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id="toc-Decoration_and_coating_techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decoration_and_coating_techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Decoration and coating techniques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decoration_and_coating_techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styles_of_attachment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styles_of_attachment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Styles of attachment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styles_of_attachment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fabric_buttons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fabric_buttons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fabric buttons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fabric_buttons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Button_sizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Button_sizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Button sizes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Button_sizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_museums_and_galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_museums_and_galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In museums and galleries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_museums_and_galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positioning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positioning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Positioning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positioning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Button</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="زر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܦܪܡܝܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܪܡܝܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCym%C9%99_(geyim)" title="Düymə (geyim) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Düymə (geyim)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="বোতাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বোতাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kima" title="Kima – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kima" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B9%D0%BC%D3%99" title="Төймә – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төймә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Гузік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гузік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Гузік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гузік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Копче – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Копче" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B4" title="སྒྲོག་གུ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྒྲོག་གུ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozelenn" title="Nozelenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nozelenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%B3_(roba)" title="Botó (roba) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Botó (roba)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Тӳме – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тӳме" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knofl%C3%ADk" title="Knoflík – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Knoflík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatani" title="Bhatani – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhatani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knap_(bekl%C3%A6dning)" title="Knap (beklædning) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Knap (beklædning)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knopf" title="Knopf – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Knopf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6%C3%B6p" title="Nööp – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nööp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF" title="Κουμπί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κουμπί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pt%C3%B2un" title="Ptòun – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ptòun" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%B3n_(indumentaria)" title="Botón (indumentaria) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Botón (indumentaria)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butono" title="Butono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Butono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botoi" title="Botoi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Botoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%87" title="دکمه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دکمه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouton_(couture)" title="Bouton (couture) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bouton (couture)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnaipe" title="Cnaipe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cnaipe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%B3n_(vestimenta)" title="Botón (vestimenta) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Botón (vestimenta)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%BA%E6%89%A3" title="捺扣 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="捺扣" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%B6%94" title="단추 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단추" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Կոճակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոճակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugme" title="Dugme – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dugme" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butono" title="Butono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Butono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kancing" title="Kancing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kancing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tala_(festing)" title="Tala (festing) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tala (festing)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottone" title="Bottone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bottone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8" title="כפתור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כפתור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benik" title="Benik – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Benik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF" title="ಗುಂಡಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗುಂಡಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouton" title="Bouton – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bouton" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C5%9Fkoj" title="Bişkoj – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bişkoj" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%83" title="Топчу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Топчу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Полдыш – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Полдыш" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buto" title="Buto – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Buto" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poga" title="Poga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Poga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saga" title="Saga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Saga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boton" title="Boton – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Boton" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomb" title="Gomb – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gomb" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Петлица – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Петлица" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="زر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butang" title="Butang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Butang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="ကြယ်သီး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြယ်သီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulukau" title="Bulukau – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Bulukau" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoop_(kleding)" title="Knoop (kleding) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Knoop (kleding)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%95" title="टाँक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टाँक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3_(%E6%9C%8D%E9%A3%BE)" title="ボタン (服飾) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボタン (服飾)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knapp" title="Knapp – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Knapp" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knapp" title="Knapp – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Knapp" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugma" title="Tugma – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tugma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬਟਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਟਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guzik" title="Guzik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Guzik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A3o" title="Botão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Botão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasture" title="Nasture – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nasture" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%27itana_mukmu" title="Ch'itana mukmu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ch'itana mukmu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пуговица – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пуговица" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱵᱟᱴᱚᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱟᱴᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulla" title="Pulla – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pulla" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%BD%DA%BB" title="بٽڻ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بٽڻ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Дугме – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дугме" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugme" title="Dugme – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dugme" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kancing" title="Kancing – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kancing" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nappi" title="Nappi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nappi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knapp" title="Knapp – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Knapp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="தெறி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தெறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="బొత్తం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బొత్తం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1" title="กระดุม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระดุม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C4%9Fme" title="Düğme – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Düğme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boti%CC%B1n" title="Boti̱n – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Boti̱n" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ґудзик – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґудзик" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%B9%D9%86" title="بٹن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بٹن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuy" title="Khuy – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khuy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng 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href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make" title="Make – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Make" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goz%C4%97ks" title="Gozėks – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gozėks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%88%95%E6%89%A3" title="鈕扣 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鈕扣" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Small fastener</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Button_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Button (disambiguation)">Button (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reserveknapper_til_Hans%27_uniform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Reserveknapper_til_Hans%27_uniform.jpg/220px-Reserveknapper_til_Hans%27_uniform.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Reserveknapper_til_Hans%27_uniform.jpg/330px-Reserveknapper_til_Hans%27_uniform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Reserveknapper_til_Hans%27_uniform.jpg/440px-Reserveknapper_til_Hans%27_uniform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>Brass buttons from the uniform of a Danish <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> artillery lieutenant</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_holes_buttons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Three_holes_buttons.jpg/220px-Three_holes_buttons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Three_holes_buttons.jpg/330px-Three_holes_buttons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Three_holes_buttons.jpg/440px-Three_holes_buttons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1851" data-file-height="1997" /></a><figcaption>Modern buttons made from <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_ivory" title="Vegetable ivory">vegetable ivory</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>button</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Fastener" title="Fastener">fastener</a> that joins two pieces of <a href="/wiki/Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabric">fabric</a> together by slipping through a loop or by sliding through a <a href="/wiki/Buttonhole" title="Buttonhole">buttonhole</a>. </p><p>In modern <a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">clothing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">fashion design</a>, buttons are commonly made of <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> but also may be made of metal, wood, or <a href="/wiki/Seashell" title="Seashell">seashell</a>. Buttons can also be used on containers such as <a href="/wiki/Wallets" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallets">wallets</a> and bags. Buttons may be sewn onto garments and similar items exclusively for purposes of <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">ornamentation</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Applied_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Applied art">applied arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crafts" class="mw-redirect" title="Crafts">craft</a>, a button can be an example of <a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">folk art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Studio_craft" title="Studio craft">studio craft</a>, or even a miniature <a href="/wiki/Art_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Art object">work of art</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a>, a button can be a significant <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artifact</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_button_ca._1650-75_12mm_f%26b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Spanish_button_ca._1650-75_12mm_f%26b.jpg/220px-Spanish_button_ca._1650-75_12mm_f%26b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Spanish_button_ca._1650-75_12mm_f%26b.jpg/330px-Spanish_button_ca._1650-75_12mm_f%26b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Spanish_button_ca._1650-75_12mm_f%26b.jpg/440px-Spanish_button_ca._1650-75_12mm_f%26b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Spanish button (approx. 12 mm) from ca. 1650–1675</figcaption></figure> <p>Buttons and button-like objects used as ornaments or <a href="/wiki/Seal_(device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (device)">seals</a> rather than fasteners have been discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilization">Indus Valley civilization</a> during its <a href="/wiki/Kot_Diji" title="Kot Diji">Kot Diji</a> phase (c. 2800–2600 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-Kot_Diji_Button_seal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kot_Diji_Button_seal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buttons as apparel have been found at sites of the <a href="/wiki/Catacomb_culture" title="Catacomb culture">Catacomb culture</a>, Russia (2500-1950 BC), at the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Eagles" title="Tomb of the Eagles">Tomb of the Eagles</a>, Scotland (2200-1800 BC),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> sites in <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">China</a> (c. 2000–1500 BC) and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>. </p><p>Buttons made from <a href="/wiki/Seashell" title="Seashell">seashell</a> were used by the Indus Valley Civilization for ornamental purposes by 2000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Hesse&Hesse_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hesse&Hesse-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some buttons were carved into <a href="/wiki/Geometric_shape" class="mw-redirect" title="Geometric shape">geometric shapes</a> and were pierced so that they could be attached to clothing with thread.<sup id="cite_ref-Hesse&Hesse_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hesse&Hesse-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ian McNeil (1990) holds that "the button was originally used more as an ornament than as a fastening, the earliest known being found at <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley">Indus Valley</a>. It is made of a curved shell and is about 5000 years old."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Egypt's <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth Dynasty</a> left behind ornate wig covers, fabricated through sewing buttons formed of precious metals onto strips of backing material.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leatherwork from the Roman Empire incorporates some of the first buttonholes, with the legionary's <a href="/wiki/Loculus_(satchel)" title="Loculus (satchel)"><i>loculus</i></a> closed through the insertion of a metallic buckle, or button into a leather slit. A similar mechanism would later feature in early medieval footwear.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buttons appeared as a means to close cuffs in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_dress" title="Byzantine dress">Byzantine</a> Empire and to fasten the necks of Egyptian tunics by no later than the 5th century.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_containers">As containers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: As containers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since at least the seventeenth century, when box-like metal buttons were constructed especially for the purpose,<sup id="cite_ref-17th_smuggler_button_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17th_smuggler_button-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> buttons have been one of the items in which <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drug</a> <a href="/wiki/Smugglers" class="mw-redirect" title="Smugglers">smugglers</a> have attempted to hide and transport illegal substances. At least one modern smuggler has tried to use this method.<sup id="cite_ref-2009_Australian_customs_finds_heroin_in_dress_buttons_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009_Australian_customs_finds_heroin_in_dress_buttons-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also making use of the storage possibilities of metal buttons, during the <a href="/wiki/World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wars">World Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._military" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. military">U.S. military</a> <a href="/wiki/Locket" title="Locket">locket</a> buttons were made, containing miniature working <a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">compasses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materials_and_manufacture">Materials and manufacture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Materials and manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Button_stamping_machine,_Henri_Jamorski_Button_Factory,_Paris,_France,_1919_(28206559760).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Button_stamping_machine%2C_Henri_Jamorski_Button_Factory%2C_Paris%2C_France%2C_1919_%2828206559760%29.jpg/220px-Button_stamping_machine%2C_Henri_Jamorski_Button_Factory%2C_Paris%2C_France%2C_1919_%2828206559760%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Button_stamping_machine%2C_Henri_Jamorski_Button_Factory%2C_Paris%2C_France%2C_1919_%2828206559760%29.jpg/330px-Button_stamping_machine%2C_Henri_Jamorski_Button_Factory%2C_Paris%2C_France%2C_1919_%2828206559760%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Button_stamping_machine%2C_Henri_Jamorski_Button_Factory%2C_Paris%2C_France%2C_1919_%2828206559760%29.jpg/440px-Button_stamping_machine%2C_Henri_Jamorski_Button_Factory%2C_Paris%2C_France%2C_1919_%2828206559760%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2479" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Button stamping machine at the Henri Jamorski Button Factory in Paris, 1919</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_raw_materials_used_in_button-making" title="List of raw materials used in button-making">List of raw materials used in button-making</a></div> <p>Because buttons have been manufactured from almost every possible material, both <a href="/wiki/Natural_materials" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural materials">natural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic chemical">synthetic</a>, and combinations of both, the history of the material composition of buttons reflects the <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_materials_technology" title="Timeline of materials technology">timeline of materials technology</a>. </p><p>Buttons can be individually crafted by <a href="/wiki/Artisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Artisans">artisans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craftspeople" class="mw-redirect" title="Craftspeople">craftspeople</a> or <a href="/wiki/Artists" class="mw-redirect" title="Artists">artists</a> from <a href="/wiki/Raw_materials" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw materials">raw materials</a> or <a href="/wiki/Found_objects" class="mw-redirect" title="Found objects">found objects</a> (for example <a href="/wiki/Fossils" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossils">fossils</a>), or a combination of both. Alternatively, they can be the product of <a href="/wiki/Low-tech" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-tech">low-tech</a> <a href="/wiki/Cottage_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cottage industry">cottage industry</a> or be <a href="/wiki/Mass-production" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass-production">mass-produced</a> in <a href="/wiki/High-tech#High-tech_industries" class="mw-redirect" title="High-tech">high-tech</a> <a href="/wiki/Factories" class="mw-redirect" title="Factories">factories</a>. Buttons made by artists are <a href="/wiki/Art_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Art object">art objects</a>, known to button collectors as "studio buttons" (or simply "studios", from <a href="/wiki/Studio_craft" title="Studio craft">studio craft</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Studio_buttons_at_Button_Country_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Studio_buttons_at_Button_Country-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1918, the US government made an extensive survey of the international button market, which listed buttons made of <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_ivory" title="Vegetable ivory">vegetable ivory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galalith" title="Galalith">galalith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a>, cotton-covered <a href="/wiki/Crochet" title="Crochet">crochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snap_fastener" title="Snap fastener">snap fasteners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">enamel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antler" title="Antler">buckhorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horn_(anatomy)" title="Horn (anatomy)">horn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, pressed <a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">cardboard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">mother-of-pearl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celluloid" title="Celluloid">celluloid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porcelain" title="Porcelain">porcelain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Composition_doll" title="Composition doll">composition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celluloid" title="Celluloid">xylonite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone">stone</a>, cloth-covered wooden forms, and <a href="/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Papier-mâché">papier-mâché</a>. Vegetable ivory was said to be the most popular for suits and shirts, and papier-mâché far and away the commonest sort of shoe button.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nowadays, hard plastic, seashell, metals, and <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> are the most common materials used in button-making; the others tending to be used only in premium or <a href="/wiki/Antique" title="Antique">antique</a> apparel, or found in <a href="/wiki/Button_collecting" title="Button collecting">collections</a>. </p><p>Over 60% of the world's button supply comes from <a href="/wiki/Qiaotou,_Yongjia_County" title="Qiaotou, Yongjia County">Qiaotou, Yongjia County</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decoration_and_coating_techniques">Decoration and coating techniques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decoration and coating techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, fashions in buttons have also reflected trends in <a href="/wiki/Applied_aesthetics#Two-dimensional_and_plastic_arts" title="Applied aesthetics">applied aesthetics</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Applied_arts" title="Applied arts">applied</a> <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">visual arts</a>, with buttonmakers using techniques from <a href="/wiki/Jewellery_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewellery making">jewellery making</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">ceramics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">printmaking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">metalworking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weaving</a> and others. The following are just a few of the construction and decoration techniques that have been used in button-making: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arita_ware" title="Arita ware">Arita porcelain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloisonn%C3%A9" title="Cloisonné">Cloisonné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroplating" title="Electroplating">Electroplating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">Embroidery</a><sup id="cite_ref-French_embroidered_decorative_buttons,_made_1785-1792_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-French_embroidered_decorative_buttons,_made_1785-1792-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filigree" title="Filigree">Filigree</a><sup id="cite_ref-Elements_of_German_filigree_button,_made_1880_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elements_of_German_filigree_button,_made_1880-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intaglio_(printmaking)" title="Intaglio (printmaking)">Intaglio</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacquerware" title="Lacquerware">Lacquerware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">Lithography</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallizing" title="Metallizing">Metallizing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metal_openwork&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metal openwork (page does not exist)">Metal openwork</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gilded_and_enamelled_metal_openwork_buttons_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilded_and_enamelled_metal_openwork_buttons-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_interassile" class="mw-redirect" title="Opus interassile">Opus interassile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passementerie" title="Passementerie">Passementerie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Passementerie_buttons,_made_1740-1749,_probably_French_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passementerie_buttons,_made_1740-1749,_probably_French-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_miniatures" class="mw-redirect" title="Portrait miniatures">Portrait miniatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma_ware" title="Satsuma ware">Satsuma ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">Vitreous enamel</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Styles_of_attachment">Styles of attachment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Styles of attachment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plastic_%26_fabric_buttons_showing_holes_%26_shank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Plastic_%26_fabric_buttons_showing_holes_%26_shank.jpg/220px-Plastic_%26_fabric_buttons_showing_holes_%26_shank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Plastic_%26_fabric_buttons_showing_holes_%26_shank.jpg/330px-Plastic_%26_fabric_buttons_showing_holes_%26_shank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Plastic_%26_fabric_buttons_showing_holes_%26_shank.jpg/440px-Plastic_%26_fabric_buttons_showing_holes_%26_shank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>Three plastic sew-through buttons (left) and one shank, fabric-covered button (right)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Flat or sew-through</b> buttons have holes through which thread is sewn to attach the button.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flat buttons may be attached by <a href="/wiki/Sewing_machine" title="Sewing machine">sewing machine</a> rather than by hand and may be used with heavy fabrics by working a thread shank to extend the height of the button above the fabric.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shank_buttons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shank_buttons.jpg/220px-Shank_buttons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shank_buttons.jpg/330px-Shank_buttons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shank_buttons.jpg/440px-Shank_buttons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>An assorti of <i>shank buttons</i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Shank_(sewing)" title="Shank (sewing)">Shank</a></b> buttons have a hollow protrusion on the back through which thread is sewn to attach the button.<sup id="cite_ref-Button_shanks,_various_materials_&_types_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Button_shanks,_various_materials_&_types-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Button shanks may be made from a separate piece of the same or a different substance as the button itself, and added to the back of the button, or be carved or moulded directly onto the back of the button, in which latter case the button is referred to by collectors as having a 'self-shank'.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Durchsteckknoepfe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Durchsteckknoepfe.jpg/220px-Durchsteckknoepfe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Durchsteckknoepfe.jpg/330px-Durchsteckknoepfe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Durchsteckknoepfe.jpg/440px-Durchsteckknoepfe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Plastic studs for bedclothes</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ShirtStuds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/ShirtStuds.jpg/220px-ShirtStuds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/ShirtStuds.jpg/330px-ShirtStuds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/ShirtStuds.jpg/440px-ShirtStuds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1203" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Shirt studs</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Stud</b> buttons (also push-through buttons or just studs) are composed from an actual button, connected to a second, button-like element by a narrow metal or plastic bar. Pushed through two opposing holes within what is meant to be kept together, the actual button and its counterpart press it together, keeping it joined. Popular examples of such buttons are shirt studs and <a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">cufflinks</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Snap_fasteners" class="mw-redirect" title="Snap fasteners">Snap fasteners</a></b> (also pressure buttons or press studs) are metal (usually brass) round discs pinched through the fabric. They are often found on clothing, in particular on denim pieces such as pants and jackets. They are more securely fastened to the material. As they rely on a metal rivet attached securely to the fabric, pressure buttons are difficult to remove without compromising the fabric's integrity. They are made of two couples: the male stud couple and the female stud couple. Each couple has one front (or top) and rear (or bottom) side (the fabric goes in the middle).</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chambers_1908_Toggle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Short stick on a cord (attached centrally), with both ends of the stick passed through a separate loop of cord." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Chambers_1908_Toggle.png" decoding="async" width="205" height="285" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="285" /></a><figcaption>Illustration from 1908 Chambers's Twentieth Century. Toggle, n. (naut.) a short bar of wood, tapering from the middle towards each end, placed in an eye at the end of a rope, to keep the end from passing through a loop or knot.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span class="anchor" id="toggle"></span><b>Toggles</b> are stick-like, with a cord attached at the center. They are passed endways through a hole and then rotated sideways.</li> <li><b>Magnetic buttons</b>, as the name implies, are buttons that attach to each other by being magnetic.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buttons can be attached either by sewing or snapping them into the fabric.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fabric_buttons">Fabric buttons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fabric buttons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Covered buttons</b> are fabric-covered forms with a separate back piece that secures the fabric over the knob.</li> <li><b>Mandarin buttons</b> or <a href="/wiki/Frog_(fastening)" title="Frog (fastening)">frogs</a> are knobs made of intricately knotted strings. Mandarin buttons are a key element in <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin dress">Mandarin dress</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Qipao" class="mw-redirect" title="Qipao">Qi Pao</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Cheongsam" title="Cheongsam">cheongsam</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>), where they are closed with loops. Pairs of mandarin buttons worn as <a href="/wiki/Cuff_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuff link">cuff links</a> are called <b>silk knots</b>.</li> <li><b>Worked or cloth buttons</b> are created by <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidering</a> or <a href="/wiki/Crochet" title="Crochet">crocheting</a> tight stitches (usually with <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a> <a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">thread</a>) over a knob or ring called a <b>form</b>. <a href="/wiki/Dorset_button" title="Dorset button">Dorset buttons</a>, handmade from the 17th century to 1750, and Death head buttons are of this type.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Button_sizes">Button sizes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Button sizes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The size of the button depends on its use. Shirt buttons are generally small, and spaced close together, whereas coat buttons are larger and spaced further apart. Buttons are commonly measured in <a href="/wiki/Ligne" title="Ligne">lignes</a> (also called <i><a href="/wiki/Line_(unit)" title="Line (unit)">lines</a></i> and abbreviated <i>L</i>), with 40 lines equal to 1 inch.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, some standard sizes of buttons are 16 lignes (10.16 mm, standard buttons of men's <a href="/wiki/Shirt" title="Shirt">shirts</a>) and 32 lignes (20.32 mm, typical button on <a href="/wiki/Suit_(clothes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (clothes)">suit jackets</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_museums_and_galleries">In museums and galleries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In museums and galleries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Carl_Faberg%C3%A9_-_Buttons_-_1966.490_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Peter_Carl_Faberg%C3%A9_-_Buttons_-_1966.490_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/170px-Peter_Carl_Faberg%C3%A9_-_Buttons_-_1966.490_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Peter_Carl_Faberg%C3%A9_-_Buttons_-_1966.490_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/255px-Peter_Carl_Faberg%C3%A9_-_Buttons_-_1966.490_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Peter_Carl_Faberg%C3%A9_-_Buttons_-_1966.490_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/340px-Peter_Carl_Faberg%C3%A9_-_Buttons_-_1966.490_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2627" data-file-height="3400" /></a><figcaption>Peter Carl Fabergé buttons in the Cleveland Museum of Art</figcaption></figure> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Museums" class="mw-redirect" title="Museums">museums</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_galleries" class="mw-redirect" title="Art galleries">art galleries</a> hold culturally, historically, politically, and/or artistically significant buttons in their collections. The <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> has many buttons,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly in its <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum#Jewellery" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">jewellery collection</a>, as does the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian">Smithsonian Institution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hammond Turner & Sons, a button-making company in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, hosts an online museum with an image gallery and historical button-related articles,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including an 1852 article on button-making by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the US, large <a href="/wiki/Button_collecting" title="Button collecting">button collections</a> are on public display at the Waterbury Button Museum of <a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury, Connecticut</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Keep Homestead Museum of <a href="/wiki/Monson,_Massachusetts" title="Monson, Massachusetts">Monson, Massachusetts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which also hosts an extensive button archive,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in Gurnee, Illinois, at The Button Room.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ButtonholeClamshells.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clam shells used for making buttons"><img alt="Clam shells used for making buttons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ButtonholeClamshells.jpg/180px-ButtonholeClamshells.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ButtonholeClamshells.jpg/270px-ButtonholeClamshells.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ButtonholeClamshells.jpg/360px-ButtonholeClamshells.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3764" data-file-height="2348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Clam shells used for making buttons</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Satsuma_irises_f%26b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hand-painted Satsuma ware self-shank button"><img alt="Hand-painted Satsuma ware self-shank button" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Satsuma_irises_f%26b.jpg/146px-Satsuma_irises_f%26b.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Satsuma_irises_f%26b.jpg/220px-Satsuma_irises_f%26b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Satsuma_irises_f%26b.jpg/293px-Satsuma_irises_f%26b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="851" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hand-painted <a href="/wiki/Satsuma_ware" title="Satsuma ware">Satsuma ware</a> self-shank button</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merfamily_wedgewood_cut_steel_f%26b_smaller_back_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wedgwood button with Boulton cut steels, depicting a mermaid & family, England, c. 1760. Diameter just over 32 mm (11⁄4")"><img alt="Wedgwood button with Boulton cut steels, depicting a mermaid & family, England, c. 1760. Diameter just over 32 mm (11⁄4")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Merfamily_wedgewood_cut_steel_f%26b_smaller_back_2.jpg/180px-Merfamily_wedgewood_cut_steel_f%26b_smaller_back_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Merfamily_wedgewood_cut_steel_f%26b_smaller_back_2.jpg/270px-Merfamily_wedgewood_cut_steel_f%26b_smaller_back_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Merfamily_wedgewood_cut_steel_f%26b_smaller_back_2.jpg/360px-Merfamily_wedgewood_cut_steel_f%26b_smaller_back_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="674" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wedgwood" title="Wedgwood">Wedgwood</a> button with <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Boulton" title="Matthew Boulton">Boulton</a> <a href="/wiki/Cut_steel_jewellery" title="Cut steel jewellery">cut steels</a>, depicting a <a href="/wiki/Mermaid" title="Mermaid">mermaid</a> & family, England, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1760</span>. Diameter just over 32 mm (1<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>")</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Livery_MET_1983.241.3b_d2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thread Covered buttons"><img alt="Thread Covered buttons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Livery_MET_1983.241.3b_d2.jpg/177px-Livery_MET_1983.241.3b_d2.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Livery_MET_1983.241.3b_d2.jpg/266px-Livery_MET_1983.241.3b_d2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Livery_MET_1983.241.3b_d2.jpg/355px-Livery_MET_1983.241.3b_d2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="465" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thread Covered buttons</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positioning">Positioning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Positioning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Classic clothing has the button on the left side for women and on the right side for men. The reasons for this are unclear, but the choice for men's clothing is usually attributed to the need to draw weapons from the left to right; the weapon would then not catch on opening of the clothing. For women's clothing the common reason given is that in times when upper-class women's clothing was quite elaborate, servants were needed for dressing, and the left placement of the buttons was more convenient for right-handed maids.<sup id="cite_ref-ButtLeftAtlantic_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ButtLeftAtlantic-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Jews <a href="/wiki/Rekel#Design" title="Rekel">reverse this</a>, following statements in the Torah that favor dressing first on the right side, or from the Kabbalah, in which the right side denotes goodness.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ButtoKabaFORWARD2019_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ButtoKabaFORWARD2019-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ButtoTISRAEL2-17_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ButtoTISRAEL2-17-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_politics">In politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mainly American tradition of politically significant clothing buttons appears to have begun with the <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="First inauguration of George Washington">first presidential inauguration</a> of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> in 1789. Known to collectors as "Washington Inaugurals",<sup id="cite_ref-GW_Inaugurals_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GW_Inaugurals-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they were made of <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield plate">Sheffield plate</a>, in large sizes for coats and smaller sizes for breeches.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Made in twenty-two patterns and hand-stamped, they are now extremely valuable <a href="/wiki/Cultural_artifact" title="Cultural artifact">cultural artifacts</a>. </p><p>Between about 1840 and 1916, clothing buttons were used in American <a href="/wiki/Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">political campaigns</a>, and still exist in collections today. Initially, these buttons were predominantly made of brass (though horn and rubber buttons with stamped or moulded designs also exist) and had loop shanks. Around 1860 the badge or <a href="/wiki/Pin-back_button" title="Pin-back button">pin-back</a> style of construction, which replaced the shanks with long pins, probably for use on lapels and ties, began to appear.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One common practice that survived until recent times on campaign buttons and badges was to include the image of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> with that of the candidate in question. </p><p>Some of the most famous <a href="/wiki/Campaign_button" title="Campaign button">campaign buttons</a> are those made for <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>. <a href="/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial">Memorial</a> buttons commemorating Lincoln's inaugurations and other life events, including his birth and <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln#Assassination" title="Abraham Lincoln">death</a>, were also made, and are also considered highly collectible.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koumpounophobia" title="Koumpounophobia">Koumpounophobia</a>, fear of buttons</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kot_Diji_Button_seal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kot_Diji_Button_seal_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKhan1999" class="citation web cs1">Khan, Omar (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harappa.com/indus2/128.html">"Fired steatite button"</a>. <i>The Indus Civilization</i>. San Francisco, USA: harrapa.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indus+Civilization&rft.atitle=Fired+steatite+button&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harappa.com%2Findus2%2F128.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240519173031/https://www.seniorhikermagazine.com/a-day-in-the-neolithic-a-walk-through-5000-year-old-scotland-at-the-tomb-of-the-eagles/">"A Day in the Neolithic: A Walk Through 5,000-year-old Scotland at the Tomb of the Eagles"</a>. <i>Senior Hiker Magazine</i>. 2018-08-27. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seniorhikermagazine.com/a-day-in-the-neolithic-a-walk-through-5000-year-old-scotland-at-the-tomb-of-the-eagles/">the original</a> on 2024-05-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senior+Hiker+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+Day+in+the+Neolithic%3A+A+Walk+Through+5%2C000-year-old+Scotland+at+the+Tomb+of+the+Eagles&rft.date=2018-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seniorhikermagazine.com%2Fa-day-in-the-neolithic-a-walk-through-5000-year-old-scotland-at-the-tomb-of-the-eagles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMamwell2018" class="citation book cs1">Mamwell, Caroline Jane (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5clOvwEACAAJ"><i><span></span>'It Rained a Lot and Nothing Much Happened': Settlement and Society in Bronze Age Orkney</i></a>. University of Edinburgh. p. 146.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27It+Rained+a+Lot+and+Nothing+Much+Happened%27%3A+Settlement+and+Society+in+Bronze+Age+Orkney&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=University+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Mamwell&rft.aufirst=Caroline+Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5clOvwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHedges1998" class="citation book cs1">Hedges, John W. (1998-04-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nLHvMEWhOBUC&q=Button"><i>Tomb of the Eagles: Death and Life in a Stone Age Tribe</i></a>. New Amsterdam Books. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4617-3268-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4617-3268-6"><bdi>978-1-4617-3268-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tomb+of+the+Eagles%3A+Death+and+Life+in+a+Stone+Age+Tribe&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=New+Amsterdam+Books&rft.date=1998-04-21&rft.isbn=978-1-4617-3268-6&rft.aulast=Hedges&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnLHvMEWhOBUC%26q%3DButton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hesse&Hesse-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hesse&Hesse_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hesse&Hesse_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hesse, Rayner W. & Hesse (Jr.), Rayner W. (2007). <i>Jewelrymaking Through History: An Encyclopedia</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. 35. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-33507-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-33507-9">0-313-33507-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McNeil, Ian (1990). <i>An encyclopaedia of the history of technology</i>. Taylor & Francis. 852. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-01306-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-01306-2">0-415-01306-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2008" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Garry J. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.30861/9781407303086"><i>Royal Authority in Egypt's Eighteenth Dynasty</i></a>. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.30861%2F9781407303086">10.30861/9781407303086</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-0308-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-0308-6"><bdi>978-1-4073-0308-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Authority+in+Egypt%27s+Eighteenth+Dynasty&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+MI&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.30861%2F9781407303086&rft.isbn=978-1-4073-0308-6&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Garry+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.30861%2F9781407303086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/timeline/viking/viking-boot">"Viking Boot: History of York"</a>. <i>www.historyofyork.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.historyofyork.org.uk&rft.atitle=Viking+Boot%3A+History+of+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofyork.org.uk%2Ftimeline%2Fviking%2Fviking-boot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/November-2020/The-Westward-Journeys-of-Buttons">"The Westward Journeys of Buttons - AramcoWorld"</a>. <i>www.aramcoworld.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aramcoworld.com&rft.atitle=The+Westward+Journeys+of+Buttons+-+AramcoWorld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aramcoworld.com%2FArticles%2FNovember-2020%2FThe-Westward-Journeys-of-Buttons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17th_smuggler_button-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17th_smuggler_button_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahl2008" class="citation web cs1">Dahl, Liz (June 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/hg/index.ssf/2008/06/marv_bondarowicz_the_oregonian_3.html">"For a collector hooked on history, every button tells a story"</a>. <i>The Oregonian: Homes & Gardens</i>. Oregon, USA: Oregon Live LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Australia: Customs and Border Protection Communication and Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=heroin+concealed+in+dress+buttons&rft.place=Australia&rft.pub=Customs+and+Border+Protection+Communication+and+Media&rft.date=2009-11-12&rft.au=Australian+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.customs.gov.au%2Fsite%2FHeroinconcealedindressbuttons.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFLuscomb2003">Luscomb 2003</a>, p. 126)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Studio_buttons_at_Button_Country-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Studio_buttons_at_Button_Country_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeach_State_Button_Club2010" class="citation web cs1">Peach State Button Club (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100606190304/http://www.buttoncountry.com/studios.htm">"Studios (Section 23-11)"</a>. <i>Button Country</i>. Georgia, USA: Peach State Button Club. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buttoncountry.com/studios.htm">the original</a> on 6 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Button+Country&rft.atitle=Studios+%28Section+23-11%29&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Peach+State+Button+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuttoncountry.com%2Fstudios.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Paper and Stationery Trade of the World, Government Printing Office, 1918</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/welcome-to-button-town-china/">"A look at China's "Button Town"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.cbsnews.com</i>. 8 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=A+look+at+China%27s+%22Button+Town%22&rft.date=2015-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fwelcome-to-button-town-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5686805">"Chinese 'Button Town' Struggles with Success"</a>. <i>NPR.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Chinese+%27Button+Town%27+Struggles+with+Success&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D5686805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFLuscomb2003">Luscomb 2003</a>, p. 53)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-French_embroidered_decorative_buttons,_made_1785-1792-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-French_embroidered_decorative_buttons,_made_1785-1792_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictoria_and_Albert_museum" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert museum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110824194648/http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O127202/mans-suit-coat/">"Man's suit, Coat and breeches"</a>. London, UK: V&A Images. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O127202/mans-suit-coat/">the original</a> on 24 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Man%27s+suit%2C+Coat+and+breeches&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=V%26A+Images&rft.au=Victoria+and+Albert+museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.vam.ac.uk%2Fitem%2FO127202%2Fmans-suit-coat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elements_of_German_filigree_button,_made_1880-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elements_of_German_filigree_button,_made_1880_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictoria_and_Albert_Museum1880" class="citation web cs1">Victoria and Albert Museum (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O140427/elements-of-a/">"Elements of a German filigree button, made ca 1880"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum#Jewellery" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">V&A Jewellery collection</a></i>. London, UK: V&A Images<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%26A+Jewellery+collection&rft.atitle=Elements+of+a+German+filigree+button%2C+made+ca+1880&rft.date=1880&rft.au=Victoria+and+Albert+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.vam.ac.uk%2Fitem%2FO140427%2Felements-of-a%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFLuscomb2003">Luscomb 2003</a>, p. 104)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFLuscomb2003">Luscomb 2003</a>, pp. 123–124)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gilded_and_enamelled_metal_openwork_buttons-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gilded_and_enamelled_metal_openwork_buttons_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictoria_&_Albert_museum1992" class="citation web cs1">Victoria & Albert museum (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O22588/jacket-from-bridegrooms/">"Jacket from bridegroom's outfit"</a>. <i>V&A Jewellery collection</i>. London, UK: V&A Images<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%26A+Jewellery+collection&rft.atitle=Jacket+from+bridegroom%27s+outfit&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Victoria+%26+Albert+museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.vam.ac.uk%2Fitem%2FO22588%2Fjacket-from-bridegrooms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Passementerie_buttons,_made_1740-1749,_probably_French-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Passementerie_buttons,_made_1740-1749,_probably_French_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O127140/coat/">"Coat - Victoria & Albert museum"</a>. London, UK: V&A Images<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coat+-+Victoria+%26+Albert+museum&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=V%26A+Images&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.vam.ac.uk%2Fitem%2FO127140%2Fcoat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColton1978" class="citation book cs1">Colton, Virginia, ed. (1978). <i>Complete Guide to Sewing</i>. 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Sun Mei Button Enterprise Co., Ltd. 2019-06-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Easy+Guide+to+Button+Measurement+and+Sizing&rft.pub=Sun+Mei+Button+Enterprise+Co.%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2019-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunmeibutton.com%2Fbutton-measurement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-107250-6.50007-3">"Standard Buttons"</a>, <i>Brain Browser</i>, Elsevier, pp. 86–90, 1990, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-107250-6.50007-3">10.1016/b978-0-12-107250-6.50007-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-107250-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-107250-6"><bdi>978-0-12-107250-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-18</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Browser&rft.atitle=Standard+Buttons&rft.pages=86-90&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-107250-6.50007-3&rft.isbn=978-0-12-107250-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-107250-6.50007-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/search/?offset=0&limit=15&narrow=&q=button&commit=Search&quality=2&objectnamesearch=&placesearch=&after=&after-adbc=AD&before=&before-adbc=AD&namesearch=&materialsearch=&mnsearch=&locationsearch=&listing_type=image&orderby=0&order=0">"Your Search Results | Search the Collections | Victoria and Albert Museum"</a>. <i>collections.vam.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collections.vam.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Your+Search+Results+%26%23124%3B+Search+the+Collections+%26%23124%3B+Victoria+and+Albert+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.vam.ac.uk%2Fsearch%2F%3Foffset%3D0%26limit%3D15%26narrow%3D%26q%3Dbutton%26commit%3DSearch%26quality%3D2%26objectnamesearch%3D%26placesearch%3D%26after%3D%26after-adbc%3DAD%26before%3D%26before-adbc%3DAD%26namesearch%3D%26materialsearch%3D%26mnsearch%3D%26locationsearch%3D%26listing_type%3Dimage%26orderby%3D0%26order%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanindian.si.edu/searchcollections/results.aspx?objtype=Sewing+Tools+and+Equipment:+Notions&objid=Button">American Indian Buttons made with ivory, whalebone and ink</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221042738/https://americanindian.si.edu/searchcollections/results.aspx?objtype=Sewing+Tools+and+Equipment:+Notions&objid=Button">Archived</a> 2018-12-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianlegacies.si.edu/objectdescription.cfm?ID=50">Domestic button collection, circa 1935</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History" title="National Museum of American History">Smithsonian National Museum of American History</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&id=63886&img=1&pg=1">Uniform buttons</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723123107/http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&id=63886&img=1&pg=1">Archived</a> 2011-07-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> at 'Arago', the Smithsonian <a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Museum" title="National Postal Museum">National Postal Museum</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/button-3704">"Button | Smithsonian American Art Museum"</a>. <i>americanart.si.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=americanart.si.edu&rft.atitle=Button+%26%23124%3B+Smithsonian+American+Art+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanart.si.edu%2Fartwork%2Fbutton-3704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hammond-turner.com/">"Hammond-Turner.com – Online Button Museum"</a>. <i>hammond-turner.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hammond-turner.com&rft.atitle=Hammond-Turner.com+%E2%80%93+Online+Button+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhammond-turner.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hammond-turner.com/?option=com_content&view=article&id=19&Itemid=9">"Hammond-Turner.com – Online Button Museum"</a>. <i>hammond-turner.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hammond-turner.com&rft.atitle=Hammond-Turner.com+%E2%80%93+Online+Button+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhammond-turner.com%2F%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D19%26Itemid%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mattmuseum.org/">"Mattatuck Museum | Art Exhibitions & Educational Programs in CT"</a>. <i>Mattatuck Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mattatuck+Museum&rft.atitle=Mattatuck+Museum+%26%23124%3B+Art+Exhibitions+%26+Educational+Programs+in+CT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mattmuseum.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keephomesteadmuseum.org/">"Keep Homestead Museum"</a>. <i>keephomesteadmuseum.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=keephomesteadmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Keep+Homestead+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkeephomesteadmuseum.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200119093354/https://keephomesteadmuseum.org/button.htm">"Keep Homestead Museum - Button Collection"</a>. <i>keephomesteadmuseum.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keephomesteadmuseum.org/button.htm">the original</a> on 2020-01-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=keephomesteadmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Keep+Homestead+Museum+-+Button+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkeephomesteadmuseum.org%2Fbutton.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127110009/http://thebuttonroom.org/">"The Button Room"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebuttonroom.org/">the original</a> on 2020-11-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Button+Room&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebuttonroom.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ButtLeftAtlantic-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ButtLeftAtlantic_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegan_Garber2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Megan Garber (March 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/03/the-curious-case-of-men-and-womens-buttons/388844/">"The Curious Case of Men and Women's Buttons"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2022</span>. <q>On the left for the ladies and on the right for the gents</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Curious+Case+of+Men+and+Women%27s+Buttons&rft.date=2015-03-27&rft.au=Megan+Garber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ftechnology%2Farchive%2F2015%2F03%2Fthe-curious-case-of-men-and-womens-buttons%2F388844%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanny_Lewis2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Danny Lewis (November 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/heres-why-mens-and-womens-clothes-button-opposite-sides-1-180957361/#:~:text=Are%20the%20buttons%20on%20your,up%20on%20the%20right%20side.">"Here's Why Men's and Women's Clothes Button on Opposite Sides"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=Here%27s+Why+Men%27s+and+Women%27s+Clothes+Button+on+Opposite+Sides&rft.date=2015-11-23&rft.au=Danny+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Fheres-why-mens-and-womens-clothes-button-opposite-sides-1-180957361%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAre%2520the%2520buttons%2520on%2520your%2Cup%2520on%2520the%2520right%2520side.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin_Radford2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Benjamin Radford (July 6, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/32681-why-are-mens-and-womens-buttons-on-opposite-sides.html">"Why Are Men's and Women's Buttons on Opposite Sides?"</a>. <i>Live Science</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Live+Science&rft.atitle=Why+Are+Men%27s+and+Women%27s+Buttons+on+Opposite+Sides%3F&rft.date=2010-07-06&rft.au=Benjamin+Radford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F32681-why-are-mens-and-womens-buttons-on-opposite-sides.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaya_Korb_Hubner1989" class="citation book cs1">Chaya Korb Hubner (1989). <i>The Broken Magen David</i>. p. 116. <q>men button right on left .. Tznius</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Broken+Magen+David&rft.pages=116&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Chaya+Korb+Hubner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ButtoKabaFORWARD2019-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ButtoKabaFORWARD2019_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanna_Lorch2019" class="citation news cs1">Danna Lorch (February 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/life/419198/why-do-hasidic-men-button-their-shirts-the-wrong-way/">"Why Do Hasidic Men Button Their Shirts The Wrong Way?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forward" title="The Forward">The Forward</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2022</span>. <q>Just like women, most Hasidic men button their jackets, shirts, and rekels (long frock coat) with the right side over the left</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=Why+Do+Hasidic+Men+Button+Their+Shirts+The+Wrong+Way%3F&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft.au=Danna+Lorch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Flife%2F419198%2Fwhy-do-hasidic-men-button-their-shirts-the-wrong-way%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ButtoTISRAEL2-17-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ButtoTISRAEL2-17_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadison_Margolin2017" class="citation news cs1">Madison Margolin (February 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-ultra-orthodox-fashion-you-can-tell-a-lot-about-a-person-by-his-button-holes/">"In ultra-Orthodox fashion, you can tell a lot about a person by his button holdes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=In+ultra-Orthodox+fashion%2C+you+can+tell+a+lot+about+a+person+by+his+button+holdes&rft.date=2017-02-12&rft.au=Madison+Margolin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fin-ultra-orthodox-fashion-you-can-tell-a-lot-about-a-person-by-his-button-holes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewinthecity.com/2021/06/whats-the-difference-between-hasidic-vs-orthodox-jews/"><i>What's the Difference Between Hasidic vs. Orthodox Jews?</i></a>, June 14, 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What%27s+the+Difference+Between+Hasidic+vs.+Orthodox+Jews%3F&rft.date=2021-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewinthecity.com%2F2021%2F06%2Fwhats-the-difference-between-hasidic-vs-orthodox-jews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GW_Inaugurals-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GW_Inaugurals_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCobbKirk_Mitchell2005" class="citation web cs1">Cobb, J. Harold; Kirk Mitchell (Feb 2, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kirkmitchell.tripod.com/CobbGW/index.html">"J. Harold Cobb's George Washington Inaugural Button Collection"</a>. USA: Kirk Mitchell<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J.+Harold+Cobb%27s+George+Washington+Inaugural+Button+Collection&rft.place=USA&rft.pub=Kirk+Mitchell&rft.date=2005-02-02&rft.aulast=Cobb&rft.aufirst=J.+Harold&rft.au=Kirk+Mitchell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkirkmitchell.tripod.com%2FCobbGW%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFLuscomb2003">Luscomb 2003</a>, pp. 214–218)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFLuscomb2003">Luscomb 2003</a>, pp. 33–34)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFLuscomb2003">Luscomb 2003</a>, pp. 119–120)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuscomb2003" class="citation book cs1">Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). <i>The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons</i> (5th ed.). Atglen, PA: Schiffer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7643-1815-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7643-1815-2"><bdi>0-7643-1815-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2003101645">2003101645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Collector%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Buttons&rft.place=Atglen%2C+PA&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Schiffer&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2003101645&rft.isbn=0-7643-1815-2&rft.aulast=Luscomb&rft.aufirst=Sally+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunch2004" class="citation book cs1">Bunch, Bryan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780618221233/page/784"><i>The History of Science and Technology</i></a>. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780618221233/page/784">784</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-22123-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-22123-3"><bdi>978-0-618-22123-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Science+and+Technology&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pages=784&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-618-22123-3&rft.aulast=Bunch&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780618221233%2Fpage%2F784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2012" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Nina (2012) (2012). <i>On the Button: The Significance of an Ordinary Item</i>. London, UK: I. B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-584-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-584-7"><bdi>978-1-84885-584-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1848855842">1848855842</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Button%3A+The+Significance+of+an+Ordinary+Item&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-84885-584-7&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Nina+%282012%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohler1963" class="citation book cs1">Kohler, Carl (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://store.doverpublications.com/0486210308.html"><i>A History of Costume</i></a>. USA: Dover. p. 464. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-21030-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-21030-8"><bdi>978-0-486-21030-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Costume&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=464&rft.pub=Dover&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-0-486-21030-8&rft.aulast=Kohler&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstore.doverpublications.com%2F0486210308.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne1997" class="citation book cs1">Osborne, Peggy A. (1997). <i>Button, button : identification and price guide</i>. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7643-0082-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7643-0082-2"><bdi>0-7643-0082-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/92063104">92063104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Button%2C+button+%3A+identification+and+price+guide&rft.place=Atglen%2C+PA&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Schiffer&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F92063104&rft.isbn=0-7643-0082-2&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Peggy+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeacock1978" class="citation book cs1">Peacock, Primrose (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveringoldbu00peac_0/page/76"><i>Discovering old buttons</i></a>. Discovering series; no. 213. Rosemary Godsell (illus.). Aylesbury, UK: Shire Publications. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveringoldbu00peac_0/page/76">76</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85263-445-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85263-445-5"><bdi>0-85263-445-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+old+buttons&rft.place=Aylesbury%2C+UK&rft.series=Discovering+series%3B+no.+213&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Shire+Publications&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-85263-445-5&rft.aulast=Peacock&rft.aufirst=Primrose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscoveringoldbu00peac_0%2Fpage%2F76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWisniewski1997" class="citation book cs1">Wisniewski, Debra J. (1997). <i>Antique & collectible buttons : identification & values</i>. Charley Lynch. Paducah, KY: Collector Books. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89145-711-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-89145-711-9"><bdi>0-89145-711-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/97122120">97122120</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antique+%26+collectible+buttons+%3A+identification+%26+values&rft.place=Paducah%2C+KY&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Collector+Books&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F97122120&rft.isbn=0-89145-711-9&rft.aulast=Wisniewski&rft.aufirst=Debra+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AButton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Button&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Buttons_(clothing)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Buttons (clothing)">Buttons (clothing)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onefivenine.info/buttons.html">Button-making in Birmingham, England in the 1800s</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100701030355/http://www.buttoncountry.com/patents.htm">Scans of original 1830–1940 US patents for buttons & related tools & machinery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buttonmuseum.org/">Online collection of historical buttons at the Button Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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canvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gather_(sewing)" title="Gather (sewing)">Gather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godet_(sewing)" title="Godet (sewing)">Godet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_(fabrics)" title="Gore (fabrics)">Gore (fabrics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusset" title="Gusset">Gusset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heirloom_sewing" title="Heirloom sewing">Heirloom sewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleat" title="Pleat">Pleat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirring" title="Shirring">Shirring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stitch_(textile_arts)" title="Stitch (textile arts)">Stitches</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_sewing_stitches" title="List of sewing stitches">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backstitch" title="Backstitch">Backstitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_tack" title="Bar tack">Bar tack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_stitch" title="Blanket stitch">Blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_stitch" title="Blind stitch">Blind stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttonhole_stitch" title="Buttonhole stitch">Buttonhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_stitches" title="Cross stitches">Catch stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_stitch" title="Chain stitch">Chain stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coverstitch" title="Coverstitch">Coverstitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-stitch" title="Cross-stitch">Cross-stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidery_stitch" title="Embroidery stitch">Embroidery stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemstitch" title="Hemstitch">Hemstitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockstitch" title="Lockstitch">Lockstitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overlock" title="Overlock">Overlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pad_stitch" title="Pad stitch">Pad stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pick_stitch" title="Pick stitch">Pick stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rantering" title="Rantering">Rantering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_stitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Running stitch">Running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashiko" title="Sashiko">Sashiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoating" title="Stoating">Stoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tack_(sewing)" title="Tack (sewing)">Tack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topstitch" title="Topstitch">Topstitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigzag_stitch" title="Zigzag stitch">Zigzag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seam_(sewing)" title="Seam (sewing)">Seams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neckline" title="Neckline">Neckline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felled_seam" title="Felled seam">Felled seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seam_allowance" title="Seam allowance">Seam allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_line" title="Style line">Style line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notions_(sewing)" title="Notions (sewing)">Notions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Trim_(sewing)" title="Trim (sewing)">Trim</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bias_tape" title="Bias tape">Bias tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_stay" title="Collar stay">Collar stay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_(notion)" title="Elastic (notion)">Elastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galloon" title="Galloon">Galloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grommet" title="Grommet">Grommet/eyelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interfacing" title="Interfacing">Interfacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passementerie" title="Passementerie">Passementerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piping_(sewing)" title="Piping (sewing)">Piping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)" title="Ruffle (sewing)">Ruffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickrack" title="Rickrack">Rickrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-fabric" title="Self-fabric">Self-fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soutache" title="Soutache">Soutache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twill_tape" title="Twill tape">Twill tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrights_(textile_manufacturers)" title="Wrights (textile manufacturers)">Wrights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckle" title="Buckle">Buckle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttonhole" title="Buttonhole">Buttonhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_(fastening)" title="Frog (fastening)">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook-and-eye_closure" title="Hook-and-eye closure">Hook-and-eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook-and-loop_fastener" title="Hook-and-loop fastener">Hook-and-loop fastener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shank_(sewing)" title="Shank (sewing)">Shank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_fastener" title="Snap fastener">Snap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipper" title="Zipper">Zipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grain_(textile)" title="Grain (textile)">Grain/bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selvage" title="Selvage">Selvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Textile/fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_(yarn)" title="Thread (yarn)">Thread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobbin" title="Bobbin">Bobbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_form" title="Dress form">Dress form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlecase" title="Needlecase">Needlecase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_threader" title="Needle threader">Needle threader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_notcher" title="Pattern notcher">Pattern notcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin" title="Pin">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pincushion" title="Pincushion">Pincushion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinking_shears" title="Pinking shears">Pinking shears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissors" title="Scissors">Scissors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seam_ripper" title="Seam ripper">Seam ripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_gauge" title="Sewing gauge">Sewing gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Stitching awl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailor%27s_ham" title="Tailor's ham">Tailor's ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_measure" title="Tape measure">Tape measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thimble" title="Thimble">Thimble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracing_paper" title="Tracing paper">Tracing paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracing_wheel" title="Tracing wheel">Tracing wheel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sewing_occupations" title="List of sewing occupations">Trades</a></li><li>Suppliers</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloth_merchant" title="Cloth merchant">Cloth merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper" title="Draper">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressmaker" title="Dressmaker">Dressmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haberdasher" title="Haberdasher">Haberdasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercery" title="Mercery">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silkwoman" title="Silkwoman">Silkwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailor" title="Tailor">Tailor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pattern_(sewing)" title="Pattern (sewing)">Patterns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterick_Publishing_Company" title="Butterick Publishing Company">Butterick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burda_Style" title="Burda Style">Burda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothkits" title="Clothkits">Clothkits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCall%27s" title="McCall's">McCall's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplicity_Pattern" title="Simplicity Pattern">Simplicity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sewing_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewing machines">Machines</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_sewing_machine_brands" title="List of sewing machine brands">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Thimonnier" title="Barthélemy Thimonnier">Barthélemy Thimonnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernina_International" title="Bernina International">Bernina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Industries" title="Brother Industries">Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Howe" title="Elias Howe">Elias Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elna_(Swiss_company)" title="Elna (Swiss company)">Elna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feiyue_Group" title="Feiyue Group">Feiyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frister_%26_Rossmann" title="Frister & Rossmann">Frister & Rossmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janome" title="Janome">Janome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Sewing_Machine_Company" title="Jones Sewing Machine Company">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juki" title="Juki">Juki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrow_Sewing_Machine_Company" title="Merrow Sewing Machine Company">Merrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Grout" title="William L. Grout">New Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfaff" title="Pfaff">Pfaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewmor" title="Sewmor">Sewmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation">Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_edge_machine" title="Tape edge machine">Tape edge machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSM_Group" title="VSM Group">Viking/Husqvarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sewing_Machine_Company" title="White Sewing Machine Company">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sewing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sewing">Sewing</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F458.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/16px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/24px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/32px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Clothing" title="Portal:Clothing">Clothing portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sewing_terms" title="Glossary of sewing terms">Glossary of terms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Clothing_materials_and_parts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clothing_materials_and_parts" title="Template:Clothing materials and parts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clothing_materials_and_parts" title="Template talk:Clothing materials and parts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing_materials_and_parts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing materials and parts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clothing_materials_and_parts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Clothing materials and parts</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Garment structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armscye" title="Armscye">Armscye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">Collar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_collar" title="Clerical collar">Clerical collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_stays" class="mw-redirect" title="Collar stays">Collar stays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detachable_collar" title="Detachable collar">Detachable collar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuff" title="Cuff">Cuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dart_(sewing)" title="Dart (sewing)">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facing_(sewing)" title="Facing (sewing)">Facing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_(clothing)" title="Fly (clothing)">Fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapel" title="Lapel">Lapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_(segment)" title="Gore (segment)">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hem" title="Hem">Hem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lining_(sewing)" title="Lining (sewing)">Lining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placket" title="Placket">Placket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleat" title="Pleat">Pleat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket" title="Pocket">Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revers" title="Revers">Revers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)" title="Ruffle (sewing)">Ruffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_pads_(fashion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder pads (fashion)">Shoulder pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_strap" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder strap">Strap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeve" title="Sleeve">Sleeve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_(clothing)" title="Train (clothing)">Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waistband" title="Waistband">Waistband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoke_(clothing)" title="Yoke (clothing)">Yoke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Textiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Fur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">Linen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">Wool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synthetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_leather" title="Artificial leather">Artificial leather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer">Elastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">Rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">Spandex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hide_(skin)" title="Hide (skin)">Animal hides</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calfskin" title="Calfskin">Calf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckskin_(leather)" title="Buckskin (leather)">Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatskin_(material)" title="Goatskin (material)">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_leather" title="Kangaroo leather">Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrich_leather" title="Ostrich leather">Ostrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealskin" title="Sealskin">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheepskin" title="Sheepskin">Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snakeskin" title="Snakeskin">Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shagreen" title="Shagreen">Stingray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fastener" title="Fastener">Fasteners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back_closure" title="Back closure">Back closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_hook" title="Belt hook">Belt hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckle" title="Buckle">Buckle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Button</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buttonhole" title="Buttonhole">Buttonhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_(fastening)" title="Frog (fastening)">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shank_(sewing)" title="Shank (sewing)">Shank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook-and-eye_closure" title="Hook-and-eye closure">Hook-and-eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook-and-loop_fastener" title="Hook-and-loop fastener">Hook-and-loop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Velcro" title="Velcro">Velcro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_fastener" title="Snap fastener">Snap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipper" title="Zipper">Zipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seam_(sewing)" title="Seam (sewing)">Seams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neckline" title="Neckline">Neckline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustline" title="Bustline">Bustline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waistline_(clothing)" title="Waistline (clothing)">Waistline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemline" title="Hemline">Hemline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Decorative_arts_and_handicraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decorative_arts" title="Template:Decorative arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decorative_arts" title="Template talk:Decorative arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decorative_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decorative arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Decorative_arts_and_handicraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Decorative_arts" title="Decorative arts">Decorative arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Handicraft" title="Handicraft">handicraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_decorative_arts" title="History of decorative arts">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Textile_arts" title="Textile arts">Textile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banner-making" title="Banner-making">Banner-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Canvas work">Canvas work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crochet" title="Crochet">Crocheting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-stitch" title="Cross-stitch">Cross-stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">Embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">Felting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship_bracelet" title="Friendship bracelet">Friendship bracelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting" title="Knitting">Knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lace-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucet" title="Lucet">Lucet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macram%C3%A9" title="Macramé">Macrame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">Millinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlepoint" title="Needlepoint">Needlepoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlework" title="Needlework">Needlework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchwork" title="Patchwork">Patchwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilting" title="Quilting">Quilting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">Ribbon embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">Carpet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rug_hooking" title="Rug hooking">Rug hooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rug_making" title="Rug making">Rug making</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">Sewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">Shoemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">Spinning (textiles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_art" title="String art">String art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatting" title="Tatting">Tatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie-dye" title="Tie-dye">Tie-dye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altered_book" title="Altered book">Altered book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardmaking" title="Cardmaking">Cardmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_paper" title="Cast paper">Cast paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decoupage" title="Decoupage">Decoupage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papier_coll%C3%A9" title="Papier collé">Papier collé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photomontage" title="Photomontage">Photomontage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decal" title="Decal">Decal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_folding" title="Iris folding">Iris folding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianzhi">Jianzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamikiri_(papercutting)" title="Kamikiri (papercutting)">Kamikiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">Origami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirigami" title="Kirigami">Kirigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moneygami" title="Moneygami">Moneygami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_embossing" title="Paper embossing">Embossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_marbling" title="Paper marbling">Marbling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_model" title="Paper model">Papercraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papercutting" title="Papercutting">Papercutting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_paper_cutting" title="Chinese paper cutting">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_paper_cutting" title="Jewish paper cutting">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wycinanki" class="mw-redirect" title="Wycinanki">Slavic</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_toys" title="Paper toys">Paper toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Papier-mâché">Papier-mâché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-up_book" title="Pop-up book">Pop-up book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilling" title="Quilling">Quilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrapbooking" title="Scrapbooking">Scrapbooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_stamp" title="Rubber stamp">Stamping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper">Wallpaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking">Wood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bentwood" title="Bentwood">Bentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">Cabinetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">Carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_carving" title="Chip carving">Chip carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89b%C3%A9niste" title="Ébéniste">Ébéniste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretwork" title="Fretwork">Fretwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intarsia" title="Intarsia">Intarsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquetry" title="Marquetry">Marquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrography" title="Pyrography">Wood burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">Wood carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodturning" title="Woodturning">Woodturning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo">Azulejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_china" title="Bone china">Bone china</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthenware" title="Earthenware">Earthenware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcelain" title="Porcelain">Porcelain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneware" title="Stoneware">Stoneware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">Terracotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">Tile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glass_art" title="Glass art">Glass</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_glass" title="Cameo glass">Cameo glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_work" title="Chip work">Chip work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enamelled_glass" title="Enamelled glass">Enamelled glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_etching" title="Glass etching">Glass etching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glassware" title="List of glassware">Glassware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror" title="Mirror">Mirror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">Metal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andiron" title="Andiron">Andiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_milling" title="Chemical milling">Chemical milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">Enamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">Engraving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">Etching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silversmith" title="Silversmith">Silversmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_and_brass_ornamental_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze and brass ornamental work">Bronze and brass ornamental work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironwork" title="Ironwork">Ironwork</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblage_(art)" title="Assemblage (art)">Assemblage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_modelling" title="Balloon modelling">Balloon modelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_carving" title="Bone carving">Bone carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doll" title="Doll">Doll making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollhouse" title="Dollhouse">Dollhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_decorating" title="Egg decorating">Egg decorating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">Engraved gems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faux_painting" title="Faux painting">Faux painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotesque_(architecture)" title="Grotesque (architecture)">Grotesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle" title="Gargoyle">Gargoyle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardstone_carving" title="Hardstone carving">Hardstone carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inro" title="Inro">Inro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lath_art" title="Lath art">Lath art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapidary" title="Lapidary">Lapidary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_crafting" title="Leather crafting">Leatherworking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">Miniatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micromosaic" title="Micromosaic">Micromosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">Mosaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glass_mosaic" title="Glass mosaic">Glass mosaic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netsuke" title="Netsuke">Netsuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornament_(art)" title="Ornament (art)">Ornament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorative_painting_in_H%C3%A4lsingland" title="Decorative painting in Hälsingland">Painting in Hälsingland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargeting" title="Pargeting">Pargeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietra_dura" title="Pietra dura">Pietra dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_press" title="Private press">Private press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressed_flower_craft" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressed flower craft">Pressed flower craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_handicrafts" title="Qing handicrafts">Qing handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrimshaw" title="Scrimshaw">Scrimshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_marquetry" title="Straw marquetry">Straw marquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxidermy" title="Taxidermy">Taxidermy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_decal" title="Wall decal">Wall decal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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