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William Audureau鈥檚 latest articles for Le Monde

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icon--outside-simple"> <span class="sr-only">Subscribers only</span> </span><p class="article__title">&#039;Black Paris&#039; exhibition at the Centre Pompidou fills key gaps in our history</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="nav-mobile" class="Nav__mobile"></div> </nav> </div> <div class="lmd-banners js-lmd-banners"> </div> <main role="main" class="main LeMondeMain main--free "> <div id="dfp-habillage" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__slot--habillage" data-format="habillage" aria-hidden="true"></div> <div class="dfp__container"><div id="banniere_haute" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__slot--banniere dfp__slot--banniere-haute adm-ad-loading" data-format="banniere_haute" aria-hidden="true"><div class="loader"></div></div></div> <article class="page page--section"> <section class="zone zone--float"> <header class="page__heading page__heading--authors"> <section class="article__author article__author--posts"> <section class="article__author-description 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class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">In Depth</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Trump's newspeak: A semantic war in the federal government</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">In just a few weeks, the US president has embarked on an impressive lexical blitzkrieg with strong ideological content.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on March 3, 2025, at 7:00 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/maxime-vaudano/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Maxime Vaudano</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/21/0/0/1920/1280/780/520/60/0/2b7b13c_sirius-fs-upload-1-14tybhmnevgl-1740144942099-01-source-en.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/21/0/0/1920/1280/110/73/60/0/2b7b13c_sirius-fs-upload-1-14tybhmnevgl-1740144942099-01-source-en.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/21/0/0/1920/1280/110/73/60/0/2b7b13c_sirius-fs-upload-1-14tybhmnevgl-1740144942099-01-source-en.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2025/02/21/behind-the-words-of-jd-vance-s-historic-munich-speech_6738424_23.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News analysis</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Behind the words of JD Vance's historic Munich speech</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">On February 14, at the Munich Security Conference, US Vice President JD Vance violently attacked European democracy. Le Monde publishes his speech in full, with added context and explanation.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on February 21, 2025, at 8:01 pm (Paris), updated on February 21, 2025, at 8:02 pm</span> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Collective</span> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/0/0/6795/4530/780/520/60/0/e414e02_ftp-import-images-1-eyfugajmfeyk-5015932-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/0/0/6795/4530/110/73/60/0/e414e02_ftp-import-images-1-eyfugajmfeyk-5015932-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/12/0/0/6795/4530/110/73/60/0/e414e02_ftp-import-images-1-eyfugajmfeyk-5015932-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2025/02/21/why-is-french-prime-minister-bayrou-under-fire-over-accusations-of-abuse-in-a-catholic-school_6738403_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Explainer</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Why is French PM Bayrou under fire over accusations of abuse in a Catholic school?</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Former pupils of a Catholic school in the Pyren茅es have complained of sexual and physical abuse, and Fran莽ois Bayrou, who has ties to the school, has been accused by political opponents of dishonesty over his knowledge of the allegations.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on February 21, 2025, at 5:00 am (Paris), updated on March 19, 2025, at 12:41 pm</span> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau, Romain Imbach, Adel Miliani, L茅a Prati and Maxime Vaudano</span> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/18/0/0/1920/1280/780/520/60/0/2d9eef6_sirius-fs-upload-1-fg2uvhxyk9ge-1739887256306-media-d-appel-light.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/18/0/0/1920/1280/110/73/60/0/2d9eef6_sirius-fs-upload-1-fg2uvhxyk9ge-1739887256306-media-d-appel-light.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/18/0/0/1920/1280/110/73/60/0/2d9eef6_sirius-fs-upload-1-fg2uvhxyk9ge-1739887256306-media-d-appel-light.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2025/02/18/covid-19-how-a-group-of-amateur-investigators-pushed-the-lab-leak-theory_6738298_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Investigation</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Covid-19: How a group of amateur investigators pushed the lab-leak theory</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">For the past five years, DRASTIC, a group of internet users with no expertise in virology, has been pushing their hypothesis of a research accident in a Chinese laboratory. Once branded as conspiracy theorists, they now have the attention of the World Health Organization and the US government.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on February 18, 2025, at 6:00 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/03/0/0/5899/3933/780/520/60/0/3dea751_sirius-fs-upload-1-ay28jpvduvhe-1738622080253-jmug250203030.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/03/0/0/5899/3933/110/73/60/0/3dea751_sirius-fs-upload-1-ay28jpvduvhe-1738622080253-jmug250203030.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2025/02/03/0/0/5899/3933/110/73/60/0/3dea751_sirius-fs-upload-1-ay28jpvduvhe-1738622080253-jmug250203030.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2025/02/07/what-s-in-the-french-state-s-2025-budget_6737882_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">Round-up</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">What's in the French state's 2025 budget</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">On Thursday, France's budget was finally adopted after a two-month delay. Here are some of the measures in the legislation.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on February 7, 2025, at 5:00 am (Paris), updated on February 7, 2025, at 11:55 am</span> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau, Aude Dassonville, Iris Der艙ux, Maxime Ferrer, Assma Maad, Manon Romain and Maxime Vaudano</span> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/11/19/0/38/2923/1949/780/520/60/0/df16d15_2024-11-19t193510z-14355264-rc2j8baqxq6z-rtrmadp-3-bluesky-users.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/11/19/0/38/2923/1949/110/73/60/0/df16d15_2024-11-19t193510z-14355264-rc2j8baqxq6z-rtrmadp-3-bluesky-users.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/11/19/0/38/2923/1949/110/73/60/0/df16d15_2024-11-19t193510z-14355264-rc2j8baqxq6z-rtrmadp-3-bluesky-users.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2024/12/08/bluesky-a-young-social-media-network-facing-the-spectre-of-misinformation_6735558_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Bluesky: Misinformation looms over young social media</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">User numbers of this 'old-style Twitter' have exploded since the election of Donald Trump. The presence of a few 'trolls' and Kremlin mouthpieces among them may cast doubt on its ability to remain a healthy forum for discussion for long.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on December 8, 2024, at 12:14 am (Paris), updated on December 8, 2024, at 1:49 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/09/17/75/0/3500/2333/780/520/60/0/bf7c1db_2024-09-17t135702z-1039986376-rc2c2aar9kkp-rtrmadp-3-people-sean-combs.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/09/17/75/0/3500/2333/110/73/60/0/bf7c1db_2024-09-17t135702z-1039986376-rc2c2aar9kkp-rtrmadp-3-people-sean-combs.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/09/17/75/0/3500/2333/110/73/60/0/bf7c1db_2024-09-17t135702z-1039986376-rc2c2aar9kkp-rtrmadp-3-people-sean-combs.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2024/09/29/us-election-how-sex-trafficking-allegations-against-p-diddy-are-being-exploited-to-smear-harris_6727667_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">How sex trafficking allegations against Diddy are being exploited to smear Kamala Harris</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">MAGA communities and Donald Trump himself have seized on the sex trafficking accusations made against the rapper to try and implicate Kamala Harris, through posting fake images.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on September 29, 2024, at 6:25 pm (Paris), updated on October 24, 2024, at 11:52 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/09/05/65/0/4956/3304/780/520/60/0/9aa8850_5592665-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/09/05/65/0/4956/3304/110/73/60/0/9aa8850_5592665-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/09/05/65/0/4956/3304/110/73/60/0/9aa8850_5592665-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2024/09/06/michel-barnier-is-france-s-new-prime-minister-what-happens-next_6725033_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">Explainer</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Michel Barnier is France's new prime minister. What happens next?</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">While there is no set deadline for Michel Barnier and Emmanuel Macron to announce the new government's composition, a motion of no confidence is likely be tabled in the Assembl茅e soon, in a bid to topple the new premier.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on September 6, 2024, at 9:39 am (Paris), updated on September 6, 2024, at 6:27 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/maxime-vaudano/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Maxime Vaudano</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/19/0/8/9504/6336/780/520/60/0/bb4747d_1724060960540-143768.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/19/0/8/9504/6336/110/73/60/0/bb4747d_1724060960540-143768.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/19/0/8/9504/6336/110/73/60/0/bb4747d_1724060960540-143768.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2024/08/21/disinformation-mpox-epidemic-reawakens-covid-era-conspiracy-theories_6719149_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Disinformation: Mpox epidemic reawakens Covid-era conspiracy theories</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">With talk of 'plandemic,' Bill Gates meddling, laboratory engineering or Big Pharma conspiracy, the public health emergency declared by the World Health Organization is rekindling the obsessions of conspiracy theorists.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on August 21, 2024, at 9:21 am (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/14/0/0/5472/3648/780/520/60/0/f84675e_5423555-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/14/0/0/5472/3648/110/73/60/0/f84675e_5423555-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/14/0/0/5472/3648/110/73/60/0/f84675e_5423555-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2024/08/18/kamala-harris-and-tim-walz-targeted-by-an-unusually-violent-online-smear-campaign_6717489_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Kamala Harris and Tim Walz targeted by an unusually violent online smear campaign</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Since late July, the new Democratic candidate and her running mate have been the subject of an avalanche of disinformation from Donald Trump and his supporters, mixing sexism, transphobia and racism.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on August 18, 2024, at 12:10 am (Paris), updated on August 18, 2024, at 5:16 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/13/0/252/1390/927/780/520/60/0/e0ca788_1723559162196-screenshot-2024-08-13t162531-855.png" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/13/0/252/1390/927/110/73/60/0/e0ca788_1723559162196-screenshot-2024-08-13t162531-855.png" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/13/0/252/1390/927/110/73/60/0/e0ca788_1723559162196-screenshot-2024-08-13t162531-855.png" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2024/08/14/us-elections-2024-trump-s-baseless-claims-about-crowds-at-harris-rallies_6715407_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">US elections 2024: Trump's baseless claims about crowds at Harris rallies</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The former US president claimed, without proof, that the Democratic candidate for the November election had 'A.I'd' photos of activists at the Detroit airport.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on August 14, 2024, at 4:09 pm (Paris), updated on August 14, 2024, at 4:20 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/07/0/0/3477/2318/780/520/60/0/ebaab58_29ea749c9e13423e87eaedbc40ab658b-1-2f6c2114e0324ce2b9322421c55f57a1.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/07/0/0/3477/2318/110/73/60/0/ebaab58_29ea749c9e13423e87eaedbc40ab658b-1-2f6c2114e0324ce2b9322421c55f57a1.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/08/07/0/0/3477/2318/110/73/60/0/ebaab58_29ea749c9e13423e87eaedbc40ab658b-1-2f6c2114e0324ce2b9322421c55f57a1.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2024/08/09/paris-olympics-the-disinformation-campaign-against-algerian-boxer-imane-khelif_6712033_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Paris Olympics: The disinformation campaign against Algerian boxer Imane Khelif</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">On social media, the athlete has been accused of being a man, backed by biological presumptions and manipulative publications.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on August 9, 2024, at 5:04 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/07/08/0/0/5922/3948/780/520/60/0/a793942_5019621-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/07/08/0/0/5922/3948/110/73/60/0/a793942_5019621-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/07/08/0/0/5922/3948/110/73/60/0/a793942_5019621-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2024/07/17/what-are-the-risks-of-swimming-in-water-not-adequate-for-recreational-use_6687030_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">Explainer</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">What are the risks of swimming in water not adequate for recreational use?</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Every summer, many people are tempted to take a dip in a river, lake or stream. Depending on the environment, the dangers range from dermatitis to drowning.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on July 17, 2024, at 4:00 am (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/lili-pateman/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Lili Pateman</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/06/13/0/0/2100/1400/780/520/60/0/dfaa26b_1718296543495-option-48.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/06/13/0/0/2100/1400/110/73/60/0/dfaa26b_1718296543495-option-48.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/06/13/0/0/2100/1400/110/73/60/0/dfaa26b_1718296543495-option-48.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2024/07/03/french-elections-which-parties-refused-tactical-withdrawals-to-beat-the-rn_6676599_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">French elections: Which parties refused tactical withdrawals to beat the RN?</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Thirty-three candidates in a position to block the far-right Rassemblement National refused to drop out. Behind this choice lie several reasons: vote transfer calculations, distrust of the left, and some atypical situations.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on July 3, 2024, at 9:13 pm (Paris), updated on July 5, 2024, at 4:41 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/romain-geoffroy/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Romain Geoffroy</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/06/08/0/0/6705/4470/780/520/60/0/44a31bf_1717830600577-hl-lboyer-2413569.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/06/08/0/0/6705/4470/110/73/60/0/44a31bf_1717830600577-hl-lboyer-2413569.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/06/08/0/0/6705/4470/110/73/60/0/44a31bf_1717830600577-hl-lboyer-2413569.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2024/06/10/snap-elections-in-france-how-it-works-precedents-and-consequences_6674391_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">Explainer</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Snap elections in France: How it works, precedents, and consequences</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Following the far-right Rassemblement National's sweeping victory in the European elections, Emmanuel Macron has decided to dissolve to the Assembl茅e Nationale for the first time since 1997.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on June 10, 2024, at 4:00 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/03/25/0/0/1920/1280/780/520/60/0/68ae3a2_1711383598445-media-d-appel.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/03/25/0/0/1920/1280/110/73/60/0/68ae3a2_1711383598445-media-d-appel.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/03/25/0/0/1920/1280/110/73/60/0/68ae3a2_1711383598445-media-d-appel.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2024/04/03/40-beheaded-babies-the-itinerary-of-a-rumor-at-the-heart-of-the-information-battle-between-israel-and-hamas_6667274_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">'40 beheaded babies': Deconstructing the rumor at the heart of the information battle between Israel and Hamas</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">On October 10, official Israeli accounts relayed a sordid but unfounded allegation. Six months later, it continues to circulate, fueling accusations of Israeli disinformation.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on April 3, 2024, at 6:19 pm (Paris), updated on April 3, 2024, at 6:28 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/assma-maad/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Assma Maad</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/samuel-forey/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Samuel Forey</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/03/08/0/201/2598/1732/780/520/60/0/9b857d3_1709892448577-000-34ky9ml.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/03/08/0/201/2598/1732/110/73/60/0/9b857d3_1709892448577-000-34ky9ml.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/03/08/0/201/2598/1732/110/73/60/0/9b857d3_1709892448577-000-34ky9ml.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pixels/article/2024/03/08/akira-toriyama-the-self-taught-manga-creator-who-just-wanted-to-draw-what-he-liked_6598860_13.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">Obituary</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Akira Toriyama, the self-taught manga creator who just wanted to draw what he liked</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The author of "Dr. Slump" and "Dragon Ball," an icon of the manga industry, has died aged 68. He leaves behind a body of work as inventive as it was frustrating.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on March 8, 2024, at 8:33 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/02/20/54/0/5321/3547/780/520/60/0/51dd335_1708440828333-000-32gp9je.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/02/20/54/0/5321/3547/110/73/60/0/51dd335_1708440828333-000-32gp9je.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2024/02/20/54/0/5321/3547/110/73/60/0/51dd335_1708440828333-000-32gp9je.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/sports/article/2024/02/22/are-the-lebrun-brothers-making-table-tennis-popular-again_6547590_9.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Are the Lebrun brothers making table tennis popular again?</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Emerging as sports sensations and new media darlings, the French table tennis duo is contributing to the noticeable, albeit modest, resurgence of French table tennis.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on February 22, 2024, at 4:14 am (Paris), updated on February 22, 2024, at 11:46 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/23/0/0/3378/2252/780/520/60/0/eb98801_e4f98099b28c4eb5985fd8a9e0084614-2-2ef7bcd1a8374e8bba08a07264bce92c.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/23/0/0/3378/2252/110/73/60/0/eb98801_e4f98099b28c4eb5985fd8a9e0084614-2-2ef7bcd1a8374e8bba08a07264bce92c.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/23/0/0/3378/2252/110/73/60/0/eb98801_e4f98099b28c4eb5985fd8a9e0084614-2-2ef7bcd1a8374e8bba08a07264bce92c.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/11/11/photojournalists-embedded-with-hamas-on-october-7-heavy-but-unsubstantiated-israeli-accusations_6247085_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Photojournalists 'embedded' with Hamas on October 7: Heavy but unsubstantiated Israeli accusations</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Israeli officials accused photographers working for foreign media outlets of having 'known about the massacre,' echoing the claim of a pro-Israeli advocacy group, which has since backtracked.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on November 11, 2023, at 8:15 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/09/5/0/3142/2094/780/520/60/0/bd47300_2023-10-09t093026z-611977560-rc2q7t9ps6h9-rtrmadp-3-usa-sec-musk.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/09/5/0/3142/2094/110/73/60/0/bd47300_2023-10-09t093026z-611977560-rc2q7t9ps6h9-rtrmadp-3-usa-sec-musk.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/09/5/0/3142/2094/110/73/60/0/bd47300_2023-10-09t093026z-611977560-rc2q7t9ps6h9-rtrmadp-3-usa-sec-musk.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/10/29/elon-musk-the-disinformed-disinformer_6212261_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News analysis</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Elon Musk, the disinformed disinformer</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">In just one year, the Tesla and SpaceX boss has transformed Twitter into X, a social media network where fake news proliferates. But he himself is a victim of this ecosystem, with聽his naivet茅 and gullibility shining through.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on October 29, 2023, at 1:42 pm (Paris), updated on October 29, 2023, at 7:00 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/16/0/0/7802/5201/780/520/60/0/99af302_5596031-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/16/0/0/7802/5201/110/73/60/0/99af302_5596031-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/10/16/0/0/7802/5201/110/73/60/0/99af302_5596031-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/10/18/arras-terror-attack-why-wasn-t-the-suspect-who-was-under-surveillance-deported_6185037_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Arras terror attack: Why wasn't the suspect, who was under surveillance, deported?</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Political leaders criticized the fact that the attacker of a French teacher had remained in France in 2014, while his family was the target of deportation proceedings.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on October 18, 2023, at 3:41 pm (Paris), updated on October 26, 2023, at 3:54 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/romain-imbach/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Romain Imbach</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/09/18/0/0/8256/5504/780/520/60/0/3cfd2ce_1695034727260-607806.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/09/18/0/0/8256/5504/110/73/60/0/3cfd2ce_1695034727260-607806.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/09/18/0/0/8256/5504/110/73/60/0/3cfd2ce_1695034727260-607806.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/09/19/schools-torched-in-belgium-new-sex-education-program-targeted-by-waves-of-misinformation_6137727_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Schools torched in Belgium: New sex education program targeted by waves of misinformation</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The start of the Belgian school year has been marred by controversy surrounding a two-hour-a-year 'education in emotional and sexual relationships.' Ill-informed parents claim the goal is to hyper-sexualize children.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on September 19, 2023, at 12:45 pm (Paris), updated on September 19, 2023, at 10:56 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/08/30/0/25/4974/3316/780/520/60/0/392ab98_2023-08-30t120625z-813110613-rc2rx2alcqfa-rtrmadp-3-france-islam.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/08/30/0/25/4974/3316/110/73/60/0/392ab98_2023-08-30t120625z-813110613-rc2rx2alcqfa-rtrmadp-3-france-islam.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/08/30/0/25/4974/3316/110/73/60/0/392ab98_2023-08-30t120625z-813110613-rc2rx2alcqfa-rtrmadp-3-france-islam.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/09/05/france-s-century-long-crusade-against-religious-symbols-at-school-from-the-crucifix-to-the-abaya_6124828_7.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">In Depth</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">France's century-long crusade against religious symbols at school, from the crucifix to the abaya</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Since the secular school system was introduced in the late 19th century, there have been several laws on religious symbols at school. In the past the focus was on Christian symbols, whereas today the controversy is centered on clothing associated with Islam.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on September 5, 2023, at 8:00 pm (Paris), updated on September 6, 2023, at 9:21 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/08/28/0/0/4750/3167/780/520/60/0/8a9e431_1693225607658-000-33me2np.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/08/28/0/0/4750/3167/110/73/60/0/8a9e431_1693225607658-000-33me2np.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/08/28/0/0/4750/3167/110/73/60/0/8a9e431_1693225607658-000-33me2np.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/08/29/what-is-the-abaya-the-garment-france-wants-to-ban-from-schools_6113640_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">In Depth</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">What is the abaya, the garment France wants to ban from schools?</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">France's education minister is seeking to ban the traditional over-garment on the grounds that it is an ostensibly religious symbol.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on August 29, 2023, at 11:57 am (Paris), updated on August 29, 2023, at 1:12 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/08/01/0/0/6718/4479/780/520/60/0/4a28a36_1690879892705-445363.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/08/01/0/0/6718/4479/110/73/60/0/4a28a36_1690879892705-445363.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/08/01/0/0/6718/4479/110/73/60/0/4a28a36_1690879892705-445363.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/08/04/the-mediterranean-on-fire-and-a-rainy-paris-the-reasons-for-france-s-weird-summer_6080125_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">Explainer</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">The Mediterranean on fire and a rainy Paris: The reasons for France's weird summer</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">For the past three weeks, part of France has had dismal weather. This can be explained by a shift in the jet stream, but it does not call into question the reality of climate change.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on August 4, 2023, at 12:00 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/07/12/0/0/571/381/780/520/60/0/15491df_1689149809255-soundoffreedom-poster-678x381.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/07/12/0/0/571/381/110/73/60/0/15491df_1689149809255-soundoffreedom-poster-678x381.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/07/12/0/0/571/381/110/73/60/0/15491df_1689149809255-soundoffreedom-poster-678x381.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/07/13/sound-of-freedom-a-film-about-the-fight-against-child-sex-trafficking-galvanizes-conspiracy-circles_6051692_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">In Depth</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">'Sound of Freedom,' a film about the fight against child sex trafficking, galvanizes conspiracy circles</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Alejandro Monteverde's feature film about child sex trafficking is the surprise hit of the summer. Inspired by real facts, though disputed by specialists, the film is being held up by conspiracists close to QAnon as proof of the existence of a deeper network.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on July 13, 2023, at 12:07 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/25/0/17/3831/2554/780/520/60/0/1284832_1685023387105-2023-05-04t174646z-1086927078-rc2qr0art5i3-rtrmadp-3-climate-change-france.JPG" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/25/0/17/3831/2554/110/73/60/0/1284832_1685023387105-2023-05-04t174646z-1086927078-rc2qr0art5i3-rtrmadp-3-climate-change-france.JPG" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/25/0/17/3831/2554/110/73/60/0/1284832_1685023387105-2023-05-04t174646z-1086927078-rc2qr0art5i3-rtrmadp-3-climate-change-france.JPG" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2023/05/31/climate-skepticism-the-anatomy-of-bad-faith_6028568_23.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News analysis</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Climate skepticism: The anatomy of bad faith</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Narratives denying the scientific consensus on climate change are gaining ground. Behind a pseudo-expert facade, their inconsistencies betray profound intellectual dishonesty.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on May 31, 2023, at 5:15 am (Paris), updated on May 31, 2023, at 5:36 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/27/0/2/7305/4870/780/520/60/0/6e1087c_5388497-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/27/0/2/7305/4870/110/73/60/0/6e1087c_5388497-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/27/0/2/7305/4870/110/73/60/0/6e1087c_5388497-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/05/30/attacks-against-palme-d-or-winner-misconstruct-how-french-films-are-funded_6028524_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">In Depth</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Attacks against Palme d'Or winner misconstrue how French films are funded</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">MPs criticized director Justine Triet's acceptance speech at the Cannes film festival, arguing that her film was largely financed with public funds. But this is an oversimplified interpretation of the French film financing system.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on May 30, 2023, at 6:12 pm (Paris), updated on May 31, 2023, at 2:38 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/manon-romain/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Manon Romain</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/06/0/0/5349/3566/780/520/60/0/b91ccf0_5192629-01-06.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/06/0/0/5349/3566/110/73/60/0/b91ccf0_5192629-01-06.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/06/0/0/5349/3566/110/73/60/0/b91ccf0_5192629-01-06.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/05/12/is-it-legal-in-france-for-demonstrators-to-march-with-their-faces-concealed_6026474_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Is it legal in France for demonstrators to march with their faces concealed?</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Neo-fascist groups demonstrated in Paris on May 6. The protest was not banned preventively and no participants were arrested, but many covered their faces, which is, in theory, against French law.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on May 12, 2023, at 4:58 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/02/51/0/672/448/780/520/60/0/070f0cd_1683035166552-screenshot-2023-05-02t154552-763.png" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/02/51/0/672/448/110/73/60/0/070f0cd_1683035166552-screenshot-2023-05-02t154552-763.png" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/05/02/51/0/672/448/110/73/60/0/070f0cd_1683035166552-screenshot-2023-05-02t154552-763.png" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/05/04/may-day-demonstrations-why-fewer-fake-ai-generated-images-generated-were-spread_6025435_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">In Depth</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">May Day demonstrations: Why fewer fake AI-generated images were spread</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">There seems to be a lull in the development of AI-generated fake news images, but the creation of more sophisticated fakes is still very much a possibility.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on May 4, 2023, at 5:00 pm (Paris), updated on May 4, 2023, at 9:24 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/21/72/0/600/400/780/520/60/0/7580deb_1682048566616-sub-buzz-2006-1679940421-1.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/21/72/0/600/400/110/73/60/0/7580deb_1682048566616-sub-buzz-2006-1679940421-1.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/21/72/0/600/400/110/73/60/0/7580deb_1682048566616-sub-buzz-2006-1679940421-1.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2023/04/21/images-generated-by-artificial-intelligence-a-new-tool-for-disinformation_6023689_23.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News analysis</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Images generated by artificial intelligence: A new tool for disinformation</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">On social networks, photographs created entirely using artificial intelligence are starting to proliferate. Their use, while mainly satirical for the time being, could eventually threaten the truthfulness of public debate.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on April 21, 2023, at 2:10 am (Paris), updated on April 26, 2023, at 10:02 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/04/0/0/1800/1200/780/520/60/0/08ce2e6_1680612518983-media2.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/04/0/0/1800/1200/110/73/60/0/08ce2e6_1680612518983-media2.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/04/04/0/0/1800/1200/110/73/60/0/08ce2e6_1680612518983-media2.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/pixels/article/2023/04/04/exploring-the-unpublished-archives-of-super-mario-bros-the-movie-the-1993-flop_6021702_13.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Exploring the unpublished archives of 'Super Mario Bros.: The Movie,' the 1993 flop</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">With a new 'Super Mario' coming out this week, 'Le Monde' looks back at the 1993 movie, one of the entertainment industry's biggest disasters.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on April 4, 2023, at 5:00 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/pierre-trouve/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Pierre Trouv茅</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/03/27/38/0/1007/671/780/520/60/0/a07f7a6_1679921844484-screenshot-2023-03-27t145647-929.png" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/03/27/38/0/1007/671/110/73/60/0/a07f7a6_1679921844484-screenshot-2023-03-27t145647-929.png" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/03/27/38/0/1007/671/110/73/60/0/a07f7a6_1679921844484-screenshot-2023-03-27t145647-929.png" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/03/31/thought-the-pope-francis-puffer-photo-was-real-here-s-how-not-to-get-fooled-by-ai-next-time_6021336_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Thought the Pope Francis puffer photo was real? Here's how not to get fooled by AI next time</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">AI-generated photos using the software Midjourney are becoming more advanced at deceiving people. It's important to remain cautious, and there are some inconsistencies that make them easy to tell apart.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on March 31, 2023, at 7:00 pm (Paris), updated on April 26, 2023, at 10:03 am</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2021/02/03/0/0/8818/5879/780/520/60/0/4a1a59d_63e20c94ff83499dbe7f1e28e561e8d2-63e20c94ff83499dbe7f1e28e561e8d2-0.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2021/02/03/0/0/8818/5879/110/73/60/0/4a1a59d_63e20c94ff83499dbe7f1e28e561e8d2-63e20c94ff83499dbe7f1e28e561e8d2-0.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2021/02/03/0/0/8818/5879/110/73/60/0/4a1a59d_63e20c94ff83499dbe7f1e28e561e8d2-63e20c94ff83499dbe7f1e28e561e8d2-0.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/03/03/covid-19-origins-why-caution-is-key_6018002_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">In Depth</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Covid-19 origins: Why caution is key</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The FBI said it thinks Covid-19 could have originated from a laboratory leak. But experts are doubtful for the moment.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on March 3, 2023, at 4:30 am (Paris), updated on March 3, 2023, at 12:07 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/02/23/0/0/6000/4000/780/520/60/0/af3384a_18801a71ab0e410bbcc3df9c8b9ef805-0-3fe1fcf2d6d040ed98aefde9b14cd922.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/02/23/0/0/6000/4000/110/73/60/0/af3384a_18801a71ab0e410bbcc3df9c8b9ef805-0-3fe1fcf2d6d040ed98aefde9b14cd922.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/02/23/0/0/6000/4000/110/73/60/0/af3384a_18801a71ab0e410bbcc3df9c8b9ef805-0-3fe1fcf2d6d040ed98aefde9b14cd922.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/03/02/conspiracy-theorists-the-kremlin-echo-each-other-s-disinformation_6017960_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News analysis</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Why conspiracy theorists and the Kremlin echo each other's disinformation</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, Western conspiracy theorists and the Kremlin have each spread similar disinformation online.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on March 2, 2023, at 8:00 pm (Paris), updated on March 2, 2023, at 9:12 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/02/16/0/48/5478/3652/780/520/60/0/88e08a3_1676563614857-l1003405.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/02/16/0/48/5478/3652/110/73/60/0/88e08a3_1676563614857-l1003405.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/02/16/0/48/5478/3652/110/73/60/0/88e08a3_1676563614857-l1003405.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/03/01/french-pension-reform-why-comparing-european-systems-is-hardly-relevant_6017744_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">In Depth</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">French pension reform: Why comparing European systems is hardly relevant</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">French politicians are quick to cite their European neighbors to help prove their point. But pension systems are so complex and different that comparing them is rarely feasible.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on March 1, 2023, at 5:30 am (Paris), updated on March 22, 2023, at 1:45 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/mathilde-damge/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Mathilde Damg茅</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/dorian-jullien/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Dorian Jullien</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/02/14/0/225/3049/2033/780/520/60/0/58ea56a_fw1-usa-china-balloon-commerce-0214-1a.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/02/14/0/225/3049/2033/110/73/60/0/58ea56a_fw1-usa-china-balloon-commerce-0214-1a.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2023/02/14/0/225/3049/2033/110/73/60/0/58ea56a_fw1-usa-china-balloon-commerce-0214-1a.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/02/19/the-chinese-balloon-and-other-spy-devices-an-endless-supply-of-extraterrestrial-fantasies_6016471_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker teaser__kicker--premium">News</span> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Subscribers only </span></span> <h3 class="teaser__title">The Chinese balloon and other spy devices: An endless supply of extraterrestrial fantasies</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">So far in February, the United States has shot down four flying objects, three of which are still unidentified. The UFO hypothesis did not last long, but it did cause a stir.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on February 19, 2023, at 6:33 pm (Paris), updated on February 19, 2023, at 6:33 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/12/29/0/0/4000/2666/780/520/60/0/713a509_1672304482479-000-33632mh.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/12/29/0/0/4000/2666/110/73/60/0/713a509_1672304482479-000-33632mh.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/12/29/0/0/4000/2666/110/73/60/0/713a509_1672304482479-000-33632mh.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/01/18/why-are-women-more-sensitive-to-the-cold-than-men_6012097_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">In Depth</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Why are women more sensitive to the cold than men?</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">We are not all equal when it comes to low temperatures. The discrepancy can be explained by hormonal and mechanical reasons, but also by societal choices, in particular thermal standards that have been designed by men for men.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on January 18, 2023, at 8:47 pm (Paris)</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/romain-geoffroy/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Romain Geoffroy</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/12/16/0/0/4626/3084/780/520/60/0/aedcccd_31690c9312194fb9af749468f159787d-0-882eebddae3844c7a28f3ada577c0024.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/12/16/0/0/4626/3084/110/73/60/0/aedcccd_31690c9312194fb9af749468f159787d-0-882eebddae3844c7a28f3ada577c0024.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/12/16/0/0/4626/3084/110/73/60/0/aedcccd_31690c9312194fb9af749468f159787d-0-882eebddae3844c7a28f3ada577c0024.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2022/12/23/elon-musk-the-savior-of-twitter-s-conspiracy-theorists_6008856_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">News analysis</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Elon Musk, the savior of Twitter's conspiracy theorists</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The new Twitter boss has created an environment where conspiracy theories can be spread throughout Twitter after reinstating the accounts of previously banned users. Conspiracy movements like QAnon are now supporting Musk.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on December 23, 2022, at 3:00 pm (Paris), updated on April 27, 2023, at 1:52 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> <div class="thread"> <section class="teaser teaser--inline-picture "> <figure class="teaser__figure teaser__figure--page"> <picture class="teaser__picture teaser__picture--3-2"> <source data-srcset="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/12/16/0/0/4708/3138/780/520/60/0/3ec05a7_89d9dfe2e33a404aa7bc0993974516e6-0-aa47829b2b544f4e87c019289749ace4.jpg" media="(min-width: 576px)"> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" data-src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/12/16/0/0/4708/3138/110/73/60/0/3ec05a7_89d9dfe2e33a404aa7bc0993974516e6-0-aa47829b2b544f4e87c019289749ace4.jpg" alt=""> <noscript> <img class="teaser__media" width="110" height="74" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2022/12/16/0/0/4708/3138/110/73/60/0/3ec05a7_89d9dfe2e33a404aa7bc0993974516e6-0-aa47829b2b544f4e87c019289749ace4.jpg" alt=""> </noscript> </picture> </figure> <a class="teaser__link" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2022/12/19/conspiracy-theorists-homophobes-neo-nazis-ten-accounts-that-embody-twitter-s-change-under-elon-musk_6008352_8.html"> <span class="teaser__kicker ">In Depth</span> <h3 class="teaser__title">Conspiracy theorists, homophobes, neo-Nazis: Ten accounts that embody Twitter's change under Musk</h3> <p class="teaser__desc">The billionaire unblocked many accounts leaning toward the far right. Millions of users said Musk should step down as head of Twitter on Monday in a poll that he initiated and promised to abide by.</p> </a> <p class="meta__publisher meta--page"> <span class="meta__date">Published on December 19, 2022, at 6:12 pm (Paris), updated on April 27, 2023, at 1:51 pm</span> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/damien-leloup/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">Damien Leloup</span> </a> <a class="article__author-link" href="/en/signataires/william-audureau/"> <span class="meta__author meta__author--page">William Audureau</span> </a> </p> </section> </div> </div> <section class="river__pagination"> <a class="river__pagination river__pagination--page river__pagination--focus" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/signataires/william-audureau/?page=1">1</a> <a class="river__pagination river__pagination--page " href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/signataires/william-audureau/?page=2">2</a> </section> </section> </section> </section> </article> <div 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