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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operational history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-US_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>US service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Postwar service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-P-47_in_Allied_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#P-47_in_Allied_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>P-47 in Allied service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-P-47_in_Allied_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Soviet_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Soviet_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>In Soviet service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Soviet_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_German_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_German_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>In German service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_German_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Chinese/Taiwanese_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Chinese/Taiwanese_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>In Chinese/Taiwanese service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Chinese/Taiwanese_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flying_the_Thunderbolt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flying_the_Thunderbolt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Flying the Thunderbolt</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flying_the_Thunderbolt-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flying the Thunderbolt subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flying_the_Thunderbolt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aerial_warfare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerial_warfare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Aerial warfare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerial_warfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ground_attack_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ground_attack_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ground attack role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ground_attack_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Surviving aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surviving_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(P-47D-40_Thunderbolt)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(P-47D-40_Thunderbolt)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Specifications (P-47D-40 Thunderbolt)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(P-47D-40_Thunderbolt)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Republic P-47 Thunderbolt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87-47_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A9" title="ريببلك بيه-47 الصاعقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريببلك بيه-47 الصاعقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AD_%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="রিপাবলিক পি-৪৭ থান্ডারবোল্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রিপাবলিক পি-৪৭ থান্ডারবোল্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-47_Thunderbolt" title="P-47 Thunderbolt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47" title="Republic P-47 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Republic P-47" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%BE%DB%8C-%DB%B4%DB%B7_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="ریپابلیک پی-۴۷ ثاندربولت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریپابلیک پی-۴۷ ثاندربولت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-47_Thunderbolt" title="P-47 Thunderbolt – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-47_%EC%84%A0%EB%8D%94%EB%B3%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="P-47 선더볼트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="P-47 선더볼트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-47_%D7%AA%27%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98" title="P-47 ת'נדרבולט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="P-47 ת'נדרבולט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-47_Thunderbolt" title="P-47 Thunderbolt – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%E2%80%9347_Thunderbolt" title="P–47 Thunderbolt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="P–47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47" title="Republic P-47 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republic P-47" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE-%E1%81%84%E1%81%87_%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပီ-၄၇ မိုးကြိုးသွား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပီ-၄၇ မိုးကြိုးသွား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-47_Thunderbolt" title="P-47 Thunderbolt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-47_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F)" title="P-47 (航空機) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="P-47 (航空機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-47_Thunderbolt" title="P-47 Thunderbolt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-47_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82" title="P-47 тандерболт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="P-47 тандерболт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5-47_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C" title="รีพับลิค พี-47 ทันเดอร์โบลท์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รีพับลิค พี-47 ทันเดอร์โบลท์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-47%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" title="P-47戰鬥機 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="P-47戰鬥機" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of fighter aircraft</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"P-47" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/P-47_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="P-47 (disambiguation)">P-47 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">P-47 Thunderbolt</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P47_Thunderbolt_-_Chino_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/P47_Thunderbolt_-_Chino_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-P47_Thunderbolt_-_Chino_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/P47_Thunderbolt_-_Chino_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-P47_Thunderbolt_-_Chino_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/P47_Thunderbolt_-_Chino_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-P47_Thunderbolt_-_Chino_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="619" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">Warbird P-47 flying over the <a href="/wiki/Chino,_California" title="Chino, California">Chino</a> Airshow, 2014</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">Fighter-bomber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republic_Aviation" title="Republic Aviation">Republic Aviation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a><div> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a><br /><a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Air_Force" title="Peruvian Air Force">Peruvian Air Force</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Yugoslav Air Force">Yugoslav Air Force</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">15,636</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1941–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">November 1942<sup id="cite_ref-aviation-history_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aviation-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">6 May 1941</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">1966 (Peruvian Air Force)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republic_XP-72" title="Republic XP-72">Republic XP-72</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Republic P-47 Thunderbolt</b> is a World War II-era <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a> produced by the American company <a href="/wiki/Republic_Aviation" title="Republic Aviation">Republic Aviation</a> from 1941 through 1945. It was a successful high-altitude fighter, and it also served as the foremost American <a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">fighter-bomber</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">ground-attack</a> role. Its primary armament was eight <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">.50-caliber machine guns</a>, and it could carry 5-inch rockets or a bomb load of 2,500 lb (1,100 kg). When fully loaded, the P-47 weighed up to 8 tons, making it one of the heaviest fighters of the war. </p><p>The Thunderbolt was effective as a short- to medium-range <a href="/wiki/Escort_fighter" title="Escort fighter">escort fighter</a> in high-<a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">altitude</a> <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">air-to-air combat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ground-attack_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground-attack aircraft">ground attack</a> in both the <a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theater of World War II">European</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a> theaters. The P-47 was designed around the powerful <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2800_Double_Wasp" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp">Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp</a> 18-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">radial engine</a>, which also powered two <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a>/U.S. Marine Corps fighters, the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">Grumman F6F Hellcat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vought_F4U_Corsair" title="Vought F4U Corsair">Vought F4U Corsair</a>. An advanced <a href="/wiki/Turbosupercharger" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbosupercharger">turbosupercharger</a> system ensured the aircraft's eventual dominance at high altitudes, while also influencing its size and design. </p><p>The P-47 was one of the main <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> (USAAF) fighters of World War II. It also served with other <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> air forces, including those of <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Air_Forces" title="Free French Air Forces">France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">United Kingdom</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Union</a>, as well as Allied <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Expeditionary_Air_Force" title="Mexican Expeditionary Air Force">Mexican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Expeditionary_Force" title="Brazilian Expeditionary Force">Brazilian</a> <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">squadrons</a>. </p><p>The armored <a href="/wiki/Cockpit" title="Cockpit">cockpit</a> was relatively roomy and comfortable and the <a href="/wiki/Bubble_canopy" title="Bubble canopy">bubble canopy</a> introduced on the P-47D offered good visibility. Nicknamed the "Jug" owing to its appearance if stood on its nose, the P-47 was noted for its firepower and its ability to resist battle damage and remain airworthy. A present-day U.S. ground-attack aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II" title="Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II">Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II</a>, takes its name from the P-47.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_P-43_Lancer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Republic_P-43_Lancer.jpg/220px-Republic_P-43_Lancer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Republic_P-43_Lancer.jpg/330px-Republic_P-43_Lancer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Republic_P-43_Lancer.jpg/440px-Republic_P-43_Lancer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption>American prewar fighter Republic P-43 Lancer</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XP-47_wind_tunnel_model.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/XP-47_wind_tunnel_model.jpg/220px-XP-47_wind_tunnel_model.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/XP-47_wind_tunnel_model.jpg/330px-XP-47_wind_tunnel_model.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/XP-47_wind_tunnel_model.jpg/440px-XP-47_wind_tunnel_model.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="997" /></a><figcaption>XP-47 model during wind tunnel testing</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P-47_does_night_gunnery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/P-47_does_night_gunnery.jpg/220px-P-47_does_night_gunnery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/P-47_does_night_gunnery.jpg/330px-P-47_does_night_gunnery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/P-47_does_night_gunnery.jpg/440px-P-47_does_night_gunnery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>P-47 firing its <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="M2 Browning machine gun">M2 machine guns</a> during night gunnery</figcaption></figure> <p>The P-47 Thunderbolt was designed by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kartveli" title="Alexander Kartveli">Alexander Kartveli</a>, a man of <a href="/wiki/Georgian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian people">Georgian</a> descent. It was to replace the <a href="/wiki/Seversky_P-35" title="Seversky P-35">Seversky P-35</a> developed earlier by a Russian immigrant named <a href="/wiki/Alexander_P._de_Seversky" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander P. de Seversky">Alexander P. de Seversky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both had fled from their homeland, <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, to escape the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dwyer_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dwyer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1939, <a href="/wiki/Republic_Aviation" title="Republic Aviation">Republic Aviation</a> designed the <b>AP-4</b> demonstrator powered by a <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1830" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1830">Pratt & Whitney R-1830</a> <a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">radial engine</a> with a belly-mounted <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbocharger</a>. A small number of <a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">Republic P-43 Lancers</a> were built, but Republic had been working on an improved <a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer#P-44_Rocket" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">P-44 Rocket</a> with a more powerful engine, as well as on the AP-10 fighter design. The latter was a lightweight aircraft powered by the <a href="/wiki/Allison_V-1710" title="Allison V-1710">Allison V-1710</a> <a href="/wiki/Radiator_(engine_cooling)" title="Radiator (engine cooling)">liquid-cooled</a> <a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V-12</a> engine and armed with two <a href="/wiki/.50_BMG" title=".50 BMG">.50 in (12.7 mm)</a> <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="M2 Browning machine gun">M2 Browning machine guns</a> mounted in the nose and four <a href="/wiki/7.62_mm_caliber" title="7.62 mm caliber">.30 in (7.62 mm)</a> <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">M1919 Browning machine guns</a> mounted in the wings.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">United States Army Air Corps</a> (USAAC) backed the project and gave it the designation <b>XP-47</b>. </p><p>In the spring of 1940, Republic and the USAAC concluded that the XP-44 and the XP-47 were inferior to <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> fighters. Republic tried to improve the design, proposing the XP-47A, but this failed. Kartveli then designed a much larger fighter, which was offered to the USAAC in June 1940, which ordered a prototype in September as the XP-47B. The XP-47A, which had little in common with the new design, was abandoned. The XP-47B was of all-metal construction (except for the fabric-covered tail control surfaces) with <a href="/wiki/Elliptical_wing" title="Elliptical wing">elliptical wings</a>, with a straight leading edge that was slightly swept back. The air-conditioned cockpit was roomy, and the pilot's seat was comfortable—"like a lounge chair", as one pilot later put it. The canopy doors hinged upward. Main and auxiliary <a href="/wiki/Self-sealing_fuel_tank" title="Self-sealing fuel tank">self-sealing fuel tanks</a> were placed under the cockpit, giving a total fuel capacity of 305 US gal (254 imp gal; 1,155 L). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P-47D-40_R_2800_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/P-47D-40_R_2800_side.jpg/220px-P-47D-40_R_2800_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/P-47D-40_R_2800_side.jpg/330px-P-47D-40_R_2800_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/P-47D-40_R_2800_side.jpg/440px-P-47D-40_R_2800_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>A P-47 engine with the cowling removed: Uncompressed air enters through an intake under the engine and is carried to the turbosupercharger behind the pilot via the silver duct at the bottom. The olive-green pipe returns the compressed air to the engine.<sup id="cite_ref-Dwyer_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dwyer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Power came from a <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2800" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2800">Pratt & Whitney R-2800</a> Double Wasp two-row, 18-cylinder radial engine producing 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) — the same engine that powered the prototype <a href="/wiki/Vought_F4U_Corsair#Development" title="Vought F4U Corsair">Vought XF4U-1</a> fighter to just over 400 mph (640 km/h) in October 1940—with the Double Wasp on the XP-47B turning a four-bladed <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Aeroplane_and_Motor_Company" title="Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company">Curtiss Electric</a> <a href="/wiki/Constant-speed_propeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Constant-speed propeller">constant-speed propeller</a> of 146 in (3.7 m) in diameter. The loss of the AP-4 prototype to an engine fire ended Kartveli's experiments with tight-fitting <a href="/wiki/Cowling" title="Cowling">cowlings</a>, so the engine was placed in a broad cowling that opened at the front in a "horse collar"-shaped ellipse. The cowling admitted cooling air for the engine, left and right oil coolers, and the <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbosupercharger</a> <a href="/wiki/Intercooler" title="Intercooler">intercooler</a> system. The engine exhaust gases were routed into a pair of <a href="/wiki/Wastegate" title="Wastegate">wastegate</a>-equipped pipes that ran along each side of the cockpit to drive the turbosupercharger turbine at the bottom of the <a href="/wiki/Fuselage" title="Fuselage">fuselage</a>, about halfway between cockpit and tail. At full power, the pipes glowed red at their forward ends and the <a href="/wiki/Turbine" title="Turbine">turbine</a> spun at 21,300 rpm.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The complicated turbosupercharger system with its ductwork gave the XP-47B a deep fuselage, and the wings had to be mounted in a relatively high position. This was difficult, since long-legged main <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">landing gear</a> struts were needed to provide ground clearance for the enormous propeller. To reduce the size and weight of the undercarriage struts, and so wing-mounted machine guns could be fitted, each strut was fitted with a mechanism by which it telescoped out 9 in (23 cm) while it extended. </p><p>The XP-47B was very heavy compared with contemporary single-engined fighters, with an empty weight of 9,900 lb (4,500 kg), or 65% more than the YP-43. Kartveli said, "It will be a <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaur</a>, but it will be a dinosaur with good proportions".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The armament was eight .50-caliber (12.7 mm) "light-barrel" Browning AN/M2 machine guns, four in each wing. The guns were staggered to allow feeding from side-by-side ammunition boxes, each with 350 rounds. All eight guns gave the fighter a combined <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">rate of fire</a> around 100 rounds per second.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The XP-47B first flew on 6 May 1941 with Lowry P. Brabham at the controls. Although minor problems arose, such as some cockpit smoke that turned out to be due to an oil drip, the aircraft proved impressive in its early trials. It was lost in an accident on 8 August 1942, but before that mishap, the prototype had achieved a level speed of 412 mph (663 km/h) at 25,800 ft (7,900 m) altitude and had demonstrated a climb from sea level to 15,000 ft (4,600 m) in five minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-Green_p.173_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green_p.173-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though the XP-47B had its share of shakedown troubles, the <a href="/wiki/1941_in_aviation#June" title="1941 in aviation">newly reorganized</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> placed an order for 171 production aircraft, the first being delivered in December 1941. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US_service">US service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: US service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P-47b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/P-47b.jpg/220px-P-47b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/P-47b.jpg/330px-P-47b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/P-47b.jpg/440px-P-47b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>P-47B-RE 41-5905 assigned to the 56th FG at Teterboro Airport: Note the windows behind the cockpit and the sliding canopy, an indication that this was an early-production P-47B.</figcaption></figure><p>By the end of 1942, P-47Cs were sent to England for combat operations. The initial Thunderbolt flyers, <a href="/wiki/56th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="56th Fighter Group">56th Fighter Group</a>, were sent overseas to join the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">8th Air Force</a>. As the P-47 Thunderbolt worked up to operational status, it gained a nickname: "Jug" (because its profile was similar to that of a common milk jug of the time).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two fighter groups already stationed in England began introducing the Jugs in January 1943 - the <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfire</a>-flying <a href="/wiki/4th_Fighter_Group" title="4th Fighter Group">4th Fighter Group</a>, a unit built around a core of experienced American pilots who had flown in the RAF <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Squadron">Eagle Squadrons</a> prior to the US entry in the war; and the <a href="/wiki/78th_Fighter_Group" title="78th Fighter Group">78th Fighter Group</a>, formerly flying <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">P-38 Lightnings</a>. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Gabreski_color_photo_in_pilot_suit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Francis_Gabreski_color_photo_in_pilot_suit.jpg/220px-Francis_Gabreski_color_photo_in_pilot_suit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Francis_Gabreski_color_photo_in_pilot_suit.jpg/330px-Francis_Gabreski_color_photo_in_pilot_suit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Francis_Gabreski_color_photo_in_pilot_suit.jpg/440px-Francis_Gabreski_color_photo_in_pilot_suit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3166" /></a><figcaption>P-47 pilot Lt Col <a href="/wiki/Francis_S._Gabreski" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis S. Gabreski">Francis S. "Gabby" Gabreski</a>, <a href="/wiki/56th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="56th Fighter Group">56th Fighter Group</a>, leading ace of the <a href="/wiki/8th_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Air Force">8th Air Force</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in January 1943, Thunderbolt fighters were sent to the joint Army Air Forces – civilian <a href="/wiki/Millville_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Millville Airport">Millville Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Millville,_New_Jersey" title="Millville, New Jersey">Millville, New Jersey</a>, to train civilian and military pilots. </p><p>The first P-47 combat mission took place 10 March 1943 when the 4th FG took their aircraft on a fighter sweep over France. The mission was a failure due to radio malfunctions. All P-47s were refitted with British radios, and missions resumed 8 April. The first P-47 air combat took place 15 April with Major <a href="/wiki/Don_Blakeslee" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Blakeslee">Don Blakeslee</a> of the 4th FG scoring the Thunderbolt's first air victory (against a <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Focke-Wulf Fw 190</a>). </p><p>By mid-1943, the Jug was also in service with the <a href="/wiki/12th_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Air Force">12th Air Force</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and against the Japanese in the Pacific, with the <a href="/wiki/348th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="348th Fighter Group">348th Fighter Group</a> flying missions out of <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a>, New Guinea. By 1944, the Thunderbolt was in combat with the USAAF in all its operational theaters except Alaska. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P-47_gun_harmonization_1945_page_35.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/P-47_gun_harmonization_1945_page_35.jpg/220px-P-47_gun_harmonization_1945_page_35.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/P-47_gun_harmonization_1945_page_35.jpg/330px-P-47_gun_harmonization_1945_page_35.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/P-47_gun_harmonization_1945_page_35.jpg/440px-P-47_gun_harmonization_1945_page_35.jpg 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="1235" /></a><figcaption>One of several <a href="/wiki/Gun_harmonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun harmonization">gun-harmonization</a> schemes used on the P-47: This one converged the eight guns into a point at about 1,100 ft (340 m) out front.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Luftwaffe</i> ace <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%A4r" title="Heinrich Bär">Heinz Bär</a> said that the P-47 "could absorb an astounding amount of lead [from shooting at it] and had to be handled very carefully".<sup id="cite_ref-rymaszewski199407_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rymaszewski199407-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the <a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">North American P-51 Mustang</a> replaced the P-47 in the long-range escort role in Europe, the Thunderbolt still ended the war with an aerial kill ratio of 4.6:1<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in over 746,000 sorties of all types, at the cost of 3,499 P-47s to all causes in combat.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the war, the 56th FG was the only 8th Air Force unit still flying the P-47, by preference, instead of the P-51. The unit claimed 677-1/2 air victories and 311 ground kills, at the cost of 128 aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_S._Gabreski" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis S. Gabreski">Francis S. Gabreski</a> scored 28 victories,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Captain_(OF-2)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (OF-2)">Captain</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Johnson" title="Robert S. Johnson">Robert S. Johnson</a> scored 27 (with one unconfirmed probable kill leading to some giving his tally as 28),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 56th FG Commanding Officer <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Zemke" title="Hubert Zemke">Hubert Zemke</a> scored 17.75 kills.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being the sole remaining P-47 group in the 8th Air Force, the 56th FG remained its top-scoring group in aerial victories throughout the war. </p><p>With increases in fuel capacity as the type was refined, the range of escort missions over Europe steadily increased until the P-47 was able to accompany bombers in raids all the way into Germany. On the way back from the raids, pilots shot up ground targets of opportunity, and also used belly shackles to carry bombs on short-range missions, which led to the realization that the P-47 could perform a dual function on escort missions as a <a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">fighter-bomber</a>. Even with its complicated turbosupercharger system, its sturdy airframe and tough radial engine could absorb significant damage and still return home. </p><p>The P-47 gradually became the USAAF's primary fighter-bomber; by late 1943, early versions of the P-47D carried 500 lb (230 kg) bombs underneath their bellies, midproduction versions of the P-47D could carry 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs and <a href="/wiki/M8_(rocket)" title="M8 (rocket)">M8 4.5 in (115 mm)</a> rockets under their wings or from the last version of the P-47D in 1944, 5 in (130 mm) <a href="/wiki/High_Velocity_Aircraft_Rocket" title="High Velocity Aircraft Rocket">High Velocity Aircraft Rockets</a> (HVARs, also known as "Holy Moses"). From D-Day until VE day, Thunderbolt pilots claimed to have destroyed 86,000 <a href="/wiki/Railroad_car" title="Railroad car">railroad cars</a>, 9,000 <a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">locomotives</a>, 6,000 <a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">armored fighting vehicles</a>, and 68,000 trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-trucks_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trucks-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cobra" title="Operation Cobra">Operation Cobra</a>, in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Roncey" title="Roncey">Roncey</a>, P-47 Thunderbolts of the 405th Fighter group destroyed a German column of 122 tanks, 259 other vehicles, and 11 artillery pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar_service">Postwar service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Postwar service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the end of World War II, orders for 5,934 were cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The P-47 (redesignated to F-47 after 1947) continued serving with the USAAF through 1947, the USAAF <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command">Strategic Air Command</a> from 1946 through 1947, the active-duty <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> (USAF) until 1949, and with the <a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</a> (ANG) until 1953. F-47s served as spotters for rescue aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">OA-10 Catalina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17H</a>. In 1950, F-47 Thunderbolts were used to suppress the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_independence" title="Declaration of independence">declaration of independence</a> in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> by nationalists during the <a href="/wiki/Jayuya_Uprising" title="Jayuya Uprising">Jayuya Uprising</a>. </p><p>The F-47 was not deployed to Korea for the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. The North American F-51 (P-51) Mustang was used by the USAF, mainly in the close air-support role. Since the Mustang was more vulnerable to being shot down, (and many were lost to antiaircraft fire), some World War II P-47 pilots suggested the more durable Thunderbolt should have been sent to Korea in the Mustang's place. The F-51D was available in greater numbers, though, in the USAF and ANG inventories.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to continued postwar service with U.S. military and foreign operators, a number of Thunderbolts have survived to the present day, and a few are still flying. The Cuban Air Force took delivery of 29 ex-USAF airframes and spares. By the late 1950s, the F-47 was considered long obsolete as a fighter, but was well suited for <a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-insurgency">counter-insurgency</a> tasks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="P-47_in_Allied_service">P-47 in Allied service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: P-47 in Allied service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_P-_47D_Thunderbolt_ExCC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Republic_P-_47D_Thunderbolt_ExCC.jpg/220px-Republic_P-_47D_Thunderbolt_ExCC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Republic_P-_47D_Thunderbolt_ExCC.jpg/330px-Republic_P-_47D_Thunderbolt_ExCC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Republic_P-_47D_Thunderbolt_ExCC.jpg/440px-Republic_P-_47D_Thunderbolt_ExCC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> Republic Thunderbolt Mark I</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avimage18a_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Avimage18a_large.jpg/220px-Avimage18a_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Avimage18a_large.jpg/330px-Avimage18a_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Avimage18a_large.jpg/440px-Avimage18a_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>Lt. Jorge Paranhos Taborda, Brazilian P-47 pilot during World War II</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GAC_P-47s_of_Brazil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/GAC_P-47s_of_Brazil.jpg/220px-GAC_P-47s_of_Brazil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/GAC_P-47s_of_Brazil.jpg/330px-GAC_P-47s_of_Brazil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/GAC_P-47s_of_Brazil.jpg/440px-GAC_P-47s_of_Brazil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption>Brazilian P-47s in World War II carried the <i>Senta a Pua!</i> squadron badge, along with the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force#mediaviewer/File:Brazilian_Air_Force_WW2_roundel.svg" title="Brazilian Air Force">national insignia of Brazil</a> painted over the USAAF's <a href="/wiki/United_States_military_aircraft_national_insignia#American_entry_into_World_War_II" title="United States military aircraft national insignia"> star and bar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P-47D_Thunderbolt_01097628_058_USAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/P-47D_Thunderbolt_01097628_058_USAF.jpg/220px-P-47D_Thunderbolt_01097628_058_USAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/P-47D_Thunderbolt_01097628_058_USAF.jpg/330px-P-47D_Thunderbolt_01097628_058_USAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/P-47D_Thunderbolt_01097628_058_USAF.jpg/440px-P-47D_Thunderbolt_01097628_058_USAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>P-47D "Kathie" with a 75 US gal (62 imp gal; 284 L) drop tank buzzed the airfield at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bodney" title="RAF Bodney">Bodney</a>, England.</figcaption></figure> <p>P-47s were operated by several Allied air arms during World War II. The RAF received 240 razorback P-47Ds, which they designated Thunderbolt Mark I, and 590 bubbletop P-47D-25s, designated Thunderbolt Mark IIs. With no need for another high-altitude fighter, the RAF adapted their Thunderbolts for ground attack, a task for which the type was well suited. Once the Thunderbolts were cleared for use in 1944, they were used against the Japanese in <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> by 16 RAF squadrons of the <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Command" title="South East Asia Command">South East Asia Command</a> from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Operations with army support (operating as "<a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">cab ranks</a>" to be called in when needed), attacks on enemy airfields and lines of communication, and escort sorties. They proved devastating in tandem with Spitfires during the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sittang_Bend" title="Battle of the Sittang Bend">breakout attempt at the Sittang Bend</a> in the final months of the war. The Thunderbolts were armed with three 500 lb (230 kg) bombs or, in some cases, British "60 lb (27 kg)" <a href="/wiki/RP-3" title="RP-3">RP-3</a> rocket projectiles. Long-range fuel tanks<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gave five hours of endurance. Thunderbolts flew escort for RAF Liberators in the bombing of Rangoon. Thunderbolts remained in RAF service until October 1946. Postwar RAF Thunderbolts were used in support of the Dutch attempts to reassert control of <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a>. Those squadrons not disbanded outright after the war re-equipped with British-built aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Tempest" title="Hawker Tempest">Hawker Tempest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign (World War II)">Italian campaign</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1st_Fighter_Aviation_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Fighter Aviation Group">"1º Grupo de Caça da Força Aérea Brasileira" (Brazilian Air Force 1st Fighter Squadron)</a> flew a total of 48 P-47Ds in combat (of a total of 67 received, 19 of which were backup aircraft). This unit flew a total of 445 missions from November 1944 to May 1945 over northern Italy and Central Europe, with 15 P-47s lost to German <a href="/wiki/Flak" class="mw-redirect" title="Flak">flak</a> and five pilots being killed in action.<sup id="cite_ref-Dias_de_Cunha_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dias_de_Cunha-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1980s, this unit was awarded the "<a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)" title="Presidential Unit Citation (United States)">Presidential Unit Citation</a>" by the American government in recognition for its achievements in World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From March 1945 to the end of the war in the Pacific—as Mexico had declared war on the Axis on May 22, 1942—the Mexican <a href="/wiki/Aztec_Eagles" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec Eagles">Escuadrón Aéreo de Pelea 201</a> (<a href="/wiki/Escuadr%C3%B3n_201" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuadrón 201">201st Fighter Squadron</a>) operated P-47Ds as part of the U.S. 5th Air Force in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. In 791 sorties against Japanese forces, the 201st lost no pilots or aircraft to enemy action.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Free_French_Air_Forces" title="Free French Air Forces">Free French Air Forces</a> received 446 P-47Ds from 1943. These aircraft saw extensive action in France and Germany and again in the 1950s during the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Algerian War of Independence">Algerian War of Independence</a>. </p><p>After World War II, the Italian Air Force (AMI) received 75 P-47D-25s sent to 5˚ <i>Stormo</i>, and 99 to the 51˚. These machines were delivered between 1947 and 1950. However, they were not well liked, as the Italian pilots were used to much lighter aircraft and found the controls too heavy. Nevertheless, the stability, payload, and high speed were appreciated. Most importantly, the P-47 served as an excellent transition platform to heavier jet fighters, including the <a href="/wiki/F-84_Thunderjet" class="mw-redirect" title="F-84 Thunderjet">F-84 Thunderjet</a>, starting in 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The type was provided to many Latin American air forces, some of which operated it into the 1960s. Small numbers of P-47s were also provided to China, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Soviet_service">In Soviet service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In Soviet service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In mid-1943, the Soviet high command showed an interest in the P-47B. Three P-47D-10-REs were ferried to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Forces</a> (VVS) via Alaska in March 1944. Two of them were tested in April–May 1944. Test pilot Aleksey N. Grinchik noted the spacious cockpit with good ventilation and a good all-around view. He found it easy to fly and stable upon take-off and landing, but it showed excessive rolling stability and poor directional stability. Soviet engineers disassembled the third aircraft to examine its construction. They appreciated the high production standards and rational design well-suited to mass production, and the high reliability of the hard-hitting Browning machine guns. With its high service ceiling, the P-47 was superior to fighters operating on the Eastern front, yielding a higher speed above 30,000 feet (9,100 m). The <a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-9" title="Yakovlev Yak-9">Yakovlev Yak-9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-5" title="Lavochkin La-5">Lavochkin La-5</a>FN, <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Messerschmitt Bf 109</a>G, and <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Focke-Wulf Fw 190</a>A outperformed the early model P-47 at low and medium altitude, where the P-47 had poor acceleration and performed aerobatics rather reluctantly. </p><p>In mid-1944, 200 P-47D-22-REs and P-47D-27-REs<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were ferried to the USSR via Iraq and Iran. Many were sent to training units. Less than half reached operational units, and they were rarely used in combat.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_449_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_449-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fighters were assigned to high-altitude air defense over major cities in rear areas. </p><p>Unlike their Western counterparts, the VVS made little use of the P-47 as a ground-attack aircraft, depending, instead, on their own widely produced—with 36,183 examples built during the war—special-purpose, armored <a href="/wiki/Ground-attack_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground-attack aircraft">ground-attack aircraft</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-2" title="Ilyushin Il-2">Ilyushin Il-2</a>. At the end of the war, Soviet units held 188 P-47s.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_449_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_449-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_German_service">In German service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In German service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Luftwaffe</i> operated at least one captured P-47. In poor weather on 7 November 1943, while flying a P-47D-2-RA on a bomber escort mission, 2nd Lt. <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Roach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William E. Roach (page does not exist)">William E. Roach</a> of <a href="/wiki/358th_Fighter_Squadron" title="358th Fighter Squadron">358th Fighter Squadron</a>, <a href="/wiki/355th_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="355th Fighter Wing">355th Fighter Group</a> made an emergency landing on a German airfield. Roach was imprisoned at <a href="/wiki/Stalag_Luft_I" title="Stalag Luft I">Stalag Luft I</a>. The Thunderbolt was given German markings.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Chinese/Taiwanese_service"><span id="In_Chinese.2FTaiwanese_service"></span>In Chinese/Taiwanese service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In Chinese/Taiwanese service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After World War II, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Nationalist">Chinese Nationalist</a> Air Force received 102 P-47Ds used during the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Communist">Chinese Communists</a> captured five P-47Ds from the Chinese Nationalist forces. In 1948, the Chinese Nationalists employed 70 P-47Ds and 42 P-47Ns brought to <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> in 1952. P-47s were used extensively in aerial clashes over the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a> between Nationalist and Communist aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flying_the_Thunderbolt">Flying the Thunderbolt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Flying the Thunderbolt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aerial_warfare">Aerial warfare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aerial warfare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P-47-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/P-47-2.jpg/220px-P-47-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/P-47-2.jpg/330px-P-47-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/P-47-2.jpg/440px-P-47-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3202" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>USAAF P-47D "Razorback" configuration</figcaption></figure> <p>Initial response to the P-47 praised its dive speed and high-altitude performance, while criticizing its turning performance and rate of climb (particularly at low to medium altitudes). The turbosupercharger in the P-47 gave the powerplant its maximum power at 27,000 ft (8,200 m), and in the thin air above 30,000 ft (9,100 m), the Thunderbolt remained fast and nimble compared to other aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The P-47 first saw action with the 4th Fighter Group, whose pilots were mainly drawn from the three British <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Squadrons" title="Eagle Squadrons">Eagle Squadrons</a>, who had previously flown the British Spitfire Mark V, a much smaller and much more slender aircraft. At first, they viewed their new fighter with misgivings. It was huge; the British pilots joked that a Thunderbolt pilot could defend himself from a <i>Luftwaffe</i> fighter by running around and hiding in the fuselage. Optimized for high-altitude work, the Thunderbolt had 5 feet (1.5 m) more wingspan, a quarter more wing area, about four times the fuselage volume, and nearly twice the weight of a Spitfire V.<sup id="cite_ref-Spick_96_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spick_96-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caldwell_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caldwell-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One Thunderbolt pilot compared it to flying a bathtub around the sky. When his unit (4th Fighter Group) was equipped with Thunderbolts, ace Don Blakeslee said, referring to the P-47's vaunted ability to dive on its prey, "It ought to be able to dive. It certainly can't climb."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Blakeslee's early-model P-47C had not been fitted with the new paddle blade propeller). The 4th Fighter Group's commander hated the P-47, and his prejudices filtered down to the group's pilots; the 4th had the fewest kills of any of the first three P-47 squadrons in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Caldwell_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caldwell-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> U.S. ace <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Goodson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Goodson (page does not exist)">Jim Goodson</a>, who had flown Spitfires with the RAF and flew a P-47 in 1943, at first shared the skepticism of other pilots for their "seven-ton milk bottles", but Goodson learned to appreciate the P-47's potential: </p><blockquote><p>There were many U.S. pilots who preferred the P-47 to anything else; they do not agree that the (Fw) 190 held an overall edge against it.<sup id="cite_ref-Sims_160-161_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sims_160-161-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thunderbolt_II_30_Sqn_RAF_at_Jumchar_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Thunderbolt_II_30_Sqn_RAF_at_Jumchar_1945.jpg/220px-Thunderbolt_II_30_Sqn_RAF_at_Jumchar_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Thunderbolt_II_30_Sqn_RAF_at_Jumchar_1945.jpg/330px-Thunderbolt_II_30_Sqn_RAF_at_Jumchar_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Thunderbolt_II_30_Sqn_RAF_at_Jumchar_1945.jpg/440px-Thunderbolt_II_30_Sqn_RAF_at_Jumchar_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>RAF Thunderbolt Mk.II readying for a sortie over Burma. January 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>The P-47's initial success in combat was primarily due to tactics, using rolls (the P-47 had an excellent roll rate) and energy-saving dive and zoom climbs from high altitude to outmaneuver German fighters. Both the Bf 109 and Fw 190 could, like the Spitfire, out-turn and out-climb the early model P-47s at low to medium altitudes, since these early P-47s had mediocre climb performance due to the lack of paddle-blade propellers.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arrival of the new Curtiss paddle-blade propeller in early 1944 significantly increased climb rate at lower altitudes and came as a surprise to German pilots, who had resorted to steep climbs to evade pursuit by the P-47.<sup id="cite_ref-Caldwell_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caldwell-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some P-47 pilots claimed to have broken the <a href="/wiki/Sound_barrier" title="Sound barrier">sound barrier</a> in steep dives, but later research revealed that because of the pressure buildup inside the <a href="/wiki/Pitot_tube" title="Pitot tube">pitot tube</a> at high speeds, airspeed readings became unpredictably exaggerated. As P-47s were able to out-dive enemy fighter planes attempting to escape by such a maneuver, German pilots gradually learned to avoid diving away from a P-47. <a href="/wiki/Kurt_B%C3%BChligen" title="Kurt Bühligen">Kurt Bühligen</a>, a high-scoring German fighter ace with 112 victories, recalled: </p> <blockquote><p>The P-47 was very heavy, too heavy for some maneuvers. We would see it coming from behind, and pull up fast, and the P-47 couldn't follow and we came around and got on its tail in this way.<sup id="cite_ref-Sims_134-135_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sims_134-135-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Other positive attributes included the P-47's ruggedness; its radial piston engine had a high tolerance for damage compared to liquid-cooled engines, while its large size meant it could sustain a large amount of damage and still be able to get its pilot back to base.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With eight .50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns, the P-47 carried more firepower than other single-engined American fighters. P-47 pilots claimed 20 <i>Luftwaffe</i> <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_262" title="Messerschmitt Me 262">Messerschmitt Me 262</a> jet fighters and four <a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_234" class="mw-redirect" title="Arado Ar 234">Arado Ar 234</a> jet bombers in aerial combat. </p><p>In the Pacific, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Neel_E._Kearby" title="Neel E. Kearby">Neel E. Kearby</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth Air Force</a> claimed 22 Japanese aircraft and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> for an action in which he downed six enemy fighters on a single mission. He was shot down and killed over <a href="/wiki/Wewak" title="Wewak">Wewak</a> in March 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ground_attack_role">Ground attack role</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ground attack role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_P-47D-40-RE_in_flight_firing_rockets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Republic_P-47D-40-RE_in_flight_firing_rockets.jpg/220px-Republic_P-47D-40-RE_in_flight_firing_rockets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Republic_P-47D-40-RE_in_flight_firing_rockets.jpg/330px-Republic_P-47D-40-RE_in_flight_firing_rockets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Republic_P-47D-40-RE_in_flight_firing_rockets.jpg/440px-Republic_P-47D-40-RE_in_flight_firing_rockets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="349" /></a><figcaption>Republic P-47D-40-RE 44–90386 in flight firing rockets</figcaption></figure> <p>The P-47 proved to be a formidable fighter-bomber due to its good armament, heavy bomb load, and ability to survive enemy fire. The P-47's survivability was due in part to its radial piston engine, which unlike comparable liquid-cooled engines, had a high tolerance for damage.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Thunderbolt's eight .50 in (12.7 mm) machine guns were capable against lightly armored targets, although less so than cannon-armed aircraft of the day. In a ground-attack role, the <a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing_shot_and_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor-piercing shot and shell">armor-piercing</a>, armor-piercing incendiary, and armor-piercing incendiary tracer ammunition proved useful in penetrating thin-skinned and lightly armored German vehicles and causing their fuel tanks to explode, as well as occasionally damaging some types of enemy armored fighting vehicles (AFVs).<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_p._432_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes_p._432-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>P-47 pilots frequently carried two 500 lb (230 kg) bombs, using <a href="/wiki/Skip_bombing" title="Skip bombing">skip bombing</a> techniques for difficult targets (skipping bombs into railroad tunnels to destroy hidden enemy trains was a favorite tactic).<sup id="cite_ref-Achtung_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Achtung-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The adoption of the triple-tube M10 rocket launcher<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with M8 high-explosive 4.5 in (110 mm) rockets (each with an explosive force similar to a <a href="/wiki/M101_howitzer" title="M101 howitzer">105 mm artillery</a> shell)—much as the RAF's <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Hawker Typhoon</a> gained when first fitted with its own two quartets of underwing RP-3 rockets for the same purposes—significantly increased the P-47's ground attack capability.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Late in the war, the P-47 was retrofitted with more powerful 5 in (130 mm) <a href="/wiki/High_Velocity_Aircraft_Rocket" title="High Velocity Aircraft Rocket">HVAR rockets</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P47_Escuadron_201_mexico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/P47_Escuadron_201_mexico.jpg/220px-P47_Escuadron_201_mexico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/P47_Escuadron_201_mexico.jpg/330px-P47_Escuadron_201_mexico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/P47_Escuadron_201_mexico.jpg/440px-P47_Escuadron_201_mexico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption>A Mexican P-47D Thunderbolt over the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ThunderboltP47.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/ThunderboltP47.jpg/220px-ThunderboltP47.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/ThunderboltP47.jpg/330px-ThunderboltP47.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/ThunderboltP47.jpg/440px-ThunderboltP47.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption>A French Armée de l'air Republic P-47D Thunderbolt of Escadron de Chasse 3/3 "Ardennes"</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_P-47_Thunderbolts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Two_P-47_Thunderbolts.jpg/220px-Two_P-47_Thunderbolts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Two_P-47_Thunderbolts.jpg/330px-Two_P-47_Thunderbolts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Two_P-47_Thunderbolts.jpg/440px-Two_P-47_Thunderbolts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>Two P-47 Thunderbolts of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Iranian_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Iranian Air Force">Imperial Iranian Air Force</a> over <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Air_Force" title="Bolivian Air Force">Bolivian Air Force</a> - acquired a single P-47D in 1949, but the aircraft was never flown by the Bolivian Air Force and was used as an instructional airframe.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Expeditionary_Force" title="Brazilian Expeditionary Force">Brazilian Expeditionary Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force" title="Brazilian Air Force">Brazilian Air Force</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>85 units 1st Brazilian Fighter Group, 1944–1954</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Air_Force" title="Chilean Air Force">Chilean Air Force</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a></span></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force" title="Republic of China Air Force">Republic of China Air Force</a><sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p162_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p162-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Air_Force" title="Colombian Air Force">Colombian Air Force</a> (1947–1957)<sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p162_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p162-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Air Force">Cuban Air Force</a> (post-war)<sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p162_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p162-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Air_Force" title="Dominican Air Force">Dominican Air Force</a> (1952–1957)<sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p163_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p163-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Air_Force" title="Ecuadorian Air Force">Ecuadorian Air Force</a> (1947–1959)<sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p163_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p163-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French Air Force">Free French Air Force</a><sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p163_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p163-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a><sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p163_65-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p163-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></span></b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> – used some captured specimens<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg/23px-State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg/35px-State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg/46px-State_flag_of_Iran_%281933%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Iranian_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Iranian Air Force">Imperial Iranian Air Force</a> – 50 delivered 1948<sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p163_65-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p163-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force" title="Italian Air Force">Italian Air Force</a> – 100 received 1950<sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p164_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p164-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Air_Force#World_War_II" title="Mexican Air Force">Mexican Expeditionary Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escuadr%C3%B3n_201" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuadrón 201"><i>Escuadrón</i> 201</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Air_Force" title="Nicaraguan Air Force">Fuerza Aerea de Nicaragua</a> (provided by the CIA post 1954 action in Guatemala)<sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p164_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p164-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Air_Force" title="Peruvian Air Force">Peruvian Air Force</a> (56 aircraft, July 1947 – 1963)<sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p164_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p164-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Air_Force" title="Portuguese Air Force">Portuguese Air Force</a> (post-war)<sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p165_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p165-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Air Force">Soviet Air Force</a><sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p165_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p165-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Turkish Air Force</a> – operated 180 P-47Ds from 1948 and 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p165_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p165-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Air Force">Venezuelan Air Force</a><sup id="cite_ref-iapr7_p165_69-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iapr7_p165-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SFR_Yugoslav_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="SFR Yugoslav Air Force">Yugoslav Air Force</a> (150 aircraft, 1952)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P47_D_normandie_niemen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="P-47D French Algeria 1952"><img alt="P-47D French Algeria 1952" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/P47_D_normandie_niemen.jpg/309px-P47_D_normandie_niemen.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/P47_D_normandie_niemen.jpg/463px-P47_D_normandie_niemen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/P47_D_normandie_niemen.jpg/617px-P47_D_normandie_niemen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="817" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">P-47D French Algeria 1952</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P47D_460th_FS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="P-47D 460th Fighter squadron Philippines 1944"><img alt="P-47D 460th Fighter squadron Philippines 1944" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/P47D_460th_FS.jpg/309px-P47D_460th_FS.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/P47D_460th_FS.jpg/463px-P47D_460th_FS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/P47D_460th_FS.jpg/617px-P47D_460th_FS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="817" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">P-47D 460th Fighter squadron Philippines 1944</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P47D_509th_Fighter_Squadron_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="P-47D 509th Fighter squadron England 1944"><img alt="P-47D 509th Fighter squadron England 1944" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/P47D_509th_Fighter_Squadron_1944.jpg/309px-P47D_509th_Fighter_Squadron_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/P47D_509th_Fighter_Squadron_1944.jpg/463px-P47D_509th_Fighter_Squadron_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/P47D_509th_Fighter_Squadron_1944.jpg/617px-P47D_509th_Fighter_Squadron_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="817" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">P-47D 509th Fighter squadron England 1944</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P47D_334th_Fighter_squadron_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="P-47D 334th Fighter Squadron England 1944"><img alt="P-47D 334th Fighter Squadron England 1944" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/P47D_334th_Fighter_squadron_1944.jpg/309px-P47D_334th_Fighter_squadron_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/P47D_334th_Fighter_squadron_1944.jpg/463px-P47D_334th_Fighter_squadron_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/P47D_334th_Fighter_squadron_1944.jpg/617px-P47D_334th_Fighter_squadron_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="817" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">P-47D 334th Fighter Squadron England 1944</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P47D_ardennes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="P-47D Groupe de chasse III/3 Ardennes 1944"><img alt="P-47D Groupe de chasse III/3 Ardennes 1944" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/P47D_ardennes.jpg/309px-P47D_ardennes.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/P47D_ardennes.jpg/463px-P47D_ardennes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/P47D_ardennes.jpg/617px-P47D_ardennes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="817" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">P-47D Groupe de chasse III/3 Ardennes 1944</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt_variants" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt variants">Republic P-47 Thunderbolt variants</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surviving_aircraft">Surviving aircraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Surviving aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Republic_P-47_Thunderbolts" title="List of surviving Republic P-47 Thunderbolts">List of surviving Republic P-47 Thunderbolts</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(P-47D-40_Thunderbolt)"><span id="Specifications_.28P-47D-40_Thunderbolt.29"></span>Specifications (P-47D-40 Thunderbolt)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Specifications (P-47D-40 Thunderbolt)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:492px;max-width:492px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:296px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_P-47B_Thunderbolt_3-view.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="3-view line drawing of the Republic P-47B Thunderbolt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Republic_P-47B_Thunderbolt_3-view.svg/270px-Republic_P-47B_Thunderbolt_3-view.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Republic_P-47B_Thunderbolt_3-view.svg/405px-Republic_P-47B_Thunderbolt_3-view.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Republic_P-47B_Thunderbolt_3-view.svg/540px-Republic_P-47B_Thunderbolt_3-view.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="1176" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">3-view line drawing of the Republic P-47B Thunderbolt</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:216px;max-width:216px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:296px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_P-47N_Thunderbolt_3-view_line_drawing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="3-view line drawing of the Republic P-47N Thunderbolt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Republic_P-47N_Thunderbolt_3-view_line_drawing.png/214px-Republic_P-47N_Thunderbolt_3-view_line_drawing.png" decoding="async" width="214" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Republic_P-47N_Thunderbolt_3-view_line_drawing.png/321px-Republic_P-47N_Thunderbolt_3-view_line_drawing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Republic_P-47N_Thunderbolt_3-view_line_drawing.png/428px-Republic_P-47N_Thunderbolt_3-view_line_drawing.png 2x" data-file-width="1603" data-file-height="2225" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">3-view line drawing of the Republic P-47N Thunderbolt</div></div></div></div></div> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> <sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 1</li> <li><b>Length:</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>36 ft <span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in (11.02 m)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">40 ft <span class="frac">9<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in (12.43 m)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">14 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in (4.472 m)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 300 sq ft (28 m<sup>2</sup>) <sup id="cite_ref-Claringbould_p23_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claringbould_p23-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>:</b> Seversky S-3<sup id="cite_ref-Selig_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selig-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 10,000 lb (4,536 kg)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 13,230 lb (6,001 kg)</li> <li><b>Max takeoff weight:</b> 17,500 lb (7,938 kg)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 1 × <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2800" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney R-2800">Pratt & Whitney R-2800-59</a> 18-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 2,000 hp (1,500 kW)</li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 4-bladed <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtiss Electric">Curtiss Electric</a> C542S constant-speed propeller, 13 ft 0 in (3.96 m) diameter</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 426 mph (686 km/h, 370 kn) at 30,000 ft (9,100 m)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 1,030 mi (1,660 km, 900 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 42,000 ft (13,000 m)</li> <li><b>Wing loading:</b> 44 lb/sq ft (210 kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li>8 × .50 in (12.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="M2 Browning machine gun">M2 Browning machine guns</a> with 425 rounds per gun (3400 rounds total)</li> <li>Up to 2,500 lb (1,100 kg) of bombs</li> <li>10 × 5 in (127 mm) <a href="/wiki/High_Velocity_Aircraft_Rocket" title="High Velocity Aircraft Rocket">HVAR unguided rockets</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_in_fiction#P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Aircraft in fiction">Aircraft in fiction § P-47 Thunderbolt</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P-47_Thunderbolt_42-25068_2012_(7977124689).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/P-47_Thunderbolt_42-25068_2012_%287977124689%29.jpg/220px-P-47_Thunderbolt_42-25068_2012_%287977124689%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/P-47_Thunderbolt_42-25068_2012_%287977124689%29.jpg/330px-P-47_Thunderbolt_42-25068_2012_%287977124689%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/P-47_Thunderbolt_42-25068_2012_%287977124689%29.jpg/440px-P-47_Thunderbolt_42-25068_2012_%287977124689%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>P-47 Thunderbolt 42-25068 at <a href="/wiki/Duxford_Air_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Duxford Air Show">Duxford Air Show</a>, 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>Broadcast radio interviews of several wartime P-47 pilots appear on the CD audiobook <i>USAAF at War 1942–45</i>, including an account by Lieutenant J. K. Dowling of ground support operations around Cherbourg in June 1944, and a group of four pilots from the 362nd Fighter Wing (Ninth Air Force) in conversation at their mess in Rouvres, France on 24 December 1944 during the Battle of the Bulge.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Laughter and Tears</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Captain George Rarey, a posthumous publication of letters and sketches from a pilot in the 379th Air group flying P-47s based in England. </p><p>The Czech composer <a href="/wiki/Bohuslav_Martin%C5%AF" title="Bohuslav Martinů">Bohuslav Martinů</a>, while in residence in the US wrote an orchestral <a href="/wiki/Scherzo" title="Scherzo">scherzo</a> in 1945 entitled <i>P-47 Thunderbolt</i> (H 309) in tribute to the aircraft and its role in World War II. </p><p>Other media include <i>Thunderbolt</i>, a 1947 color <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Sturges" title="John Sturges">John Sturges</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a>, featuring <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bridges" title="Lloyd Bridges">Lloyd Bridges</a> and narrated by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowery_(actor)" title="Robert Lowery (actor)">Robert Lowery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film <i><a href="/wiki/Fighter_Squadron" title="Fighter Squadron">Fighter Squadron</a></i> (1948) depicts a P-47 Thunderbolt unit.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Thunderbolts: The Conquest of the Reich", a 2001 television documentary presented by the <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">History Channel</a>. Director Lawrence Bond depicted the last months of World War II over Germany as told by four P-47 pilots of the 362nd Fighter Group using original, all color 1945 footage. The P-47 Thunderbolt was the subject of an episode of the <i>World's Deadliest Aircraft</i> series broadcast by the <a href="/wiki/Military_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Channel">Military Channel</a>. </p><p>Lieutenant Colonel Robert Samuel Johnson collaborated with aviation author Martin Caidin to write his autobiographical story of the 56th Fighter Group, <i>Thunderbolt!,</i> in 1958. Johnson scored 27 kills in the P-47 while flying with the 56th Fighter Group. </p><p>In 2015, it was named the state aircraft of Indiana due to its Evansville roots.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the namesake of the <a href="/wiki/Evansville_Thunderbolts" title="Evansville Thunderbolts">Evansville Thunderbolts</a> minor league hockey team. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-10_Thunderbolt_II" class="mw-redirect" title="A-10 Thunderbolt II">A-10 Thunderbolt II</a></li></ul> <p><b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_SEV-3" title="Seversky SEV-3">Seversky SEV-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_P-35" title="Seversky P-35">Seversky P-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic P-43">Republic P-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XP-72" title="Republic XP-72">Republic XP-72</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">Grumman F6F Hellcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_F4U_Corsair" title="Vought F4U Corsair">Vought F4U Corsair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Focke-Wulf Fw 190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Typhoon" title="Hawker Typhoon">Hawker Typhoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Tempest" title="Hawker Tempest">Hawker Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A7M" title="Mitsubishi A7M">Mitsubishi A7M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">North American P-51 Mustang</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of World War II">List of aircraft of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of military aircraft of the United States">List of military aircraft of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fighter_aircraft" title="List of fighter aircraft">List of fighter aircraft</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fairchild Republic was the most recent incarnation of the original <a href="/wiki/Republic_Aviation" title="Republic Aviation">Republic</a> aerospace company, now considered defunct.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The P-47 can trace its lineage back to earlier Seversky designs: <a href="/wiki/Seversky_P-35" title="Seversky P-35">P-35</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seversky_XP-41" title="Seversky XP-41">XP-41</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">P-43</a>, and the unbuilt <a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">P-44</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">After a change in the board of directors, Alexander P. de Seversky was removed from the newly reorganized Republic Aviation company, with former Managing Director Wallace Kellett taking over as CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historians argue that the nickname "Jug" was short for "Juggernaut" when aviators began using the longer word as an alternate nickname.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another nickname that was used for the Thunderbolt was "T-bolt".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zemke flew a P-38 for three of his kills.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_C._Aanenson" title="Quentin C. Aanenson">Quentin C. Aanenson</a> documented his experiences flying the Thunderbolt on <a href="/wiki/D-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Day">D-Day</a> and subsequently in the <a href="/wiki/European_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theater">European Theater</a> in his documentary, <i>A Fighter Pilot's Story</i> (also released as <i>Dogfight</i>.).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-aviation-history-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aviation-history_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviation-history.com/republic/p47.htm">"Republic P-47 Thunderbolt"</a>. <i>aviation-history</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aviation-history&rft.atitle=Republic+P-47+Thunderbolt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aviation-history.com%2Frepublic%2Fp47.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rummerman, Judy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/Fairchild/Aero25.htm">"Fairchild Republic."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111014112313/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/Fairchild/Aero25.htm">Archived</a> 2011-10-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Centennial of Flight Commission,</i> 2003. Retrieved: 7 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorr and Donald 1990, pp. 84–85, 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dwyer-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dwyer_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dwyer_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dwyer, Larry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviation-history.com/republic/p47.html">"Republic P-47 Thunderbolt."</a> Aviation History Online Museum, 11 November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acepilots.com/wwi/pio_seversky.html">"Alexander de Seversky, Russian Ace of World War One, Aircraft Designer & Founder of Republic Aviation."</a> <i>acepilots.com</i>, 2003. Retrieved: 16 May 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_fighters/p47_1.html">"Republic XP-47B Thunderbolt"</a>. <i>www.joebaugher.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.joebaugher.com&rft.atitle=Republic+XP-47B+Thunderbolt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joebaugher.com%2Fusaf_fighters%2Fp47_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rwebs.net/avhistory/opsman/geturbo/geturbo.htm">"The Turbosupercharger and the Airplane Power Plant."</a> General Electric, January, 1943.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topfighters.com/fighterplanes/p47/lancer.html">"P-47 Thunderbolt".</a> TopFighters.com. Retrieved: 12 July 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Masefield, Peter. "First Analysis of the Thunderbolt." <i><a href="/wiki/Flying_(magazine)" title="Flying (magazine)">Flying</a></i>, August 1943, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green_p.173-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Green_p.173_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green 1961, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graff 2007, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Air Force Association 1998, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2012" class="citation book cs1">Bernstein, Jonathan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T-K6CwAAQBAJ&q=Republic+P-47+Thunderbolt&pg=PA2">"1"</a>. <i>P-47 Thunderbolt Units of the Twelfth Air Force</i>. <a href="/wiki/Botley,_Oxfordshire" title="Botley, Oxfordshire">Botley, Oxfordshire</a>: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849086721" title="Special:BookSources/9781849086721"><bdi>9781849086721</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1&rft.btitle=P-47+Thunderbolt+Units+of+the+Twelfth+Air+Force&rft.place=Botley%2C+Oxfordshire&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781849086721&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT-K6CwAAQBAJ%26q%3DRepublic%2BP-47%2BThunderbolt%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rymaszewski199407-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rymaszewski199407_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRymaszewski1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Rymaszewski, Michael (July 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1994&pub=2&id=120">"Playing Your Aces"</a>. <i>Computer Gaming World</i>. pp. 101–105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Gaming+World&rft.atitle=Playing+Your+Aces&rft.pages=101-105&rft.date=1994-07&rft.aulast=Rymaszewski&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgwmuseum.org%2Fgalleries%2Findex.php%3Fyear%3D1994%26pub%3D2%26id%3D120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.edu/object/republic-p-47d-30-ra-thunderbolt%3Anasm_A19600306000#:~:text=Thunderbolts%20were%20lost%20at%20the,air%2Dto%2Dair%20combat.">"Republic P-47D-30-RA Thunderbolt"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Republic+P-47D-30-RA+Thunderbolt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.edu%2Fobject%2Frepublic-p-47d-30-ra-thunderbolt%253Anasm_A19600306000%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThunderbolts%2520were%2520lost%2520at%2520the%2Cair%252Dto%252Dair%2520combat.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumofflight.org/Collection/Aircraft.asp?RecordKey=0D778AE9-8768-421A-A133-68393123B13A">"Republic P-47D Thunderbolt".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070324052854/http://www.museumofflight.org/Collection/Aircraft.asp?RecordKey=0D778AE9-8768-421A-A133-68393123B13A">Archived</a> 2007-03-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Museum of Flight. Retrieved: 12 July 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usaaf.com/8thaf/fighter/56fg.HTM">"8th Air Force 56th FG."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060612043838/http://www.usaaf.com/8thaf/fighter/56fg.HTM">Archived</a> 2006-06-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II,</i> 18 June 2004. Retrieved: 14 July 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.au.af.mil/au/goe/eaglebios/88bios/gabres88.htm">"Francis S. 'Gabby' Gabreski".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080523101516/http://www.au.af.mil/au/goe/eaglebios/88bios/gabres88.htm">Archived</a> 2008-05-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> USAF Air University, Maxwell-Gunter AFB, 17 April 2006. Retrieved: 14 July 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rose, Scott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warbirdsresourcegroup.org/URG/johnson.html">"Robert S. Johnson".</a> Warbirds Resource Group, 11 June 2006. Retrieved: 14 July 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acepilots.com/usaaf_zemke.html">"Col. Hubert 'Hub' Zemke."</a> Acepilots.com, 29 July 2003. Retrieved: 14 July 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trucks-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trucks_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/republic-p-47d-30-ra-thunderbolt">"Republic P-47D-30-RA Thunderbolt (Long Description)."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170220094211/https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/republic-p-47d-30-ra-thunderbolt">Archived</a> 2017-02-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Smithsonian <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a></i>. Retrieved: 19 February 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofwar.org/air/units/USAAF/405th_Fighter_Group.html">"405th Fighter Group (USAAF)"</a>. <i>www.historyofwar.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.historyofwar.org&rft.atitle=405th+Fighter+Group+%28USAAF%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofwar.org%2Fair%2Funits%2FUSAAF%2F405th_Fighter_Group.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zaloga p.65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berliner 2011, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090427210519/http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-3185986/Why-the-U-S-Air.html-page.html">"Air Power History".</a> goliath.ecnext.com. Retrieved: 06 January 2010, via Internet Archive.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1944/1944%20-%202502.html">"RAF Thunderbolts"</a>, <i>Flight</i>: 600 (photo caption), 7 December 1944</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flight&rft.atitle=RAF+Thunderbolts&rft.pages=600+%28photo+caption%29&rft.date=1944-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F1944%2F1944%2520-%25202502.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/collections/republic-p-47d-thunderbolt-ii"><i>Republic P-47D Thunderbolt II</i></a>, RAF Museum</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Republic+P-47D+Thunderbolt+II&rft.pub=RAF+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rafmuseum.org.uk%2Fresearch%2Fcollections%2Frepublic-p-47d-thunderbolt-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dias_de_Cunha-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dias_de_Cunha_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDias_de_Cunha" class="citation web cs1">Dias de Cunha, Rudnei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223184843/http://www.rudnei.cunha.nom.br/FAB/en/p-47.html">"Republic P-47 Thunderbolt"</a>. <i>www.rudnei.cunha.nom.br</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudnei.cunha.nom.br/FAB/en/p-47.html">the original</a> on 23 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rudnei.cunha.nom.br&rft.atitle=Republic+P-47+Thunderbolt&rft.aulast=Dias+de+Cunha&rft.aufirst=Rudnei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudnei.cunha.nom.br%2FFAB%2Fen%2Fp-47.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041210213143/http://www.sentapua.com.br/Ing/Citacao.htm">"Sinopse e Créditos"</a>. 10 December 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sentapua.com.br/Ing/Citacao.htm">the original</a> on 10 December 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sinopse+e+Cr%C3%A9ditos&rft.date=2004-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sentapua.com.br%2FIng%2FCitacao.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Velasco, E. Alfonso, Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ipmsstockholm.org/magazine/2002/12/stuff_eng_velasco_p47.htm">"Aztec Eagle – P-47D of the Mexican Expeditionary Air Force".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050904232640/http://www.ipmsstockholm.org/magazine/2002/12/stuff_eng_velasco_p47.htm">Archived</a> 2005-09-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> IPMS Stockholm, 9 January 2006. Retrieved: 14 July 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sgarlato 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hardesty 1991, p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_449-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_449_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_449_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon 2008, p. 449.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aircraftresourcecenter.com/Gal13/12201-12300/gal12272-P-47-Heeps/00.shtm">"1/72 Revell P-47 Thunderbolt by Robert R. Heeps"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1%2F72+Revell+P-47+Thunderbolt+by+Robert+R.+Heeps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aircraftresourcecenter.com%2FGal13%2F12201-12300%2Fgal12272-P-47-Heeps%2F00.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerriam2017" class="citation book cs1">Merriam, Ray (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qgbKDgAAQBAJ&q=p-47+taiwan+china&pg=PT15"><i>World War 2 in Review: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt</i></a>. New York: Merriam Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781365884856" title="Special:BookSources/9781365884856"><bdi>9781365884856</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+2+in+Review%3A+Republic+P-47+Thunderbolt&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Merriam+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781365884856&rft.aulast=Merriam&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqgbKDgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dp-47%2Btaiwan%2Bchina%26pg%3DPT15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergerud 2000, pp. 269–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spick_96-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spick_96_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spick 1983, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caldwell-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caldwell_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldwell_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caldwell_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Caldwell 2007, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sims, Edward H. <i>American Aces of World War II</i>, London: Macdonald, 1958.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sims_160-161-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sims_160-161_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sims 1980, pp. 160–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan, C. C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planesandpilotsofww2.webs.com/Fisher.html">"Pushing The Envelope With Test Pilot Herb Fisher".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105803/http://planesandpilotsofww2.webs.com/Fisher.html">Archived</a> 2015-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Planes and Pilots of WW2,</i> 2000. Retrieved: 22 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sims_134-135-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sims_134-135_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sims 1980, pp. 134–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallion2014" class="citation book cs1">Hallion, Richard (August 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7SBwCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT4"><i>D-Day 1944 – Air Power Over The Normandy Beaches And Beyond</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pickle_Partners_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pickle Partners Publishing (page does not exist)">Pickle Partners Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78289887-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78289887-0"><bdi>978-1-78289887-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D-Day+1944+%E2%80%93+Air+Power+Over+The+Normandy+Beaches+And+Beyond&rft.pub=Pickle+Partners+Publishing&rft.date=2014-08-15&rft.isbn=978-1-78289887-0&rft.aulast=Hallion&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7SBwCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/PopTopics/MOH-bios/Kearby.html">"Colonel Neel Earnest Kearby".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041017100029/https://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/PopTopics/MOH-bios/Kearby.html">Archived</a> 2004-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Air Force History, Air Force Historical Studies Office, 20 January 2004. Retrieved: 14 July 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallion2014" class="citation book cs1">Hallion, Richard (August 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7SBwCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT4"><i>D-Day 1944 – Air Power Over The Normandy Beaches And Beyond</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pickle_Partners_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pickle Partners Publishing (page does not exist)">Pickle Partners Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78289887-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78289887-0"><bdi>978-1-78289887-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D-Day+1944+%E2%80%93+Air+Power+Over+The+Normandy+Beaches+And+Beyond&rft.pub=Pickle+Partners+Publishing&rft.date=2014-08-15&rft.isbn=978-1-78289887-0&rft.aulast=Hallion&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7SBwCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes_p._432-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_p._432_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes 1989, p. 432.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Achtung-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Achtung_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Achtung! Jabos! The Story of the IX TAC." <i>Stars & Stripes</i>, U.S. Army, 1944.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/TM/pdfs/TM9-395.pdf">Page 4 illustration of M10 triple-tube launcher</a>, iBiblio.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dunn, Carle E. (LTC). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/aviation/docs/gunsagogo.html">"Army Aviation and Firepower".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081223234821/http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/aviation/docs/gunsagogo.html">Archived</a> 2008-12-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Army, May 2000. Retrieved 21 November 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hagedorn 1991, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warbirdregistry.org/p47registry/p47-4219663.html">"P-47 Thunderbolt/42-19663."</a> Warbirds Resource Group. Retrieved: 21 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warbirdregistry.org/p47registry/p47-4226450.html">"P-47 Thunderbolt/42-26450."</a> Warbirds Resource Group. Retrieved: 21 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warbirdregistry.org/p47registry/p47-4226757.html">"P-47 Thunderbolt/42-26757."</a> Warbirds Resource Group. Retrieved: 21 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warbirdregistry.org/p47registry/p47-4226762.html">"P-47 Thunderbolt/42-26762."</a> Warbirds Resource Group. Retrieved: 21 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warbirdregistry.org/p47registry/p47-4549151.html">"P-47 Thunderbolt/45-49151."</a> Warbirds Resource Group. Retrieved: 21 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warbirdregistry.org/p47registry/p47-4549219.html">"P-47 Thunderbolt/45-49219."</a> Warbirds Resource Group. Retrieved: 21 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warbirdregistry.org/p47registry/p47-4549509.html">"P-47 Thunderbolt/45-49509."</a> Warbirds Resource Group. Retrieved: 21 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iapr7_p162-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p162_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p162_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p162_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lake 2002, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iapr7_p163-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p163_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p163_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p163_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p163_65-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p163_65-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lake 2002, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRon_Eisele2022" class="citation web cs1">Ron Eisele [@@ron_eisele] (Nov 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/@ron_eisele/status/1587444833349767169">"A US serviceman (appears to be a paratrooper) looks at recently recaptured P-47D (T9+LK) at Göttingen, Germany, (probably April) 1945"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+US+serviceman+%28appears+to+be+a+paratrooper%29+looks+at+recently+recaptured+P-47D+%28T9%2BLK%29+at+G%C3%B6ttingen%2C+Germany%2C+%28probably+April%29+1945.&rft.date=2022-11-01&rft.au=Ron+Eisele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2F%40ron_eisele%2Fstatus%2F1587444833349767169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iapr7_p164-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p164_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p164_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p164_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lake 2002, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klemen, L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/201squadron.html">"201st Mexican Fighter Squadron."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726052413/http://www.dutcheastindies.webs.com/201squadron.html">Archived</a> 2011-07-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Netherlands East Indies 1941–1942</i>. Retrieved: 26 April 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iapr7_p165-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p165_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p165_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p165_69-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iapr7_p165_69-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lake 2002, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muzejvazduhoplovstva.org.rs/eksponati.php?jez=eng&id=19">"Republic F-47D-40-RE Thunderbolt"</a>. <i>Aeronautical Museum-Belgrade</i>. Retrieved: 23 February 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1984" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Larry (1984). <i>P-47 Thunderbolt in Action</i>. Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89747-161-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-89747-161-X"><bdi>0-89747-161-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=P-47+Thunderbolt+in+Action&rft.pub=Squadron%2FSignal+Publications%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-89747-161-X&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Claringbould_p23-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Claringbould_p23_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claringbould 2020, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selig-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Selig_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLednicer" class="citation web cs1">Lednicer, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html">"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"</a>. <i>m-selig.ae.illinois.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu&rft.atitle=The+Incomplete+Guide+to+Airfoil+Usage&rft.aulast=Lednicer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm-selig.ae.illinois.edu%2Fads%2Faircraft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayward, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ltmrecordings.com/usaaf1bio.html">"USAAF at War (1942-45): Audiobook CD on CD41 label."</a> <i>ltmrecordings.com.</i> Retrieved: 6 March 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRarey1996" class="citation book cs1">Rarey, George (June 1996). <i>Laughter and Tears: A Combat Pilot's Sketchbook of World War II Squadron Life</i>. Vision Books International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56550-057-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-56550-057-1"><bdi>1-56550-057-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laughter+and+Tears%3A+A+Combat+Pilot%27s+Sketchbook+of+World+War+II+Squadron+Life&rft.pub=Vision+Books+International&rft.date=1996-06&rft.isbn=1-56550-057-1&rft.aulast=Rarey&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0038171/">"Thunderbolt (1947)".</a> imdb.com. Retrieved: 21 November 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0040353/">"Fighter Squadron (1948)".</a> <i>imdb.com</i>. Retrieved: 21 November 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.14news.com/story/29399467/p-47-thunderbolt-named-official-state-aircraft-of-indiana/">"P-47 Thunderbolt Named Official State Aircraft of Indiana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WFIE-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WFIE-TV">WFIE-TV</a>. June 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=P-47+Thunderbolt+Named+Official+State+Aircraft+of+Indiana&rft.date=2015-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.14news.com%2Fstory%2F29399467%2Fp-47-thunderbolt-named-official-state-aircraft-of-indiana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Air Force Fifty</i>. Nashville, Tennessee: Turner Publishing (Air Force Association), 1998 (limited edition). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56311-409-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-56311-409-7">1-56311-409-7</a>.</li> <li>Barnes, Frank C. <i>Cartridges of the World</i>. Fairfield, Ohio: DBI Books, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87349-605-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87349-605-6">978-0-87349-605-6</a>.</li> <li>Berliner, Don. <i>Surviving Fighter Aircraft of World War Two: Fighters</i>. London: Pen & Sword Aviation, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8488-4265-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-8488-4265-6">978-1-8488-4265-6</a>.</li> <li>Bergerud, Eric M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GZCNhrm9eOYC&pg=PA269"><i>Fire in the Sky</i>.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-3869-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-3869-7">0-8133-3869-7</a>.</li> <li>Bodie, Warren M. <i>Republic's P-47 Thunderbolt: From Seversky to Victory.</i> Hiawassee, Georgia: Widewing Publications, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9629359-1-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9629359-1-3">0-9629359-1-3</a>.</li> <li>Bull, Steven. <i>Encyclopedia of Military Technology and Innovation</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57356-557-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57356-557-8">978-1-57356-557-8</a>.</li> <li>Cain, Charles W. and Mike Gerram.<i>Fighters of World War II</i>. London: Profile Publications, 1979.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaldwellMuller2007" class="citation book cs1">Caldwell, Donald L.; <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Muller" title="Richard R. Muller">Muller, Richard R.</a> (2007). <i>The Luftwaffe over Germany: Defense of the Reich</i>. London, UK: Greenhill Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85367-712-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85367-712-0"><bdi>978-1-85367-712-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Luftwaffe+over+Germany%3A+Defense+of+the+Reich&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Greenhill+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-85367-712-0&rft.aulast=Caldwell&rft.aufirst=Donald+L.&rft.au=Muller%2C+Richard+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaringbould2020" class="citation book cs1">Claringbould, Michael John (2020). <i>P-47D Thunderbolt Vs Ki-43-II Oscar: New Guinea 1943–44</i>. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-47284-089-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-47284-089-9"><bdi>978-1-47284-089-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=P-47D+Thunderbolt+Vs+Ki-43-II+Oscar%3A+New+Guinea+1943%E2%80%9344&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-47284-089-9&rft.aulast=Claringbould&rft.aufirst=Michael+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARepublic+P-47+Thunderbolt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Davis, Larry. <i>P-47 Thunderbolt in Action, Squadron/Signal Publications (#67)</i>. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89747-161-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-89747-161-X">0-89747-161-X</a>.</li> <li>Donald, David, ed. <i>American Warplanes of the Second World War</i>. London: Airtime Publications, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84013-392-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84013-392-9">1-84013-392-9</a>.</li> <li>Dorr, Robert F. and David Donald. <i>Fighters of the United States Air Force</i>. London: Temple, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-600-55094-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-600-55094-X">0-600-55094-X</a>.</li> <li>Freeman, Roger A. <i>56th Fighter Group</i>. Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-047-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-047-1">1-84176-047-1</a>.</li> <li>Freeman, Roger A. <i>Camouflage and Markings 15: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt U.S.A.A.F., E.T.O. And M.T.O. 1942–1945</i> (Ducimus Classic). London: Ducimus Books, 1971.</li> <li>Freeman, Roger A. <i>Thunderbolt: A Documentary History of the Republic P-47.</i> London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-354-01166-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-354-01166-9">0-354-01166-9</a>.</li> <li>Goebel, Greg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vectorsite.net/avp47.html">"The Republic P-47 Thunderbolt."</a> <i>Air Vectors</i>, April 2009.</li> <li>Gordon, Yefim. <i>Soviet Air Power in World War 2</i>. Hinkley, UK: Midland/Ian Allan Publishing, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85780-304-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85780-304-4">978-1-85780-304-4</a>.</li> <li>Graff, Cory. <i>P-47 Thunderbolt at War</i> (The At War Series). St. Paul, Minnesota: Zenith Press, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-2948-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-2948-1">978-0-7603-2948-1</a>.</li> <li>Green, William. <i>Fighters Vol. 2</i> (Warplanes of the Second World War). New York: Doubleday and Company Inc., 1961.</li> <li>Guillemin, Sébastien. <i>Republic P-47 Thunderbolt (Les Materiels de l'Armée de L'Air 4)</i> (in French). Paris: Histoire et Collections, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-915239-90-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-915239-90-4">978-2-915239-90-4</a>.</li> <li>Gunston, Bill. <i>Aircraft of World War 2</i>. London: Octopus Books Limited, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7064-1287-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7064-1287-7">0-7064-1287-7</a>.</li> <li>Hagedorn, Dan. <i>Republic P-47 Thunderbolt: The Final Chapter: Latin American Air Forces Service</i>. St. Paul, Minnesota: Phalanx Publishing Co. Ltd., 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9625860-1-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-9625860-1-3">0-9625860-1-3</a>.</li> <li>Hardesty, Von. <i>Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power 1941–1945</i>. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1991 (first edition 1982). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87474-510-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87474-510-1">0-87474-510-1</a>.</li> <li>Hess, William N. <i>P-47 Thunderbolt</i> (Warbird History). St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International Publishers, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87938-899-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87938-899-4">0-87938-899-4</a>.</li> <li>Lake, Jon. "P-47 Thunderbolt Part 1: Early development and combat in the ETO". <i>International Air Power Review</i>, Volume 1, Summer 2001. Westport, Connecticut: AIRtime Publishing. pp. 138–169. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1473-9917">1473-9917</a>.</li> <li>Lake, Jon. "P-47 Thunderbolt Part 2: Final developments and combat in the Mediterranean, Far East and Pacific". <i>International Air Power Review</i>, Volume 7, Winter 2002. Westport, Connecticut: AIRtime Publishing. pp. 128–165. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1473-9917">1473-9917</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-880588-48-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-880588-48-X">1-880588-48-X</a>.</li> <li>Mondey, David. <i>The Concise Guide to American Aircraft of World War II.</i> London: Chartwell Books, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-0147-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7858-0147-2">0-7858-0147-2</a>.</li> <li>O'Leary, Michael. <i>USAAF fighters of World War Two in action</i>. London: Blandford Press, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7137-1839-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7137-1839-0">0-7137-1839-0</a>.</li> <li>Ryan, Cornelius. <i><a href="/wiki/A_Bridge_Too_Far_(book)" title="A Bridge Too Far (book)">A Bridge Too Far</a></i>. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1974. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-445-08373-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-445-08373-8">978-0-445-08373-8</a>.</li> <li>Scutts, Jerry. <i>Republic P-47 Thunderbolt</i> (Combat Legend). Ramsbury, Wiltshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84037-402-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-84037-402-0">1-84037-402-0</a>.</li> <li>Sims, Edward H. <i>Fighter Tactics and Strategy 1914–1970</i>. Fallbrook, California: Aero publisher, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8168-8795-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8168-8795-0">0-8168-8795-0</a>.</li> <li>Sgarlato, Nico and Giorgio Gibertini. "P-47" (in Italian). <i>I Grandi Aerei Storici n.14</i>, January 2005. Parma, Italy: Delta Editrice. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1720-0636">1720-0636</a>.</li> <li>Spick, Mike. <i>Fighter Pilot Tactics. The Techniques of Daylight Air Combat</i>. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85059-617-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85059-617-3">0-85059-617-3</a>.</li> <li>Panzer IV vs Sherman: France 1944 by Steven Zaloga</li> <li>Stoff, Joshua. <i>The Thunder Factory: An Illustrated History of the Republic Aviation Corporation.</i> London: Arms & Armour Press, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85409-040-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85409-040-2">1-85409-040-2</a>.</li></ul> <p><i>The initial version of this article was based on a <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> article from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vc.airvectors.net/index.html">Greg Goebel's Vectorsite</a>. </i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt">Republic P-47 Thunderbolt</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rwebs.net/avhistory/history/p-47.htm">"Design Analysis of the P-47 Thunderbolt"</a> by Nicholas Mastrangelo, Chief Technical Publications, Republic Aviation Corporation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/p-47/p-47-encounter-reports.html">WWII P-47 pilots' Encounter Reports (4th, 56th, 78th, 352nd, 353rd, 355th, 361st FGs)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HCcDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+science+may+1941&pg=PA108">"It's The Thunderbolt"</a>, December 1942 article in <i>Popular Science</i>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.2770"><i>How to Fly the P-47: Pilot Familiarization</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110712224724/http://www.howitflies.com/files/P-47-Thunderbolt-Pilot-Flight-Manual.pdf">P-47 Pilot's Flight Operation Instructions, April 10, 1942.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ltmrecordings.com/usaaf1bio.html"><i>USAAF At War 1942–45</i> audiobook with wartime P-47 pilot interviews.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1943/1943%20-%202711.html">"Thunderbolt's Own Back Yard!" a 1943 Republic advertisement for the Thunderbolt in <i>Flight</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/items/show/61622">Pilot training manual for the Thunderbolt P-47N</a> – The Museum of Flight Digital Collections</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/items/show/61624">Erection and maintenance instructions for RP-47B and C, P-47C-1, -2, -5 and P-47D airplanes</a> – The Museum of Flight Digital Collections</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Aviation">Republic</a> and Seversky aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seversky aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_SEV-3" title="Seversky SEV-3">SEV-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_SEV-3" title="Seversky SEV-3">BT-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_P-35" title="Seversky P-35">P-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_A8V" title="Seversky A8V">A8V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_P-35" title="Seversky P-35">AT-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_XP-41" title="Seversky XP-41">XP-41</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republic aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">P-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">P-44</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XP-69" title="Republic XP-69">XP-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XP-72" title="Republic XP-72">XP-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84_Thunderjet" title="Republic F-84 Thunderjet">F-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak" title="Republic F-84F Thunderstreak">F-84F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-84H_Thunderscreech" title="Republic XF-84H Thunderscreech">XF-84H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-91_Thunderceptor" title="Republic XF-91 Thunderceptor">XF-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-103" title="Republic XF-103">XF-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-105_Thunderchief" title="Republic F-105 Thunderchief">F-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_AP-100" title="Republic AP-100">AP-100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak" title="Republic F-84F Thunderstreak">RF-84F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_SD-3_Snooper" title="Republic SD-3 Snooper">SD-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_SD-4_Swallow" title="Republic SD-4 Swallow">SD-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-12_Rainbow" title="Republic XF-12 Rainbow">XF-12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic-Ford_JB-2" title="Republic-Ford JB-2">JB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic-Ford_JB-2" title="Republic-Ford JB-2">KGW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic-Ford_JB-2" title="Republic-Ford JB-2">KUW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_RC-3_Seabee" title="Republic RC-3 Seabee">RC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-12_Rainbow" title="Republic XF-12 Rainbow">RC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_RC-3_Seabee" title="Republic RC-3 Seabee">RC-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">Lancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic-Ford_JB-2" title="Republic-Ford JB-2">Loon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-12_Rainbow" title="Republic XF-12 Rainbow">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_RC-3_Seabee" title="Republic RC-3 Seabee">Seabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_SD-3_Snooper" title="Republic SD-3 Snooper">Snooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_SD-4_Swallow" title="Republic SD-4 Swallow">Swallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic-Ford_JB-2" title="Republic-Ford JB-2">Thunderbug</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-91_Thunderceptor" title="Republic XF-91 Thunderceptor">Thunderceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-105_Thunderchief" title="Republic F-105 Thunderchief">Thunderchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak" title="Republic F-84F Thunderstreak">Thunderflash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84_Thunderjet" title="Republic F-84 Thunderjet">Thunderjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-84H_Thunderscreech" title="Republic XF-84H Thunderscreech">Thunderscreech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak" title="Republic F-84F Thunderstreak">Thunderstreak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Project numbers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_P-35" title="Seversky P-35">AP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_XP-41" title="Seversky XP-41">AP-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seversky_AP-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seversky AP-3 (page does not exist)">AP-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">AP-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-5 (page does not exist)">AP-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-6 (page does not exist)">AP-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_P-35" title="Seversky P-35">AP-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_P-35" title="Seversky P-35">AP-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_P-35" title="Seversky P-35">AP-9</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AP-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XP-69" title="Republic XP-69">AP-12</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AP-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XP-69" title="Republic XP-69">AP-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XP-72" title="Republic XP-72">AP-19</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-21 (page does not exist)">AP-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic-Ford_JB-2" title="Republic-Ford JB-2">AP-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84_Thunderjet" title="Republic F-84 Thunderjet">AP-23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak" title="Republic F-84F Thunderstreak">M/X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_RC-3_Seabee" title="Republic RC-3 Seabee">AP-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-91_Thunderceptor" title="Republic XF-91 Thunderceptor">AP-31</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-38 (page does not exist)">AP-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-12_Rainbow" title="Republic XF-12 Rainbow">AP-41</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-42&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-42 (page does not exist)">AP-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">AP-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-103" title="Republic XF-103">AP-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-84H_Thunderscreech" title="Republic XF-84H Thunderscreech">AP-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt_variants#AP-47" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt variants">AP-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-91_Thunderceptor" title="Republic XF-91 Thunderceptor">NP-48</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_NP-49&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic NP-49 (page does not exist)">NP-49</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_NP-50&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic NP-50 (page does not exist)">NP-50</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_NP-52&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic NP-52 (page does not exist)">NP-52</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-54&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-54 (page does not exist)">AP-54</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-55&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-55 (page does not exist)">AP-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-103" title="Republic XF-103">AP-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-12_Rainbow" title="Republic XF-12 Rainbow">AP-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-105_Thunderchief" title="Republic F-105 Thunderchief">AP-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-105_Thunderchief" title="Republic F-105 Thunderchief">AP-71</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-75&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-75 (page does not exist)">AP-75</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-76&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-76 (page does not exist)">AP-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak" title="Republic F-84F Thunderstreak">85</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-90 (page does not exist)">AP-90</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-95 (page does not exist)">AP-95</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-96 (page does not exist)">AP-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_AP-100" title="Republic AP-100">AP-100</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_AP-106&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic AP-106 (page does not exist)">AP-106</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="USAAS/USAAC/USAAF/USAF_fighter_designations_1924–1962,_and_Tri-Service_post-1962_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAF_fighters" title="Template:USAF fighters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAF_fighters" title="Template talk:USAF fighters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAF_fighters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAF fighters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="USAAS/USAAC/USAAF/USAF_fighter_designations_1924–1962,_and_Tri-Service_post-1962_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">USAAS</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">USAAC</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> fighter designations 1924–1962, and <a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designation_system" title="1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system">Tri-Service</a> post-1962 systems</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1924 sequences<br />(1924–1962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pursuit (1924–1948)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-1_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-1 Hawk">P-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-1_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-1 Hawk">P-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-1_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-1 Hawk">P-3</a></li> <li>P-4<sup><small>3</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-1_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-1 Hawk">Curtiss P-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-4" title="Boeing XP-4">Boeing P-4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-1_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-1 Hawk">P-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-6_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-6 Hawk">P-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-7" title="Boeing XP-7">P-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-8" title="Boeing XP-8">P-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-9" title="Boeing XP-9">P-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-10" title="Curtiss XP-10">P-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-6_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-6 Hawk">P-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-12" title="Boeing P-12">P-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas-Morse_XP-13_Viper" title="Thomas-Morse XP-13 Viper">P-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas-Morse_XP-13_Viper" title="Thomas-Morse XP-13 Viper">P-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-15" title="Boeing XP-15">P-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berliner-Joyce_P-16" title="Berliner-Joyce P-16">P-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-6_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-6 Hawk">P-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-18" title="Curtiss XP-18">P-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-19" title="Curtiss XP-19">P-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_YP-20" title="Curtiss YP-20">P-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-6_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-6 Hawk">P-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-22_Hawk" title="Curtiss XP-22 Hawk">P-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-6_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-6 Hawk">P-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YP-24" title="Lockheed YP-24">P-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">P-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-26_Peashooter" title="Boeing P-26 Peashooter">P-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">P-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">P-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-29" title="Boeing P-29">P-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">P-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-31_Swift" title="Curtiss XP-31 Swift">P-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-29" title="Boeing P-29">P-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">P-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedell-Williams_XP-34" title="Wedell-Williams XP-34">P-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_P-35" title="Seversky P-35">P-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-36_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-36 Hawk">P-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_YP-37" title="Curtiss YP-37">P-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">P-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">P-39</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-76" title="Bell P-76">P-39E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">P-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_XP-41" title="Seversky XP-41">P-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-42" title="Curtiss XP-42">P-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">P-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">P-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">P-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-46" title="Curtiss XP-46">P-46</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XP-48" title="Douglas XP-48">P-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XP-49" title="Lockheed XP-49">P-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XP-50" title="Grumman XP-50">P-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">P-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XP-52" title="Bell XP-52">P-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-60" title="Curtiss P-60">P-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_XP-54" title="Vultee XP-54">P-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_XP-55_Ascender" title="Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender">P-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_XP-56_Black_Bullet" title="Northrop XP-56 Black Bullet">P-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_XP-57" title="Tucker XP-57">P-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XP-58_Chain_Lightning" title="Lockheed XP-58 Chain Lightning">P-58</a></li> <li>P-59<sup><small>3</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XP-52" title="Bell XP-52">XP-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-59_Airacomet" title="Bell P-59 Airacomet">P-59</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-60" title="Curtiss P-60">P-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_P-61_Black_Widow" title="Northrop P-61 Black Widow">P-61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-62" title="Curtiss XP-62">P-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-63_Kingcobra" title="Bell P-63 Kingcobra">P-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-64" title="North American P-64">P-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XP-50" title="Grumman XP-50">P-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_P-66_Vanguard" title="Vultee P-66 Vanguard">P-66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XP-67" title="McDonnell XP-67">P-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_XP-68_Tornado" title="Vultee XP-68 Tornado">P-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XP-69" title="Republic XP-69">P-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">P-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XP-71" title="Curtiss XP-71">P-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XP-72" title="Republic XP-72">P-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_D-2" title="Hughes D-2">P-73</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">P-74</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_P-75_Eagle" title="Fisher P-75 Eagle">P-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-76" title="Bell P-76">P-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XP-77" title="Bell XP-77">P-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">P-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_XP-79" title="Northrop XP-79">P-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">P-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Vultee_XP-81" title="Consolidated Vultee XP-81">P-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">P-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XP-83" title="Bell XP-83">P-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84_Thunderjet" title="Republic F-84 Thunderjet">P-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-85_Goblin" title="McDonnell XF-85 Goblin">P-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">P-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_XF-87_Blackhawk" title="Curtiss-Wright XF-87 Blackhawk">P-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-88_Voodoo" title="McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo">P-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-89_Scorpion" title="Northrop F-89 Scorpion">P-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XF-90" title="Lockheed XF-90">P-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-91_Thunderceptor" title="Republic XF-91 Thunderceptor">P-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_XF-92" title="Convair XF-92">P-92</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighter (1948–1962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">F-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">F-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">F-40</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">F-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-59_Airacomet" title="Bell P-59 Airacomet">F-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_P-61_Black_Widow" title="Northrop P-61 Black Widow">F-61</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-15_Reporter" title="Northrop F-15 Reporter">RF-61C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-63_Kingcobra" title="Bell P-63 Kingcobra">F-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">F-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Vultee_XP-81" title="Consolidated Vultee XP-81">F-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-82_Twin_Mustang" title="North American F-82 Twin Mustang">F-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XP-83" title="Bell XP-83">F-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84_Thunderjet" title="Republic F-84 Thunderjet">F-84</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak" title="Republic F-84F Thunderstreak">F-84F/J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-84H_Thunderscreech" title="Republic XF-84H Thunderscreech">F-84H</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-85_Goblin" title="McDonnell XF-85 Goblin">F-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">F-86</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_YF-93" title="North American YF-93">F-86C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">F-86D/G/K/L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_XF-87_Blackhawk" title="Curtiss-Wright XF-87 Blackhawk">F-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_XF-88_Voodoo" title="McDonnell XF-88 Voodoo">F-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-89_Scorpion" title="Northrop F-89 Scorpion">F-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XF-90" title="Lockheed XF-90">F-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-91_Thunderceptor" title="Republic XF-91 Thunderceptor">F-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_XF-92" title="Convair XF-92">F-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_YF-93" title="North American YF-93">F-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">F-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">F-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak" title="Republic F-84F Thunderstreak">F-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-94_Starfire" title="Lockheed F-94 Starfire">F-97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM-4_Falcon" title="AIM-4 Falcon">F-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIM-10_Bomarc" title="CIM-10 Bomarc">F-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre" title="North American F-100 Super Sabre">F-100</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-107" title="North American F-107">F-100B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">F-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-102_Delta_Dagger" title="Convair F-102 Delta Dagger">F-102</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-106_Delta_Dart" title="Convair F-106 Delta Dart">F-102B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-103" title="Republic XF-103">F-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">F-104</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XF-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed XF-104 Starfighter">XF-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeritalia_F-104S_Starfighter" title="Aeritalia F-104S Starfighter">F-104S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_NF-104A" title="Lockheed NF-104A">NF-104A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-105_Thunderchief" title="Republic F-105 Thunderchief">F-105</a></li> <li>F-106<sup><small>3</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-84H_Thunderscreech" title="Republic XF-84H Thunderscreech">XF-106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-106_Delta_Dart" title="Convair F-106 Delta Dart">F-106</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-107" title="North American F-107">F-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XF-108_Rapier" title="North American XF-108 Rapier">F-108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_D-188A" title="Bell D-188A">F-109</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">F-111</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Grumman_F-111B" title="General Dynamics–Grumman F-111B">F-111B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111C" title="General Dynamics F-111C">F-111C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111K" title="General Dynamics F-111K">F-111K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Boeing_AFTI/F-111A_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics–Boeing AFTI/F-111A Aardvark">AFTI/F-111A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Grumman_EF-111A_Raven" title="General Dynamics–Grumman EF-111A Raven">EF-111A</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pursuit, biplace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berliner-Joyce_P-16" title="Berliner-Joyce P-16">PB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P-30" title="Consolidated P-30">PB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XFM-2" title="Lockheed XFM-2">PB-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighter, multiplace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_YFM-1_Airacuda" title="Bell YFM-1 Airacuda">FM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XFM-2" title="Lockheed XFM-2">FM-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-sequential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_SBD_Dauntless" title="Douglas SBD Dauntless">F-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">P-322</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">P-400</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tri-service sequence<br />(1962–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>F-1 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-2/-3_Fury" title="North American FJ-2/-3 Fury">F-1C/D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">F-1E/F</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F2H_Banshee" title="McDonnell F2H Banshee">F-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F3H_Demon" title="McDonnell F3H Demon">F-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F-4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_Phantom_in_UK_service" title="McDonnell Douglas Phantom in UK service">F-4K/M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">F-5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-20_Tigershark" title="Northrop F-20 Tigershark">G</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F4D_Skyray" title="Douglas F4D Skyray">F-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F2Y_Sea_Dart" title="Convair F2Y Sea Dart">F-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_F-8_Crusader" title="Vought F-8 Crusader">F-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F9F_Panther" title="Grumman F9F Panther">F-9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-9_Cougar" title="Grumman F-9 Cougar">F-9F–J</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F3D_Skyknight" title="Douglas F3D Skyknight">F-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-11_Tiger" title="Grumman F-11 Tiger">F-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-12" title="Lockheed YF-12">F-12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird" title="Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird">F-12C</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">F-13</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">F-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">F-15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15E_Strike_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle">F-15E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F-15EX_Eagle_II" title="Boeing F-15EX Eagle II">F-15EX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F-15J" title="Mitsubishi F-15J">F-15J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_STOL/MTD" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 STOL/MTD">F-15 STOL/MTD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16XL" title="General Dynamics F-16XL">F-16XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_X-62_VISTA" title="General Dynamics X-62 VISTA">NF-16D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-17" title="Northrop YF-17">F-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">F/A-18E/F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EA-18G_Growler" title="Boeing EA-18G Growler">EA-18G</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">F-19</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-20_Tigershark" title="Northrop F-20 Tigershark">F-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAI_Kfir#United_States" title="IAI Kfir">F-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor">F-22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_YF-22" title="Lockheed YF-22">YF-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_FB-22" title="Lockheed Martin FB-22">FB-22</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-23" title="Northrop YF-23">F-23</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-sequential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">F-35</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_Israeli_procurement" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Israeli procurement">F-35I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-35" title="Lockheed Martin X-35">X-35</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk" title="Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk">F-117</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Covert designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Have_Doughnut" title="Have Doughnut">YF-110</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">YF-110B/D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-7" title="Chengdu J-7">YF-110C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAVE_DRILL" class="mw-redirect" title="HAVE DRILL">YF-113 (I)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">YF-113A</a></li></ul></li> <li>YF-113 (II) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23">YF-113B/D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Have_Privilege" class="mw-redirect" title="Have Privilege">YF-113 (III)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-5" title="Shenyang J-5">YF-113C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAVE_FERRY" class="mw-redirect" title="HAVE FERRY">YF-114</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">YF-114C/D</a></li></ul></li> <li>YF-117 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-117_Nighthawk" title="Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk">YF-117A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Tacit_Blue" title="Northrop Tacit Blue">YF-117D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Bird_of_Prey" title="Boeing Bird of Prey">YF-118</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_XFV-12" title="Rockwell XFV-12">FV-12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Not assigned  •  <sup>2</sup> Unofficial  •  <sup>3</sup> Assigned to multiple types<br />See also: "<a href="/wiki/F-19" title="F-19">F-19</a>"  •  <a href="/wiki/Template:USAAS_fighters" title="Template:USAAS fighters">1919–1924 sequence</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tuskegee_Airmen" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Template:Tuskegee Airmen"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Template talk:Tuskegee Airmen"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tuskegee Airmen"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tuskegee_Airmen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Tuskegee Airmen">Tuskegee Airmen</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/99th_Fighter_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="99th Fighter Squadron">99th Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Fighter_Squadron" title="100th Fighter Squadron">100th Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/301st_Fighter_Squadron" title="301st Fighter Squadron">301st Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/302nd_Fighter_Squadron_(United_States)" title="302nd Fighter Squadron (United States)">302nd Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/332d_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="332d Fighter Group">332d Fighter Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/477th_Fighter_Group" title="477th Fighter Group">477th Bomber Group</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shield of the 332nd Fighter Group"><img alt="An insignia with a dark four-legged feline breathing fire on a yellow background. There is a blue artistic border at the top and bottom. Below a banner reads "Spit fire"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg/100px-Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg/150px-Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg/200px-Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chanute_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanute Field">Chanute Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mather_Air_Force_Base" title="Mather Air Force Base">Mather Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moton_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Moton Army Air Field">Moton Army Air Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wurtsmith_Air_Force_Base" title="Wurtsmith Air Force Base">Oscoda Army Air Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfridge_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Selfridge Air National Guard Base">Selfridge Air Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuskegee Army Air Field">Tuskegee Army Air Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pilots<br />and crew</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Adams_(pilot)" title="Paul Adams (pilot)">Paul Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_H._Adkins" title="Rutherford H. Adkins">Rutherford H. Adkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halbert_Alexander" title="Halbert Alexander">Halbert Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_N._Alsbrook" title="William N. Alsbrook">William N. Alsbrooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Armstrong_(Tuskegee_Airman)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Armstrong (Tuskegee Airman)">William Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Archer_(pilot)" title="Lee Archer (pilot)">Lee Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ashby_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="Robert Ashby (Tuskegee Airman)">Robert Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Ashley" title="Willie Ashley">Willie Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Bailey_(pilot)" title="Charles P. Bailey (pilot)">Charles P. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bartley_(pilot)" title="William Bartley (pilot)">William Bartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baugh" title="Howard Baugh">Howard Baugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Bohler" title="Henry Cabot Lodge Bohler">Henry Cabot Lodge Bohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Bolling" title="George R. Bolling">George R. Bolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_V._Clark" title="Herbert V. Clark">Herbert V. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_C._Coggs" title="Granville C. Coggs">Granville C. Coggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Crockett" title="Woodrow Crockett">Woodrow Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Brown_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="Harold Brown (Tuskegee Airman)">Harold Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Brown" title="George L. Brown">George L. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Roscoe Brown">Roscoe Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Campbell_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="William A. Campbell (Tuskegee Airman)">William A. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Carter_(pilot)" title="Herbert Carter (pilot)">Herbert Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Calvin_Cheatham_Jr." title="Eugene Calvin Cheatham Jr.">Eugene Calvin Cheatham Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Crenchaw" title="Milton Crenchaw">Milton Crenchaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_R._Custis" title="Lemuel R. Custis">Lemuel R. Custis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Dart" title="Clarence Dart">Clarence Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonza_W._Davis" title="Alfonza W. Davis">Alfonza W. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_O._Davis_Jr." title="Benjamin O. Davis Jr.">Benjamin O. Davis Jr.</a> (C/O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_DeBow" title="Charles DeBow">Charles DeBow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Deiz" title="Robert W. Deiz">Robert W. Deiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Derricotte" title="Gene Derricotte">Gene Derricotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Dickson" title="Lawrence Dickson">Lawrence Dickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elwood_T._Driver" title="Elwood T. Driver">Elwood T. Driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Dryden" title="Charles W. Dryden">Charles W. Dryden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_V._Eagleson" title="Wilson V. Eagleson">Wilson V. Eagleson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ellis_Edwards" title="John Ellis Edwards">John Ellis Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Elsberry" title="Joseph Elsberry">Joseph Elsberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Cassagnol" title="Raymond Cassagnol">Raymond Cassagnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clayton_Flowers" title="James Clayton Flowers">James Clayton Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Freeman" title="Julius Freeman">Julius Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Friend_(pilot)" title="Robert Friend (pilot)">Robert Friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_H._Fuller" title="Willie H. Fuller">Willie H. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Gleed" title="Edward C. Gleed">Edward C. Gleed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gomer_(pilot)" title="Joseph Gomer (pilot)">Joseph Gomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gorham" title="Alfred Gorham">Alfred Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Goodall" title="Oliver Goodall">Oliver Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Hall" title="Charles B. Hall">Charles B. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_V._Haywood" title="Vernon V. Haywood">Vernon V. Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hardy_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="George Hardy (Tuskegee Airman)">George Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_V._Haysbert" title="Raymond V. Haysbert">Raymond V. Haysbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Heath" title="Percy Heath">Percy Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Higginbotham" title="Mitchell Higginbotham">Mitchell Higginbotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_James_Jr." title="Daniel James Jr.">Daniel "Chappie" James Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_C._Jamison" title="Clarence C. Jamison">Clarence C. Jamison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jefferson" title="Alexander Jefferson">Alexander Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_C._Johnson" title="Carl C. Johnson">Carl C. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Harvey" title="James H. Harvey">James H. Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="William Lee Hill">William Lee Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Hudson" title="Lincoln Hudson">Lincoln Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Holloman" title="William H. Holloman">William H. Holloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Iles" title="George J. Iles">George J. Iles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_Kelly" title="James Johnson Kelly">James Johnson Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Knighten" title="James B. Knighten">James B. Knighten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Knox_II" title="George L. Knox II">George L. Knox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_A._Lawson" title="Herman A. Lawson">Herman A. Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_I._Lawson" title="Walter I. Lawson">Walter I. Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_D._Lester" title="Clarence D. Lester">Clarence D. Lester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmore_B._Leonard" title="Wilmore B. Leonard">Wilmore B. Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lyle_(pilot)" title="John Lyle (pilot)">John Lyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Mann" title="Hiram Mann">Hiram Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Manning" title="Walter Manning">Walter Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Martin_(aviator)" title="Robert Martin (aviator)">Robert Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armour_G._McDaniel" title="Armour G. McDaniel">Armour G. McDaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_McGee_(pilot)" title="Charles McGee (pilot)">Charles McGee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_L._McCreary" title="Walter L. McCreary">Walter L. McCreary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mosley" title="John Mosley">John Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzroy_Newsum" title="Fitzroy Newsum">Fitzroy Newsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O._Plinton_Jr." title="James O. Plinton Jr.">James O. Plinton Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_O._Pruitt" title="Wendell O. Pruitt">Wendell O. Pruitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Purnell" title="Louis Purnell">Louis R. Purnell Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_D._Rice" title="Price D. Rice">Price D. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_E._Roberts" title="Lawrence E. Roberts">Lawrence E. Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Roberts" title="George S. Roberts">George S. Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_C._Robinson" title="Curtis C. Robinson">Curtis C. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Edward_Robinson_Jr." title="Isaiah Edward Robinson Jr.">Isaiah Edward Robinson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Rogers_Sr." title="John W. Rogers Sr.">John W. Rogers Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Ross" title="Mac Ross">Mac Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Searcy" title="Robert Searcy">Robert Searcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Showell" title="David Showell">David Showell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmeth_Sidat-Singh" title="Wilmeth Sidat-Singh">Wilmeth Sidat-Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Smith_(pilot)" title="Graham Smith (pilot)">Graham Smith (pilot)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Smith_(aviator)" title="Eugene Smith (aviator)">Eugene Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_J._Spann" title="Calvin J. Spann">Calvin J. Spann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Sport" title="Vernon Sport">Vernon Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Steward" title="Lowell Steward">Lowell Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Stewart,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Stewart, Jr.">Harry Stewart, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Stone" title="Chuck Stone">Charles "Chuck" Stone Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Sutton" title="Percy Sutton">Percy Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Temple" title="Alva Temple">Alva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Terry" title="Roger Terry">Roger Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Theus" title="Lucius Theus">Lucius Theus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Toppins" title="Edward L. Toppins">Edward L. Toppins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Tresville" title="Robert B. Tresville">Robert B. Tresville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Turner" title="Andrew D. Turner">Andrew D. Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alonzo_Walker" title="James Alonzo Walker">James A. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spann_Watson" title="Spann Watson">Spann Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_J._Weathers" title="Luke J. Weathers">Luke J. Weathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_W._White" title="Sherman W. White">Sherman W. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Wiley" title="James T. Wiley">James T. Wiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_Whitfield" title="Mal Whitfield">Malvin "Mal" Whitfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Lawton_Wilkerson" title="Oscar Lawton Wilkerson">Oscar Lawton Wilkerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancey_Williams" title="Yancey Williams">Yancey Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeo_M._Williams" title="Romeo M. Williams">Romeo M. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wise_Jr." title="Henry Wise Jr.">Henry Wise Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleman_Young" title="Coleman Young">Coleman Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Field_mutiny" title="Freeman Field mutiny">Freeman Field mutiny</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">Bell P-39 Airacobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">Curtiss P-40 Warhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">North American B-25 Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">North American P-51 Mustang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republic P-47 Thunderbolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fictional films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tuskegee_Airmen" title="The Tuskegee Airmen">The Tuskegee Airmen</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hart%27s_War" title="Hart's War">Hart's War</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Tails" title="Red Tails">Red Tails</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Red_Tail" title="Flight of the Red Tail">Flight of the Red Tail</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Tail_Reborn" title="Red Tail Reborn">Red Tail Reborn</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wings_for_This_Man" title="Wings for This Man">Wings for This Man</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fly_(play)" title="Fly (play)">Fly</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Browne,_Farmer" title="Henry Browne, Farmer">Henry Browne, Farmer</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wingmen_(The_Boondocks)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wingmen (The Boondocks)">Wingmen</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing%E2%80%93Saab_T-7_Red_Hawk" title="Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk">Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tail_Squadron" title="Red Tail Squadron">Red Tail Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_University" title="Tuskegee University">Tuskegee University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen_National_Historic_Site" title="Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site">Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Edwards_Jr." title="Leslie Edwards Jr.">Leslie Edwards Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_DeFour" title="Wilfred DeFour">Wilfred DeFour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maycie_Herrington" title="Maycie Herrington">Maycie Herrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buford_A._Johnson" title="Buford A. Johnson">Buford A. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ellis_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="Thomas Ellis (Tuskegee Airman)">Thomas Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Johnson_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="Theodore Johnson (Tuskegee Airman)">Theodore Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_F._Parrish" title="Noel F. Parrish">Noel F. Parrish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_P._Reed" title="Wallace P. Reed">Wallace P. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Rogers_(Tuskegee)" title="Willie Rogers (Tuskegee)">Willie Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Franklin_Vaughns" title="Thomas Franklin Vaughns">Thomas Franklin Vaughns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">African American military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldier" title="Buffalo Soldier">Buffalo Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Thirteen" title="Golden Thirteen">Golden Thirteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/366th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="366th Infantry Regiment (United States)">366th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/761st_Tank_Battalion_(United_States)" title="761st Tank Battalion (United States)">U.S. Army Black Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Colored_Troops" title="United States Colored Troops">United States Colored Troops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Category:Tuskegee Airmen">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/16px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/24px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/32px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">aviation portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" 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