelations and visions from Ahura Mazda, which formed the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a>, the sacred scripture of Zoroastrianism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyce19841_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyce19841-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zoroaster's role as a prophet established a template for future religious leaders and visionaries. He articulated monotheistic principles, <a href="/wiki/Ethical_dualism" title="Ethical dualism">ethical dualism</a>, and the idea of a cosmic battle between good and evil, influencing not only the religious landscape of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Persia">ancient Persia</a> but also later traditions such as <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The legacy of Zoroastrianism in shaping the understanding of prophets is profound. Zoroaster's direct communication with the divine, his role as a mediator between humanity and the divine will, and his teachings about moral righteousness laid the groundwork for the concept of prophethood as it evolved in subsequent religious traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKriwaczek2003_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKriwaczek2003-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Influence from Zoroastrian thought can be seen in the characterization of prophets as individuals chosen by a single supreme deity to convey divine messages, guide communities, and uphold moral principles. The structured prophetic tradition established by Zoroaster set a precedent for future prophets, shaping how societies perceive and interact with visionary figures throughout history.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While other ancient civilizations may have had individuals who served similar functions, Zoroastrianism's systematic approach to prophecy and its enduring influence on subsequent religious thought solidified its place in history as a foundational example of prophetic tradition, enriching humanity's understanding of the divine and the role of prophets in conveying its will.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKriwaczek2003_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKriwaczek2003-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judaism">Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Judaism" title="Prophets in Judaism">Prophets in Judaism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_066.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_066.jpg/220px-Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_066.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="604" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_066.jpg/330px-Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_066.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_066.jpg/440px-Duccio_di_Buoninsegna_066.jpg 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="2129" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a>, one of the last prophets of Israel, painting by Duccio di Buoninsegna, c. 1310 (Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, <a href="/wiki/Siena_Cathedral" title="Siena Cathedral">Siena Cathedral</a>). <i>"He [<a href="/wiki/Mashiach" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashiach">Mashiach</a>] will turn the hearts of the parents to their children, and the hearts of the children to their parents" (Malachi 4:6)</i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Some examples of prophets in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a> include <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miriam" title="Miriam">Miriam</a>, Isaiah, <a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>, Ezekiel, <a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>. Moses is considered the most important <a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Judaism" title="Prophets in Judaism">prophet in Judaism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On one occasion during <a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">the Exodus</a> journey, "the spirit which was upon Moses" was passed to seventy elders, who were also able to prophesy for one time only, but mostly they could not prophesy again.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moses expressed the hope that "all the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>'s people" could be prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to writing and speaking messages from God, <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelite</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judea" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Judea">Judean</a> <i>nevi'im</i> ("spokespersons", "prophets") often acted out prophetic <a href="/wiki/Parable" title="Parable">parables</a> in their life.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in order to contrast the people's disobedience with the obedience of the <a href="/wiki/Rechabite" class="mw-redirect" title="Rechabite">Rechabites</a>, God has <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> invite the Rechabites to drink wine, in disobedience to their ancestor's command. The Rechabites refuse, for which God commends them.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other prophetic parables acted out by Jeremiah include burying a linen belt so that it gets ruined to illustrate how God intends to ruin Judah's pride.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cj13_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cj13-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, Jeremiah buys a clay jar and smashes it in the <a href="/wiki/Gehenna" title="Gehenna">Valley of Ben Hinnom</a> in front of elders and priests to illustrate that God will smash the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">nation of Judah</a> and the city of Judah beyond repair.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> God instructs Jeremiah to make a yoke from wood and leather straps and to put it on his own neck to demonstrate how God will put the nation under the yoke of <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a similar way, the prophet <a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a> had to walk stripped and barefoot for three years to illustrate the coming captivity,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the prophet <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> had to lie on his side for 390 days and to eat measured food to illustrate the coming siege.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prophetic assignment is usually portrayed as rigorous and exacting in the Hebrew Bible,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and prophets were often the target of persecution and opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> God's personal prediction for Jeremiah, "And they shall fight against thee; but they shall not prevail against thee,"<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was performed many times in the <a href="/wiki/Bible_prophecy" title="Bible prophecy">biblical narrative</a> as Jeremiah warned of destruction of those who continued to refuse repentance and accept more moderate consequences.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In return for his adherence to God's discipline and speaking God's words, Jeremiah was attacked by his own brothers,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beaten and put into the stocks by a priest and <a href="/wiki/False_prophet" title="False prophet">false prophet</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> imprisoned by the king,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> threatened with death,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thrown into a cistern by Judah's officials,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and opposed by a false prophet.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, Isaiah was told by his hearers who rejected his message, "Leave the way! Get off the path! Let us hear no more about the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah#"Holy_One_of_Israel"" title="Book of Isaiah">Holy One of Israel</a>!"<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The life of Moses being threatened by <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh_of_the_Exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharaoh of the Exodus">Pharaoh</a> is another example.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to I <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Samuel</a> 9:9,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the old name for navi is <i>ro'eh</i>, רֹאֶה, which literally means "seer". That could document an ancient shift, from viewing prophets as seers for hire to viewing them as moral teachers. L. C. Allen (1971) comments that in the <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First Temple</a> Era, there were essentially seer-priests belonging to a guild, who performed <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a>, rituals, and sacrifices, and were scribes; and beside these were canonical prophets, who did none of these things (and condemned divination), but came to deliver a message.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seer-priests were usually attached to a local shrine or temple, such as <a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a>, and initiated others into that priesthood, acting as a mystical <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">craft-guild</a> with apprentices and recruitment. Canonical prophets were not organised this way. </p><p>Jewish tradition - unlike Christian and Islamic practice - does not regard <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a> as a prophet. </p><p>A Jewish tradition suggests that there were twice as many prophets as the number which left Egypt, which would make 1,200,000 prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-jfaq_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jfaq-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> recognizes <a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Judaism#The_48_Prophets" title="Prophets in Judaism">48 male prophets</a> who bequeathed permanent messages to humankind.<sup id="cite_ref-jfaq_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jfaq-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Talmud, there were also seven women counted as prophetesses whose message bears relevance for all generations: <a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miriam" title="Miriam">Miriam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deborah" title="Deborah">Devorah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannah_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannah (Bible)">Hannah</a> (mother of the prophet Samuel), <a href="/wiki/Abigail" title="Abigail">Abigail</a> (a wife of <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">King David</a>), <a href="/wiki/Huldah" title="Huldah">Huldah</a> (from the time of Jeremiah), and <a href="/wiki/Esther" title="Esther">Esther</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jfaq_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jfaq-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Talmudic and Biblical commentator <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> points out that <a href="/wiki/Rebecca" title="Rebecca">Rebecca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a> were also prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_8#Verse_3" title="Isaiah 8">Isaiah 8:3-4</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> refers to Isaiah's wife, who bore his son <a href="/wiki/Maher-shalal-hash-baz" title="Maher-shalal-hash-baz">Maher-shalal-hash-baz</a> as "the prophetess"; she is not referred to elsewhere. </p><p>Prophets in the Tanakh are not always Jews;<sup id="cite_ref-jfaq_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jfaq-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> note for example the non-Jewish prophet <a href="/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a> 22.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Talmud, <a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a> is said to have been a convert to Judaism. </p><p>The last <i>nevi'im</i> mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Bible">Jewish Bible</a> are <a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a>, all of whom lived at the end of the 70-year <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian exile">Babylonian exile</a> of <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 586 to 539 BCE. The <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_(tractate)" title="Sanhedrin (tractate)">Sanhedrin</a> 11a) states that Haggai, Zachariah, and Malachi were the last prophets, and later times have known only the "<a href="/wiki/Bath_Kol" class="mw-redirect" title="Bath Kol">Bath Kol</a>" (בת קול, lit. <i>daughter of a voice</i>, "voice of God"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets of Christianity</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_definitions">Traditional definitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Traditional definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_139.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_139.png/220px-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_139.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_139.png/330px-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_139.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_139.png/440px-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_139.png 2x" data-file-width="906" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>The Vision of Isaiah is depicted in this 1860 woodcut by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Schnorr_von_Karolsfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld">Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, a prophet (or seer) is one inspired by God through the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Spirit (Christianity)">Holy Spirit</a> to deliver a message. This includes Jewish prophets active before the church began and the prophets active in the Christian church. Some <a href="/wiki/Christian_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian denominations">Christian denominations</a> limit a prophet's message to words intended only for active members of a congregation, excluding social or political messages. However, the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> has several occasions in which prophets were called to deliver social or political messages.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reception of a message is termed <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelation</a> and the delivery of the message is termed prophecy. </p><p>The term "prophet" applies to those who receive public or <a href="/wiki/Private_revelation" title="Private revelation">private revelation</a>. Public revelation, in Catholicism, is part of the <a href="/wiki/Deposit_of_faith" title="Deposit of faith">Deposit of faith</a>, the revelation of which was completed by Jesus; whereas private revelation does not add to the Deposit. The term "deposit of faith" refers to the entirety of Jesus Christ's revelation, and is passed to successive generations through scripture and the traditions of the church. </p><p>The Bible applies the appellation '<a href="/wiki/False_prophet" title="False prophet">false prophet</a>' to anyone who preaches a Gospel contrary to that delivered to the apostles and recorded in Sacred Scripture.<sup id="cite_ref-Nei2019_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nei2019-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> text in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contains a warning against those who prophesy events which do not come to pass and says they should be put to death. Elsewhere a false prophet may be someone who is purposely trying to deceive, is delusional, under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> or is speaking from his own spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Catholicism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Six of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor Prophets</a> are commemorated in December. Each encouraged people to return to God, to repent of past sins, and to recognize God's presence even in their difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Jesus Christ is the one whom the Father anointed with the Holy Spirit and established as priest, prophet, and king. The whole People of God participates in these three offices of Christ and bears the responsibilities for mission and service that flow from them."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The laity act prophetically when they speak the truth, and live the Gospel by example before their families, neighbors, and co-workers.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Old Testament prophets defended the poor and powerless "and inspire Catholic Social Teaching on the preferential option for the poor, workers’ rights, and justice and peace."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ongoing_prophecy">Ongoing prophecy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ongoing prophecy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mattia_Preti_-_San_Giovanni_Battista_Predicazione.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mattia_Preti_-_San_Giovanni_Battista_Predicazione.jpg/220px-Mattia_Preti_-_San_Giovanni_Battista_Predicazione.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mattia_Preti_-_San_Giovanni_Battista_Predicazione.jpg/330px-Mattia_Preti_-_San_Giovanni_Battista_Predicazione.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mattia_Preti_-_San_Giovanni_Battista_Predicazione.jpg/440px-Mattia_Preti_-_San_Giovanni_Battista_Predicazione.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="4286" /></a><figcaption><i>St. John the Baptist Preaching</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1665</span>, by <a href="/wiki/Mattia_Preti" title="Mattia Preti">Mattia Preti</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Christians who believe that the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> continues to give <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_gifts" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual gifts">spiritual gifts</a> to Christians are known as <a href="/wiki/Cessationism_versus_continuationism" title="Cessationism versus continuationism">continuationists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellini2015_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellini2015-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DawsonHornbacher2019_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DawsonHornbacher2019-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These charismata may include prophecy, <a href="/wiki/Glossolalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossolalia">tongues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">miraculous healing</a> ability, and discernment (Matthew 12:32 KJV "Whosoever speaketh a word against the Son of Man, it shall be forgiven him: but whosoever speaketh against the Holy Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, neither in the world to come.").<sup id="cite_ref-DawsonHornbacher2019_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DawsonHornbacher2019-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cessationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cessationism">Cessationists</a> believe that these gifts were given only in New Testament times and that they ceased after the last <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostle</a> died.<sup id="cite_ref-DawsonHornbacher2019_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DawsonHornbacher2019-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Last_prophet" title="Last prophet">last prophet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Covenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Covenant">Old Covenant</a> before the arrival of Jesus is <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacArthur2006_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacArthur2006-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> passages that explicitly discuss prophets existing after the death and resurrection of <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> include <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a> 11:10,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a> 10:40–41 and 23:34,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a> 13:20 and 15:20<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a> 11:25–30, 13:1 and 15:32.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></i> gives extensive instruction in how to distinguish between true and false prophets, as well as commands regarding tithes to prophets in the church.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a>, wrote of 2nd-century believers with the gift of prophecy,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a> argued in his <i>Dialogue with Trypho</i> that prophets were not found among the Jews in his time, but that the church had prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd_of_Hermas" title="The Shepherd of Hermas">The Shepherd of Hermas</a></i> describes revelation in a vision regarding the proper operation of prophecy in the church.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eusebius_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusebius of Caesarea">Eusebius</a> mentions that <a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus</a> and Ammia of <a href="/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir">Philadelphia</a> were both prominent prophets following the age of the Twelve Apostles.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a>, writing of the church meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanists</a> (to whom he belonged), described in detail the practice of prophecy in the 2nd-century church.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of later Christian saints were said to have powers of prophecy, such as <a href="/wiki/Columba_of_Iona" class="mw-redirect" title="Columba of Iona">Columba of Iona</a> (521–597), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Malachy" title="Saint Malachy">Saint Malachy</a> (1094–1148) or <a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Padre Pio</a> (1887–1968).<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparitions</a> like those at <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1tima,_Portugal" title="Fátima, Portugal">Fatima</a> in 1917 or at <a href="/wiki/Kibeho" title="Kibeho">Kibeho</a> in Rwanda in the 1980s often included prophetic predictions regarding the future of the world as well as of the local areas they occurred in.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prophetic movements in particular can be traced throughout the Christian Church's history, expressing themselves in (for example) <a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novatianism" title="Novatianism">Novatianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donatism" title="Donatism">Donatism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camisard" class="mw-redirect" title="Camisard">Camisard</a> enthusiasm, <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Quakerism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quietism_(Christian_philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quietism (Christian philosophy)">Quietism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a>. Modern Pentecostals and Charismatics, members of movements which together comprised approximately 584 million people as of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> believe in the contemporary function of the gift of prophecy, and some in these movements, especially those within the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic-Prophetic_Movement" title="Apostolic-Prophetic Movement">Apostolic-Prophetic Movement</a>, allow for idea that God may continue to gift the church with some individuals who are prophets. </p><p>Some Christian sects recognize the existence of "modern-day" prophets. One such denomination is <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, which teaches that God still communicates with humankind through prophecy.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latter_Day_Saint_movement">Latter Day Saint movement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Latter Day Saint movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Smith,_Jr._portrait_owned_by_Joseph_Smith_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Joseph_Smith%2C_Jr._portrait_owned_by_Joseph_Smith_III.jpg/170px-Joseph_Smith%2C_Jr._portrait_owned_by_Joseph_Smith_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Joseph_Smith%2C_Jr._portrait_owned_by_Joseph_Smith_III.jpg/255px-Joseph_Smith%2C_Jr._portrait_owned_by_Joseph_Smith_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Joseph_Smith%2C_Jr._portrait_owned_by_Joseph_Smith_III.jpg/340px-Joseph_Smith%2C_Jr._portrait_owned_by_Joseph_Smith_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>A portrait of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Prophet,_seer,_and_revelator" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophet, seer, and revelator">Prophet, seer, and revelator</a>; <a href="/wiki/List_of_Book_of_Mormon_prophets" title="List of Book of Mormon prophets">List of Book of Mormon prophets</a>; <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Church" title="President of the Church">President of the Church</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Revelation_(Latter_Day_Saints)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation (Latter Day Saints)">Revelation (Latter Day Saints)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>, who established the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)">Church of Christ</a> in 1830, is considered a prophet by members of the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a>, of which <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church) is the largest denomination. Additionally, many churches within the movement believe in a succession of modern prophets (accepted by Latter Day Saints as "<a href="/wiki/Prophet,_seer,_and_revelator" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophet, seer, and revelator">prophets, seers, and revelators</a>") since the time of Joseph Smith. <a href="/wiki/Russell_M._Nelson" title="Russell M. Nelson">Russell M. Nelson</a> is the current Prophet and President of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adventism">Adventism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adventism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptist</a> preacher <a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(preacher)" title="William Miller (preacher)">William Miller</a> is credited with beginning the mid-19th century North American religious movement now known as <a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a>. He announced a <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a>, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Disappointment" title="Great Disappointment">Great Disappointment</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Seventh-day_Adventist">Seventh-day Adventist</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Seventh-day Adventist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inspiration_of_Ellen_G._White" title="Inspiration of Ellen G. White">Inspiration of Ellen G. White</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>, which was established in 1863, believes that <a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White</a>, one of the church's founders, was given the <a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_Prophecy_(Adventist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit of Prophecy (Adventist)">spiritual gift of prophecy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Branch_Davidians">Branch Davidians</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Branch Davidians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Branch_Davidians" title="Branch Davidians">Branch Davidians</a> are a religious cult which was founded in 1959 by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Roden" title="Benjamin Roden">Benjamin Roden</a> as an offshoot of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. <a href="/wiki/David_Koresh" title="David Koresh">David Koresh</a>, who died in the <a href="/wiki/Waco_Siege" class="mw-redirect" title="Waco Siege">Waco Siege</a> in 1993, called himself their final prophet and <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_claimed_to_be_Jesus#20th_century" title="List of people claimed to be Jesus">"the Son of God, the Lamb"</a> in 1983. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Manichaeism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mani_(prophet)" title="Mani (prophet)">Mani (prophet)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Mani_(cleaned_up)._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani,_possibly_3rd_century_CE,_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles,_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Seal_of_Mani_%28cleaned_up%29._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani%2C_possibly_3rd_century_CE%2C_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris.jpg/220px-Seal_of_Mani_%28cleaned_up%29._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani%2C_possibly_3rd_century_CE%2C_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Seal_of_Mani_%28cleaned_up%29._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani%2C_possibly_3rd_century_CE%2C_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris.jpg/330px-Seal_of_Mani_%28cleaned_up%29._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani%2C_possibly_3rd_century_CE%2C_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Seal_of_Mani_%28cleaned_up%29._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani%2C_possibly_3rd_century_CE%2C_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris.jpg/440px-Seal_of_Mani_%28cleaned_up%29._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani%2C_possibly_3rd_century_CE%2C_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sealstone_of_Mani" title="Sealstone of Mani">Sealstone of Mani</a>, rock crystal, possibly 3rd century AD, Iraq. <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet des Médailles">Cabinet des Médailles</a>, Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-SPL160_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPL160-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seal reads <i>"Mani, messenger of the messiah"</i>, and may have been used by Mani himself to sign his epistles.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mani_(prophet)" title="Mani (prophet)">Mani</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مانی</span>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> April AD 216</span>–2 March AD 274 or 26 February AD 277) was an <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prophet and the founder of <a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a>, a religion most prevalent in <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">late antiquity</a>. </p><p>Mani was born in or near <a href="/wiki/Seleucia-Ctesiphon" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucia-Ctesiphon">Seleucia-Ctesiphon</a> (south of modern <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ICS_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICS-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the time part of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Seven_Scriptures_of_Mani" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Scriptures of Mani">Seven of his major works</a> were written in <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>, and the eighth, dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a>, was written in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Henning_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henning-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in <a href="/wiki/Gundeshapur" title="Gundeshapur">Gundeshapur</a>. </p><p>Manichaeism teaches an elaborate <a href="/wiki/Dualistic_cosmology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dualistic cosmology">dualistic cosmology</a> describing the <a href="/wiki/Conflict_between_good_and_evil" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflict between good and evil">struggle</a> between a <a href="/wiki/Goodness_and_value_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodness and value theory">good</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">spiritual</a> world of <a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Evil" title="Evil">evil</a>, material world of <a href="/wiki/Darkness" title="Darkness">darkness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through an ongoing process that takes place in human history, light is gradually removed from the world of matter and returned to the world of light, whence it came. Mani's teaching was intended to "combine",<sup id="cite_ref-Turner-1993_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner-1993-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> succeed, and surpass the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcionism" title="Marcionism">Marcionism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Turner-1993_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner-1993-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostic movements</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Ancient Greek religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">other Mesopotamian religions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">mystery cults</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkins-2001_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkins-2001-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arendzen-1910-1_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arendzen-1910-1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It reveres Mani as the final prophet after <a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>. </p><p>Manichaeism was quickly successful and spread far through <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>-speaking regions.<sup id="cite_ref-BeDuhnMirecki2007_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeDuhnMirecki2007-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It thrived between the third and seventh centuries, and at its height was one of the most widespread religions in the world. Manichaean churches and scriptures existed as far east as the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> and as far west as the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was briefly the main rival to <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christianity</a> in the competition to replace classical <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheism</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">spread of Islam</a>. Under the Roman <a href="/wiki/Dominate" title="Dominate">Dominate</a>, Manichaeism was persecuted by the Roman state and was eventually stamped out in the Roman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While most of Manichaeism's original writings have been lost, numerous translations and fragmentary texts have survived.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manichaeism has survived longer in the east than it did in the west. Although it was thought to have finally faded away after the 14th century in <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South China</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contemporary to the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming China</a>, there is a growing corpus of evidence that shows Manichaeism persists in some areas of China, especially in <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Li-2004_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li-2004-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chen-2004_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen-2004-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where numerous Manichaean relics have been discovered over time. The currently known sects are notably secretive and protective of their belief system, in an effort to remain undetected. This stems from fears relating to persecution and suppression during various periods of Chinese history.<sup id="cite_ref-Clarence,_2021_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarence,_2021-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets and messengers in Islam</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;font-size:88%; line-height:200%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basmala.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim"><img alt="Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Basmala.svg/200px-Basmala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Basmala.svg/300px-Basmala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Basmala.svg/400px-Basmala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="119" /></a></span><br /><span style="font-size:110%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:220%;"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Islamic prophets</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets in the Quran</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><small>Listed by Islamic name and Biblical name.</small> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">ʾĀdam</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">ʾIdrīs</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nūḥ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hūd</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saleh_(prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleh (prophet)">Ṣāliḥ</a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Selah_(biblical_figure)" title="Selah (biblical figure)">Selah</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">ʾIbrāhīm</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lūṭ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">ʾIsmāʿīl</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">ʾIsḥāq</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaʿqūb</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yūsuf</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayūb</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuʿayb</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jethro_(biblical_figure)" title="Jethro (biblical figure)">Jethro</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Mūsā</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Hārūn</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Kifl" title="Dhu al-Kifl">Dhu al-Kifl</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dāūd</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulaymān</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Yūnus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah in Islam">ʾIlyās</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elisha_in_Islam" title="Elisha in Islam">Alyasaʿ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_in_Islam" title="Zechariah in Islam">Zakarīya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist_in_Islam" title="John the Baptist in Islam">Yaḥyā</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muḥammad</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>)</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Main events</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qisas_al-Anbiya" title="Qisas al-Anbiya">Stories of the Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Ya-Sin" title="People of Ya-Sin">The Three Messengers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)">Views</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations#Other_prophets" title="Islamic–Jewish relations">Jews, Christians, and Muslims prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic prophets</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="background:white; padding:0 5px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_prophets" title="Template:Islamic prophets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_prophets" title="Template talk:Islamic prophets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_prophets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic prophets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> identifies a number of men as "<a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Islam">Prophets of Islam</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">نبي</span> <i>nabī</i>; pl. <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أنبياء</span></span> <i>anbiyāʾ</i>). <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> believe such individuals were assigned a special mission by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a> to guide humanity. Besides <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a>, this includes prophets such as <a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Abraham (<i>Ibrāhīm</i>)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Moses (<i>Mūsā</i>)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Jesus (<i>ʿĪsā</i>)</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh,_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png/220px-Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png/330px-Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png/440px-Rashid_al-Din_Tabib_-_Jami_al-Tawarikh%2C_f.45v_detail_-_c._1306-15.png 2x" data-file-width="5877" data-file-height="4374" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_Muhammad" title="Depictions of Muhammad">depiction of Muhammad</a> receiving his first revelation from the angel Gabriel. From the manuscript <i><a href="/wiki/Jami%27_al-tawarikh" title="Jami' al-tawarikh">Jami' al-tawarikh</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Rashid-al-Din_Hamadani" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid-al-Din Hamadani">Rashid-al-Din Hamadani</a>, 1307, <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> period.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although only twenty-five prophets<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_named_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets and messengers named in the Quran">mentioned by name in the Quran</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> (no. 21257 in <i><a href="/wiki/Musnad_Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentions that there were (more or less) 124,000 prophets in total throughout history. Other traditions place the number of prophets at 224,000. Some scholars hold that there are an even greater number in the history of humankind, and only God knows.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Quran says that God has sent a prophet to every group of people throughout time and that Muhammad is the last of the prophets, sent for the whole of humankind.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The message of all the prophets is believed to be the same. In Islam, all prophetic messengers are prophets (such as <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>) though not all prophets are prophetic messengers. The primary distinction is that a prophet is required to demonstrate God's law through his actions, character, and behavior without necessarily calling people to follow him, while a prophetic messenger is required to pronounce God's law (i.e. revelation) and call his people to submit and follow him. Muhammad is distinguished from the rest of the prophetic messengers and prophets in that God commissioned him to be the prophetic messenger to all of humankind. Many of these prophets are also found in the texts of Judaism (The Torah, the Prophets, and the Writings) and Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muslims often refer to Muhammad as "the Prophet", in the form of a noun.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus is the result of a <a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">virgin birth</a> in Islam as in Christianity, and is regarded as a prophet.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, four prophets are believed to have been sent <a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">holy books</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Torah_in_Islam" title="Torah in Islam">Torah (<i>Tawrat</i>)</a> to Moses, the <a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Psalms (<i>Zābūr</i>)</a> to David, the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Gospel(<i>Injil</i>)</a> to Jesus, and the Quran to Muhammad; those prophets are considered "Messengers" or <i>rasūl</i>. Other main prophets are considered messengers or <i>nabī</i>, even if they didn't receive a Book from God. Examples include the messenger-prophets <a href="/wiki/Aaron#Islam" title="Aaron">Aaron (<i>Hārūn</i>)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ishmael (<i>Ismāʿīl</i>)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Joseph (<i>Yūsuf</i>)</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although it offers many incidents from the lives of many prophets, the Quran focuses with special narrative and rhetorical emphasis on the careers of the first four of these five major prophets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2023)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> Of all the figures before Muhammad, the significance of Jesus in Islam is reflected in his being mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> in 93 <a href="/wiki/Ayah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayah">verses</a> with various titles attached such as "Son of <a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Mary</a>" and other relational terms, mentioned directly and indirectly, over 187 times.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is thus <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_mentioned_by_name_in_the_Quran#Prophets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people mentioned by name in the Quran">the most mentioned person</a> in the Quran by reference; 25 times by the name Isa, third-person 48 times, first-person 35 times, and the rest as titles and attributes.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moses (<i>Musa</i>) and Abraham (<i>Ibrahim</i>) are also referred to frequently in the Quran. As for the fifth, the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> is frequently addressed directly to Muhammad, and it often discusses situations encountered by him. Direct use of his name in the text, however, is rare. Rarer still is the mention of Muhammad's contemporaries. </p><p>Several prominent exponents of the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a> <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Ismaili</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Imams</a> explained that throughout history there have been six enunciators (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">natiqs</i></span>) who brought the exoteric (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Zahir_(Islam)" title="Zahir (Islam)">zahir</a></i></span>) revelation to humans, namely: <a href="/wiki/Adam_(prophet_of_Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam (prophet of Islam)">Adam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Noah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Moses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. They speak of a seventh enunciator (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">natiq</i></span>), the Resurrector (Qa’im), who will unveil the esoteric (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Batin_(Islam)" title="Batin (Islam)">batin</a></i></span>) meaning of all the previous revelations. He is believed to be the pinnacle and purpose of creation. The enunciators (sing. <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">natiq</i></span>) who are the Prophets and the <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Imams</a> in their respective times, are the highest hierarch (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">hadd</i></span>). The enunciators (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">natiqs</i></span>) signal the beginning of a new age (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">dawr</i></span>) in humankind, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Imams</a> unveil and present the esoteric (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Batin_(Islam)" title="Batin (Islam)">batin</a></i></span>) meaning of the revelation to the people. These individuals are both known as the ‘Lord of the Age’ (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">sahib al-’asr</i></span>) or the ‘Lord of the Time’ (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">sahib al-zaman</i></span>). Through them, one can know God, and their invitation to humans to recognize God is called the invitation (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Dawah" title="Dawah">da’wa</a></i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>, all Prophets and <a href="/wiki/Shia_Imams" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia Imams">Imams</a> are <a href="/wiki/Infallible" class="mw-redirect" title="Infallible">infallible</a> and the belief in their abstinence from intentional and unintentional sins is a part of the creed. Thus, it is accordingly believed that they are the examples to be followed and that they act as they preach. This belief includes some <a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">ʾAwliyāʾ</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Shia_view_of_Fatimah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia view of Fatimah">Lady Fatima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Lady Mary</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ahmadiyya"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prophethood_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)">Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_(c._1897).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_%28c._1897%29.jpg/170px-Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_%28c._1897%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_%28c._1897%29.jpg/255px-Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_%28c._1897%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_%28c._1897%29.jpg/340px-Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_%28c._1897%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1475" data-file-height="2127" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirzā Ghulām Aḥmad</a> (1835–1908), a religious leader from <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a>, and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Upal_2021_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upal_2021-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korbel-Preckel_2016-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>During his lifetime, <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirzā Ghulām Aḥmad</a> said that he was a <a href="/wiki/Prophethood_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)">prophet</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a> and became the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Upal_2021_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upal_2021-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korbel-Preckel_2016-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which embodied the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdī</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-Upal_2021_115-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upal_2021-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korbel-Preckel_2016-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fulfilled the messianic prophecies regarding the coming of a <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">savior</a> to various other religious traditions, including <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Upal_2021_115-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upal_2021-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Followers of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam</a> believe that Mirzā Ghulām Aḥmad was a <a href="/wiki/Prophethood_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)">prophet</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Upal_2021_115-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upal_2021-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_116-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korbel-Preckel_2016-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who is said to be a fulfillment of the various Islamic prophecies regarding the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">second advent</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</a></i>) before the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">end of time</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Upal_2021_115-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upal_2021-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_116-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korbel-Preckel_2016-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahmadi thought emphasizes the belief that Islam is the final dispensation for humanity as revealed to Muhammad and the necessity of restoring it to its true intent and pristine form, which had been lost through the centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Valentine_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valentine-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its adherents consider Ahmad to have appeared as the Mahdi—bearing the qualities of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Jesus</a> in accordance with their reading of scriptural prophecies—to revitalize Islam and set in motion its moral system that would bring about lasting peace.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They believe that upon divine guidance he purged Islam of foreign accretions in belief and practice by championing what is, in their view, Islam's original precepts as practised by Muhammad and the <a href="/wiki/Sahabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahabah">early Muslim community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadis thus view themselves as leading the propagation and renaissance of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-Valentine_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valentine-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Druze_faith">Druze faith</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Druze faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> faith, seven spokesmen or prophets are considered and revered as messengers or intermediaries between God and mankind. These prophets include <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Muhammad ibn Isma'il">Muhammad ibn Isma'il</a>. Each of them was sent in a different period of history to preach the message of God.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hitti_1928_37_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitti_1928_37-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dana_2008_17_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana_2008_17-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Druze believe that each spokesman or prophet (<i>natiq</i>) has a "foundation" or "guardian" who is responsible for the esoteric, interpretative law, while the spokesman or prophet himself presents the apparent, <a href="/wiki/Religious_law" title="Religious law">obligatory law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahmut_2023_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahmut_2023-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first prophet was Adam, whose foundation was <a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a>, although Adam did not have a mandate to introduce a law. Noah followed with a <a href="/wiki/Religious_law" title="Religious law">new law</a>, superseding Adam's teachings, and his foundation was <a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a>. Then came Abraham, with <a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a> as his foundation, and <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, whose foundation was <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a> son of <a href="/wiki/Nun_(biblical_figure)" title="Nun (biblical figure)">Nun</a> after <a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a>'s death. Jesus followed, with <a href="/wiki/Simon_Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Peter">Simon Peter</a> as his foundation, and finally, Muhammad, with <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a> as his foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahmut_2023_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahmut_2023-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last figure is <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahdi_Billah" title="Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah">Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a>, whose foundation was al-Qaddah. With <a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Ali" title="Hamza ibn Ali">Hamza ibn Ali</a>, the prophet of <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">al-Hakim</a>, a new era began, introducing a new law called the "Law of Tawhid" (Unification) or the "Third Path," which superseded all previous laws. Hamza ibn Ali was assisted by four boundaries mentioned in their tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahmut_2023_126-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahmut_2023-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baháʼí_Faith"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.CA.BC.C3.AD_Faith"></span>Baháʼí Faith</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Baháʼí Faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Manifestation_of_God_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith)" title="Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)">Manifestation of God (Baháʼí Faith)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_(M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD)_in_1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_%28M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD%29_in_1868.jpg/170px-Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_%28M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD%29_in_1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_%28M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD%29_in_1868.jpg/255px-Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_%28M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD%29_in_1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_%28M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD%29_in_1868.jpg/340px-Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_%28M%C3%ADrz%C3%A1_%E1%B8%A4usayn-%60Al%C3%AD_N%C3%BAr%C3%AD%29_in_1868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="1332" /></a><figcaption>Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> refers to what are commonly called prophets as "Manifestations of God" who are directly linked with the concept of <a href="/wiki/Progressive_revelation_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Progressive revelation (Baháʼí)">progressive revelation</a>. Baháʼís believe that the will of God is expressed at all times and in many ways, including through a series of divine messengers referred to as "Manifestations of God" or "divine educators".<sup id="cite_ref-eor_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eor-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In expressing God's intent, these Manifestations are seen to establish religion in the world. Thus they are seen as an intermediary between God and humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-manifestation_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manifestation-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Manifestations of God are not seen as incarnations of God, and are also not seen as ordinary mortals. Instead, the Baháʼí concept of the Manifestation of God emphasizes simultaneously the humanity of that intermediary and the divinity in the way they show forth the will, knowledge and attributes of God; thus they have both human and divine stations.<sup id="cite_ref-manifestation_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manifestation-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the Manifestations of God, there are also minor prophets. While the Manifestations of God, or major prophets, are compared to the Sun (which produces its own heat and light), minor prophets are compared to the Moon (which receives its light from the sun). Moses, for example, is taught as having been a Manifestation of God and his brother Aaron a minor prophet. Moses spoke on behalf of God, and Aaron spoke on behalf of Moses (<a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a> 4:14–17).<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Jewish prophets are considered minor prophets, as they are considered to have come in the shadow of the dispensation of Moses to develop and consolidate the process he set in motion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Native_Americans">Native Americans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Native Americans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Native_Americans" title="Baháʼí Faith and Native Americans">Baháʼí Faith and Native Americans</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Prophet" title="Special:EditPage/Prophet">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Prophet%22">"Prophet"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Prophet%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Prophet%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Prophet%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Prophet%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Prophet%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Peacemaker" title="Great Peacemaker">Great Peacemaker</a> (sometimes referred to as <i>Deganawida</i> or <i>Dekanawida</i>) co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois#Iroquois_Confederacy" title="Iroquois">Haudenosaunee league</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">pre-Columbian</a> times. In retrospect, his <a href="/wiki/Great_Peacemaker#Prophecy_of_the_boy_seer" title="Great Peacemaker">prophecy of the boy seer</a> could appear to refer to the conflict between natives and Europeans (white serpent). </p><p>From 1805 until the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tippecanoe" title="Battle of Tippecanoe">Battle of Tippecanoe</a> that falsified his predictions in 1811, the "<a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> prophet" <a href="/wiki/Tenskwatawa" title="Tenskwatawa">Tenskwatawa</a> led an Indian alliance to stop Europeans from taking more and more land going west. He reported <a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">visions</a> he had. He is said to have accurately predicted a <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">solar eclipse</a>. His brother <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh" title="Tecumseh">Tecumseh</a> re-established the alliance for <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_War" title="Tecumseh's War">Tecumseh's War</a>, that ended with the latter's death in 1813. Tecumseh fought together with British forces that, in the area of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, occupied essentially today's territory of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Francis_(Hillis_Hadjo)" title="Josiah Francis (Hillis Hadjo)">Francis the Prophet</a>, influenced by Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa, was a leader of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Stick" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Stick">Red Stick</a> faction of the <a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Creek</a> Indians. He traveled to England in 1815 as a representative of the "four Indian nations" in an unsuccessful attempt to get Great Britain to help them resist the expansionism of the white settlers. </p><p>20 years later (1832), <a href="/wiki/Wabokieshiek" title="Wabokieshiek">Wabokieshiek</a>, the "<a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk" title="Ho-Chunk">Winnebago</a> Prophet", after whom <a href="/wiki/Prophetstown,_Illinois" title="Prophetstown, Illinois">Prophetstown</a> has been named, (also called "White Cloud") said that British forces would support the Indians in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War" title="Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a> against the United States as 20 years earlier (based on "visions"). They did not, and he was no longer considered a "prophet". </p><p>In 1869, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Paiute" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Paiute">Paiute</a> <a href="/wiki/Wodziwob" title="Wodziwob">Wodziwob</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dance</a> movement. The dance rituals were an occasion to announce his visions of an earthquake that would swallow the whites. He seems to have died in 1872. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Paiute" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Paiute">Northern Paiute</a> <a href="/wiki/Wovoka" title="Wovoka">Wovoka</a> said he had a vision during the <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">solar eclipse</a> of January 1, 1889, that the Paiute dead would come back and the whites would vanish from America, provided the natives performed <a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dances</a>. This idea spread among other Native American peoples. The government were worried about a rebellion and sent troops, which lead to the death of <a href="/wiki/Sitting_Bull" title="Sitting Bull">Sitting Bull</a> and to the <a href="/wiki/Wounded_Knee_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Wounded Knee massacre">Wounded Knee massacre</a> in 1890. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thelema">Thelema</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Thelema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleister_Crowley,_Magus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Crowley wearing ceremonial garb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/Aleister_Crowley%2C_Magus.png/220px-Aleister_Crowley%2C_Magus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/Aleister_Crowley%2C_Magus.png/330px-Aleister_Crowley%2C_Magus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/Aleister_Crowley%2C_Magus.png/440px-Aleister_Crowley%2C_Magus.png 2x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="1104" /></a><figcaption>Crowley as Prophet of the <a href="/wiki/Aeon_(Thelema)#Aeon_of_Horus" title="Aeon (Thelema)">Aeon of Horus</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Stele_of_Revealing" class="mw-redirect" title="Stele of Revealing">Stele of Revealing</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_the_Law" title="The Book of the Law">The Book of the Law</a></i>, 1912</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a> (1875–1947) was an English <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occultist</a>, philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">ceremonial magician</a>, poet, painter, novelist and <a href="/wiki/Mountaineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountaineer">mountaineer</a>. He founded the religion of <a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a>, identifying himself as the prophet entrusted with guiding humanity into the <a href="/wiki/%C3%86on_of_Horus" class="mw-redirect" title="Æon of Horus">Æon of Horus</a> in the early 20th century. A prolific writer, he published widely over the course of his life. </p><p>According to Crowley's later statements, on 8 April he heard a disembodied voice identifying itself as that of <a href="/wiki/Aiwass" title="Aiwass">Aiwass</a>, the messenger of Horus, or <a href="/wiki/Heru-ra-ha" title="Heru-ra-ha">Hoor-Paar-Kraat</a>. Crowley said that he wrote down everything the voice told him over the course of the next three days, and titled it <i>Liber AL vel Legis</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_the_Law" title="The Book of the Law">The Book of the Law</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBooth2000184–88Sutin2000122–25Kaczynski2010127–29_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBooth2000184–88Sutin2000122–25Kaczynski2010127–29-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book proclaimed that humanity was entering a new <a href="/wiki/Aeon_(Thelema)" title="Aeon (Thelema)">Aeon</a>, and that Crowley would serve as its prophet. It stated that a supreme moral law was to be introduced in this Aeon, "Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law," and that people should learn to live in tune with their Will. This book, and the philosophy that it espoused, became the cornerstone of Crowley's religion, <a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBooth2000184–88Sutin2000125–33_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBooth2000184–88Sutin2000125–33-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1924, Crowley traveled to <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> for a magical retreat in <a href="/wiki/Nefta" class="mw-redirect" title="Nefta">Nefta</a>, where he also wrote <i>To Man</i> (1924), a declaration of his own status as a prophet entrusted with bringing Thelema to humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBooth2000412–17Sutin2000319–20Kaczynski2010413–15Churton2011287–88_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBooth2000412–17Sutin2000319–20Kaczynski2010413–15Churton2011287–88-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crowley believed that the twentieth century marked humanity's entry to the Aeon of Horus, a new era in which humans would take increasing control of their destiny. He believed that this Aeon follows on from the Aeon of Osiris, in which paternalistic religions like Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism dominated the world, and that this in turn had followed the Aeon of Isis, which was maternalistic and dominated by goddess worship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrury2012210Doyle_White20163_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrury2012210Doyle_White20163-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believed that Thelema was the proper religion of the Aeon of Horus,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsprem201388_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsprem201388-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also deemed himself to be the prophet of this new Aeon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDjurdjevic201451_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDjurdjevic201451-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thelema revolves around the idea that human beings each have their own <a href="/wiki/True_Will" title="True Will">True Will</a> that they should discover and pursue, and that this exists in harmony with the Cosmic Will that pervades the universe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutton1999174Drury2012209_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutton1999174Drury2012209-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crowley referred to this process of searching and discovery of one's True Will to be "the <a href="/wiki/Great_Work_(Thelema)" title="Great Work (Thelema)">Great Work</a>" or the attaining of the "<a href="/wiki/Bornless_Ritual" title="Bornless Ritual">knowledge and conversation of the Holy Guardian Angel</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsprem201388–89_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsprem201388–89-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His favoured method of doing so was through the performance of the Abramelin operation, a ceremonial magic ritual obtained from a 17th-century grimoire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsprem201389_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsprem201389-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The moral code of "Do What Thou Wilt" is believed by Thelemites to be the religion's ethical law, although the historian of religion Marco Pasi noted that this was not <a href="/wiki/Anarchistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchistic">anarchistic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Libertarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian">libertarian</a> in structure, as Crowley saw individuals as part of a wider societal organism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPasi201449_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPasi201449-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secular_usage">Secular usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Secular usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The designation of "<a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> prophet" has been used in reference to cultural critics of the era, such as <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commentators who suggest escalating crisis are often called <i>prophets of doom.</i><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scientists analyzing data to forecast future events can also be considered prophets in a secular sense. In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Druyan" title="Ann Druyan">Ann Druyan</a> stated that, "The only prophets that I’m really impressed by are the climate scientists of the past seventy years." She included her late husband, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a>, among the modern-day prophets, with the disclaimer that "[a] lot of the things that he speculated about haven’t turned out to be true, but all those people are human. They were just using their knowledge and their intelligence to make good guesses."<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unfulfilled_Watch_Tower_Society_predictions" title="Unfulfilled Watch Tower Society predictions">Unfulfilled Watch Tower Society predictions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a>: 𐭌𐭀𐭍𐭉/𐭬𐭠𐭭𐭩/𐮋𐮀𐮌𐮈/𐬨𐬁𐬥𐬌/𐫖𐫀𐫗𐫏 <i>Māni</i>, <a href="/wiki/New_Persian" title="New Persian">New Persian</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">مانی</span></span></span></span> <i>Māni</i>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">摩尼</span></span></span></span> <i>Móní</i>, <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> <i>Mānī</i>, <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Μάνης</span></span>, Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Manes</i></span></i>; also <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Μανιχαῖος</span></span>, Latin <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Manichaeus</i></span></i>, from Syriac <span title="Syriac-language text"><span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܡܐܢܝ ܚܝܐ</span></span> <i>Mānī ḥayyā</i> "Living Mani"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoyce2001">Boyce 2001</a>, p. 111: "He was Iranian, of noble Parthian blood..."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreedictionary.com/prophet">"prophet"</a>, <i>The Free Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-19</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Free+Dictionary&rft.atitle=prophet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2Fprophet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120628232343/http://mw1.m-w.com/dictionary/prophet">"prophet – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mw1.m-w.com/dictionary/prophet">the original</a> on 2012-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=prophet+%E2%80%93+Definition+from+the+Merriam-Webster+Online+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmw1.m-w.com%2Fdictionary%2Fprophet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming1993" class="citation journal cs1">Fleming, Daniel E. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43721226">"The Etymological Origins of the Hebrew nābîʾ: The One Who Invokes God"</a>. <i>The Catholic Biblical Quarterly</i>. <b>55</b> (2): 217–224. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43721226">43721226</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Catholic+Biblical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Etymological+Origins+of+the+Hebrew+n%C4%81b%C3%AE%CA%BE%3A+The+One+Who+Invokes+God&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=217-224&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43721226%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Daniel+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43721226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichter2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Richter, Thomas (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/nabu-e815710">"Nabû"</a>. <i>Brill’s New Pauly</i>. Brill<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nab%C3%BB&rft.btitle=Brill%E2%80%99s+New+Pauly&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fbrill-s-new-pauly%2Fnabu-e815710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/semitic.html">"Semitic Roots Appendix"</a>. <i>The American Heritage Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2019</span>. <q>nbʾ To name, proclaim, summon."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Semitic+Roots+Appendix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsemitic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p.1571, Alcalay. An alternative translation of this Hebrew word is derived from an Akkadian word "Nabu," meaning to call. The Hebrew "Navi" has a passive sense and means "the one who has been called" (see HALOT, p.661).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0518.htm#18">Deuteronomy 18:18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rashbam" title="Rashbam">Rashbam</a>'s comment to <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> 20:7.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0120.htm#7">Genesis 20:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaggs1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._W._F._Saggs" title="H. W. F. Saggs">Saggs, H. W. F.</a> (1988). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greatness_That_Was_Babylon" title="The Greatness That Was Babylon">The Greatness That Was Babylon</a></i> (rev. ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greatness+That+Was+Babylon&rft.edition=rev.&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Saggs&rft.aufirst=H.+W.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (March 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Westenholz-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Westenholz_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestenholz2002" class="citation journal cs1">Westenholz, Aage (2002). Hansen, Morgens Herman (ed.). "The Sumerian city-state: A comparative study of six city-state cultures: an investigation conducted by the Copenhagen Polis Center". <i>Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter</i> (27). Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzels Forlag, 23-42.: 34–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historisk-filosofiske+Skrifter&rft.atitle=The+Sumerian+city-state%3A+A+comparative+study+of+six+city-state+cultures%3A+an+investigation+conducted+by+the+Copenhagen+Polis+Center&rft.issue=27&rft.pages=34-35&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Westenholz&rft.aufirst=Aage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plamen Rusev, Mesalim, Lugal Na Kish: Politicheska Istoriia Na Ranen Shumer (XXVIII-XXVI V. Pr. N. E.), Faber, 2001 (in Bulgarian) Mesalim, Lugal of Kish. Political History of Early Sumer (XXVIII–XXVI century BC.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glassner1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-glassner1_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glassner, Jean-Jacques, 2000: Les petits etats Mésopotamiens à la fin du 4e et au cours du 3e millénaire. In: Hansen, Mogens Herman (ed.) A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures. The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen., P.48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyce200126-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyce200126_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoyce2001">Boyce (2001)</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyce19841-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyce19841_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoyce1984">Boyce (1984)</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaunders2002" class="citation book cs1">Saunders, John Joseph (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_d2KAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT30">"II The Prophet"</a>. <i>A History of Medieval Islam</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-93005-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-93005-0"><bdi>978-1-134-93005-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=II+The+Prophet&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Medieval+Islam&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-134-93005-0&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=John+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_d2KAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKriwaczek2003-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKriwaczek2003_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKriwaczek2003_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKriwaczek2003">Kriwaczek (2003)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevitin2015" class="citation book cs1">Levitin, Dmitri (2015). <i>Ancient Wisdom in the Age of the New Science: Histories of Philosophy in England, C. 1640-1700</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1107105881" title="Special:BookSources/978-1107105881"><bdi>978-1107105881</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Wisdom+in+the+Age+of+the+New+Science%3A+Histories+of+Philosophy+in+England%2C+C.+1640-1700&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1107105881&rft.aulast=Levitin&rft.aufirst=Dmitri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. “If anyone comes to me and does not hate father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters—yes, even their own life—such a person cannot be my [<a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>] disciple.” (<a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> 14:26)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Deuteronomy.34.10">"Deuteronomy 34:10"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Deuteronomy+34%3A10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FDeuteronomy.34.10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaimonides" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maimonedes#The_13_principles_of_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Maimonedes"><i>13 principles of faith</i></a>, 7th principle</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=13+principles+of+faith&rft.pages=7th+principle&rft.au=Maimonides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Numbers%2011:25–26&version=nrsv">Numbers 11:25–26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Numbers%2011:29&version=nrsv">Numbers 11:29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>All the Parables of the Bible</i>, Herbert Lockyer, Zondervan, 1963.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremiah 35:13–16, <i>The Jewish Study Bible</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Commentary on Jeremiah 35, <i>The Jewish Study Bible</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremiah 13, <i>The Jewish Study Bible</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cj13-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cj13_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Commentary on Jeremiah 13, Jeremiah, The Anchor Bible, Doubleday, 1984</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremiah, Lamentations, Tremper Longman, Hendrickson Publishers, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremiah 19, <i>The Jewish Study Bible</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremiah 27–28, <i>The Jewish Study Bible</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Isaiah 20, <i>The Jewish Study Bible</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ezekiel 4, <i>The Jewish Study Bible</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Commentary on Jeremiah, The Jewish Study Bible, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Isaiah (Commentary), John Goldingay, Hendrickson, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Commentary on Isaiah 6:8–13, The Jewish Study Bible, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">’’Jeremiah (Prophet)’’, The Anchor Bible Dictionary Volume 3, Doubleday, 1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremiah 1:19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">’’Jeremiah, Lamentations’’, F.B. Huey, Broadman Press, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremiah 12:6, The Jewish Study Bible, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremiah 20:1–4, The Jewish Study Bible, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The NIV Study Bible, Zondervan, 1995, p. 1501</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremiah 37:18, Jeremiah 38:28, The Jewish Study Bible, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremiah 38:4, The Jewish Study Bible, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremiah 38:6, The Jewish Study Bible, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremiah 28, The Jewish Study Bible, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Isaiah 30:11, The Jewish Study Bible, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exodus 2, Exodus 10:28, The Jewish Study Bible, Oxford University Press, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt08a09.htm#9">1 Samuel 9:9</a>, Hebrew – English Bible</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Discussed more recently in Morris Silver, <i>Prophets and Markets: The Political Economy of Ancient Israel</i> (Dordrecht NL: Springer Science and Business Media, 2013), 154-75. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789400974180" title="Special:BookSources/9789400974180">9789400974180</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jfaq-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jfaq_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jfaq_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jfaq_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jfaq_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewfaq.org/prophet.htm">"Prophets and Prophecy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prophets+and+Prophecy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewfaq.org%2Fprophet.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rashi on Genesis 29:34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Isaiah-Chapter-8_Original-1611-KJV/">"1611 King James Bible: Book of Isaiah, chapter 8, verse 3-4"</a>. <i>kingjamesbibleonline.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170219105523/https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Isaiah-Chapter-8_Original-1611-KJV">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kingjamesbibleonline.org&rft.atitle=1611+King+James+Bible%3A+Book+of+Isaiah%2C+chapter+8%2C+verse+3-4.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingjamesbibleonline.org%2FIsaiah-Chapter-8_Original-1611-KJV%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span>: "And I went unto the prophetess; and she conceived, and bare a son. Then said the LORD to me, Call his name Mahershalalhashbaz."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0424.htm#1">Numbers 24:1–24:18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#14:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 14:1–7</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Kings#3:11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Kings">2 Kings 3:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nei2019-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nei2019_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNei2019" class="citation book cs1">Nei, Briana (25 January 2019). <i>Revealed in Ephesians: The Mystery of Who I Am in Christ</i>. WestBow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9736-4773-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9736-4773-7"><bdi>978-1-9736-4773-7</bdi></a>. <q>Anyone who contradicts scripture, preaches another gospel or denies the divinity of Christ is a false prophet. Paul said, "But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preached to you ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revealed+in+Ephesians%3A+The+Mystery+of+Who+I+Am+in+Christ&rft.pub=WestBow+Press&rft.date=2019-01-25&rft.isbn=978-1-9736-4773-7&rft.aulast=Nei&rft.aufirst=Briana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Deuteronomy#18:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy 18:21–22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Ezekiel#13:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Ezekiel">Ezekiel 13:3</a>, "Thus saith the Lord GOD; Woe unto the foolish prophets, that follow their own spirit, and have seen nothing!"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2021/12/01/advent-and-the-jewish-prophets/">Beutner, Dawn. "Advent and the Jewish Prophets", <i>The Catholic World Report</i>, December 1, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Catechism of the Catholic Church, §783</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CCC, 905</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usccb.org/offices/new-american-bible/roots-catholic-social-teaching-found-old-testament-prophets">Colecchi, D.Min., Stephen M., "Roots of Catholic Social Teaching Found in the Old Testament Prophets", USCCB</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bellini2015-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bellini2015_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellini2015" class="citation web cs1">Bellini, Peter (4 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seedbed.com/pentecostals-dont-have-a-copyright-on-the-holy-spirit/">"Pentecostals Don't Have a Copyright on the Holy Spirit (Part I)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pentecostals+Don%27t+Have+a+Copyright+on+the+Holy+Spirit+%28Part+I%29&rft.date=2015-09-04&rft.aulast=Bellini&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seedbed.com%2Fpentecostals-dont-have-a-copyright-on-the-holy-spirit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DawsonHornbacher2019-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DawsonHornbacher2019_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DawsonHornbacher2019_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DawsonHornbacher2019_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawsonHornbacher2019" class="citation book cs1">Dawson, Steve; Hornbacher, Mark (10 April 2019). <i>Ordinary Christians, Extraordinary Signs: Healing in Evangelization</i>. The Word Among Us Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59325-007-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59325-007-2"><bdi>978-1-59325-007-2</bdi></a>. <q>The Catholic Church is "continuationist," rather than "cessationist." What does that mean? Cessationism is the belief that the signs and wonders of the New Testament Church—the extraordinary spiritual gifts (charisms) like tongues, prophecy, or healing—were only intended for a time and ceased to be present in the Church after that period of time had elapsed. Continuationism, on the other hand, is the belief that the signs and wonders of the early Church have continued.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordinary+Christians%2C+Extraordinary+Signs%3A+Healing+in+Evangelization&rft.pub=The+Word+Among+Us+Press&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft.isbn=978-1-59325-007-2&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Hornbacher%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(cf. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#16:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 16:16</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacArthur2006-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacArthur2006_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_F._MacArthur2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_F._MacArthur" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. MacArthur">John F. MacArthur</a> (1 March 2006). <i>John 1-11 MacArthur New Testament Commentary</i>. Moody Publishers. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8024-8044-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8024-8044-6"><bdi>978-0-8024-8044-6</bdi></a>. <q>John the Baptist was the last prophet under the old covenant (Luke 16:16); Jesus came as the mediator of the new covenant (Heb. 8:6; 12:24), which He ratified by His sacrificial death (Luke 22:20; 1 Cor. 11:25).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+1-11+MacArthur+New+Testament+Commentary&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Moody+Publishers&rft.date=2006-03-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8024-8044-6&rft.au=John+F.+MacArthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#11:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 11:10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gospel of Matthew <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#10:40" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">10:40–41</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#23:34" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">23:34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gospel of John <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#13:20" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">13:20</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#15:20" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">15:20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acts of the Apostles <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#11:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">11:25–30</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#13:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">13:1</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#15:32" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">15:32</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/didache-roberts.html">"Early Christian Writings: Didache (Chapters 11–15)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+Christian+Writings%3A+Didache+%28Chapters+11%E2%80%9315%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlychristianwritings.com%2Ftext%2Fdidache-roberts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103506.htm">"<i>Against Heresies</i>, Book V Chapter 6.1"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Against+Heresies%2C+Book+V+Chapter+6.1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F0103506.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/justinmartyr-dialoguetrypho.html">"Early Christian Writings: <i>Dialogue with Trypho</i> (Chapter LXXXII)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+Christian+Writings%3A+Dialogue+with+Trypho+%28Chapter+LXXXII%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlychristianwritings.com%2Ftext%2Fjustinmartyr-dialoguetrypho.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/shepherd.html">"Early Christian Writings: Shepherd of Hermas (Eleventh Commandment)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+Christian+Writings%3A+Shepherd+of+Hermas+%28Eleventh+Commandment%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlychristianwritings.com%2Ftext%2Fshepherd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250103.htm">"<i>Ecclesiastical History</i>, Book III, Chapter 37.1"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecclesiastical+History%2C+Book+III%2C+Chapter+37.1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F250103.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250105.htm">"<i>Ecclesiastical History</i>, Book V, Chapter 17.2–4"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecclesiastical+History%2C+Book+V%2C+Chapter+17.2%E2%80%934&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F250105.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0310.htm">"<i>A Treatise on the Soul</i>, Chapter 9"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Treatise+on+the+Soul%2C+Chapter+9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F0310.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slife.org/prophet/">"Who Is a Prophet?"</a>. <i>The Spiritual Life</i>. 2019-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spiritual+Life&rft.atitle=Who+Is+a+Prophet%3F&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslife.org%2Fprophet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marianapparitions.org/marian_apparitions/index.html">"The Miracle Hunter : Marian Apparitions"</a>. <i>marianapparitions.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=marianapparitions.org&rft.atitle=The+Miracle+Hunter+%3A+Marian+Apparitions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarianapparitions.org%2Fmarian_apparitions%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923052427/http://www.brill.com/products/book/lay-prophets-lutheran-europe-c-1550-1700">"Jürgen Beyer, <i>Lay prophets in Lutheran Europe (c. 1550–1700)</i> (Brill's series in church history and religious culture 74), Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2017"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brill.com/products/book/lay-prophets-lutheran-europe-c-1550-1700">the original</a> on 2016-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J%C3%BCrgen+Beyer%2C+Lay+prophets+in+Lutheran+Europe+%28c.+1550%E2%80%931700%29+%28Brill%27s+series+in+church+history+and+religious+culture+74%29%2C+Leiden+%26+Boston%3A+Brill%2C+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brill.com%2Fproducts%2Fbook%2Flay-prophets-lutheran-europe-c-1550-1700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/"><i>Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population</i></a>, p. 67. See also <i>The New International Dictionary</i>, "Part II Global Statistics: A Massive Worldwide Phenomenon".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/mormon/beliefs/prophets.shtml">"BBC - Religions - Mormon: Living prophets"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+-+Religions+-+Mormon%3A+Living+prophets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Freligion%2Freligions%2Fmormon%2Fbeliefs%2Fprophets.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPL160-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SPL160_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrenet2022" class="citation book cs1">Grenet, Frantz (2022). <i>Splendeurs des oasis d'Ouzbékistan</i>. Paris: Louvre Editions. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8412527858" title="Special:BookSources/978-8412527858"><bdi>978-8412527858</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Splendeurs+des+oasis+d%27Ouzb%C3%A9kistan&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Louvre+Editions&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-8412527858&rft.aulast=Grenet&rft.aufirst=Frantz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sogdians.si.edu/believers-proselytizers-translators/">"Believers, Proselytizers, & Translators The Sogdians"</a>. <i>sogdians.si.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sogdians.si.edu&rft.atitle=Believers%2C+Proselytizers%2C+%26+Translators+The+Sogdians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsogdians.si.edu%2Fbelievers-proselytizers-translators%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGULÁCSI2010" class="citation journal cs1">GULÁCSI, ZSUZSANNA (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43896125.pdf">"The Prophet's Seal: A Contextualized Look at the Crystal Sealstone of Mani (216-276 C.E.) in the Bibliothèque nationale de France"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bulletin of the Asia Institute</i>. <b>24</b>: 164. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0890-4464">0890-4464</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43896125">43896125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Asia+Institute&rft.atitle=The+Prophet%27s+Seal%3A+A+Contextualized+Look+at+the+Crystal+Sealstone+of+Mani+%28216-276+C.E.%29+in+the+Biblioth%C3%A8que+nationale+de+France&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=164&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43896125%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0890-4464&rft.aulast=GUL%C3%81CSI&rft.aufirst=ZSUZSANNA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fpdf%2F43896125.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICS-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICS_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaraporewala" class="citation cs2">Taraporewala, I.J.S., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranchamber.com/religions/articles/manichaeism2.php"><i>Manichaeism</i></a>, Iran Chamber Society<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-01-12</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manichaeism&rft.pub=Iran+Chamber+Society&rft.aulast=Taraporewala&rft.aufirst=I.J.S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranchamber.com%2Freligions%2Farticles%2Fmanichaeism2.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henning-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henning_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henning, W.B., <i>The Book of Giants</i>, BSOAS, Vol. XI, Part 1, 1943, pp. 52–74: "...Mani, who was brought up and spent most of his life in a province of the Persian empire, and whose mother belonged to a famous Parthian family, did not make any use of the Iranian mythological tradition. There can no longer be any doubt that the Iranian names of Sām, Narīmān, etc., that appear in the Persian and Sogdian versions of the Book of the Giants, did not figure in the original edition, written by Mani in the Syriac language."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cosmogony-iii">"Prophet"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turner-1993-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turner-1993_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turner-1993_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner1993" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Alice K. (1993). <i>The History of Hell</i> (1st ed.). United States: <a href="/wiki/Harcourt_Brace" class="mw-redirect" title="Harcourt Brace">Harcourt Brace</a>. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-140934-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-140934-1"><bdi>978-0-15-140934-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Hell&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=50&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-15-140934-1&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Alice+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Widengren, Geo <i>Mesopotamian elements in Manichaeism (King and Saviour II): Studies in Manichaean, Mandaean, and Syrian-gnostic religion</i>, Lundequistska bokhandeln, 1946.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hopkins-2001-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hopkins-2001_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins2001" class="citation book cs1">Hopkins, Keith (July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47286228"><i>A World Full of Gods: The Strange Triumph of Christianity</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Plume_(publisher)" title="Plume (publisher)">Plume</a>. pp. 246, 263, 270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-452-28261-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-452-28261-6"><bdi>0-452-28261-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47286228">47286228</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+World+Full+of+Gods%3A+The+Strange+Triumph+of+Christianity&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=246%2C+263%2C+270&rft.pub=Plume&rft.date=2001-07&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47286228&rft.isbn=0-452-28261-6&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F47286228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arendzen-1910-1-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arendzen-1910-1_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arendzen, John (1 October 1910). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09591a.htm">Manichæism</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Catholic_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Catholic Encyclopedia">The Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 9. New York: The Encyclopedia Press, Inc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BeDuhnMirecki2007-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BeDuhnMirecki2007_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJason_BeDuhnPaul_Allan_Mirecki2007" class="citation book cs1">Jason BeDuhn; Paul Allan Mirecki (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JQd8b5s5QBUC&pg=PA6"><i>Frontiers of Faith: The Christian Encounter With Manichaeism in the Acts of Archelaus</i></a>. BRILL. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16180-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16180-1"><bdi>978-90-04-16180-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontiers+of+Faith%3A+The+Christian+Encounter+With+Manichaeism+in+the+Acts+of+Archelaus&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16180-1&rft.au=Jason+BeDuhn&rft.au=Paul+Allan+Mirecki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJQd8b5s5QBUC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Welburn, <i>Mani, the Angel and the Column of Glory: An Anthology of Manichaean Texts</i> (Edinburgh: Floris Books, 1998), p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. van den Broek, Wouter J. Hanegraaff <i>Gnosis and Hermeticism from Antiquity to Modern Times</i>SUNY Press, 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3611-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3611-0">978-0-7914-3611-0</a> p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardnerLieu2004" class="citation book cs1">Gardner, Iain; Lieu, Samuel N. C., eds. (2004). <i>Manichaean Texts from the Roman Empire</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manichaean+Texts+from+the+Roman+Empire&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jason_BeDuhn" title="Jason BeDuhn">Jason David BeDuhn</a> <i>The Manichaean Body: In Discipline and Ritual</i> Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2000 republished 2002 p.IX</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Li-2004-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Li-2004_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Li, Linzhou (2004). <i>福州摩尼教重要遗址——福州台江义洲浦西福寿宫</i> (in Chinese) (1 ed.). p. 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%9F%E4%B9%89%E6%B4%B2%E6%B5%A6%E8%A5%BF%E7%A6%8F%E5%AF%BF%E5%AE%AB&rft.pages=44&rft.edition=1&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Linzhou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chen-2004-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chen-2004_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenTu2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chen, Yizhou; Tu, Yuanji (2004). <i>福建摩尼教寺院遗址考</i> (in Chinese) (1 ed.). p. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99%E5%AF%BA%E9%99%A2%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E8%80%83&rft.pages=82&rft.edition=1&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Yizhou&rft.au=Tu%2C+Yuanji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarence,_2021-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clarence,_2021_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarence" class="citation web cs1">Clarence, Siut Wai Hung. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.nus.edu.sg/imperialchina/2021/12/23/research-2021-4/">"The Forgotten Buddha: Manichaeism and Buddhist Elements in Imperial China"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Forgotten+Buddha%3A+Manichaeism+and+Buddhist+Elements+in+Imperial+China&rft.aulast=Clarence&rft.aufirst=Siut+Wai+Hung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.nus.edu.sg%2Fimperialchina%2F2021%2F12%2F23%2Fresearch-2021-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler2002" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Brannon M. (2002-06-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lo9jAavEHdIC&pg=PA8"><i>Prophets in the Quran: an introduction to the Quran and Muslim exegesis</i></a>. Comparative Islamic studies. <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-4957-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-4957-3"><bdi>978-0-8264-4957-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-29</span></span>. <q>There are 25 prophets mentioned by name in the Quran [...] Among those mentioned by name are: <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> (mentioned 25 times by name), <a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idris</a> (1), <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> (43), <a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hud</a> (7), <a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Salih</a> (10), <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> (69), <a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a> (12), <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a> (17), <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> (16), <a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a> (27), <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(son_of_Jacob)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph (son of Jacob)">Joseph</a> (27), <a href="/wiki/Shoaib" title="Shoaib">Shuayb</a> (11), <a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a> (4), <a href="/wiki/Dhul-Kifl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Kifl">Dhu al-Kifl</a> (2), <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> (137), <a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a> (20), <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> (16), <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> (17), <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> (1), <a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a> (2), <a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a> (4), <a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (priest)">Zechariah</a> (7), <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John</a> (5), <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> (25), <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (4).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophets+in+the+Quran%3A+an+introduction+to+the+Quran+and+Muslim+exegesis&rft.series=Comparative+Islamic+studies&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002-06-18&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-4957-3&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Brannon+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLo9jAavEHdIC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islamic-replies.ucoz.com/Number_Prophets_and_Messengers.html">"Number Of Prophets & Messengers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Number+Of+Prophets+%26+Messengers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislamic-replies.ucoz.com%2FNumber_Prophets_and_Messengers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/16?startingVerse=36">16:36</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(see <a href="/wiki/Biblical_narratives_and_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical narratives and the Quran">Biblical narratives and the Quran</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Chambers 21st Century Dictionary</i>. p. 1111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beyond the Written Word: Oral Aspects of Scripture in the History of Religion, William A. Graham, William Albert Graham – 1993, p93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The militia – Page 100, James B. Whisker – 1992 "The work of Mohammed (569–632), commonly called the Prophet, the Koran was revealed in a series of visions over a period of many years beginning in 610"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz’ 26 (Part 26): Al-Ahqaf 1 To Az-Zariyat 30, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman – 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/3?startingVerse=45">3:45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumann,_Olaf_H.2002" class="citation book cs1">Schumann, Olaf H. (2002). <i>Jesus the Messiah in Muslim thought</i>. Delhi: ISPCK/HMI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7214-522-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-7214-522-5"><bdi>81-7214-522-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51207017">51207017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+the+Messiah+in+Muslim+thought&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=ISPCK%2FHMI&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51207017&rft.isbn=81-7214-522-5&rft.au=Schumann%2C+Olaf+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrinder,_Geoffrey2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Parrinder" title="Geoffrey Parrinder">Parrinder, Geoffrey</a> (2 May 2013). <i>Jesus in the Qur'ān</i>. London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-999-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-999-6"><bdi>978-1-85168-999-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/826659885">826659885</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+in+the+Qur%27%C4%81n&rft.place=London&rft.date=2013-05-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F826659885&rft.isbn=978-1-85168-999-6&rft.au=Parrinder%2C+Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDowell,_Josh.2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Josh_McDowell" title="Josh McDowell">McDowell, Josh.</a> (October 2013). <i>Understanding Islam and Christianity</i>. Walker, Jim, 1956-. Eugene, Oregon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7369-4991-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7369-4991-0"><bdi>978-0-7369-4991-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/859328502">859328502</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Islam+and+Christianity&rft.place=Eugene%2C+Oregon&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F859328502&rft.isbn=978-0-7369-4991-0&rft.au=McDowell%2C+Josh.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirani2019" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shafique_Virani" title="Shafique Virani">Virani, Shafique</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/41992496">"Hierohistory in Qāḍī l-Nuʿmān's Foundation of Symbolic Interpretation (Asās al-Taʾwīl): The Birth of Jesus"</a>. <i>Studies in Islamic Historiography</i>: 147–169. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004415294_007">10.1163/9789004415294_007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004415294" title="Special:BookSources/9789004415294"><bdi>9789004415294</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214047322">214047322</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Islamic+Historiography&rft.atitle=Hierohistory+in+Q%C4%81%E1%B8%8D%C4%AB+l-Nu%CA%BFm%C4%81n%27s+Foundation+of+Symbolic+Interpretation+%28As%C4%81s+al-Ta%CA%BEw%C4%ABl%29%3A+The+Birth+of+Jesus&rft.pages=147-169&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214047322%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004415294_007&rft.isbn=9789004415294&rft.aulast=Virani&rft.aufirst=Shafique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F41992496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Upal_2021-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Upal_2021_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Upal_2021_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Upal_2021_115-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Upal_2021_115-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Upal_2021_115-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Upal_2021_115-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpal2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Afzal_Upal" title="Afzal Upal">Upal, M. Afzal</a> (2021). "The Cultural Genetics of the Aḥmadiyya Muslim Jamāʿat". In <a href="/wiki/Carole_M._Cusack" title="Carole M. Cusack">Cusack, Carole M.</a>; Upal, M. Afzal (eds.). <i>Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements</i>. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 21. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 637–657. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004435544_034">10.1163/9789004435544_034</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43554-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43554-4"><bdi>978-90-04-43554-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1874-6691">1874-6691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Cultural+Genetics+of+the+A%E1%B8%A5madiyya+Muslim+Jam%C4%81%CA%BFat&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Islamic+Sects+and+Movements&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.series=Brill+Handbooks+on+Contemporary+Religion&rft.pages=637-657&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=1874-6691&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004435544_034&rft.isbn=978-90-04-43554-4&rft.aulast=Upal&rft.aufirst=M.+Afzal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Korbel-Preckel_2016-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_116-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_116-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_116-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorbelPreckel2016" class="citation book cs1">Korbel, Jonathan; Preckel, Claudia (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtY6DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA426">"Ghulām Aḥmad al-Qādiyānī: The Messiah of the Christians—Peace upon Him—in India (India, 1908)"</a>. In Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-Martin; <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Reichmuth_(academic)" title="Stefan Reichmuth (academic)">Reichmuth, Stefan</a> (eds.). <i>Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism</i>. Numen Book Series. Vol. 154. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 426–442. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004329003_034">10.1163/9789004329003_034</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32511-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32511-1"><bdi>978-90-04-32511-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ghul%C4%81m+A%E1%B8%A5mad+al-Q%C4%81diy%C4%81n%C4%AB%3A+The+Messiah+of+the+Christians%E2%80%94Peace+upon+Him%E2%80%94in+India+%28India%2C+1908%29&rft.btitle=Religious+Dynamics+under+the+Impact+of+Imperialism+and+Colonialism&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Numen+Book+Series&rft.pages=426-442&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004329003_034&rft.isbn=978-90-04-32511-1&rft.aulast=Korbel&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Preckel%2C+Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZtY6DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Valentine-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Valentine_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Valentine_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentine2008" class="citation book cs1">Valentine, Simon (2008). <i>Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: History, belief, practice</i>. Columbia University Press. p. xv passim. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8"><bdi>978-0-231-70094-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Ahmadiyya+jama%CA%BBat%3A+History%2C+belief%2C+practice&rft.pages=xv+passim&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70094-8&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGualtieri1989" class="citation book cs1">Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA18"><i>Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan</i></a>. Guernica Editions. pp. 18–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7"><bdi>978-0-920717-41-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conscience+and+Coercion%3A+Ahmadi+Muslims+and+Orthodoxy+in+Pakistan&rft.pages=18-20&rft.pub=Guernica+Editions&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-920717-41-7&rft.aulast=Gualtieri&rft.aufirst=Antonio+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiCwHaOabz7YC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedmann,_Yohanan2003" class="citation book cs1">Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). <i>Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 116–17, 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-264-014-X" title="Special:BookSources/965-264-014-X"><bdi>965-264-014-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophecy+Continuous%3A+Aspects+of+Ahmadi+Religious+Thought+and+Its+Medieval+Background&rft.pages=116-17%2C+121&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=965-264-014-X&rft.au=Friedmann%2C+Yohanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2015" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). <i>From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim minority movement in south Asia</i>. Indiana University Press. pp. 2, 42–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253015297" title="Special:BookSources/978-0253015297"><bdi>978-0253015297</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Sufism+to+Ahmadiyya%3A+A+Muslim+minority+movement+in+south+Asia&rft.pages=2%2C+42-48&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0253015297&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Adil+Hussain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGualtieri1989" class="citation book cs1">Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA22"><i>Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and orthodoxy in Pakistan</i></a>. Guernica Editions. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7"><bdi>978-0-920717-41-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conscience+and+Coercion%3A+Ahmadi+Muslims+and+orthodoxy+in+Pakistan&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Guernica+Editions&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-920717-41-7&rft.aulast=Gualtieri&rft.aufirst=Antonio+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiCwHaOabz7YC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouis_J.1985" class="citation web cs1">Louis J., Hammann (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/introduction/intro-louis-hammann.html">"Ahmaddiyyat - an introduction"</a>. Ahmadiyya Muslim Community [online]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611191746/https://www.alislam.org/introduction/intro-louis-hammann.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-1869-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-1869-0"><bdi>978-0-8028-1869-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+Israel%3A+An+Archeological+Guide+to+the+Holy+Land&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-1869-0&rft.aulast=Finegan&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtqxtAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522seven%2Bprophets%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitti_1928_37-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hitti_1928_37_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitti1928" class="citation book cs1">Hitti, Philip K. (1928). <i>The Origins of the Druze People and Religion: With Extracts from Their Sacred Writings</i>. Library of Alexandria. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781465546623" title="Special:BookSources/9781465546623"><bdi>9781465546623</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Druze+People+and+Religion%3A+With+Extracts+from+Their+Sacred+Writings&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Library+of+Alexandria&rft.date=1928&rft.isbn=9781465546623&rft.aulast=Hitti&rft.aufirst=Philip+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dana_2008_17-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dana_2008_17_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDana2008" class="citation book cs1">Dana, Nissim (2008). <i>The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status</i>. Michigan University press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781903900369" title="Special:BookSources/9781903900369"><bdi>9781903900369</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Druze+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Their+Faith%2C+Leadership%2C+Identity+and+Status&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Michigan+University+press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781903900369&rft.aulast=Dana&rft.aufirst=Nissim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mahmut_2023-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mahmut_2023_126-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mahmut_2023_126-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mahmut_2023_126-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahmut2023" class="citation journal cs1">Mahmut, R. İbrahim (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.33201%2Firanian.1199758">"The Christian Influences in Ismaili Thought"</a>. <i>The Journal of Iranian Studies</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 83–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.33201%2Firanian.1199758">10.33201/iranian.1199758</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Iranian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Christian+Influences+in+Ismaili+Thought&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=83-99&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.33201%2Firanian.1199758&rft.aulast=Mahmut&rft.aufirst=R.+%C4%B0brahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.33201%252Firanian.1199758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eor-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eor_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutter2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Hutter" title="Manfred Hutter">Hutter, Manfred</a> (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2">"Bahā'īs"</a></span>. In Ed. Lindsay Jones (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Religion</i>. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 737–740. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-865733-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-865733-0"><bdi>0-02-865733-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bah%C4%81%27%C4%ABs&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Religion&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pages=737-740&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+USA&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-02-865733-0&rft.aulast=Hutter&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manifestation-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-manifestation_128-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manifestation_128-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole1982" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Cole, Juan (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/cole_concept_manifestation">"The Concept of Manifestation in the Baháʼí Writings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_studies#Journals" title="Baháʼí studies">Baháʼí Studies</a></i>. monograph 9: 1–38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Concept+of+Manifestation+in+the+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Writings&rft.volume=monograph+9&rft.pages=1-38&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fcole_concept_manifestation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#4:14" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 4:14–17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBooth2000184–88Sutin2000122–25Kaczynski2010127–29-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBooth2000184–88Sutin2000122–25Kaczynski2010127–29_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBooth2000">Booth 2000</a>, pp. 184–88; <a href="#CITEREFSutin2000">Sutin 2000</a>, pp. 122–25; <a href="#CITEREFKaczynski2010">Kaczynski 2010</a>, pp. 127–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBooth2000184–88Sutin2000125–33-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBooth2000184–88Sutin2000125–33_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBooth2000">Booth 2000</a>, pp. 184–88; <a href="#CITEREFSutin2000">Sutin 2000</a>, pp. 125–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBooth2000412–17Sutin2000319–20Kaczynski2010413–15Churton2011287–88-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBooth2000412–17Sutin2000319–20Kaczynski2010413–15Churton2011287–88_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBooth2000">Booth 2000</a>, pp. 412–17; <a href="#CITEREFSutin2000">Sutin 2000</a>, pp. 319–20; <a href="#CITEREFKaczynski2010">Kaczynski 2010</a>, pp. 413–15; <a href="#CITEREFChurton2011">Churton 2011</a>, pp. 287–88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrury2012210Doyle_White20163-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrury2012210Doyle_White20163_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDrury2012">Drury 2012</a>, p. 210; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ruff+sees+more+rough+times+ahead+%E2%80%93+MarketWatch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Fruff-sees-more-rough-times%2Fstory.aspx%3Fguid%3D%257B0354D5FB%252D2AE2%252D48CB%252DA7F0%252D4B06FBE5EE61%257D%26dist%3DTNMostRead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRushe2008" class="citation news cs1">Rushe, Dominic (2008-10-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090708085750/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/economics/article5014463.ece">"Nouriel Roubini: I fear the worst is yet to come – Times Online"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/economics/article5014463.ece">the original</a> on July 8, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-09</span></span>. <q>...after making a series of uncannily accurate predictions about the global meltdown, Roubini has become the prophet of his age...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Nouriel+Roubini%3A+I+fear+the+worst+is+yet+to+come+%E2%80%93+Times+Online&rft.date=2008-10-26&rft.aulast=Rushe&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fbusiness%2Feconomics%2Farticle5014463.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2020" class="citation web cs1">Palmer, Rob (30 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skepticalinquirer.org/2020/06/exploring-possible-worlds-with-ann-druyan/">"Exploring Possible Worlds with Ann Druyan"</a>. <i>Skeptical Inquirer</i>. Center for Inquiry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Exploring+Possible+Worlds+with+Ann+Druyan&rft.date=2020-06-30&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskepticalinquirer.org%2F2020%2F06%2Fexploring-possible-worlds-with-ann-druyan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsprem2013" class="citation book cs1">Asprem, Egil (2013). <i>Arguing with Angels: Enochian Magic and Modern Occulture</i>. <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Press" title="SUNY Press">SUNY Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-4191-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-4191-7"><bdi>978-1-4384-4191-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/809317694">809317694</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arguing+with+Angels%3A+Enochian+Magic+and+Modern+Occulture&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F809317694&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-4191-7&rft.aulast=Asprem&rft.aufirst=Egil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooth2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Booth" title="Martin Booth">Booth, Martin</a> (2000). <i>A Magick Life: The Biography of Aleister Crowley</i>. London: Coronet Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-340-71806-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-340-71806-3"><bdi>978-0-340-71806-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/59483726">59483726</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Magick+Life%3A+The+Biography+of+Aleister+Crowley&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Coronet+Books&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F59483726&rft.isbn=978-0-340-71806-3&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce1984" class="citation book cs1">Boyce, Mary (1984). <i>Textual Sources for the Study of Zoroastrianism</i>. Manchester University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textual+Sources+for+the+Study+of+Zoroastrianism&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2001" class="citation book cs1">Boyce, Mary (2001). <i>Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23902-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23902-8"><bdi>978-0-415-23902-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zoroastrians%3A+Their+Religious+Beliefs+and+Practices&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-23902-8&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurton2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Churton" title="Tobias Churton">Churton, Tobias</a> (2011). <i>Aleister Crowley: The Biography</i>. London: Watkins Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78028-012-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78028-012-7"><bdi>978-1-78028-012-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/701810228">701810228</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aleister+Crowley%3A+The+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Watkins+Books&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F701810228&rft.isbn=978-1-78028-012-7&rft.aulast=Churton&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDjurdjevic2014" class="citation book cs1">Djurdjevic, Gordan (2014). <i>India and the Occult: The Influence of South Asian Spirituality on Modern Western Occultism</i>. New York City: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-40498-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-40498-5"><bdi>978-1-137-40498-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/870285576">870285576</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+and+the+Occult%3A+The+Influence+of+South+Asian+Spirituality+on+Modern+Western+Occultism&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F870285576&rft.isbn=978-1-137-40498-5&rft.aulast=Djurdjevic&rft.aufirst=Gordan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyle_White2016" class="citation journal cs1">Doyle White, Ethan (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1503457/">"Lucifer Over Luxor: Archaeology, Egyptology, and Occultism in Kenneth Anger's Magick Lantern Cycle"</a>. <i>Present Pasts</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 1–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5334%2Fpp.73">10.5334/pp.73</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1759-2941">1759-2941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Present+Pasts&rft.atitle=Lucifer+Over+Luxor%3A+Archaeology%2C+Egyptology%2C+and+Occultism+in+Kenneth+Anger%27s+Magick+Lantern+Cycle&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-10&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5334%2Fpp.73&rft.issn=1759-2941&rft.aulast=Doyle+White&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F1503457%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrury2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Drury, Nevill (2012). "The Thelemic Sex Magick of Aleister Crowley". In Drury, Nevill (ed.). <i>Pathways in Modern Western Magic</i>. Richmond, CA: Concrescent Scholars. pp. 205–245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9843729-9-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9843729-9-7"><bdi>978-0-9843729-9-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/814283519">814283519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Thelemic+Sex+Magick+of+Aleister+Crowley&rft.btitle=Pathways+in+Modern+Western+Magic&rft.place=Richmond%2C+CA&rft.pages=205-245&rft.pub=Concrescent+Scholars&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F814283519&rft.isbn=978-0-9843729-9-7&rft.aulast=Drury&rft.aufirst=Nevill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hutton" title="Ronald Hutton">Hutton, Ronald</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/triumphofmoonhis00hutt"><i>The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft</i></a></span>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-285449-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-285449-0"><bdi>978-0-19-285449-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41452625">41452625</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Triumph+of+the+Moon%3A+A+History+of+Modern+Pagan+Witchcraft&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41452625&rft.isbn=978-0-19-285449-0&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftriumphofmoonhis00hutt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaczynski2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kaczynski" title="Richard Kaczynski">Kaczynski, Richard</a> (2010). <i>Perdurabo: The Life of Aleister Crowley</i> (Revised and Expanded ed.). Berkeley, California: North Atlantic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55643-899-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55643-899-8"><bdi>978-1-55643-899-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perdurabo%3A+The+Life+of+Aleister+Crowley&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.edition=Revised+and+Expanded&rft.pub=North+Atlantic+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-55643-899-8&rft.aulast=Kaczynski&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKriwaczek2003" class="citation book cs1">Kriwaczek, Paul (2003). <i>In Search of Zarathustra: The First Prophet and the Ideas that Changed the World</i>. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0375415289" title="Special:BookSources/978-0375415289"><bdi>978-0375415289</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Zarathustra%3A+The+First+Prophet+and+the+Ideas+that+Changed+the+World&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0375415289&rft.aulast=Kriwaczek&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasi2014" class="citation book cs1">Pasi, Marco (2014) [1999]. <i>Aleister Crowley and the Temptation of Politics</i>. Ariel Godwin (translator). Durham: Acumen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84465-696-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84465-696-7"><bdi>978-1-84465-696-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/872678868">872678868</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aleister+Crowley+and+the+Temptation+of+Politics&rft.place=Durham&rft.pub=Acumen&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F872678868&rft.isbn=978-1-84465-696-7&rft.aulast=Pasi&rft.aufirst=Marco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutin2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Sutin" title="Lawrence Sutin">Sutin, Lawrence</a> (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dowhatthouwiltli0000suti"><i>Do What Thou Wilt: A Life of Aleister Crowley</i></a></span>. New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-25243-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-25243-4"><bdi>978-0-312-25243-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43581537">43581537</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Do+What+Thou+Wilt%3A+A+Life+of+Aleister+Crowley&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43581537&rft.isbn=978-0-312-25243-4&rft.aulast=Sutin&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdowhatthouwiltli0000suti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Edward_Aune" class="mw-redirect" title="David Edward Aune">Aune, David E.</a> (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0cY3kedl8NMC&pg=PA81">"Ancient Israelite Prophecy and Prophecy in Early Judaism"</a>. <i>Prophecy in Early Christianity and the Ancient Mediterranean World</i>. <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids, Michigan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wm._B._Eerdmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Wm. B. Eerdmans">Wm. B. Eerdmans</a>. pp. 81–147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-0635-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-0635-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-0635-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9555379">9555379</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ancient+Israelite+Prophecy+and+Prophecy+in+Early+Judaism&rft.btitle=Prophecy+in+Early+Christianity+and+the+Ancient+Mediterranean+World&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=81-147&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9555379&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-0635-2&rft.aulast=Aune&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0cY3kedl8NMC%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Tullius_Cicero" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Tullius Cicero">Cicero, Marcus Tullius</a> (1997). <i>De divinatione</i>. Translated by Arthur Stanley Pease. Darmstadt: Wissenschaflliche Buchgesellschaft.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+divinatione&rft.place=Darmstadt&rft.pub=Wissenschaflliche+Buchgesellschaft&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Cicero&rft.aufirst=Marcus+Tullius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Dawson, Lorne L. (October 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.ucpress.edu/nr/article-pdf/3/1/60/302991/nr_1999_3_1_60.pdf">"When Prophecy Fails and Faith Persists: A Theoretical Overview"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Religio" title="Nova Religio">Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions</a></i>. <b>3</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>: 60–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fnr.1999.3.1.60">10.1525/nr.1999.3.1.60</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1092-6690">1092-6690</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/98656716">98656716</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nova+Religio%3A+The+Journal+of+Alternative+and+Emergent+Religions&rft.atitle=When+Prophecy+Fails+and+Faith+Persists%3A+A+Theoretical+Overview&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=60-82&rft.date=1999-10&rft.issn=1092-6690&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F98656716&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fnr.1999.3.1.60&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Lorne+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.ucpress.edu%2Fnr%2Farticle-pdf%2F3%2F1%2F60%2F302991%2Fnr_1999_3_1_60.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Forbes, Christopher (1997). <i>Prophecy and Inspired Speech: in Early Christianity and Its Hellenistic Environment</i>. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56563-269-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56563-269-9"><bdi>1-56563-269-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophecy+and+Inspired+Speech%3A+in+Early+Christianity+and+Its+Hellenistic+Environment&rft.place=Peabody%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Hendrickson&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-56563-269-9&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/June_Helm" title="June Helm">Helm, June</a> (1994). <i>Prophecy and Power among the Dogrib Indians</i>. University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-2373-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-2373-8"><bdi>978-0-8032-2373-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophecy+and+Power+among+the+Dogrib+Indians&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-2373-8&rft.aulast=Helm&rft.aufirst=June&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Hill, Clifford S. (1991). <i>Prophecy, Past and Present: an Exploration of the Prophetic Ministry in the Bible and the Church today</i>. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Vine. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-0635-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-0635-X"><bdi>0-8028-0635-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophecy%2C+Past+and+Present%3A+an+Exploration+of+the+Prophetic+Ministry+in+the+Bible+and+the+Church+today&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Mich.&rft.pub=Vine&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-8028-0635-X&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Clifford+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Pasi, M. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/aleister-crowley-and-islam(653ab648-af02-48a4-8ad0-24d9e7eea159).html">"Aleister Crowley and Islam"</a>. In Sedgwick, M.; Piraino, F. (eds.). <i>Esoteric Transfers and Constructions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam</i>. Palgrave Studies in New Religions and Alternative Spiritualities. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 151–193. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-61788-2_8">10.1007/978-3-030-61788-2_8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-61787-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-61787-5"><bdi>978-3-030-61787-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aleister+Crowley+and+Islam&rft.btitle=Esoteric+Transfers+and+Constructions%3A+Judaism%2C+Christianity%2C+and+Islam&rft.series=Palgrave+Studies+in+New+Religions+and+Alternative+Spiritualities&rft.pages=151-193&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-61788-2_8&rft.isbn=978-3-030-61787-5&rft.aulast=Pasi&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdare.uva.nl%2Fpersonal%2Fpure%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Faleister-crowley-and-islam%28653ab648-af02-48a4-8ad0-24d9e7eea159%29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Rowley" title="H. H. Rowley">Rowley, H. H.</a> (1956). <i>Prophecy and Religion in Ancient China and Israel</i>. New York: Harper & Brothers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophecy+and+Religion+in+Ancient+China+and+Israel&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Rowley&rft.aufirst=H.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prophet&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Prophet" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Prophet">Prophet</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Prophets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Prophets">Prophets</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=prophet">Etymology of the English word "prophet"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.propheticmidrash.com/">Prophetic Midrash: An interdenominational, multilingual list of prophets, broadly defined</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mormon.org/learn/0,8672,805-1,00.html">"Prophets, a Mormon Perspective"</a>. <i>Mormon.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mormon.org&rft.atitle=Prophets%2C+a+Mormon+Perspective&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mormon.org%2Flearn%2F0%2C8672%2C805-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProphet" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_Eastern_mythology" title="Template:Middle Eastern mythology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_Eastern_mythology" title="Template talk:Middle Eastern mythology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle_Eastern_mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle Eastern mythology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Semitic_and_Mesopotamian_religion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ancient <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian</a> religion</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion"><b>Canaanite deities</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsay" title="Arsay">Arsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashima" title="Ashima">Ashima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atargatis" title="Atargatis">Atargatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BFA%E1%B9%AFtar" title="ʿAṯtar">ʿAṯtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalat_Gebal" title="Baalat Gebal">Baʿalat Gebal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baʿal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal_Berith" title="Baal Berith">Baʿal Berit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal_Hammon" title="Baal Hammon">Baʿal Ḥammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marqod" class="mw-redirect" title="Marqod">Baʿal Marqod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal-zephon" title="Baal-zephon">Baʿal Ṣapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalshamin" title="Baalshamin">Baalshamin/Baʿalshamem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemosh" title="Chemosh">Chemosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagon" title="Dagon">Dagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elohim#Canaanite_religion" title="Elohim">Elohim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elyon" title="Elyon">Elyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshmun" title="Eshmun">Eshmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadad" title="Hadad">Haddu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotharat" title="Kotharat">Kotharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melqart" title="Melqart">Melqart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milcom" title="Milcom">Milcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misor" title="Misor">Misor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mot_(god)" title="Mot (god)">Mot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkal" title="Nikkal">Nikkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qedesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qos_(deity)" title="Qos (deity)">Qos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakkun" title="Sakkun">Sakkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahar_(god)" title="Shahar (god)">Shahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalim" title="Shalim">Shalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapshu" title="Shapshu">Shapshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydyk" title="Sydyk">Sydyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanit" title="Tanit">Tanit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(god)" title="Yam (god)">Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarikh" title="Yarikh">Yarikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion"><b>Mesopotamian deities</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abzu" title="Abzu">Abzu/Apsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad" class="mw-redirect" title="Adad">Adad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amurru_(god)" title="Amurru (god)">Amurru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antu_(goddess)" title="Antu (goddess)">Antu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anu" title="Anu">Anu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshar" title="Anshar">Anshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur_(god)" title="Ashur (god)">Ashur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumuzid" title="Dumuzid">Dumuzid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enki" title="Enki">Enki/Ea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil" title="Enlil">Enlil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ereshkigal" title="Ereshkigal">Ereshkigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geshtinanna" title="Geshtinanna">Geshtinanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanna" title="Inanna">Inanna/Ishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_(goddess)" title="Ki (goddess)">Ki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingu" title="Kingu">Kingu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishar" title="Kishar">Kishar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahamu" title="Lahamu">Lahamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahmu" title="Lahmu">Lahmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummu" title="Mummu">Mummu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nammu" title="Nammu">Nammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_(mythology)" title="Sin (mythology)">Nanna/Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nergal" title="Nergal">Nergal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningishzida" title="Ningishzida">Ningishzida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninhursag" title="Ninhursag">Ninhursag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninlil" title="Ninlil">Ninlil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiamat" title="Tiamat">Tiamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utu" class="mw-redirect" title="Utu">Utu/Shamash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Mythology"><b>Mythology portal</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Zoroastrianism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FBEC5D;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zoroastrianism" title="Template:Zoroastrianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zoroastrianism" title="Template talk:Zoroastrianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zoroastrianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zoroastrianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zoroastrianism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Primary topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zarathustra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asha" title="Asha">Asha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vohu_Manah" title="Vohu Manah">Vohu Manah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia/Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faravahar" title="Faravahar">Faravahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ZoroastrianismSymbolWhite.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Atar (fire)"><img alt="Atar (fire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/ZoroastrianismSymbolWhite.PNG" decoding="async" width="151" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Divine entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amesha_Spenta" title="Amesha Spenta">Amesha Spentas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazata" title="Yazata">Yazatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura" title="Ahura">Ahuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daeva" title="Daeva">Daevas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angra_Mainyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Angra Mainyu">Angra Mainyu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Scripture and worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathas">Gathas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashem_Vohu" title="Ashem Vohu">Ashem Vohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahuna_Vairya" title="Ahuna Vairya">Ahuna Vairya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenghe_hatam" title="Yenghe hatam">Yenghe hatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airyaman_ishya" title="Airyaman ishya">Airyaman ishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_temple" title="Fire temple">Fire Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101_Names_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="101 Names of God">101 Names of Ahura Mazda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udvada_Atash_Behram" class="mw-redirect" title="Udvada Atash Behram">Udvada Atash Behram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adur_Burzen-Mihr" title="Adur Burzen-Mihr">Adur Burzen-Mihr</a></li> <li>Adur Farnbag</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adur_Gushnasp" title="Adur Gushnasp">Adur Gushnasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_of_Kashmar" title="Cypress of Kashmar">Cypress of Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasna" title="Yasna">Yasna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendidad" title="Vendidad">Vendidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visperad" title="Visperad">Visperad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasht" title="Yasht">Yashts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordeh_Avesta" title="Khordeh Avesta">Khordeh Avesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revayats" class="mw-redirect" title="The Revayats">The Revayats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab-Zohr" title="Ab-Zohr">Ab-Zohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atash_Behram" title="Atash Behram">Atash Behram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magi" title="Magi">Magi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Accounts and legends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denkard" title="Denkard">Dēnkard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundahishn" title="Bundahishn">Bundahišn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Arda_Viraf" title="Book of Arda Viraf">Book of Arda Viraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamasp_Namag" title="Jamasp Namag">Book of Jamasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa-i_Sanjan" title="Qissa-i Sanjan">Story of Sanjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinvat_Bridge" title="Chinvat Bridge">Chinvat Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Frashokereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xrafstar" title="Xrafstar">Xrafstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamistagan" title="Hamistagan">Hamistagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duzakh" title="Duzakh">Duzakh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmar" title="Kashmar">Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">History and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsi">Parsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdakism" title="Mazdakism">Mazdakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khurramites" title="Khurramites">Khurramites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Persian_religions" title="Three Persian religions">Three Persian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_festivals" title="Zoroastrian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_wedding" title="Zoroastrian wedding">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Silence" title="Tower of Silence">Burial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Adherents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Afghanistan" title="Zoroastrianism in Afghanistan">in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Armenia" title="Zoroastrianism in Armenia">in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan">in Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianism in China">in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Sichuan" title="Zoroastrianism in Sichuan">in Sichuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_India" title="Zoroastrianism in India">in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irani_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irani (India)">Irani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Iran" title="Zoroastrianism in Iran">in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq#Zoroastrianism" title="Religion in Iraq">in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianism in Pakistan">in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_the_United_States" title="Zoroastrianism in the United States">in United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianism in Uzbekistan">in Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fire_temples_in_Iran" title="List of fire temples in Iran">Fire temples in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fire_temples_in_India" title="List of fire temples in India">Fire temples in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FBEC5D;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Zoroastrianism" title="Category:Zoroastrianism">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible_/_Old_Testament" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Template:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Template talk:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible_/_Old_Testament" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Category:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible">Prophets in the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Patriarchal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></i><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Noah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Noah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchs_(Bible)" title="Patriarchs (Bible)">Patriarchs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)#Matriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Israelite prophets<br />in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Moses in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam" title="Miriam">Miriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldad_and_Medad" title="Eldad and Medad">Eldad and Medad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mentioned in the<br /><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im#Former_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Former Prophets</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah" title="Deborah">Deborah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson" title="Samson">Samson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elkanah" title="Elkanah">Elkanah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_(biblical_figure)" title="Hannah (biblical figure)">Hannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail" title="Abigail">Abigail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gad_(prophet)" title="Gad (prophet)">Gad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeduthun" title="Jeduthun">Jeduthun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahijah_the_Shilonite" title="Ahijah the Shilonite">Ahijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemaiah_(prophet)" title="Shemaiah (prophet)">Shemaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddo_(prophet)" title="Iddo (prophet)">Iddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanani" title="Hanani">Hanani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu_(prophet)" title="Jehu (prophet)">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micaiah" title="Micaiah">Micaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahaziel" title="Jahaziel">Jahaziel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer#Eliezer_the_prophet" title="Eliezer">Eliezer ben Dodavah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_ben_Jehoiada" title="Zechariah ben Jehoiada">Zechariah ben Jehoiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huldah" title="Huldah">Huldah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaiah_in_rabbinic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a><sup><small>‡</small></sup> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Daniel in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Jonah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beor_(biblical_figure)" title="Beor (biblical figure)">Beor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Job in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amoz" title="Amoz">Amoz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beeri" title="Beeri">Beeri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agur" title="Agur">Agur</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriah_(prophet)" title="Uriah (prophet)">Uriah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buzi" title="Buzi">Buzi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mordecai" title="Mordecai">Mordecai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esther" title="Esther">Esther</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esther_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Esther in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehemiah" title="Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruth_(biblical_figure)" title="Ruth (biblical figure)">Ruth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oded_(prophet)" title="Oded (prophet)">Oded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariah_(prophet)" title="Azariah (prophet)">Azariah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate persons whose status as <a class="mw-selflink selflink">prophets</a> is not universally accepted.</li> <li>‡ indicates persons whose status as prophets is exclusive to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manichaeism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manichaeism_footer" title="Template:Manichaeism footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manichaeism_footer" title="Template talk:Manichaeism footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manichaeism_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manichaeism footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manichaeism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prophets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mani_(prophet)" title="Mani (prophet)">Mani</a> (Founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha_in_Manichaeism" title="The Buddha in Manichaeism">Sakyamuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarathustra_in_Manichaeism" title="Zarathustra in Manichaeism">Zarathustra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana" title="Narayana">Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sealstone_of_Mani" title="Sealstone of Mani"><img alt="Seal with figure of Mani, possibly 3rd century CE, possibly Irak. Cabinet des Médailles, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Seal_of_Mani_%28cleaned_up%29._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani%2C_possibly_3rd_century_CE%2C_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris.jpg/100px-Seal_of_Mani_%28cleaned_up%29._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani%2C_possibly_3rd_century_CE%2C_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Seal_of_Mani_%28cleaned_up%29._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani%2C_possibly_3rd_century_CE%2C_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris.jpg/150px-Seal_of_Mani_%28cleaned_up%29._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani%2C_possibly_3rd_century_CE%2C_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Seal_of_Mani_%28cleaned_up%29._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani%2C_possibly_3rd_century_CE%2C_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris.jpg/200px-Seal_of_Mani_%28cleaned_up%29._Seal_with_figure_of_Mani%2C_possibly_3rd_century_CE%2C_possibly_Irak._Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles%2C_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="624" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_scripture" title="Manichaean scripture">Scripture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_treatises_of_Manichaeism" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven treatises of Manichaeism">Seven treatises of Manichaeism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mani" title="Gospel of Mani">Gospel of Mani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treasure_of_Life" title="Treasure of Life">Treasure of Life</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Epistles_(Manichaeism)" title="The Epistles (Manichaeism)">The Epistles</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Mysteries_(Manichaeism)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Mysteries (Manichaeism)">The Book of Mysteries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pragmateia" title="Pragmateia">Pragmateia</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Giants" title="The Book of Giants">The Book of Giants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalms_and_Prayers" title="Psalms and Prayers">Psalms and Prayers</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arzhang" title="Arzhang">Book of Pictures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shabuhragan" title="Shabuhragan">Shabuhragan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extracanonical<br /> literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Epistle" title="Fundamental Epistle">Fundamental Epistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_Psalm_Book" title="Manichaean Psalm Book">Manichaean Psalm Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Thomas" title="Psalms of Thomas">Psalms of Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kephalaia" title="Kephalaia">Kephalaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuastvanift" title="Xuastvanift">Xuastvanift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Mani-Codex" title="Cologne Mani-Codex">Cologne Mani-Codex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medinet_Madi_library" title="Medinet Madi library">Medinet Madi library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang_Manichaean_texts" title="Dunhuang Manichaean texts">Dunhuang Manichaean texts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiabuzan" title="Xiabuzan">Xiabuzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_Compendium" title="Manichaean Compendium">Manichaean Compendium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incomplete_scripture_of_Manichaeism" title="Incomplete scripture of Manichaeism">Incomplete scripture of Manichaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irk_Bitig" title="Irk Bitig">Irk Bitig</a>†</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan_Manichaean_texts" title="Turpan Manichaean texts">Turpan Manichaean texts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian-language_Manichaean_letter" title="Sogdian-language Manichaean letter">Sogdian-language Manichaean letter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiapu_Manichaean_manuscripts" title="Xiapu Manichaean manuscripts">Xiapu Manichaean manuscripts</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Moni_Guangfo" title="Moni Guangfo">Moni Guangfo</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Manichaean theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Father_of_Greatness" title="Father of Greatness">Father of Greatness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Darkness_(Manichaeism)" title="Prince of Darkness (Manichaeism)">Prince of Darkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarathustra_in_Manichaeism" title="Zarathustra in Manichaeism">Zarathustra in Manichaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha_in_Manichaeism" title="The Buddha in Manichaeism">The Buddha in Manichaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus in Manichaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Principles_and_Three_Moments" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Principles and Three Moments">Two Principles and Three Moments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosis" title="Gnosis">Gnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_(prophet)" title="Mani (prophet)">Messenger of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xroshtag_and_Padvaxtag" title="Xroshtag and Padvaxtag">Xroshtag and Padvaxtag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archon_(Gnosticism)#Manichaeism" title="Archon (Gnosticism)"><i>Archon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asrestar" title="Asrestar">Asrestar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism#History" title="Manichaeism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_(Manichaeism)" title="Apostles (Manichaeism)">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Ammo" title="Mar Ammo">Mar Ammo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Sisin" title="Mar Sisin">Mar Sisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akouas" title="Akouas">Mar Zaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Adda" title="Mar Adda">Mar Adda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad_Ohrmazd" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad Ohrmazd">Shad Ohrmazd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihr_(Manichaeism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihr (Manichaeism)">Mihr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustus_of_Mileve" title="Faustus of Mileve">Faustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agapius_(Manichaean)" title="Agapius (Manichaean)">Agapius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphthonius_of_Alexandria" title="Aphthonius of Alexandria">Aphthonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonius" title="Hegemonius">Hegemonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_(Manichean)" title="Marcus (Manichean)">Marcus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Persian_religions" title="Three Persian religions">Three Persian religions</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huichang_Persecution_of_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Huichang Persecution of Buddhism">Huichang Persecution of Manichaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6g%C3%BC_Qaghan" title="Bögü Qaghan">Bögü Qaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius-Tychicus" title="Sergius-Tychicus">Sergius-Tychicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_schism_(Manichaeism)" class="mw-redirect" title="East–West schism (Manichaeism)">East-West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_Adi" title="Amr ibn Adi">Amr ibn Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Hil%C4%81l_al-Dayh%C5%ABri" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Hilāl al-Dayhūri">Abū Hilāl al-Dayhūri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_Shinang" title="Lü Shinang">Lü Shinang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Gangra" title="Synod of Gangra">Synod of Gangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Deng" title="Lin Deng">Lin Deng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism#Persecution_and_extinction" title="Manichaeism">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangnan_Stele" title="Cangnan Stele">Cangnan Stele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianku" title="Qianku">Qianku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/See_of_Babylon_(Manichaeism)" class="mw-redirect" title="See of Babylon (Manichaeism)">See of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denawars" class="mw-redirect" title="Denawars">Denawars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astati" title="Astati">Astati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_schisms" title="Manichaean schisms">Miqlāsiyya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism#The_Manichaean_Church" title="Manichaeism">Organisation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archegos_(Manichaeism)" title="Archegos (Manichaeism)">Archegos</a></li> <li>Patriarch</li> <li>Apostle</li> <li>Bishop</li> <li>Presbyter</li> <li>Elect</li> <li>Hearers</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commandments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Seals_(Manichaeism)" title="Three Seals (Manichaeism)">Three Seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%B1cavidy%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Pañcavidyā">Pañcavidyā</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rituals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">Evangelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repentance" title="Repentance">Repentance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao%27an" title="Cao'an">Cao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puxi_Fushou_Palace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puxi Fushou Palace (page does not exist)">Puxi Fushou Palace</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%A6%E8%A5%BF%E5%A2%83%E7%A6%8F%E5%AF%BF%E5%AE%AB" class="extiw" title="zh:浦西境福寿宫">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flying_Road_Pagoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flying Road Pagoda (page does not exist)">Flying Road Pagoda</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E8%B7%AF%E5%A1%94" class="extiw" title="zh:飞路塔">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leshan_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leshan Temple (page does not exist)">Leshan Temple</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%90%E5%B1%B1%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="zh:乐山堂">zh</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_art" title="Manichaean art">Visual art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Birth_of_Mani" title="Birth of Mani">Birth of Mani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arzhang" title="Arzhang">Book of Pictures</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_Diagram_of_the_Universe" title="Manichaean Diagram of the Universe">Diagram of the Universe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Episodes_from_Mani%27s_Missionary_Work" title="Episodes from Mani's Missionary Work">Episodes from Mani's Missionary Work</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Icon_of_Mani" title="Icon of Mani">Icon of Mani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_from_a_Manichaean_book_MIK_III_4959" title="Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4959">Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_from_a_Manichaean_book_MIK_III_4974" title="Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4974">Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_from_a_Manichaean_book_MIK_III_4979" title="Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4979">Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 4979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_from_a_Manichaean_book_MIK_III_6368" title="Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 6368">Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 6368</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_from_a_Manichaean_book_MIK_III_8259" title="Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 8259">Leaf from a Manichaean book MIK III 8259</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mani%27s_Community_Established" title="Mani's Community Established">Mani's Community Established</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mani%27s_Parents" title="Mani's Parents">Mani's Parents</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_stone_reliefs_of_Shangwan_village" title="Manichaean stone reliefs of Shangwan village">Manichaean stone reliefs of Shangwan village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_temple_banner_MIK_III_6286" title="Manichaean temple banner MIK III 6286">Manichaean temple banner MIK III 6286</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_wall_painting_MIK_III_6918" title="Manichaean wall painting MIK III 6918">Manichaean wall painting MIK III 6918</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_Painting_of_the_Buddha_Jesus" title="Manichaean Painting of the Buddha Jesus">Painting of the Buddha Jesus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealstone_of_Mani" title="Sealstone of Mani">Sealstone of Mani</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_Mani%27s_Teaching_of_Salvation" title="Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation">Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_Tree_of_Life" title="Veneration of the Tree of Life">Veneration of the Tree of Life</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writing system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_(Unicode_block)" title="Manichaean (Unicode block)">Manichaean (Unicode block)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Cult" title="Ming Cult">Ming Cult</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gardens_of_Light" title="The Gardens of Light">The Gardens of Light</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Story_of_the_Twin_Dragons_of_Great_Tang" title="Story of the Twin Dragons of Great Tang">Story of the Twin Dragons of Great Tang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_Heaven" title="The Secret of Heaven">The Secret of Heaven</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Notes</i>: † mainly a Tengrist text but recorded in a Manichaean monastery</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prophets_in_the_Quran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prophets_in_the_Quran" title="Template:Prophets in the Quran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prophets_in_the_Quran" title="Template talk:Prophets in the Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets_in_the_Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets in the Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prophets_in_the_Quran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets in the Quran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">آدَم</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِدرِيس</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">نُوح</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">هُود</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">صَالِح</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِبْرَاهِيْم</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">لُوط</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِسْمَاعِيْل</span></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nuh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Salih</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selah_(biblical_figure)" title="Selah (biblical figure)">Selah</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrahim</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismail</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِسْحَاق</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">يَعْقُوب</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">يُوسُف</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">أَيُّوْب</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">شُعَيْب</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">مُوسَى</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">هَارُون</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">ذُو الكِفْل</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">دَاوُد</span></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Is'haq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaqub</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yusuf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyub</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuayb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jethro_(biblical_figure)" title="Jethro (biblical figure)">Jethro</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Musa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Harun</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Kifl" title="Dhu al-Kifl">Dhu l-Kifl</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dawud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">سُلَيْمَان</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">إِلْيَاس</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">اليَسَع</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">يُونُس</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">زَكَرِيَّا</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">يَحْيَى</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">عِيسَى</span></span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><span style="font-size:120%">مُحَمَّد</span></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulayman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah in Islam">Ilyas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elisha_in_Islam" title="Elisha in Islam">Al-Yasa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Yunus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_in_Islam" title="Zechariah in Islam">Zakariya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist_in_Islam" title="John the Baptist in Islam">Yahya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Isa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div>Note: <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> believe that there were many prophets sent by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a> to mankind. The <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Islamic prophets</a> above are only the ones mentioned by name in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#013058; color:#FFFFFF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LDSpriesthood" title="Template:LDSpriesthood"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LDSpriesthood" title="Template talk:LDSpriesthood"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LDSpriesthood" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LDSpriesthood"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div 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class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Priesthood callings</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Church_(LDS_Church)" title="President of the Church (LDS Church)">President of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)" title="President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)">President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acting_President_of_the_Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles">Acting President</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presiding_Bishop_(LDS_Church)" title="Presiding Bishop (LDS Church)">Presiding Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stake_president" class="mw-redirect" title="Stake president">Stake president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Bishop (Latter Day Saints)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_president" title="Temple president">Temple president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_president" title="Mission president">Mission president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Historian_and_Recorder" title="Church Historian and Recorder">Church Historian and Recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_president" title="Branch president">Branch president</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#013058; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quorum_(Latter_Day_Saints)#Quorums_in_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="Quorum (Latter Day Saints)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Priesthood quorums and bodies</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Presidency_(LDS_Church)" title="First Presidency (LDS Church)">First Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)" title="Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)">Quorum of the Twelve Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_the_Disposition_of_the_Tithes" title="Council on the Disposition of the Tithes">Council on the Disposition of the Tithes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Council_of_the_Church" title="Common Council of the Church">Common Council of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Church" title="Council of the Church">Council of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_council_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="High council (Latter Day Saints)">High council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stake_and_ward_council_meetings" title="Stake and ward council meetings">Stake and ward council meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciplinary_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Disciplinary council">Disciplinary council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#013058; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek_priesthood_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Melchizedek priesthood (Latter Day Saints)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Melchizedek priesthood</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostle_(Latter_Day_Saints)#Apostles_in_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="Apostle (Latter Day Saints)">Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_(LDS_Church)" title="Seventy (LDS Church)">Seventy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_(Latter_Day_Saints)#Patriarch_in_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="Patriarch (Latter Day Saints)">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_priest_(Latter_Day_Saints)#High_priests_in_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="High priest (Latter Day Saints)">High priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Elder (Latter Day Saints)">Elder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#013058; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aaronic_priesthood_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Aaronic priesthood (Latter Day Saints)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Aaronic priesthood</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Latter_Day_Saints)#Bishops_in_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="Bishop (Latter Day Saints)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest_(Latter_Day_Saints)#Priests_in_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="Priest (Latter Day Saints)">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacher_(Latter_Day_Saints)#Teachers_in_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Teacher (Latter Day Saints)">Teacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon_(Latter_Day_Saints)#Deacons_in_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Deacon (Latter Day Saints)">Deacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#013058; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Defunct</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_President_of_the_Church" title="Assistant President of the Church">Assistant President of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_to_the_Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Assistant to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles">Assistant to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_representative_of_the_Twelve" title="Regional representative of the Twelve">Regional representative of the Twelve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presiding_Patriarch#Duties_within_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="Presiding Patriarch">Presiding Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_emeritus#Patriarch_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch emeritus">Patriarch emeritus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#013058; color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Portal:Latter Day Saint movement"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Latter Day Saint Movement</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baháʼí_Faith_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Template:Baháʼí"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Template talk:Baháʼí"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baháʼí"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baháʼí_Faith_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Outline of the Baháʼí Faith">Outline of the Baháʼí Faith</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Baháʼu'lláh">Baháʼu'lláh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">The Báb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahai_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/70px-Bahai_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/105px-Bahai_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bahai_star.svg/140px-Bahai_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_teachings" title="Baháʼí teachings">Baháʼí teachings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="God in the Baháʼí Faith">Unity of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_humanity" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of humanity">Unity of humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_religion" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion">Unity of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_world_order_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="New world order (Baháʼí)">New World Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_revelation_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Progressive revelation (Baháʼí)">Progressive revelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh">Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_laws" title="Baháʼí laws">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Prayer in the Baháʼí Faith">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_pilgrimage" title="Baháʼí pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Day_Feast" title="Nineteen Day Feast">Nineteen Day Feast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_literature" title="Baháʼí literature">Baháʼí literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-Aqdas" title="Kitáb-i-Aqdas">Kitáb-i-Aqdas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%A1b-i-%C3%8Dq%C3%A1n" title="Kitáb-i-Íqán">Kitáb-i-Íqán</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Words" title="Hidden Words">The Hidden Words</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Some_Answered_Questions" title="Some Answered Questions">Some Answered Questions</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_administration" title="Baháʼí administration">Baháʼí administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_International_Community" title="Baháʼí International Community">Baháʼí International Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Teaching_Centre" title="International Teaching Centre">International Teaching Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_the_Counsellors" title="Institution of the Counsellors">Institution of the Counsellors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Assembly" title="Spiritual Assembly">Spiritual Assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="History of the Baháʼí Faith">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_timeline" title="Baháʼí timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_of_the_Living" title="Letters of the Living">Letters of the Living</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mull%C3%A1_Husayn" title="Mullá Husayn">Mullá Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1hirih" title="Táhirih">Táhirih</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD%E2%80%93Azali_split" title="Baháʼí–Azali split">Baháʼí–Azali split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_of_the_Cause" title="Hands of the Cause">Hands of the Cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="List of Baháʼís">Others</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_converts_to_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="List of converts to the Baháʼí Faith">Converts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="List of former Baháʼís">Ex-Baháʼís</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_World_Centre" title="Baháʼí World Centre">World Centre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship" title="Baháʼí House of Worship">Mashriqu'l-Adhkár</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Houses_of_Worship" title="List of Baháʼí Houses of Worship">List</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haziratu%27l-Quds" title="Haziratu'l-Quds">Haziratu'l-Quds</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh">Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_B%C3%A1b" title="Shrine of the Báb">Shrine of the Báb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="Shrine of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">Shrine of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Shrine" title="Montréal Bahá'í Shrine">Montréal Bahá'í Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADy%C3%A1h-Ch%C3%A1l" title="Síyáh-Chál">Síyáh-Chál</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b%27s_house" title="Báb's house">Báb's house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bah%C3%A1%27u%27ll%C3%A1h_in_Baghdad" title="House of Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdad">House of Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Ridv%C3%A1n,_Baghdad" title="Garden of Ridván, Baghdad">Garden of Ridván, Baghdad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_development_and_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Socioeconomic development and the Baháʼí Faith">Socioeconomic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_cosmology" title="Baháʼí cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_symbols" title="Baháʼí symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_prophecies" title="Baháʼí prophecies">Prophecies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_views_on_homosexuality" title="Baháʼí views on homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_gender_equality" title="Baháʼí Faith and gender equality">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_views_on_science" title="Baháʼí views on science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_by_country" title="Baháʼí Faith by country">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_orthography" title="Baháʼí orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasjil" title="Tasjil">Tasjil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_review" title="Baháʼí review">Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_fiction" title="Baháʼí Faith in fiction">Baháʼí Faith in fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attempted_schisms_in_the_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Attempted schisms in the Baháʼí Faith">Attempted schisms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Orthodox Baháʼí Faith">Orthodox Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs_Under_the_Provisions_of_the_Covenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Baháʼís Under the Provisions of the Covenant">Baháʼís Under the Provisions of the Covenant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" title="Category:Bahá'í Faith">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thelema" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thelema_series" title="Template:Thelema series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thelema_series" title="Template talk:Thelema series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thelema_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thelema series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thelema" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%E2%88%B4A%E2%88%B4" title="A∴A∴">A∴A∴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Gnostica_Catholica" title="Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica">Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternitas_Saturni" title="Fraternitas Saturni">Fraternitas Saturni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic#James_Lees" title="Ceremonial magic">O∴A∴A∴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Open Source Order of the Golden Dawn">Open Source Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_Ordo_Templi_Orientis" class="mw-redirect" title="Society Ordo Templi Orientis">Society Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelemic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn">Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhonian_Order" title="Typhonian Order">Typhonian Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thelemites" title="List of Thelemites">List of Thelemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu_i" title="Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu i">Ankh-af-na-khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Anger" title="Kenneth Anger">Kenneth Anger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Allan_Bennett" title="Charles Henry Allan Bennett">Allan Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Breeze" title="William Breeze">William Breeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Butts" title="Mary Butts">Mary Butts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Cameron" title="Marjorie Cameron">Marjorie Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lon_Milo_DuQuette" title="Lon Milo DuQuette">Lon Milo DuQuette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Robert_Foster" title="Jeanne Robert Foster">Jeanne Robert Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._F._C._Fuller" title="J. F. C. Fuller">J. F. C. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Germer" title="Karl Germer">Karl Germer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Grant" title="Kenneth Grant">Kenneth Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Frieda_Harris" title="Lady Frieda Harris">Lady Frieda Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Hirsig" title="Leah Hirsig">Leah Hirsig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hyatt" title="Christopher Hyatt">Christopher Hyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stansfeld_Jones" title="Charles Stansfeld Jones">Charles Stansfeld Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cecil_Jones" title="George Cecil Jones">George Cecil Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kaczynski" title="Richard Kaczynski">Richard Kaczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Edith_Kelly" title="Rose Edith Kelly">Rose Edith Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic#James_Lees" title="Ceremonial magic">James Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grady_Louis_McMurtry" title="Grady Louis McMurtry">Grady Louis McMurtry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogg_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogg Morgan">Mogg Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ramos_Motta" title="Marcelo Ramos Motta">Marcelo Ramos Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nema_Andahadna" title="Nema Andahadna">Nema Andahadna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Neuburg_(poet)" title="Victor Neuburg (poet)">Victor Neuburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Northrup_Hollister" title="Sara Northrup Hollister">Sara Northrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Parsons" title="Jack Parsons">Jack Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Parsons_Smith" title="Helen Parsons Smith">Helen Parsons Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Reuss" title="Theodor Reuss">Theodor Reuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._Russell" title="C. F. Russell">C. F. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Seckler" title="Phyllis Seckler">Phyllis Seckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Talbot_Smith" title="Wilfred Talbot Smith">Wilfred Talbot Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Waddell" title="Leila Waddell">Leila Waddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wasserman" title="James Wasserman">James Wasserman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Webster_(writer)" title="Sam Webster (writer)">Sam Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Wolfe" title="Jane Wolfe">Jane Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Thelemic_texts" title="Category:Thelemic texts">Thelemic texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley_bibliography" title="Aleister Crowley bibliography">Aleister Crowley bibliography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lies_(Crowley)" title="The Book of Lies (Crowley)">The Book of Lies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_the_Law" title="The Book of the Law"><i>The Book of the Law</i> (<i>Liber AL vel Legis</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Thoth" title="The Book of Thoth">The Book of Thoth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clouds_without_Water" title="Clouds without Water">Clouds without Water</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collected_Works_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="Collected Works of Aleister Crowley">Collected Works</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="The Confessions of Aleister Crowley">Confessions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Drug_Fiend" title="The Diary of a Drug Fiend">The Diary of a Drug Fiend</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Lectures_on_Yoga" title="Eight Lectures on Yoga">Eight Lectures on Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Equinox" title="The Equinox">The Equinox</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Equinox" title="The Blue Equinox">The Blue Equinox</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Equinox_of_the_Gods" title="The Equinox of the Gods">The Equinox of the Gods</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Books_of_Thelema" title="The Holy Books of Thelema">The Holy Books of Thelema</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Konx_Om_Pax" title="Konx Om Pax">Konx Om Pax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Law_is_for_All" title="The Law is for All">The Law is for All</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/777_and_Other_Qabalistic_Writings_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="777 and Other Qabalistic Writings of Aleister Crowley">Liber 777</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Aleph" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Aleph">Liber Aleph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_OZ" title="Liber OZ">Liber OZ</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Resh" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Resh">Liber Resh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Trigrammaton" title="Liber Trigrammaton">Liber Trigrammaton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Essays_Toward_Truth" title="Little Essays Toward Truth">Little Essays Toward Truth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magick_(Book_4)" title="Magick (Book 4)">Magick (Book 4)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magick_Without_Tears" title="Magick Without Tears">Magick Without Tears</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moonchild_(novel)" title="Moonchild (novel)">Moonchild</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Star_in_Sight" title="One Star in Sight">One Star in Sight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stratagem_and_other_Stories" title="The Stratagem and other Stories">The Stratagem and other Stories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thoth_Tarot" title="Thoth Tarot">Thoth Tarot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vision_and_the_Voice" title="The Vision and the Voice">The Vision and the Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Stains" title="White Stains">White Stains</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thelema#93" title="Thelema">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyss_(Thelema)" title="Abyss (Thelema)">Abyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeon_(Thelema)" title="Aeon (Thelema)">Aeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_light" title="Body of light">Body of light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Qaballa" title="English Qaballa">English Qaballa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Work_(Thelema)" title="Great Work (Thelema)">Great Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Qabalah" title="Hermetic Qabalah">Hermetic Qabalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel#Thelema" title="Guardian angel">Holy Guardian Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_formula" title="Magical formula">Magical formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Pan" title="Night of Pan">Night of Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stele_of_Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu" title="Stele of Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu">Stele of Revealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Stellar wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Will" title="True Will">True Will</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magick</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrahadabra" title="Abrahadabra">Abrahadabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian_magic" title="Enochian magic">Enochian magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eroto-comatose_lucidity" title="Eroto-comatose lucidity">Eroto-comatose lucidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcery_(goetia)" title="Sorcery (goetia)">Goetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah_and_wanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Obeah and wanga">Obeah and wanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremony and ritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liber_Resh_vel_Helios" title="Liber Resh vel Helios">Liber Resh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagram_ritual" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentagram ritual">Pentagram Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornless_Ritual" title="Bornless Ritual">Bornless Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_XV,_The_Gnostic_Mass" title="Liber XV, The Gnostic Mass">Gnostic Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rites_of_Eleusis" title="Rites of Eleusis">Rites of Eleusis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Godforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuit" title="Nuit">Nuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadit" title="Hadit">Hadit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ra-ha" title="Heru-ra-ha">Heru-ra-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiwass" title="Aiwass">Aiwass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therion_(Thelema)" title="Therion (Thelema)">Therion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babalon" title="Babalon">Babalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)#Greco-Roman_tradition" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Ma'at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbolism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagram" title="Pentagram">Pentagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Cross" title="Rose Cross">Rose Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(Kabbalah)" title="Tree of life (Kabbalah)">Tree of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicursal_hexagram" title="Unicursal hexagram">Unicursal hexagram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Thelema" title="Abbey of Thelema">Abbey of Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abramelin_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Abramelin oil">Abramelin oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape_Lodge" title="Agape Lodge">Agape Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleskine_House" title="Boleskine House">Boleskine House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Abramelin" title="The Book of Abramelin">Book of Abramelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cake_of_Light" title="Cake of Light">Cake of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choronzon" title="Choronzon">Choronzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianism" title="Dianism">Dianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPSOS" title="IPSOS">IPSOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_alphabet" title="Magical alphabet">Magical alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">Solar deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Lodge" title="Solar Lodge">Solar Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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