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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span><i>M. validus</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M._validus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%BC%80%EB%A1%9C%ED%91%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%86%8C%ED%91%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="마케로푸로소푸스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마케로푸로소푸스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machaeroprosopus_validus" title="Machaeroprosopus validus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Machaeroprosopus validus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machaeroprosopus" title="Machaeroprosopus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Machaeroprosopus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AD%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%BD%E3%83%97%E3%82%B9" title="マカエロプロソプス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マカエロプロソプス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machaeroprosopus" title="Machaeroprosopus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Machaeroprosopus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6723374#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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pristinus</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Extinct genus of reptiles</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Machaeroprosopus</i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Late_Triassic" title="Late Triassic">Late Triassic</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">228–209 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:142.83076923077px; width:6.4307692307692px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:142.83076923077px; width:6.4307692307692px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:143.83076923077px; width:4.4307692307692px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Phytosaurs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Phytosaurs.jpg/220px-Phytosaurs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Phytosaurs.jpg/330px-Phytosaurs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Phytosaurs.jpg/440px-Phytosaurs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Skulls in New Mexico </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Machaeroprosopus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes">Archosauriformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Phytosaur" title="Phytosaur">Phytosauria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Parasuchidae" title="Parasuchidae">Parasuchidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Mystriosuchini" title="Mystriosuchini">Mystriosuchini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Machaeroprosopus</i></a><br /><small>Mehl <i>et al.</i>, 1916 <sup id="cite_ref-Mehletal1916_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mehletal1916-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><b>Belodon buceros</b></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Drinker_Cope" title="Edward Drinker Cope">Cope</a>, <a href="/wiki/1881_in_paleontology" title="1881 in paleontology">1881</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><b>M. andersoni</b></i> <small>Mehl, 1922</small></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><b>M. buceros</b></i> <small>(Cope, 1881)</small></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><b>M. jablonskiae</b></i> <small>(Parker & Irmis, 2006)</small> <sup id="cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParkerIrmis06-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><b>M. lottorum</b></i> <small>Hungerbühler <i>et al.</i>, <a href="/wiki/2013_in_paleontology" title="2013 in paleontology">2013</a></small> <sup id="cite_ref-M.lottorum_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M.lottorum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><b>M. mccauleyi</b></i> <small>(Ballew, 1989)</small> <sup id="cite_ref-Ballew89_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ballew89-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><b>M. pristinus</b></i> <small>(Mehl, 1928)</small></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><b>M. validus</b></i> <small>Mehl in Mehl <i>et al.</i>, 1916</small> <sup id="cite_ref-Mehletal1916_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mehletal1916-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Arribasuchus</i> <small>Long & Murry, 1995</small> <sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Machaeroprosopus tenuis</i> <small>Camp, 1930</small></li> <li><i>Pseudopalatus</i> <small>Mehl, 1928</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Machaeroprosopus</b></i> (from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">μαχαίρα</span> <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">machaíra</i></span>, 'large knife' and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">πρόσωπος</span> <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">prósōpos</i></span>, 'bordering on')<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mystriosuchin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystriosuchin">mystriosuchin</a> <a href="/wiki/Leptosuchomorph" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptosuchomorph">leptosuchomorph</a> <a href="/wiki/Phytosaur" title="Phytosaur">phytosaur</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Triassic" title="Late Triassic">Late Triassic</a> of the southwestern United States. <i>M. validus</i>, once thought to be the <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>, was named in 1916 on the basis of three complete <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skulls</a> from <a href="/wiki/Chinle_Formation" title="Chinle Formation">Chinle Formation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>. The skulls have been lost since the 1950s, and a line drawing in the original 1916 description is the only visual record of the specimen.<sup id="cite_ref-chin_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another species, <i>M. andersoni</i>, was named in 1922 from <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, and the species <i>M. adamanensis</i>, <i>M. gregorii</i>, <i>M. lithodendrorum</i>, <i>M. tenuis</i>, and <i>M. zunii</i> were named in 1930. Most species have been reassigned to the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Smilosuchus" title="Smilosuchus">Smilosuchus</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Stocker10_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stocker10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Rutiodon" title="Rutiodon">Rutiodon</a></i>, or <i><a href="/wiki/Phytosaurus" title="Phytosaurus">Phytosaurus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-GJT62_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GJT62-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until recently, <i>M. validus</i> was considered to be the only species that has not been reassigned. Thus, <i>Machaeroprosopus</i> was considered to be a <i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">nomen dubium</a></i> or "doubtful name" because of the lack of diagnostic specimens that can support its distinction from other phytosaur genera. However, a <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> revision of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>, conducted by Parker <i>et al.</i> in 2013, revealed that UW 3807, the <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> of <i>M. validus</i>, is not the holotype of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>, while the species <i>Machaeroprosopus buceros</i>, <i>Machaeroprosopus</i> being a replacement name, with a fixed type species, for <i>Metarhinus</i>, is the <i><a href="/wiki/Combinatio_nova" title="Combinatio nova">combinatio nova</a></i> of the type species of the genu: <i>Belodon buceros</i>. Therefore, the name <i>Pseudopalatus</i> must be considered a <a href="/wiki/Junior_synonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior synonym">junior synonym</a> of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>, and all species of the former must be reassigned to the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-Parkeretal13_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parkeretal13-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This revised taxonomy was already accepted in several studies, including Stocker and Butler (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-StockerButler13_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StockerButler13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stocker and Butler (2013) also treated <i>M. andersoni</i> as a valid species,<sup id="cite_ref-StockerButler13_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StockerButler13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and not a <a href="/wiki/Junior_synonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior synonym">junior synonym</a> of <i>Machaeroprosopus buceros</i> as was previously suggested by Long and Murry (1995).<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machaeroprosopus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M._andersoni"><i>M. andersoni</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machaeroprosopus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: M. andersoni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Machaeroprosopus_andersoni_skull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Machaeroprosopus_andersoni_skull.jpg/220px-Machaeroprosopus_andersoni_skull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Machaeroprosopus_andersoni_skull.jpg/330px-Machaeroprosopus_andersoni_skull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Machaeroprosopus_andersoni_skull.jpg/440px-Machaeroprosopus_andersoni_skull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3880" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>Skull of <i>M. andersoni</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>M. andersoni</i> was first described and named by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_G._Mehl" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice G. Mehl">Maurice G. Mehl</a> in <a href="/wiki/1922_in_paleontology" title="1922 in paleontology">1922</a>, on the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> FMNH UC 396, partial <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-StockerButler13_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StockerButler13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was probably collected from the <a href="/wiki/Bull_Canyon_Formation" title="Bull Canyon Formation">Bull Canyon Formation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinle_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinle Group">Chinle Group</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dockum_Group" title="Dockum Group">Dockum Group</a>, probably at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull_Canyon,_Guadalupe_County&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bull Canyon, Guadalupe County (page does not exist)">Bull Canyon</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_County,_New_Mexico" title="Guadalupe County, New Mexico">Guadalupe County</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This taxon was considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Junior_synonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior synonym">junior synonym</a> of <i>M. buceros</i> by Long and Murry (1995) and later authors,<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Irmis05_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irmis05-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParkerIrmis06-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Stocker and Butler (2013) treated <i>M. andersoni</i> as a valid species.<sup id="cite_ref-StockerButler13_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StockerButler13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The holotype is the only known specimen of this species, although there are other specimens from the Bull Canyon Formation that were referred to <i>Arribasuchus buceros</i> by Long and Murry (1995),<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but not by Stocker and Butler (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-StockerButler13_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StockerButler13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M._buceros"><i>M. buceros</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machaeroprosopus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: M. buceros"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Machaeroprosopus_buceros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Machaeroprosopus_buceros.jpg/220px-Machaeroprosopus_buceros.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Machaeroprosopus_buceros.jpg/330px-Machaeroprosopus_buceros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Machaeroprosopus_buceros.jpg/440px-Machaeroprosopus_buceros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><i>M. buceros</i> skull</figcaption></figure> <p><i>M. buceros</i> was first described and named by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Drinker_Cope" title="Edward Drinker Cope">Edward Drinker Cope</a> in <a href="/wiki/1881_in_paleontology" title="1881 in paleontology">1881</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Belodon" title="Belodon">Belodon</a> buceros</i>, on the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> AMNH 2318, partial <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a>. It was collected from the <a href="/wiki/Norian" title="Norian">Norian</a>-aged <a href="/wiki/Petrified_Forest_Member" title="Petrified Forest Member">Petrified Forest Member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinle_Formation" title="Chinle Formation">Chinle Formation</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Arroyo_Seco_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)">Arroyo Seco drainage</a>, Orphan Mesa in the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Arriba_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Arriba County">Rio Arriba County</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucasetal02_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucasetal02-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the skull was occasionally referred to <i><a href="/wiki/Phytosaurus" title="Phytosaurus">Phytosaurus</a> buceros</i>. Jaekel (1910) erected a new genus for the species, creating <i>Metarhinus buceros</i>, however this generic name was preoccupied by <i><a href="/wiki/Metarhinus" title="Metarhinus">Metarhinus</a></i> Osborn, 1908, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brontotheriid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brontotheriid (page does not exist)">brontotheriid</a> <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a>. Mehl (1915) referred this species to <i><a href="/wiki/Lophoprosopus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lophoprosopus">Lophoprosopus</a></i>, as <i>Lophoprosopus buceros</i>, but as the type species of this genus is considered to be <a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">synonymous</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Nicrosaurus_kapffi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicrosaurus kapffi">Nicrosaurus kapffi</a></i>, Mehl (1916) erected a new genus for <i>B. buceros</i>, creating <i>Machaeroprosopus buceros</i>, but also explicitly indicated <i>M. validus</i> as the type. Subsequent studies accordingly considered <i>M. validus</i> to be the <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>. Later, the skull was referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Rutiodon" title="Rutiodon">Rutiodon</a> buceros</i>, <i>Machaeroprosopus buceros</i> or <i>Pseudopalatus buceros</i>. Long and Murry (1995) erected a new genus for the species, not knowing that <i>M. validus</i> was not in fact the type species of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>, creating <i>Arribasuchus buceros</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent studies, including Hungerbühler (2002), Lucas <i>et al.</i> (2002),<sup id="cite_ref-Lucasetal02_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucasetal02-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zeigler <i>et al.</i> (2002), Irmis (2005)<sup id="cite_ref-Irmis05_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irmis05-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Parker and Irmis (2006),<sup id="cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParkerIrmis06-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> referred the species back to <i>Pseudopalatus buceros</i>, and considered <i>Arribasuchus</i> to be a junior synonym of <i>Pseudopalatus</i>. A taxonomic revision of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>, conducted by Parker <i>et al.</i> in 2013, revealed that <i>Machaeroprosopus buceros</i> is the <i><a href="/wiki/Combinatio_nova" title="Combinatio nova">combinatio nova</a></i> of the type species of the genus because Article 67-8 ICZN rules that with replacement names the original type species (i.c. Cope's <i>Beladon buceros</i>) is maintained. Therefore, the name <i>Pseudopalatus</i> was considered a junior synonym of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>, and all species of the former were reassigned to the later, including <i>P. buceros</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Parkeretal13_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parkeretal13-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StockerButler13_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StockerButler13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the revision, <i>M. andersoni</i> was treated as a valid species by Stocker and Butler (2013),<sup id="cite_ref-StockerButler13_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StockerButler13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and not a junior synonym of <i>Machaeroprosopus buceros</i> as was previously suggested by Long and Murry (1995). Other specimens were referred to <i>P. buceros</i> by Long and Murry (1995),<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although all specimens from Arizona and Texas was later reassigned to other species (namely <i>M. lottorum</i>, <i>M. mccauleyi</i> and <i>M. validus</i>), and as <i>M. andersoni</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Dockum_Group" title="Dockum Group">Dockum Group</a> was re-validated, <i>M. buceros</i> is currently known only from Chinle Formation of New Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-StockerButler13_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StockerButler13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-M.lottorum_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M.lottorum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M._jablonskiae"><i>M. jablonskiae</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machaeroprosopus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: M. jablonskiae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>M. jablonskiae</i> was first described and named by <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_G._Parker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William G. Parker (page does not exist)">William G. Parker</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Randall_B._Irmis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randall B. Irmis (page does not exist)">Randall B. Irmis</a> in <a href="/wiki/2006_in_paleontology" title="2006 in paleontology">2006</a>, on the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> PEFO 31207, posterior skull roof and braincase missing the rostrum and palate. This specimen was initially referred to <i>Pseudopalatus cf. mccauleyi</i> by Parker and Irmis (2004) based on the morphology of the <a href="/wiki/Squamosal" class="mw-redirect" title="Squamosal">squamosals</a> and the opisthotic, then to <i>Pseudopalatus sp.</i> by Parker and Irmis (2005) and finally to <i>Pseudopalatus jablonskiae</i> by Parker and Irmis (2006). It was collected in September 2002 from the lower Jim Camp Wash beds, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonsela_Member&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonsela Member (page does not exist)">Sonsela Member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinle_Formation" title="Chinle Formation">Chinle Formation</a>, at locality PFV 295, near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_Lion_Mesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mountain Lion Mesa (page does not exist)">Mountain Lion Mesa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Petrified_Forest_National_Park" title="Petrified Forest National Park">Petrified Forest National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> honors Pat Jablonsky, who discovered the holotype and only known specimen.<sup id="cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParkerIrmis06-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the taxonomic revision of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i> by Parker <i>et al.</i> (in press), all species of <i>Pseudopalatus</i>, including <i>P. jablonskiae</i>, were reassigned to <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Parkeretal13_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parkeretal13-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was already accepted by Stocker and Butler (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-StockerButler13_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StockerButler13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although <i>M. jablonskiae</i> is known from an incomplete specimen, it can be diagnosed by at least one <a href="/wiki/Autapomorphy" title="Autapomorphy">autapomorphy</a> and a unique suite of traits, and it includes a well-preserved braincase, which is rarely preserved or described in detail for most phytosaur specimens. A <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic">phylogenetic</a> analysis of mystriosuchin phytosaurs performed by Parker and Irmis (2006) found the species to be the most <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> species of <i>"Pseudopalatus"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParkerIrmis06-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M._lottorum"><i>M. lottorum</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machaeroprosopus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: M. lottorum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Machaeroprosopus_lottorum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Machaeroprosopus_lottorum.jpg/220px-Machaeroprosopus_lottorum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Machaeroprosopus_lottorum.jpg/330px-Machaeroprosopus_lottorum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Machaeroprosopus_lottorum.jpg/440px-Machaeroprosopus_lottorum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3446" data-file-height="1918" /></a><figcaption><i>M. lottorum</i> skull</figcaption></figure> <p><i>M. lottorum</i> was first described and named by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Hungerb%C3%BChler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axel Hungerbühler (page does not exist)">Axel Hungerbühler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Mueller_(paleontologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Mueller (paleontologist) (page does not exist)">Bill Mueller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sankar_Chatterjee" title="Sankar Chatterjee">Sankar Chatterjee</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_P._Cunningham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas P. Cunningham (page does not exist)">Douglas P. Cunningham</a> in <a href="/wiki/2013_in_paleontology" title="2013 in paleontology">2013</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> honors John Lott and Patricia Lott Kirkpatrick, for their support during the work at the TTU VPL 3870. It is known from two complete skulls, the holotype TTU-P10076 and the paratype TTU-P10077 housed at <a href="/wiki/Texas_Tech_University" title="Texas Tech University">Texas Tech University</a>. The skulls were collected at Patricia Site (TTU Vertebrate Paleontology Locality 3870), 13 km South of <a href="/wiki/Post,_Texas" title="Post, Texas">Post</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garza_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Garza County">Garza County</a> of west Texas, from the upper unit of the Norian <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Canyon_Formation" title="Cooper Canyon Formation">Cooper Canyon Formation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dockum_Group" title="Dockum Group">Dockum Group</a>. Other vertebrates known from this site include TTU-P10074, a partial skull referred to <i>Machaeroprosopus</i> sp., a phytosaur <a href="/wiki/Postcranial" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcranial">postcranial</a> skeleton, fish, a temnospondyl amphibian, <i><a href="/wiki/Typothorax" title="Typothorax">Typothorax</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Postosuchus" title="Postosuchus">Postosuchus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shuvosaurus" title="Shuvosaurus">Shuvosaurus</a></i> and a <a href="/wiki/Theropod" class="mw-redirect" title="Theropod">theropod</a> dinosaur.<sup id="cite_ref-M.lottorum_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M.lottorum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic">phylogenetic</a> analysis of mystriosuchin phytosaurs performed by Hungerbühler <i>et al.</i> (2013) found the species to be a derived <i>Machaeroprosopus</i> species, most closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Redondasaurus" title="Redondasaurus">Redondasaurus</a></i>, <i>"R." gregorii</i>. This clade in addition to <i>Machaeroprosopus</i> sp. (TTU-P10074) was recovered as the <a href="/wiki/Sister_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister taxon">sister taxon</a> of the clade formed by <i>M. pristinus</i> and <i>M. buceros</i>. <i>M. jablonskiae</i>, <i>M. mccauleyi</i> and <i>"Redondasaurus" bermani</i> were found to be <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> species of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-M.lottorum_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M.lottorum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M._mccauleyi"><i>M. mccauleyi</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machaeroprosopus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: M. mccauleyi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Machaeroprosopus_mccauleyi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Machaeroprosopus_mccauleyi.jpg/220px-Machaeroprosopus_mccauleyi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Machaeroprosopus_mccauleyi.jpg/330px-Machaeroprosopus_mccauleyi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Machaeroprosopus_mccauleyi.jpg/440px-Machaeroprosopus_mccauleyi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption><i>M. mccauleyi</i> skull</figcaption></figure> <p><i>M. mccauleyi</i> was first described and named by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_A._Ballew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen A. Ballew (page does not exist)">Karen A. Ballew</a> in <a href="/wiki/1989_in_paleontology" title="1989 in paleontology">1989</a> as a species of <i>Pseudopalatus</i>, on the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> UCMP 126999, an incomplete skull, lacking the anterior half of the rostrum, and probably associated lower <a href="/wiki/Jaw" title="Jaw">jaws</a>. The specific name honors John D. McCauley and Mrs. Molly McCauley McLean from <a href="/wiki/Winslow,_Arizona" title="Winslow, Arizona">Winslow, Arizona</a>, the owners of the land at "Billings Gap" from which the <a href="/wiki/Holotype" title="Holotype">holotype</a> was found.<sup id="cite_ref-Ballew89_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ballew89-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The specimen was originally informally designated as <i>Pseudopalatus</i> "bilingsensis" by Ballew (1986).<sup id="cite_ref-Stocker10_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stocker10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was collected at Dry Creek Tank SE (also known as UCMP V82040, UCMP 7043 and PFV 55), <a href="/wiki/Apache_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache County">Apache County</a> of Arizona, from the <a href="/wiki/Norian" title="Norian">Norian</a>-aged Upper Petrified Forest Member / Formation according to most authors,<sup id="cite_ref-Stocker10_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stocker10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StockerButler13_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StockerButler13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or possibly <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonsela_Member&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonsela Member (page does not exist)">Sonsela Member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinle_Formation" title="Chinle Formation">Chinle Formation</a> according to Parker & Irmis (2005). Ballew (1989) also referred to this species USNM 15839, another incomplete skull lacking the anterior half of the rostrum from Arizona.<sup id="cite_ref-Ballew89_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ballew89-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long and Murry (1995) restricted this species to its holotype, although recent studies suggest that USNM 15839 is referable to it.<sup id="cite_ref-HCO’k13_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HCO’k13-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long and Murry (1995) also considered <i>M. mccauleyi</i> to be a species of their <i>Arribasuchus</i>, probably synonymous with <i>A. buceros</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although most subsequent studies, like Hungerbühler (2002), Parker and Irmis (2006),<sup id="cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParkerIrmis06-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stocker (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-Stocker10_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stocker10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Stocker and Butler (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-StockerButler13_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StockerButler13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> treated <i>M. mccauleyi</i> as a valid species. Other specimens that are currently referred to <i>M. mccauleyi</i> include PEFO 31219,<sup id="cite_ref-Stocker10_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stocker10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> complete skull, lower jaws and articulated <a href="/wiki/Postcranial" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcranial">postcranial</a> <a href="/wiki/Skeleton" title="Skeleton">skeleton</a>, from Petroglyph phytosaur site (also known as PFV 42) collected by UCMP in 1985, and possibly UCMP 27149, a large skull, from Cowboy (UCMP A257), both from the Petrified Forest Member, Arizona. Both specimen were originally referred to <i>A. buceros</i> by Long and Murry (1995).<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M._pristinus"><i>M. pristinus</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machaeroprosopus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: M. pristinus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Machaeroprosopus_pristinus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Machaeroprosopus_pristinus.jpg/220px-Machaeroprosopus_pristinus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Machaeroprosopus_pristinus.jpg/330px-Machaeroprosopus_pristinus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Machaeroprosopus_pristinus.jpg/440px-Machaeroprosopus_pristinus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><i>M. pristinus</i> skull</figcaption></figure> <p><i>M. pristinus</i> was first described and named by Maurice G. Mehl in <a href="/wiki/1928_in_paleontology" title="1928 in paleontology">1928</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> of <i>Pseudopalatus</i>, <i>Pseudopalatus pristinus</i>, on the basis of the holotype MU 525, nearly complete skull. It was collected, from the <a href="/wiki/Norian" title="Norian">Norian</a>-aged Upper Petrified Forest Member of the <a href="/wiki/Chinle_Formation" title="Chinle Formation">Chinle Formation</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Adamana,_Arizona" title="Adamana, Arizona">Adamana</a>, Arizona. Additional skulls and postcranial material, some articulated skeletons, from the same member were referred to this species by Colbert (1946) and Long and Murry (1995) from Arizona, and by Lawler (1979), Ballew (1986) and Long and Murry (1995) from New Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Camp">Charles Camp</a> (1930) described and named <i>Machaeroprosopus tenuis</i> on the basis of UCMP 27018, a nearly complete skull, lower jaws, and some complete postcranial material, from the Billings Gap locality (UCMP 7043, Upper Petrified Forest Member), Apache County of Arizona. This specimen was occasionally referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Rutiodon" title="Rutiodon">Rutiodon</a> tenuis</i>, although since Long and Murry (1995) it is considered to be a junior synonym of <i>M. pristinus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long and Murry (1995) also suggested that <i><a href="/wiki/Redondasaurus_gregorii" class="mw-redirect" title="Redondasaurus gregorii">Redondasaurus gregorii</a></i> from the <a href="/wiki/Redonda_Formation" title="Redonda Formation">Redonda Formation</a> of New Mexico is a junior synonym of <i>M. pristinus</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this was not accepted by subsequent authors.<sup id="cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParkerIrmis06-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other, then unnumbered, specimens from the upper <a href="/wiki/Church_Rock_Member" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Rock Member">Church Rock Member</a> (Chinle Formation, Utah), <a href="/wiki/Bull_Canyon_Formation" title="Bull Canyon Formation">Bull Canyon Formation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Travesser_Formation" title="Travesser Formation">Travesser Formation</a> (New Mexico) and <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Canyon_Formation" title="Cooper Canyon Formation">Cooper Canyon Formation</a> (Texas), were referred to <i>M. pristinus</i> by Long and Murry (1995),<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although recent studies suggest that <i>M. pristinus</i> is currently known only from the Upper Petrified Forest Member of Arizona and New Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-StockerButler13_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StockerButler13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M._validus"><i>M. validus</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machaeroprosopus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: M. validus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rutiodon_validus_21DB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rutiodon_validus_21DB.jpg/220px-Rutiodon_validus_21DB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rutiodon_validus_21DB.jpg/330px-Rutiodon_validus_21DB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rutiodon_validus_21DB.jpg/440px-Rutiodon_validus_21DB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1071" /></a><figcaption><i>M. validus</i> restoration</figcaption></figure> <p><i>M. validus</i> was first described and named by Maurice G. Mehl in Mehl <i>et al.</i>, in <a href="/wiki/1916_in_paleontology" title="1916 in paleontology">1916</a> on the basis of the holotype UW 3807, a complete <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a>, and the two <a href="/wiki/Paratype" title="Paratype">paratypes</a> UW 3808 and UW 3809, partial skulls,<sup id="cite_ref-chin_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from Norian-aged Upper Petrified Forest Member of the Chinle Formation, <a href="/wiki/Coconino_County,_Arizona" title="Coconino County, Arizona">Coconino County</a> of Arizona.<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The skulls have been lost since the 1950s, and a line drawing in the original 1916 description is the only visual record of the specimen. <i>M. validus</i>, once thought to be the <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>, was suggested by some authors to represent the same species as <i>Pseudopalatus pristinus</i>. If this is the case, the name <i>Machaeroprosopus</i> would have precedence over <i>Pseudopalatus</i> because <i>Pseudopalatus</i> was named in 1928, twelve years after <i>Machaeroprosopus</i> was named.<sup id="cite_ref-chin_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long and Murry (1995) erected a new genus for <i><a href="/wiki/Belodon" title="Belodon">Belodon</a> buceros</i>, not knowing that it was in fact the type species of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i> (and not <i>M. validus</i>), creating <i>Arribasuchus buceros</i>. They also suggested that <i>M. validus</i> might be a junior synonym of <i>A. buceros</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Machaeroprosopus_validus_Mehl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Machaeroprosopus_validus_Mehl.jpg/220px-Machaeroprosopus_validus_Mehl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Machaeroprosopus_validus_Mehl.jpg/330px-Machaeroprosopus_validus_Mehl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Machaeroprosopus_validus_Mehl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>Line drawing of the skull of <i>M. validus</i> in Mehl <i>et al.</i> (1916)<sup id="cite_ref-Mehletal1916_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mehletal1916-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Until recently, <i>M. validus</i> was considered to be the only species of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i> that has not been reassigned. Thus, <i>Machaeroprosopus</i> was considered to be a <i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">nomen dubium</a></i> or "doubtful name" because of the lack of diagnostic specimens that can support its distinction from other phytosaur genera. However, a <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> revision of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>, conducted by Parker <i>et al.</i> (in press), revealed that UW 3807 is not the holotype of <i>Machaeroprosopus</i>, while the species <i>Machaeroprosopus buceros</i> is in fact the correct new combination for the type species of the genus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machaeroprosopus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mehletal1916-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mehletal1916_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mehletal1916_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mehletal1916_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMehlToepelmannSchwartz1916" class="citation journal cs1">Mehl, Maurice; Toepelmann, W. C.; Schwartz, G. M. (1916). "New or little known reptiles from the Trias of Arizona and New Mexico with notes from the fossil bearing horizons near Wingate, New Mexico". <i>University of Oklahoma Bulletin</i>. <b>103</b>: 1–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Oklahoma+Bulletin&rft.atitle=New+or+little+known+reptiles+from+the+Trias+of+Arizona+and+New+Mexico+with+notes+from+the+fossil+bearing+horizons+near+Wingate%2C+New+Mexico&rft.volume=103&rft.pages=1-44&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Mehl&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft.au=Toepelmann%2C+W.+C.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+G.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMachaeroprosopus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ParkerIrmis06-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ParkerIrmis06_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkerIrmis2006" class="citation journal cs1">Parker, W. G.; Irmis, R. B. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~irmisr/pseudjab.pdf">"A new species of the Late Triassic phytosaur Pseudopalatus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin</i>. <b>62</b>: 126–143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Museum+of+Northern+Arizona+Bulletin&rft.atitle=A+new+species+of+the+Late+Triassic+phytosaur+Pseudopalatus+%28Archosauria%3A+Pseudosuchia%29+from+Petrified+Forest+National+Park%2C+Arizona&rft.volume=62&rft.pages=126-143&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=W.+G.&rft.au=Irmis%2C+R.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsocrates.berkeley.edu%2F~irmisr%2Fpseudjab.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMachaeroprosopus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M.lottorum-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M.lottorum_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M.lottorum_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M.lottorum_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M.lottorum_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHungerbühlerMuellerChatterjeeCunningham2013" class="citation journal cs1">Hungerbühler, A.; Mueller, B.; Chatterjee, S.; Cunningham, D. P. (2013). "Cranial anatomy of the Late Triassic phytosaur Machaeroprosopus, with the description of a new species from West Texas". <i>Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh</i>. <b>103</b> (3–4): 269. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1755691013000364">10.1017/S1755691013000364</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129442164">129442164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+and+Environmental+Science+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Cranial+anatomy+of+the+Late+Triassic+phytosaur+Machaeroprosopus%2C+with+the+description+of+a+new+species+from+West+Texas&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=269&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1755691013000364&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129442164%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hungerb%C3%BChler&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Mueller%2C+B.&rft.au=Chatterjee%2C+S.&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+D.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMachaeroprosopus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ballew89-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ballew89_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ballew89_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ballew89_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallew1989" class="citation book cs1">Ballew, K. 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Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History. pp. 309–339.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+phylogenetic+analysis+of+Phytosauria+from+the+Late+Triassic+of+the+western+United+States&rft.btitle=Dawn+of+the+age+of+dinosaurs+in+the+American+Southwest&rft.place=Albuquerque&rft.pages=309-339&rft.pub=New+Mexico+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Ballew&rft.aufirst=K.+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnmnaturalhistory.org%2Fassets%2Ffiles%2FBulletins%2FDawnAgeDinos%2Fdawn_18_ballew.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMachaeroprosopus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LongMurry95-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LongMurry95_5-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongMurry1995" class="citation journal cs1">Long, R. 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phytosauria" title="Template:Phytosauria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phytosauria" title="Template talk:Phytosauria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phytosauria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phytosauria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Phytosauria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Phytosaur" title="Phytosaur">Phytosauria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Class:_Sauropsida_*_Clade:_Archosauromorpha_*_Clade:_Crurotarsi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Crurotarsi" title="Crurotarsi">Crurotarsi</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sauropsida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Sauropsida" title="Template:Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Archosauromorpha" title="Template:Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phytosaur" title="Phytosaur">Phytosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:115%"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Phytosaur" title="Phytosaur">Phytosauria</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Phytosauria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Phytosaur" title="Phytosaur">Phytosauria</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diandongosuchus" title="Diandongosuchus">Diandongosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heteropelta" title="Heteropelta">Heteropelta</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parasuchidae" title="Parasuchidae">Parasuchidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arganarhinus" title="Arganarhinus">Arganarhinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ebrachosuchus" title="Ebrachosuchus">Ebrachosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paleorhinus" title="Paleorhinus">Paleorhinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parasuchus" title="Parasuchus">Parasuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wannia" title="Wannia">Wannia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mystriosuchinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystriosuchinae">Mystriosuchinae</a><br />/ <a href="/wiki/Phytosauridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytosauridae">Phytosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angistorhinus" title="Angistorhinus">Angistorhinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brachysuchus" title="Brachysuchus">Brachysuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colossosuchus" title="Colossosuchus">Colossosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jupijkam" title="Jupijkam">Jupijkam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protome_batalaria" title="Protome batalaria">Protome</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rutiodon" title="Rutiodon">Rutiodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volcanosuchus" title="Volcanosuchus">Volcanosuchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leptosuchomorpha" title="Leptosuchomorpha">Leptosuchomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Leptosuchus" title="Leptosuchus">Leptosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravusuchus" title="Pravusuchus">Pravusuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smilosuchus" title="Smilosuchus">Smilosuchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mystriosuchini" title="Mystriosuchini">Mystriosuchini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angistorhinopsis" title="Angistorhinopsis">Angistorhinopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Machaeroprosopus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystriosuchus" title="Mystriosuchus">Mystriosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nicrosaurus" title="Nicrosaurus">Nicrosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Redondasaurus" title="Redondasaurus">Redondasaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">Nomina dubia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Belodon" title="Belodon">Belodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Centemodon" title="Centemodon">Centemodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clepsysaurus" title="Clepsysaurus">Clepsysaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coburgosuchus" title="Coburgosuchus">Coburgosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compsosaurus" title="Compsosaurus">Compsosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francosuchus" title="Francosuchus">Francosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heterodontosuchus" title="Heterodontosuchus">Heterodontosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesorhinosuchus" title="Mesorhinosuchus">Mesorhinosuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omosaurus" title="Omosaurus">Omosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palaeoctonus" title="Palaeoctonus">Palaeoctonus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phytosaurus" title="Phytosaurus">Phytosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rileyasuchus" title="Rileyasuchus">Rileyasuchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suchoprion" title="Suchoprion">Suchoprion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Termatosaurus" title="Termatosaurus">Termatosaurus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Smilosuchus adamanensis"><img alt="Smilosuchus adamanensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg/140px-Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg/210px-Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg/280px-Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2894" data-file-height="648" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Phytosaurs" title="Category:Phytosaurs">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Machaeroprosopus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723374" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q6723374">Q6723374</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/4531004">4531004</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4817574">4817574</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1152416">1152416</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=4128948">4128948</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=69056">69056</a></span></span></li></ul> 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title="Category:Fossil taxa described in 1916">Fossil taxa described in 1916</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Maurice_Mehl" title="Category:Taxa named by Maurice Mehl">Taxa named by Maurice Mehl</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language 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