CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Katherine Johnson - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8e7e7729-6a1d-4711-9c0f-1646f91fc936","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Katherine_Johnson","wgTitle":"Katherine Johnson","wgCurRevisionId":1255550534,"wgRevisionId":1255550534,"wgArticleId":25568315,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: unfit URL","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Use mdy dates from August 2022","Use American English from February 2020","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Articles with hCards","CS1: long volume value","Good articles","1918 births","2020 deaths","African-American women mathematicians","African-American mathematicians", "20th-century American women mathematicians","African-American schoolteachers","Schoolteachers from West Virginia","American computer scientists","Presbyterians from Virginia","20th-century American mathematicians","21st-century American mathematicians","NASA people","West Area Computers","People from Hampton, Virginia","People from White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia","Scientists from West Virginia","West Virginia State University alumni","West Virginia University alumni","American women computer scientists","African-American computer scientists","Congressional Gold Medal recipients","Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients","American women physicists","20th-century American physicists","21st-century American physicists","20th-century American women scientists","21st-century American women scientists","American women centenarians","African-American centenarians","21st-century American women mathematicians","Mathematicians from Virginia","20th-century American educators", "20th-century American women educators","21st-century African-American people","21st-century African-American women","African-American physicists","African-American women scientists"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Katherine_Johnson","wgRelevantArticleId":25568315,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["autoconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[], "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q11740","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init": "ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg/1200px-Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1500"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg/800px-Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1000"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg/640px-Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Katherine Johnson - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Katherine_Johnson rootpage-Katherine_Johnson skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Katherine+Johnson" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Katherine+Johnson" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Katherine+Johnson" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Katherine+Johnson" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depiction_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depiction_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Depiction in media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depiction_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Katherine Johnson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاثرين جونسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاثرين جونسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Катрин Джонсън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Катрин Джонсън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Джонсон, Кэтрин – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Джонсон, Кэтрин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnsonov%C3%A1" title="Katherine Johnsonová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Katherine Johnsonová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Κάθριν Τζόνσον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάθριν Τζόνσον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="کاترین جانسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاترین جانسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EC%84%9C%EB%A6%B0_%EC%A1%B4%EC%8A%A8" title="캐서린 존슨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐서린 존슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A5%D5%A9%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Քեթրին Ջոնսոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քեթրին Ջոնսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="קתרין ג'ונסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קתרין ג'ונסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ಯಾಥರೀನ್ ಜಾನ್ಸನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯಾಥರೀನ್ ಜಾನ್ಸನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კათრინ ჯონსონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კათრინ ჯონსონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/katrin.djonsn" title="katrin.djonsn – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="katrin.djonsn" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA" title="കാതറീൻ ജോൺസൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാതറീൻ ജോൺസൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კეტრინ ჯონსონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კეტრინ ჯონსონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاثرين جونسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاثرين جونسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ကတ်သရင်း ဂျွန်ဆင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကတ်သရင်း ဂျွန်ဆင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="キャサリン・ジョンソン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キャサリン・ジョンソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="کاترین جانسون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاترین جانسون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Джонсон, Кэтрин (математик) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джонсон, Кэтрин (математик)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кетрин Џонсон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кетрин Џонсон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="காத்தரைன் ஜான்சன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காத்தரைன் ஜான்சன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Кетрін Джонсон (математик) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кетрін Джонсон (математик)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="کیتھرین جانسن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیتھرین جانسن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Katherine Johnson" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E7%91%9F%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E9%80%8A" title="凯瑟琳·约翰逊 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="凯瑟琳·约翰逊" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%98%89%E8%8A%99%E8%93%AE%E8%8E%8A%E8%87%A3" title="嘉芙蓮莊臣 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="嘉芙蓮莊臣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%91%9F%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E5%BC%B7%E6%A3%AE" title="凱瑟琳·強森 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="凱瑟琳·強森" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11740#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Katherine_Johnson" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Johnson&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Johnson&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Johnson&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Johnson&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Katherine_Johnson" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Katherine_Johnson" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Johnson&oldid=1255550534" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Johnson&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Katherine_Johnson&id=1255550534&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKatherine_Johnson"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKatherine_Johnson"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Katherine_Johnson&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Johnson&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Katherine_Johnson" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11740" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American NASA mathematician (1918–2020)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Johnson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Katharine Johnson (disambiguation)">Katharine Johnson</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Katherine Johnson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Katherine Johnson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg/220px-Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg/330px-Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg/440px-Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Johnson in 1983</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Creola Katherine Coleman</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1918-08-26</span>)</span>August 26, 1918<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/White_Sulphur_Springs,_West_Virginia" title="White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia">White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 24, 2020<span style="display:none">(2020-02-24)</span> (aged 101)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News, Virginia</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Katherine Goble</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_State_University" title="West Virginia State University">West Virginia State University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Mathematician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employers</th><td class="infobox-data org"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> (1953–1986)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Calculating trajectories for NASA missions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">James Goble</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1939; died 1956)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jim Johnson</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1959; died 2019)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> (2015)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Snoopy_award" title="Silver Snoopy award">Silver Snoopy award</a> (2016)</li><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Group_Achievement_Award" title="NASA Group Achievement Award">NASA Group Achievement Award</a> (2016)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> (2019)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://katherinejohnson.net">katherinejohnson<wbr />.net</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Creola Katherine Johnson</b> (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> <b>Coleman</b></span>; August 26, 1918 – February 24, 2020) was an American mathematician whose calculations of <a href="/wiki/Orbital_mechanics" title="Orbital mechanics">orbital mechanics</a> as a <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> employee were critical to the success of the first and subsequent U.S. crewed spaceflights.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During her 33-year career at NASA and <a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">its predecessor</a>, she earned a reputation for mastering complex manual calculations and helped pioneer the use of computers to perform the tasks. The space agency noted her "historical role as one of the first African-American women to work as a NASA scientist".<sup id="cite_ref-off_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-off-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson's work included calculating trajectories, <a href="/wiki/Launch_window" title="Launch window">launch windows</a>, and emergency return paths for <a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a> spaceflights, including those for astronauts <a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a>, the first American in space, and <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a>, the first American in orbit, and rendezvous paths for the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Lunar Module</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo command module">command module</a> on flights to the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her calculations were also essential to the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a>, and she worked on plans for <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">a mission to Mars</a>. She was known as a "human computer" for her tremendous mathematical capability and ability to work with space trajectories with such little technology and recognition at the time. </p><p>In 2015, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> awarded Johnson the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>. In 2016, she was presented with the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Snoopy_award" title="Silver Snoopy award">Silver Snoopy Award</a> by NASA astronaut <a href="/wiki/Leland_D._Melvin" title="Leland D. Melvin">Leland D. Melvin</a> and a <a href="/wiki/NASA_Group_Achievement_Award" title="NASA Group Achievement Award">NASA Group Achievement Award</a>. She was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson" title="Taraji P. Henson">Taraji P. Henson</a> as a lead character in the 2016 film <i><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Figures" title="Hidden Figures">Hidden Figures</a></i>. In 2019, Johnson was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa.gov_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa.gov-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, she was inducted posthumously into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-inquirer.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <p>Katherine Johnson was born as Creola Katherine Coleman on August 26, 1918, in <a href="/wiki/White_Sulphur_Springs,_West_Virginia" title="White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia">White Sulphur Springs</a>, West Virginia, to Joylette Roberta (née Lowe) and Joshua McKinley Coleman.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the youngest of four children.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother was a teacher and her father was a lumberman, farmer, and handyman. He also worked at the <a href="/wiki/The_Greenbrier" title="The Greenbrier">Greenbrier Hotel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gutman_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gutman-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson showed strong mathematical abilities from an early age. Because <a href="/wiki/Greenbrier_County,_West_Virginia" title="Greenbrier County, West Virginia">Greenbrier County</a> did not offer public schooling for African-American students past the eighth grade, the Colemans arranged for their children to attend high school in <a href="/wiki/Institute,_West_Virginia" title="Institute, West Virginia">Institute, West Virginia</a>. This school was on the campus of <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_State_University" title="West Virginia State University">West Virginia State College</a> (WVSC);<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson was enrolled when she was ten years old.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_feature_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_feature-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family split their time between Institute during the school year and White Sulphur Springs in the summer.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: left; float:left;margin:0 1.5em 1.5em 0;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?462474-2/national-history-day-katherine-johnson-quiet-triumph-white-mans-world">Interview with West Virginia State University President Anthony Jenkins on Johnson's studies and career, October 21, 2019</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson matriculated at WVSC, a <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Historically black college">historically black college</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_bio_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_bio-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She took every course in mathematics offered by the college. Several professors mentored her, including the chemist and mathematician <a href="/wiki/Angie_Turner_King" title="Angie Turner King">Angie Turner King</a>, who had guided Coleman throughout high school, and <a href="/wiki/W._W._Schieffelin_Claytor" class="mw-redirect" title="W. W. Schieffelin Claytor">W. W. Schieffelin Claytor</a>, the third African-American to receive a <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctorate</a> in mathematics. Claytor added new mathematics courses just for Johnson.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She graduated <i><a href="/wiki/Latin_honors" title="Latin honors">summa cum laude</a></i> in 1937, with degrees in mathematics and French, at age 18.<sup id="cite_ref-WVGazetteMail_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WVGazetteMail-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA_feature_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_feature-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson was a member of <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Alpha" title="Alpha Kappa Alpha">Alpha Kappa Alpha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She took on a teaching job at a black public school in <a href="/wiki/Marion,_Virginia" title="Marion, Virginia">Marion</a>, Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_bio_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_bio-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939, after marrying her first husband, James Goble, she left her teaching job and enrolled in a graduate mathematics program. She quit at the end of the first session and chose to focus on her family life.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_bio_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_bio-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the first African-American woman to attend graduate school at <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_University" title="West Virginia University">West Virginia University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morgantown,_West_Virginia" title="Morgantown, West Virginia">Morgantown, West Virginia</a>. Through WVSC's president, <a href="/wiki/John_Warren_Davis_(college_president)" title="John Warren Davis (college president)">John W. Davis</a>, she became one of three African-American students,<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_bio_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_bio-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the only woman, selected to integrate the graduate school after the 1938 United States Supreme Court ruling in <i><a href="/wiki/Missouri_ex_rel._Gaines_v._Canada" title="Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada">Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada</a></i> required States which provided public higher education to white students to provide it to black students as well, either by establishing black colleges and universities or by admitting black students to previously white-only universities.<sup id="cite_ref-Gutman_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gutman-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katherine_Johnson_at_NASA,_in_1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Johnson sitting at a desk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Katherine_Johnson_at_NASA%2C_in_1966.jpg/220px-Katherine_Johnson_at_NASA%2C_in_1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Katherine_Johnson_at_NASA%2C_in_1966.jpg/330px-Katherine_Johnson_at_NASA%2C_in_1966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Katherine_Johnson_at_NASA%2C_in_1966.jpg/440px-Katherine_Johnson_at_NASA%2C_in_1966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3173" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Johnson working at the Spacecraft Controls Branch of NASA in 1966.</figcaption></figure> <p>Johnson decided on a career as a research mathematician, although this was a difficult field for African Americans and women to enter. The first jobs she found were in teaching. At a family gathering in 1952, a relative mentioned that the <a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics</a> (NACA) was hiring mathematicians.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_bio_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_bio-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/Langley_Research_Center" title="Langley Research Center">Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton</a>, Virginia, near <a href="/wiki/Langley_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Langley Field">Langley Field</a>, NACA hired African-American mathematicians as well as whites for their Guidance and Navigation Department. Johnson accepted a job offer from the agency in June 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to an oral history archived by the National Visionary Leadership Project: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>At first she [Johnson] worked in a pool of women performing mathematical calculations. Katherine has referred to the women in the pool as virtual "computers who wore skirts". Their main job was to read the data from the plane's black boxes and carry out other precise mathematical tasks. Then one day, Katherine (and a colleague) were temporarily assigned to help the all-male flight research team. Katherine's knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Analytic_geometry" title="Analytic geometry">analytic geometry</a> helped make quick allies of male bosses and colleagues to the extent that, "they forgot to return me to the pool". While the racial and gender barriers were always there, Katherine ignored them. Katherine was assertive, asking to be included in editorial meetings (where no women had gone before). She simply told people she had done the work and that she belonged.<sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>From 1953 to 1958, Johnson worked as a <a href="/wiki/Human_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Human computer">computer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Jim_Hodges_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jim_Hodges-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> analyzing topics such as gust alleviation for aircraft. Originally assigned to the <a href="/wiki/West_Area_Computers" title="West Area Computers">West Area Computers</a> section supervised by mathematician <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Vaughan" title="Dorothy Vaughan">Dorothy Vaughan</a>, Johnson was reassigned to the Guidance and Control Division of Langley's Flight Research Division. It was staffed by white male engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-buckley_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buckley-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In keeping with the State of Virginia's racial segregation laws, and federal workplace segregation introduced under President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> in the early 20th century, Johnson and the other African-American women in the computing pool were required to work, eat, and use restrooms that were separate from those of their white peers. Their office was labeled as "Colored Computers". In an interview with <a href="/wiki/WHRO-TV" title="WHRO-TV">WHRO-TV</a>, Johnson stated that she "didn't feel the segregation at NASA, because everybody there was doing research. You had a mission and you worked on it, and it was important to you to do your job ... and play bridge at lunch." She added: "I didn't feel any segregation. I knew it was there, but I didn't feel it."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NACA disbanded the colored computing pool in 1958 when the agency was superseded by NASA, which adopted digital computers. Although the installation was desegregated,<sup id="cite_ref-buckley_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buckley-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forms of discrimination were still pervasive. Johnson recalled that era: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnson_NASA_Paper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Johnson_NASA_Paper.jpg/220px-Johnson_NASA_Paper.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Johnson_NASA_Paper.jpg/330px-Johnson_NASA_Paper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Johnson_NASA_Paper.jpg/440px-Johnson_NASA_Paper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1997" data-file-height="2595" /></a><figcaption>The first NASA report showing Johnson's name as co-author.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We needed to be assertive as women in that days – assertive and aggressive – and the degree to which we had to be that way depended on where you were. I had to be. In the early days of NASA women were not allowed to put their names on the reports – no woman in my division had had her name on a report. I was working with Ted Skopinski and he wanted to leave and go to Houston ... but Henry Pearson, our supervisor – he was not a fan of women – kept pushing him to finish the report we were working on. Finally, Ted told him, "Katherine should finish the report, she's done most of the work anyway." So Ted left Pearson with no choice; I finished the report and my name went on it, and that was the first time a woman in our division had her name on something.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>From 1958 until her retirement in 1986, Johnson worked as an aerospace technologist, moving during her career to the Spacecraft Controls Branch. She calculated the <a href="/wiki/Trajectory" title="Trajectory">trajectory</a> for the May 5, 1961, space flight of <a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a>, the first American in space.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also calculated the <a href="/wiki/Launch_window" title="Launch window">launch window</a> for his 1961 <a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury mission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She plotted backup <a href="/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation">navigation</a> <a href="/wiki/Chart" title="Chart">charts</a> for <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronauts</a> in case of electronic failures.<sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When NASA used electronic computers for the first time to calculate <a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a>'s orbit around <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, officials called on Johnson to verify the computer's numbers; Glenn had asked for her specifically and had refused to fly unless Johnson verified the calculations.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MakersBio_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MakersBio-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sloat_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sloat-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/FYI_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="FYI (U.S. TV channel)">Biography.com</a> states these were "far more difficult calculations, to account for the gravitational pulls of celestial bodies".<sup id="cite_ref-biography.com_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography.com-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: left; width: 33%;"><p>As a computer, she calculated the trajectory for Alan Shepard, the first American in space...John Glenn requested that she personally recheck the calculations...before his flight aboard Friendship 7...on which he became the first American to orbit the Earth.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>NASA<sup id="cite_ref-Jim_Hodges_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jim_Hodges-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Author <a href="/wiki/Margot_Lee_Shetterly" title="Margot Lee Shetterly">Margot Lee Shetterly</a> stated, "So the astronaut who became a hero, looked to this black woman in the still-segregated South at the time as one of the key parts of making sure his mission would be a success." She added that, in a time where computing was "women's work" and engineering was left to men, "it really does have to do with us over the course of time sort of not valuing that work that was done by women, however necessary, as much as we might. And it has taken history to get a perspective on that."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson later worked directly with digital <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a>. Her ability and reputation for accuracy helped to establish confidence in the new technology.<sup id="cite_ref-biography.com_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography.com-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1961, her work helped to ensure that Alan Shepard's <i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom 7">Freedom 7</a></i> Mercury capsule would be found quickly after landing, using the accurate trajectory that had been established.<sup id="cite_ref-businside_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businside-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katherine_Johnson_in_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Johnson seated in a chair looking to her right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Katherine_Johnson_in_2008.jpg/220px-Katherine_Johnson_in_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Katherine_Johnson_in_2008.jpg/330px-Katherine_Johnson_in_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Katherine_Johnson_in_2008.jpg/440px-Katherine_Johnson_in_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption> Johnson in 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>She also helped to calculate the trajectory for the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> flight to the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biography.com_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography.com-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Moon landing, Johnson was at a meeting in the <a href="/wiki/Pocono_Mountains" title="Pocono Mountains">Pocono Mountains</a>. She and a few others crowded around a small <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> screen watching the first steps on the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, Johnson worked on the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a> Moon mission. When the mission was aborted, her work on backup procedures and charts helped set a safe path for the crew's return to Earth,<sup id="cite_ref-biography.com_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography.com-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> creating a one-star observation system that would allow astronauts to determine their location with accuracy. In a 2010 interview, Johnson recalled, "Everybody was concerned about them getting there. We were concerned about them getting back."<sup id="cite_ref-businside_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businside-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in her career, Johnson worked on the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a>, the Earth Resources Satellite,<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biography.com_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography.com-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on plans for a <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">mission to Mars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guglielmi_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guglielmi-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson spent her later years encouraging students to enter the fields of <a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">science, technology, engineering, and mathematics</a> (STEM).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2></div> <p>Katherine and James Francis Goble had three daughters. The family lived in <a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a>, Virginia, from 1953. James died of an inoperable <a href="/wiki/Brain_tumor" title="Brain tumor">brain tumor</a> in 1956<sup id="cite_ref-kj_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kj-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, three years later, Katherine married James A. "Jim" Johnson, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> officer and veteran of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>; the pair were married for 60 years until his death in March 2019 at the age of 93.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-St_Andrews_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St_Andrews-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson, who had six grandchildren and 11 great-grandchildren, lived in <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton</a>, Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She encouraged her grandchildren and students to pursue careers in science and technology.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was a member of Carver Memorial <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church</a> for 50 years, where she sang as part of the choir.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson died at a retirement home in Newport News on February 24, 2020, at age 101.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following her death, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bridenstine" title="Jim Bridenstine">Jim Bridenstine</a>, NASA's administrator, described her as "an American hero" and stated that "her pioneering legacy will never be forgotten."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katherine_Johnson_medal.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Johnson seated wearing her Presidential Medal of Freedom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Katherine_Johnson_medal.jpeg/220px-Katherine_Johnson_medal.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Katherine_Johnson_medal.jpeg/330px-Katherine_Johnson_medal.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Katherine_Johnson_medal.jpeg/440px-Katherine_Johnson_medal.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2686" data-file-height="3135" /></a><figcaption> The <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> was awarded to Johnson in 2015.</figcaption></figure> <p>Johnson co-authored 26 scientific papers.<sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASAHistory_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAHistory-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her social influence as a pioneer in <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_space_science" title="Outline of space science">space science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a> is demonstrated by the honors she received and her status as a role model for a life in science.<sup id="cite_ref-NASAHistory_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAHistory-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SCIENCEYEAR_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCIENCEYEAR-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-THINKQUEST_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THINKQUEST-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson was named West Virginia State College Outstanding Alumnus of the Year in 1999. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> presented her with the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>, one of 17 Americans so honored on November 24, 2015. She was cited as a pioneering example of African-American women in <a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">STEM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Obama said at the time, "Katherine G. Johnson refused to be limited by society's expectations of her gender and race while expanding the boundaries of humanity's reach."<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA noted her "historical role as one of the first African-American women to work as a NASA scientist."<sup id="cite_ref-off_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-off-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katherine_Johnson_at_the_Katherine_G._Johnson_Computational_Research_Facility.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Johnson seated on a bench beside a sign in front of the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Katherine_Johnson_at_the_Katherine_G._Johnson_Computational_Research_Facility.jpg/220px-Katherine_Johnson_at_the_Katherine_G._Johnson_Computational_Research_Facility.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Katherine_Johnson_at_the_Katherine_G._Johnson_Computational_Research_Facility.jpg/330px-Katherine_Johnson_at_the_Katherine_G._Johnson_Computational_Research_Facility.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Katherine_Johnson_at_the_Katherine_G._Johnson_Computational_Research_Facility.jpg/440px-Katherine_Johnson_at_the_Katherine_G._Johnson_Computational_Research_Facility.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2251" /></a><figcaption> Johnson in front of the Computational Research Facility named for her.</figcaption></figure> <p>Two NASA facilities have been named in her honor. On May 5, 2016, a new 40,000-square-foot (3,700 m<sup>2</sup>) building was named the "Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility" and formally dedicated at the agency's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The facility officially opened its doors on September 22, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Root_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Root-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson attended this event, which also marked the 55th anniversary of astronaut Alan Shepard's historic rocket launch and splashdown, a success Johnson helped achieve.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the ceremony, deputy director Lewin said this about Johnson: "Millions of people around the world watched Shepard's flight, but what they didn't know at the time was that the calculations that got him into space and safely home were done by today's guest of honor, Katherine Johnson". During the event, Johnson also received a <a href="/wiki/Silver_Snoopy_award" title="Silver Snoopy award">Silver Snoopy award</a>; often called the astronaut's award, NASA stated it is given to those "who have made outstanding contributions to flight safety and mission success".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA renamed the Independent Verification and Validation Facility, in Fairmont, West Virginia, to the <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson_Independent_Verification_and_Validation_Facility" title="Katherine Johnson Independent Verification and Validation Facility">Katherine Johnson Independent Verification and Validation Facility</a> on February 22, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson was included on the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s list of <a href="/wiki/100_Women_(BBC)" title="100 Women (BBC)">100 Women</a> of influence worldwide in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-list2016_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list2016-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2016 video NASA stated, "Her calculations proved as critical to the success of the Apollo Moon landing program and the start of the Space Shuttle program, as they did to those first steps on the country's journey into space."<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 231px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?414833-1/margot-lee-shetterly-discusses-hidden-figures">Presentation by Margot Lee Shetterly on <i>Hidden Figures</i> at the Hampton History Museum, September 8, 2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?432540-28/hidden-figures">Discussion with Shetterly on <i>Hidden Figures</i> at the National Book Festival, September 2, 2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Science writer <a href="/wiki/Maia_Weinstock" title="Maia Weinstock">Maia Weinstock</a> developed a prototype <a href="/wiki/Lego" title="Lego">Lego</a> for Women of NASA in 2016 and included Johnson; she declined to have her likeness printed on the final product.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 12, 2018, she was awarded an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorate">honorary doctorate</a> by the <a href="/wiki/College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="College of William & Mary">College of William & Mary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2018, West Virginia State University established a STEM scholarship in honor of Johnson and erected a life-size statue of her on campus.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a> announced a <a href="/wiki/Barbie" title="Barbie">Barbie</a> doll in Johnson's likeness with a NASA identity badge in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Johnson was announced as one of the members of the inaugural class of <i><a href="/wiki/Government_Executive" title="Government Executive">Government Executive</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> Government Hall of Fame.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2019, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a> named the most prominent building on their SciTech campus, the Katherine G. Johnson Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Bethel_School_District_(Washington)" title="Bethel School District (Washington)">Bethel School District</a>, Washington, named its newest school the Katherine G. Johnson Elementary.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 2, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County_Public_Schools" title="Fairfax County Public Schools">Fairfax County Public Schools</a>—the largest school division in the Commonwealth of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> and 12th largest school division in the United States, and the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Fairfax,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Fairfax, Virginia">City of Fairfax, Virginia</a>, announced that the latter's school board had voted to rename its middle school, previously named after Confederate soldier, poet, and musician <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lanier" title="Sidney Lanier">Sidney Lanier</a> to Katherine Johnson Middle School (KJMS), after 85 percent of its residents voiced their support in favor.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 6, 2020, a satellite named after her (<a href="/wiki/%C3%91uSat" title="ÑuSat">ÑuSat 15</a> or "Katherine", COSPAR 2020-079G) was launched into space. In February 2021, Northrop Grumman named its <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_NG-15" title="Cygnus NG-15">Cygnus NG-15</a> spacecraft to supply the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> the <i>SS Katherine Johnson</i> in her honor.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sign,_Katherine_Johnson_Global_Academy,_1101_Braddish_Avenue,_Baltimore,_MD_21216_(53125638478).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sign%2C_Katherine_Johnson_Global_Academy%2C_1101_Braddish_Avenue%2C_Baltimore%2C_MD_21216_%2853125638478%29.jpg/220px-Sign%2C_Katherine_Johnson_Global_Academy%2C_1101_Braddish_Avenue%2C_Baltimore%2C_MD_21216_%2853125638478%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sign%2C_Katherine_Johnson_Global_Academy%2C_1101_Braddish_Avenue%2C_Baltimore%2C_MD_21216_%2853125638478%29.jpg/330px-Sign%2C_Katherine_Johnson_Global_Academy%2C_1101_Braddish_Avenue%2C_Baltimore%2C_MD_21216_%2853125638478%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sign%2C_Katherine_Johnson_Global_Academy%2C_1101_Braddish_Avenue%2C_Baltimore%2C_MD_21216_%2853125638478%29.jpg/440px-Sign%2C_Katherine_Johnson_Global_Academy%2C_1101_Braddish_Avenue%2C_Baltimore%2C_MD_21216_%2853125638478%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Sign of the Katherine Johnson Global Academy in Baltimore, Maryland</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2021, San Juan Unified School District, in Sacramento, California, named its newest school Katherine Johnson Middle School.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_County_Public_Schools" title="Baltimore County Public Schools">Baltimore County Public Schools</a> named one of its three new schools the Katherine Johnson Global Academy.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depiction_in_media">Depiction in media</h2></div> <p>The film <i><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Figures" title="Hidden Figures">Hidden Figures</a></i>, released in December 2016, was based on the <a href="/wiki/Hidden_Figures_(book)" title="Hidden Figures (book)">non-fiction book</a> of the same title by Margot Lee Shetterly, which was published earlier that year. It follows Johnson and other female African-American mathematicians (<a href="/wiki/Mary_Jackson_(engineer)" title="Mary Jackson (engineer)">Mary Jackson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Vaughan" title="Dorothy Vaughan">Dorothy Vaughan</a>) who worked at NASA. <a href="/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson" title="Taraji P. Henson">Taraji P. Henson</a> plays Johnson in the film.<sup id="cite_ref-Sloat_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sloat-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Appearing alongside Henson at the <a href="/wiki/89th_Academy_Awards" title="89th Academy Awards">89th Academy Awards</a>, Johnson received a standing ovation from the audience.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an earlier interview, Johnson offered the following comment about the movie: "It was well done. The three leading ladies did an excellent job portraying us."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2016 episode of the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Timeless_(TV_series)" title="Timeless (TV series)">Timeless</a>,</i> titled "Space Race", the mathematician is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Ellis" title="Nadine Ellis">Nadine Ellis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hidden_Figures_Award_Ceremony_(NHQ201612010025).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Johnson seated in a chair holding a NASA Group Achievement Award flanked by a man and a woman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hidden_Figures_Award_Ceremony_%28NHQ201612010025%29.jpg/220px-Hidden_Figures_Award_Ceremony_%28NHQ201612010025%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hidden_Figures_Award_Ceremony_%28NHQ201612010025%29.jpg/330px-Hidden_Figures_Award_Ceremony_%28NHQ201612010025%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hidden_Figures_Award_Ceremony_%28NHQ201612010025%29.jpg/440px-Hidden_Figures_Award_Ceremony_%28NHQ201612010025%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption> Johnson receiving a <a href="/wiki/NASA_Group_Achievement_Award" title="NASA Group Achievement Award">NASA Group Achievement Award</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1971, 1980, 1984, 1985, 1986: NASA Langley Research Center Special Achievement award<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryMakers_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryMakers-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1977, <a href="/wiki/NASA_Group_Achievement_Award" title="NASA Group Achievement Award">NASA Group Achievement Award</a> presented to the Lunar Spacecraft and Operations team – for pioneering work in the field of navigation supporting the spacecraft that orbited and mapped the Moon in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a><sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1998, Honorary Doctor of Laws, from <a href="/wiki/Farmingdale_State_College" title="Farmingdale State College">SUNY Farmingdale</a><sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAR_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1999, West Virginia State College Outstanding Alumnus of the Year<sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AAR_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAR-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2006, Honorary Doctor of Science by the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Technology_University" title="Capitol Technology University">Capitol College</a>, Laurel, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a><sup id="cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CC_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CC-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010, Honorary Doctorate of Science from <a href="/wiki/Old_Dominion_University" title="Old Dominion University">Old Dominion University</a>, Norfolk, Virginia<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014, De Pizan Honor from National Women's History Museum<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2015, NCWIT Pioneer in Tech Award<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2015, <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016, <a href="/wiki/Silver_Snoopy_award" title="Silver Snoopy award">Silver Snoopy award</a> from <a href="/wiki/Leland_D._Melvin" title="Leland D. Melvin">Leland Melvin</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016, <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Society_of_the_Pacific" title="Astronomical Society of the Pacific">Astronomical Society of the Pacific</a>'s Arthur B.C. Walker II Award<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016, Presidential Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_University" title="West Virginia University">West Virginia University</a>, Morgantown, West Virginia<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On December 1, 2016, Johnson received the Langley West Computing Unit <a href="/wiki/NASA_Group_Achievement_Award" title="NASA Group Achievement Award">NASA Group Achievement Award</a> at a reception at the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Air_and_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Air and Space Center">Virginia Air and Space Center</a>. Other awardees included her colleagues, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017, <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution">Daughters of the American Revolution</a> (DAR) Medal of Honor<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017 Honorary Doctorate from <a href="/wiki/Spelman_College" title="Spelman College">Spelman College</a><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 12, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctorate of Science</a> from the <a href="/wiki/College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="College of William & Mary">College of William & Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a>, Virginia<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On April 29, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">University of Johannesburg</a> and its Faculty of Science conferred Johnson with the degree of <i>Philosophiae Doctor Honoris causa</i> for her pioneering role at NASA.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>November 8, 2019, <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a><sup id="cite_ref-congress_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-congress-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2021, Induction into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a><sup id="cite_ref-inquirer.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Easley" title="Annie Easley">Annie Easley</a>, mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathaleen_Land" title="Kathaleen Land">Kathaleen Land</a>, mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_STEM_fields" title="List of African-American women in STEM fields">List of African-American women in STEM fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_West_Virginia_University_alumni" title="List of West Virginia University alumni">List of West Virginia University alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Tables_Project" title="Mathematical Tables Project">Mathematical Tables Project</a>, pioneering human computer group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women_in_science" title="Timeline of women in science">Timeline of women in science</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Smith-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">*<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith2015" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Yvette (November 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/katherine-johnson-the-girl-who-loved-to-count">"Katherine Johnson: The Girl Who Loved to Count"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212013908/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/katherine-johnson-the-girl-who-loved-to-count/">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2016</span>. <q>Her calculations proved as critical to the success of the Apollo Moon landing program and the start of the Space Shuttle program, as they did to those first steps on the country's journey into space.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Katherine+Johnson%3A+The+Girl+Who+Loved+to+Count&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2015-11-24&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Yvette&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fkatherine-johnson-the-girl-who-loved-to-count&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2020" class="citation web cs1">Fox, Margalit (February 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/science/katherine-johnson-dead.html">"Katherine Johnson Dies at 101; Mathematician Broke Barriers at NASA"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson+Dies+at+101%3B+Mathematician+Broke+Barriers+at+NASA&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Margalit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F24%2Fscience%2Fkatherine-johnson-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-off-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-off_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-off_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcEDJOWka58">"Hidden Figures To Modern Figures: Students See SLS Rocket at Michoud"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. Marshall Space Flight Center. November 24, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/WcEDJOWka58">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Hidden+Figures+To+Modern+Figures%3A+Students+See+SLS+Rocket+at+Michoud&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DWcEDJOWka58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_B._Edge2020" class="citation book cs1">Laura B. Edge (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YIDADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64"><i>Apollo 13: A Successful Failure</i></a>. Millbrook Press. pp. 64–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781541595781" title="Special:BookSources/9781541595781"><bdi>9781541595781</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apollo+13%3A+A+Successful+Failure&rft.pages=64-65&rft.pub=Millbrook+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781541595781&rft.au=Laura+B.+Edge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYIDADwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa.gov-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nasa.gov_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/hidden-figures-honored-at-us-capitol-for-congressional-gold-medal">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Hidden Figures' Honored at U.S. Capitol for Congressional Gold Medal"</a>. December 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Hidden+Figures%27+Honored+at+U.S.+Capitol+for+Congressional+Gold+Medal&rft.date=2019-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fhidden-figures-honored-at-us-capitol-for-congressional-gold-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inquirer.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inquirer.com_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inquirer.com_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inquirer.com/news/womens-half-fame-michelle-obama-20210308.html">"Michelle Obama, Mia Hamm chosen for Women's Hall of Fame"</a>. March 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michelle+Obama%2C+Mia+Hamm+chosen+for+Women%27s+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=2021-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inquirer.com%2Fnews%2Fwomens-half-fame-michelle-obama-20210308.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margalit_Fox" title="Margalit Fox">Fox, Margalit</a> (February 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/science/katherine-johnson-dead.html">"Katherine Johnson Dies at 101; Mathematician Broke Barriers at NASA"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. A1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224154106/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/science/katherine-johnson-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson+Dies+at+101%3B+Mathematician+Broke+Barriers+at+NASA&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Margalit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F24%2Fscience%2Fkatherine-johnson-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katherine_Johnson_-_Oral_History_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223212717/http://www.visionaryproject.org/johnsonkatherine/">"Katherine Johnson – Oral History"</a>. <i>National Visionary Leadership Project</i>. Archived from the original on February 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Visionary+Leadership+Project&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson+%E2%80%93+Oral+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionaryproject.org%2Fjohnsonkatherine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkins2019" class="citation book cs1">Wilkins, Ebony Joy (January 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EilyDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Joylette+Roberta+Lowe%22&pg=PA8"><i>DK Life Stories Katherine Johnson</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781465485953" title="Special:BookSources/9781465485953"><bdi>9781465485953</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DK+Life+Stories+Katherine+Johnson&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2019-01-08&rft.isbn=9781465485953&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=Ebony+Joy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEilyDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Joylette%2BRoberta%2BLowe%2522%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1962" class="citation web cs1">Cook, Robert Cecil (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mdagAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Joylette+Roberta+Lowe%22">"Who's who in American Education"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who%27s+who+in+American+Education&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Robert+Cecil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmdagAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Joylette%2BRoberta%2BLowe%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShetterly2016" class="citation news cs1">Shetterly, Margot Lee (December 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nautil.us/issue/43/Heroes/the-woman-the-mercury-astronauts-couldnt-do-without">"The Woman the Mercury Astronauts Couldn't Do Without"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_(science_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nautilus (science magazine)">Nautilus</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161204125744/http://nautil.us/issue/43/heroes/the-woman-the-mercury-astronauts-couldnt-do-without">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nautilus&rft.atitle=The+Woman+the+Mercury+Astronauts+Couldn%27t+Do+Without&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.aulast=Shetterly&rft.aufirst=Margot+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnautil.us%2Fissue%2F43%2FHeroes%2Fthe-woman-the-mercury-astronauts-couldnt-do-without&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gutman-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gutman_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gutman_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutman2015" class="citation web cs1">Gutman, David (December 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/20151226/west-virginian-of-the-year-katherine-g-johnson">"West Virginian of the Year: Katherine G. Johnson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Gazette-Mail" title="Charleston Gazette-Mail">Charleston Gazette-Mail</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827135853/http://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/20151226/west-virginian-of-the-year-katherine-g-johnson">Archived</a> from the original on August 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charleston+Gazette-Mail&rft.atitle=West+Virginian+of+the+Year%3A+Katherine+G.+Johnson&rft.date=2015-12-26&rft.aulast=Gutman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wvgazettemail.com%2Fnews%2F20151226%2Fwest-virginian-of-the-year-katherine-g-johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShetterly2016" class="citation web cs1">Shetterly, Margot Lee (December 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/content/katherine-johnson-biography">"From Hidden to Modern Figures – Katherine Johnson Biography"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908094437/https://www.nasa.gov/content/katherine-johnson-biography/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=From+Hidden+to+Modern+Figures+%E2%80%93+Katherine+Johnson+Biography&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.aulast=Shetterly&rft.aufirst=Margot+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcontent%2Fkatherine-johnson-biography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA_feature-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_feature_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_feature_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYvette_Smith2015" class="citation web cs1">Yvette Smith, ed. (November 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/katherine-johnson-the-girl-who-loved-to-count">"Katherine Johnson: The Girl Who Loved to Count"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228205427/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/katherine-johnson-the-girl-who-loved-to-count/">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2017</span>. <q>Fascinated by numbers and smart to boot, for by the time she was 10 years old, she was a high school freshman – a truly amazing feat in an era when school for African-Americans normally stopped at eighth grade for those who could indulge in that luxury. Katherine skipped several grades to graduate from high school at 14 and from college at 18.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson%3A+The+Girl+Who+Loved+to+Count&rft.date=2015-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fkatherine-johnson-the-girl-who-loved-to-count&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacegrant.org/programs/service-award/johnson/">"Johnson"</a>. <i>National Space Grant Foundation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226170728/https://spacegrant.org/programs/service-award/johnson/">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Space+Grant+Foundation&rft.atitle=Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacegrant.org%2Fprograms%2Fservice-award%2Fjohnson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA_bio-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_bio_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_bio_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_bio_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_bio_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_bio_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoff2016" class="citation news cs1">Loff, Sarah (November 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/content/katherine-johnson-biography">"Katherine Johnson Biography"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908094437/https://www.nasa.gov/content/katherine-johnson-biography/">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson+Biography&rft.date=2016-11-22&rft.aulast=Loff&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcontent%2Fkatherine-johnson-biography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShetterly2016" class="citation book cs1">Shetterly, Margot Lee (September 6, 2016). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hiddenfiguresame0000shet"><i>Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race</i></a></span>. William Morrow. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hiddenfiguresame0000shet/page/24">24</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-236361-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-236361-9"><bdi>978-0-06-236361-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hidden+Figures%3A+The+American+Dream+and+the+Untold+Story+of+the+Black+Women+Mathematicians+Who+Helped+Win+the+Space+Race&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=2016-09-06&rft.isbn=978-0-06-236361-9&rft.aulast=Shetterly&rft.aufirst=Margot+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhiddenfiguresame0000shet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WVGazetteMail-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WVGazetteMail_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutman2015" class="citation web cs1">Gutman, David (November 16, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wvgazettemail.com/article/20151116/GZ01/151119605/1101">"WV native, NASA mathematician to receive Presidential Medal of Freedom"</a>. <i>WV Gazette Mail: Charleston Gazette-Mail</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216001223/http://www.wvgazettemail.com/article/20151116/GZ01/151119605/1101">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WV+Gazette+Mail%3A+Charleston+Gazette-Mail&rft.atitle=WV+native%2C+NASA+mathematician+to+receive+Presidential+Medal+of+Freedom&rft.date=2015-11-16&rft.aulast=Gutman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wvgazettemail.com%2Farticle%2F20151116%2FGZ01%2F151119605%2F1101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302025622/http://honorarydegrees.wvu.edu/katherine-g-johnson">"Katherine G. Johnson – Presidential Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters"</a>. <i>West Virginia University</i>. WVU. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://honorarydegrees.wvu.edu/katherine-g-johnson">the original</a> on March 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2017</span>. <q>Katherine Johnson graduated from high school at age 14 and from college at 18.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=West+Virginia+University&rft.atitle=Katherine+G.+Johnson+%E2%80%93+Presidential+Honorary+Doctorate+of+Humane+Letters&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhonorarydegrees.wvu.edu%2Fkatherine-g-johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.watchtheyard.com/akas/alpha-kappa-alpha-legos/">"These Two Famous Alpha Kappa Alpha Members Are Getting Their Own Legos"</a>. <i>Watch The Yard</i>. August 15, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226171037/https://www.watchtheyard.com/akas/alpha-kappa-alpha-legos/">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Watch+The+Yard&rft.atitle=These+Two+Famous+Alpha+Kappa+Alpha+Members+Are+Getting+Their+Own+Legos&rft.date=2017-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.watchtheyard.com%2Fakas%2Falpha-kappa-alpha-legos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter-Nichols2017" class="citation news cs1">Porter-Nichols, Stephanie (January 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swvatoday.com/news/smyth_county/article_35c83f32-df64-11e6-a8e6-bfcf3ba856af.html">"Council honors one-time Marion teacher Katherine Johnson of 'Hidden Figures'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>SWVA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014092136/https://www.swvatoday.com/news/smyth_county/article_35c83f32-df64-11e6-a8e6-bfcf3ba856af.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SWVA+Today&rft.atitle=Council+honors+one-time+Marion+teacher+Katherine+Johnson+of+%27Hidden+Figures%27&rft.date=2017-01-24&rft.aulast=Porter-Nichols&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swvatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fsmyth_county%2Farticle_35c83f32-df64-11e6-a8e6-bfcf3ba856af.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/305/337/case.html">"Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada 305 U.S. 337 (1938)"</a>. <i>Justia US Supreme Court</i>. 1938. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160217034207/https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/305/337/case.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Justia+US+Supreme+Court&rft.atitle=Missouri+ex+rel.+Gaines+v.+Canada+305+U.S.+337+%281938%29&rft.date=1938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupreme.justia.com%2Fcases%2Ffederal%2Fus%2F305%2F337%2Fcase.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jim_Hodges-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jim_Hodges_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jim_Hodges_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodges2008" class="citation web cs1">Hodges, Jim (August 26, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_kjohnson.html">"She Was a Computer When Computers Wore Skirts"</a>. <i>Langley Research Center</i>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161114124545/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_kjohnson.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Langley+Research+Center&rft.atitle=She+Was+a+Computer+When+Computers+Wore+Skirts&rft.date=2008-08-26&rft.aulast=Hodges&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters%2Flangley%2Fnews%2Fresearchernews%2Frn_kjohnson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-buckley-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-buckley_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-buckley_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2016" class="citation news cs1">Buckley, Cara (September 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/06/books/on-being-black-female-math-whizzes-during-the-space-race.html">"On Being a Black Female Math Whiz During the Space Race"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. C1. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160906030123/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/06/books/on-being-black-female-math-whizzes-during-the-space-race.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+Being+a+Black+Female+Math+Whiz+During+the+Space+Race&rft.pages=C1&rft.date=2016-09-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Cara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F09%2F06%2Fbooks%2Fon-being-black-female-math-whizzes-during-the-space-race.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyvshollywood.com/video/katherine-johnson-interview-nasa/">"Katherine Johnson Interview: NASA's Human-Computer"</a>. <i>HistoryvsHollywood.com</i>. CTF Media. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170303050429/http://www.historyvshollywood.com/video/katherine-johnson-interview-nasa/">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HistoryvsHollywood.com&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson+Interview%3A+NASA%27s+Human-Computer&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyvshollywood.com%2Fvideo%2Fkatherine-johnson-interview-nasa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1999" class="citation book cs1">Warren, Wini (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackwomenscient00warr"><i>Black Women Scientists in the United States</i></a></span>. Indiana University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackwomenscient00warr/page/n172">143</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-33603-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-33603-3"><bdi>978-0-253-33603-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Women+Scientists+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-253-33603-3&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Wini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackwomenscient00warr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitney2016" class="citation web cs1">Whitney, A. K. (February 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/71576/black-female-mathematicians-who-sent-astronauts-space">"The Black Female Mathematicians Who Sent Astronauts to Space"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mental_Floss" title="Mental Floss">Mental Floss</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180705103936/http://mentalfloss.com/article/71576/black-female-mathematicians-who-sent-astronauts-space">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mental+Floss&rft.atitle=The+Black+Female+Mathematicians+Who+Sent+Astronauts+to+Space&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=A.+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmentalfloss.com%2Farticle%2F71576%2Fblack-female-mathematicians-who-sent-astronauts-space&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MakersBio-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MakersBio_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.makers.com/katherine-g-johnson">"Makers Profile: Katherine G. Johnson"</a>. <i>Makers</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105162815/https://www.makers.com/katherine-g-johnson">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Makers&rft.atitle=Makers+Profile%3A+Katherine+G.+Johnson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.makers.com%2Fkatherine-g-johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sloat-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sloat_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sloat_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSloat2016" class="citation web cs1">Sloat, Sarah (August 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inverse.com/article/19694-5-facts-about-katherine-johnson-hidden-figure">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Hidden Figures' Gives NASA Mathematicians Long Overdue Movie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inverse_(website)" title="Inverse (website)">Inverse.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Hidden+Figures%27+Gives+NASA+Mathematicians+Long+Overdue+Movie&rft.pub=Inverse.com&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft.aulast=Sloat&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inverse.com%2Farticle%2F19694-5-facts-about-katherine-johnson-hidden-figure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biography.com-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-biography.com_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography.com_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography.com_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography.com_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-biography.com_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/katherine-g-johnson-101016">"Katherine Johnson Biography"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biography.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Biography.com">Biography.com</a></i>. A&E Television Networks. October 10, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180831162903/https://www.biography.com/people/katherine-g-johnson-101016">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography.com&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson+Biography&rft.date=2016-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fkatherine-g-johnson-101016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2016/09/25/495179824/hidden-figures-how-black-women-did-the-math-that-put-men-on-the-moon">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Hidden Figures': How Black Women Did The Math That Put Men on the Moon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/All_Things_Considered" title="All Things Considered">All Things Considered</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. September 25, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301062054/http://www.npr.org/2016/09/25/495179824/hidden-figures-how-black-women-did-the-math-that-put-men-on-the-moon">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+Things+Considered&rft.atitle=%27Hidden+Figures%27%3A+How+Black+Women+Did+The+Math+That+Put+Men+on+the+Moon&rft.date=2016-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2016%2F09%2F25%2F495179824%2Fhidden-figures-how-black-women-did-the-math-that-put-men-on-the-moon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-businside-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-businside_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-businside_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartels2016" class="citation web cs1">Bartels, Meghan (August 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/katherine-johnson-hidden-figures-nasa-human-computers-2016-8/#johnsons-time-as-a-teacher-hasnt-ever-really-ended-she-strongly-believes-people-need-to-learn-how-to-learn-i-teach-you-what-the-problem-is-how-to-attack-it--if-you-attack-it-properly-youll-get-the-answer-she-said-in-a-2011-interview-28">"The unbelievable life of the forgotten genius who turned Americans' space dreams into reality"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. Business Insider Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170303122553/http://www.businessinsider.com/katherine-johnson-hidden-figures-nasa-human-computers-2016-8/#johnsons-time-as-a-teacher-hasnt-ever-really-ended-she-strongly-believes-people-need-to-learn-how-to-learn-i-teach-you-what-the-problem-is-how-to-attack-it--if-you-attack-it-properly-youll-get-the-answer-she-said-in-a-2011-interview-28">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+unbelievable+life+of+the+forgotten+genius+who+turned+Americans%27+space+dreams+into+reality&rft.date=2016-08-22&rft.aulast=Bartels&rft.aufirst=Meghan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fkatherine-johnson-hidden-figures-nasa-human-computers-2016-8%2F%23johnsons-time-as-a-teacher-hasnt-ever-really-ended-she-strongly-believes-people-need-to-learn-how-to-learn-i-teach-you-what-the-problem-is-how-to-attack-it--if-you-attack-it-properly-youll-get-the-answer-she-said-in-a-2011-interview-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guglielmi-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guglielmi_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuglielmi2016" class="citation news cs1">Guglielmi, Jodi (August 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.com/movies/katherine-johnson-turns-98/">"Katherine Johnson, Legendary Mathematician and Inspiration for the Upcoming Film Hidden Figures, Turns 98"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116183513/http://people.com/movies/katherine-johnson-turns-98/">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson%2C+Legendary+Mathematician+and+Inspiration+for+the+Upcoming+Film+Hidden+Figures%2C+Turns+98&rft.date=2016-08-26&rft.aulast=Guglielmi&rft.aufirst=Jodi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Fmovies%2Fkatherine-johnson-turns-98%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/history/2020/02/mathematics-pioneer-katherine-johnson-portrayed-in-hidden-figures-dies-at-101.html">"Mathematics pioneer Katherine Johnson, portrayed in 'Hidden Figures,' dies at 101"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a></i>. Associated Press. February 24, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200225171953/https://www.oregonlive.com/history/2020/02/mathematics-pioneer-katherine-johnson-portrayed-in-hidden-figures-dies-at-101.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Mathematics+pioneer+Katherine+Johnson%2C+portrayed+in+%27Hidden+Figures%2C%27+dies+at+101&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fhistory%2F2020%2F02%2Fmathematics-pioneer-katherine-johnson-portrayed-in-hidden-figures-dies-at-101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kj-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kj_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonHylickMoore2021" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Katherine; Hylick, Joylette; Moore, Katherine (May 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lithub.com/how-a-pioneering-mathematician-held-her-family-together-in-the-wake-of-her-husbans-medical-emergency/">"How a Pioneering Mathematician Held Her Family Together in the Wake of Her Husband's Medical Emergency"</a>. <i>Literary Hub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Literary+Hub&rft.atitle=How+a+Pioneering+Mathematician+Held+Her+Family+Together+in+the+Wake+of+Her+Husband%27s+Medical+Emergency&rft.date=2021-05-26&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.au=Hylick%2C+Joylette&rft.au=Moore%2C+Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flithub.com%2Fhow-a-pioneering-mathematician-held-her-family-together-in-the-wake-of-her-husbans-medical-emergency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-St_Andrews-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-St_Andrews_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._J._O'ConnorE._F._Robertson2020" class="citation web cs1">J. J. O'Connor; E. F. Robertson (February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Johnson_Katherine.html">"Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson"</a>. <i>School of Mathematics & Statistics University of St Andrews, UK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180622080756/http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Johnson_Katherine.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=School+of+Mathematics+%26+Statistics+University+of+St+Andrews%2C+UK&rft.atitle=Katherine+Coleman+Goble+Johnson&rft.date=2020-02&rft.au=J.+J.+O%27Connor&rft.au=E.+F.+Robertson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FJohnson_Katherine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohsmithandsonfuneralhome.com/obituary/james-johnson">"Obituary: James A. Johnson"</a>. O.H. Smith & Son Funeral Home<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obituary%3A+James+A.+Johnson&rft.pub=O.H.+Smith+%26+Son+Funeral+Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohsmithandsonfuneralhome.com%2Fobituary%2Fjames-johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFountain2020" class="citation news cs1">Fountain, Nigel (February 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/feb/24/katherine-johnson-obituary">"Katherine Johnson obituary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226023231/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/feb/24/katherine-johnson-obituary">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson+obituary&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Fountain&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2020%2Ffeb%2F24%2Fkatherine-johnson-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170220071820/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/311241">"The Untold History of Women in Science and Technology: Katherine Johnson"</a>. <i>The White House</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/311241">the original</a> on February 20, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+House&rft.atitle=The+Untold+History+of+Women+in+Science+and+Technology%3A+Katherine+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fnode%2F311241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrekke2017" class="citation web cs1">Brekke, Gregg (January 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224164531/https://pres-outlook.org/2017/01/real-life-hidden-figures-mathematician-longtime-presbyterian/">"Real life 'Hidden Figures' mathematician is longtime Presbyterian"</a>. <i>The Presbyterian Outlook</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pres-outlook.org/2017/01/real-life-hidden-figures-mathematician-longtime-presbyterian/">the original</a> on February 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Presbyterian+Outlook&rft.atitle=Real+life+%27Hidden+Figures%27+mathematician+is+longtime+Presbyterian&rft.date=2017-01-10&rft.aulast=Brekke&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpres-outlook.org%2F2017%2F01%2Freal-life-hidden-figures-mathematician-longtime-presbyterian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wtkr.com/news/local-hero-nasa-mathematician-katherine-johnson-dies-at-101">"Local hero, NASA mathematician Katherine Johnson dies at 101"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WTKR" title="WTKR">WTKR</a></i>. February 24, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224193445/https://www.wtkr.com/news/local-hero-nasa-mathematician-katherine-johnson-dies-at-101">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTKR&rft.atitle=Local+hero%2C+NASA+mathematician+Katherine+Johnson+dies+at+101&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtkr.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-hero-nasa-mathematician-katherine-johnson-dies-at-101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridenstine2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bridenstine" title="Jim Bridenstine">Bridenstine, Jim [@JimBridenstine]</a> (February 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/JimBridenstine/status/1231946829962584065">"Our @NASA family is sad to learn the news that Katherine Johnson passed away this morning at 101 years old. She was an American hero and her pioneering legacy will never be forgotten. https://www.nasa.gov/content/katherine-johnson-biography"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+%40NASA+family+is+sad+to+learn+the+news+that+Katherine+Johnson+passed+away+this+morning+at+101+years+old.+She+was+an+American+hero+and+her+pioneering+legacy+will+never+be+forgotten.+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcontent%2Fkatherine-johnson-biography&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft.aulast=Bridenstine&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FJimBridenstine%2Fstatus%2F1231946829962584065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASAHistory-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASAHistory_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASAHistory_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crgis.ndc.nasa.gov/historic/Katherine_Johnson">"Human computers: Katherine G. Johnson"</a>. <i>NASA Cultural Resources (CRGIS)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150719141646/http://crgis.ndc.nasa.gov/historic/Katherine_Johnson">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Cultural+Resources+%28CRGIS%29&rft.atitle=Human+computers%3A+Katherine+G.+Johnson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcrgis.ndc.nasa.gov%2Fhistoric%2FKatherine_Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCIENCEYEAR-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SCIENCEYEAR_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061021221512/http://www.scienceyear.com/text_only/outthere/black_history/johnson.html">"Black history... Katherine G Johnson (1918 – retired)"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Planet Science</i>. NESTA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scienceyear.com/text_only/outthere/black_history/johnson.html">the original</a> on October 21, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planet+Science&rft.atitle=Black+history...+Katherine+G+Johnson+%281918+%E2%80%93+retired%29%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceyear.com%2Ftext_only%2Foutthere%2Fblack_history%2Fjohnson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THINKQUEST-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-THINKQUEST_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304132115/http://library.thinkquest.org/2907/katherine_johnson.html">"Katherine G. Johnson: Physicist, Space Scientist, Mathematician"</a>. <i>ThinkQuest Library</i>. Oracle. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.thinkquest.org/2907/katherine_johnson.html">the original</a> on March 4, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThinkQuest+Library&rft.atitle=Katherine+G.+Johnson%3A+Physicist%2C+Space+Scientist%2C+Mathematician&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2F2907%2Fkatherine_johnson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler-Craig2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Naia_Butler-Craig" title="Naia Butler-Craig">Butler-Craig, Naia</a> (February 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/02/27/16-year-old-black-girl-nerds-its-good-that-katherine-johnson-is-no-longer-hidden/">"Perspective | For 16-year-old black girl nerds, it's good that Katherine Johnson is no longer hidden"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Perspective+%7C+For+16-year-old+black+girl+nerds%2C+it%27s+good+that+Katherine+Johnson+is+no+longer+hidden&rft.date=2020-02-27&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Butler-Craig&rft.aufirst=Naia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2F02%2F27%2F16-year-old-black-girl-nerds-its-good-that-katherine-johnson-is-no-longer-hidden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKetchum2015" class="citation news cs1">Ketchum, Sarah J. (November 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33958124/daily_press/">"Peninsula Officials: Regions Disaster-Ready"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Press_(Virginia)" title="Daily Press (Virginia)">Daily Press</a></i>. Newport News, Virginia. p. A1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717170608/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33958124/daily_press/">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2019</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&rft.atitle=Peninsula+Officials%3A+Regions+Disaster-Ready&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2015-11-17&rft.aulast=Ketchum&rft.aufirst=Sarah+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F33958124%2Fdaily_press%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smTcsodvEqM">"Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility Ribbon Cutting"</a>. <i>NASA Langley Research Center</i>. September 22, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171003233559/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smTcsodvEqM">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2017</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Langley+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Katherine+G.+Johnson+Computational+Research+Facility+Ribbon+Cutting&rft.date=2017-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DsmTcsodvEqM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Root-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Root_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarriot2017" class="citation news cs1">Harriot, Michale (September 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theroot.com/nasa-dedicates-building-to-hidden-figures-heroine-kathe-1818701871">"NASA Dedicates Building To Hidden Figures Heroine Katherine Johnson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Root_(magazine)" title="The Root (magazine)">The Root</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924192530/http://www.theroot.com/nasa-dedicates-building-to-hidden-figures-heroine-kathe-1818701871">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NASA+Dedicates+Building+To+Hidden+Figures+Heroine+Katherine+Johnson&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft.aulast=Harriot&rft.aufirst=Michale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theroot.com%2Fnasa-dedicates-building-to-hidden-figures-heroine-kathe-1818701871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorthon2016" class="citation web cs1">Northon, Karen (April 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-dedicates-facility-to-mathematician-presidential-medal-winner">"NASA Dedicates Facility to Mathematician, Presidential Medal Winner"</a>. NASA. M16-046. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160730102759/http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-dedicates-facility-to-mathematician-presidential-medal-winner/">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Dedicates+Facility+to+Mathematician%2C+Presidential+Medal+Winner&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft.aulast=Northon&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpress-release%2Fnasa-dedicates-facility-to-mathematician-presidential-medal-winner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoff2016" class="citation web cs1">Loff, Sarah (August 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/katherine-johnson-at-nasa-langley-research-center">"Katherine Johnson at NASA Langley Research Center"</a>. <i>NASA History</i>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302193912/https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/katherine-johnson-at-nasa-langley-research-center/">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+History&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson+at+NASA+Langley+Research+Center&rft.date=2016-08-26&rft.aulast=Loff&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fimage-feature%2Fkatherine-johnson-at-nasa-langley-research-center&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2019" class="citation web cs1">Cook, Gina (February 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcwashington.com/entertainment/the-scene/NASA-Renames-Facility-to-Honor-Hidden-Figure-Katherine-Johnson-506249461.html">"NASA Honors 'Hidden Figure' Katherine Johnson"</a>. <i>NBC4 Washington</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190224093056/https://www.nbcwashington.com/entertainment/the-scene/NASA-Renames-Facility-to-Honor-Hidden-Figure-Katherine-Johnson-506249461.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC4+Washington&rft.atitle=NASA+Honors+%27Hidden+Figure%27+Katherine+Johnson&rft.date=2019-02-23&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Gina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcwashington.com%2Fentertainment%2Fthe-scene%2FNASA-Renames-Facility-to-Honor-Hidden-Figure-Katherine-Johnson-506249461.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-list2016-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-list2016_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-38012048">"BBC 100 Women 2016: Who is on the list?"</a>. BBC News. November 21, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223235036/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-38012048">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+100+Women+2016%3A+Who+is+on+the+list%3F&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-38012048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrady2018" class="citation web cs1">Brady, Hillary (August 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/women-nasa-lego-prototype-joins-collection">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Women of NASA" LEGO Prototype Joins Collection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_National_Air_and_Space_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum">Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013147/https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/women-nasa-lego-prototype-joins-collection">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Women+of+NASA%22+LEGO+Prototype+Joins+Collection&rft.pub=Smithsonian+National+Air+and+Space+Museum&rft.date=2018-08-27&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Hillary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fairandspace.si.edu%2Fstories%2Feditorial%2Fwomen-nasa-lego-prototype-joins-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeymann2018" class="citation news cs1">Heymann, Amelia (May 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vagazette.com/news/va-vg-wm-commencement-20180516-story.html">"William and Mary commencement sends graduates out on new adventure"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Virginia_Gazette" title="The Virginia Gazette">The Virginia Gazette</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613184433/http://www.vagazette.com/news/va-vg-wm-commencement-20180516-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Virginia+Gazette&rft.atitle=William+and+Mary+commencement+sends+graduates+out+on+new+adventure&rft.date=2018-05-12&rft.aulast=Heymann&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vagazette.com%2Fnews%2Fva-vg-wm-commencement-20180516-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wvstateu.edu/CampusNews/2018/May/West-Virginia-State-University-to-Honor-Katherine.aspx">"West Virginia State University to Honor Katherine Johnson with Statue, Scholarship"</a>. WVSU. May 31, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613160530/http://www.wvstateu.edu/CampusNews/2018/May/West-Virginia-State-University-to-Honor-Katherine.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=West+Virginia+State+University+to+Honor+Katherine+Johnson+with+Statue%2C+Scholarship&rft.pub=WVSU&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wvstateu.edu%2FCampusNews%2F2018%2FMay%2FWest-Virginia-State-University-to-Honor-Katherine.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrini2018" class="citation web cs1">Petrini, Andi (March 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailypress.com/entertainment/dp-fea-katherine-johnson-barbie-20180306-story.html">"Katherine Johnson to be included in Barbie 'Inspiring Women' series"</a>. <i>Daily Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180903013353/http://www.dailypress.com/entertainment/dp-fea-katherine-johnson-barbie-20180306-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson+to+be+included+in+Barbie+%27Inspiring+Women%27+series&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft.aulast=Petrini&rft.aufirst=Andi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypress.com%2Fentertainment%2Fdp-fea-katherine-johnson-barbie-20180306-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoop2019" class="citation web cs1">Shoop, Tom (August 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govexec.com/management/2019/08/inaugural-inductees-government-hall-fame-unveiled/159156/">"Inaugural Inductees Into Government Hall of Fame Unveiled"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Government_Executive" title="Government Executive">Government Executive</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190815155258/https://www.govexec.com/management/2019/08/inaugural-inductees-government-hall-fame-unveiled/159156/">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+Executive&rft.atitle=Inaugural+Inductees+Into+Government+Hall+of+Fame+Unveiled&rft.date=2019-08-15&rft.aulast=Shoop&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govexec.com%2Fmanagement%2F2019%2F08%2Finaugural-inductees-government-hall-fame-unveiled%2F159156%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.gmu.edu/news/2019-06/katherine-g-johnson-hall-will-be-beacon-mason-students">"Katherine G. Johnson Hall will be a beacon for Mason students"</a>. <i>George Mason University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=George+Mason+University&rft.atitle=Katherine+G.+Johnson+Hall+will+be+a+beacon+for+Mason+students&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.gmu.edu%2Fnews%2F2019-06%2Fkatherine-g-johnson-hall-will-be-beacon-mason-students&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.q13fox.com/news/bethel-school-district-names-new-school-after-pioneering-black-nasa-mathematician-katherine-johnson">"Bethel School District names new school after pioneering black NASA mathematician Katherine Johnson"</a>. <i>Q13 FOX</i>. August 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Q13+FOX&rft.atitle=Bethel+School+District+names+new+school+after+pioneering+black+NASA+mathematician+Katherine+Johnson&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.q13fox.com%2Fnews%2Fbethel-school-district-names-new-school-after-pioneering-black-nasa-mathematician-katherine-johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityoffairfaxschools.org/apps/news/article/1330350">"City of Fairfax School Board Renames Lanier Middle School to Katherine Johnson Middle School"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Fairfax+School+Board+Renames+Lanier+Middle+School+to+Katherine+Johnson+Middle+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityoffairfaxschools.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F1330350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlotkin2021" class="citation web cs1">Slotkin, Jason (February 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/02/20/969790056/spacecraft-named-for-hidden-figures-mathematician-launches-from-virginia">"Spacecraft Named For 'Hidden Figures' Mathematician Launches From Virginia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Spacecraft+Named+For+%27Hidden+Figures%27+Mathematician+Launches+From+Virginia&rft.date=2021-02-20&rft.aulast=Slotkin&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F02%2F20%2F969790056%2Fspacecraft-named-for-hidden-figures-mathematician-launches-from-virginia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sanjuan.edu/johnson">"Welcome to Catherine Johnson Middle School home of the Astros"</a>. <i>San Juan Unified School District</i>. June 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Juan+Unified+School+District&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Catherine+Johnson+Middle+School+home+of+the+Astros&rft.date=2021-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanjuan.edu%2Fjohnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wmar2news.com/news/local-news/ribbon-cutting-ceremonies-held-for-new-schools">"Ribbon cutting ceremonies held for new schools"</a>. <i>WMAR 2 News Baltimore</i>. August 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WMAR+2+News+Baltimore&rft.atitle=Ribbon+cutting+ceremonies+held+for+new+schools&rft.date=2021-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmar2news.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fribbon-cutting-ceremonies-held-for-new-schools&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaple2017" class="citation web cs1">Maple, Taylor (February 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/real-life-subject-hidden-figures-receives-standing-ovation/story?id=45755913">"Katherine Johnson, the real-life subject of 'Hidden Figures' receives standing ovation at Oscars"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227050544/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/real-life-subject-hidden-figures-receives-standing-ovation/story?id=45755913">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson%2C+the+real-life+subject+of+%27Hidden+Figures%27+receives+standing+ovation+at+Oscars&rft.date=2017-02-26&rft.aulast=Maple&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FEntertainment%2Freal-life-subject-hidden-figures-receives-standing-ovation%2Fstory%3Fid%3D45755913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2017" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Amina (February 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-oscars-2017-89th-academy-awards-q-a-our-interview-with-katherine-g-1488161846-htmlstory.html">"Q&A: Our interview with Katherine G. Johnson, the real-life mathematician who inspired 'Hidden Figures'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. Los Angeles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301201003/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-oscars-2017-89th-academy-awards-q-a-our-interview-with-katherine-g-1488161846-htmlstory.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+Our+interview+with+Katherine+G.+Johnson%2C+the+real-life+mathematician+who+inspired+%27Hidden+Figures%27&rft.date=2017-02-26&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Amina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fla-oscars-2017-89th-academy-awards-q-a-our-interview-with-katherine-g-1488161846-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoemaker2016" class="citation web cs1">Shoemaker, Allison (November 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avclub.com/tvclub/timeless-needs-ditch-formula-246556">"Timeless needs to ditch the formula"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201123306/http://www.avclub.com/tvclub/timeless-needs-ditch-formula-246556">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&rft.atitle=Timeless+needs+to+ditch+the+formula&rft.date=2016-11-29&rft.aulast=Shoemaker&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Ftvclub%2Ftimeless-needs-ditch-formula-246556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HistoryMakers-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HistoryMakers_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/katherine-g-johnson-42">"Katherine G. Johnson: Biography"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Julieanna_Richardson#The_HistoryMakers" title="Julieanna Richardson">The History Makers</a></i>. February 6, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170108093434/http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/katherine-g-johnson-42">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+History+Makers&rft.atitle=Katherine+G.+Johnson%3A+Biography&rft.date=2012-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehistorymakers.com%2Fbiography%2Fkatherine-g-johnson-42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1982" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Marianna W. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2eztAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Katherine+Johnson%22+%22Lunar+Spacecraft+and+Operations%22+%221977%22+%22Group+Achievement+Award%22"><i>Contributions of Black Women to America: Civil rights, politics, and government, education, medicine, sciences</i></a>. Kenday Press. p. 462. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8346862">8346862</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contributions+of+Black+Women+to+America%3A+Civil+rights%2C+politics%2C+and+government%2C+education%2C+medicine%2C+sciences&rft.pages=462&rft.pub=Kenday+Press&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8346862&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Marianna+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2eztAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Katherine%2BJohnson%2522%2B%2522Lunar%2BSpacecraft%2Band%2BOperations%2522%2B%25221977%2522%2B%2522Group%2BAchievement%2BAward%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAR-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAR_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAR_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171001155251/http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/kathrine-g-johnson-value-nasa">"Katherine Johnson biography"</a>. <i>African-American Registry</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/kathrine-g-johnson-value-nasa">the original</a> on October 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African-American+Registry&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson+biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaregistry.org%2Fhistoric_events%2Fview%2Fkathrine-g-johnson-value-nasa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CC-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CC_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100624073537/http://www.capitol-college.edu/files/file/PDFs/Media%20and%20Communications/06_07%20Capitol%20Chronicle.pdf">"Live, Learn, Pursue Passion – NASA Mathematician preps Class of 2006 to find its mission"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Capitol Chronicle</i>. Capitol College. Summer 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitol-college.edu/files/file/PDFs/Media%20and%20Communications/06_07%20Capitol%20Chronicle.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 24, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Capitol+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Live%2C+Learn%2C+Pursue+Passion+%E2%80%93+NASA+Mathematician+preps+Class+of+2006+to+find+its+mission&rft.ssn=summer&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitol-college.edu%2Ffiles%2Ffile%2FPDFs%2FMedia%2520and%2520Communications%2F06_07%2520Capitol%2520Chronicle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odu.edu/news/2017/1/mlk_observance_previ">"MLK Event to Feature 'Hidden Figures' Author Margot Lee Shetterly"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Old_Dominion_University" title="Old Dominion University">Old Dominion University</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417222748/https://www.odu.edu/news/2017/1/mlk_observance_previ">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Old+Dominion+University&rft.atitle=MLK+Event+to+Feature+%27Hidden+Figures%27+Author+Margot+Lee+Shetterly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odu.edu%2Fnews%2F2017%2F1%2Fmlk_observance_previ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dcoutlook.com/2014/10/national-womens-history-museum-presents.html">"National Women's History Museum Presents de Pizan Honors Gala"</a>. <i>dcoutlook.com</i>. October 19, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dcoutlook.com&rft.atitle=National+Women%27s+History+Museum+Presents+de+Pizan+Honors+Gala&rft.date=2014-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dcoutlook.com%2F2014%2F10%2Fnational-womens-history-museum-presents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncwit.org/profile/katherine-johnson">"Katherine Johnson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Women_%26_Information_Technology" title="National Center for Women & Information Technology">National Center for Women & Information Technology</a></i>. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220160118/https://www.ncwit.org/profile/katherine-johnson">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Women+%26+Information+Technology&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncwit.org%2Fprofile%2Fkatherine-johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelsel2015" class="citation web cs1">Helsel, Phil (November 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aol.com/article/2015/11/24/obama-honoring-spielberg-streisand-and-more-with-medal-of-freed/21272337/?icid=maing-grid7%7Chtmlws-sb-bb%7Cdl3%7Csec1_lnk3%26pLid%3D-40526639">"Obama honoring Spielberg, Streisand and more with medal of freedom"</a>. <i>AOL</i>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125221354/http://www.aol.com/article/2015/11/24/obama-honoring-spielberg-streisand-and-more-with-medal-of-freed/21272337/?icid=maing-grid7%7Chtmlws-sb-bb%7Cdl3%7Csec1_lnk3%26pLid%3D-40526639">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AOL&rft.atitle=Obama+honoring+Spielberg%2C+Streisand+and+more+with+medal+of+freedom&rft.date=2015-11-24&rft.aulast=Helsel&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aol.com%2Farticle%2F2015%2F11%2F24%2Fobama-honoring-spielberg-streisand-and-more-with-medal-of-freed%2F21272337%2F%3Ficid%3Dmaing-grid7%257Chtmlws-sb-bb%257Cdl3%257Csec1_lnk3%2526pLid%253D-40526639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/katherine-johnson-at-nasa-langley-research-center">"Katherine Johnson at NASA Langley Research Center"</a>. NASA. September 22, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107001046/http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/katherine-johnson-at-nasa-langley-research-center/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Katherine+Johnson+at+NASA+Langley+Research+Center&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fimage-feature%2Fkatherine-johnson-at-nasa-langley-research-center&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028151951/https://www.astrosociety.org/society-news/katherine-johnson-to-receive-the-asps-new-arthur-b-c-walker-ii-award/">"Katherine Johnson to receive the ASP's new Arthur B.C. Walker II Award"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Society_of_the_Pacific" title="Astronomical Society of the Pacific">Astronomical Society of the Pacific</a></i>. 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astrosociety.org/society-news/katherine-johnson-to-receive-the-asps-new-arthur-b-c-walker-ii-award/">the original</a> on October 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astronomical+Society+of+the+Pacific&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson+to+receive+the+ASP%27s+new+Arthur+B.C.+Walker+II+Award&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrosociety.org%2Fsociety-news%2Fkatherine-johnson-to-receive-the-asps-new-arthur-b-c-walker-ii-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302025622/http://honorarydegrees.wvu.edu/katherine-g-johnson">"Katherine G. Johnson Presidential Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters"</a>. West Virginia University. September 12, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://honorarydegrees.wvu.edu/katherine-g-johnson">the original</a> on March 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Katherine+G.+Johnson+Presidential+Honorary+Doctorate+of+Humane+Letters&rft.pub=West+Virginia+University&rft.date=2016-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhonorarydegrees.wvu.edu%2Fkatherine-g-johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoff2016" class="citation web cs1">Loff, Sarah (December 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/hidden-figures-premiere-and-award-ceremony">"Hidden Figures Premiere and Award Ceremony"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Hidden+Figures+Premiere+and+Award+Ceremony&rft.date=2016-12-02&rft.aulast=Loff&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fimage-feature%2Fhidden-figures-premiere-and-award-ceremony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dar.org/national-society/media-center/news-releases/126th-continental-congress-daughters-american-revolution">"126th Continental Congress Daughters of the American Revolution Convene in Washington, D.C."</a> <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution">Daughters of the American Revolution</a>. June 26, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190718072640/https://www.dar.org/national-society/media-center/news-releases/126th-continental-congress-daughters-american-revolution">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=126th+Continental+Congress+Daughters+of+the+American+Revolution+Convene+in+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Daughters+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.date=2017-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dar.org%2Fnational-society%2Fmedia-center%2Fnews-releases%2F126th-continental-congress-daughters-american-revolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spelman.edu/docs/presidents-office/past-honorary-degree-recipients.pdf?sfvrsn=cecf8c50_14">"Honorary Degree Recipients"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Spelman_College" title="Spelman College">Spelman College</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412075423/https://www.spelman.edu/docs/presidents-office/past-honorary-degree-recipients.pdf?sfvrsn=cecf8c50_14">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+Degree+Recipients&rft.pub=Spelman+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spelman.edu%2Fdocs%2Fpresidents-office%2Fpast-honorary-degree-recipients.pdf%3Fsfvrsn%3Dcecf8c50_14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2018/trailblazing-african-american-women-to-be-honored-at-william-mary-commencement.php">"Trailblazing African-American women to be honored at William & Mary Commencement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/College_of_William_%26_Mary" title="College of William & Mary">College of William & Mary</a>. March 23, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511235206/https://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2018/trailblazing-african-american-women-to-be-honored-at-william-mary-commencement.php">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trailblazing+African-American+women+to+be+honored+at+William+%26+Mary+Commencement&rft.pub=College+of+William+%26+Mary&rft.date=2018-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wm.edu%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2018%2Ftrailblazing-african-american-women-to-be-honored-at-william-mary-commencement.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ulneupo2H0">"2018 Honorary Degree: Katherine Johnson"</a>. William & Mary. May 12, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191226123238/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ulneupo2H0">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2019</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2018+Honorary+Degree%3A+Katherine+Johnson&rft.pub=William+%26+Mary&rft.date=2018-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D_ulneupo2H0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalinga2019" class="citation web cs1">Malinga, Sibahle (April 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itweb.co.za/content/LPwQ57lywXLMNgkj">"UJ honors 'human computer' Katherine Johnson"</a>. <i>ITWeb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ITWeb&rft.atitle=UJ+honors+%27human+computer%27+Katherine+Johnson&rft.date=2019-04-29&rft.aulast=Malinga&rft.aufirst=Sibahle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itweb.co.za%2Fcontent%2FLPwQ57lywXLMNgkj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uj.ac.za:443/newandevents/Pages/UJ-honours-NASA-pioneer-Katherine-Johnson.aspx">"UJ honors NASA pioneer and African-American icon Katherine Johnson"</a>. <i>University of Johannesburg</i>. April 29, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Johannesburg&rft.atitle=UJ+honors+NASA+pioneer+and+African-American+icon+Katherine+Johnson&rft.date=2019-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uj.ac.za%3A443%2Fnewandevents%2FPages%2FUJ-honours-NASA-pioneer-Katherine-Johnson.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-congress-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-congress_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1396?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22hr1396%22%5D%7D&r=1&s=1">"H.R.1396 - Hidden Figures Congressional Gold Medal Act"</a>. <i>Congress.gov</i>. November 8, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191109195154/https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1396%3Fq%3D%257B%2522search%2522:%255B%2522hr1396%2522%255D%257D%26r%3D1%26s%3D1">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Congress.gov&rft.atitle=H.R.1396+-+Hidden+Figures+Congressional+Gold+Medal+Act&rft.date=2019-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F116th-congress%2Fhouse-bill%2F1396%3Fq%3D%257B%2522search%2522%253A%255B%2522hr1396%2522%255D%257D%26r%3D1%26s%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-110819a-hidden-figures-congressional-gold-medal.html">"NASA's 'hidden figures' to be awarded Congressional Gold Medals"</a>. <i>collectSPACE</i>. November 8, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191109012341/http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-110819a-hidden-figures-congressional-gold-medal.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collectSPACE&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+%27hidden+figures%27+to+be+awarded+Congressional+Gold+Medals&rft.date=2019-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectspace.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-110819a-hidden-figures-congressional-gold-medal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Beverly Golemba, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crgis.ndc.nasa.gov/crgis/images/c/c7/Golemba.pdf">Human Computers: The Women in Aeronautical Research</a>,</i> unpublished manuscript 1994, NASA Langley Archives.</li> <li>Brigham Narins, <i>Notable Scientists: From 1900 to the Present</i>, Gale Group, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780787617547" title="Special:BookSources/9780787617547">9780787617547</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZierdt-WarshawWinklerBernstein2000" class="citation book cs1">Zierdt-Warshaw, Linda; Winkler, Alan; Bernstein, Leonard (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanwomenint0000zier"><i>American Women in Technology: an encyclopedia</i></a></span>. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1576070727" title="Special:BookSources/1576070727"><bdi>1576070727</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48139041">48139041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Women+in+Technology%3A+an+encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48139041&rft.isbn=1576070727&rft.aulast=Zierdt-Warshaw&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=Winkler%2C+Alan&rft.au=Bernstein%2C+Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanwomenint0000zier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1960" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Katherine (September 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227091">"Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position"</a>. <i>NTRS-NASA Technical Reports Server</i>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NTRS-NASA+Technical+Reports+Server&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Azimuth+Angle+at+Burnout+for+Placing+a+Satellite+Over+a+Selected+Earth+Position&rft.date=1960-09&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Fcitations%2F19980227091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcom2020" class="citation journal cs1">Malcom, Shirley (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.abc1546">"Katherine Johnson(1918-2020)"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>368</b> (6491). AAAS: 591. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020Sci...368..591M">2020Sci...368..591M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.abc1546">10.1126/science.abc1546</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32381711">32381711</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218552025">218552025</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Katherine+Johnson%281918-2020%29&rft.volume=368&rft.issue=6491&rft.pages=591&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.abc1546&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218552025%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32381711&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020Sci...368..591M&rft.aulast=Malcom&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.abc1546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShetterly2020" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Shetterly, Margot Lee (March 12, 2020). "Obituary: Katherine Johnson (1918–2020)". <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. 579, 341 (2020). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-020-00749-3">10.1038/d41586-020-00749-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:212681354">212681354</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Katherine+Johnson+%281918%E2%80%932020%29&rft.volume=579%2C+341+%282020%29&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fd41586-020-00749-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A212681354%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Shetterly&rft.aufirst=Margot+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatherine+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/katherine-johnson-nasa-mathematician-211312769.html">Katherine G. Johnson</a> Video produced by <i><a href="/wiki/Makers:_Women_Who_Make_America" title="Makers: Women Who Make America">Makers: Women Who Make America</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-535-7940r9nd42"><i>What Matters; Katherine Johnson: NASA Pioneer and "Computer"</i></a> WHRO, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/207382445">Katherine Johnson</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virginia_Women_in_History" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virginia_Women_in_History_Honorees" title="Template:Virginia Women in History Honorees"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virginia_Women_in_History_Honorees" title="Template talk:Virginia Women in History Honorees"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia_Women_in_History_Honorees" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia Women in History Honorees"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virginia_Women_in_History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Women_in_History" title="Virginia Women in History">Virginia Women in History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Graham_Agnew" title="Ella Graham Agnew">Ella Graham Agnew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Julia_Baldwin" title="Mary Julia Baldwin">Mary Julia Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Brent" title="Margaret Brent">Margaret Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Dean" title="Jennie Dean">Jennie Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lee_Fain" title="Sarah Lee Fain">Sarah Lee Fain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Glasgow" title="Ellen Glasgow">Ellen Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolley_Madison" title="Dolley Madison">Dolley Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementina_Rind" title="Clementina Rind">Clementina Rind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Meade_Valentine" title="Lila Meade Valentine">Lila Meade Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_L._Walker" title="Maggie L. Walker">Maggie L. Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Dixon_Bowser" title="Rosa Dixon Bowser">Rosa Dixon Bowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Campbell_(television)" title="Elizabeth Campbell (television)">Elizabeth Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasina_Jordan" title="Thomasina Jordan">Thomasina Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Keckley" title="Elizabeth Keckley">Elizabeth Keckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Pollak" title="Theresa Pollak">Theresa Pollak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Louisa_Tompkins" title="Sally Louisa Tompkins">Sally Louisa Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Van_Lew" title="Elizabeth Van Lew">Elizabeth Van Lew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wilson" title="Edith Wilson">Edith Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Adamson" title="Rebecca Adamson">Rebecca Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janie_Porter_Barrett" title="Janie Porter Barrett">Janie Porter Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Cline" title="Patsy Cline">Patsy Cline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Lee_Corbin" title="Hannah Lee Corbin">Hannah Lee Corbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Darden" title="Christine Darden">Christine Darden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lillian_Ward_McDaniel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lillian Ward McDaniel (page does not exist)">Lillian Ward McDaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary-Cooke_Branch_Munford" title="Mary-Cooke Branch Munford">Mary-Cooke Branch Munford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_M._Rattley" title="Jessie M. Rattley">Jessie M. Rattley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Astor,_Viscountess_Astor" title="Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor">Nancy Astor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Bailey" title="Pearl Bailey">Pearl Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Whitehead_Bodeker" title="Anna Whitehead Bodeker">Anna Whitehead Bodeker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Ann_Elliott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Ann Elliott (page does not exist)">Mary Ann Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annabella_R._Jenkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Annabella R. Jenkins">Annabelle Ravenscroft Gibson Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Benjamin_Johnston" title="Frances Benjamin Johnston">Frances Benjamin Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Dobie_Peebles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Dobie Peebles (page does not exist)">Anne Dobie Peebles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Spencer" title="Anne Spencer">Annie Bannister Spencer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Arents" title="Grace Arents">Grace Arents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockacoeske" title="Cockacoeske">Cockacoeske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Couric" title="Katie Couric">Katie Couric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Makemie_Holden" title="Anne Makemie Holden">Anne Makemie Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Draper_Ingles" title="Mary Draper Ingles">Mary Draper Ingles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Garland_Boyd_Jones" title="Sarah Garland Boyd Jones">Sarah Garland Boyd Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annie_Snyder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annie Snyder (page does not exist)">Annie Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Leach_Adams-Ender" class="mw-redirect" title="Clara Leach Adams-Ender">Clara Leach Adams-Ender</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caitlyn_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caitlyn Day (page does not exist)">Caitlyn Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Blount_Griffin" title="Bessie Blount Griffin">Bessie Blount Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Johnston" title="Mary Johnston">Mary Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Johns Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Smith_(fiction_author)" title="Lee Smith (fiction author)">Lee Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Belvin_Wade" title="Mary Belvin Wade">Mary Belvin Wade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Waller_Barrett" title="Kate Waller Barrett">Kate Waller Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Majella_Berg" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Majella Berg">Marie Majella Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John-Geline_MacDonald_Bowman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John-Geline MacDonald Bowman (page does not exist)">John-Geline MacDonald Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benita_Fitzgerald-Brown" title="Benita Fitzgerald-Brown">Benita Fitzgerald-Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Tyler_Freeman_Cheek_McClenahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan (page does not exist)">Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Anne_Richardson" title="G. Anne Richardson">G. Anne Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Virginia_Terhune" title="Mary Virginia Terhune">Mary Virginia Terhune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Willing_Byrd" title="Mary Willing Byrd">Mary Willing Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybelle_Carter" title="Maybelle Carter">Maybelle Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Copenhaver" title="Laura Copenhaver">Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Futrell" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Futrell">Mary Alice Franklin Hatwood Futrell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jeffery_Galt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Jeffery Galt (page does not exist)">Mary Jeffery Galt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Johnson" title="Sheila Johnson">Sheila Crump Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opossunoquonuske" title="Opossunoquonuske">Opossunoquonuske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Williams" title="Camilla Williams">Camilla Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Culpeper_Berkeley" title="Frances Culpeper Berkeley">Frances Culpeper Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Goode_Brooks" title="Lucy Goode Brooks">Lucy Goode Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providencia_Velazquez_Gonzalez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Providencia Velazquez Gonzalez (page does not exist)">Providencia Velazquez Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_B._Lacy" title="Elizabeth B. Lacy">Elizabeth B. Lacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharyn_McCrumb" title="Sharyn McCrumb">Sharyn McCrumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Buckley_Moss" title="P. Buckley Moss">P. Buckley Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabel_Wood_Rogers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabel Wood Rogers (page does not exist)">Isabel Wood Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Turner" title="Edith Turner">Edith Turner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Adams" title="Pauline Adams">Pauline Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Bradby_Cook" title="Caroline Bradby Cook">Caroline Bradby Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Emerson" title="Claudia Emerson">Claudia Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Gilpin_Faust" title="Drew Gilpin Faust">Drew Gilpin Faust</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joann_Hess_Grayson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joann Hess Grayson (page does not exist)">Joann Hess Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Randolph" title="Mary Randolph">Mary Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Randolph" title="Virginia Randolph">Virginia Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Sue_Terry" title="Mary Sue Terry">Mary Sue Terry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mollie_Holmes_Adams" title="Mollie Holmes Adams">Mollie Holmes Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Furman" title="Ethel Furman">Ethel Furman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edythe_Harrison" title="Edythe Harrison">Edythe C. Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Martin" title="Janis Martin">Janis Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mason_Rowland" title="Kate Mason Rowland">Kate Mason Rowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Skipwith" title="Jean Skipwith">Jean Miller Skipwith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queena_Stovall" title="Queena Stovall">Queena Stovall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Van_Landingham" title="Marian Van Landingham">Marian Van Landingham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Addison" title="Lucy Addison">Lucy Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Bontecou" title="Eleanor Bontecou">Eleanor Bontecou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_White_Fleming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emily White Fleming (page does not exist)">Emily White Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearl_Fu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearl Fu (page does not exist)">Pearl Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Lincoln" title="Lillian Lincoln">Lillian Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Niemeyer_Marshall" title="Bessie Niemeyer Marshall">Bessie Niemeyer Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felicia_Warburg_Rogan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felicia Warburg Rogan (page does not exist)">Felicia Warburg Rogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Henry_Campbell_Russell" title="Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell">Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susie_May_Ames" title="Susie May Ames">Susie May Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Beltran" title="Monica Beltran">Monica Beltran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiana_Burdett_Campbell" title="Christiana Burdett Campbell">Christiana Burdett Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betty_Sams_Christian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betty Sams Christian (page does not exist)">Betty Sams Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Peet_McIntosh" title="Elizabeth Peet McIntosh">Elizabeth Peet McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orelena_Hawks_Puckett" class="mw-redirect" title="Orelena Hawks Puckett">Orelena Hawks Puckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Shatin" title="Judith Shatin">Judith Shatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Jackson_Stuart" title="Alice Jackson Stuart">Alice Jackson Stuart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_C._Alexander" title="Mary C. Alexander">Mary C. Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Archer" title="Louise Archer">Louise Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Jaquelin_Ambler_Brent_Carrington" title="Elizabeth Jaquelin Ambler Brent Carrington">Elizabeth Ambler Brent Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Compton" title="Ann Compton">Ann Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JoAnn_Falletta" title="JoAnn Falletta">JoAnn Falletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleo_Powell" title="Cleo Powell">Cleo Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inez_Pruitt" title="Inez Pruitt">Inez Pruitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Mae_Fleming_Scott" title="Eva Mae Fleming Scott">Eva Mae Fleming Scott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Berkeley_Minor_Blackford" title="Mary Berkeley Minor Blackford">Mary Berkeley Minor Blackford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Silverman_Cohn" title="Naomi Silverman Cohn">Naomi Silverman Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ashburn_Duke" title="Elizabeth Ashburn Duke">Elizabeth Ashburn Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Findlay" title="Rachel Findlay">Rachel Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Herter_Kendall" title="Christine Herter Kendall">Christine Herter Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_and_Richard_Loving" title="Mildred and Richard Loving">Mildred Loving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Ryan" title="Debbie Ryan">Debbie Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_Winslett" title="Stoner Winslett">Stoner Winslett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Melvina_Caldwell" title="Nancy Melvina Caldwell">Nancy Melvina Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Giovanni" title="Nikki Giovanni">Nikki Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Coles_Harris" title="Ruth Coles Harris">Ruth Coles Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Shoemaker_McDiarmid" title="Dorothy Shoemaker McDiarmid">Dorothy Shoemaker McDiarmid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Dulaney_Peterkin" title="Rebekah Dulaney Peterkin">Rebekah Dulaney Peterkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Pinn" title="Vivian Pinn">Vivian Pinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bray_Allen" title="Elizabeth Bray Allen">Elizabeth Bray Allen Smith Stith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenne_Wood" title="Karenne Wood">Karenne Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_D._Crittenden" title="Flora D. Crittenden">Flora D. Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Nottingham_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Elizabeth Nottingham Day">Mary Elizabeth Nottingham Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_A._Gray" title="Sarah A. Gray">Sarah A. Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwilda_Gustava_Allen_Isaac" title="Edwilda Gustava Allen Isaac">Edwilda Gustava Allen Isaac</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Ines_Barragan_King" title="Ana Ines Barragan King">Ana Ines Barragan King</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betty_Masters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betty Masters (page does not exist)">Betty Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyera_Oberndorf" title="Meyera Oberndorf">Meyera Oberndorf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Crouse-Mays" title="Doris Crouse-Mays">Doris Crouse-Mays</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corazon_Sandoval_Foley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corazon Sandoval Foley (page does not exist)">Corazon Sandoval Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Houston" title="Nora Houston">Nora Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Eppes_Hudson" title="Cynthia Eppes Hudson">Cynthia Eppes Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Virginia_Jones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Virginia Jones (page does not exist)">Mary Virginia Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Harrison_McCraw" title="Louise Harrison McCraw">Louise Harrison McCraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undine_Smith_Moore" title="Undine Smith Moore">Undine Smith Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martha_Rollins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martha Rollins (page does not exist)">Martha Rollins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaye_Adegbalola" title="Gaye Adegbalola">Gaye Todd Adegbalola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Dove" title="Rita Dove">Rita Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Gibbons" title="Isabella Gibbons">Isabella Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marii_Hasegawa" title="Marii Hasegawa">Marii Kyogoku Hasegawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Coles_James" title="Kay Coles James">Kay Coles James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kingsolver" title="Barbara Kingsolver">Barbara Kingsolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_A._R._Marshall" title="Mary A. R. Marshall">Mary Aydelotte Rice Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_Flowerdew" title="Temperance Flowerdew">Temperance Flowerdew Yeardley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharifa_Alkhateeb" title="Sharifa Alkhateeb">Sharifa Alkhateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Ann_(Pamunkey_chief)" title="Queen Ann (Pamunkey chief)">Queen Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claudia_Lane_Dodson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claudia Lane Dodson (page does not exist)">Claudia Lane Dodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Hamilton" title="India Hamilton">India Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgeanna_Seegar_Jones" title="Georgeanna Seegar Jones">Georgeanna Seegar Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oney_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oney Judge">Ona Maria Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Randolph_Mason" title="Lucy Randolph Mason">Lucy Randolph Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Peters_Sturgill" title="Kate Peters Sturgill">Kate Peters Sturgill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Adams" title="Pauline Adams">Pauline Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Bayly_King" title="Fannie Bayly King">Fannie Bayly King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dabney_Langhorne_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Dabney Langhorne Lewis">Elizabeth Dabney Langhorne Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_G._Meredith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie G. Meredith">Sophie G. Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josephine_Mathes_Norcom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josephine Mathes Norcom (page does not exist)">Josephine Mathes Norcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Pidgeon" title="Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon">Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ora_Brown_Stokes_Perry" title="Ora Brown Stokes Perry">Ora Brown Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Meade_Valentine" title="Lila Meade Valentine">Lila Meade Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Lena_Mitchell_Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Maggie Lena Mitchell Walker">Maggie Lena Mitchell Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krista_N._Jones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krista N. Jones (page does not exist)">Krista N. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lerla_G._Joseph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lerla G. Joseph (page does not exist)">Lerla G. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lillie_Louise_Boone_Lucas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lillie Louise Boone Lucas (page does not exist)">Lillie Louise Boone Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Reid_Syphax" class="mw-redirect" title="Evelyn Reid Syphax">Evelyn Reid Syphax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11740#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11740#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11740#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/928148997583759870001">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1986626/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtxmJ7B8cFJTQhCXT8DMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1128107163">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79016663">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/032130802">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0212139&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5744899">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1488830536072">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2021S7504">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811810458405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007359049205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058610281706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:johnson.katherine">zbMATH</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:johnson.katherine-coleman-goble">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/1308585">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/200203649">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6mh8cc3">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Johnson&oldid=1255550534">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Johnson&oldid=1255550534</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1918_births" title="Category:1918 births">1918 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020_deaths" title="Category:2020 deaths">2020 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_women_mathematicians" title="Category:African-American women mathematicians">African-American women mathematicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_mathematicians" title="Category:African-American mathematicians">African-American mathematicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_women_mathematicians" title="Category:20th-century American women mathematicians">20th-century American women mathematicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_schoolteachers" title="Category:African-American schoolteachers">African-American schoolteachers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Schoolteachers_from_West_Virginia" title="Category:Schoolteachers from West Virginia">Schoolteachers from West Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_computer_scientists" title="Category:American computer scientists">American computer scientists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presbyterians_from_Virginia" title="Category:Presbyterians from Virginia">Presbyterians from Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_mathematicians" title="Category:20th-century American mathematicians">20th-century American mathematicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_mathematicians" title="Category:21st-century American mathematicians">21st-century American mathematicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:NASA_people" title="Category:NASA people">NASA people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:West_Area_Computers" title="Category:West Area Computers">West Area Computers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Hampton,_Virginia" title="Category:People from Hampton, Virginia">People from Hampton, Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_White_Sulphur_Springs,_West_Virginia" title="Category:People from White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia">People from White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientists_from_West_Virginia" title="Category:Scientists from West Virginia">Scientists from West Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:West_Virginia_State_University_alumni" title="Category:West Virginia State University alumni">West Virginia State University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:West_Virginia_University_alumni" title="Category:West Virginia University alumni">West Virginia University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_women_computer_scientists" title="Category:American women computer scientists">American women computer scientists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_computer_scientists" title="Category:African-American computer scientists">African-American computer scientists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Congressional_Gold_Medal_recipients" title="Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients">Congressional Gold Medal recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_recipients" title="Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients">Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_women_physicists" title="Category:American women physicists">American women physicists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_physicists" title="Category:20th-century American physicists">20th-century American physicists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_physicists" title="Category:21st-century American physicists">21st-century American physicists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_women_scientists" title="Category:20th-century American women scientists">20th-century American women scientists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women_scientists" title="Category:21st-century American women scientists">21st-century American women scientists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_women_centenarians" title="Category:American women centenarians">American women centenarians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_centenarians" title="Category:African-American centenarians">African-American centenarians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women_mathematicians" title="Category:21st-century American women mathematicians">21st-century American women mathematicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mathematicians_from_Virginia" title="Category:Mathematicians from Virginia">Mathematicians from Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_educators" title="Category:20th-century American educators">20th-century American educators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_women_educators" title="Category:20th-century American women educators">20th-century American women educators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_people" title="Category:21st-century African-American people">21st-century African-American people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_women" title="Category:21st-century African-American women">21st-century African-American women</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_physicists" title="Category:African-American physicists">African-American physicists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_women_scientists" title="Category:African-American women scientists">African-American women scientists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2022" title="Category:Use mdy dates from August 2022">Use mdy dates from August 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_February_2020" title="Category:Use American English from February 2020">Use American English from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 November 2024, at 14:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Johnson&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7c4dcdbb87-z6vrg","wgBackendResponseTime":219,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.614","walltime":"1.880","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9689,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":357721,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14029,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":363436,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1580.860 1 -total"," 38.46% 607.975 1 Template:Reflist"," 26.84% 424.298 69 Template:Cite_web"," 22.21% 351.126 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 11.60% 183.309 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text"," 7.46% 118.002 2 Template:Unbulleted_list"," 6.86% 108.524 2 Template:Marriage"," 6.70% 105.921 2 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 5.71% 90.237 28 Template:Main_other"," 5.58% 88.193 1 Template:Virginia_Women_in_History"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.923","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14148160,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-ckcz7","timestamp":"20241203072549","ttl":2478856,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Katherine Johnson","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katherine_Johnson","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11740","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11740","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-12-27T02:07:46Z","dateModified":"2024-11-05T14:25:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6d\/Katherine_Johnson_1983.jpg","headline":"African-American mathematician"}</script> </body> </html>