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href="/uk/privacy-policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/uk/terms-and-conditions">Terms and conditions</a></li> <li><a href="/uk/corrections">Corrections and complaints</a></li> </ul> </nav> </aside> <section class="grid-twelve grid-last"> <h1 class="legacy page-header">Partners and funders</h1> <article class="content"> <section id="founding-partners" class="partner"> <h2> Founding Partners </h2> <p>Without the support of Founding Partners The Conversation would not have started. So it’s hats off to Cardiff University, City St George's, University of London, Durham University, Lancaster University, Queen's University Belfast, The Open University, University College London, University of Birmingham, University of Bradford, University of Bristol, University of Leeds, University of Liverpool, University of Nottingham, University of Salford, University of Sheffield, University of Surrey, and University of Warwick who saw the value of helping us develop a new independent information channel that would also showcase the talent and knowledge of the university and research sector.</p> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-cardiff-university" > <a href="/institutions/cardiff-university-1257"> <h3>Cardiff University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Cardiff University is a world-leading, research excellent, educationally outstanding university, driven by creativity and curiosity, which fulfils its social, cultural and economic obligations to Cardiff… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1257/logos/logo-1367456425.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-city-university-london" > <a href="/institutions/city-st-georges-university-of-london-1047"> <h3>City St George's, University of London</h3> <p class="grid-four"> City St George’s, University of London is the University of business, practice and the professions. City St George’s attracts around 27,000 students from more than 150 countries. Our academic range is… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/307/logos/logo-1727945550.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-durham-university" > <a href="/institutions/durham-university-867"> <h3>Durham University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Durham University is a globally outstanding centre of teaching and research based in historic Durham City in the UK. We are a collegiate university committed to inspiring our people to do outstanding things… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/438/logos/logo-1562060052.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-lancaster-university" > <a href="/institutions/lancaster-university-1176"> <h3>Lancaster University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Lancaster University is a research intensive university ranked in the UK’s top ten. Around 16,000 students from more than 100 countries choose to study at Lancaster because of our excellent reputation… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/433/logos/logo-1410931931.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-queens-university-belfast" > <a href="/institutions/queens-university-belfast-687"> <h3>Queen's University Belfast</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Queen's University Belfast is a member of the Russell Group of 24 leading UK research-intensive universities, providing world-class education underpinned by world-class research. Founded as Queen’s College… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/436/logos/logo-1510052987.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-the-open-university" > <a href="/institutions/the-open-university-748"> <h3>The Open University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The Open University is a world leader in modern distance learning, the pioneer of teaching and learning methods which enable people to achieve their career and life goals studying at times and in places… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1783/logos/logo-1691750034.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-college-london" > <a href="/institutions/ucl-1885"> <h3>University College London</h3> <p class="grid-four"> UCL was established in 1826 to open up education in England for the first time to students of any race, class or religion. Its founding principles of academic excellence and research aimed at addressing… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1885/logos/logo-1423469087.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-birmingham" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-birmingham-1138"> <h3>University of Birmingham</h3> <p class="grid-four"> A leading research-intensive university, the University of Birmingham is a vibrant, global community and an internationally-renowned institution, in the top 20 in the UK and 100 globally. With approximately… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1138/logos/logo-1367456415.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-bradford" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-bradford-911"> <h3>University of Bradford</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Founded in 1966, the University of Bradford is a research-active institution, ranked in the top 50 in the UK for the quality of its research, with three quarters being classed as either world-leading or… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/825/logos/logo-1554806904.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-bristol" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-bristol-1211"> <h3>University of Bristol</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Bristol's roots date back to 1876. Since its formation it has become one of the leading institutions among the UK's Russell Group of universities and operates globally, where it is recognised… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1211/logos/logo-1726241858.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-leeds" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-leeds-1122"> <h3>University of Leeds</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Leeds in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire was founded in 1904, but its origins go back to the nineteenth century with the founding of the Leeds School of Medicine in 1831 and the Yorkshire… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/434/logos/logo-1384925689.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-liverpool" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-liverpool-1198"> <h3>University of Liverpool</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Liverpool is one of the UK’s leading research institutions with an annual turnover of £420 million, including £150 million for research. Liverpool is ranked in the top 1% of higher education… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1198/logos/logo-1367456586.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-nottingham" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-nottingham-1192"> <h3>University of Nottingham</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Nottingham has 42,000 students and is ‘the nearest Britain has to a truly global university, with campuses in China and Malaysia modelled on a headquarters that is among the most attractive… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/435/logos/logo-1529587398.PNG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-salford" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-salford-878"> <h3>University of Salford</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Salford is an ambitious university at the heart of a fast-developing community. Its expertise is helping to transform individuals and communities through teaching, research, innovation and engagement… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1603/logos/logo-1651682356.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-sheffield" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-sheffield-1147"> <h3>University of Sheffield</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Sheffield was named UK University of the Year 2011 in the Times Higher Education Awards. Judges said that the University "stood out as a result of a strategy based on its values and rooted… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/312/logos/logo-1678962497.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-surrey" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-surrey-1201"> <h3>University of Surrey</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Surrey is a global university, renowned for the outstanding quality and impact of its graduates and research, as well as its collective contribution to society. Since the University’s… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1201/logos/logo-1701170250.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-warwick" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-warwick-1238"> <h3>University of Warwick</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Warwick is a public research university on the outskirts of Coventry in the West Midlands. The University was founded in 1965 as part of a government initiative to expand higher education… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1502/logos/logo-1629714172.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> </section> <!-- prevents bad layout behaviour when an odd number of partners is in a section --> <section id="funding-partners" class="partner"> <h2> Funders </h2> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-5-media" > <a href="/uk/partners/5-media"> <h3>5 Media</h3> <p class="grid-four"> 5 is a non-profit foundation supporting projects imagined, developed and led by the 5 community with funding, resources and storytelling in order to co-create a more sustainable future. <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1436/logos/logo-1607094487.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-isrf" > <a href="/institutions/independent-social-research-foundation-5188"> <h3>ISRF</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The Independent Social Research Foundation (ISRF) is a public benefit foundation funded by a group of private philanthropists with interests in academia and social science, founded in 2008. It is dedicated… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/942/logos/logo-1545306846.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-research-england" > <a href="/uk/partners/research-england"> <h3>Research England</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Research England creates and sustains the conditions for a healthy and dynamic research and knowledge exchange system in English universities. We do this through: Providing performance-based, institution-focussed… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1215/logos/logo-1662042294.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> </section> <section id="members" class="partner"> <h2> Members </h2> <p>Universities and research institutes support The Conversation by joining as financial members to safeguard the current service and help us improve our coverage and features.</p> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-aberystwyth-university" > <a href="/institutions/aberystwyth-university-999"> <h3>Aberystwyth University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Aberystwyth University possesses a long and distinguished record of undertaking cutting edge research that has been recognised as being world leading or internationally excellent in terms of originality… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/997/logos/logo-1500291139.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-anglia-ruskin-university" > <a href="/institutions/anglia-ruskin-university-1887"> <h3>Anglia Ruskin University (ARU)</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) transforms lives through innovative, inclusive and entrepreneurial education and research. ARU is the UK University of the Year (Times Higher Education Awards 2023), holds… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1887/logos/logo-1648760671.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-aston-university" > <a href="/institutions/aston-university-1107"> <h3>Aston University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Aston University was founded as a Technical School in 1895. It has evolved over the last 120 years to become a research-led university known for world-class teaching quality, strong links to industry and… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1107/logos/logo-1384535480.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-bangor-university" > <a href="/institutions/bangor-university-1221"> <h3>Bangor University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> A reputation for excellence Founded in 1884, Bangor University has a long tradition of academic excellence and a strong focus on the student experience. Situated in one of the most vibrant bilingual areas… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/546/logos/logo-1421080685.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-birmingham-city-university" > <a href="/institutions/birmingham-city-university-920"> <h3>Birmingham City University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Birmingham City University is dedicated to transforming the prospects of our learners, inspiring them to become makers and doers. We are an integral part of the city in which we are based, with courses… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/920/logos/logo-1529573288.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-bocconi-university" > <a href="/institutions/bocconi-university-3019"> <h3>Bocconi University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Università Bocconi, founded in 1902, was the first Italian university to grant a degree in economics. For a century, Bocconi has played a leading role in Italy’s social and economic modernization. It has… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1602/logos/logo-1651682222.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-bournemouth-university" > <a href="/institutions/bournemouth-university-1215"> <h3>Bournemouth University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Bournemouth University (BU) is based on the south coast of England and is recognised as one of the most innovative universities in the UK; bringing together professional and academic excellence. BU’s core… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/893/logos/logo-1553683475.JPG?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-brunel-university" > <a href="/institutions/brunel-university-of-london-1685"> <h3>Brunel University of London</h3> <p class="grid-four"> At Brunel, our academics include top scientists, engineers, UN rapporteurs, government advisers and award-winning writers. As a top 40 research-intensive university, we partner with peers across the world… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1685/logos/logo-1728582268.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-cardiff-metropolitan-university" > <a href="/institutions/cardiff-metropolitan-university-1585"> <h3>Cardiff Metropolitan University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Cardiff Metropolitan University (Welsh: Prifysgol Metropolitan Caerdydd) traces its history back to 1865, when the Cardiff School of Art first opened, later becoming the University of Wales Institute… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/488/logos/logo-1718036400.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-coventry-university" > <a href="/institutions/coventry-university-1346"> <h3>Coventry University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Coventry University is a public research university in the city of Coventry, England. It was established as a university through the Further and Higher Education Act 1992, and was formerly known as Lanchester… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1346/logos/logo-1369402272.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-de-montford-university" > <a href="/institutions/de-montfort-university-1254"> <h3>De Montfort University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Based in Leicester, in the heart of England, we are a university of quality and distinctiveness and our contribution to the world around us is significant: we boost the UK economy by £389 million each… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1007/logos/logo-1504257832.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-dublin-city-university" > <a href="/institutions/dublin-city-university-1528"> <h3>Dublin City University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Dublin City University is situated between Glasnevin, Santry, Ballymun and Whitehall on the Northside of Dublin. Created as the National Institute for Higher Education, Dublin in 1975, it enrolled its… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1821/logos/logo-1699888682.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-edge-hill-university" > <a href="/institutions/edge-hill-university-1356"> <h3>Edge Hill University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Founded in 1885 as the first non-denominational teacher training college for women in England, Edge Hill was named after the district of Liverpool where the original building was sited. The institution… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/828/logos/logo-1669289239.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-edinburgh-napier-university" > <a href="/institutions/edinburgh-napier-university-696"> <h3>Edinburgh Napier University </h3> <p class="grid-four"> "Edinburgh Napier University delivers the skills and experience that matter to over 19,500 students from more than 140 countries. We combine professional know-how with an academic approach and work-related… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/483/logos/logo-1606747890.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-karolinska-institutet" > <a href="/institutions/karolinska-institutet-1250"> <h3>Karolinska Institutet</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Karolinska Institutet is one of the world’s leading medical universities. Our vision is to advance knowledge about life and strive towards better health for all. As a university, KI is Sweden’s single… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1447/logos/logo-1699869201.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-keele-university" > <a href="/institutions/keele-university-1012"> <h3>Keele University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Keele University was born from a pioneering vision of a different kind of university. Established in 1949 by Lord Lindsay, the former Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, Keele’s founding aim was to produce… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/837/logos/logo-1626185457.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-kings-college-london" > <a href="/institutions/kings-college-london-1196"> <h3>King's College London</h3> <p class="grid-four"> King's College London is one of the top 20 universities in the world (2015/16 QS World University Rankings) and among the oldest in England. King's has more than 27,600 students (of whom nearly 10,500… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/484/logos/logo-1559709453.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-kingston-university" > <a href="/institutions/kingston-university-949"> <h3>Kingston University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> We are proud to be ranked a top 5 university in London for 21 subject areas. The University topped the national tables for interior design and was named second in the country for fashion and textiles and… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1823/logos/logo-1696250417.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-leeds-beckett-university" > <a href="/institutions/leeds-beckett-university-1315"> <h3>Leeds Beckett University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Here at Leeds Beckett, we are a modern professional university with ambition. Based in the vibrant city of Leeds, the biggest financial district outside of London, our vision is to be acknowledged for… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/912/logos/logo-1548063926.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-leiden-university" > <a href="/institutions/leiden-university-935"> <h3>Leiden University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Leiden University was founded in 1575 and is one of the leading international research universities in Europe. The University has seven faculties: Law, Archeaology, Social Sciences, Humanities, Medicine… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/935/logos/logo-1538057716.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-liverpool-hope-university" > <a href="/institutions/liverpool-hope-university-692"> <h3>Liverpool Hope University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Liverpool Hope University is distinctive in that it is the only university foundation in Europe (and the USA) where Catholic and Anglican colleges have come together to form an integrated, ecumenical… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1855/logos/logo-1701432149.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-liverpool-john-moores-university" > <a href="/institutions/liverpool-john-moores-university-1319"> <h3>Liverpool John Moores University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The Liverpool Mechanics Institute was founded in 1823 by people of power and influence who recognised the transformative effects of education and the impact that learning and aspiration could have on individuals… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/838/logos/logo-1627037283.gif?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-london-school-of-economics-and-political-science" > <a href="/institutions/london-school-of-economics-and-political-science-1219"> <h3>London School of Economics and Political Science</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) studies the social sciences in their broadest sense, with an academic profile spanning a wide range of disciplines, from economics, politics and… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1928/logos/logo-1737323504.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-london-south-bank-university" > <a href="/institutions/london-south-bank-university-909"> <h3>London South Bank University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> London South Bank University (LSBU) is one of London’s largest and oldest universities. Since 1892 we have been providing students with vocationally-relevant, accredited and professionally recognised education… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1524/logos/logo-1638372378.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-loughborough" > <a href="/institutions/loughborough-university-1336"> <h3>Loughborough University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough for post-nominals) is a public research university located in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, in the East Midlands of England. In March 2013… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/827/logos/logo-1459376879.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-lund-university" > <a href="/institutions/lund-university-756"> <h3>Lund University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Lund University was founded in 1666 and is repeatedly ranked among the world’s top universities. The University has around 47 000 students and 8 800 staff based in Lund, Helsingborg and Malmö. We are united… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/756/logos/logo-1372088989.gif?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-manchester-metropolitan-university" > <a href="/institutions/manchester-metropolitan-university-860"> <h3>Manchester Metropolitan University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU) has around 40,000 students, over 4,000 members of staff, and is home to four faculties (Arts and Humanities, Business and Law, Health and Education and Science… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1853/logos/logo-1701436595.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-newcastle-university" > <a href="/institutions/newcastle-university-906"> <h3>Newcastle University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Newcastle University is a public research university located in Newcastle upon Tyne in the north-east of England. Established as a School of Medicine and Surgery in 1834, it became the University of Newcastle… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/648/logos/logo-1439444419.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-northumbria-university-newcastle" > <a href="/institutions/northumbria-university-newcastle-821"> <h3>Northumbria University, Newcastle</h3> <p class="grid-four"> As a research-rich, business-focussed, professional University, Northumbria creates and applies knowledge that transforms lives and makes a powerful cultural and economic impact. Based in two of the UK’s… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/511/logos/logo-1518434039.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-nottingham-trent-university" > <a href="/institutions/nottingham-trent-university-1338"> <h3>Nottingham Trent University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Throughout our long history, we have remained true to a mission focused on students' ambitions and employers' needs. Today, our close links with employers and strength in employability have gained us a… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1338/logos/logo-1632316872.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-quadram-institute" > <a href="/institutions/quadram-institute-5557"> <h3>Quadram Institute</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The Quadram Institute is at the forefront of a new era of food and health research, working at the interface between food science, gut biology and health. It will develop solutions to worldwide challenges… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1600/logos/logo-1649751315.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-queen-marys-college" > <a href="/institutions/queen-mary-university-of-london-1745"> <h3>Queen Mary University of London</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) is a research university and constituent college of the University of London, dating back to the foundation of London Hospital Medical College in 1785. Based in Mile… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1745/logos/logo-1417387260.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-rcsi-royal-college-of-surgeons-in-ireland" > <a href="/institutions/rcsi-university-of-medicine-and-health-sciences-788"> <h3>RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences</h3> <p class="grid-four"> RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences is ranked first in the world for our contribution to UN Sustainable Development Goal 3, Good Health and Well-being, in the Times Higher Education (THE) University… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/788/logos/logo-1614692632.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-royal-holloway" > <a href="/institutions/royal-holloway-university-of-london-795"> <h3>Royal Holloway</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Royal Holloway is one of the UK’s leading research-intensive universities, which is ranked in the top 20 universities in the UK and the top 300 universities in the world by the Times Higher Education World… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/795/logos/logo-1393583842.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-school-of-advanced-study-university-of-london" > <a href="/institutions/school-of-advanced-study-university-of-london-1058"> <h3>School of Advanced Study, University of London</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Founded in 1994, the School exists to protect, foster and develop an approach to advanced study which was evolved by its constituent institutes, many of which have long and distinguished histories. It… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1774/logos/logo-1692172489.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-sheffield-hallam-university" > <a href="/institutions/sheffield-hallam-university-846"> <h3>Sheffield Hallam University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Sheffield Hallam University is a large modern university in the north of England. The University is one of the largest in the UK, with around 31,000 students from across the globe studying more than 700… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/846/logos/logo-1702464283.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-soas-university-of-london" > <a href="/institutions/soas-university-of-london-975"> <h3>SOAS, University of London</h3> <p class="grid-four"> SOAS University of London is the only higher education institution in Europe specialising in the study of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. It is a global academic base with the highest concentration of… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/975/logos/logo-1615979762.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-stockholm-university" > <a href="/institutions/stockholm-university-1019"> <h3>Stockholm University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Since 1878 Stockholm University has been characterised by openness and innovation. A modern university with a multicultural environment, Stockholm University is one of the world’s top 100 higher education… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1321/logos/logo-1568886623.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-swansea" > <a href="/institutions/swansea-university-2638"> <h3>Swansea University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Founded in 1920, Swansea University is a research-led, dual campus university located along Swansea Bay in south Wales, UK. Its stunning beachfront campuses and friendly welcome make Swansea University… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/868/logos/logo-1552647893.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-edinburgh" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-edinburgh-905"> <h3>The University of Edinburgh</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Founded in 1583, the University of Edinburgh is one of the world’s top universities. It is globally recognised for its research, development and high-quality teaching, attracting some of the world’s leading… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1624/logos/logo-1662129567.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-trinity-college-dublin" > <a href="/institutions/trinity-college-dublin-701"> <h3>Trinity College Dublin</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Trinity College builds on its 400-year-old tradition of scholarship to confirm its position as one of the great universities of the world, providing a liberal environment where independence of thought… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/917/logos/logo-1484650159.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-united-nations-university" > <a href="/institutions/united-nations-university-694"> <h3>United Nations University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The United Nations University (UNU) is a global research and postgraduate teaching organisation headquartered in Japan. The mission of the UNU is to contribute, through collaborative research and education… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1312/logos/logo-1575287219.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-college-cork" > <a href="/institutions/university-college-cork-1321"> <h3>University College Cork</h3> <p class="grid-four"> UCC was established in 1845 as one of three Queen’s Colleges at Cork, Galway and Belfast. The site chosen for the college is particularly appropriate given its connection with the patron saint of Cork… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1322/logos/logo-1572453885.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-college-dublin" > <a href="/institutions/university-college-dublin-1365"> <h3>University College Dublin</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Established in 1854, University College Dublin (UCD) is Ireland’s largest, most diverse and globally engaged research intensive university with over 30,000 students from some 120 countries worldwide. Founded… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/758/logos/logo-1450834449.gif?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-bath" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-bath-1325"> <h3>University of Bath</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Bath is a leading UK research university, dedicated to making a positive impact to the world we live in. The superb facilities and practical support available at the University has created… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/547/logos/logo-1421081093.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-cambridge" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-cambridge-1283"> <h3>University of Cambridge</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Cambridge is one of the world's oldest universities and leading academic centres, and a self-governed community of scholars. Cambridge comprises 31 Colleges and over 150 departments… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1283/logos/logo-1420628580.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-central-lancashire" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-central-lancashire-1272"> <h3>University of Central Lancashire</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Central Lancashire (or UCLan) is a university based in Preston, Lancashire, England. It has its roots in The Institution For The Diffusion Of Useful Knowledge which was founded in 1828… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/829/logos/logo-1600678269.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-east-anglia" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-east-anglia-1268"> <h3>University of East Anglia</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of East Anglia (UEA) is an internationally renowned university based in a campus that provides top quality academic, social and cultural facilities to over 13,000 students. <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/867/logos/logo-1464566047.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-east-london" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-east-london-924"> <h3>University of East London</h3> <p class="grid-four"> A “new” University with more than a century of history behind it, the University of East London and its founding institutions have a long tradition of being at the forefront of innovation in education… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/866/logos/logo-1562881291.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-essex" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-essex-1291"> <h3>University of Essex</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Essex has been excelling in both education and research for more than fifty years. Essex is gold rated in the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF 2017), top 15 in England for student satisfaction… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1291/logos/logo-1645803104.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-exeter" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-exeter-1190"> <h3>University of Exeter</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Exeter is a Russell Group university that combines world-class research with very high levels of student satisfaction. It is one of the global top 100 universities according to the Times… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1880/logos/logo-1709548630.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-national-university-of-ireland-galway" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-galway-2699"> <h3>University of Galway</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Established in 1845, the University of Galway is an Irish-English bilingual public research-led university in the city of Galway, on the west coast of Ireland. The University is ranked among the top 2… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1611/logos/logo-1663778365.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-glasgow" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-glasgow-1269"> <h3>University of Glasgow</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Glasgow has been inspiring people to change the world for over 550 years and is a member of the prestigious Russell Group of leading UK research universities. As a world top 100 university… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1269/logos/logo-1436173876.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-greenwich" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-greenwich-1298"> <h3>University of Greenwich</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Greenwich is a leading London university, with an innovative and modern approach to teaching, research and enterprise. The university has three magnificent, historic campuses in south-east… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1699/logos/logo-1673819229.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-hull" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-hull-1191"> <h3>University of Hull</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Hull has been changing the world and changing lives since 1927. In a rapidly altering world, our research is responding to some of the biggest global challenges. Our current work ranges… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1482/logos/logo-1723110272.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-leicester" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-leicester-1053"> <h3>University of Leicester</h3> <p class="grid-four"> We think a university should be about empowering people to explore what they don’t know; through passionate, dedicated teaching and innovative, world-changing research. By embracing the fact that we’re… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/492/logos/logo-1443534224.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-limerick" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-limerick-2760"> <h3>University of Limerick</h3> <p class="grid-four"> University of Limerick (UL), is located in the Wild Atlantic Gateway city of Limerick on the west coast of Ireland. With over 18000 students, including more than 3,300 internationally mobile students each… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1860/logos/logo-1704189399.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-lincoln" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-lincoln-885"> <h3>University of Lincoln</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Lincoln has enjoyed a meteoric rise up the university league tables for good reason: we put students at the heart of everything we do. Added to that, we are a research-based university… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1739/logos/logo-1684140123.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-london" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-london-1466"> <h3>University of London</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of London is the UK’s leading provider of digital and blended distance education internationally, established by Royal Charter in 1836 and now offering programmes to 45,000 students in 190… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1786/logos/logo-1692172582.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-manchester" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-manchester-1204"> <h3>University of Manchester</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Manchester, a member of the Russell Group, is one of the largest and most popular universities in the UK. It has 20 academic schools and hundreds of specialist research groups undertaking… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/995/logos/logo-1500289798.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-oxford" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-oxford-1260"> <h3>University of Oxford</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. Teaching has taken place at Oxford since 1096. Oxford has the largest volume of world-leading research in the country, rating… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1260/logos/logo-1424731486.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-plymouth" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-plymouth-717"> <h3>University of Plymouth</h3> <p class="grid-four"> A three times Queens Anniversary Prize winner, we have a proud reputation for conducting world-leading, impactful research. From health technologies to heritage; marine sciences to medicine; psychology… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/717/logos/logo-1614769003.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-portsmouth" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-portsmouth-1302"> <h3>University of Portsmouth</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Portsmouth is a modern university with a strong reputation for quality teaching and sustained, high levels of student satisfaction. Its academics possess notable research strengths and… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/875/logos/logo-1504172911.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-reading" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-reading-902"> <h3>University of Reading</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Reading is one of the UK’s leading research universities – a global institution that enjoys a world-class reputation for research, teaching and enterprise. The University was established… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1042/logos/logo-1511529160.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-southampton" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-southampton-1093"> <h3>University of Southampton</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Southampton is a public research university located in Southampton, United Kingdom and is a founding member of the Russell Group. It is a member of the European University Association… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/490/logos/logo-1647351769.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-south-wales" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-south-wales-1586"> <h3>University of South Wales</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of South Wales was formed in 2013 by the merger of the University of Glamorgan and the University of Wales, Newport. Both previous institutions were founded by leading industrialists and… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1142/logos/logo-1642758531.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-st-andrews" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-st-andrews-1280"> <h3>University of St Andrews</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Founded in the 15th century, St Andrews is Scotland's first university and the third oldest in the English speaking world. Teaching began in the community of St Andrews in 1410, and the University was… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1346/logos/logo-1576586229.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-stirling" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-stirling-1697"> <h3>University of Stirling</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Stirling is committed to providing education with a purpose and carrying out research which has a positive impact on communities across the globe – addressing real issues, providing solutions… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/509/logos/logo-1486028953.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-sussex" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-sussex-1218"> <h3>University of Sussex</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Sussex is a public research university located in Falmer, East Sussex, England. The university received its Royal Charter in August 1961, the first of the plate glass university generation… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1630/logos/logo-1660570523.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-the-west-of-scotland" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-the-west-of-scotland-1385"> <h3>University of the West of Scotland</h3> <p class="grid-four"> University of the West of Scotland is one of Scotland’s largest modern universities. Our reach across the south and west of Scotland, together with our London campus, means that UWS is a significant force… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1422/logos/logo-1602836086.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-tubingen" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-tubingen-1402"> <h3>University of Tübingen</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Tübingen is a public research university located in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg. It is one of Germany’s most famous and oldest universities, internationally noted in medicine… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1889/logos/logo-1714484233.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-westminster" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-westminster-916"> <h3>University of Westminster</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of Westminster was founded by the celebrated Victorian engineer Sir George Cayley in 1838. Our breadth of expertise encompasses the Faculty of Science and Technology, the Westminster School… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/916/logos/logo-1373041457.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-university-of-winchester" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-winchester-743"> <h3>University of Winchester</h3> <p class="grid-four"> We are a thriving university with a deep commitment to teaching and research excellence. Established in 1840 by the Church of England, everything we do is underpinned by an unrelenting commitment to our… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1319/logos/logo-1568039067.jpeg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-university-of-york" > <a href="/institutions/university-of-york-1344"> <h3>University of York</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The University of York was founded in 1963 with 230 students. It now has around16,000 students and more than 30 academic departments and research centres. It is a member of the Russell Group and features… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/510/logos/logo-1481895656.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-york-st-john-university" > <a href="/institutions/york-st-john-university-833"> <h3>York St John University</h3> <p class="grid-four"> York St John University has been a leading education, training and research institution at the heart of the city of York for over 175 years. The award-winning campus has undergone a multi-million pound… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1048/logos/logo-1575916772.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> </section> <section id="strategic-partners" class="partner"> <h2> Strategic Partners </h2> <p>The Conversation partners with leading institutions to help us develop the service by funding specific projects. This may be a new editorial section or a strategic initiative, such as establishing an intern program or creating a multi-media unit.</p> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-falling-walls-foundation" > <a href="/uk/partners/falling-walls-foundation"> <h3>Falling Walls Foundation</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Falling Walls is the unique global hub connecting science, business and society. We shape the future of humanity by impact-oriented ideas and discoveries, driven by our shared dedication for creating breakthroughs… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1391/logos/logo-1597227479.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-impress-regulator" > <a href="/uk/partners/impress-regulator"> <h3>Impress</h3> <p class="grid-four"> We can look into complaints about items we have published which are in our control (see our Global Editorial Guidelines). We also adhere to the Standards Code adopted by Impress and can only deal with… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1810/logos/logo-1694005642.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> </section> <section id="media-partners" class="partner"> <h2> Media Partners </h2> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-apple-news" > <a href="/institutions/apple-news-5187"> <h3>Apple News</h3> <p class="grid-four"> A collaboration between Conversation Insights and Apple News editors digging deeper into climate change issues via long-form journalism, working with academics from different backgrounds who have been… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1472/logos/logo-1662042960.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-how-the-light-gets-in" > <a href="/uk/partners/how-the-light-gets-in"> <h3>HowTheLightGetsIn </h3> <p class="grid-four"> HowTheLightGetsIn, the world’s largest philosophy and music festival, is powered by the Institute of Art and Ideas (IAI), dedicated to bringing big ideas and philosophy into the heart of public life. HowTheLightGetsIn… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1714/logos/logo-1677590233.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-ippo" > <a href="/uk/partners/ippo"> <h3>International Public Policy Observatory (IPPO)</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The International Public Policy Observatory (IPPO) aims to mobilise and assess evidence from across the four nations of the United Kingdom, and beyond, to inform policymakers about the best ways to address… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1805/logos/logo-1693327653.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-odi" > <a href="/uk/partners/odi"> <h3>ODI Global</h3> <p class="grid-four"> ODI is a force for positive change. We lead thinking and agendas to build a more resilient, just and equitable future for all. We work to inspire people to act on injustice and inequality. Through research… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1908/logos/logo-1730999398.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-pa-media" > <a href="/uk/partners/pa-media"> <h3>PA Media</h3> <p class="grid-four"> PA Media is the UK’s leading provider of multimedia content and services. We have reporters, photographers and video journalists delivering the top national news stories of the day, as well as breaking… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1437/logos/logo-1607094910.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-plymouth-marine-laboratory" > <a href="/institutions/plymouth-marine-laboratory-1582"> <h3>Plymouth Marine Laboratory</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Against a backdrop of global change and for the benefit of society, our objective is to develop and apply world-leading, integrated marine science towards the sustainable future of the ocean. We deliver… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1907/logos/logo-1729770499.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-rand-europe" > <a href="/institutions/rand-europe-6278"> <h3>RAND Europe</h3> <p class="grid-four"> RAND Europe is a not-for-profit, nonpartisan policy research organisation with a long and proven commitment to high-quality research, underpinned by rigorous analysis. As the European arm of RAND, we share… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1906/logos/logo-1729768931.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-reach-plc" > <a href="/uk/partners/reach-plc"> <h3>Reach PLC</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Reach is the largest commercial publisher in the UK and Ireland. We own over 130 of the most trusted and popular national, regional and local media brands, with a combined print and digital monthly reach… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1645/logos/logo-1662042646.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-reuters-news-agency" > <a href="/uk/partners/reuters-news-agency"> <h3>Reuters News Agency</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Reuters, the news and media division of Thomson Reuters, is the world’s largest international multimedia news provider reaching more than one billion people every day. Reuters provides trusted business… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1438/logos/logo-1607095148.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-the-press-trust-of-india" > <a href="/uk/partners/the-press-trust-of-india"> <h3>The Press Trust of India</h3> <p class="grid-four"> The Press Trust of India Ltd., commonly known as PTI, is the largest news agency in India. It is headquartered in New Delhi and is a nonprofit cooperative among more than 500 Indian newspapers. <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1644/logos/logo-1662042477.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> </section> <section id="technology-partners" class="partner"> <h2> Technology Partners </h2> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-bugsnag" > <a href="/uk/partners/bugsnag"> <h3>BugSnag</h3> <p class="grid-four"> BugSnag provides best-in-class error monitoring & reporting software for The Conversation platform. It alerts us of bugs, errors and incidents, allowing for the speediest possible resolution. The developer-first… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1772/logos/logo-1691127839.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six grid-last" id="partner-fastly" > <a href="/uk/partners/fastly"> <h3>Fastly</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Fastly powers fast, secure, and scalable digital experiences. Fastly’s edge cloud platform enhances web and mobile delivery by accelerating dynamic assets and caching unpredictably changing content. Make… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1758/logos/logo-1691035611.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> <article class="grid-six " id="partner-phrase" > <a href="/uk/partners/phrase"> <h3>Phrase</h3> <p class="grid-four"> Phrase Strings provides a simple but powerful way to localize web or mobile apps, websites, and video games with its collaborative software localization platform. Use the power of Phrase Strings to let… <em>More</em> </p> <figure class="grid-two grid-last"> <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/partners/1771/logos/logo-1691127808.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=100&h=100" /> </figure> </a></article> </section> </article> </section> </div> </div> <div id="footers"> <section class="footer-primary"> <div class="wrapper nocontent"> <section class="community footer-link-list grid-five large-grid-four"> <nav> <ul> <li> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DUkhOcnF1Ef1MpuKtGr7rbBAawO4XV48">Editorial Policies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/uk/community-standards">Community standards</a> </li> <li> <a href="/uk/republishing-guidelines">Republishing guidelines</a> </li> <li> <a href="/uk/friends">Friends of The Conversation</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://analytics.theconversation.com/uk">Analytics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/uk/events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/uk/feeds">Our feeds</a> </li> <li> <a 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Either set keySeparator: false on init or make sure your translations are published in nested format.")}let t=[];const n=this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng,e.lng||this.language);if("fallback"===this.options.saveMissingTo&&n&&n[0])for(let e=0;e<n.length;e++)t.push(n[e]);else"all"===this.options.saveMissingTo?t=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e.lng||this.language):t.push(e.lng||this.language);const r=(t,n,r)=>{const o=h&&r!==p?r:m;this.options.missingKeyHandler?this.options.missingKeyHandler(t,a,n,o,b,e):this.backendConnector?.saveMissing&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing(t,a,n,o,b,e),this.emit("missingKey",t,a,n,p)};this.options.saveMissing&&(this.options.saveMissingPlurals&&c?t.forEach((t=>{const n=this.pluralResolver.getSuffixes(t,e);v&&e[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]&&n.indexOf(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`)<0&&n.push(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`),n.forEach((n=>{r([t],i+n,e[`defaultValue${n}`]||y)}))})):r(t,i,y))}p=this.extendTranslation(p,t,e,f,n),s&&p===i&&this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey&&(p=`${a}:${i}`),(s||r)&&this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler&&(p=this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey?`${a}:${i}`:i,r?p:void 0))}else{if(!e.returnObjects&&!this.options.returnObjects){this.options.returnedObjectHandler||this.logger.warn("accessing an object - but returnObjects options is not enabled!");const t=this.options.returnedObjectHandler?this.options.returnedObjectHandler(h,p,{...e,ns:s}):`key '${i} (${this.language})' returned an object instead of string.`;return r?(f.res=t,f.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(e),f):t}if(o){const t=Array.isArray(p),n=t?[]:{},r=t?d:h;for(const t in p)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(p,t)){const i=`${r}${o}${t}`;n[t]=this.translate(i,{...e,joinArrays:!1,ns:s}),n[t]===i&&(n[t]=p[t])}p=n}}return r?(f.res=p,f.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(e),f):p}extendTranslation(t,e,n,r,o){var i=this;if(this.i18nFormat?.parse)t=this.i18nFormat.parse(t,{...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...n},n.lng||this.language||r.usedLng,r.usedNS,r.usedKey,{resolved:r});else if(!n.skipInterpolation){n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.init({...n,interpolation:{...this.options.interpolation,...n.interpolation}});const s=l(t)&&(void 0!==n?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?n.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables);let a;if(s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a=e&&e.length}let u=n.replace&&!l(n.replace)?n.replace:n;if(this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(u={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...u}),t=this.interpolator.interpolate(t,u,n.lng||this.language||r.usedLng,n),s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a<(e&&e.length)&&(n.nest=!1)}!n.lng&&r&&r.res&&(n.lng=this.language||r.usedLng),!1!==n.nest&&(t=this.interpolator.nest(t,(function(){for(var t=arguments.length,r=new Array(t),s=0;s<t;s++)r[s]=arguments[s];return o?.[0]!==r[0]||n.context?i.translate(...r,e):(i.logger.warn(`It seems you are nesting recursively key: ${r[0]} in key: ${e[0]}`),null)}),n)),n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.reset()}const s=n.postProcess||this.options.postProcess,a=l(s)?[s]:s;return null!=t&&a?.length&&!1!==n.applyPostProcessor&&(t=A.handle(a,t,e,this.options&&this.options.postProcessPassResolved?{i18nResolved:{...r,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(n)},...n}:n,this)),t}resolve(t){let e,n,r,o,i,s=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};return l(t)&&(t=[t]),t.forEach((t=>{if(this.isValidLookup(e))return;const a=this.extractFromKey(t,s),u=a.key;n=u;let c=a.namespaces;this.options.fallbackNS&&(c=c.concat(this.options.fallbackNS));const f=void 0!==s.count&&!l(s.count),p=f&&!s.ordinal&&0===s.count,h=void 0!==s.context&&(l(s.context)||"number"==typeof s.context)&&""!==s.context,d=s.lngs?s.lngs:this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(s.lng||this.language,s.fallbackLng);c.forEach((t=>{this.isValidLookup(e)||(i=t,$[`${d[0]}-${t}`]||!this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(i)||($[`${d[0]}-${t}`]=!0,this.logger.warn(`key "${n}" for languages "${d.join(", ")}" won't get resolved as namespace "${i}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")),d.forEach((n=>{if(this.isValidLookup(e))return;o=n;const i=[u];if(this.i18nFormat?.addLookupKeys)this.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys(i,u,n,t,s);else{let t;f&&(t=this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(n,s.count,s));const e=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`,r=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}ordinal${this.options.pluralSeparator}`;if(f&&(i.push(u+t),s.ordinal&&0===t.indexOf(r)&&i.push(u+t.replace(r,this.options.pluralSeparator)),p&&i.push(u+e)),h){const n=`${u}${this.options.contextSeparator}${s.context}`;i.push(n),f&&(i.push(n+t),s.ordinal&&0===t.indexOf(r)&&i.push(n+t.replace(r,this.options.pluralSeparator)),p&&i.push(n+e))}}let a;for(;a=i.pop();)this.isValidLookup(e)||(r=a,e=this.getResource(n,t,a,s))})))}))})),{res:e,usedKey:n,exactUsedKey:r,usedLng:o,usedNS:i}}isValidLookup(t){return!(void 0===t||!this.options.returnNull&&null===t||!this.options.returnEmptyString&&""===t)}getResource(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};return this.i18nFormat?.getResource?this.i18nFormat.getResource(t,e,n,r):this.resourceStore.getResource(t,e,n,r)}getUsedParamsDetails(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};const e=["defaultValue","ordinal","context","replace","lng","lngs","fallbackLng","ns","keySeparator","nsSeparator","returnObjects","returnDetails","joinArrays","postProcess","interpolation"],n=t.replace&&!l(t.replace);let r=n?t.replace:t;if(n&&void 0!==t.count&&(r.count=t.count),this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(r={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...r}),!n){r={...r};for(const t of e)delete r[t]}return r}static hasDefaultValue(t){const e="defaultValue";for(const n in t)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,n)&&e===n.substring(0,12)&&void 0!==t[n])return!0;return!1}}class I{constructor(t){this.options=t,this.supportedLngs=this.options.supportedLngs||!1,this.logger=E.create("languageUtils")}getScriptPartFromCode(t){if(!(t=L(t))||t.indexOf("-")<0)return null;const e=t.split("-");return 2===e.length?null:(e.pop(),"x"===e[e.length-1].toLowerCase()?null:this.formatLanguageCode(e.join("-")))}getLanguagePartFromCode(t){if(!(t=L(t))||t.indexOf("-")<0)return t;const e=t.split("-");return this.formatLanguageCode(e[0])}formatLanguageCode(t){if(l(t)&&t.indexOf("-")>-1){let e;try{e=Intl.getCanonicalLocales(t)[0]}catch(t){}return e&&this.options.lowerCaseLng&&(e=e.toLowerCase()),e||(this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t)}return this.options.cleanCode||this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t}isSupportedCode(t){return("languageOnly"===this.options.load||this.options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs)&&(t=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t)),!this.supportedLngs||!this.supportedLngs.length||this.supportedLngs.indexOf(t)>-1}getBestMatchFromCodes(t){if(!t)return null;let e;return t.forEach((t=>{if(e)return;const n=this.formatLanguageCode(t);this.options.supportedLngs&&!this.isSupportedCode(n)||(e=n)})),!e&&this.options.supportedLngs&&t.forEach((t=>{if(e)return;const n=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t);if(this.isSupportedCode(n))return e=n;e=this.options.supportedLngs.find((t=>t===n?t:t.indexOf("-")<0&&n.indexOf("-")<0?void 0:t.indexOf("-")>0&&n.indexOf("-")<0&&t.substring(0,t.indexOf("-"))===n||0===t.indexOf(n)&&n.length>1?t:void 0))})),e||(e=this.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng)[0]),e}getFallbackCodes(t,e){if(!t)return[];if("function"==typeof t&&(t=t(e)),l(t)&&(t=[t]),Array.isArray(t))return t;if(!e)return t.default||[];let n=t[e];return n||(n=t[this.getScriptPartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.formatLanguageCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t.default),n||[]}toResolveHierarchy(t,e){const n=this.getFallbackCodes(e||this.options.fallbackLng||[],t),r=[],o=t=>{t&&(this.isSupportedCode(t)?r.push(t):this.logger.warn(`rejecting language code not found in supportedLngs: ${t}`))};return l(t)&&(t.indexOf("-")>-1||t.indexOf("_")>-1)?("languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),"languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getScriptPartFromCode(t)),"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t))):l(t)&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),n.forEach((t=>{r.indexOf(t)<0&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t))})),r}}const F={zero:0,one:1,two:2,few:3,many:4,other:5},D={select:t=>1===t?"one":"other",resolvedOptions:()=>({pluralCategories:["one","other"]})};class M{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.languageUtils=t,this.options=e,this.logger=E.create("pluralResolver"),this.pluralRulesCache={}}addRule(t,e){this.rules[t]=e}clearCache(){this.pluralRulesCache={}}getRule(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};const n=L("dev"===t?"en":t),r=e.ordinal?"ordinal":"cardinal",o=JSON.stringify({cleanedCode:n,type:r});if(o in this.pluralRulesCache)return this.pluralRulesCache[o];let i;try{i=new Intl.PluralRules(n,{type:r})}catch(n){if(!Intl)return this.logger.error("No Intl support, please use an Intl polyfill!"),D;if(!t.match(/-|_/))return D;const r=this.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(t);i=this.getRule(r,e)}return this.pluralRulesCache[o]=i,i}needsPlural(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},n=this.getRule(t,e);return n||(n=this.getRule("dev",e)),n?.resolvedOptions().pluralCategories.length>1}getPluralFormsOfKey(t,e){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};return this.getSuffixes(t,n).map((t=>`${e}${t}`))}getSuffixes(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},n=this.getRule(t,e);return n||(n=this.getRule("dev",e)),n?n.resolvedOptions().pluralCategories.sort(((t,e)=>F[t]-F[e])).map((t=>`${this.options.prepend}${e.ordinal?`ordinal${this.options.prepend}`:""}${t}`)):[]}getSuffix(t,e){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};const r=this.getRule(t,n);return r?`${this.options.prepend}${n.ordinal?`ordinal${this.options.prepend}`:""}${r.select(e)}`:(this.logger.warn(`no plural rule found for: ${t}`),this.getSuffix("dev",e,n))}}const V=function(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:".",o=!(arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4])||arguments[4],i=((t,e,n)=>{const r=m(t,n);return void 0!==r?r:m(e,n)})(t,e,n);return!i&&o&&l(n)&&(i=j(t,n,r),void 0===i&&(i=j(e,n,r))),i},U=t=>t.replace(/\$/g,"$$$$");class _{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=E.create("interpolator"),this.options=t,this.format=t?.interpolation?.format||(t=>t),this.init(t)}init(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};t.interpolation||(t.interpolation={escapeValue:!0});const{escape:e,escapeValue:n,useRawValueToEscape:r,prefix:o,prefixEscaped:i,suffix:s,suffixEscaped:a,formatSeparator:u,unescapeSuffix:c,unescapePrefix:l,nestingPrefix:f,nestingPrefixEscaped:p,nestingSuffix:h,nestingSuffixEscaped:d,nestingOptionsSeparator:g,maxReplaces:v,alwaysFormat:y}=t.interpolation;this.escape=void 0!==e?e:O,this.escapeValue=void 0===n||n,this.useRawValueToEscape=void 0!==r&&r,this.prefix=o?x(o):i||"{{",this.suffix=s?x(s):a||"}}",this.formatSeparator=u||",",this.unescapePrefix=c?"":l||"-",this.unescapeSuffix=this.unescapePrefix?"":c||"",this.nestingPrefix=f?x(f):p||x("$t("),this.nestingSuffix=h?x(h):d||x(")"),this.nestingOptionsSeparator=g||",",this.maxReplaces=v||1e3,this.alwaysFormat=void 0!==y&&y,this.resetRegExp()}reset(){this.options&&this.init(this.options)}resetRegExp(){const t=(t,e)=>t?.source===e?(t.lastIndex=0,t):new RegExp(e,"g");this.regexp=t(this.regexp,`${this.prefix}(.+?)${this.suffix}`),this.regexpUnescape=t(this.regexpUnescape,`${this.prefix}${this.unescapePrefix}(.+?)${this.unescapeSuffix}${this.suffix}`),this.nestingRegexp=t(this.nestingRegexp,`${this.nestingPrefix}(.+?)${this.nestingSuffix}`)}interpolate(t,e,n,r){let o,i,s;const a=this.options&&this.options.interpolation&&this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables||{},u=t=>{if(t.indexOf(this.formatSeparator)<0){const o=V(e,a,t,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure);return this.alwaysFormat?this.format(o,void 0,n,{...r,...e,interpolationkey:t}):o}const o=t.split(this.formatSeparator),i=o.shift().trim(),s=o.join(this.formatSeparator).trim();return this.format(V(e,a,i,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure),s,n,{...r,...e,interpolationkey:i})};this.resetRegExp();const c=r?.missingInterpolationHandler||this.options.missingInterpolationHandler,f=void 0!==r?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?r.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables;return[{regex:this.regexpUnescape,safeValue:t=>U(t)},{regex:this.regexp,safeValue:t=>this.escapeValue?U(this.escape(t)):U(t)}].forEach((e=>{for(s=0;o=e.regex.exec(t);){const n=o[1].trim();if(i=u(n),void 0===i)if("function"==typeof c){const e=c(t,o,r);i=l(e)?e:""}else if(r&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,n))i="";else{if(f){i=o[0];continue}this.logger.warn(`missed to pass in variable ${n} for interpolating ${t}`),i=""}else l(i)||this.useRawValueToEscape||(i=p(i));const a=e.safeValue(i);if(t=t.replace(o[0],a),f?(e.regex.lastIndex+=i.length,e.regex.lastIndex-=o[0].length):e.regex.lastIndex=0,s++,s>=this.maxReplaces)break}})),t}nest(t,e){let n,r,o,i=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};const s=(t,e)=>{const n=this.nestingOptionsSeparator;if(t.indexOf(n)<0)return t;const r=t.split(new RegExp(`${n}[ ]*{`));let i=`{${r[1]}`;t=r[0],i=this.interpolate(i,o);const s=i.match(/'/g),a=i.match(/"/g);((s?.length??0)%2==0&&!a||a.length%2!=0)&&(i=i.replace(/'/g,'"'));try{o=JSON.parse(i),e&&(o={...e,...o})}catch(e){return this.logger.warn(`failed parsing options string in nesting for key ${t}`,e),`${t}${n}${i}`}return o.defaultValue&&o.defaultValue.indexOf(this.prefix)>-1&&delete o.defaultValue,t};for(;n=this.nestingRegexp.exec(t);){let a=[];o={...i},o=o.replace&&!l(o.replace)?o.replace:o,o.applyPostProcessor=!1,delete o.defaultValue;let u=!1;if(-1!==n[0].indexOf(this.formatSeparator)&&!/{.*}/.test(n[1])){const t=n[1].split(this.formatSeparator).map((t=>t.trim()));n[1]=t.shift(),a=t,u=!0}if(r=e(s.call(this,n[1].trim(),o),o),r&&n[0]===t&&!l(r))return r;l(r)||(r=p(r)),r||(this.logger.warn(`missed to resolve ${n[1]} for nesting ${t}`),r=""),u&&(r=a.reduce(((t,e)=>this.format(t,e,i.lng,{...i,interpolationkey:n[1].trim()})),r.trim())),t=t.replace(n[0],r),this.regexp.lastIndex=0}return t}}const H=t=>{const e={};return(n,r,o)=>{let i=o;o&&o.interpolationkey&&o.formatParams&&o.formatParams[o.interpolationkey]&&o[o.interpolationkey]&&(i={...i,[o.interpolationkey]:void 0});const s=r+JSON.stringify(i);let a=e[s];return a||(a=t(L(r),o),e[s]=a),a(n)}};class K{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=E.create("formatter"),this.options=t,this.formats={number:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.NumberFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)})),currency:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.NumberFormat(t,{...e,style:"currency"});return t=>n.format(t)})),datetime:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.DateTimeFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)})),relativetime:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t,e.range||"day")})),list:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.ListFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)}))},this.init(t)}init(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}};this.formatSeparator=e.interpolation.formatSeparator||","}add(t,e){this.formats[t.toLowerCase().trim()]=e}addCached(t,e){this.formats[t.toLowerCase().trim()]=H(e)}format(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};const o=e.split(this.formatSeparator);if(o.length>1&&o[0].indexOf("(")>1&&o[0].indexOf(")")<0&&o.find((t=>t.indexOf(")")>-1))){const t=o.findIndex((t=>t.indexOf(")")>-1));o[0]=[o[0],...o.splice(1,t)].join(this.formatSeparator)}return o.reduce(((t,e)=>{const{formatName:o,formatOptions:i}=(t=>{let e=t.toLowerCase().trim();const n={};if(t.indexOf("(")>-1){const r=t.split("(");e=r[0].toLowerCase().trim();const o=r[1].substring(0,r[1].length-1);"currency"===e&&o.indexOf(":")<0?n.currency||(n.currency=o.trim()):"relativetime"===e&&o.indexOf(":")<0?n.range||(n.range=o.trim()):o.split(";").forEach((t=>{if(t){const[e,...r]=t.split(":"),o=r.join(":").trim().replace(/^'+|'+$/g,""),i=e.trim();n[i]||(n[i]=o),"false"===o&&(n[i]=!1),"true"===o&&(n[i]=!0),isNaN(o)||(n[i]=parseInt(o,10))}}))}return{formatName:e,formatOptions:n}})(e);if(this.formats[o]){let e=t;try{const s=r?.formatParams?.[r.interpolationkey]||{},a=s.locale||s.lng||r.locale||r.lng||n;e=this.formats[o](t,a,{...i,...r,...s})}catch(t){this.logger.warn(t)}return e}return this.logger.warn(`there was no format function for ${o}`),t}),t)}}class z extends C{constructor(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};super(),this.backend=t,this.store=e,this.services=n,this.languageUtils=n.languageUtils,this.options=r,this.logger=E.create("backendConnector"),this.waitingReads=[],this.maxParallelReads=r.maxParallelReads||10,this.readingCalls=0,this.maxRetries=r.maxRetries>=0?r.maxRetries:5,this.retryTimeout=r.retryTimeout>=1?r.retryTimeout:350,this.state={},this.queue=[],this.backend?.init?.(n,r.backend,r)}queueLoad(t,e,n,r){const o={},i={},s={},a={};return t.forEach((t=>{let r=!0;e.forEach((e=>{const s=`${t}|${e}`;!n.reload&&this.store.hasResourceBundle(t,e)?this.state[s]=2:this.state[s]<0||(1===this.state[s]?void 0===i[s]&&(i[s]=!0):(this.state[s]=1,r=!1,void 0===i[s]&&(i[s]=!0),void 0===o[s]&&(o[s]=!0),void 0===a[e]&&(a[e]=!0)))})),r||(s[t]=!0)})),(Object.keys(o).length||Object.keys(i).length)&&this.queue.push({pending:i,pendingCount:Object.keys(i).length,loaded:{},errors:[],callback:r}),{toLoad:Object.keys(o),pending:Object.keys(i),toLoadLanguages:Object.keys(s),toLoadNamespaces:Object.keys(a)}}loaded(t,e,n){const r=t.split("|"),o=r[0],i=r[1];e&&this.emit("failedLoading",o,i,e),!e&&n&&this.store.addResourceBundle(o,i,n,void 0,void 0,{skipCopy:!0}),this.state[t]=e?-1:2,e&&n&&(this.state[t]=0);const s={};this.queue.forEach((n=>{((t,e,n)=>{const{obj:r,k:o}=v(t,e,Object);r[o]=r[o]||[],r[o].push(n)})(n.loaded,[o],i),((t,e)=>{void 0!==t.pending[e]&&(delete t.pending[e],t.pendingCount--)})(n,t),e&&n.errors.push(e),0!==n.pendingCount||n.done||(Object.keys(n.loaded).forEach((t=>{s[t]||(s[t]={});const e=n.loaded[t];e.length&&e.forEach((e=>{void 0===s[t][e]&&(s[t][e]=!0)}))})),n.done=!0,n.errors.length?n.callback(n.errors):n.callback())})),this.emit("loaded",s),this.queue=this.queue.filter((t=>!t.done))}read(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:0,o=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:this.retryTimeout,i=arguments.length>5?arguments[5]:void 0;if(!t.length)return i(null,{});if(this.readingCalls>=this.maxParallelReads)return void this.waitingReads.push({lng:t,ns:e,fcName:n,tried:r,wait:o,callback:i});this.readingCalls++;const s=(s,a)=>{if(this.readingCalls--,this.waitingReads.length>0){const t=this.waitingReads.shift();this.read(t.lng,t.ns,t.fcName,t.tried,t.wait,t.callback)}s&&a&&r<this.maxRetries?setTimeout((()=>{this.read.call(this,t,e,n,r+1,2*o,i)}),o):i(s,a)},a=this.backend[n].bind(this.backend);if(2!==a.length)return a(t,e,s);try{const n=a(t,e);n&&"function"==typeof n.then?n.then((t=>s(null,t))).catch(s):s(null,n)}catch(t){s(t)}}prepareLoading(t,e){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{},r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;if(!this.backend)return this.logger.warn("No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources."),r&&r();l(t)&&(t=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t)),l(e)&&(e=[e]);const o=this.queueLoad(t,e,n,r);if(!o.toLoad.length)return o.pending.length||r(),null;o.toLoad.forEach((t=>{this.loadOne(t)}))}load(t,e,n){this.prepareLoading(t,e,{},n)}reload(t,e,n){this.prepareLoading(t,e,{reload:!0},n)}loadOne(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"";const n=t.split("|"),r=n[0],o=n[1];this.read(r,o,"read",void 0,void 0,((n,i)=>{n&&this.logger.warn(`${e}loading namespace ${o} for language ${r} failed`,n),!n&&i&&this.logger.log(`${e}loaded namespace ${o} for language ${r}`,i),this.loaded(t,n,i)}))}saveMissing(t,e,n,r,o){let i=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{},s=arguments.length>6&&void 0!==arguments[6]?arguments[6]:()=>{};if(!this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(e)){if(null!=n&&""!==n){if(this.backend?.create){const a={...i,isUpdate:o},u=this.backend.create.bind(this.backend);if(u.length<6)try{let o;o=5===u.length?u(t,e,n,r,a):u(t,e,n,r),o&&"function"==typeof o.then?o.then((t=>s(null,t))).catch(s):s(null,o)}catch(t){s(t)}else u(t,e,n,r,s,a)}t&&t[0]&&this.store.addResource(t[0],e,n,r)}}else this.logger.warn(`did not save key "${n}" as the namespace "${e}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")}}const B=()=>({debug:!1,initAsync:!0,ns:["translation"],defaultNS:["translation"],fallbackLng:["dev"],fallbackNS:!1,supportedLngs:!1,nonExplicitSupportedLngs:!1,load:"all",preload:!1,simplifyPluralSuffix:!0,keySeparator:".",nsSeparator:":",pluralSeparator:"_",contextSeparator:"_",partialBundledLanguages:!1,saveMissing:!1,updateMissing:!1,saveMissingTo:"fallback",saveMissingPlurals:!0,missingKeyHandler:!1,missingInterpolationHandler:!1,postProcess:!1,postProcessPassResolved:!1,returnNull:!1,returnEmptyString:!0,returnObjects:!1,joinArrays:!1,returnedObjectHandler:!1,parseMissingKeyHandler:!1,appendNamespaceToMissingKey:!1,appendNamespaceToCIMode:!1,overloadTranslationOptionHandler:t=>{let e={};if("object"==typeof t[1]&&(e=t[1]),l(t[1])&&(e.defaultValue=t[1]),l(t[2])&&(e.tDescription=t[2]),"object"==typeof t[2]||"object"==typeof t[3]){const n=t[3]||t[2];Object.keys(n).forEach((t=>{e[t]=n[t]}))}return e},interpolation:{escapeValue:!0,format:t=>t,prefix:"{{",suffix:"}}",formatSeparator:",",unescapePrefix:"-",nestingPrefix:"$t(",nestingSuffix:")",nestingOptionsSeparator:",",maxReplaces:1e3,skipOnVariables:!0}}),q=t=>(l(t.ns)&&(t.ns=[t.ns]),l(t.fallbackLng)&&(t.fallbackLng=[t.fallbackLng]),l(t.fallbackNS)&&(t.fallbackNS=[t.fallbackNS]),t.supportedLngs?.indexOf?.("cimode")<0&&(t.supportedLngs=t.supportedLngs.concat(["cimode"])),"boolean"==typeof t.initImmediate&&(t.initAsync=t.initImmediate),t),G=()=>{};class J extends C{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},e=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;var n;if(super(),this.options=q(t),this.services={},this.logger=E,this.modules={external:[]},n=this,Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(n)).forEach((t=>{"function"==typeof n[t]&&(n[t]=n[t].bind(n))})),e&&!this.isInitialized&&!t.isClone){if(!this.options.initAsync)return this.init(t,e),this;setTimeout((()=>{this.init(t,e)}),0)}}init(){var t=this;let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;this.isInitializing=!0,"function"==typeof e&&(n=e,e={}),null==e.defaultNS&&e.ns&&(l(e.ns)?e.defaultNS=e.ns:e.ns.indexOf("translation")<0&&(e.defaultNS=e.ns[0]));const r=B();this.options={...r,...this.options,...q(e)},this.options.interpolation={...r.interpolation,...this.options.interpolation},void 0!==e.keySeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator=e.keySeparator),void 0!==e.nsSeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator=e.nsSeparator);const o=t=>t?"function"==typeof t?new t:t:null;if(!this.options.isClone){let e;this.modules.logger?E.init(o(this.modules.logger),this.options):E.init(null,this.options),e=this.modules.formatter?this.modules.formatter:K;const n=new I(this.options);this.store=new N(this.options.resources,this.options);const i=this.services;i.logger=E,i.resourceStore=this.store,i.languageUtils=n,i.pluralResolver=new M(n,{prepend:this.options.pluralSeparator,simplifyPluralSuffix:this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix}),!e||this.options.interpolation.format&&this.options.interpolation.format!==r.interpolation.format||(i.formatter=o(e),i.formatter.init(i,this.options),this.options.interpolation.format=i.formatter.format.bind(i.formatter)),i.interpolator=new _(this.options),i.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:this.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(this)},i.backendConnector=new z(o(this.modules.backend),i.resourceStore,i,this.options),i.backendConnector.on("*",(function(e){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),o=1;o<n;o++)r[o-1]=arguments[o];t.emit(e,...r)})),this.modules.languageDetector&&(i.languageDetector=o(this.modules.languageDetector),i.languageDetector.init&&i.languageDetector.init(i,this.options.detection,this.options)),this.modules.i18nFormat&&(i.i18nFormat=o(this.modules.i18nFormat),i.i18nFormat.init&&i.i18nFormat.init(this)),this.translator=new T(this.services,this.options),this.translator.on("*",(function(e){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),o=1;o<n;o++)r[o-1]=arguments[o];t.emit(e,...r)})),this.modules.external.forEach((t=>{t.init&&t.init(this)}))}if(this.format=this.options.interpolation.format,n||(n=G),this.options.fallbackLng&&!this.services.languageDetector&&!this.options.lng){const t=this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);t.length>0&&"dev"!==t[0]&&(this.options.lng=t[0])}this.services.languageDetector||this.options.lng||this.logger.warn("init: no languageDetector is used and no lng is defined");["getResource","hasResourceBundle","getResourceBundle","getDataByLanguage"].forEach((e=>{this[e]=function(){return t.store[e](...arguments)}}));["addResource","addResources","addResourceBundle","removeResourceBundle"].forEach((e=>{this[e]=function(){return t.store[e](...arguments),t}}));const i=f(),s=()=>{const t=(t,e)=>{this.isInitializing=!1,this.isInitialized&&!this.initializedStoreOnce&&this.logger.warn("init: i18next is already initialized. You should call init just once!"),this.isInitialized=!0,this.options.isClone||this.logger.log("initialized",this.options),this.emit("initialized",this.options),i.resolve(e),n(t,e)};if(this.languages&&!this.isInitialized)return t(null,this.t.bind(this));this.changeLanguage(this.options.lng,t)};return this.options.resources||!this.options.initAsync?s():setTimeout(s,0),i}loadResources(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:G;const n=l(t)?t:this.language;if("function"==typeof t&&(e=t),!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages){if("cimode"===n?.toLowerCase()&&(!this.options.preload||0===this.options.preload.length))return e();const t=[],r=e=>{if(!e)return;if("cimode"===e)return;this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e).forEach((e=>{"cimode"!==e&&t.indexOf(e)<0&&t.push(e)}))};if(n)r(n);else{this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng).forEach((t=>r(t)))}this.options.preload?.forEach?.((t=>r(t))),this.services.backendConnector.load(t,this.options.ns,(t=>{t||this.resolvedLanguage||!this.language||this.setResolvedLanguage(this.language),e(t)}))}else e(null)}reloadResources(t,e,n){const r=f();return"function"==typeof t&&(n=t,t=void 0),"function"==typeof e&&(n=e,e=void 0),t||(t=this.languages),e||(e=this.options.ns),n||(n=G),this.services.backendConnector.reload(t,e,(t=>{r.resolve(),n(t)})),r}use(t){if(!t)throw new Error("You are passing an undefined module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");if(!t.type)throw new Error("You are passing a wrong module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");return"backend"===t.type&&(this.modules.backend=t),("logger"===t.type||t.log&&t.warn&&t.error)&&(this.modules.logger=t),"languageDetector"===t.type&&(this.modules.languageDetector=t),"i18nFormat"===t.type&&(this.modules.i18nFormat=t),"postProcessor"===t.type&&A.addPostProcessor(t),"formatter"===t.type&&(this.modules.formatter=t),"3rdParty"===t.type&&this.modules.external.push(t),this}setResolvedLanguage(t){if(t&&this.languages&&!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(t)>-1))for(let t=0;t<this.languages.length;t++){const e=this.languages[t];if(!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(e)>-1)&&this.store.hasLanguageSomeTranslations(e)){this.resolvedLanguage=e;break}}}changeLanguage(t,e){var n=this;this.isLanguageChangingTo=t;const r=f();this.emit("languageChanging",t);const o=t=>{this.language=t,this.languages=this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t),this.resolvedLanguage=void 0,this.setResolvedLanguage(t)},i=(t,i)=>{i?(o(i),this.translator.changeLanguage(i),this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,this.emit("languageChanged",i),this.logger.log("languageChanged",i)):this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,r.resolve((function(){return n.t(...arguments)})),e&&e(t,(function(){return n.t(...arguments)}))},s=e=>{t||e||!this.services.languageDetector||(e=[]);const n=l(e)?e:this.services.languageUtils.getBestMatchFromCodes(e);n&&(this.language||o(n),this.translator.language||this.translator.changeLanguage(n),this.services.languageDetector?.cacheUserLanguage?.(n)),this.loadResources(n,(t=>{i(t,n)}))};return t||!this.services.languageDetector||this.services.languageDetector.async?!t&&this.services.languageDetector&&this.services.languageDetector.async?0===this.services.languageDetector.detect.length?this.services.languageDetector.detect().then(s):this.services.languageDetector.detect(s):s(t):s(this.services.languageDetector.detect()),r}getFixedT(t,e,n){var r=this;const o=function(t,e){let i;if("object"!=typeof e){for(var s=arguments.length,a=new Array(s>2?s-2:0),u=2;u<s;u++)a[u-2]=arguments[u];i=r.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler([t,e].concat(a))}else i={...e};i.lng=i.lng||o.lng,i.lngs=i.lngs||o.lngs,i.ns=i.ns||o.ns,""!==i.keyPrefix&&(i.keyPrefix=i.keyPrefix||n||o.keyPrefix);const c=r.options.keySeparator||".";let l;return l=i.keyPrefix&&Array.isArray(t)?t.map((t=>`${i.keyPrefix}${c}${t}`)):i.keyPrefix?`${i.keyPrefix}${c}${t}`:t,r.t(l,i)};return l(t)?o.lng=t:o.lngs=t,o.ns=e,o.keyPrefix=n,o}t(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.translator?.translate(...e)}exists(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)e[n]=arguments[n];return this.translator?.exists(...e)}setDefaultNamespace(t){this.options.defaultNS=t}hasLoadedNamespace(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};if(!this.isInitialized)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18next was not 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r=this.options.preload||[],o=t.filter((t=>r.indexOf(t)<0&&this.services.languageUtils.isSupportedCode(t)));return o.length?(this.options.preload=r.concat(o),this.loadResources((t=>{n.resolve(),e&&e(t)})),n):(e&&e(),Promise.resolve())}dir(t){if(t||(t=this.resolvedLanguage||(this.languages?.length>0?this.languages[0]:this.language)),!t)return"rtl";const e=this.services?.languageUtils||new I(B());return["ar","shu","sqr","ssh","xaa","yhd","yud","aao","abh","abv","acm","acq","acw","acx","acy","adf","ads","aeb","aec","afb","ajp","apc","apd","arb","arq","ars","ary","arz","auz","avl","ayh","ayl","ayn","ayp","bbz","pga","he","iw","ps","pbt","pbu","pst","prp","prd","ug","ur","ydd","yds","yih","ji","yi","hbo","men","xmn","fa","jpr","peo","pes","prs","dv","sam","ckb"].indexOf(e.getLanguagePartFromCode(t))>-1||t.toLowerCase().indexOf("-arab")>1?"rtl":"ltr"}static createInstance(){return new J(arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0)}cloneInstance(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:G;const n=t.forkResourceStore;n&&delete t.forkResourceStore;const r={...this.options,...t,isClone:!0},o=new J(r);void 0===t.debug&&void 0===t.prefix||(o.logger=o.logger.clone(t));if(["store","services","language"].forEach((t=>{o[t]=this[t]})),o.services={...this.services},o.services.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:o.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(o)},n){const t=Object.keys(this.store.data).reduce(((t,e)=>(t[e]={...this.store.data[e]},Object.keys(t[e]).reduce(((n,r)=>(n[r]={...t[e][r]},n)),{}))),{});o.store=new N(t,r),o.services.resourceStore=o.store}return o.translator=new T(o.services,r),o.translator.on("*",(function(t){for(var e=arguments.length,n=new Array(e>1?e-1:0),r=1;r<e;r++)n[r-1]=arguments[r];o.emit(t,...n)})),o.init(r,e),o.translator.options=r,o.translator.backendConnector.services.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:o.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(o)},o}toJSON(){return{options:this.options,store:this.store,language:this.language,languages:this.languages,resolvedLanguage:this.resolvedLanguage}}}const X=J.createInstance();X.createInstance=J.createInstance;X.createInstance,X.dir,X.init,X.loadResources,X.reloadResources,X.use,X.changeLanguage,X.getFixedT,X.t,X.exists,X.setDefaultNamespace,X.hasLoadedNamespace,X.loadNamespaces,X.loadLanguages;var W=n(64467);function Y(t,e){var n=Object.keys(t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t);e&&(r=r.filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t,e).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function Q(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var 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