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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Pinos_Altos&params=32.86726_N_108.2198_W_region:US-NM"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°52′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">108°13′11″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.86726°N 108.21980°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.86726; -108.21980</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1861 attack during the Apache Wars in Arizona</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Pinos Altos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wars" title="Apache Wars">Apache Wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>September 27, 1861</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Pinos_Altos,_New_Mexico" title="Pinos Altos, New Mexico">Pinos Altos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory_(CSA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Territory (CSA)">Confederate Arizona</a><br />Modern Day: <a href="/wiki/Gila_Wilderness" title="Gila Wilderness">Gila Wilderness</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_New_Mexico" title="Grant County, New Mexico">Grant County, New Mexico</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Confederate victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America"><img alt="Confederate States of America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America"><img alt="Confederate States of America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Mastin" title="Thomas J. Mastin">Thomas J. Mastin</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America"><img alt="Confederate States of America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%28July_%E2%80%93_November_1861%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Swilling" title="Jack Swilling">Jack Swilling</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Mangas_Coloradas" title="Mangas Coloradas">Mangas Coloradas</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cochise" title="Cochise">Cochise</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> ~15 <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a><br />1 <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">artillery piece</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> ~300 <a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">warriors</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 7 killed<br />7 wounded</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> ~10 killed<br />~20 wounded</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Apache_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Apache Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Apache_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Apache Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Apache_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Apache Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apache_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wars" title="Apache Wars">Apache Wars</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Jicarilla_War" title="Jicarilla War">Jicarilla War</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/White_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="White Massacre">Point of Rocks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wagon_Mound_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagon Mound Massacre">Wagon Mound</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell%27s_Fight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bell's Fight (page does not exist)">Bell's Fight</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cieneguilla" title="Battle of Cieneguilla">Cieneguilla</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ojo_Caliente_Canyon" title="Battle of Ojo Caliente Canyon">Ojo Caliente Canyon</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Texas%E2%80%93Indian_wars" title="Texas–Indian wars">Texas–Indian wars</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Diablo_Mountains" title="Battle of the Diablo Mountains">Diablo Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Hills_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Antelope Hills Expedition">Antelope Hills Expedition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Little_Robe_Creek" title="Battle of Little Robe Creek">Little Robe Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Adobe_Walls" title="First Battle of Adobe Walls">1st Adobe Walls</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mangas_Coloradas#Apache_war_leader" title="Mangas Coloradas">Chiricahua Wars</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cooke%27s_Spring" title="Battle of Cooke's Spring">Cooke's Spring</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bonneville_Expedition_(1857)" title="Bonneville Expedition (1857)">Bonneville Expedition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Larcena_Pennington_Page" title="Larcena Pennington Page">Madera Canyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mimbres_River" title="Battle of the Mimbres River">Mimbres River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bascom_affair" title="Bascom affair">Bascom affair</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tubac" title="Siege of Tubac">Tubac</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cookes_Canyon" title="Battle of Cookes Canyon">Cookes Canyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Florida_Mountains" title="Battle of the Florida Mountains">Florida Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gallinas_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallinas Massacre">Gallinas Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Placito" title="Battle of Placito">Placito</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pinos Altos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Dragoon_Springs" title="First Battle of Dragoon Springs">1st Dragoon Springs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Dragoon_Springs" title="Second Battle of Dragoon Springs">2nd Dragoon Springs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Apache_Pass" title="Battle of Apache Pass">Apache Pass</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Big_Bug,_Arizona" title="Big Bug, Arizona">Big Bug</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mowry_Massacres" class="mw-redirect" title="Mowry Massacres">Mowry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Gray" title="Battle of Mount Gray">Mount Gray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skirmish_in_Doubtful_Canyon" title="Skirmish in Doubtful Canyon">Doubtful Canyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Buchanan" title="Battle of Fort Buchanan">Fort Buchanan</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War_(1865%E2%80%9372)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Hawk War (1865–72)">Black Hawk's War</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pipe_Spring_National_Monument" title="Pipe Spring National Monument">Pipe Spring</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Yavapai_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavapai War">Yavapai War</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Camp_Grant_massacre" title="Camp Grant massacre">Camp Grant</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wickenburg_Massacre" title="Wickenburg Massacre">Wickenburg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Burro_Canyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Burro Canyon (page does not exist)">Burro Canyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Crook#Tonto_Basin_campaign" title="George Crook">Tonto Basin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salt_River_Canyon" title="Battle of Salt River Canyon">Salt River Canyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turret_Peak" title="Battle of Turret Peak">Turret Peak</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sunset_Pass" title="Battle of Sunset Pass">Sunset Pass</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Hunters%27_War" title="Buffalo Hunters' War">Buffalo Hunters' War</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yellow_House_Canyon" title="Battle of Yellow House Canyon">Yellow House Canyon</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Victorio%27s_War" title="Victorio's War">Victorio's War</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victorio%27s_War#1879" title="Victorio's War">Battle of Ojo Caliente (1879)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victorio%27s_War#Battle_of_Las_Animas_Canyon" title="Victorio's War">Las Animas Canyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hembrillo_Basin" title="Battle of Hembrillo Basin">Hembrillo Basin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alma_Massacre" title="Alma Massacre">Alma</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Tularosa" title="Battle of Fort Tularosa">Fort Tularosa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Tularosa" title="Battle of Fort Tularosa">Battle of Tres Castillos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carrizo_Canyon" title="Battle of Carrizo Canyon">Carrizo Canyon</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Geronimo_Campaign" title="Geronimo Campaign">Geronimo's War</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cibecue_Creek" title="Battle of Cibecue Creek">Cibecue Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Apache" title="Battle of Fort Apache">Fort Apache</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/McMillenville,_Arizona" title="McMillenville, Arizona">McMillenville</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Big_Dry_Wash" title="Battle of Big Dry Wash">Big Dry Wash</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chatto_(Apache)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatto (Apache)">Lordsburg Road</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Devil%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Devil's Creek">Devil's Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Little_Dry_Creek" title="Battle of Little Dry Creek">Little Dry Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawford Affair">Nacori Chico</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bear_Valley_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Valley Raid">Bear Valley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bear_Valley_Raid#Aftermath" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Valley Raid">Pinito Mountains</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Post_1887_Apache_Wars_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Post 1887 Apache Wars period">Post 1887 period</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Grade_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvin Grade Massacre">Kelvin Grade (1889)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Creek_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry Creek Campaign">Cherry Creek (1890)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apache_Campaign_(1896)" title="Apache Campaign (1896)">Guadalupe Canyon (1896)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Engagements_in_Confederate_Arizona" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Engagements_in_Confederate_Arizona" title="Template:Campaignbox Engagements in Confederate Arizona"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Engagements_in_Confederate_Arizona" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Engagements in Confederate Arizona"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Engagements_in_Confederate_Arizona" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Engagements in Confederate Arizona"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Engagements_in_Confederate_Arizona" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><span class="wrap">Engagements in <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Confederate Arizona</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Mesilla" title="First Battle of Mesilla">1st Mesilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Augustine_Spring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Augustine Spring (page does not exist)">San Augustine Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tubac" title="Siege of Tubac">Tubac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cookes_Canyon" title="Battle of Cookes Canyon">Cookes Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Florida_Mountains" title="Battle of the Florida Mountains">Florida Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallinas_massacre" title="Gallinas massacre">Gallinas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Placito" title="Battle of Placito">Placito</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pinos Altos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Canada_Alamosa" title="Battle of Canada Alamosa">Canada Alamosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirmish_near_Fort_Thorn,_New_Mexico_Territory" title="Skirmish near Fort Thorn, New Mexico Territory">Fort Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valverde" title="Battle of Valverde">Valverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stanwix_Station" title="Battle of Stanwix Station">Stanwix Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Picacho_Pass" title="Battle of Picacho Pass">Picacho Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Tucson_(1862)" title="Capture of Tucson (1862)">Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Dragoon_Springs" title="First Battle of Dragoon Springs">1st Dragoon Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Dragoon_Springs" title="Second Battle of Dragoon Springs">2nd Dragoon Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Mesilla" title="Second Battle of Mesilla">2nd Mesilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Apache_Pass" title="Battle of Apache Pass">Apache Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Paz_incident" title="La Paz incident">La Paz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Pinos Altos</b> was a military action of the <a href="/wiki/Apache_Wars" title="Apache Wars">Apache Wars</a>. It was fought on September 27, 1861, between settlers of <a href="/wiki/Pinos_Altos,_New_Mexico" title="Pinos Altos, New Mexico">Pinos Altos</a> mining town, the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Confederate</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arizona_Guards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arizona Guards (page does not exist)">Arizona Guards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a> warriors. The town is located about seven miles north of the present day <a href="/wiki/Silver_City,_New_Mexico" title="Silver City, New Mexico">Silver City, New Mexico</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pinos_Altos&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The conflict between the Confederates and Apaches was at its height in September 1861. Since the 1860 discovery of gold in the nearby Pinos Altos Mountains, thousands of white settlers had flocked to the region. This infuriated the <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a> chiefs <a href="/wiki/Mangas_Coloradas" title="Mangas Coloradas">Mangas Coloradas</a> and (after the <a href="/wiki/Bascom_affair" title="Bascom affair">Bascom affair</a>) <a href="/wiki/Cochise" title="Cochise">Cochise</a>, who by 1861 had formed an alliance with each other and vowed to destroy all of the Americans and Mexicans encroaching on their land. </p><p>Apaches attacked several towns, killing many settlers. Pinos Altos, being one of the major mining towns in the area, formed its own two <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a> companies for <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> duty. The first company under Captain <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Mastin" title="Thomas J. Mastin">Thomas J. Mastin</a> called themselves the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arizona_Guards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arizona Guards (page does not exist)">Arizona Guards</a>"; the other under Captain <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Markt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Markt (page does not exist)">William Markt</a>, called themselves the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Minute_Men_(Arizonan_militia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minute Men (Arizonan militia) (page does not exist)">Minute Men</a>". The founder of <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Swilling" title="Jack Swilling">Jack Swilling</a> was a first lieutenant of the Arizona Guards, he is believed to have fought in the Pinos Altos engagement. One of the soldiers of the company engaged was <a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Tevis" title="James Henry Tevis">James Henry Tevis</a>. Most of the Arizona Guards were settlers and miners from around Pinos Altos and the <a href="/wiki/Mimbres_River" title="Mimbres River">Mimbres River</a> valley or other parts of southern <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a> who had joined to protect their lives and property from the escalating conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Mimbre%C3%B1os" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimbreños">Mimbreños</a>. </p><p>When the provisional <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory" title="Arizona Territory">Arizona Territory</a> was <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">annexed to the Confederacy</a> after Lt. Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_R._Baylor" title="John R. Baylor">John Baylor</a> occupied <a href="/wiki/Mesilla,_New_Mexico" title="Mesilla, New Mexico">Mesilla</a> in July 1861, the militia companies were mustered into the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate Army</a>. Half of the Minute Men deserted just after their induction, and the remaining were poorly equipped. This meant the Arizona Guards had to provide most of the protection for the Pinos Altos miners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pinos_Altos&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The combined force of Mangas Coloradas and Cochise numbered well over 300 strong when they turned their attention to Pinos Altos in the early morning of September 27, 1861. The Apaches hoped to achieve another victory as they had had <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tubac" title="Siege of Tubac">at Tubac</a> and had attempted <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Placito" title="Battle of Placito">at Placito</a>. The natives attacked simultaneously the nearby mining camp as well as the town. </p><p>The assault completely surprised the town's population. Many miners at their camp were trapped in their diggings and subsequently killed. Some survivors stayed underground, too afraid to venture out, thus contributing nothing to the town's defense. Two forces of the Arizona Guards were on patrol when the Apaches attacked; Mastin commanded one while the other portion patrolled elsewhere. Apache forces first attempted to burn several log cabins which ran along the perimeter of the settlement: this failed, and the natives were repulsed. </p><p>Mastin's squad of fifteen men arrived back at the town not long after hostilities began, while the other portion was still on patrol. Mastin ordered his men, the remnants of the Minute Men, and the town's civilian defenders to take up defensive positions in the center of the settlement. For a while the two sides fought at medium to long range until the Apaches launched a full attack around 12:00 noon, leading to <a href="/wiki/Hand-to-hand_combat" title="Hand-to-hand combat">hand-to-hand combat</a>. Captain Mastin realized something must be done to aid his overwhelmed militiamen, so he ordered the old <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a> to be loaded with nails and <a href="/wiki/Shotgun_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Shotgun shell">buckshot</a>, as there were no cannonballs available. The gun was wheeled into the defenders' position and fired on the wave of oncoming Apache warriors, and many fell, dead or wounded. The Apaches decided to cease their effort and began to retreat. The Arizona Guards mounted their horses and gave chase, and civilians fired muskets from their house windows. The engagement was over by 1:00 pm, and the Apaches fled to the <a href="/wiki/Gila_River" title="Gila River">Gila River</a> or to Mexico. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pinos_Altos&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_az_map.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Traditional_az_map.gif/250px-Traditional_az_map.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Traditional_az_map.gif/375px-Traditional_az_map.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Traditional_az_map.gif/500px-Traditional_az_map.gif 2x" data-file-width="1969" data-file-height="1033" /></a><figcaption>Map of the traditional boundaries of Arizona and the later Confederate Arizona south of the 34 parallel.</figcaption></figure> <p>Within the last half-hour of the battle, Captain Thomas Mastin managed to turn an almost certain defeat into victory with his simple order to bring up the old cannon. At least ten Apaches were killed and left on the battlefield after the natives had retreated. Over 20 dead and wounded were picked up and dragged away by the Apaches, according to Confederate accounts. Captain Mastin was mortally wounded, sometime while leading the cavalry charge that decided the battle; he died a few days later at Pinos Altos. Other accounts say Mastin was killed by an Apache bullet, before the cannon was ever in use. Five Confederates were killed, including Mastin; seven other settlers or militiamen were severely wounded. Command of the Arizona guards passed to Lieutenant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Helm_(soldier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Helm (soldier) (page does not exist)">Thomas Helm</a>. </p><p>Apache tactics changed at this point, other than at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Apache_Pass" title="Battle of Apache Pass">Apache Pass engagement</a>, Apaches ceased massing in large numbers and continued their cause by means of <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>. They stopped attacking well defended settlements. Instead, they continued attacking mining camps and smaller isolated communities. Captain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hardeman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Hardeman (page does not exist)">Peter Hardeman</a> of the 2nd Texas Mounted Rifles with 25 men were near Pinos Altos immediately after the Apaches retreated. Hardeman's troop came across the Apache trail and tracked them for days, all the way to the Gila River before turning back because their rations were running low. Confederate forces chased Apaches into Mexico several times in 1861 and 1862. The Arizona Guards penetrated as far as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Guzman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Guzman (page does not exist)">Lake Guzman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, without ever catching the elusive natives. </p><p>As for Pinos Altos, most of the settlers ended their stay at the camp. Despite their victory, many were afraid the Chiricahua would attack again. On October 8, a distress message was sent from the miners of Pinos Altos, so 100 men were sent to reinforce the Arizona Guards, the largest Confederate force ever sent to relieve a town threatened by natives. The Apaches never attacked again so the reinforcing company was withdrawn. Only about 70 miners remained in Pinos Altos after the battle, the Arizona Guards continued their garrison duty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pinos_Altos&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_campaign" title="New Mexico campaign">New Mexico campaign</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pinos_Altos&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cochise, Ciyé "The First Hundred Years of Nino Cochise" New York: Pyramid Books 1972</li> <li>Kaywaykla, James (edited Eve Ball) "In the Days of Victorio: Recollections of a Warm Springs Apache" Tucson: University of Arizona Press 1970</li> <li>Limerick, Patricia Nelson. The Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West. N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 1987.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThrapp,_Dan_L.1979" class="citation book cs1">Thrapp, Dan L. (1979). <i>The Conquest of Apacheria</i>. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-1286-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-1286-7"><bdi>0-8061-1286-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conquest+of+Apacheria&rft.place=Norman%2C+Oklahoma&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-8061-1286-7&rft.au=Thrapp%2C+Dan+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Pinos+Altos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Williams, Albert N. Rocky Mountain Country. N.Y.: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1950.</li> <li>Etulain, Richard W. <i>New Mexican Lives: A Biographical History</i>. University of New Mexico Center for the American West, <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico_Press" title="University of New Mexico Press">University of New Mexico Press</a>, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8263-2433-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8263-2433-9">0-8263-2433-9</a></li> <li>Haley, James L. <i>Apaches: A History and Culture Portrait</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a>, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-2978-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-2978-6">0-8061-2978-6</a>.</li> <li>Sweeney, Edwin R. <i>Mangas Coloradas: Chief of the Chiricahua Apaches</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a>, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-3063-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-3063-6">0-8061-3063-6</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Pinos_Altos&params=32.86726_N_108.2198_W_region:US-NM"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°52′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">108°13′11″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.86726°N 108.21980°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.86726; 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