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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">19th and 20th-century American schoolteacher</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 19th-century writer, see <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Randolph_Cary" title="Virginia Randolph Cary">Virginia Randolph Cary</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Virginia Randolph</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Virginia_E_Randolph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Virginia Randolph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Virginia_E_Randolph.jpg/220px-Virginia_E_Randolph.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Virginia_E_Randolph.jpg/330px-Virginia_E_Randolph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Virginia_E_Randolph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">May 1870<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 16, 1958<span style="display:none">(1958-03-16)</span> (aged 87)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Richmond, Virginia, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Educator</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Virginia Estelle Randolph</b> (May 1870 – March 16, 1958) was an American <a href="/wiki/Educator" class="mw-redirect" title="Educator">educator</a> in <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico County, Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was named the United States' first "Jeanes Supervising Industrial Teacher" by her Superintendent of Schools, <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Davis_(education_official)" title="Jackson Davis (education official)">Jackson Davis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she led a program funded by the <a href="/wiki/Jeanes_Foundation" title="Jeanes Foundation">Jeanes Foundation</a> to upgrade vocational training throughout the U.S. South as her career progressed. Her work is widely associated with <a href="/wiki/Vocational_education" title="Vocational education">vocational education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two schools of the <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County_Public_Schools" title="Henrico County Public Schools">Henrico County Public Schools</a> system were named in her honor and in 2009 Randolph was posthumously honored by the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Virginia" title="Library of Virginia">Library of Virginia</a> as one of their "<a href="/wiki/Virginia_Women_in_History" title="Virginia Women in History">Virginia Women in History</a>" for her career and contributions to education.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Randolph&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in May 1870,<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she was the daughter of former slaves Sarah Elizabeth Carter Randolph and Edward Nelson Randolph<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother was a domestic worker from <a href="/wiki/Campbell_County,_Virginia" title="Campbell County, Virginia">Campbell County</a> and her father was a bricklayer. Virginia had three sisters: Mary, Sarah, and Emma, the latter of whom was one month old when her father died in 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother remarried twice. Her second husband was Joseph Anderson, a carpenter. She then married a laborer, Joseph Minor.<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family attended the Moore Street Missionary Baptist Church, which operated the Moore Street Industrial School. The school taught black children academic and manual arts, like printmaking, carpentry, and sewing. Randolph was a member of the church throughout her life.<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was taught handiwork by her mother.<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raised during the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a> following the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865), Randolph was educated in schools in Richmond, Virginia. The state formed a public school system in 1870. She attended Baker School, the first public school built for black students in Richmond.<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her second school, Richmond Colored Normal School (now <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_High_School_(Richmond,_Virginia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armstrong High School (Richmond, Virginia)">Armstrong High School</a>), was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a> in 1867. A "noted secondary school", its curriculum included botany, civil government, physical geography, map drawing, and physiology. It also prepared interested students to be teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a teacher at the age of 16.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_in_public_education">Career in public education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Randolph&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career in public education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Randolph began her career as a <a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">school teacher</a>. After a short teaching experience in <a href="/wiki/Goochland_County,_Virginia" title="Goochland County, Virginia">Goochland County</a>, she taught in Hanover County in 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She secured a teaching position with the <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County_Public_Schools" title="Henrico County Public Schools">Henrico County School Board</a> the next year. She opened a one-room schoolhouse, the Mountain Road School. She fixed up the dilapidated building and traveled throughout the county to recruit students.<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a teacher there, Randolph taught her students woodworking, sewing, and gardening, as well as academics.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She believed that manual arts helped students had opportunities for employment if they were unable to acquire secondary education. She involved members of the community members—while also instilling pride and pro-activity—she established school improvement leagues and the Willing Worker Clubs.<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond the importance of academics and learning skills, Randolph also thought it was important to promote healthy spirits and hearts. Towards that end, she established Sunday afternoon classes at the school, with the assistance of Virginia Union University faculty and students and her minister, Reverend R. O. Johnson. Her programs were financially supported by Bryan and Steward families and were promoted by Henrico County Schools's supervisor <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Davis_(education_official)" title="Jackson Davis (education official)">Jackson Davis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1908, Davis named her to become the United States' first "Jeanes Supervising Industrial Teacher."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anna_T._Jeanes" title="Anna T. Jeanes">Anna T. Jeanes</a>, a wealthy <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a>, had set aside $1 million to establish a fund to maintain and assist rural schools for <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African Americans</a> in the South. Among its projects, the <a href="/wiki/Jeanes_Foundation" title="Jeanes Foundation">Jeanes Foundation</a> provided funds to employ black "supervisors" dedicated to upgrading vocational training programs for black students.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jeanes supervisors sought to improve schools throughout communities until 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the overseer of twenty-three elementary schools in <a href="/wiki/Henrico_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrico County">Henrico County</a>, Randolph developed the first in-service training program for black teachers and worked on improving the curriculum of the schools. With the freedom to design her own agenda, she shaped industrial work and community self-help programs to meet specific needs of schools.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She chronicled her progress by becoming the author of the <i>Henrico Plan</i> which became a reference book for southern schools receiving assistance from the Jeanes Foundation, which became known as the Negro Rural School Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Randolph's teaching techniques and philosophy were later adopted in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>'s African colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 30, 1908, following a proclamation by <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Governor">Virginia Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Claude_A._Swanson" title="Claude A. Swanson">Claude A. Swanson</a>, Randolph founded the first <a href="/wiki/Arbor_Day" title="Arbor Day">Arbor Day</a> Program in Virginia. She and her students planted twelve <a href="/wiki/Platanus" title="Platanus">sycamore trees</a>. Some of the trees remain standing as living monuments, but over the years, some of the trees were lost to disease. In 1976, the remaining ones were named the first notable trees in Virginia by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1915, Randolph opened the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Randolph_Training_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia Randolph Training School (page does not exist)">Virginia Randolph Training School</a> and later expanded the facility to include dormitories for future teachers. It was later renamed to Virginia Randolph Education Center.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Randolph was appointed to the Industrial School Board of Colored Children after the death of another noted Richmonder, <a href="/wiki/Maggie_L._Walker" title="Maggie L. Walker">Maggie L. Walker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also served for many years on the Inter-Racial and Health Board for the Commonwealth of Virginia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After a 57-year career with Henrico County Public Schools, Randolph retired in 1949. A foundation to honor her and award scholarships was formed in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Randolph&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Randolph, who remained single throughout her life, took in children whose parents were unable to care for them to board at her house. She adopted Carrie B. Sample, one of fifty children that she took in and raised.<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died in Richmond on March 16, 1958, at the age of 87.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv2_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Randolph&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virginia_Randolph_VWM_Statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Virginia_Randolph_VWM_Statue.jpg/220px-Virginia_Randolph_VWM_Statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Virginia_Randolph_VWM_Statue.jpg/330px-Virginia_Randolph_VWM_Statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Virginia_Randolph_VWM_Statue.jpg/440px-Virginia_Randolph_VWM_Statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Virginia Randolph included in the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Women%27s_Monument" title="Virginia Women's Monument">Virginia Women's Monument</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Virginia Randolph Fund</b> was founded in 1936 as a tribute to her. The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Education_Foundation" title="Southern Education Foundation">Southern Education Foundation</a>, a not-for-profit foundation, was created in 1937 from four funds intended to support education for blacks: the <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Education_Fund" title="Peabody Education Fund">Peabody Education Fund</a>, the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Slater_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Slater Fund">John F. Slater Fund</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Negro_Rural_School_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Negro Rural School Fund">Negro Rural School Fund</a>, and the Virginia Randolph Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Randolph_Cottage" title="Virginia Randolph Cottage">Virginia Randolph Home Economics Cottage</a> was made into a museum in memory of Randolph in 1970. The Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission designated the museum a State Historic Landmark. In 1976 the museum was named a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Interior">United States Department of Interior</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv2_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nhlsum_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Randolph reportedly had an office in the building. Her gravesite is on the grounds.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p><b>The Academy at Virginia Randolph,</b> formerly Virginia Randolph Community High School, in <a href="/wiki/Glen_Allen,_Virginia" title="Glen Allen, Virginia">Glen Allen, Virginia</a> is named in her honor.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>Virginia Randolph Foundation, Inc</b> formed in 1954, annually awards scholarships to Henrico County high school students who will be attending a four-year college or university.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Randolph&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the <i>Encyclopedia Virginia</i> article: "Although Randolph's birth date is commonly given as June 8, 1874, the birth register for the Bureau of Vital Statistics for the City of Richmond reveals that her actual birth was in May 1870. This earlier birth year is also supported by the Freedman’s Bank account entry for Nelson Randolph, wherein he reports having two daughters, Mary and Virginia, in 1871."<sup id="cite_ref-EV_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States Federal Census of 1880 also shows that she was born in 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As mentioned, she was (erroneously) said to have been born in 1874, in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Randolph&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varfoundation.org/index.html">The Virginia Randolph Foundation, Inc</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090223031347/http://www.co.henrico.va.us/manager/History/randolph.html">"Henrico County Manager's Office"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.co.henrico.va.us/manager/History/randolph.html">the original</a> on February 23, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henrico+County+Manager%27s+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.co.henrico.va.us%2Fmanager%2FHistory%2Frandolph.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirginia+Randolph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nrhpinv2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv2_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv2_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv2_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames_Sheire1974" class="citation web cs1">James Sheire (July 31, 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/74002126_text">"National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Virginia E. Randolph Museum – Virginia Cardwell Cottage / Home Economics Cottage"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. National Park Service.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory-Nomination%3A+Virginia+E.+Randolph+Museum+%E2%80%93+Virginia+Cardwell+Cottage+%2F+Home+Economics+Cottage&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=1974-07-31&rft.au=James+Sheire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNHLS%2F74002126_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirginia+Randolph" class="Z3988"></span> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/74002126_photos"><i>Accompanying one photo, undated (plus an unrelated photo of Poe Shrine, "oldest house" in Richmond, Virginia)</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(32 KB)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/vawomen/2009/honoree.asp?bio=3">"Virginia Estelle Randolph (1874–1958)"</a>. Library of Virginia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virginia+Estelle+Randolph+%281874%E2%80%931958%29&rft.pub=Library+of+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lva.virginia.gov%2Fpublic%2Fvawomen%2F2009%2Fhonoree.asp%3Fbio%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirginia+Randolph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EV-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EV_5-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/randolph-virginia-estelle-1870-1958/">"Randolph, Virginia Estelle (1870–1958)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Virginia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Walker"</a>. <i>Richmond Times-Dispatch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Richmond+Times-Dispatch&rft.atitle=New+birth+year+uncovered+for+Maggie+L.+Walker&rft.date=2009-07-05&rft.aulast=Hester&rft.aufirst=Wesley+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frichmond.com%2Fnews%2Fnew-birth-year-uncovered-for-maggie-l-walker%2Farticle_fa123847-0e9f-5494-bf91-9e6bc609a1fb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirginia+Randolph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2">"Virginia Randolph, Richmond, Henrico, Virginia", <i>Tenth Census of the United States, 1880. 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National Park Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1500&ResourceType=Building">the original</a> on October 19, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Landmark+summary+listing&rft.atitle=Virginia+Randolph+Cottage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.cr.nps.gov%2Fnhl%2Fdetail.cfm%3FResourceId%3D1500%26ResourceType%3DBuilding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirginia+Randolph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avr.henricoschools.us/">"The Academy at Virginia Randolph – Henrico County Public Schools"</a>. <i>avr.henricoschools.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=avr.henricoschools.us&rft.atitle=The+Academy+at+Virginia+Randolph+%E2%80%93+Henrico+County+Public+Schools&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favr.henricoschools.us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirginia+Randolph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Randolph&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virginia_Randolph" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Virginia Randolph">Virginia Randolph</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0887003.html">Virginia Randolph</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.co.henrico.va.us/manager/randolph.htm">Henrico County Board of Supervisors and County Manager's Office</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avr.henricoschools.us/">The Academy at Virginia Randolph</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/2011/Virginia_E_Randolph_teaching_pioneer">The African American Registry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varfoundation.org/index.html">Virginia Randolph Foundation website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/vawomen/2009/honoree.asp?bio=3">Randolph's profile</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Virginia" title="Library of Virginia">Library of Virginia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virginia_Women_in_History62" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virginia_Women_in_History_Honorees" title="Template:Virginia Women in History Honorees"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virginia_Women_in_History_Honorees" title="Template talk:Virginia Women in History Honorees"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia_Women_in_History_Honorees" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia Women in History Honorees"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virginia_Women_in_History62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Women_in_History" title="Virginia Women in History">Virginia Women in History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–200962" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Graham_Agnew" title="Ella Graham Agnew">Ella Graham Agnew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Julia_Baldwin" title="Mary Julia Baldwin">Mary Julia Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Brent" title="Margaret Brent">Margaret Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Dean" title="Jennie Dean">Jennie Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lee_Fain" title="Sarah Lee Fain">Sarah Lee Fain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Glasgow" title="Ellen Glasgow">Ellen Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolley_Madison" title="Dolley Madison">Dolley Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementina_Rind" title="Clementina Rind">Clementina Rind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Meade_Valentine" title="Lila Meade Valentine">Lila Meade Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_L._Walker" title="Maggie L. Walker">Maggie L. Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Dixon_Bowser" title="Rosa Dixon Bowser">Rosa Dixon Bowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Campbell_(television)" title="Elizabeth Campbell (television)">Elizabeth Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasina_Jordan" title="Thomasina Jordan">Thomasina Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Keckley" title="Elizabeth Keckley">Elizabeth Keckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Pollak" title="Theresa Pollak">Theresa Pollak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Louisa_Tompkins" title="Sally Louisa Tompkins">Sally Louisa Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Van_Lew" title="Elizabeth Van Lew">Elizabeth Van Lew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wilson" title="Edith Wilson">Edith Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Adamson" title="Rebecca Adamson">Rebecca Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janie_Porter_Barrett" title="Janie Porter Barrett">Janie Porter Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Cline" title="Patsy Cline">Patsy Cline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Lee_Corbin" title="Hannah Lee Corbin">Hannah Lee Corbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Darden" title="Christine Darden">Christine Darden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Ward_McDaniel" title="Lillian Ward McDaniel">Lillian Ward McDaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary-Cooke_Branch_Munford" title="Mary-Cooke Branch Munford">Mary-Cooke Branch Munford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_M._Rattley" title="Jessie M. Rattley">Jessie M. Rattley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Astor,_Viscountess_Astor" title="Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor">Nancy Astor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Bailey" title="Pearl Bailey">Pearl Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Whitehead_Bodeker" title="Anna Whitehead Bodeker">Anna Whitehead Bodeker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Ann_Elliott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Ann Elliott (page does not exist)">Mary Ann Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annabella_R._Jenkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Annabella R. Jenkins">Annabelle Ravenscroft Gibson Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Benjamin_Johnston" title="Frances Benjamin Johnston">Frances Benjamin Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Dobie_Peebles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Dobie Peebles (page does not exist)">Anne Dobie Peebles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Spencer" title="Anne Spencer">Annie Bannister Spencer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Arents" title="Grace Arents">Grace Arents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockacoeske" title="Cockacoeske">Cockacoeske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Couric" title="Katie Couric">Katie Couric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Makemie_Holden" title="Anne Makemie Holden">Anne Makemie Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Draper_Ingles" title="Mary Draper Ingles">Mary Draper Ingles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Garland_Boyd_Jones" title="Sarah Garland Boyd Jones">Sarah Garland Boyd Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annie_Snyder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annie Snyder (page does not exist)">Annie Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Leach_Adams-Ender" class="mw-redirect" title="Clara Leach Adams-Ender">Clara Leach Adams-Ender</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caitlyn_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caitlyn Day (page does not exist)">Caitlyn Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Blount_Griffin" title="Bessie Blount Griffin">Bessie Blount Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Johnston" title="Mary Johnston">Mary Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Johns Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Smith_(fiction_author)" title="Lee Smith (fiction author)">Lee Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Belvin_Wade" title="Mary Belvin Wade">Mary Belvin Wade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Waller_Barrett" title="Kate Waller Barrett">Kate Waller Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Majella_Berg" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Majella Berg">Marie Majella Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John-Geline_MacDonald_Bowman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John-Geline MacDonald Bowman (page does not exist)">John-Geline MacDonald Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benita_Fitzgerald-Brown" title="Benita Fitzgerald-Brown">Benita Fitzgerald-Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Tyler_Freeman_Cheek_McClenahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan (page does not exist)">Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Anne_Richardson" title="G. Anne Richardson">G. Anne Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Virginia_Terhune" title="Mary Virginia Terhune">Mary Virginia Terhune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Willing_Byrd" title="Mary Willing Byrd">Mary Willing Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maybelle_Carter" title="Maybelle Carter">Maybelle Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Copenhaver" title="Laura Copenhaver">Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Futrell" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Futrell">Mary Alice Franklin Hatwood Futrell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jeffery_Galt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Jeffery Galt (page does not exist)">Mary Jeffery Galt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Johnson" title="Sheila Johnson">Sheila Crump Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opossunoquonuske" title="Opossunoquonuske">Opossunoquonuske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Williams" title="Camilla Williams">Camilla Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Culpeper_Berkeley" title="Frances Culpeper Berkeley">Frances Culpeper Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Goode_Brooks" title="Lucy Goode Brooks">Lucy Goode Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providencia_Velazquez_Gonzalez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Providencia Velazquez Gonzalez (page does not exist)">Providencia Velazquez Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_B._Lacy" title="Elizabeth B. Lacy">Elizabeth B. Lacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharyn_McCrumb" title="Sharyn McCrumb">Sharyn McCrumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Buckley_Moss" title="P. Buckley Moss">P. Buckley Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabel_Wood_Rogers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabel Wood Rogers (page does not exist)">Isabel Wood Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Turner" title="Edith Turner">Edith Turner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Adams" title="Pauline Adams">Pauline Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Bradby_Cook" title="Caroline Bradby Cook">Caroline Bradby Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Emerson" title="Claudia Emerson">Claudia Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Gilpin_Faust" title="Drew Gilpin Faust">Drew Gilpin Faust</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joann_Hess_Grayson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joann Hess Grayson (page does not exist)">Joann Hess Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Randolph" title="Mary Randolph">Mary Randolph</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virginia Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Sue_Terry" title="Mary Sue Terry">Mary Sue Terry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–201962" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mollie_Holmes_Adams" title="Mollie Holmes Adams">Mollie Holmes Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Furman" title="Ethel Furman">Ethel Furman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edythe_Harrison" title="Edythe Harrison">Edythe C. Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Martin" title="Janis Martin">Janis Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mason_Rowland" title="Kate Mason Rowland">Kate Mason Rowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Skipwith" title="Jean Skipwith">Jean Miller Skipwith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queena_Stovall" title="Queena Stovall">Queena Stovall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Van_Landingham" title="Marian Van Landingham">Marian Van Landingham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Addison" title="Lucy Addison">Lucy Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Bontecou" title="Eleanor Bontecou">Eleanor Bontecou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_White_Fleming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emily White Fleming (page does not exist)">Emily White Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearl_Fu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearl Fu (page does not exist)">Pearl Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Lincoln" title="Lillian Lincoln">Lillian Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Niemeyer_Marshall" title="Bessie Niemeyer Marshall">Bessie Niemeyer Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felicia_Warburg_Rogan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felicia Warburg Rogan (page does not exist)">Felicia Warburg Rogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Henry_Campbell_Russell" title="Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell">Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susie_May_Ames" title="Susie May Ames">Susie May Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Beltran" title="Monica Beltran">Monica Beltran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiana_Burdett_Campbell" title="Christiana Burdett Campbell">Christiana Burdett Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betty_Sams_Christian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betty Sams Christian (page does not exist)">Betty Sams Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Peet_McIntosh" title="Elizabeth Peet McIntosh">Elizabeth Peet McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orelena_Hawks_Puckett" class="mw-redirect" title="Orelena Hawks Puckett">Orelena Hawks Puckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Shatin" title="Judith Shatin">Judith Shatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Jackson_Stuart" title="Alice Jackson Stuart">Alice Jackson Stuart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_C._Alexander" title="Mary C. Alexander">Mary C. Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Archer" title="Louise Archer">Louise Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Jaquelin_Ambler_Brent_Carrington" title="Elizabeth Jaquelin Ambler Brent Carrington">Elizabeth Ambler Brent Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Compton" title="Ann Compton">Ann Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JoAnn_Falletta" title="JoAnn Falletta">JoAnn Falletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleo_Powell" title="Cleo Powell">Cleo Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inez_Pruitt" title="Inez Pruitt">Inez Pruitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Mae_Fleming_Scott" title="Eva Mae Fleming Scott">Eva Mae Fleming Scott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Berkeley_Minor_Blackford" title="Mary Berkeley Minor Blackford">Mary Berkeley Minor Blackford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Silverman_Cohn" title="Naomi Silverman Cohn">Naomi Silverman Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ashburn_Duke" title="Elizabeth Ashburn Duke">Elizabeth Ashburn Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Findlay" title="Rachel Findlay">Rachel Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Herter_Kendall" title="Christine Herter Kendall">Christine Herter Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_and_Richard_Loving" title="Mildred and Richard Loving">Mildred Loving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Ryan" title="Debbie Ryan">Debbie Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_Winslett" title="Stoner Winslett">Stoner Winslett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Melvina_Caldwell" title="Nancy Melvina Caldwell">Nancy Melvina Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Giovanni" title="Nikki Giovanni">Nikki Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Coles_Harris" title="Ruth Coles Harris">Ruth Coles Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Shoemaker_McDiarmid" title="Dorothy Shoemaker McDiarmid">Dorothy Shoemaker McDiarmid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Dulaney_Peterkin" title="Rebekah Dulaney Peterkin">Rebekah Dulaney Peterkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Pinn" title="Vivian Pinn">Vivian Pinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bray_Allen" title="Elizabeth Bray Allen">Elizabeth Bray Allen Smith Stith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenne_Wood" title="Karenne Wood">Karenne Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_D._Crittenden" title="Flora D. Crittenden">Flora D. Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Nottingham_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Elizabeth Nottingham Day">Mary Elizabeth Nottingham Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_A._Gray" title="Sarah A. Gray">Sarah A. 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