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For a list of unorthodox pieces used in chess problems, see <a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy chess piece</a>; for a list of terms used in chess is general, see <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Glossary of chess</a>; for a list of chess-related games, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants" title="List of chess variants">List of chess variants</a>. </p> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:center;"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;"><span id="tocheading" style="font-weight:bold;">Directory: </span></div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a></li> <li><a href="#Notes">Notes</a></li> <li><a href="#References">References</a></li> <li><a href="#External_links">External links</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A">A</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: A"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1228772891">.mw-parser-output .glossary dt{margin-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .glossary dt+dt{margin-top:-0.2em}.mw-parser-output .glossary .templatequote{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:-0.5em}</style> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="actual_play"><dfn>actual play <span class="anchor" id="Actual_play"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>See <i><a href="#post-key_play">post-key play</a></i>.</dd> <dt id="albino"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Albino_(chess)" title="Albino (chess)">Albino</a> <span class="anchor" id="Albino"></span><span class="anchor" id="Albinos"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A <a href="#problem">chess problem</a> theme in which, at some point in the solution, a white pawn on its starting square makes each of its four possible moves (forward one square, forward two squares, capture to the left, capture to the right). If the same behaviour is exhibited by a black pawn, it is a <i><a href="#Pickaninny">Pickaninny</a></i> theme.</dd> <dt id="allumwandlung"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Allumwandlung" title="Allumwandlung">Allumwandlung</a> <span class="anchor" id="Allumwandlung"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A <a href="#problem">chess problem</a> theme in which the solution includes pawn promotions to all possible pieces (in orthodox chess, to bishop, knight, rook and queen; in <a href="#fairy_chess">fairy chess</a>, possibly to <a href="/wiki/Fairy_pieces" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy pieces">fairy pieces</a>).</dd> <dt id="anti-bristol"><dfn>anti-Bristol <span class="anchor" id="Anti-Bristol"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>The interference of one black piece by another like-moving one on the same line (if the pieces are on different lines, it is a <i><a href="#Holzhausen">Holzhausen</a></i>).</dd> <dt id="anticipation"><dfn>anticipation <span class="anchor" id="Anticipation"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>If the <a href="#theme">theme</a> and setting of a particular problem has already appeared in an earlier problem without the knowledge of the later composer, the problem is said to be <i>anticipated</i>. The position does not have to be exactly the same, just very similar. Where this is done deliberately by the later composer, the term <i>plagiarised</i> is used. There is a real chance of anticipation if the problem has a relatively simple theme, since there are only a finite number of positions and themes, and chess problems have been composed for hundreds of years. Anticipations are not always noticed immediately, however.</dd> <dt id="aristocrat"><dfn>aristocrat <span class="anchor" id="Aristocrat"></span><span class="anchor" id="aristocrats"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A problem in which no <a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">pawns</a> are in the initial position.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="B">B</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="babson_task"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Babson_task" title="Babson task">Babson task</a> <span class="anchor" id="Babson_task"></span><span class="anchor" id="Babson_tasks"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A problem in which black promotion defences to all possible pieces are answered by a promotion of the same white piece—an extreme form of <a href="#Allumwandlung">Allumwandlung</a>.</dd> <dt id="battery"><dfn>battery <span class="anchor" id="Battery"></span><span class="anchor" id="batteries"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A pair of pieces, where the front piece moves away to discover an attack from the back piece. For example, if a white knight stands between a white rook and the black king, moving the knight – that is, "firing" the battery – results in check.</dd> <dt id="block"><dfn>block <span class="anchor" id="Block"></span><span class="anchor" id="blocks"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A problem in which the <a href="#key">key</a> provides no <a href="#threat">threat</a>, but instead puts Black in a position of <a href="/wiki/Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">zugzwang</a>, where every move leads to a mate. In a <i>complete block</i>, all of Black's moves have mates provided in the <a href="#set_play">set play</a> and the key is simply a waiting move; in an <i>incomplete block</i>, not all black moves are provided with mates in the set play – the key provides for those that do not; in a <a href="#mutate">mutate</a>, some of the mates provided in the set play are changed following the key.</dd> <dt id="by-play"><dfn>by-play <span class="anchor" id="By-play"></span><span class="anchor" id="by-plays"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Variations not directly connected to the problem's <a href="#theme">theme</a>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="C">C</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="clearance"><dfn>clearance <span class="anchor" id="Clearance"></span><span class="anchor" id="clearances"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>In general, the movement of one piece so that another can move to a particular square. In <i>square vacation</i>, the first piece moves so that the second can occupy the square where it stood. In <i>line vacation</i>, the first piece moves so that the second can pass over the square on which it stood on the way to its destination; <i>line clearance</i>, also known as the <i>Bristol</i>, is a particular type of line vacation in which a piece moves along a line so that another piece can move a shorter distance behind it along the same line.</dd> <dt id="composition"><dfn>composition <span class="anchor" id="Composition"></span><span class="anchor" id="compositions"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A constructed position (as opposed to a position found in a game) serving as a <a href="/wiki/Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">chess problem</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chess_puzzle" title="Chess puzzle">chess puzzle</a>.</dd> <dt id="cook"><dfn>cook <span class="anchor" id="Cook"></span><span class="anchor" id="cooks"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A second <a href="#key">key</a> move, unintended by the composer. A cook is a serious flaw, and invalidates a problem. The publication of cooked problems was once common, but in the modern era computers can be used to check for cooks, and cooked problems are rarely published.</dd> <dt id="cylindrical_board"><dfn>cylindrical board <span class="anchor" id="Cylindrical_board"></span><span class="anchor" id="cylindrical_boards"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A board in which a- and h-files are considered connected (a "vertical cylinder"), or the first and eighth ranks are connected (a "horizontal cylinder"). A combination of the vertical and horizontal cylinders (a <a href="/wiki/Torus" title="Torus">toroidal</a> board) is called an <i>anchor ring</i>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="D">D</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: D"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="directmate"><dfn>directmate <span class="anchor" id="Directmate"></span><span class="anchor" id="directmates"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A type of problem where White, moving first, is required to checkmate Black in a specified number of moves against any defence. Such a problem is usually indicated by the stipulation "mate in two" (or however many moves is necessary) or "checkmate in two". The term <i>directmate</i> distinguishes these sorts of problems from <a href="#helpmate">helpmates</a>, <a href="#selfmate">selfmates</a>, <a href="#reflexmate">reflexmates</a> and others.</dd> <dt id="domination"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Domination_(chess)" title="Domination (chess)">domination</a> <span class="anchor" id="Domination"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>In <a href="/wiki/Study_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Study (chess)">studies</a>, a situation whereby a piece has relatively wide freedom of movement but nevertheless must be lost.</dd> <dt id="doubling"><dfn>doubling <span class="anchor" id="Doubling"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A manoeuvre in which two pieces are placed on the same line (rank, file or diagonal) such that they support each other. Special cases are <a href="#Turton_doubling">Turton doubling</a> and <a href="#Zepler_doubling">Zepler doubling</a>.</dd> <dt id="dual"><dfn>dual <span class="anchor" id="Dual"></span><span class="anchor" id="duals"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Ideally, White should have only one move at each juncture that solves a problem (unless the plan is conceptual such as in the well-known "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1pn5lj13HA&list=PL3NxPgqsWUxdeBRVUuyBvbf1BOaCJ3e2X&index%7C">Trojan Horse Puzzle</a>" study by Ben Schultz).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barring examples such as these, if White has an alternative at any stage but the first move, this is a <i>dual</i>; if multiple winning moves are available at the start, this is a <a href="#cook">cook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A dual is not as serious of a flaw as a cook; and, in minor lines, duals may be permissible (although opinions differ on this point). Some problems make a virtue out of <i>dual avoidance</i>: of two apparently equivalent White moves, only one works.</dd> <dt id="duplex"><dfn>duplex <span class="anchor" id="Duplex"></span><span class="anchor" id="duplexes"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A type of problem in which there are two solutions, the second one reversing the roles of the colours in the first. The most common type is the duplex <a href="#helpmate">helpmate</a>, in which the two solutions are: Black moves first and cooperates with White to be mated; and White moves first and cooperates with Black to be mated.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="E">E</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: E"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="economy"><dfn>economy <span class="anchor" id="Economy"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Economy is generally regarded as a good thing in chess problem composition, though exactly what is meant by it, and exactly what it is most important to be economical with, is open to debate. Economy of material or force (not using more pieces than necessary), economy of space (using the chessboard to its fullest, not cramming all the pieces into one corner) and economy of motivation (keeping all lines in the solution relevant to the <a href="#theme">theme</a>) are all regarded as important.</dd> <dt id="excelsior"><dfn>Excelsior <span class="anchor" id="Excelsior"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A <a href="#problem">chess problem</a> theme in which a pawn on its starting square in the initial position moves the length of the board to be promoted during the course of the solution. Named after one such problem by <a href="/wiki/Sam_Loyd" title="Sam Loyd">Sam Loyd</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Excelsior_(chess_problem)" title="Excelsior (chess problem)">Excelsior (chess problem)</a>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="F">F</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: F"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="fairy_chess"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess" title="Fairy chess">fairy chess</a> <span class="anchor" id="Fairy_chess"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Chess played with non-orthodox rules. Examples are circe, <a href="#maximummer">maximummers</a>, problems with unorthodox pieces (<a href="/wiki/Fairy_pieces" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy pieces">fairy pieces</a>) and problems with unorthodox boards (such as <a href="#cylindrical_board">cylindrical boards</a>, or <a href="#grid_board">grid boards</a>).</dd> <dt id="field"><dfn>field <span class="anchor" id="Field"></span><span class="anchor" id="fields"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>See <i><a href="#king's_field">king's field</a></i>.</dd> <dt id="flight_square"><dfn>flight square <span class="anchor" id="Flight_square"></span><span class="anchor" id="flight_squares"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A square to which a checked king can legally move (that is, one not guarded by an opponent's piece, and not occupied by a friendly piece). If, prior to being checked, the player moves a friendly piece to a potential flight square and thereby decreases the king's mobility, it is a <i>self-block</i>. Similarly, if a player moves a friendly piece out of a potential flight square prior to check, it is <i>square vacation</i>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="G">G</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: G"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="grid_board"><dfn>grid board <span class="anchor" id="Grid_board"></span><span class="anchor" id="grid-board"></span><span class="anchor" id="Grid-board"></span><span class="anchor" id="grid_boards"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A kind of board used in <a href="#fairy_chess">fairy chess</a> that is divided into a grid of sixteen 2×2 squares. For a move to be legal, the moving piece must pass over at least one of these grid lines. See also <a href="/wiki/Grid_chess" title="Grid chess">Grid chess</a>.</dd> <dt id="grimshaw"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Grimshaw_(chess)" title="Grimshaw (chess)">Grimshaw</a> <span class="anchor" id="Grimshaw"></span><span class="anchor" id="Grimshaws"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A common device featuring two black pieces mutually interfering with each other on a single square.</dd> <dt id="grotesque"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Grotesque_(chess)" title="Grotesque (chess)">grotesque</a> <span class="anchor" id="Grotesque"></span><span class="anchor" id="grotesques"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A problem or study with an especially unnatural initial position, particularly one with large amounts of material or with a large material disparity between the sides.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="H">H</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: H"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="heavy"><dfn>heavy <span class="anchor" id="Heavy"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Adjective applied to a problem with a relatively large number of pieces in the initial position. Heaviness should be avoided where possible, in the interests of <a href="#economy">economy</a>. Antonym: <i><a href="#light">light</a></i>.</dd> <dt id="helpmate"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Helpmate" title="Helpmate">helpmate</a> <span class="anchor" id="Helpmate"></span><span class="anchor" id="helpmates"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A type of problem where White and Black cooperate to put Black in mate within a specified number of moves. Unless otherwise specified, Black moves first in helpmates. See also <i><a href="#duplex">duplex</a></i>.</dd> <dt id="holzhausen"><dfn>Holzhausen <span class="anchor" id="Holzhausen"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>The interference of one black piece by another like-moving one on a different line (if the pieces are on the same line, it is an <i><a href="#Anti-Bristol">anti-Bristol</a></i>).</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I">I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="ideal_mate"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Ideal_mate" title="Ideal mate">ideal mate</a> <span class="anchor" id="Ideal_mate"></span><span class="anchor" id="ideal_mates"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A <a href="#pure_mate">pure mate</a> in which all units of both colours take part in the mate.</dd> <dt id="illegal_position"><dfn>illegal position <span class="anchor" id="Illegal_position"></span><span class="anchor" id="illegal_positions"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A position that is impossible to reach in a game by any sequence of legal moves.</dd> <dt id="interference"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Interference_(chess)" title="Interference (chess)">interference</a> <span class="anchor" id="Interference"></span><span class="anchor" id="interferences"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>The closure of the line of one piece by a second piece, thus limiting its movement and cutting it off from certain squares. Various names are given to particular types of interference, among them <i><a href="#Grimshaw">Grimshaw</a></i>, <i><a href="#Novotny">Novotny</a></i>, <i><a href="#Anti-Bristol">anti-Bristol</a></i>, <i><a href="#Holzhausen">Holzhausen</a></i>, <i><a href="#Würzburg–Plachutta">Würzburg–Plachutta</a></i> and <i><a href="#Plachutta">Plachutta</a></i>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="K">K</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: K"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="key"><dfn>key <span class="anchor" id="Key"></span><span class="anchor" id="key_move"></span><span class="anchor" id="keys"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>The first move of a solution. A problem that, unintentionally, has more than one key is said to be <i><a href="#cook">cooked</a></i>.</dd> <dt id="king's_field"><dfn>king's field <span class="anchor" id="King's_field"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>The set of squares—horizontal, vertical and diagonal—adjacent to the square occupied by a king.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The squares to which the king might ordinarily move, unless attacked by enemy pieces. Inspection of the field is important in both problems and real gameplay to evaluate threats, and to confirm checkmate.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L">L</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: L"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="lacny"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Lacny" title="Lacny">Lacny</a> <span class="anchor" id="Lacny"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A theme in which defences a, b and c are answered by the continuations A, B and C respectively in one <a href="#phase">phase of play</a> and by B, C and A respectively in another.</dd> <dt id="light"><dfn>light <span class="anchor" id="Light"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Adjective applied to a problem with a relatively small number of pieces in the initial position. Lightness is usually desirable in the interests of <a href="#economy">economy</a>. Antonym: <i><a href="#heavy">heavy</a></i>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="M">M</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: M"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="maximummer"><dfn>maximummer <span class="anchor" id="Maximummer"></span><span class="anchor" id="maximummers"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A problem in which Black must make the geometrically longest moves available to them, as measured from square-centre to square-centre. If two or more longest moves of equal length are available, Black may choose between them. This stipulation is most often attached to <a href="#selfmate">selfmates</a>.</dd> <dt id="meredith"><dfn>meredith <span class="anchor" id="Meredith"></span><span class="anchor" id="merediths"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A problem with no less than eight and no more than twelve pieces on the board in the starting position. A problem with less than eight pieces is a <i><a href="#miniature">miniature</a></i>.</dd> <dt id="miniature"><dfn>miniature <span class="anchor" id="Miniature"></span><span class="anchor" id="miniatures"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A problem with no more than seven pieces on the board in the initial position.</dd> <dt id="model_mate"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Model_mate" title="Model mate">model mate</a> <span class="anchor" id="Model_mate"></span><span class="anchor" id="model_mates"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A <a href="#pure_mate">pure mate</a> in which all white units, with the possible exception of king and pawns, are involved in the mate. A particular feature of problems by members of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohemian_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohemian School (page does not exist)">Bohemian School</a>.</dd> <dt id="more-mover"><dfn>more-mover <span class="anchor" id="More-mover"></span><span class="anchor" id="more-movers"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A <a href="#directmate">directmate</a> with the stipulation "White to move and checkmate Black in no more than <i>n</i> moves against any defence" where n is greater than 3. In composition tourneys, there are often separate classes for more-movers, <a href="#two-mover">two-movers</a> and <a href="#three-mover">three-movers</a> (as well as classes for <a href="#helpmate">helpmates</a>, <a href="#selfmate">selfmates</a> and others).</dd> <dt id="motif"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Motif_(chess_composition)" title="Motif (chess composition)">motif</a> <span class="anchor" id="Motif"></span><span class="anchor" id="motifs"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>An element of a move in the consideration why the piece moves and how it supports the fulfillment of the problem stipulation.</dd> <dt id="mutate"><dfn>mutate <span class="anchor" id="Mutate"></span><span class="anchor" id="mutates"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A type of <a href="#block">block</a> problem in which at least one mate in the <a href="#set_play">set play</a> is changed following the <a href="#key">key</a>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="N">N</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: N"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="novotny"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Novotny_(chess)" title="Novotny (chess)">Novotny</a> <span class="anchor" id="Novotny"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A sacrificed white piece can be taken by two differently moving black pieces—whichever piece makes the capture, it interferes with the other. Essentially a <a href="#Grimshaw">Grimshaw</a> brought about by a white sacrifice on the critical square.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="O">O</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: O"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="obtrusive_piece"><dfn>obtrusive piece <span class="anchor" id="Obtrusive_piece"></span><span class="anchor" id="obtrusive_pieces"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A piece in a chess problem that is legally placed and could only have been created through promotion. It does not include pieces promoted after the initial problem position.</dd> <dt id="orthochess"><dfn>orthochess <span class="anchor" id="Orthochess"></span><span class="anchor" id="ortho-chess"></span><span class="anchor" id="Ortho-chess"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Synonym for <i><a href="#orthodox_chess">orthodox chess</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt id="orthodox_chess"><dfn>orthodox chess <span class="anchor" id="Orthodox_chess"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Chess according to <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a>'s <i>The Official Laws of Chess</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> see <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess" title="Rules of chess">Rules of chess</a>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="P">P</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: P"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="phase"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Phase_of_play" title="Phase of play">phase</a> <span class="anchor" id="Phase"></span><span class="anchor" id="phase_of_play"></span><span class="anchor" id="Phase_of_play"></span><span class="anchor" id="phases"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>After the <a href="#key">key</a>, after <a href="#try">tries</a> and <a href="#set_play">set play</a> each constitutes a <i>phase of play</i>. A problem with set play is said to have two phases (the set play being one phase, the <a href="#post-key_play">post-key play</a> being another); a problem with three tries would be a four-phase problem (each try being one phase, with the post-key play the fourth). Plays in different phases sometimes relate to each other.</dd> <dt id="pickaninny"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Pickaninny_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickaninny (chess)">Pickaninny</a> <span class="anchor" id="Pickaninny"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A <a href="#problem">chess problem</a> theme in which, at some point in the solution, a black pawn on its starting square makes each of its four possible moves (forward one square, forward two squares, capture to the left and capture to the right). If the same behaviour is exhibited by a white pawn, it is an <i><a href="#Albino">Albino</a></i>. (The <a href="/wiki/Pickaninny" title="Pickaninny">term</a>, which derives from an archaic reference to small black children, has a derogatory meaning in modern <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>.)</dd> <dt id="plachutta"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Plachutta" title="Plachutta">Plachutta</a> <span class="anchor" id="Plachutta"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A theme in which a sacrificed white piece can be taken by two similarly moving black pieces, but whichever piece makes the capture, it interferes with the other. Essentially a pair of <a href="#Holzhausen">Holzhausen</a> interferences (or a <a href="#Würzburg–Plachutta">Würzburg–Plachutta</a> interference) brought about by a white sacrifice on the critical square.</dd> <dt id="post-key_play"><dfn>post-key play <span class="anchor" id="Post-key_play"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>The play following the <a href="#key">key</a>, that is, the lines of play that fulfill the stipulation of the problem. This is opposed to <a href="#set_play">set play</a> and <a href="#virtual_play">virtual play</a> (both of which may also be important elements in the attractiveness of a problem).</dd> <dt id="problem"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">problem</a> <span class="anchor" id="Problem"></span><span class="anchor" id="chess_problem"></span><span class="anchor" id="problems"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Together with <a href="/wiki/Chess_study" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess study">chess study</a> is part of a chess <a href="#composition">composition</a>.</dd> <dt id="proof_game"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Proof_game" title="Proof game">proof game</a> <span class="anchor" id="Proof_game"></span><span class="anchor" id="proof_games"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A type of problem in which the job of the solver is to construct a game of a given number of moves in which the final position is the one given by the composer. A kind of <a href="#retrograde_analysis">retrograde analysis</a>.</dd> <dt id="pure_mate"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Pure_mate" title="Pure mate">pure mate</a> <span class="anchor" id="Pure_mate"></span><span class="anchor" id="pure_mates"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A mating position in which each of the king’s potential moves to an adjacent square is prevented in exactly one way: either occupied by a friendly man or attacked by a single hostile man, but not both (unless such an attacking man is pinning a friendly man to the king to prevent it from interposing to block the check).</dd> <dt id="puzzle"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Chess_puzzle" title="Chess puzzle">puzzle</a> <span class="anchor" id="Puzzle"></span><span class="anchor" id="chess_puzzle"></span><span class="anchor" id="puzzles"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Synonym for <i><a href="#composition">composition</a></i>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="R">R</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: R"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="reflexmate"><dfn>reflexmate <span class="anchor" id="Reflexmate"></span><span class="anchor" id="reflexmates"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A <a href="#selfmate">selfmate</a> in which both sides must deliver checkmate if they are able to do when it is their move. A problem where this stipulation applies only to Black is a <i>semi-reflexmate</i>.</dd> <dt id="retrograde_analysis"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Retrograde_analysis" title="Retrograde analysis">retrograde analysis</a> <span class="anchor" id="Retrograde_analysis"></span><span class="anchor" id="retroanalysis"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Or <b>retroanalysis</b>. Deduction of the move or moves leading up to a given position. A problem may be completely made up of retrograde analysis (as in a <a href="#proof_game">proof game</a>, or a problem in which the task is to determine Black's last move, for example), or it may be a part of some larger problem (for example, it may be necessary to determine that Black has moved their king leading up to a given position, meaning they are unable to castle, and thus rendering correct a solution that otherwise would be incorrect).</dd> <dt id="round_trip"><dfn>round trip <span class="anchor" id="Round_trip"></span><span class="anchor" id="round_trips"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A piece leaves a square, and then later in the solution returns to it by a circuitous route (for example, a rook moves e3–g3–g5–e5–e3). Cf. <i><a href="#switchback">switchback</a></i>, in which the route taken to the original square is direct.</dd> <dt id="royal_piece"><dfn>royal piece <span class="anchor" id="Royal_piece"></span><span class="anchor" id="royal_pieces"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>In the context of chess variants, a piece subject to <a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">check</a> and <a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">checkmate</a>, as the king is in orthodox chess.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any piece can be royal; a royal piece moves according to its piece type.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variants in which kings are not royal may allow <a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">promotion</a> to a king and disallow <a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">castling</a>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="S">S</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: S"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="s"><dfn>S <span class="anchor" id="S"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>In <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_chess_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="Algebraic chess notation">algebraic chess notation</a>, the letter <i>N</i> is used to indicate the knight. In chess problems, however, the letter <i>S</i> (representing Springer, German for "knight") is often used instead, while N is reserved for the <a href="/wiki/Nightrider_(chess)" title="Nightrider (chess)">nightrider</a>, a popular <a href="/wiki/Fairy_piece" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy piece">fairy piece</a>.</dd> <dt id="selfmate"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Selfmate" title="Selfmate">selfmate</a> <span class="anchor" id="Selfmate"></span><span class="anchor" id="selfmates"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A type of problem where White forces Black to mate them against Black's will within a specified number of moves.</dd> <dt id="seriesmover"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Seriesmover" title="Seriesmover">seriesmover</a> <span class="anchor" id="Seriesmover"></span><span class="anchor" id="seriesmovers"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A problem in which one side makes a series of moves without reply.</dd> <dt id="set_play"><dfn>set play <span class="anchor" id="Set_play"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Play that is possible from the initial position of a problem if the other player moves first. For example, in a <a href="#directmate">directmate</a>, <i>set play</i> consists of lines of play starting with a Black move (rather than a White move). When set play exists, the <a href="#key">key</a> move may be something that does not change the set play lines, in which case the problem is a complete <a href="#block">block</a>, or the lines in the set play may change, in which case the problem is a <a href="#mutate">mutate</a>. Set play is one <a href="#phase">phase of play</a>.</dd> <dt id="solus_rex"><dfn>solus rex <span class="anchor" id="Solus_rex"></span><span class="anchor" id="rex_solus"></span><span class="anchor" id="Rex_solus"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Or <b>rex solus</b>. When either colour (though usually Black) has only their king left.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is derived from Latin and literally means "lone king".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt id="switchback"><dfn>switchback <span class="anchor" id="Switchback"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A piece leaves a square, and then later in the solution returns to it by the same route (for example, a rook moves e3–e5–e3). Cf. <i><a href="#round_trip">round trip</a></i>, in which the route taken back to the original square is circuitous.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="T">T</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="task"><dfn>task <span class="anchor" id="Task"></span><span class="anchor" id="tasks"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Chess problem or study with a record content or with highly unusual, bizarre <a href="#theme">theme</a>, e.g., <a href="#Babson_task">Babson task</a> or Valladao task.</dd> <dt id="theme"><dfn>theme <span class="anchor" id="Theme"></span><span class="anchor" id="themes"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>The underlying idea of a problem, which gives it logic, coherence and beauty.</dd> <dt id="threat"><dfn>threat <span class="anchor" id="Threat"></span><span class="anchor" id="threats"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A move or variation that White plays (usually following their <a href="#key">key</a>) if Black does nothing to defend against it. Problems with no threats following the key are <a href="#block">blocks</a>.</dd> <dt id="three-mover"><dfn>three-mover <span class="anchor" id="Three-mover"></span><span class="anchor" id="three-movers"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A problem with the stipulation "White to move and checkmate Black in no more than three moves against any defence". In composition tourneys, there are often separate classes for three-movers, <a href="#two-mover">two-movers</a> and <a href="#more-mover">more-movers</a> (as well as classes for <a href="#helpmate">helpmates</a>, <a href="#selfmate">selfmates</a> and others).</dd> <dt id="try"><dfn>try <span class="anchor" id="Try"></span><span class="anchor" id="tries"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A move that almost solves a problem, but is defeated by a single Black defence, as opposed to the <a href="#key">key</a> (which actually does solve the problem). Variations after tries are called <i><a href="#virtual_play">virtual plays</a></i> and may be an important part of what makes some problems pleasing.</dd> <dt id="turton_doubling"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Turton_doubling" title="Turton doubling">Turton doubling</a> <span class="anchor" id="Turton_doubling"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A kind of <a href="#doubling">doubling</a> in which one piece moves along a line allowing a second to move onto the same line in front of it; this second piece then moves in the opposite direction to the first. Named after <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Turton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Turton (page does not exist)">Henry Turton</a>. Cf. <i><a href="#Zepler_doubling">Zepler doubling</a></i>.</dd> <dt id="twin"><dfn>twin <span class="anchor" id="Twin"></span><span class="anchor" id="twins"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Two or more problems that are slight variations on each other, often composed by the same person. The variation is usually brought about by adding, removing or moving a piece in the initial setup.</dd> <dt id="two-mover"><dfn>two-mover <span class="anchor" id="Two-mover"></span><span class="anchor" id="two-movers"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A problem with the stipulation "White to move and checkmate Black in two moves against any defence". In composition tourneys, there are often separate classes for two-movers, <a href="#three-mover">three-movers</a> and <a href="#more-mover">more-movers</a> (as well as classes for <a href="#helpmate">helpmates</a>, <a href="#selfmate">selfmates</a> and others).</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U">U</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: U"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="unblock"><dfn>unblock <span class="anchor" id="Unblock"></span><span class="anchor" id="unblocks"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>To create a <a href="#Field">flight square</a>, or a move that creates a flight square.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt id="uncapture"><dfn>uncapture <span class="anchor" id="Uncapture"></span><span class="anchor" id="uncaptures"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>To reverse a capture, or a move that reverses a capture. Used in describing <a href="#retrograde_analysis">retrograde analysis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="V">V</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: V"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="version"><dfn>version <span class="anchor" id="Version"></span><span class="anchor" id="versions"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Said of a problem that is an adaptation of an earlier one (it may have been altered to improve its <a href="#economy">economy</a> or to eliminate a <a href="#cook">cook</a>).</dd> <dt id="virtual_play"><dfn>virtual play <span class="anchor" id="Virtual_play"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>The play following a <a href="#try">try</a>, as opposed to <i><a href="#set_play">set play</a></i> and <i><a href="#post-key_play">post-key play</a></i>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="W">W</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: W"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="würzburg–plachutta"><dfn>Würzburg–Plachutta <span class="anchor" id="Würzburg–Plachutta"></span><span class="anchor" id="Wurzburg–Plachutta"></span><span class="anchor" id="Wuerzburg–Plachutta"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>Mutual interference between two like-moving black pieces on different lines; essentially a pair of <a href="#Holzhausen">Holzhausen</a> interferences where piece A interferes with pieces B in one variation, and piece B interferes with piece A in another. If the interference is brought about by a white sacrifice on the critical square, it is a <a href="#Plachutta">Plachutta</a>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Z">Z</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Z"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228772891"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="zepler_doubling"><dfn><a href="/wiki/Zepler_doubling" title="Zepler doubling">Zepler doubling</a> <span class="anchor" id="Zepler_doubling"></span></dfn></dt> <dd>A kind of <a href="#doubling">doubling</a> in which one piece moves along a line allowing a second to move onto the same line behind it; the first piece then moves again in the same direction as before. Named after <a href="/wiki/Erich_Zepler" title="Erich Zepler">Erich Zepler</a>. Cf. <i><a href="#Turton_doubling">Turton doubling</a></i>.</dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1pn5lj13HA&list=PL3NxPgqsWUxdeBRVUuyBvbf1BOaCJ3e2X&index">"A Viewer Tricked Me with This Puzzle"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=A+Viewer+Tricked+Me+with+This+Puzzle&rft.date=2022-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DC1pn5lj13HA%26list%3DPL3NxPgqsWUxdeBRVUuyBvbf1BOaCJ3e2X%26index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+chess+problems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheng2019" class="citation book cs1">Cheng, Ray (2019). <i>Practical Chess Exercises</i>. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+Chess+Exercises&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+chess+problems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooperWhyld1996" class="citation book cs1">Hooper, David Vincent; Whyld, Lenneth (1996). <i>The Oxford Companion to Chess</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Chess&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=David+Vincent&rft.au=Whyld%2C+Lenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+chess+problems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hooper & Whyld (1996), p. 201. <i>king's field</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pritchard (2007), p. 242. <i>Orthochess</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hooper & Whyld (1996), p. 285. <i>orthodox chess</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hooper & Whyld (1996), p. 346. <i>royal piece</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dickins (1971), p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.harvard.edu/~elkies/FS23j.03/">Freshman Seminar 23j: Chess and Mathematics (Fall 2003)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070914010116/http://beta.uschess.org/frontend/news_7_184.php">"The United States Chess Federation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beta.uschess.org/frontend/news_7_184.php">the original</a> on 2007-09-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Chess+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeta.uschess.org%2Ffrontend%2Fnews_7_184.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+chess+problems" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hooper & Whyld (1996), pp. 435–36. <i>unblock</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hooper & Whyld (1996), p. 436. <i>uncapture</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickins1971" class="citation book cs1">Dickins, Anthony (1971) [Corrected repub. of 1969 2nd ed., The Q Press, Richmond, Surrey, England]. <i>A Guide to Fairy Chess</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a> Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-22687-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-22687-5"><bdi>0-486-22687-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Fairy+Chess&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications+Inc&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-486-22687-5&rft.aulast=Dickins&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+chess+problems" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooperWhyld1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Vincent_Hooper" title="David Vincent Hooper">Hooper, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Whyld" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Whyld">Whyld, Kenneth</a> (1996) [First pub. 1992]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess">The Oxford Companion to Chess</a></i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280049-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280049-3"><bdi>0-19-280049-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Chess&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-19-280049-3&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Whyld%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+chess+problems" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritchard2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Pritchard_(chess_player)" title="David Pritchard (chess player)">Pritchard, D. B.</a> (2007). Beasley, John (ed.). <i>The Classified Encyclopedia of Chess Variants</i>. John Beasley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9555168-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9555168-0-1"><bdi>978-0-9555168-0-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Classified+Encyclopedia+of+Chess+Variants&rft.pub=John+Beasley&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-9555168-0-1&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=D.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+chess+problems" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRice1996" class="citation book cs1">Rice, John (1996). <i>Chess Wizardry: The New ABC of Chess Problems</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Anova_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Anova Books">B.T. Batsford Ltd</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chess+Wizardry%3A+The+New+ABC+of+Chess+Problems&rft.place=London&rft.pub=B.T.+Batsford+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+chess+problems" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_chess_problems&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011030053425/http://www.multimania.com/cpoisson/problemesis/">Problemesis</a> contains a glossary and list of themes</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Glossary of computer chess terms">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_chess_matches" title="Human–computer chess matches">matches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_software" title="List of chess software">software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_chess" title="Correspondence chess">Correspondence chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_chess" title="Online chess">Online chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premove" title="Premove">Premove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_chess_server" title="Internet chess server">Internet chess server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_chess_servers" title="List of Internet chess servers">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_rating_system" title="Chess rating system">Rating system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_world_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="FIDE world rankings">world rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_(chess)" title="Norm (chess)">norms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_variant" title="Chess variant">Variants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants" title="List of chess variants">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_chess" title="List of world records in chess">World records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_equipment" title="Chess equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_set" title="Chess set">Chess set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chessboard" title="Chessboard">chessboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_chess_set" title="Dubrovnik chess set">Dubrovnik chess set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton chess set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">Chess pieces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_clock" title="Chess clock">Chess clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_table" title="Chess table">Chess table</a></li> <li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#score_sheets" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § Score sheets" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Score sheets</span></a></dfn></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_chess" title="History of chess">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chess" title="Timeline of chess">Timeline</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Versus_de_scachis" title="Versus de scachis">Versus de scachis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_manuscript" title="Göttingen manuscript">Göttingen manuscript</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne_chessmen" title="Charlemagne chessmen">Charlemagne chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_chess" title="Romantic chess">Romantic chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(chess)" title="Hypermodernism (chess)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_chess_school" title="Soviet chess school">Soviet chess school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_top_chess_players_throughout_history" title="Comparison of top chess players throughout history">Top player comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_chess" title="Geography of chess">Geography of chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Africa" title="Chess in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_South_Africa" title="Chess in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_China" title="Chess in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Europe" title="Chess in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Armenia" title="Chess in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Spain" title="Chess in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_India" title="Chess in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_games" title="List of chess games">Notable games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_players" title="List of chess players">List of chess players</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amateur_chess_players" title="List of amateur chess players">amateurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_chess_players" title="List of female chess players">female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_grandmasters" title="List of chess grandmasters">grandmasters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_chess" title="Women in chess">Women in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_museums" title="Category:Chess museums">Chess museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer_Center" title="Bobby Fischer Center">Bobby Fischer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kyay_Association_Chess_Museum" title="Gökyay Association Chess Museum">Gökyay Association Chess Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Chess Hall of Fame">World Chess Hall of Fame</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess" title="Rules of chess">Rules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">Castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_chess" title="Cheating in chess">Cheating in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">Checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">Draw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">by agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifty-move_rule" title="Fifty-move rule">Fifty-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_check" title="Perpetual check">Perpetual check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalemate" title="Stalemate">Stalemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_repetition" title="Threefold repetition">Threefold repetition</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/En_passant" title="En passant">En passant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">Pawn promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_control" title="Time control">Time control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_chess" title="Fast chess">Fast chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch-move_rule" title="Touch-move rule">Touch-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_and_Black_in_chess" title="White and Black in chess">White and Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blunder_(chess)" title="Blunder (chess)">Blunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_notation" title="Chess notation">Chess notation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_notation_(chess)" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">algebraic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descriptive_notation" title="Descriptive notation">descriptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Game_Notation" title="Portable Game Notation">PGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_annotation_symbols" title="Chess annotation symbols">annotation symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">symbols in Unicode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianchetto" title="Fianchetto">Fianchetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambit" title="Gambit">Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_square" title="Key square">Key square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_walk" title="King walk">King walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_file" title="Open file">Open file</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-open_file" title="Half-open file">Half-open file</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(chess)" title="Outpost (chess)">Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backward_pawn" title="Backward pawn">backward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_pawns" title="Connected pawns">connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubled_pawns" title="Doubled pawns">doubled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">isolated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_pawn" title="Passed pawn">passed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindle_(chess)" title="Swindle (chess)">Swindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(chess)" title="Tempo (chess)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposition_(chess)" title="Transposition (chess)">Transposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_traps" title="List of chess traps">Trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tactic" title="Chess tactic">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling#Artificial_castling" title="Castling">Artificial castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_(chess)" title="Battery (chess)">Battery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_gun" title="Alekhine's gun">Alekhine's gun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(chess)" title="Block (chess)">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate_pattern" title="Checkmate pattern">Checkmate patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_(chess)" title="Combination (chess)">Combination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoy_(chess)" title="Decoy (chess)">Decoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflection_(chess)" title="Deflection (chess)">Deflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desperado_(chess)" title="Desperado (chess)">Desperado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovered_attack" title="Discovered attack">Discovered attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_check" title="Double check">Double check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(chess)" title="Fork (chess)">Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(chess)" title="Interference (chess)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overloading_(chess)" title="Overloading (chess)">Overloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_storm" title="Pawn storm">Pawn storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(chess)" title="Pin (chess)">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(chess)" title="Sacrifice (chess)">Sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_sacrifice" title="Queen sacrifice">Queen sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skewer_(chess)" title="Skewer (chess)">Skewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undermining_(chess)" title="Undermining (chess)">Undermining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_(chess)" title="Windmill (chess)">Windmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_(chess)" title="X-ray (chess)">X-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwischenzug" title="Zwischenzug">Zwischenzug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_strategy" title="Chess strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compensation_(chess)" title="Compensation (chess)">Compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(chess)" title="Exchange (chess)">Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_exchange_(chess)" title="The exchange (chess)">the exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_(chess)" title="Initiative (chess)">Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-move_advantage_in_chess" title="First-move advantage in chess">first-move advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_middlegame" title="Chess middlegame">Middlegame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_structure" title="Pawn structure">Pawn structure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedgehog_(chess)" title="Hedgehog (chess)">Hedgehog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">Isolated Queen's Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%B3czy_Bind" title="Maróczy Bind">Maróczy Bind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_attack" title="Minority attack">Minority attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Piece values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophylaxis_(chess)" title="Prophylaxis (chess)">Prophylaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_chess" title="School of chess">School of chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening" title="Chess opening">Openings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flank_opening" title="Flank opening">Flank opening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Fianchetto_Opening" title="King's Fianchetto Opening">Benko Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Opening" title="Bird's Opening">Bird's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunst_Opening" title="Dunst Opening">Dunst Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Opening" title="English Opening">English Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grob%27s_Attack" title="Grob's Attack">Grob's Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larsen%27s_Opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Larsen's Opening">Larsen's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zukertort_Opening" title="Zukertort Opening">Zukertort Opening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Attack" title="King's Indian Attack">King's Indian Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ti_Opening" title="Réti Opening">Réti Opening</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Pawn_Game" title="King's Pawn Game">King's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_Defence" title="Alekhine's Defence">Alekhine's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro%E2%80%93Kann_Defence" title="Caro–Kann Defence">Caro–Kann Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Defence" title="French Defence">French Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Defense" title="Modern Defense">Modern Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzowitsch_Defence" title="Nimzowitsch Defence">Nimzowitsch Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Game" title="Open Game">Open Game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Knights_Game" title="Four Knights Game">Four Knights Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuoco_Piano" title="Giuoco Piano">Giuoco Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Game" title="Italian Game">Italian Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Gambit" title="King's Gambit">King's Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov%27s_Defence" title="Petrov's Defence">Petrov's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_Defence" title="Philidor Defence">Philidor Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponziani_Opening" title="Ponziani Opening">Ponziani Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_Lopez" title="Ruy Lopez">Ruy Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Italian_Opening" title="Semi-Italian Opening">Semi-Italian Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Game" title="Scotch Game">Scotch Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Knights_Defense" title="Two Knights Defense">Two Knights Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Game" title="Vienna Game">Vienna Game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen%27s_Defence" title="Owen's Defence">Owen's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence" title="Pirc Defence">Pirc Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence,_Austrian_Attack" title="Pirc Defence, Austrian Attack">Austrian Attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Defense" title="Scandinavian Defense">Scandinavian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence" title="Sicilian Defence">Sicilian Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Alapin_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Alapin Variation">Alapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Dragon_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation">Dragon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Accelerated_Dragon" title="Sicilian Defence, Accelerated Dragon">Accelerated Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Najdorf_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation">Najdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Scheveningen_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation">Scheveningen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Pawn_Game" title="Queen's Pawn Game">Queen's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Gambit" title="Budapest Gambit">Budapest Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colle_System" title="Colle System">Colle System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Defence" title="Dutch Defence">Dutch Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence" title="English Defence">English Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Defence" title="Indian Defence">Indian Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benoni_Defense" title="Benoni Defense">Benoni Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Benoni" title="Modern Benoni">Modern Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogo-Indian_Defence" title="Bogo-Indian Defence">Bogo-Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Opening" title="Catalan Opening">Catalan Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Defence" title="Grünfeld Defence">Grünfeld Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Defence" title="King's Indian Defence">King's Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzo-Indian_Defence" title="Nimzo-Indian Defence">Nimzo-Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Indian_Defense" title="Old Indian Defense">Old Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Indian_Defense" title="Queen's Indian Defense">Queen's Indian Defence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_System" title="London System">London System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richter%E2%80%93Veresov_Attack" title="Richter–Veresov Attack">Richter–Veresov Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit" title="Queen's Gambit">Queen's Gambit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Accepted" title="Queen's Gambit Accepted">Accepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Declined" title="Queen's Gambit Declined">Declined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slav_Defense" title="Slav Defense">Slav Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Slav_Defense" title="Semi-Slav Defense">Semi-Slav Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigorin_Defense" title="Chigorin Defense">Chigorin Defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_Attack" title="Torre Attack">Torre Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompowsky_Attack" title="Trompowsky Attack">Trompowsky Attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_openings" title="List of chess openings">List of openings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_theory_table" title="Chess opening theory table">theory table</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_gambits" title="List of chess gambits">List of chess gambits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_chess_opening" title="Irregular chess opening">Irregular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongcloud_Attack" title="Bongcloud Attack">Bongcloud Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_mate" title="Fool's mate">Fool's mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholar%27s_mate" title="Scholar's mate">Scholar's mate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">Endgames</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_and_knight_checkmate" title="Bishop and knight checkmate">Bishop and knight checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_pawn_versus_king_endgame" title="King and pawn versus king endgame">King and pawn vs king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposite-colored_bishops_endgame" title="Opposite-colored bishops endgame">Opposite-coloured bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnless_chess_endgame" title="Pawnless chess endgame">Pawnless endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_and_pawn_versus_queen_endgame" title="Queen and pawn versus queen endgame">Queen and pawn vs queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_pawn_endgame" title="Queen versus pawn endgame">Queen vs pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_rook_endgame" title="Queen versus rook endgame">Queen vs rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_bishop_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and bishop versus rook endgame">Rook and bishop vs rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_pawn_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and pawn versus rook endgame">Rook and pawn vs rook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucena_position" title="Lucena position">Lucena position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_position" title="Philidor position">Philidor position</a></li></ul></li> <li>Strategy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_(chess)" title="Fortress (chess)">fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(chess)" title="Opposition (chess)">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrasch_rule" title="Tarrasch rule">Tarrasch rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(chess)" title="Triangulation (chess)">triangulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">Zugzwang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_study" title="Endgame study">Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_tablebase" title="Endgame tablebase">Tablebase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_knights_endgame" title="Two knights endgame">Two knights endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_bishop" title="Wrong bishop">Wrong bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_rook_pawn" title="Wrong rook pawn">Wrong rook pawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tournament" title="Chess tournament">Tournaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_strong_chess_tournaments" title="List of strong chess tournaments">List of strong chess tournaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_Olympiad" title="Chess Olympiad">Chess Olympiad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Chess_Olympiad" title="Women's Chess Olympiad">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship" title="World Chess Championship">World Chess Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Chess_Championships" title="List of World Chess Championships">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_World_Cup" title="Chess World Cup">Chess World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_Grand_Prix" title="FIDE Grand Prix">FIDE Grand Prix</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other world championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_World_Chess_Championship" title="Women's World Chess Championship">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Team_Chess_Championship" title="World Team Chess Championship">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rapid_Chess_Championship" title="World Rapid Chess Championship">Rapid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Blitz_Chess_Championship" title="World Blitz Chess Championship">Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Chess_Championship" title="World Junior Chess Championship">Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship" title="World Youth Chess Championship">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Chess_Championship" title="World Senior Chess Championship">Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Amateur_Chess_Championship" title="World Amateur Chess Championship">Amateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Championship_of_Chess_Composition" title="World Championship of Chess Composition">Chess composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Solving_Championship" title="World Chess Solving Championship">Solving</a></li></ul></li> <li>Computer chess championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess.com_Computer_Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess.com Computer Chess Championship">CCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Open_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="Dutch Open Computer Chess Championship">CSVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="North American Computer Chess Championship">North American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Chess_Engine_Championship" title="Top Chess Engine Championship">TCEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Chess Championship">WCCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Speed_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Speed Chess Championship">WCSCC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFssa" title="Caïssa">Caïssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_aesthetics" title="Chess aesthetics">Chess aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts" title="Chess in the arts">Chess in the arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_early_literature" title="Chess in early literature">early literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_chess" title="Category:Films about chess">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_about_chess" title="Category:Novels about chess">novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_paintings" title="Category:Chess paintings">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poems_about_chess" title="Category:Poems about chess">poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_stories_about_chess" title="Category:Short stories about chess">short stories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_books" title="List of chess books">Chess books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_book" title="Chess opening book">opening books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame_literature" title="Chess endgame literature">endgame literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess"><i>Oxford Companion</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_libraries" title="Chess libraries">Chess libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_columns_in_newspapers" title="Chess columns in newspapers">Chess newspaper columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_periodicals" title="List of chess periodicals">Chess periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbiter_(chess)" title="Arbiter (chess)">Arbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_boxing" title="Chess boxing">Chess boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_club" title="Chess club">Chess club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_composer" title="Chess composer">Chess composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">Chess engine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaZero" title="AlphaZero">AlphaZero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Blue (chess computer)">Deep Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Chess_Zero" title="Leela Chess Zero">Leela Chess Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockfish_(chess)" title="Stockfish (chess)">Stockfish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">Chess problem</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke_chess_problem" title="Joke chess problem">joke chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_prodigy" title="Chess prodigy">Chess prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_exhibition" title="Simultaneous exhibition">Simultaneous exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solving_chess" 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