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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-17.5_mm_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17.5_mm_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>17.5 mm format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17.5_mm_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9.5_mm_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9.5_mm_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>9.5 mm format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9.5_mm_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety_film_and_the_16_mm_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_film_and_the_16_mm_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Safety film and the 16 mm format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety_film_and_the_16_mm_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-8_mm_film_format_and_color" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#8_mm_film_format_and_color"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>8 mm film format and color</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-8_mm_film_format_and_color-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Super_8_and_Single-8_film_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Super_8_and_Single-8_film_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Super 8 and Single-8 film formats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Super_8_and_Single-8_film_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_video-making" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_video-making"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Home video-making</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_video-making-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Omnipresence_and_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omnipresence_and_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Omnipresence and controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omnipresence_and_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_dom%C3%A9stico" title="Video doméstico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Video doméstico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="गृह फिल्म – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गृह फिल्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_movie" title="Home movie – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Home movie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADdeo_caseiro" title="Vídeo caseiro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vídeo caseiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Любительское кино – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Любительское кино" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="فیلمی ماڵەوە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیلمی ماڵەوە" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_movies&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Home movies">Home movies</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Amateur film or video typically made just to preserve a visual record of family activities</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Home_movie_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Home movie (disambiguation)">Home movie (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Home_video" title="Home video">Home video</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent film</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Home_(2015_film)" title="Home (2015 film)">Home (2015 film)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Home_movie" title="Special:EditPage/Home movie">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Home+movie%22">"Home movie"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Home+movie%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Home+movie%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Home+movie%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Home+movie%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Home+movie%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ny-worldfair1939-noaudio.ogv/220px--Ny-worldfair1939-noaudio.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="62" data-mwtitle="Ny-worldfair1939-noaudio.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Ny-worldfair1939-noaudio.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Ny-worldfair1939-noaudio.ogv/Ny-worldfair1939-noaudio.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Ny-worldfair1939-noaudio.ogv/Ny-worldfair1939-noaudio.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Ny-worldfair1939-noaudio.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Ny-worldfair1939-noaudio.ogv/Ny-worldfair1939-noaudio.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Home movie made at the <a href="/wiki/1939_Worlds_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="1939 Worlds Fair">1939 Worlds Fair</a> in New York.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>home movie</b> is a short amateur <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> or <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a> typically made just to preserve a visual record of family activities, a vacation, or a special event, and intended for viewing at home by family and friends. Originally, home movies were made on <a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">photographic film</a> in formats that usually limited the movie-maker to about three minutes per roll of costly camera film. The vast majority of amateur film formats lacked audio, shooting <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a>. </p><p>The 1970s saw the advent of consumer <a href="/wiki/Camcorder" title="Camcorder">camcorders</a> that could record an hour or two of video on one relatively inexpensive <a href="/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">videocassette</a> which also had audio and did not need to be developed the way film did. This was followed by digital video cameras that recorded to <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a>, and most recently <a href="/wiki/Smartphones" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartphones">smartphones</a> with video recording capability, made the creation of home movies easier and much more affordable to the average person. </p><p>The technological boundaries between home-movie-making and professional movie-making are becoming increasingly blurred as <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prosumer#Etymology_2" class="extiw" title="wikt:prosumer">prosumer</a> equipment often offers features previously only available on professional equipment. </p><p>In recent years, clips from home movies have been available to wider audiences through television series such as <i><a href="/wiki/Kato-chan_Ken-chan_Gokigen_TV" title="Kato-chan Ken-chan Gokigen TV">Kato-chan Ken-chan Gokigen TV</a></i> (1986 debut) in Japan,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Funniest_Home_Videos" title="America's Funniest Home Videos">America's Funniest Home Videos</a></i> (1989 debut) in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/You%27ve_Been_Framed!" title="You've Been Framed!">You've Been Framed!</a></i> (1990 debut) in Britain,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Video_Gag" title="Video Gag">Video Gag</a></i> (1990 debut) in France,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and online <a href="/wiki/Video_sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Video sharing">video sharing</a> sites such as <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> (founded 2005), that of users who want to share their home movies as <a href="/wiki/User-generated_content" title="User-generated content">user-generated content</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, and wider availability of high-speed connections has provided new ways of sharing home movies, such as <a href="/wiki/Video_blogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Video blogs">video blogs</a> (vlogs) and <a href="/wiki/Video_podcast" class="mw-redirect" title="Video podcast">video podcasts</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of home movie-making has depended critically on the availability of equipment and media formats (<a href="/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">film stock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Video tape">video tape</a>, etc.) at prices affordable to consumers. The introduction of <a href="/wiki/List_of_film_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="List of film formats">film formats</a> suitable for amateur hobbyists began early in the history of <a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinematography</a>. </p><p>Amateur film equipment became standardized in the 1920s and 30s with the 9.5 mm, 16 mm, and 8 mm formats. By the late 1950s, home movies became cheaper to make, becoming available to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a>. In the mid-1960s, Super 8's ease of use led to home movies being even more popular.<sup id="cite_ref-material_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-material-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17.5_mm_format">17.5 mm format</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 17.5 mm format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/17.5_mm_film" title="17.5 mm film">17.5 mm</a> "Birtac" format was patented by <a href="/wiki/Birt_Acres" title="Birt Acres">Birt Acres</a> in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-marriottworld.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marriottworld.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This format split the standard <a href="/wiki/35_mm_movie_film" title="35 mm movie film">35 mm film</a> into two strips half as wide and could be loaded into the camera in daylight. Since the <a href="/wiki/Film_frame" title="Film frame">film frames</a> were also half the height of 35 mm frames, the Birtac format used only 25% of the amount of film stock used by 35 mm. The camera doubled as a printer and projector, so equipment costs were also reduced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9.5_mm_format">9.5 mm format</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 9.5 mm format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1922, the French firm <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathé Frères">Pathé Frères</a> introduced a new <a href="/wiki/9.5_mm_film" title="9.5 mm film">film format 9.5 mm wide</a> which put the <a href="/wiki/Sprocket_hole" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprocket hole">sprocket holes</a> between the frames instead of along the sides of the film, allowing the images to occupy nearly the entire width. The resulting frames were nearly as large and clear as with the slightly later <a href="/wiki/16_mm_film" title="16 mm film">16 mm format</a>, which devoted much of its width to the stabilizing perforations. Used both for making home movies and for showing shortened "cinema-at-home" versions of professionally made feature films, it enjoyed popularity for several decades in Europe, including the UK, but was virtually unknown in the US. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safety_film_and_the_16_mm_format">Safety film and the 16 mm format</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Safety film and the 16 mm format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of importance in making motion picture film practical for home use was the manufacturing option of <a href="/wiki/Safety_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety film">safety film</a> in the 1920s. The <a href="/wiki/Cellulose_nitrate#Nitrate_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellulose nitrate">nitrate film</a> used by professionals required caution in handling and projection because it is highly flammable. Nitrate film badly stored has been known to <a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_combustion" title="Spontaneous combustion">spontaneously combust</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/16_mm_film" title="16 mm film">16 mm</a> format, which used only safety film, was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Kodak">Eastman Kodak</a> in 1923<sup id="cite_ref-marriottworld.com_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marriottworld.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became a standard in the non-professional market. Although 16 mm had the advantage that users were not tied to one equipment manufacturer, and there were obvious cost advantages compared to standard 35 mm, the advent of an even smaller and cheaper format ultimately relegated 16 mm to professional users, particularly in the educational market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="8_mm_film_format_and_color">8 mm film format and color</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 8 mm film format and color"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zapruder_Camera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Zapruder_Camera.jpg/220px-Zapruder_Camera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Zapruder_Camera.jpg/330px-Zapruder_Camera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Zapruder_Camera.jpg/440px-Zapruder_Camera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2436" data-file-height="2204" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bell_%26_Howell" title="Bell & Howell">Bell & Howell</a> Zoomatic camera used by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Zapruder" title="Abraham Zapruder">Abraham Zapruder</a> that recorded the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of John F. Kennedy</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>In 1932, <a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Kodak</a> introduced another new format, <a href="/wiki/8_mm_film" title="8 mm film">8 mm</a>, now called "<a href="/wiki/Standard_8_mm_film" title="Standard 8 mm film">Standard 8</a>" or "Regular 8", which put four frames into the area occupied by one standard 16 mm frame. The film usually came in 16 mm wide "Double 8" form, which ran through the camera in two passes (one in each direction) and was slit in half after processing. The "Straight 8" variant came already cut to 8 mm width. In either case, the amount of film stock used per frame was again reduced by 75%. This finally brought home movies within the reach of the average family. The smaller format also made possible smaller and more portable cameras and projectors. </p><p>The introduction of <a href="/wiki/Kodachrome" title="Kodachrome">Kodachrome</a> color <a href="/wiki/Reversal_film" title="Reversal film">reversal film</a> for 16 mm in 1935, and for 8 mm in 1936, facilitated home color cinematography. The availability of reversal film, both black-and-white and Kodachrome, was very important to the economics of home movie-making because it avoided the expense of separate negatives and positive prints. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Super_8_and_Single-8_film_formats">Super 8 and Single-8 film formats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Super 8 and Single-8 film formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original 8 mm format was largely superseded within a few years of Kodak's 1965 introduction of <a href="/wiki/Super_8_mm_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Super 8 mm film">Super 8</a> film. The Super 8 format used the same film width as standard 8 mm, but the perforations were smaller, making room for larger <a href="/wiki/Film_frame" title="Film frame">frames</a> that yielded a clearer image. In addition, Super 8 film came in cartridges for easier loading into the camera. High-end Super 8 also could be purchased with a magnetic audio track, allowing for synchronized sound home movies.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Single-8" title="Single-8">Single-8</a>, a competing product from <a href="/wiki/Fujifilm" title="Fujifilm">Fujifilm</a>, was also introduced in 1965. It used the same new format as Super 8 but on a thinner <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyester</a> base and in a different type of camera cartridge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_video-making">Home video-making</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Home video-making"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Beta</a> <a href="/wiki/Videocassette_recorder" title="Videocassette recorder">VCR</a> in 1975 and <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> in 1976 heralded a revolution in the making of home movies. <a href="/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">Videocassettes</a> were extremely inexpensive compared to film and they could even be erased. This had the effect of greatly increasing the hours of footage of most family video libraries. It took a few years before consumer <a href="/wiki/Video_camera" title="Video camera">video cameras</a> and portable VCRs were introduced, and later combined to create <a href="/wiki/Camcorder" title="Camcorder">camcorders</a>, but by that time, many consumers already had the playback equipment in their homes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Omnipresence_and_controversy">Omnipresence and controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Omnipresence and controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Portability and small size of digital home movie equipment, such as smartphones, has led to the banning of such devices from various places, due to privacy and security concerns. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornographic</a> movies of celebrities have been rumoured to exist for many years, but the ease of creating home movies on video has resulted in several celebrity sex tapes becoming available to the public, often without the permission of participants. The honeymoon video of <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Anderson" title="Pamela Anderson">Pamela Anderson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee" title="Tommy Lee">Tommy Lee</a> from 1998 was the first highly publicized example.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Portability of digital equipment helps fuel other controversies as well, such as the incident on November 17, 2006, in which comedian <a href="/wiki/Michael_Richards" title="Michael Richards">Michael Richards</a> got into a racist war of words with an audience member during his comedy club act.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large parts of the incident were captured on the camera phone of another audience member and broadcast widely. </p><p>Home movies have played important roles in controversial criminal investigations. The prime example is the <a href="/wiki/Zapruder_film" title="Zapruder film">Zapruder film</a> of the 1963 assassination of U.S. President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, accidentally captured on <a href="/wiki/Kodachrome" title="Kodachrome">Kodachrome</a> film with an 8 mm home movie camera. The film became crucial evidence for the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a>, which investigated the assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first, only black-and-white enlargements of individual <a href="/wiki/Film_frame" title="Film frame">film frames</a> were published, and the most gruesome frame was withheld. The public did not actually see the images in motion for many years. The first showing on network television occurred in 1975. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_film" title="Amateur film">Amateur film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">Cinematography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_videography" title="Event videography">Event videography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_videography" title="Underwater videography">Underwater videography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videography" title="Videography">Videography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_production" title="Video production">Video production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_videography" title="Wedding videography">Wedding videography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_pornography" title="Amateur pornography">Amateur pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelinger_Archives" title="Prelinger Archives">Prelinger Archives</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=What+Does+the+Zapruder+Film+Really+Tell+Us%3F&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fwhat-does-the-zapruder-film-really-tell-us-14194%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHome+movie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has travel information for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Video_recording#Q3772578" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Video recording">Video recording</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://texasarchive.org/taxonomy/term/115700">Home Movies</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasarchive.org/">Texas Archive of the Moving Image</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://centerforhomemovies.org/">Center for Home Movies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oldfilm.org/collection/Browse/Collections/facet/genre_facet/id/1306/view/list/key/8e901317e36cd5591162a1079efcc97a">Northeast Historic Film Collections containing home movies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.retrocod.com/">Home Movie Clips</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190118040005/https://retrocod.com/">Archived</a> 2019-01-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.retrocod.com/stream/">Streaming Home Movies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418010549/https://www.retrocod.com/stream/">Archived</a> 2019-04-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memoire.ciclic.fr/explorer/recherche-avancee/5fb7ac447e6a0/1/date-index/decroissant#genres">French Home Movies archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201208155116/https://memoire.ciclic.fr/explorer/recherche-avancee/5fb7ac447e6a0/1/date-index/decroissant#genres">Archived</a> 2020-12-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/wave-to-the-camera/sQJCp3bGDbd7Ig">Wave to the Camera</a> exhibit on Texas home movies by <a href="/wiki/Texas_Archive_of_the_Moving_Image" title="Texas Archive of the Moving Image">Texas Archive of the Moving Image</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Arts_%26_Culture" title="Google Arts & Culture">Google Arts & Culture</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Independent_production" title="Template:Independent production"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Independent_production" title="Template talk:Independent production"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Independent_production" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Independent production"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Independent_production185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Independent production</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reading" title="Reading">Reading</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_comics" title="Alternative comics">Alternative comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_manga" title="Alternative manga">Alternative manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine">Fanzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcomic" title="Webcomic">Webcomic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_of_webcomics" title="Business of webcomics">business</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webtoon" title="Webtoon">Webtoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minicomic" title="Minicomic">Minicomic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minicomic_Co-ops" title="Minicomic Co-ops">Co-ops</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doujinshi" title="Doujinshi">Doujinshi</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doujinshi_convention" title="Doujinshi convention">conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doujinshi_printer" title="Doujinshi printer">printers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_shop" title="Doujin shop">shops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-publishing" title="Self-publishing">Self-publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_press" title="Small press">Small press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_press_association" title="Amateur press association">Amateur press association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">Independent music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">Record label</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netlabel" title="Netlabel">Netlabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_record_label" title="Open-source record label">Open-source label</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_radio" title="Independent radio">Radio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio" title="Pirate radio">Pirate radio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_culture" title="Cassette culture">Cassette culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_music" title="Doujin music"><i>Doujin</i> music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_music" title="Lo-fi music">Lo-fi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Module_file" title="Module file">Tracker (MOD) music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podsafe" title="Podsafe">Podsafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">Underground music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending">Circuit bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_musical_instrument" title="Experimental musical instrument">Experimental musical instrument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">Video</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight:normal;">Amateur</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_movies" class="mw-redirect" title="Home movies">Home movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_film" title="Amateur film">Amateur film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_pornography" title="Amateur pornography">Amateur pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_film" title="Fan film">Fan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machinima" title="Machinima">Machinima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight:normal;">Professional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_animation" title="Independent animation">Independent animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B_movies_(Hollywood_Golden_Age)" title="B movies (Hollywood Golden Age)">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movies_in_the_1950s" title="B movies in the 1950s">'50s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movies_(exploitation_boom)" title="B movies (exploitation boom)">'60s–'70s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movies_since_the_1980s" title="B movies since the 1980s">'80s–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">Midnight movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_wave_cinema" title="No wave cinema">No wave cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_feature" title="Double feature">Double feature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_coding" title="Cowboy coding">Cowboy coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demoscene" title="Demoscene">Demoscene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_cracking" title="Software cracking">Software cracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unofficial_patch" title="Unofficial patch">Unofficial patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warez_scene" title="Warez scene">Warez scene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Video games">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indie_game" title="Indie game">Indie games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indie_game_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Indie game development">development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indie_game_developers" title="List of indie game developers">developers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homebrew_(video_games)" title="Homebrew (video games)">Homebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_game" title="Fan game">Fan game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_soft" title="Doujin soft"><i>Doujin</i> soft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_modding" title="Video game modding">Mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_video_game" title="Open-source video game">Open-source video game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROM_hacking" title="ROM hacking">ROM hack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Food</li><li>Drinks</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_soft_drink" title="Independent soft drink">Independent soft drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homebrewing" title="Homebrewing">Homebrewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microbrewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbrewery">Microbrewery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indie_art" title="Indie art">Indie art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_photography" title="Vernacular photography">Amateur photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_art" title="Mail art">Mail art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_environment" title="Visionary environment">Visionary environment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_role-playing_game" title="Indie role-playing game">Indie RPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_circuit" title="Independent circuit">Independent circuit <span style="font-size:85%;">(wrestling)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">Independent TV station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_media" title="Independent media">Independent media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_design" title="Indie design">Indie design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">Do it yourself</a> (<a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doujin" title="Doujin">Doujin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_(magazine)" title="Make (magazine)"><i>Make</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(magazine)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maker_Faire" title="Maker Faire">Maker Faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes" class="mw-redirect" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Social peer-to-peer processes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&oldid=1241065488">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Home_movie&oldid=1241065488</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hobbies" title="Category:Hobbies">Hobbies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinematography" 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