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Kennedy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_to_John_F._Kennedy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1961–1963)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1961–1963)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 First Lady of the United States (1961–1963) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1961–1963)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle First Lady of the United States (1961–1963) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1961–1963)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Campaign_for_presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_for_presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Campaign for presidency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_for_presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_first_lady" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_first_lady"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 As first lady </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_first_lady-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-White_House_restoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_House_restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 White House restoration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_House_restoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_trips" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_trips"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Foreign trips </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_trips-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_of_infant_son" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_of_infant_son"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Death of infant son </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_of_infant_son-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassination_and_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination_and_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Assassination and funeral of John F. Kennedy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination_and_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_following_the_assassination_(1963–1975)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_following_the_assassination_(1963–1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Life following the assassination (1963–1975) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Life_following_the_assassination_(1963–1975)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Life following the assassination (1963–1975) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Life_following_the_assassination_(1963–1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mourning_period_and_later_public_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mourning_period_and_later_public_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Mourning period and later public appearances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mourning_period_and_later_public_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_Robert_F._Kennedy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_Robert_F._Kennedy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Relationship with Robert F. Kennedy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_Robert_F._Kennedy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_to_Aristotle_Onassis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_to_Aristotle_Onassis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Marriage to Aristotle Onassis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_to_Aristotle_Onassis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years_(1975–1990s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years_(1975–1990s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Later years (1975–1990s) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years_(1975–1990s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness,_death,_and_funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness,_death,_and_funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Illness, death, and funeral </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness,_death,_and_funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Popularity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style_icon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_icon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Style icon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style_icon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_assessments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_assessments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Historical assessments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_assessments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Honors and memorials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Portrayals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrayals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" > 78 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Onassis" title="Jackie Onassis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jackie Onassis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="جاكلين كينيدي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاكلين كينيدي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%94%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%95%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Ժաքլին Քենետի Օնասիս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ժաքլին Քենետի Օնասիս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaklin_Kennedi" title="Jaklin Kennedi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jaklin Kennedi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="জ্যাকুলিন কেনেডি ওনাসিস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যাকুলিন কেনেডি ওনাসিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Жаклін Кенэдзі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жаклін Кенэдзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Жаклін Кенэдзі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жаклін Кенэдзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Жаклин Кенеди Онасис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жаклин Кенеди Онасис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedyov%C3%A1_Onassisov%C3%A1" title="Jacqueline Kennedyová Onassisová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedyová Onassisová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Τζάκι Κένεντι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζάκι Κένεντι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="جکلین کندی اوناسیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جکلین کندی اوناسیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy-Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy-Onassis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy-Onassis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Kennedy" title="Jackie Kennedy – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jackie Kennedy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%B0_%EC%BC%80%EB%84%A4%EB%94%94_%EC%98%A4%EB%82%98%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="재클린 케네디 오나시스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="재클린 케네디 오나시스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%94%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Ժաքլին Քենեդի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժաքլին Քենեդի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1" title="ג'קלין קנדי-אונאסיס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'קלין קנדי-אונאסיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ჟაკლინ კენედი ონასისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟაკლინ კენედი ონასისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Жаклин Кеннеди – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жаклин Кеннеди" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacoba_Kennedy_Onasis" title="Iacoba Kennedy Onasis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacoba Kennedy Onasis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDakl%C4%ABna_Kenedija" title="Žaklīna Kenedija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žaklīna Kenedija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Жаклин Кенеди Оназис – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жаклин Кенеди Оназис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF" title="ജാക്വിലീൻ കെന്നഡി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജാക്വിലീൻ കെന്നഡി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="जॅकेलिन ली केनेडी-ओनासिस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॅकेलिन ली केनेडी-ओनासिस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="جاكلين كيندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاكلين كيندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ژاکلین کندی اوناسیس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ژاکلین کندی اوناسیس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Жаклин Кеннеди – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жаклин Кеннеди" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%86%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျက်ကလင်း ကနေဒီ အိုနာဆစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျက်ကလင်း ကနေဒီ အိုနာဆစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%8D%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9" title="ジャクリーン・ケネディ・オナシス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャクリーン・ケネディ・オナシス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy" title="Jacqueline Kennedy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B3" title="جیکولین کینیڈی اوناسس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیکولین کینیڈی اوناسس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93_%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8_%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F" title="ជែកខ្វេលីន កេនណេឌី អូណាស្សិស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជែកខ្វេលីន កេនណេឌី អូណាស្សិស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onasis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onasis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onasis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кеннеди, Жаклин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кеннеди, Жаклин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedyov%C3%A1-Onassisov%C3%A1" title="Jacqueline Kennedyová-Onassisová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedyová-Onassisová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Џеклин Кенеди Оназис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џеклин Кенеди Оназис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜாக்குலின் கென்னடி ஒனாசிஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜாக்குலின் கென்னடி ஒனாசிஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First Lady of the United States from 1961 to 1963</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mrs. Kennedy" redirects here. For other women with this surname, see <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_(surname)" title="Kennedy (surname)">Kennedy (surname)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Mrs_Kennedy_in_the_Diplomatic_Reception_Room_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mrs_Kennedy_in_the_Diplomatic_Reception_Room_cropped.jpg/220px-Mrs_Kennedy_in_the_Diplomatic_Reception_Room_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mrs_Kennedy_in_the_Diplomatic_Reception_Room_cropped.jpg/330px-Mrs_Kennedy_in_the_Diplomatic_Reception_Room_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mrs_Kennedy_in_the_Diplomatic_Reception_Room_cropped.jpg/440px-Mrs_Kennedy_in_the_Diplomatic_Reception_Room_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="724" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Kennedy in 1961</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In role January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" title="Mamie Eisenhower">Mamie Eisenhower</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jacqueline Lee Bouvier</div> (1929-07-28)July 28, 1929 <a href="/wiki/Southampton_(village),_New_York" title="Southampton (village), New York">Southampton, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 19, 1994(1994-05-19) (aged 64) New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1953; <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">died</a> 1963)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Aristotle_Onassis" title="Aristotle Onassis">Aristotle Onassis</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1968; died 1975)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domestic partner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Tempelsman" title="Maurice Tempelsman">Maurice Tempelsman</a> (1980–1994)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvier_family" title="Bouvier family">Bouvier family</a> (by birth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a> (by marriage)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="John F. Kennedy Jr.">John Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bouvier_Kennedy" title="Patrick Bouvier Kennedy">Patrick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Vernou_Bouvier_III" title="John Vernou Bouvier III">John Vernou Bouvier III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Lee_Bouvier" title="Janet Lee Bouvier">Janet Lee Bouvier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Radziwill" title="Lee Radziwill">Lee Radziwill</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Auchincloss_Rutherfurd" title="Janet Auchincloss Rutherfurd">Janet Auchincloss Rutherfurd</a> (half-sister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Socialite</li> <li>book editor</li> <li>journalist</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacqueline_Kennedy_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Signature.svg/128px-Jacqueline_Kennedy_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Signature.svg/192px-Jacqueline_Kennedy_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Signature.svg/256px-Jacqueline_Kennedy_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="151" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Jacqueline Lee "Jackie" Kennedy Onassis<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Bouvier <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈbuːvieɪ/</a>; July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994) was an American writer, book editor, and <a href="/wiki/Socialite" title="Socialite">socialite</a> who served as the <a href="/wiki/First_lady_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="First lady of the United States">first lady of the United States</a> from 1961 to 1963, as the wife of president <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>. A popular first lady, she endeared herself to the American public with her devotion to her family, dedication to the historic preservation of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, the campaigns she led to preserve and restore historic landmarks and architecture along with her interest in American history, culture, and arts. During her lifetime, she was regarded as an international icon for her unique fashion choices, and her work as a cultural ambassador of the United States made her very popular globally.<a href="#cite_note-Craughwell-Varda1999-2">[1]</a> After studying history and art at <a href="/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar College</a> and graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in <a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">French literature</a> from <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> in 1951, Bouvier started working for the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Times-Herald" title="Washington Times-Herald">Washington Times-Herald</a> as an inquiring photographer.<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> The following year, she met then-<a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Congressman</a> John F. Kennedy of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> at a dinner party in Washington. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> that same year, and the couple married on September 12, 1953, in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>. They had four children, two of whom <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_curse" title="Kennedy curse">died in infancy</a>. Following her husband's <a href="/wiki/Election_of_John_F._Kennedy_as_President_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Election of John F. Kennedy as President of the United States">election to the presidency</a> in <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a>, Kennedy was known for her highly publicized restoration of the White House and emphasis on arts and culture as well as for her style. She also traveled to many countries where her fluency in foreign languages and history made her very popular.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> At age 33, she was named <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine's Woman of the Year in 1962. After her husband's <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">funeral</a> in 1963, Kennedy and her children largely withdrew from public view. In 1968, she married Greek shipping magnate <a href="/wiki/Aristotle_Onassis" title="Aristotle Onassis">Aristotle Onassis</a>, which caused controversy. Following Onassis's death in 1975, she had a career as a <a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">book editor</a> in New York City, first at <a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a> and then at <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>, and worked to restore her public image. Even after her death, she ranks as one of the most popular and recognizable first ladies in American history, and in 1999, she was placed on the list of <a href="/wiki/Gallup%27s_most_admired_man_and_woman_poll" title="Gallup's most admired man and woman poll">Gallup's Most-Admired Men and Women</a> of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-GallupWomen-6">[5]</a> She died in 1994 and was buried at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> alongside President Kennedy and two of their children, one stillborn and one who died shortly after birth.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Surveys of historians conducted periodically by the <a href="/wiki/Siena_College_Research_Institute" title="Siena College Research Institute">Siena College Research Institute</a> since 1982 have consistently found Kennedy Onassis to rank among the most highly regarded first ladies by the assessments of historians. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_(1929–1951)">Early life (1929–1951)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life (1929–1951)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_and_childhood">Family and childhood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family and childhood">edit</a>]</div> Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was born on July 28, 1929, at <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_Southampton_Hospital" title="Stony Brook Southampton Hospital">Southampton Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southampton_(village),_New_York" title="Southampton (village), New York">Southampton, New York</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a> stockbroker <a href="/wiki/John_Vernou_Bouvier_III" title="John Vernou Bouvier III">John Vernou "Black Jack" Bouvier III</a> and socialite <a href="/wiki/Janet_Norton_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Janet Norton Lee">Janet Norton Lee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> Her mother was of <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> descent,<a href="#cite_note-Pottker7-9">[8]</a> and her father had <a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a> ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-Flaherty-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[b]</a> Named after her father, she was <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptized</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Ignatius_Loyola" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. Ignatius Loyola">Church of St. Ignatius Loyola</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> and raised in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> faith.<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lee_Radziwill" title="Lee Radziwill">Caroline Lee</a>, her younger sister, was born four years later on March 3, 1933.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> Jacqueline Bouvier spent her early childhood years in Manhattan and at <a href="/wiki/Lasata" title="Lasata">Lasata</a>, the Bouviers' country estate in <a href="/wiki/East_Hampton_(village),_New_York" title="East Hampton (village), New York">East Hampton</a> on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobituary-16">[14]</a> She looked up to her father, who likewise favored her over her sister, calling his elder child "the most beautiful daughter a man ever had".<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> Biographer Tina Santi Flaherty reports Jacqueline's early confidence in herself, seeing a link to her father's praise and positive attitude to her, and her sister Lee Radziwill stated that Jacqueline would not have gained her "independence and individuality" had it not been for the relationship she had with their father and paternal grandfather, <a href="/wiki/John_Vernou_Bouvier_Jr." title="John Vernou Bouvier Jr.">John Vernou Bouvier Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-Tracy9-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> From an early age, Jacqueline was an enthusiastic <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrienne</a> and successfully competed in the sport, and horse-riding remained a lifelong passion.<a href="#cite_note-Tracy9-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jacqueline-20">[18]</a> She took <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> lessons, was an avid reader, and excelled at learning foreign languages, including <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> French was particularly emphasized in her upbringing.<a href="#cite_note-Tracy38-22">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacqueline_Bouvier_by_David_Berne,_1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jacqueline_Bouvier_by_David_Berne%2C_1935.jpg/170px-Jacqueline_Bouvier_by_David_Berne%2C_1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jacqueline_Bouvier_by_David_Berne%2C_1935.jpg/255px-Jacqueline_Bouvier_by_David_Berne%2C_1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jacqueline_Bouvier_by_David_Berne%2C_1935.jpg/340px-Jacqueline_Bouvier_by_David_Berne%2C_1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption>Six-year-old Jacqueline Bouvier with her dog in 1935</figcaption></figure> In 1935, Jacqueline Bouvier was enrolled in Manhattan's <a href="/wiki/Chapin_School_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapin School (Manhattan)">Chapin School</a>, where she attended grades 1–7.<a href="#cite_note-Jacqueline-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> She was a bright student but often misbehaved; one of her teachers described her as "a darling child, the prettiest little girl, very clever, very artistic, and full of the devil".<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrary-24">[22]</a> Her mother attributed this behavior to her finishing her assignments ahead of classmates and then acting out in boredom.<a href="#cite_note-Harris540-25">[23]</a> Her behavior improved after the headmistress warned her that none of her positive qualities would matter if she did not behave.<a href="#cite_note-Harris540-25">[23]</a> The marriage of the Bouviers was strained by the father's <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extramarital_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Extramarital affair">extramarital affairs</a>; the family had also struggled with financial difficulties following the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">Wall Street Crash of 1929</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobituary-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> They separated in 1936 and divorced four years later, with the press publishing intimate details of the split.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> According to her cousin <a href="/wiki/John_H._Davis_(author)" title="John H. Davis (author)">John H. Davis</a>, Jacqueline was deeply affected by the divorce and subsequently had a "tendency to withdraw frequently into a private world of her own."<a href="#cite_note-NYTobituary-16">[14]</a> When their mother married <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a> heir <a href="/wiki/Hugh_D._Auchincloss" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh D. Auchincloss">Hugh Dudley Auchincloss Jr.</a>, the Bouvier sisters did not attend the ceremony because it was arranged quickly and travel was restricted due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tracy17-28">[26]</a> They gained three stepsiblings from Auchincloss's previous marriages, Hugh "Yusha" Auchincloss III, Thomas Gore Auchincloss, and <a href="/wiki/Nina_Gore_Auchincloss" class="mw-redirect" title="Nina Gore Auchincloss">Nina Gore Auchincloss</a>. Jacqueline formed the closest bond with Yusha, who became one of her most trusted confidants.<a href="#cite_note-Tracy17-28">[26]</a> The marriage later produced two more children, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Auchincloss_Rutherfurd" title="Janet Auchincloss Rutherfurd">Janet Jennings Auchincloss</a> in 1945 and James Lee Auchincloss in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-FirstLadies-29">[27]</a> As a wedding gift, Mr. Auchincloss presented his new wife, Janet, with a car. But, being in the depths of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, no new cars were being produced. So, Mr. Auchincloss gave her a like-new 1940 Ford Deluxe Convertible. Jacqueline, 13 at the time, learned to drive in this 1940 Ford. She continued using the car with her siblings through the 1940s. Shortly before her graduation from <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> in 1951, the Auchincloss family sold the Ford. The car now resides in the Crumpley Family Collection in Texas. After the remarriage, Auchincloss's <a href="/wiki/Merrywood" title="Merrywood">Merrywood</a> estate in <a href="/wiki/McLean,_Virginia" title="McLean, Virginia">McLean, Virginia</a>, became the Bouvier sisters' primary residence, although they also spent time at his other estate, <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Farm" title="Hammersmith Farm">Hammersmith Farm</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>, and in their father's homes in New York City and Long Island.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobituary-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> Although she retained a relationship with her father, Jacqueline Bouvier also regarded her stepfather as a close paternal figure.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobituary-16">[14]</a> He gave her a stable environment and the pampered childhood she otherwise would have never experienced.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> While adjusting to her mother's remarriage, she sometimes felt like an outsider in the <a href="/wiki/White_Anglo-Saxon_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="White Anglo-Saxon Protestant">WASP</a> social circle of the Auchinclosses, attributing the feeling to her being Catholic as well as being a child of divorce, which was not common in that social group at that time.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> After seven years at Chapin, Jacqueline Bouvier attended the <a href="/wiki/Holton-Arms_School" title="Holton-Arms School">Holton-Arms School</a> in Northwest <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, from 1942 to 1944 and <a href="/wiki/Miss_Porter%27s_School" title="Miss Porter's School">Miss Porter's School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Farmington,_Connecticut" title="Farmington, Connecticut">Farmington, Connecticut</a>, from 1944 to 1947.<a href="#cite_note-Pottker7-9">[8]</a> She chose Miss Porter's because it was a boarding school that allowed her to distance herself from the Auchinclosses and because the school placed an emphasis on college preparatory classes.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> In her senior class yearbook, Bouvier was acknowledged for "her wit, her accomplishment as a horsewoman, and her unwillingness to become a housewife". She later hired her childhood friend <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Tuckerman" title="Nancy Tuckerman">Nancy Tuckerman</a> to be her <a href="/wiki/White_House_Social_Secretary" title="White House Social Secretary">social secretary</a> at the White House.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> She graduated among the top students of her class and received the Maria McKinney Memorial Award for Excellence in Literature.<a href="#cite_note-Spoto63-35">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="College_and_early_career">College and early career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: College and early career">edit</a>]</div> In the fall of 1947, Jacqueline Bouvier entered <a href="/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie_(town),_New_York" title="Poughkeepsie (town), New York">Poughkeepsie, New York</a>, at that time a women's institution.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> She had wanted to attend <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lawrence_College" title="Sarah Lawrence College">Sarah Lawrence College</a>, closer to New York City, but her parents insisted that she choose the more isolated Vassar.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> She was an accomplished student who participated in the school's art and drama clubs and wrote for its newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobituary-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spoto67-38">[36]</a> Due to her dislike of Vassar's location in Poughkeepsie, she did not take an active part in its social life and instead traveled back to Manhattan for the weekends.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> She had made her debut to <a href="/wiki/High_society_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="High society (group)">high society</a> in the summer before entering college and became a frequent presence in New York social functions. Hearst columnist <a href="/wiki/Igor_Cassini" title="Igor Cassini">Igor Cassini</a> dubbed her the "<a href="/wiki/Debutante#United_States" title="Debutante">debutante</a> of the year".<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> She spent her junior year (1949–1950) in France—at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Grenoble" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Grenoble">University of Grenoble</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, and at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne</a> in Paris—in a study-abroad program through <a href="/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College">Smith College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> Upon returning home, she transferred to <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> in Washington, D.C., graduating with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">French literature</a> in 1951.<a href="#cite_note-FirstLadies-29">[27]</a> During the early years of her marriage to John F. Kennedy, she took continuing education classes in <a href="/wiki/American_history" class="mw-redirect" title="American history">American history</a> at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-FirstLadies-29">[27]</a> While attending George Washington, Jacqueline Bouvier won a twelve-month junior editorship at <a href="/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)" title="Vogue (magazine)">Vogue</a> magazine; she had been selected over several hundred other women nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-prixdeparis-42">[40]</a> The position entailed working for six months in the magazine's New York City office and spending the remaining six months in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-prixdeparis-42">[40]</a> Before beginning the job, she celebrated her college graduation and her sister Lee's high school graduation by traveling with her to Europe for the summer.<a href="#cite_note-prixdeparis-42">[40]</a> The trip was the subject of her only autobiography, One Special Summer, co-authored with Lee; it is also the only one of her published works to feature Jacqueline Bouvier's drawings.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> On her first day at Vogue, the managing editor advised her to quit and go back to Washington. According to biographer <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Leaming" title="Barbara Leaming">Barbara Leaming</a>, the editor was concerned about Bouvier's marriage prospects; she was 22 years of age and was considered too old to be single in her social circles. She followed the advice, left the job and returned to Washington after only one day of work.<a href="#cite_note-prixdeparis-42">[40]</a> Bouvier moved back to Merrywood and was referred by a family friend to the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Times-Herald" title="Washington Times-Herald">Washington Times-Herald</a>, where editor Frank Waldrop hired her as a part-time receptionist.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> A week later she requested more challenging work, and Waldrop sent her to city editor Sidney Epstein, who hired her as an "Inquiring Camera Girl" despite her inexperience, paying her $25 a week.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> He recalled, "I remember her as this very attractive, cute-as-hell girl, and all the guys in the newsroom giving her a good look."<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> The position required her to pose witty questions to individuals chosen at random on the street and take their pictures for publication in the newspaper alongside selected quotations from their responses.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobituary-16">[14]</a> In addition to the random "<a href="/wiki/Man_on_the_street" class="mw-redirect" title="Man on the street">man on the street</a>" vignettes, she sometimes sought interviews with people of interest, such as six-year-old <a href="/wiki/Tricia_Nixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricia Nixon">Tricia Nixon</a>. Bouvier interviewed Tricia a few days after her father <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> was elected to the vice presidency in the <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> During this time, Bouvier was briefly engaged to a young stockbroker named John Husted. After only a month of dating, the couple published the announcement in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> in January 1952.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> After three months, she called off the engagement because she had found him "immature and boring" once she got to know him better.<a href="#cite_note-Spoto89-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_to_John_F._Kennedy">Marriage to John F. Kennedy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marriage to John F. Kennedy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Jacqueline_Bouvier" title="Wedding dress of Jacqueline Bouvier">Wedding dress of Jacqueline Bouvier</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toni_Frissell,_John_F._Kennedy_and_Jacqueline_Bouvier_on_their_wedding_day,_1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Toni_Frissell%2C_John_F._Kennedy_and_Jacqueline_Bouvier_on_their_wedding_day%2C_1953.jpg/220px-Toni_Frissell%2C_John_F._Kennedy_and_Jacqueline_Bouvier_on_their_wedding_day%2C_1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Toni_Frissell%2C_John_F._Kennedy_and_Jacqueline_Bouvier_on_their_wedding_day%2C_1953.jpg/330px-Toni_Frissell%2C_John_F._Kennedy_and_Jacqueline_Bouvier_on_their_wedding_day%2C_1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Toni_Frissell%2C_John_F._Kennedy_and_Jacqueline_Bouvier_on_their_wedding_day%2C_1953.jpg/440px-Toni_Frissell%2C_John_F._Kennedy_and_Jacqueline_Bouvier_on_their_wedding_day%2C_1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4297" data-file-height="4423" /></a><figcaption>Senator John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy on their wedding day, September 12, 1953</figcaption></figure> Jacqueline and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">U.S. Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> met at a dinner party hosted by journalist <a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Bartlett_(journalist)" title="Charles L. Bartlett (journalist)">Charles L. Bartlett</a> in May 1952.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobituary-16">[14]</a> She was attracted to Kennedy's physical appearance, wit and wealth. The pair also shared the similarities of Catholicism, writing, enjoying reading and having previously lived abroad.<a href="#cite_note-O-51">[49]</a> Kennedy was busy running for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts,_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1952">U.S. Senate seat in Massachusetts</a>; the relationship grew more serious and he proposed to her after the November election. Bouvier took some time to accept, because she had been assigned to cover the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II">coronation of Queen Elizabeth II</a> in London for The Washington Times-Herald.<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrary-24">[22]</a> After a month in Europe, she returned to the United States and accepted Kennedy's marriage proposal. She then resigned from her position at the newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> Their engagement was officially announced on June 25, 1953. She was 24 and he was 36.<a href="#cite_note-NYTEngagement-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> Bouvier and Kennedy married on September 12, 1953, at <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church_Complex_(Newport,_Rhode_Island)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Church Complex (Newport, Rhode Island)">St. Mary's Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>, in a <a href="/wiki/Mass_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass (Catholic Church)">Mass</a> celebrated by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Boston" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston">Boston's Archbishop</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cushing" title="Richard Cushing">Richard Cushing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> The wedding was considered the social event of the season with an estimated 700 guests at the ceremony and 1,200 at the reception that followed at <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Farm" title="Hammersmith Farm">Hammersmith Farm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Jacqueline_Bouvier" title="Wedding dress of Jacqueline Bouvier">wedding dress</a> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Lowe" title="Ann Lowe">Ann Lowe</a> of New York City, and is now housed in the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Presidential_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Presidential Library">Kennedy Presidential Library</a> in Boston. The dresses of her attendants were also created by Lowe, who was not credited by Jacqueline Kennedy.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_F._Kennedy_after_spinal_surgery_cph.3c33052.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/John_F._Kennedy_after_spinal_surgery_cph.3c33052.jpg/170px-John_F._Kennedy_after_spinal_surgery_cph.3c33052.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/John_F._Kennedy_after_spinal_surgery_cph.3c33052.jpg/255px-John_F._Kennedy_after_spinal_surgery_cph.3c33052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/John_F._Kennedy_after_spinal_surgery_cph.3c33052.jpg/340px-John_F._Kennedy_after_spinal_surgery_cph.3c33052.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2778" data-file-height="3528" /></a><figcaption>The Kennedys after John's spinal surgery, December 1954</figcaption></figure> The newlyweds honeymooned in <a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a>, Mexico, before settling in their new home, <a href="/wiki/Hickory_Hill_(McLean,_Virginia)" title="Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia)">Hickory Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/McLean,_Virginia" title="McLean, Virginia">McLean, Virginia</a>, a suburb of Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> Kennedy developed a warm relationship with her parents-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Kennedy">Joseph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rose_Kennedy" title="Rose Kennedy">Rose Kennedy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OBrien295-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mrs.Kennedy31-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> In the early years of their marriage, the couple faced several personal setbacks. John Kennedy suffered from <a href="/wiki/Addison%27s_disease" title="Addison's disease">Addison's disease</a> and from chronic and at times debilitating back pain, which had been exacerbated by a war injury; in late 1954, he underwent a near-fatal spinal operation.<a href="#cite_note-Dallek-62">[60]</a> Additionally, Jacqueline Kennedy suffered a <a href="/wiki/Miscarriage" title="Miscarriage">miscarriage</a> in 1955 and in August 1956 gave birth to a stillborn daughter, Arabella.<a href="#cite_note-Reference1A-63">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> They subsequently sold their Hickory Hill estate to Kennedy's brother <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert</a>, who occupied it with his wife <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Kennedy" title="Ethel Kennedy">Ethel</a> and their growing family, and bought a townhouse on N Street in <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)">Georgetown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pottker7-9">[8]</a> The Kennedys also resided at an apartment at 122 <a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_Street" title="Bowdoin Street">Bowdoin Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, their permanent <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> residence during John's congressional career.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> Kennedy gave birth to daughter <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline</a> on November 27, 1957.<a href="#cite_note-Reference1A-63">[61]</a> At the time, she and her husband were campaigning across Massachusetts for his <a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1958 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">re-election to the Senate</a>, and they posed with their infant daughter for the cover of the April 21, 1958, issue of <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[c]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] They traveled together during the campaign as part of their efforts to reduce the physical separation that had characterized the first five years of their marriage. Soon enough, John Kennedy started to notice the value his wife added to his congressional campaign. <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_O%27Donnell" title="Kenneth O'Donnell">Kenneth O'Donnell</a> remembered "the size of the crowd was twice as big" when she accompanied her husband; he also recalled her as "always cheerful and obliging". John's mother Rose, however, observed that Jacqueline was not "a natural-born campaigner" due to her shyness and was uncomfortable with too much attention.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> In November 1958, John was reelected to a second term. He credited Jacqueline's visibility in the ads and stumping as vital assets in securing his victory and called her "simply invaluable".<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> In July 1959, historian <a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a> visited the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Compound" title="Kennedy Compound">Kennedy Compound</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hyannis_Port,_Massachusetts" title="Hyannis Port, Massachusetts">Hyannis Port, Massachusetts</a> and had his first conversation with Jacqueline Kennedy; he found her to have "tremendous awareness, an all-seeing eye and a ruthless judgment".<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> That year, John Kennedy traveled to 14 states, but Jacqueline took long breaks from the trips to spend time with their daughter, Caroline. She also counseled her husband on improving his wardrobe in preparation for the presidential campaign planned for the following year.<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> In particular, she traveled to <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> to visit Edmund Reggie and to help her husband garner support in the state for his presidential bid.<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1961–1963)">First Lady of the United States (1961–1963)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First Lady of the United States (1961–1963)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_for_presidency">Campaign for presidency</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Campaign for presidency">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KennedysElectionDayBoston.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/KennedysElectionDayBoston.png/220px-KennedysElectionDayBoston.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/KennedysElectionDayBoston.png/330px-KennedysElectionDayBoston.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/KennedysElectionDayBoston.png/440px-KennedysElectionDayBoston.png 2x" data-file-width="1045" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy and her husband voting at the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Library" title="Boston Public Library">Boston Public Library</a> on Election Day, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> November 8, 1960</figcaption></figure> On January 2, 1960, John F. Kennedy, then a U.S. senator from Massachusetts, announced his candidacy for the presidency at the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Senate_Office_Building" title="Russell Senate Office Building">Russell Senate Office Building</a>, and launched his campaign nationwide. In the early months of the election year, Jacqueline Kennedy accompanied her husband to campaign events such as whistle-stops and dinners.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> Shortly after the campaign began, she became pregnant. Due to her previous high-risk pregnancies, she decided to stay at home in Georgetown.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> Jacqueline subsequently participated in the campaign by writing a weekly syndicated newspaper column, "Campaign Wife", answering correspondence, and giving interviews to the media.<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrary-24">[22]</a> Despite her non-participation in the campaign, Kennedy became the subject of intense media attention with her fashion choices.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> On one hand, she was admired for her personal style; she was frequently featured in women's magazines alongside film stars and named as one of the 12 best-dressed women in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Beasleyfashion-80">[77]</a> On the other hand, her preference for French designers and her spending on her wardrobe brought her negative press.<a href="#cite_note-Beasleyfashion-80">[77]</a> In order to downplay her wealthy background, Kennedy stressed the amount of work she was doing for the campaign and declined to publicly discuss her clothing choices.<a href="#cite_note-Beasleyfashion-80">[77]</a> On July 13, at the <a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960 Democratic National Convention</a> in Los Angeles, the party nominated John F. Kennedy for president. Jacqueline did not attend the nomination due to her pregnancy, which had been publicly announced ten days earlier.<a href="#cite_note-Spoto155-81">[78]</a> She was in Hyannis Port when she watched the September 26, 1960 <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1960 United States presidential debates">debate</a>—which was the nation's first televised presidential debate—between her husband and Republican candidate <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, who was the incumbent vice president. Marian Cannon, the wife of Arthur Schlesinger, watched the debate with her. Days after the debates, Jacqueline Kennedy contacted Schlesinger and informed him that John wanted his aid along with that of <a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a> in preparing for the third debate on October 13; she wished for them to give her husband new ideas and speeches.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] On September 29, 1960, the Kennedys appeared together for a joint interview on <a href="/wiki/Person_to_Person" title="Person to Person">Person to Person</a>, interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Collingwood_(journalist)" title="Charles Collingwood (journalist)">Charles Collingwood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Spoto155-81">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_first_lady">As first lady</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: As first lady">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JBKJFKMalraux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/JBKJFKMalraux.jpg/170px-JBKJFKMalraux.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/JBKJFKMalraux.jpg/255px-JBKJFKMalraux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/JBKJFKMalraux.jpg/340px-JBKJFKMalraux.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption>Jacqueline and John F. Kennedy, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André</a> and Marie-Madeleine Malraux, <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a> prior to a dinner, May 1962. Jacqueline Kennedy is wearing a gown designed by <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Cassini" title="Oleg Cassini">Oleg Cassini</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_Dinner_in_honor_of_President_of_Tunisia._President_Habib_Bourguiba,_Mrs._Bourguiba,_Mrs._Kennedy..._-_NARA_-_194199.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/White_House_Dinner_in_honor_of_President_of_Tunisia._President_Habib_Bourguiba%2C_Mrs._Bourguiba%2C_Mrs._Kennedy..._-_NARA_-_194199.jpg/170px-White_House_Dinner_in_honor_of_President_of_Tunisia._President_Habib_Bourguiba%2C_Mrs._Bourguiba%2C_Mrs._Kennedy..._-_NARA_-_194199.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/White_House_Dinner_in_honor_of_President_of_Tunisia._President_Habib_Bourguiba%2C_Mrs._Bourguiba%2C_Mrs._Kennedy..._-_NARA_-_194199.jpg/255px-White_House_Dinner_in_honor_of_President_of_Tunisia._President_Habib_Bourguiba%2C_Mrs._Bourguiba%2C_Mrs._Kennedy..._-_NARA_-_194199.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/White_House_Dinner_in_honor_of_President_of_Tunisia._President_Habib_Bourguiba%2C_Mrs._Bourguiba%2C_Mrs._Kennedy..._-_NARA_-_194199.jpg/340px-White_House_Dinner_in_honor_of_President_of_Tunisia._President_Habib_Bourguiba%2C_Mrs._Bourguiba%2C_Mrs._Kennedy..._-_NARA_-_194199.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2398" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>With Tunisian President <a href="/wiki/Habib_Bourguiba" title="Habib Bourguiba">Habib Bourguiba</a></figcaption></figure> On November 8, 1960, John F. Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican opponent <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">U.S. presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrary-24">[22]</a> A little over two weeks later on November 25, Jacqueline Kennedy gave birth to the couple's first son, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="John F. Kennedy Jr.">John F. Kennedy Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-jfklibrary-24">[22]</a> She spent two weeks recuperating in the hospital, during which the most minute details of both her and her son's conditions were reported by the media in what has been considered the first instance of national interest in the Kennedy family.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> Kennedy's husband was sworn in as president on January 20, 1961. At 31, Kennedy was the third youngest woman to serve as first lady, as well as the first <a href="/wiki/Silent_Generation" title="Silent Generation">Silent Generation</a> first lady.<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrary-24">[22]</a> She insisted they also kept a family home away from the public eye and rented Glen Ora at <a href="/wiki/Middleburg,_Virginia" title="Middleburg, Virginia">Middleburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> As a presidential couple, the Kennedys differed from the Eisenhowers by their political affiliation, youth, and their relationship with the media. Historian <a href="/wiki/Gil_Troy" title="Gil Troy">Gil Troy</a> has noted that in particular, they "emphasized vague appearances rather than specific accomplishments or passionate commitments" and therefore fit in well in the early 1960s' "cool, TV-oriented culture".<a href="#cite_note-Beasley,_p._76-86">[83]</a> The discussion about Kennedy's fashion choices continued during her years in the White House, and she became a trendsetter, hiring American designer <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Cassini" title="Oleg Cassini">Oleg Cassini</a> to design her wardrobe.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> She was the first presidential wife to hire a <a href="/wiki/Press_secretary" title="Press secretary">press secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Turnure" title="Pamela Turnure">Pamela Turnure</a>, and carefully managed her contact with the media, usually shying away from making public statements, and strictly controlling the extent to which her children were photographed.<a href="#cite_note-firstladies1-88">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-bimage-89">[86]</a> The media portrayed Kennedy as the ideal woman, which led academic Maurine Beasley to observe that she "created an unrealistic media expectation for first ladies that would challenge her successors".<a href="#cite_note-bimage-89">[86]</a> Nevertheless, she attracted worldwide positive public attention and gained allies for the White House and international support for the Kennedy administration and its <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> policies.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> Although Kennedy stated that her priority as a first lady was to take care of the President and their children, she also dedicated her time to the promotion of American arts and preservation of its history.<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrarytwo-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-miller-92">[89]</a> The restoration of the White House was her main contribution, but she also furthered the cause by hosting social events that brought together elite figures from politics and the arts.<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrarytwo-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-miller-92">[89]</a> One of her unrealized goals was to found a Department of the Arts, but she did contribute to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a>, established during Johnson's tenure.<a href="#cite_note-miller-92">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="White_House_restoration">White House restoration</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: White House restoration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Collingwood_murrow27s_boys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Charles_Collingwood_murrow27s_boys.jpg/220px-Charles_Collingwood_murrow27s_boys.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Charles_Collingwood_murrow27s_boys.jpg/330px-Charles_Collingwood_murrow27s_boys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Charles_Collingwood_murrow27s_boys.jpg/440px-Charles_Collingwood_murrow27s_boys.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="989" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Collingwood_(journalist)" title="Charles Collingwood (journalist)">Charles Collingwood</a> of <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a> during <a href="/wiki/A_Tour_of_the_White_House_with_Mrs._John_F._Kennedy" title="A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy">their televised tour</a> of the restored <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in 1962</figcaption></figure> Kennedy had visited the White House on two occasions before she became first lady: the first time as a grade-school tourist in 1941 and again as the guest of outgoing First Lady <a href="/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" title="Mamie Eisenhower">Mamie Eisenhower</a> shortly before her husband's inauguration.<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrarytwo-91">[88]</a> She was dismayed to find that the mansion's rooms were furnished with undistinguished pieces that displayed little historical significance<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrarytwo-91">[88]</a> and made it her first major project as first lady to restore its historical character. On her first day in residence, she began her efforts with the help of interior decorator <a href="/wiki/Sister_Parish" title="Sister Parish">Sister Parish</a>. She decided to make the family quarters attractive and suitable for family life by adding a kitchen on the family floor and new rooms for her children. The $50,000 that had been appropriated for this effort was almost immediately exhausted. Continuing the project, she established a fine arts committee to oversee and fund the restoration process and solicited the advice of early American furniture expert <a href="/wiki/Henry_Francis_du_Pont" title="Henry Francis du Pont">Henry du Pont</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrarytwo-91">[88]</a> To solve the funding problem, a White House guidebook was published, sales of which were used for the restoration.<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrarytwo-91">[88]</a> Working with <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Lambert_Mellon" title="Rachel Lambert Mellon">Rachel Lambert Mellon</a>, Jacqueline Kennedy also oversaw the redesign and replanting of the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden" title="White House Rose Garden">Rose Garden</a> and the East Garden, which was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Garden" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Garden">Jacqueline Kennedy Garden</a> after her husband's assassination. In addition, Kennedy helped to stop the destruction of historic homes in <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Park" title="President's Park">Lafayette Square</a> in Washington, D.C., because she felt these buildings were an important part of the nation's capital and played an essential role in its history. She helped to stop the destruction of historic buildings along the square, including the Renwick Building, now part of the Smithsonian Institution, and her support of historic preservation also reached beyond the United States as she brought international attention to the thirteenth-century B.C. temples of Abu Simbel that were in danger of being flooded by Egypt's Aswan Dam.<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrarytwo-91">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1962_White_House_Christmas_Tree_-_John_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/1962_White_House_Christmas_Tree_-_John_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_1.jpg/220px-1962_White_House_Christmas_Tree_-_John_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/1962_White_House_Christmas_Tree_-_John_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_1.jpg/330px-1962_White_House_Christmas_Tree_-_John_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/1962_White_House_Christmas_Tree_-_John_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_1.jpg/440px-1962_White_House_Christmas_Tree_-_John_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>John and Jacqueline Kennedy at Christmas 1961</figcaption></figure> Prior to Kennedy's years as first lady, presidents and their families had taken furnishings and other items from the White House when they departed; this led to the lack of original historical pieces in the mansion. She personally wrote to possible donors in order to track down these missing furnishings and other historical pieces of interest.<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> Jacqueline Kennedy initiated a Congressional bill establishing that White House furnishings would be the property of the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> rather than available to departing ex-presidents to claim as their own. She also founded the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Historical_Association" title="White House Historical Association">White House Historical Association</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Preservation_of_the_White_House" title="Committee for the Preservation of the White House">Committee for the Preservation of the White House</a>, the position of a permanent <a href="/wiki/Curator_of_the_White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Curator of the White House">Curator of the White House</a>, the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Endowment_Trust" title="White House Endowment Trust">White House Endowment Trust</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Acquisition_Trust" title="White House Acquisition Trust">White House Acquisition Trust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DesigningCamelot-94">[91]</a> She was the first presidential spouse to hire a White House curator.<a href="#cite_note-firstladies1-88">[85]</a> On February 14, 1962, Jacqueline Kennedy, accompanied by Charles Collingwood of <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>, took American television viewers <a href="/wiki/A_Tour_of_the_White_House_with_Mrs._John_F._Kennedy" title="A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy">on a tour of the White House</a>. In the tour, she stated, "I feel so strongly that the White House should have as fine a collection of American pictures as possible. It's so important ... the setting in which the presidency is presented to the world, to foreign visitors. The American people should be proud of it. We have such a great civilization. So many foreigners don't realize it. I think this house should be the place we see them best."<a href="#cite_note-DesigningCamelot-94">[91]</a> The film was watched by 56 million television viewers in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-jfklibrarytwo-91">[88]</a> and was later distributed to 106 countries. Kennedy won a special <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Television_Arts_%26_Sciences" title="Academy of Television Arts & Sciences">Academy of Television Arts & Sciences</a> Trustees Award for it at the <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Awards" title="Emmy Awards">Emmy Awards</a> in 1962, which was accepted on her behalf by <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a>. Kennedy was the only first lady to win an Emmy.<a href="#cite_note-firstladies1-88">[85]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_trips">Foreign trips</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Foreign trips">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_Vijay_Chowk,_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_Vijay_Chowk%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/220px-Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_Vijay_Chowk%2C_New_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_Vijay_Chowk%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/330px-Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_Vijay_Chowk%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_Vijay_Chowk%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/440px-Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_Vijay_Chowk%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Jacqueline Kennedy at <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Chowk" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijay Chowk">Vijay Chowk</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> in March 1962</figcaption></figure> Jackie Kennedy was a cultural ambassador of the United States known for her cultural and diplomatic work globally and would travel sometimes without President Kennedy to different countries to promote cultural exchange and diplomatic relations. She was highly regarded by foreign dignitaries, as she used her fluency in foreign languages such as French, Spanish, and Italian, as well as her cultural knowledge, to establish strong relationships with foreign leaders and to give speeches. She was awarded the French Legion of Honor, the highest civilian award given by the French government, becoming the initial First Lady and first American woman to be such a recipient. Her role as a cultural ambassador had a significant impact on cultural diplomacy and helped strengthen ties between the United States and other countries. Jacqueline's language skills and cultural knowledge were highly respected by the French people, and her visit to France with President Kennedy in 1961 was seen as a great success. During the visit, she made a speech in French at the American University in Paris, which was widely praised for its eloquence. In her speech, Jacqueline Kennedy spoke about the importance of cultural exchange between France and the United States, and she emphasized the shared values and history of the two nations. Throughout her husband's presidency and more than any of the preceding first ladies, Kennedy made many official visits to other countries, on her own or with the President.<a href="#cite_note-FirstLadies-29">[27]</a> Despite the initial worry that she might not have "political appeal", she proved popular among international dignitaries.<a href="#cite_note-Beasley,_p._76-86">[83]</a> Before the Kennedys' first official visit to France in 1961, a television special was shot in French with the First Lady on the White House lawn. After arriving in the country, she impressed the public with her ability to speak French, as well as her extensive knowledge of French history.<a href="#cite_note-Goodman-95">[92]</a> At the conclusion of the visit, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine seemed delighted with the First Lady and noted, "There was also that fellow who came with her." Even President Kennedy joked: "I am the man who accompanied Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris – and I have enjoyed it!"<a href="#cite_note-Time060961-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> From France, the Kennedys traveled to Vienna, Austria, where <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Soviet Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> was asked to shake the President's hand for a photo. He replied, "I'd like to shake her hand first."<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> Khrushchev later sent her a puppy, <a href="/wiki/Pushinka" title="Pushinka">Pushinka</a>; the animal was significant for being the offspring of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_dogs" title="Soviet space dogs">Strelka</a>, the dog that had gone to space during a Soviet space mission.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_the_Taj_Mahal,_15_March_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_the_Taj_Mahal%2C_15_March_1962.jpg/220px-Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_the_Taj_Mahal%2C_15_March_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_the_Taj_Mahal%2C_15_March_1962.jpg/330px-Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_the_Taj_Mahal%2C_15_March_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_the_Taj_Mahal%2C_15_March_1962.jpg/440px-Jacqueline_Kennedy_at_the_Taj_Mahal%2C_15_March_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy at the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, March 1962</figcaption></figure> At the urging of U.S. Ambassador to India <a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a>, Kennedy undertook a <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy%27s_1962_goodwill_tour_of_India_and_Pakistan" title="Jacqueline Kennedy's 1962 goodwill tour of India and Pakistan">tour of India and Pakistan</a> with her sister Lee Radziwill in 1962. The tour was amply documented in photojournalism as well as in Galbraith's journals and memoirs. The president of Pakistan, <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(President_of_Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)">Ayub Khan</a>, had given her a horse named <a href="/wiki/Sardar_(horse)" title="Sardar (horse)">Sardar</a> as a gift. He had found out on his visit to the White House that he and the First Lady had a common interest in horses.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> Life magazine correspondent Anne Chamberlin wrote that Kennedy "conducted herself magnificently" although noting that her crowds were smaller than those that President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a> and Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> attracted when they had previously visited these countries.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> In addition to these well-publicized trips during the three years of the Kennedy administration, she traveled to countries including <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, Austria, Canada,<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, Mexico,<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FirstLadies-29">[27]</a> Unlike her husband, Kennedy was fluent in Spanish, which she used to address Latin American audiences.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Death_of_infant_son">Death of infant son</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death of infant son">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bouvier_Kennedy" title="Patrick Bouvier Kennedy">Patrick Bouvier Kennedy</a></div> In early 1963, Kennedy was again pregnant, which led her to curtail her official duties. She spent most of the summer at a home she and the President had rented on Squaw Island, which was near the Kennedy compound on <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod, Massachusetts</a>. On August 7 (five weeks ahead of her scheduled due date), she went into labor and gave birth to a boy, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bouvier_Kennedy" title="Patrick Bouvier Kennedy">Patrick Bouvier Kennedy</a>, via emergency Caesarean section at nearby <a href="/wiki/Otis_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Otis Air Force Base">Otis Air Force Base</a>. The infant's lungs were not fully developed, and he was transferred from Cape Cod to <a href="/wiki/Boston_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Boston Children's Hospital">Boston Children's Hospital</a>, where he died of <a href="/wiki/Hyaline_membrane_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaline membrane disease">hyaline membrane disease</a> two days after birth.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> Kennedy had remained at Otis Air Force Base to recuperate after the Caesarean delivery; her husband went to Boston to be with their infant son and was present when he died. On August 14, the President returned to Otis to take her home and gave an impromptu speech to thank nurses and airmen who had gathered in her suite. In appreciation, she presented hospital staff with framed and signed lithographs of the White House.<a href="#cite_note-VanityFair-107">[104]</a> The First Lady was deeply affected by Patrick's death<a href="#cite_note-Levingston2013-108">[105]</a> and proceeded to enter a state of <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Leaming120-109">[106]</a> However, the loss of their child had a positive impact on the marriage and brought the couple closer together in their shared grief.<a href="#cite_note-Levingston2013-108">[105]</a> Arthur Schlesinger wrote that while John Kennedy always "regarded Jackie with genuine affection and pride," their marriage "never seemed more solid than in the later months of 1963".<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] Jacqueline Kennedy's friend <a href="/wiki/Aristotle_Onassis" title="Aristotle Onassis">Aristotle Onassis</a> was aware of her depression and invited her to his yacht to recuperate. President Kennedy initially had reservations, but he relented because he believed that it would be "good for her". The trip was widely disapproved of within the Kennedy administration, by much of the general public, and in Congress. The First Lady returned to the United States on October 17, 1963. She would later say she regretted being away as long as she was but had been "melancholy after the death of my baby".<a href="#cite_note-Leaming120-109">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassination_and_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy">Assassination and funeral of John F. Kennedy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Assassination and funeral of John F. Kennedy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">State funeral of John F. Kennedy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_autopsy" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy autopsy">John F. Kennedy autopsy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_F._Kennedy_motorcade,_Dallas_crop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/John_F._Kennedy_motorcade%2C_Dallas_crop.png/220px-John_F._Kennedy_motorcade%2C_Dallas_crop.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/John_F._Kennedy_motorcade%2C_Dallas_crop.png/330px-John_F._Kennedy_motorcade%2C_Dallas_crop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/John_F._Kennedy_motorcade%2C_Dallas_crop.png/440px-John_F._Kennedy_motorcade%2C_Dallas_crop.png 2x" data-file-width="3641" data-file-height="2444" /></a><figcaption>The President and First Lady in the rear seat of the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_State_Car_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential State Car (United States)">presidential limousine</a> minutes before the assassination</figcaption></figure> On November 21, 1963, the First Lady and the President embarked on a political trip to Texas with several goals in mind; this was the first time that she had joined her husband on such a trip in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> After a breakfast on November 22, they took a very short flight on <a href="/wiki/VC-137C_SAM_26000" title="VC-137C SAM 26000">Air Force One</a> from Fort Worth's <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Joint_Reserve_Base_Fort_Worth" title="Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth">Carswell Air Force Base</a> to Dallas's <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Love_Field" title="Dallas Love Field">Love Field</a>, accompanied by Texas Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">John Connally</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Connally" title="Nellie Connally">Nellie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bugliosi-112">[109]</a> The First Lady was wearing a <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_pink_Chanel_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy pink Chanel suit">bright pink Chanel suit</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Pillbox_hat" title="Pillbox hat">pillbox hat</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Craughwell-Varda1999-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FordMitchell2004-113">[110]</a> which had been personally selected by President Kennedy.<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> A 9.5-mile (15.3 km) <a href="/wiki/Motorcade" title="Motorcade">motorcade</a> was to take them to the <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Market_Center" title="Dallas Market Center">Trade Mart</a>, where the president was scheduled to speak at a lunch. The First Lady was seated to her husband's left in the third row of seats in the <a href="/wiki/SS-100-X" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-100-X">presidential limousine</a>, with the Governor and his wife seated in front of them. Vice President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> and his wife followed in another car in the motorcade.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After the motorcade turned the corner onto Elm Street in <a href="/wiki/Dealey_Plaza" title="Dealey Plaza">Dealey Plaza</a>, the First Lady heard what she thought to be a motorcycle <a href="/wiki/Back-fire" title="Back-fire">backfiring</a>. She did not realize that it was a gunshot until she heard Governor Connally scream. Within 8.4 seconds, two more shots had rung out, and one of the shots struck her husband in the head. Almost immediately, she began to climb onto the back of the limousine; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a> agent <a href="/wiki/Clint_Hill_(Secret_Service)" title="Clint Hill (Secret Service)">Clint Hill</a> later told the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a> that he thought she had been reaching across the trunk for something coming off the right rear bumper of the car.<a href="#cite_note-cjhill-115">[112]</a> Hill ran to the car and leapt onto it, directing her back to her seat. As Hill stood on the back bumper, <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> photographer <a href="/wiki/Ike_Altgens" title="Ike Altgens">Ike Altgens</a> snapped a photograph that was featured on the front pages of newspapers around the world.<a href="#cite_note-PotP-116">[113]</a> She would later testify that she saw pictures "of me climbing out the back. But I don't remember that at all".<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office,_November_1963.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg/220px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg/330px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg/440px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7750" data-file-height="6132" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy, still wearing her blood-stained <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_pink_Chanel_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy pink Chanel suit">pink Chanel suit</a>, stands alongside <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> as he takes the presidential oath of office administered by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_T._Hughes" title="Sarah T. Hughes">Sarah Hughes</a> aboard <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a>.</figcaption></figure> The President was rushed for the 3.8-mile (6.1 km) trip to <a href="/wiki/Parkland_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkland Hospital">Parkland Hospital</a>. At the First Lady's request, she was allowed to be present in the operating room.<a href="#cite_note-Manchester-118">[115]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] President Kennedy never regained consciousness. He died not long after, aged 46. After her husband was pronounced dead, Kennedy refused to remove her blood-stained clothing and reportedly regretted having washed the blood off her face and hands, explaining to Lady Bird Johnson that she wanted "them to see what they have done to Jack".<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> She continued to wear the blood-stained pink suit as she boarded Air Force One and stood next to Johnson when he took the oath of office as president. The unlaundered suit became a symbol of her husband's assassination, and was donated to the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a> in 1964. Under the terms of an agreement with her daughter, Caroline, the suit will not be placed on public display before 2103.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smart_Pink_Suit,_Preserved_in_Memory-121">[118]</a> Johnson's biographer Robert Caro wrote that Johnson wanted Jacqueline Kennedy to be present at his swearing-in in order to demonstrate the legitimacy of his presidency to JFK loyalists and to the world at large.<a href="#cite_note-caro-122">[119]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JFK%27s_family_leaves_Capitol_after_his_funeral,_1963.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/JFK%27s_family_leaves_Capitol_after_his_funeral%2C_1963.jpg/220px-JFK%27s_family_leaves_Capitol_after_his_funeral%2C_1963.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/JFK%27s_family_leaves_Capitol_after_his_funeral%2C_1963.jpg/330px-JFK%27s_family_leaves_Capitol_after_his_funeral%2C_1963.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/JFK%27s_family_leaves_Capitol_after_his_funeral%2C_1963.jpg/440px-JFK%27s_family_leaves_Capitol_after_his_funeral%2C_1963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2954" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Family members depart the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a> after a lying-in-state service for the President, November 24, 1963.</figcaption></figure> Kennedy took an active role in planning <a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">her husband's state funeral</a>, modeling it after <a href="/wiki/Funeral_and_burial_of_Abraham_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral and burial of Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s service.<a href="#cite_note-Campbell-123">[120]</a> She requested a closed casket, overruling the wishes of her brother-in-law, Robert.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> The funeral service was held at the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Matthew_the_Apostle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle">Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle</a> in Washington D.C., with the burial taking place at nearby <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>. Kennedy led the procession on foot and lit the eternal flame—created at her request—at the gravesite. <a href="/wiki/Lady_Jeanne_Campbell" title="Lady Jeanne Campbell">Lady Jeanne Campbell</a> reported back to the London <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a>: "Jacqueline Kennedy has given the American people ... one thing they have always lacked: Majesty."<a href="#cite_note-Campbell-123">[120]</a> A week after the assassination,<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> new president Lyndon B. Johnson issued an <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a> that established the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a>—led by <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a>—to investigate the assassination. Ten months later, the Commission issued its report finding that <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> had acted alone when he assassinated President Kennedy.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> Privately, his widow cared little about the investigation, stating that even if they had the right suspect, it would not bring her husband back.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> Nevertheless, she gave a deposition to the Warren Commission.<a href="#cite_note-130">[d]</a> Following the assassination and the media coverage that had focused intensely on her during and after the burial, Kennedy stepped back from official public view, apart from a brief appearance in Washington to honor the Secret Service agent, <a href="/wiki/Clint_Hill_(Secret_Service)" title="Clint Hill (Secret Service)">Clint Hill</a>, who had climbed aboard the limousine in Dallas to try to shield her and the President. <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_following_the_assassination_(1963–1975)">Life following the assassination (1963–1975)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Life following the assassination (1963–1975)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mourning_period_and_later_public_appearances">Mourning period and later public appearances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mourning period and later public appearances">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:15em; ; color: #202122;background-color: #CCDDFF;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Don't let it be forgot, that once there was a spot, for one brief, shining moment that was known as Camelot. There'll be great presidents again ... but there will never be another Camelot.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a> </blockquote> <cite class="right-aligned" style="">—Kennedy describing the years of her husband's presidency for <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></cite> </div> On November 29, 1963—a week after her husband's assassination—Kennedy was interviewed in Hyannis Port by <a href="/wiki/Theodore_H._White" title="Theodore H. White">Theodore H. White</a> of <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a> In that session, she compared the Kennedy years in the White House to <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>'s mythical <a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a>, commenting that the President often played the title song of <a href="/wiki/Lerner_and_Loewe" title="Lerner and Loewe">Lerner and Loewe</a>'s musical recording before retreating to bed. She also quoted <a href="/wiki/Queen_Guinevere" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Guinevere">Queen Guinevere</a> from the musical, trying to express how the loss felt.<a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> The era of the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy administration">Kennedy administration</a> has subsequently been referred to as the "Camelot Era", although historians have later argued that the comparison is not appropriate, with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dallek" title="Robert Dallek">Robert Dallek</a> stating that Kennedy's "effort to lionize [her husband] must have provided a therapeutic shield against immobilizing grief."<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a> Kennedy and her children remained in the White House for two weeks following the assassination.<a href="#cite_note-nyt12071963-135">[131]</a> Wanting to "do something nice for Jackie", President Johnson offered an <a href="/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_France" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ambassador to France">ambassadorship to France</a> to her, aware of her heritage and fondness for the country's culture, but she turned the offer down, as well as follow-up offers of ambassadorships to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ambassador to Mexico">Mexico</a> and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain">United Kingdom</a>. At her request, Johnson renamed the <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> space center the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy Space Center">John F. Kennedy Space Center</a> a week after the assassination. Kennedy later publicly praised Johnson for his kindness to her.<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> Kennedy spent 1964 in mourning and made few public appearances. In the winter following the assassination, she and the children stayed at <a href="/wiki/Averell_Harriman" class="mw-redirect" title="Averell Harriman">Averell Harriman</a>'s home in Georgetown. On January 14, 1964, Kennedy made a televised appearance from the office of the Attorney General, thanking the public for the "hundreds of thousands of messages" she had received since the assassination, and said she had been sustained by America's affection for her late husband.<a href="#cite_note-Spoto239-137">[133]</a> She purchased a house for herself and her children in Georgetown but sold it later in 1964 and bought a 15th-floor penthouse apartment for $250,000 at <a href="/wiki/1040_Fifth_Avenue" title="1040 Fifth Avenue">1040 Fifth Avenue</a> in Manhattan in the hopes of having more privacy.<a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a> In the following years, Kennedy attended selected memorial dedications to her late husband.<a href="#cite_note-144">[e]</a> She also oversaw the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum</a>, which is the repository for official papers of the Kennedy Administration.<a href="#cite_note-145">[140]</a> Designed by architect <a href="/wiki/I.M._Pei" class="mw-redirect" title="I.M. Pei">I.M. Pei</a>, it is situated next to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts" title="University of Massachusetts">University of Massachusetts</a> campus in Boston.<a href="#cite_note-146">[141]</a> Despite having commissioned <a href="/wiki/William_Manchester" title="William Manchester">William Manchester</a>'s authorized account of President Kennedy's death, <a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_a_President" title="The Death of a President">The Death of a President</a>, Kennedy was subject to significant media attention in 1966–1967 when she and Robert Kennedy tried to block its publication.<a href="#cite_note-147">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a> They sued publishers <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a> in December 1966; the suit was settled the following year when Manchester removed passages that detailed President Kennedy's private life. White viewed the ordeal as validation of the measures the Kennedy family, Jacqueline in particular, were prepared to take to preserve John's public image.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] During the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in November 1967, Life magazine dubbed Kennedy "America's unofficial roving ambassador" when she and <a href="/wiki/David_Ormsby-Gore,_5th_Baron_Harlech" title="David Ormsby-Gore, 5th Baron Harlech">David Ormsby-Gore</a>, former British ambassador to the United States during the Kennedy administration, traveled to Cambodia, where they visited the religious complex of <a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a> with Chief of State <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alam32-151">[146]</a> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Milton_Osborne" title="Milton Osborne">Milton Osborne</a>, her visit was "the start of the repair to Cambodian-US relations, which had been at a very low ebb".<a href="#cite_note-152">[147]</a> She also attended the <a href="/wiki/Funeral_services_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral services of Martin Luther King Jr.">funeral services of Martin Luther King Jr.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>, in April 1968, despite her initial reluctance due to the crowds and reminders of President Kennedy's death.<a href="#cite_note-153">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_Robert_F._Kennedy">Relationship with Robert F. Kennedy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Relationship with Robert F. Kennedy">edit</a>]</div> After her husband's assassination, Jacqueline Kennedy relied heavily on her brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a>; she observed him to be the "least like his father" of the Kennedy brothers.<a href="#cite_note-154">[149]</a> He had been a source of support after she had suffered a miscarriage early in her marriage; it was he, not her husband, who stayed with her in the hospital.<a href="#cite_note-155">[150]</a> In the aftermath of the assassination, Robert became a surrogate father for her children until eventual demands by his own large family and his responsibilities as attorney general required him to reduce attention.<a href="#cite_note-Spoto239-137">[133]</a> He credited her with convincing him to stay in politics, and she supported his 1964 run for United States senator from New York.<a href="#cite_note-156">[151]</a> The January 1968 <a href="/wiki/Tet_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Tet offensive">Tet offensive</a> in Vietnam resulted in a drop in President Johnson's poll numbers, and Robert Kennedy's advisors urged him to enter the upcoming presidential race. When <a href="/wiki/Art_Buchwald" title="Art Buchwald">Art Buchwald</a> asked him if he intended to run, Robert replied, "That depends on what Jackie wants me to do".<a href="#cite_note-FlyntEisenbach-157">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[153]</a> She met with him around this time and encouraged him to run after she had previously advised him not to follow Jack, but to "be yourself". Privately, she worried about his safety; she believed that Bobby was more disliked than her husband had been and that there was "so much hatred" in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-159">[154]</a> She confided in him about these feelings, but by her own account, he was "fatalistic" like her.<a href="#cite_note-FlyntEisenbach-157">[152]</a> Despite her concerns, Jacqueline Kennedy campaigned for her brother-in-law and supported him,<a href="#cite_note-160">[155]</a> and at one point even showed outright optimism that through his victory, members of the Kennedy family would once again occupy the White House.<a href="#cite_note-FlyntEisenbach-157">[152]</a> Just after midnight <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">PDT</a> on June 5, 1968, an enraged Jordanian gunman named <a href="/wiki/Sirhan_Sirhan" title="Sirhan Sirhan">Sirhan Sirhan</a> <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy">mortally wounded</a> Robert Kennedy minutes after he and a crowd of his supporters had been celebrating his victory in the California Democratic presidential primary.<a href="#cite_note-NYTjune61968-161">[156]</a> Jacqueline Kennedy rushed to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> to join his wife Ethel, her brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted</a>, and the other Kennedy family members at his bedside in <a href="/wiki/Good_Samaritan_Hospital_(Los_Angeles)" title="Good Samaritan Hospital (Los Angeles)">Good Samaritan Hospital</a>. Robert Kennedy never regained consciousness and died the following day. He was 42 years old.<a href="#cite_note-NYTsirhan-162">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_to_Aristotle_Onassis">Marriage to Aristotle Onassis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Marriage to Aristotle Onassis">edit</a>]</div> After Robert Kennedy's death in 1968, Kennedy reportedly suffered a relapse of the depression she had suffered in the days following her husband's assassination nearly five years prior.<a href="#cite_note-163">[158]</a> She came to fear for her life and those of her two children, saying: "If they're killing Kennedys, then my children are targets ... I want to get out of this country."<a href="#cite_note-jfkjr-164">[159]</a> On October 20, 1968, Jacqueline Kennedy married her long-time friend <a href="/wiki/Aristotle_Onassis" title="Aristotle Onassis">Aristotle Onassis</a>, a Greek shipping magnate who was able to provide the privacy and security she sought for herself and her children.<a href="#cite_note-jfkjr-164">[159]</a> The wedding took place on <a href="/wiki/Skorpios" title="Skorpios">Skorpios</a>, Onassis's private Greek island in the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[160]</a> After marrying Onassis, she took the legal name Jacqueline Onassis and consequently lost her right to Secret Service protection, which is an entitlement of a widow of a U.S. president. The marriage brought her considerable adverse publicity. The fact that Aristotle was divorced and his former wife <a href="/wiki/Athina_Livanos" class="mw-redirect" title="Athina Livanos">Athina Livanos</a> was still living led to speculation that Jacqueline might be <a href="/wiki/Excommunicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunicated">excommunicated</a> by the Roman Catholic church, though that concern was explicitly dismissed by <a href="/wiki/Boston%27s_archbishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston's archbishop">Boston's archbishop</a>, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cushing" title="Richard Cushing">Richard Cushing</a>, as "nonsense".<a href="#cite_note-166">[161]</a> She was condemned by some as a "public sinner",<a href="#cite_note-167">[162]</a> and became the target of <a href="/wiki/Paparazzi" title="Paparazzi">paparazzi</a> who followed her everywhere and nicknamed her "Jackie O".<a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a> In 1968, billionaire heiress <a href="/wiki/Doris_Duke" title="Doris Duke">Doris Duke</a>, with whom Jacqueline Onassis was friends, appointed her as the vice president of the <a href="/wiki/Newport_Restoration_Foundation" title="Newport Restoration Foundation">Newport Restoration Foundation</a>. Onassis publicly championed the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-169">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-170">[165]</a> During their marriage, Jacqueline and Aristotle Onassis inhabited six different residences: her 15-room <a href="/wiki/1040_Fifth_Avenue" title="1040 Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue apartment</a> in Manhattan, her horse farm in <a href="/wiki/Peapack-Gladstone,_New_Jersey" title="Peapack-Gladstone, New Jersey">Peapack-Gladstone, New Jersey</a>,<a href="#cite_note-171">[166]</a> his Avenue Foch apartment in Paris, his private island <a href="/wiki/Skorpios" title="Skorpios">Skorpios</a>, his house in Athens, and his yacht <a href="/wiki/Christina_O" title="Christina O">Christina O</a>. Onassis ensured that her children continued a connection with the Kennedy family by having <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> visit them often.<a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a> She developed a close relationship with Ted, and from then on he was involved in her public appearances.<a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a> Aristotle Onassis's health deteriorated rapidly following the death of his son <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Onassis" title="Alexander Onassis">Alexander</a> in a plane crash in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a> He died of respiratory failure aged 69 in Paris on March 15, 1975. His financial legacy was severely limited under Greek law, which dictated how much a non-Greek surviving spouse could inherit. After two years of legal wrangling, Jacqueline Onassis eventually accepted a settlement of $26 million from <a href="/wiki/Christina_Onassis" title="Christina Onassis">Christina Onassis</a>—Aristotle's daughter and sole heir—and waived all other claims to the Onassis estate.<a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years_(1975–1990s)">Later years (1975–1990s)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Later years (1975–1990s)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg/220px-Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg/330px-Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg/440px-Reagans_with_Jackie_Kennedy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Onassis in 1985 with the president and first lady, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis.jpg/220px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis.jpg/330px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis.jpg/440px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_and_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="3217" /></a><figcaption>Onassis with <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> in 1993</figcaption></figure> After the death of her second husband, Onassis returned permanently to the United States, splitting her time between Manhattan, <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a>, and the Kennedy compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. In 1975, she became a consulting editor at <a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a>, a position that she held for two years.<a href="#cite_note-177">[f]</a> After almost a decade of avoiding participation in political events, Onassis attended the <a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976 Democratic National Convention</a> and stunned the assembled delegates when she appeared in the visitors' gallery.<a href="#cite_note-178">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[173]</a> She resigned from Viking Press in 1977 after <a href="/wiki/John_Leonard_(critic)" title="John Leonard (critic)">John Leonard</a> of The New York Times stated that she held some responsibility for Viking's publication of the <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Archer" title="Jeffrey Archer">Jeffrey Archer</a> novel <a href="/wiki/Shall_We_Tell_the_President%3F" title="Shall We Tell the President?">Shall We Tell the President?</a>, set in a fictional future presidency of Ted Kennedy and describing an assassination plot against him.<a href="#cite_note-carmody19771015-180">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[175]</a> Two years later, she appeared alongside her mother-in-law Rose Kennedy at <a href="/wiki/Faneuil_Hall" title="Faneuil Hall">Faneuil Hall</a> in Boston when Ted Kennedy announced that he was going to challenge incumbent president <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> for the Democratic nomination for president.<a href="#cite_note-182">[176]</a> She participated in the subsequent presidential campaign, which was unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-183">[177]</a> Following her resignation from Viking Press, Onassis was hired by <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>, where she worked as an associate editor under an old friend, <a href="/wiki/John_Turner_Sargent,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="John Turner Sargent, Sr.">John Turner Sargent, Sr.</a> Among the books she edited for the company are <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gonick" title="Larry Gonick">Larry Gonick</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Cartoon_History_of_the_Universe" title="The Cartoon History of the Universe">The Cartoon History of the Universe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-184">[178]</a> the English translation of the three volumes of <a href="/wiki/Naghib_Mahfuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Naghib Mahfuz">Naghib Mahfuz</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Trilogy" title="Cairo Trilogy">Cairo Trilogy</a> (with Martha Levin),<a href="#cite_note-185">[179]</a> and autobiographies of ballerina <a href="/wiki/Gelsey_Kirkland" title="Gelsey Kirkland">Gelsey Kirkland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-186">[180]</a> singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Carly_Simon" title="Carly Simon">Carly Simon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-187">[181]</a> and fashion icon <a href="/wiki/Diana_Vreeland" title="Diana Vreeland">Diana Vreeland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-186">[180]</a> She also encouraged <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_West" title="Dorothy West">Dorothy West</a>, her neighbor on Martha's Vineyard and one of the last surviving members of the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a>, to complete the novel The Wedding (1995), a multi-generational story about race, class, wealth, and power in the U.S. The book was later adapted as a miniseries in 1998, starring <a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Whitfield" title="Lynn Whitfield">Lynn Whitfield</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Harpo_Productions" title="Harpo Productions">Harpo Productions</a>. In addition to her work as an editor, Onassis participated in cultural and architectural preservation. In the 1970s, she led a historic preservation campaign to save <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a> from demolition and renovate the structure in Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-Adler-188">[182]</a> A plaque inside the terminal acknowledges her prominent role in its preservation. In the 1980s, she was a major figure in protests against a planned skyscraper at <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle">Columbus Circle</a> that would have cast large shadows on Central Park;<a href="#cite_note-Adler-188">[182]</a> the project was canceled. A later project proceeded despite protests: a large twin-towered skyscraper, the <a href="/wiki/Time_Warner_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Warner Center">Time Warner Center</a>, was completed in 2003. Her historic preservation efforts also include her influence in the campaign to save <a href="/wiki/Olana_State_Historic_Site" title="Olana State Historic Site">Olana</a>, the home of <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Edwin_Church" title="Frederic Edwin Church">Frederic Edwin Church</a> in upstate New York. She was awarded the Fine Arts Federation medal for her devotion to the cause of historic preservation in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-189">[183]</a> Onassis remained the subject of considerable press attention,<a href="#cite_note-190">[184]</a> especially from the paparazzi photographer <a href="/wiki/Ron_Galella" title="Ron Galella">Ron Galella</a>, who followed her around and photographed her as she went about her normal activities; he took candid photos of her without her permission.<a href="#cite_note-191">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[186]</a> She ultimately obtained a restraining order against him, and the situation brought attention to the problem of paparazzi photography.<a href="#cite_note-193">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[g]</a> From 1980 until her death, Onassis maintained a close relationship with <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Tempelsman" title="Maurice Tempelsman">Maurice Tempelsman</a>, a Belgian-born industrialist and diamond merchant who was her companion and personal financial adviser.<a href="#cite_note-197">[190]</a> In 1988, Onassis became a first-time grandmother when her daughter Caroline – married to designer <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Schlossberg" title="Edwin Schlossberg">Edwin Schlossberg</a> – gave birth to daughter <a href="/wiki/Rose_Schlossberg" title="Rose Schlossberg">Rose</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Andersen2-198">[191]</a> followed by <a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Schlossberg" title="Tatiana Schlossberg">Tatiana Celia</a> (b. 1990) and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Schlossberg" title="Jack Schlossberg">John Bouvier</a> (b. 1993).<a href="#cite_note-Andersen2-198">[191]</a> Caroline would later recall: "I have never seen her so happy as when she's around the kids."<a href="#cite_note-Andersen2-198">[191]</a> In the early 1990s, Onassis supported <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> and contributed money to his presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-LH135-199">[192]</a> Following the election, she met with First Lady <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> and advised her on raising a child in the White House.<a href="#cite_note-NewYorker10132003-200">[193]</a> In her memoir <a href="/wiki/Living_History_(book)" title="Living History (book)">Living History</a>, Clinton wrote that Onassis was "a source of inspiration and advice for me".<a href="#cite_note-LH135-199">[192]</a> Democratic consultant <a href="/wiki/Ann_Lewis" title="Ann Lewis">Ann Lewis</a> observed that Onassis had reached out to the Clintons "in a way she has not always acted toward leading Democrats in the past".<a href="#cite_note-SeattleTimes93-201">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illness,_death,_and_funeral">Illness, death, and funeral</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Illness, death, and funeral">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OnassisGrave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/OnassisGrave.jpg/220px-OnassisGrave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/OnassisGrave.jpg/330px-OnassisGrave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/OnassisGrave.jpg/440px-OnassisGrave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Onassis's grave at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a></figcaption></figure> In November 1993, Onassis was thrown from her horse while participating in a <a href="/wiki/Fox_hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox hunt">fox hunt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Middleburg,_Virginia" title="Middleburg, Virginia">Middleburg, Virginia</a>, and was taken to the hospital to be examined. A swollen <a href="/wiki/Lymph_node" title="Lymph node">lymph node</a> was discovered in her <a href="/wiki/Groin" title="Groin">groin</a>, which was initially diagnosed by the doctor to be caused by an infection.<a href="#cite_note-death-202">[195]</a> The fall from the horse contributed to her deteriorating health over the next six months.<a href="#cite_note-203">[196]</a> In December, Onassis developed new symptoms, including a stomach ache and swollen lymph nodes in her neck, and was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Non-Hodgkins_lymphoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hodgkins lymphoma">non-Hodgkins lymphoma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-death-202">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytdeath-204">[197]</a> She began <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> in January 1994 and publicly announced the diagnosis, stating that the initial prognosis was good.<a href="#cite_note-death-202">[195]</a> She continued to work at Doubleday, but by March the cancer had spread to her spinal cord, brain and liver and by May it was deemed terminal.<a href="#cite_note-death-202">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytdeath-204">[197]</a> Onassis made her last trip home from <a href="/wiki/New_York_Hospital%E2%80%93Cornell_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center">New York Hospital–Cornell Medical Center</a> on May 18, 1994.<a href="#cite_note-death-202">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytdeath-204">[197]</a> The following night at 10:15 p.m., she died in her sleep in her Manhattan apartment at age 64, with her children by her side.<a href="#cite_note-nytdeath-204">[197]</a> In the morning, her son, John F. Kennedy, Jr., announced his mother's death to the press stating that she had been "surrounded by her friends and her family and her books, and the people and the things that she loved". He added that "she did it in her very own way, and on her own terms, and we all feel lucky for that."<a href="#cite_note-205">[198]</a> On May 23, 1994, her funeral Mass was held a few blocks away from her apartment at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Ignatius_Loyola" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. Ignatius Loyola">Church of St. Ignatius Loyola</a>—the Catholic parish where she was baptized in 1929 and <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">confirmed</a> as a teenager—and asked for no cameras to film the event, for privacy.<a href="#cite_note-206">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[200]</a> She was interred at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, alongside President Kennedy, their son Patrick, and their stillborn daughter Arabella.<a href="#cite_note-NYTobituary-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-death-202">[195]</a> President Bill Clinton delivered a eulogy at her graveside service.<a href="#cite_note-nytburial-208">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[202]</a> She left an estate that its executors valued at <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>43.7 million (equivalent to $89.8 million in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-210">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popularity">Popularity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Popularity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacqueline_Lee_Bouvier_Kennedy.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Jacqueline_Lee_Bouvier_Kennedy.gif/170px-Jacqueline_Lee_Bouvier_Kennedy.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Jacqueline_Lee_Bouvier_Kennedy.gif/255px-Jacqueline_Lee_Bouvier_Kennedy.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Jacqueline_Lee_Bouvier_Kennedy.gif/340px-Jacqueline_Lee_Bouvier_Kennedy.gif 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1579" /></a><figcaption>Official portrait of Kennedy at the White House. Her <a href="/wiki/Pleated_linen" title="Pleated linen">pleated linen</a> dress was designed by Irish fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Sybil_Connolly" title="Sybil Connolly">Sybil Connolly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[204]</a></figcaption></figure> Jacqueline Kennedy's marriage to Aristotle Onassis caused her popularity to decline sharply among an American public who viewed it as a betrayal of the assassinated president.<a href="#cite_note-212">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[206]</a> Her lavish lifestyle as Onassis's "trophy wife",<a href="#cite_note-214">[207]</a> in contrast to "the shy, selfless, and sacrificing mother the American public had come to respect" as First Lady,<a href="#cite_note-215">[208]</a> led the press to portray her as "a spendthrift and a reckless woman".<a href="#cite_note-216">[209]</a> Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis took conscious control of her public image and, by the time of her death, succeeded in rehabilitating it.<a href="#cite_note-217">[210]</a> By moving back to New York City after Onassis's death, working as an editor for Viking Press and Doubleday, focusing on her children and grandchildren, and participating in charitable causes, she reversed her "reckless spendthrift" image.<a href="#cite_note-218">[211]</a> She also reestablished her relationship with the Kennedy family and supported the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Library_and_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Library and Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[212]</a> Onassis remains one of the most popular First Ladies. She was featured 27 times on the annual <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> list of the top 10 most admired people of the second half of the 20th century; this number is surpassed by only <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a> and Queen Elizabeth II and is higher than that of any U.S. president.<a href="#cite_note-NationalGeographic-220">[213]</a> Both <a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[214]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Joyner-Kersee" title="Jackie Joyner-Kersee">Jackie Joyner-Kersee</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[215]</a> have cited Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis as an influence. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style_icon">Style icon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Style icon">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_and_Mrs_Kennedy_deplane_from_Air_Force_One_(3083217259)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/President_and_Mrs_Kennedy_deplane_from_Air_Force_One_%283083217259%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-President_and_Mrs_Kennedy_deplane_from_Air_Force_One_%283083217259%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/President_and_Mrs_Kennedy_deplane_from_Air_Force_One_%283083217259%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-President_and_Mrs_Kennedy_deplane_from_Air_Force_One_%283083217259%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/President_and_Mrs_Kennedy_deplane_from_Air_Force_One_%283083217259%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-President_and_Mrs_Kennedy_deplane_from_Air_Force_One_%283083217259%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy wearing <a href="/wiki/Pink_Chanel_suit_of_Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy" title="Pink Chanel suit of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy">her pink Chanel suit</a></figcaption></figure> Jacqueline Kennedy became a global fashion icon during her husband's presidency. After the 1960 election, she commissioned French-born American fashion designer and Kennedy family friend <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Cassini" title="Oleg Cassini">Oleg Cassini</a> to create an original wardrobe for her appearances as First Lady. From 1961 to 1963, Cassini dressed her in many of her ensembles, including her Inauguration Day fawn coat and Inaugural gala gown, as well as many outfits for her visits to Europe, India, and Pakistan. In 1961, Kennedy spent $45,446 more on fashion than the $100,000 annual salary her husband earned as president.<a href="#cite_note-fashion-223">[216]</a> Kennedy preferred French <a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">couture</a>, particularly the work of <a href="/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Chanel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Balenciaga" title="Cristóbal Balenciaga">Balenciaga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hubert_de_Givenchy" title="Hubert de Givenchy">Givenchy</a>, but was aware that in her role as first lady, she would be expected to wear American designers' work.<a href="#cite_note-bowles-224">[217]</a> After noticing that her taste for Paris fashion was being criticized in the press, she wrote to the fashion editor <a href="/wiki/Diana_Vreeland" title="Diana Vreeland">Diana Vreeland</a> to ask for suitable American designers, particularly those who could reproduce the Paris look.<a href="#cite_note-bowles-224">[217]</a> After considering the letter, which expressed her dislike of prints and her preference for "terribly simple, covered-up clothes," Vreeland recommended <a href="/wiki/Norman_Norell" title="Norman Norell">Norman Norell</a>, who was considered America's first designer and known for his high-end simplicity and fine quality work. She also suggested <a href="/wiki/Ben_Zuckerman" title="Ben Zuckerman">Ben Zuckerman</a>, another highly regarded tailor who regularly offered re-interpretations of Paris couture, and the <a href="/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)" title="Sportswear (fashion)">sportswear</a> designer Stella Sloat, who occasionally offered Givenchy copies.<a href="#cite_note-bowles-224">[217]</a> Kennedy's first choice for her Inauguration Day coat was originally a purple wool Zuckerman model that was based on a <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cardin" title="Pierre Cardin">Pierre Cardin</a> design, but she instead settled on a fawn Cassini coat and wore the Zuckerman for a tour of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> with Mamie Eisenhower.<a href="#cite_note-bowles-224">[217]</a> In her role as first lady, Kennedy preferred to wear clean-cut suits with a skirt hem down to middle of the knee, three-quarter sleeves on notch-collar jackets, sleeveless <a href="/wiki/A-line_(clothing)" title="A-line (clothing)">A-line</a> dresses, <a href="/wiki/Evening_glove" title="Evening glove">above-the-elbow gloves</a>, low-heel pumps, and <a href="/wiki/Pillbox_hat" title="Pillbox hat">pillbox hats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fashion-223">[216]</a> Dubbed the "Jackie" look, these clothing items rapidly became fashion trends in the Western world. More than any other First Lady, her style was copied by commercial manufacturers and a large segment of young women.<a href="#cite_note-FirstLadies-29">[27]</a> Her influential <a href="/wiki/Bouffant" title="Bouffant">bouffant</a> hairstyle, described as a "grown-up exaggeration of little girls' hair," was created by <a href="/wiki/Mr._Kenneth" title="Mr. Kenneth">Mr. Kenneth</a>, who worked for her from 1954 until 1986.<a href="#cite_note-vf-225">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[219]</a> Her tastes in eyewear were also influential, the most famous of which were the bespoke pairs designed for her by French designer, François Pinton. The coinage 'Jackie O glasses' is still used today to refer to this style of oversized, oval-lensed sunglasses.<a href="#cite_note-227">[220]</a> After leaving the White House, Kennedy underwent a style change. Her new looks consisted of wide-leg <a href="/wiki/Pantsuit" title="Pantsuit">pantsuits</a>, silk <a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s" title="Hermès">Hermès</a> headscarves, and large, round, dark sunglasses.<a href="#cite_note-228">[221]</a> She began wearing <a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">jeans</a> in public as part of a casualization of her look.<a href="#cite_note-LIFE-229">[222]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacqueline_Kennedy_after_State_Dinner,_22_May_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jacqueline_Kennedy_after_State_Dinner%2C_22_May_1962.jpg/170px-Jacqueline_Kennedy_after_State_Dinner%2C_22_May_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jacqueline_Kennedy_after_State_Dinner%2C_22_May_1962.jpg/255px-Jacqueline_Kennedy_after_State_Dinner%2C_22_May_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jacqueline_Kennedy_after_State_Dinner%2C_22_May_1962.jpg/340px-Jacqueline_Kennedy_after_State_Dinner%2C_22_May_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="845" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy at a <a href="/wiki/State_dinner" class="mw-redirect" title="State dinner">State dinner</a> on May 22, 1962</figcaption></figure> Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis acquired a large collection of jewelry throughout her lifetime. Her triple-strand <a href="/wiki/Pearl#Pearls_in_jewelry" title="Pearl">pearl necklace</a>, designed by American jeweler <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Jay_Lane" title="Kenneth Jay Lane">Kenneth Jay Lane</a>, became her signature piece of jewelry during her time as first lady in the White House. Often referred to as the "berry brooch", the two-fruit cluster brooch of strawberries made of rubies with stems and leaves of diamonds, designed by French jeweler <a href="/wiki/Jean_Schlumberger_(jewelry_designer)" title="Jean Schlumberger (jewelry designer)">Jean Schlumberger</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co." title="Tiffany & Co.">Tiffany & Co.</a>, was personally selected and given to her by her husband several days prior to his inauguration in January 1961.<a href="#cite_note-230">[223]</a> She wore Schlumberger's gold and enamel bracelets so frequently in the early and mid-1960s that the press called them "Jackie bracelets"; she also favored his white enamel and gold "banana" earrings. Kennedy wore jewelry designed by <a href="/wiki/Van_Cleef_%26_Arpels" title="Van Cleef & Arpels">Van Cleef & Arpels</a> throughout the 1950s,<a href="#cite_note-jackiesjewelry.com-231">[224]</a> 1960s<a href="#cite_note-jackiesjewelry.com-231">[224]</a> and 1970s; her sentimental favorite was the Van Cleef & Arpels wedding ring given to her by President Kennedy. Kennedy, a Catholic, was known for wearing a <a href="/wiki/Mantilla" title="Mantilla">mantilla</a> at Mass and in the presence of the Pope.<a href="#cite_note-232">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore" title="Mary Tyler Moore">Mary Tyler Moore</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Dick_Van_Dyke_Show" title="The Dick Van Dyke Show">Dick Van Dyke Show</a> character Laura Petrie, who symbolized the "feel-good nature" of the Kennedy White House, often dressed like Kennedy.<a href="#cite_note-233">[226]</a> Kennedy was named to the <a href="/wiki/International_Best_Dressed_List" class="mw-redirect" title="International Best Dressed List">International Best Dressed List</a> Hall of Fame in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-234">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[228]</a> Many of her signature clothes are preserved at the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum; pieces from the collection were exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in New York in 2001. Titled "Jacqueline Kennedy: The White House Years", the exhibition focused on her time as a first lady.<a href="#cite_note-236">[229]</a> In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine included Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis on its All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons list.<a href="#cite_note-237">[230]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> included her on the list "10 Fashion Icons and the Trends They Made Famous".<a href="#cite_note-238">[231]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_assessments">Historical assessments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Historical assessments">edit</a>]</div> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine included her name on its list of 100 Women of the Year. She was named Woman of the Year 1962 for her efforts in uplifting the American history and art.<a href="#cite_note-239">[232]</a> Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis is seen as being customary in her role as first lady,<a href="#cite_note-240">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[234]</a> though Frank N. Magill argued that her life was validation that "fame and celebrity" changed the way that first ladies are evaluated historically.<a href="#cite_note-242">[235]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Bowles" title="Hamish Bowles">Hamish Bowles</a>, curator of the "Jacqueline Kennedy: The White House Years" exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, attributed her popularity to a sense of unknown that was felt in her withdrawal from the public which he dubbed "immensely appealing".<a href="#cite_note-243">[236]</a> After her death, Kelly Barber referred to Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis as "the most intriguing woman in the world", furthering that her stature was also due to her affiliation with valuable causes.<a href="#cite_note-244">[237]</a> Historian Carl Sferrazza Anthony summarized that the former first lady "became an aspirational figure of that era, one whose privilege might not be easily reached by a majority of Americans but which others could strive to emulate".<a href="#cite_note-NationalGeographic-220">[213]</a> Since the late 2000s, Onassis's traditional persona has been invoked by commentators when referring to fashionable political spouses.<a href="#cite_note-245">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[239]</a> A wide variety of commentators have positively credited the work of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis in restoring the White House, including <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Sidey" title="Hugh Sidey">Hugh Sidey</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NationalGeographic-220">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/Letitia_Baldrige" title="Letitia Baldrige">Letitia Baldrige</a>,<a href="#cite_note-248">[241]</a> <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a>,<a href="#cite_note-249">[242]</a> Kathleen P. Galop,<a href="#cite_note-250">[243]</a> and Carl Anthony.<a href="#cite_note-251">[244]</a> Since 1982 <a href="/wiki/Siena_College_Research_Institute" title="Siena College Research Institute">Siena College Research Institute</a> has periodically conducted surveys asking historians to assess American first ladies according to a cumulative score on the independent criteria of their background, value to the country, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courage" title="Courage">courage</a>, accomplishments, <a href="/wiki/Integrity" title="Integrity">integrity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leadership</a>, being their own women, public image, and value to the president. Consistently, Onassis has ranked among the three-eight highly regarded first ladies in these surveys.<a href="#cite_note-Siena2014-252">[245]</a> In terms of cumulative assessment, Onassis has been ranked: <ul><li>8th-best of 42 in 1982<a href="#cite_note-Siena2014-252">[245]</a></li> <li>7th-best of 37 in 1993<a href="#cite_note-Siena2014-252">[245]</a></li> <li>4th-best of 38 in 2003<a href="#cite_note-Siena2014-252">[245]</a></li> <li>3rd-best of 38 in 2008<a href="#cite_note-Siena2014-252">[245]</a></li> <li>3rd-best of 39 in 2014<a href="#cite_note-Siena2014-252">[245]</a></li></ul> In the 2008 Siena Research Institute survey, Onassis was ranked in the top-five of all criteria, ranking the 2nd-highest in background, 4th-highest in intelligence, 2nd-highest in value to the country, 4th-highest in being her "own woman", 4th-highest in integrity, 5th-highest in her accomplishments, 2nd-highest in <a href="/wiki/Courage" title="Courage">courage</a>, 4th-highest in leadership, 1st in public image, and 3rd-highest in her value to the president.<a href="#cite_note-2008Siena-253">[246]</a> In the 2003 survey, Onassis made the top-five in half of the categories, being ranked 1st-highest in background, 5th-highest in intelligence, 4th-highest in courage, 4th-highest in value to the country, and 1st-highest in public image.<a href="#cite_note-254">[247]</a> In the 2014 Siena Research Institute survey, in the rankings of 20th and 21st century American first ladies in additional survey questions, Onassis was ranked 2nd-highest for management of family life, 4th-highest for advancement of women's issues, 3rd-greatest as a political asset, 4th-strongest public communicator, and 2nd-highest for creation of a lasting legacy.<a href="#cite_note-Siena2014-252">[245]</a> In the 2014 survey, Onassis and her first husband were also ranked the 6th-highest out of 39 first couples in terms of being a "power couple".<a href="#cite_note-255">[248]</a> In the 1982 Siena College Research Institute survey, Onassis had been ranked the lowest in the criteria of integrity. In subsequent iterations of the survey, historians' regard for her integrity markedly improved. The initial disapproving view of her integrity may have been due to sentiments towards her marriage to Aristotle Onassis. Historians' overall opinions towards Onassis as a whole appear to have become more favorable in the subsequent years as she, in her second widowhood, demonstrated her independence with her career in publishing.<a href="#cite_note-256">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_memorials">Honors and memorials</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Honors and memorials">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:ST49816218NOV1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/ST49816218NOV1962.jpg/210px-ST49816218NOV1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/ST49816218NOV1962.jpg/315px-ST49816218NOV1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/ST49816218NOV1962.jpg/420px-ST49816218NOV1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="983" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firstladies.c-span.org/FirstLady/37/Jacqueline-Kennedy.aspx">Jacqueline Kennedy</a>, First Ladies, Influence and Image, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>A high school named <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis_High_School_for_International_Careers" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers</a>, was dedicated by New York City in 1995, the first high school named in her honor. It is located at 120 West 46th Street between Sixth and Seventh Avenues, and was formerly the <a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Performing_Arts" title="High School of Performing Arts">High School of Performing Arts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[250]</a></li> <li>Public School 66 in the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Hill,_Queens" title="Richmond Hill, Queens">Richmond Hill</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, New York City was renamed in honor of the former First Lady.<a href="#cite_note-258">[251]</a></li> <li>The main reservoir in <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>, located in Manhattan near her apartment, was renamed in her honor as the <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis_Reservoir" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-259">[252]</a></li> <li>The main entry foyer on East 42nd Street, across from Pershing Square, into <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a> in New York City was renamed The Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Foyer, in honor of her work in the 1970s of saving the terminal.<a href="#cite_note-260">[253]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Art_Society" title="Municipal Art Society">Municipal Art Society</a> of New York presents the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Medal to an individual whose work and deeds have made an outstanding contribution to the city of New York. The medal was named in honor of the former MAS board member in 1994, for her tireless efforts to preserve and protect New York City's great architecture.<a href="#cite_note-261">[254]</a> She made her last public appearance at the Municipal Art Society two months before her May 1994 death.<a href="#cite_note-262">[255]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy_Onassis_Hall" title="Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis Hall">Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis Hall</a> at the <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> (her alma mater) in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[256]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>'s East Garden was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Garden" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Garden">Jacqueline Kennedy Garden</a> in her honor.<a href="#cite_note-264">[257]</a></li> <li>In 2007, her name and her first husband's were included on the list of people aboard the Japanese <a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">Kaguya</a> mission to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> launched on September 14, as part of <a href="/wiki/The_Planetary_Society" title="The Planetary Society">The Planetary Society</a>'s "Wish Upon The Moon" campaign.<a href="#cite_note-265">[258]</a> In addition, they are included on the list aboard <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a> mission.</li> <li>A school and an award at the <a href="/wiki/American_Ballet_Theatre" title="American Ballet Theatre">American Ballet Theatre</a> have been named after her in honor of her childhood study of ballet.<a href="#cite_note-266">[259]</a></li> <li>The companion book for a series of interviews between mythologist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Myth" title="The Power of Myth">The Power of Myth</a>, was created under her direction prior to her death. The book's editor, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Sue_Flowers" title="Betty Sue Flowers">Betty Sue Flowers</a>, writes in the Editor's Note to The Power of Myth: "I am grateful ... to Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis, the <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a> editor, whose interest in the books of Joseph Campbell was the prime mover in the publication of this book." A year after her death in 1994, Moyers dedicated the companion book for his PBS series, The Language of Life as follows: "To Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. As you sail on to Ithaka." The reference is to the poem "<a href="/wiki/Ithaca_(poem)" title="Ithaca (poem)">Ithaka</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Constantine_P._Cavafy" title="Constantine P. Cavafy">C. P. Cavafy</a> that <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Tempelsman" title="Maurice Tempelsman">Maurice Tempelsman</a> read at her funeral.<a href="#cite_note-267">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-McFaddentemp-268">[261]</a></li> <li>A white gazebo is dedicated to Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis on North Madison Street in <a href="/wiki/Middleburg,_Virginia" title="Middleburg, Virginia">Middleburg, Virginia</a>. The First Lady and President Kennedy frequented the small town of Middleburg and intended to retire in the nearby town of Atoka. She also hunted with the Middleburg Hunt numerous times.<a href="#cite_note-269">[262]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayals">Portrayals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Portrayals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Cultural depictions of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Cultural depictions of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Jaclyn_Smith" title="Jaclyn Smith">Jaclyn Smith</a> portrays Jacqueline Kennedy in the 1981 television film <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy_(film)" title="Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy (film)">Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy</a>, depicting her life until the end of the JFK presidency.<a href="#cite_note-270">[263]</a> The film's producer Louis Rudolph stated an interest in creating a "positive portrait of a woman who I thought had been very much maligned," comments that were interpreted by John J. O'Connor of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> as erasing any chances of critique toward her.<a href="#cite_note-271">[264]</a> Though Smith received praise for her performance,<a href="#cite_note-272">[265]</a> with Marilynn Preston calling her "convincing in an impossible role",<a href="#cite_note-273">[266]</a> Tom Shales wrote "Jaclyn Smith couldn't act her way out of a Gucci bag".<a href="#cite_note-274">[267]</a> <a href="/wiki/Blair_Brown" title="Blair Brown">Blair Brown</a> portrays Jacqueline Kennedy in the 1983 miniseries <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_(1983_miniseries)" title="Kennedy (1983 miniseries)">Kennedy</a>, set during the Kennedy presidency.<a href="#cite_note-275">[268]</a> Brown used wigs and makeup to better resemble Kennedy and said through playing the role she gained a different view of the assassination: "I realized that this was a woman witnessing the public execution of her husband."<a href="#cite_note-276">[269]</a> Jason Bailey praised her performance,<a href="#cite_note-277">[270]</a> while Andrea Mullaney noted her resemblance to Kennedy and general shyness.<a href="#cite_note-278">[271]</a> Brown was nominated for a television BAFTA as <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Television_Award_for_Best_Actress#1980s" title="British Academy Television Award for Best Actress">Best Actress</a> and a Golden Globe as <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Miniseries_or_Television_Film#1980s" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film">Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film</a>.<a href="#cite_note-279">[272]</a> Marianna Bishop, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Michelle_Gellar" title="Sarah Michelle Gellar">Sarah Michelle Gellar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roma_Downey" title="Roma Downey">Roma Downey</a> portray Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis in the 1991 miniseries <a href="/wiki/A_Woman_Named_Jackie" title="A Woman Named Jackie">A Woman Named Jackie</a>, covering her entire life until the death of Aristotle Onassis.<a href="#cite_note-280">[273]</a> Of being contacted for the role, Downey reflected: "I thought I was a strange choice because I didn't think I looked anything like her and I was Irish."<a href="#cite_note-281">[274]</a> Half of Downey's wardrobe was designed by Shelley Komarov<a href="#cite_note-282">[275]</a> and Downey stated that though she had long harbored "great respect and admiration" for Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, she was unaware of the troubles in her childhood.<a href="#cite_note-283">[276]</a> Reviewer Rick Kogan praised Downey with doing "a surprisingly fine job in the demanding title role",<a href="#cite_note-284">[277]</a> while Howard Rosenberg lamented Downey's performance failing to "pierce this thick glaze of superficiality".<a href="#cite_note-285">[278]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ability_(magazine)" title="Ability (magazine)">Ability</a> credited the role with raising Downey's profile.<a href="#cite_note-286">[279]</a> In 1992, the miniseries won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries.<a href="#cite_note-287">[280]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhoda_Griffis" title="Rhoda Griffis">Rhoda Griffis</a> portrays Jacqueline Kennedy in the 1992 film <a href="/wiki/Love_Field_(film)" title="Love Field (film)">Love Field</a>, set shortly before and in the aftermath of JFK's assassination.<a href="#cite_note-288">[281]</a> It was Griffis's feature film debut.<a href="#cite_note-289">[282]</a> Griffis said she had been told by her orthodontist of her resemblance to Kennedy and was cast as her upon walking into the auditions for the role.<a href="#cite_note-290">[283]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sally_Taylor-Isherwood" title="Sally Taylor-Isherwood">Sally Taylor-Isherwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emily_VanCamp" title="Emily VanCamp">Emily VanCamp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Whalley" title="Joanne Whalley">Joanne Whalley</a> portray Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis in the 2000 television miniseries Jackie Bouvier Kennedy Onassis, covering chronologically her entire life.<a href="#cite_note-291">[284]</a> Whalley prepared for the role by listening to recordings of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis's voice along with working with a dialect coach; by the end of production, she developed an attachment to her.<a href="#cite_note-292">[285]</a> Laura Fries assessed Whalley as lacking Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis's charisma despite being "soulful and regal" in her own right<a href="#cite_note-293">[286]</a> while Ron Wertheimer viewed Whalley as being passive in the role and lamented "the filmmakers render Jackie as <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> in a pillbox hat, someone who keeps passing close to the center of things without really touching – or being touched by – very much."<a href="#cite_note-294">[287]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Romanov" title="Stephanie Romanov">Stephanie Romanov</a> portrays Jacqueline Kennedy in the 2000 film <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Days_(film)" title="Thirteen Days (film)">Thirteen Days</a>, taking place during the Cuban Missile Crisis.<a href="#cite_note-295">[288]</a> Philip French of <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> noted her small role and being out of "the loop" was accurate of women's roles in "the early Sixties".<a href="#cite_note-296">[289]</a> Laura Clifford called Romanov "unconvincing" in the role.<a href="#cite_note-297">[290]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jill_Hennessy" title="Jill Hennessy">Jill Hennessy</a> portrays Jacqueline Kennedy in the 2001 television film Jackie, Ethel, Joan: The Women of Camelot.<a href="#cite_note-298">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[292]</a> Hennessy prepared for the performance by watching hours of archival footage of Kennedy and cited one of the reasons for her favoring of the miniseries was its distinctiveness in not focusing "strictly on the men or only on Jackie".<a href="#cite_note-300">[293]</a> Reviewers Anita Gates<a href="#cite_note-301">[294]</a> and Terry Kelleher<a href="#cite_note-302">[295]</a> believed Hennessy brought "elegance" to the role while Steve Oxman panned the performance: "Hennessy simply doesn't possess the right natural grace. But this pic has a habit of telling us more that [sic] it shows us, and the actress manages to communicate the most important elements of the story without ever making it especially convincing."<a href="#cite_note-303">[296]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Bisset" title="Jacqueline Bisset">Jacqueline Bisset</a> portrays Jacqueline Kennedy in the 2003 film <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Prince:_The_John_F._Kennedy_Jr._Story" title="America's Prince: The John F. Kennedy Jr. Story">America's Prince: The John F. Kennedy Jr. Story</a>.<a href="#cite_note-304">[297]</a> Bisset said the glasses she used during the film were holdovers from a prior role in <a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Tycoon" title="The Greek Tycoon">The Greek Tycoon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-305">[298]</a> Neil Genzlinger thought Bisset "should have known better" in taking on the role<a href="#cite_note-306">[299]</a> while Kristen Tauer wrote Bisset portraying Kennedy as a mother was a "different central light than many proceeding films".<a href="#cite_note-307">[300]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Tripplehorn" title="Jeanne Tripplehorn">Jeanne Tripplehorn</a> portrays Jacqueline Kennedy in the 2009 film <a href="/wiki/Grey_Gardens_(2009_film)" title="Grey Gardens (2009 film)">Grey Gardens</a> for a single scene.<a href="#cite_note-308">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[302]</a> Tripplehorn said questions she had about <a href="/wiki/Edith_Bouvier_Beale" title="Edith Bouvier Beale">Edith Bouvier Beale</a> that she thought would be answered by being a part of the film remained unresolved.<a href="#cite_note-310">[303]</a> Tripplehorn received diverse reactions to her performance<a href="#cite_note-311">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[306]</a> while Brian Lowry noted her resemblance to Kennedy and small role.<a href="#cite_note-314">[307]</a> <a href="/wiki/Katie_Holmes" title="Katie Holmes">Katie Holmes</a> portrays Jacqueline Kennedy in the 2011 miniseries <a href="/wiki/The_Kennedys_(TV_miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kennedys (TV miniseries)">The Kennedys</a>, set during the Kennedy presidency and its 2017 sequel <a href="/wiki/The_Kennedys:_After_Camelot" title="The Kennedys: After Camelot">The Kennedys: After Camelot</a>, focusing on her life after 1968.<a href="#cite_note-315">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[309]</a> Mary McNamara<a href="#cite_note-317">[310]</a> and Hank Stuever<a href="#cite_note-318">[311]</a> regarded Holmes's performance with neutrality in their reviews of The Kennedys while Hadley Freeman called her "bloodless" in the role.<a href="#cite_note-319">[312]</a> Holmes stated reprising the role was a "bigger challenge" for having to act through later periods of Kennedy's life.<a href="#cite_note-320">[313]</a> When asked of the concurrent Jackie film, Holmes said, "I think its [sic] really exciting. It's [sic] just is a testament to how amazing Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was and how much she meant to our country."<a href="#cite_note-321">[314]</a> Holmes also stated both should be watched due to covering different periods of Jackie's life.<a href="#cite_note-322">[315]</a> In The Kennedys: After Camelot, Holmes's performance was viewed favorably by Daniel Feinberg<a href="#cite_note-323">[316]</a> and Allison Keane<a href="#cite_note-324">[317]</a> while Kristi Turnquist panned her.<a href="#cite_note-325">[318]</a> <a href="/wiki/Minka_Kelly" title="Minka Kelly">Minka Kelly</a> portrays Jacqueline Kennedy in the 2013 film <a href="/wiki/The_Butler" title="The Butler">The Butler</a>, giving the film's protagonist Cecil one of her husband's neckties after his assassination.<a href="#cite_note-326">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cress-327">[320]</a> Kelly said she was intimidated and scared taking on the role.<a href="#cite_note-328">[321]</a> Kelly admitted to having difficulty with perfecting Kennedy's voice, going "to sleep listening to her", and having discomfort with the wool clothing associated with the role.<a href="#cite_note-Cress-327">[320]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ginnifer_Goodwin" title="Ginnifer Goodwin">Ginnifer Goodwin</a> portrays her in the 2013 television film <a href="/wiki/Killing_Kennedy_(film)" title="Killing Kennedy (film)">Killing Kennedy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[323]</a> Goodwin used intimate photos to better portray Jacqueline Kennedy and was concerned "to do her justice and to play her as accurately as possible without ever doing an impression of her".<a href="#cite_note-331">[324]</a> Costar <a href="/wiki/Rob_Lowe" title="Rob Lowe">Rob Lowe</a> said of seeing Goodwin in the pink Chanel suit, "It made it real. If I were under any illusions about what we were doing, seeing her in that iconic moment was, I would say, sobering."<a href="#cite_note-332">[325]</a> Tom Carson wrote that Goodwin's "trademark vulnerability humanizes Jackie considerably"<a href="#cite_note-333">[326]</a> while Bruce Miller called her a miscast<a href="#cite_note-334">[327]</a> and Robert Lloyd<a href="#cite_note-335">[328]</a> and Brian Lowry<a href="#cite_note-336">[329]</a> panned her performance. <a href="/wiki/Kim_Allen_(actress)" title="Kim Allen (actress)">Kim Allen</a> portrays Jacqueline Kennedy in the 2016 film <a href="/wiki/LBJ_(2016_film)" title="LBJ (2016 film)">LBJ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-337">[330]</a> Ray Bennett noted in his review of the film that Allen was in a non-speaking role.<a href="#cite_note-338">[331]</a> <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Portman" title="Natalie Portman">Natalie Portman</a> portrays Jacqueline Kennedy in the 2016 film <a href="/wiki/Jackie_(2016_film)" title="Jackie (2016 film)">Jackie</a>, set during the JFK presidency and the immediate aftermath of the assassination.<a href="#cite_note-Portman-339">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[333]</a> Portman admitted being intimidated taking the role and doing research in preparation for filming.<a href="#cite_note-341">[334]</a> Nigel M. Smith wrote that by portraying Kennedy, Portman was "taking on arguably the biggest challenge of her career".<a href="#cite_note-342">[335]</a> Manohla Dargis,<a href="#cite_note-343">[336]</a> David Edelstein,<a href="#cite_note-344">[337]</a> and Peter Bradshaw<a href="#cite_note-345">[338]</a> praised her performance. Portman was nominated for Best Actress by <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-346">[339]</a> <a href="/wiki/AACTA_Awards" title="AACTA Awards">AACTA Awards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-347">[340]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Women_Film_Journalists" title="Alliance of Women Film Journalists">AWFJ</a>,<a href="#cite_note-348">[341]</a> <a href="/wiki/Austin_Film_Critics_Association" title="Austin Film Critics Association">AFCA</a>,<a href="#cite_note-349">[342]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_Society_of_Film_Critics" title="Boston Society of Film Critics">BSFC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-350">[343]</a> and won the category by the <a href="/wiki/Online_Film_Critics_Society" title="Online Film Critics Society">Online Film Critics Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-351">[344]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jodi_Balfour" title="Jodi Balfour">Jodi Balfour</a> portrays Jacqueline Kennedy in the 2017 eighth episode of the second season of <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>'s drama series, <a href="/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Crown (TV series)">The Crown</a>, titled "Dear Mrs. Kennedy", set during the June 1961 visit of the Kennedy couple to <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> and the immediate reaction to the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of John F. Kennedy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-352">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a 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.reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Nicknamed "Jackie O" following her second marriage. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Her French family had its origins in the Rhone River valley village of <a href="/wiki/Pont-Saint-Esprit" title="Pont-Saint-Esprit">Pont-Saint-Esprit</a> and left France for the US in the first years of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> Although the French and English ancestors of the Bouviers were mostly middle class, her paternal grandfather John Vernou Bouvier Jr., fabricated a more noble ancestry for the family in his vanity family history book, Our Forebears, later disproved by the research by her cousin <a href="/wiki/John_H._Davis_(author)" title="John H. Davis (author)">John Hagy Davis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> At first she had opposed the magazine's offer of the cover, not wanting the baby to be used to benefit her husband's political career, but she had changed her mind in exchange for a promise from her father-in-law that John would stop campaigning during the summer to go to Paris with her.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> There were some mixed feelings about whether she should testify, <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> in particular indicating an unwillingness to interview her while <a href="/wiki/John_J._McCloy" title="John J. McCloy">John J. McCloy</a> outright opposed such an inquiry. Future president <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, who served on the Warren Commission, proposed "most informally" having her interviewed by an associate.<a href="#cite_note-White-128">[125]</a> With the varying opinions of what to do lingering, Warren held a short meeting with Kennedy at her apartment.<a href="#cite_note-White-128">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> In May 1965, she, Robert and Ted Kennedy joined Queen Elizabeth II at <a href="/wiki/Runnymede" title="Runnymede">Runnymede</a>, England, where they dedicated the United Kingdom's official memorial to JFK. The memorial included several acres of meadowland given in perpetuity from the UK to the US, near where <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">King John</a> had signed <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a> in 1215.<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> In 1967, she attended the christening of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_John_F._Kennedy_(CV-67)" title="USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)">USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> in Newport News, Virginia, a memorial in Hyannis Port, and a park near <a href="/wiki/New_Ross" title="New Ross">New Ross</a>, Ireland. She also attended a private ceremony in Arlington National Cemetery that saw the moving of her husband's coffin, after which he was reinterred so that officials at the cemetery could construct a safer and more stable eternal flame and accommodate the tourists' extensive foot traffic.<a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> Prior to her publishing employment, she had gained experience by being involved with several posthumous biographies of President Kennedy. The first of these was John F. Kennedy, President, by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Sidey" title="Hugh Sidey">Hugh Sidey</a>, which was published the year after his death in 1964. Simon Michael Bessie, Sidey's editor at Atheneum, recalled her as having read galleys and submitted detailed notes on them. Despite this recollection, Sidey did not acknowledge her contribution in the book. The following year, she helped <a href="/wiki/Ted_Sorensen" title="Ted Sorensen">Ted Sorensen</a> with his book Kennedy. Sorensen told Greg Lawrence that after finishing the "first draft" of his "first big book", he gave Onassis the manuscript since he thought she would be helpful, and she provided him with several comments on the book. Sorensen lauded her assistance in his memoir Counselor, as he wrote that she had "proved to be a superb editor, correcting typographical errors, challenging mistaken assumptions, defending some of her husband's personnel decisions, suggesting useful clarifications, and repeatedly setting the record straight on matters not known to me".<a href="#cite_note-176">[171]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> In the mid-1970s, photos of Onassis sunbathing in the nude had been published without her permission in the pornographic magazines <a href="/wiki/Playmen" title="Playmen">Playmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Screw_(magazine)" title="Screw (magazine)">Screw</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hustler_(magazine)" title="Hustler (magazine)">Hustler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Craughwell-Varda1999-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Craughwell-Varda1999_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Craughwell-Varda1999_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCraughwell-Varda1999" class="citation book cs1">Craughwell-Varda, Kathleen (October 14, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ct_xAAAAMAAJ">Looking for Jackie: American Fashion Icons</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Publishing" title="Sterling Publishing">Hearst Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-16726-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-16726-4"><bdi>978-0-688-16726-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved May 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Looking+for+Jackie%3A+American+Fashion+Icons&rft.pub=Hearst+Books&rft.date=1999-10-14&rft.isbn=978-0-688-16726-4&rft.aulast=Craughwell-Varda&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCt_xAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224654/https://i.pinimg.com/originals/b8/81/a9/b881a947fca72c742707305836e44c82.jpg">"Photograph"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/b8/81/a9/b881a947fca72c742707305836e44c82.jpg">the original</a> on December 3, 2017. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_publications/publications_documents/whitehousehistory_14.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on July 28, 2011. 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First Ladies' Biographical Information. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=36">the original</a> on May 23, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=First+Ladies%27+Biographical+Information&rft.atitle=First+Lady+Biography%3A+Jackie+Kennedy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstladies.org%2Fbiographies%2Ffirstladies.aspx%3Fbiography%3D36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Pottker, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Pottker, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Pottker, pp. 100–101. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Spoto, p. 57. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMead2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Mead, Rebecca (April 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/04/11/jackies-juvenilia">"Jackie's Juvenilia"</a>. 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One Special Summer. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Delacorte_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Delacorte Press">Delacorte Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-440-06037-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-440-06037-6"><bdi>978-0-440-06037-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Special+Summer&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Delacorte+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-440-06037-6&rft.aulast=Onassis&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline+Kennedy&rft.au=Radziwill%2C+Lee+Bouvier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpoto2000" class="citation book cs1">Spoto, Donald (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E_dm1DTx6SMC&q=Frank+Waldrop+Bouvier&pg=PA89">Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis: A Life</a>. Macmillan. pp. 88–89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-24650-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-24650-1"><bdi>978-0-312-24650-1</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacqueline+Bouvier+Kennedy+Onassis%3A+A+Life&rft.pages=88-89&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-312-24650-1&rft.aulast=Spoto&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE_dm1DTx6SMC%26q%3DFrank%2BWaldrop%2BBouvier%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Tracy, pp. 72–73. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2002" class="citation news cs1">Bernstein, Adam (September 18, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2002/09/18/washington-star-editor-sidney-epstein-dies/6f06a76f-c654-4d31-97a3-c3aef657360b/">"Washington Star Editor Sidney Epstein Dies"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved February 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Washington+Star+Editor+Sidney+Epstein+Dies&rft.date=2002-09-18&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flocal%2F2002%2F09%2F18%2Fwashington-star-editor-sidney-epstein-dies%2F6f06a76f-c654-4d31-97a3-c3aef657360b%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Beasley, p. 79; Adler, pp. 20–21. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Leaming (2014), p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-Spoto89-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Spoto89_49-0">^</a> Spoto, pp. 89–91. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Tracy, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-O-51"><a href="#cite_ref-O_51-0">^</a> O'Brien, pp. 265–266 </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Harris, pp. 548–549. </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTEngagement-53"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTEngagement_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1953/06/25/issue.html">"Senator Kennedy to marry in fall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. June 25, 1953. p. 31. Retrieved November 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senator+Kennedy+to+marry+in+fall&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1953-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1953%2F06%2F25%2Fissue.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Alam, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/Ready-Reference/JKO-Fast-Facts/Wedding-Details.aspx">"Wedding of Jacqueline Bouvier and John F. Kennedy"</a>. jfklibrary.org. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved February 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jfklibrary.org&rft.atitle=Wedding+of+Jacqueline+Bouvier+and+John+F.+Kennedy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jfklibrary.org%2FResearch%2FResearch-Aids%2FReady-Reference%2FJKO-Fast-Facts%2FWedding-Details.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK+Library+and+Museum/News+and+Press/Special+Exhibit+Celebrates+50th+Anniversary+of+the+Wedding+of+Jacqueline+Bouvier+and+John+F+Kennedy.htm">jfklibrary.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090208234215/http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK+Library+and+Museum/News+and+Press/Special+Exhibit+Celebrates+50th+Anniversary+of+the+Wedding+of+Jacqueline+Bouvier+and+John+F+Kennedy.htm">Archived</a> February 8, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Special Exhibit Celebrates 50th Anniversary of the Wedding of Jacqueline Bouvier and John F. Kennedy. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed_Miller2007" class="citation book cs1">Reed Miller, Rosemary E. (2007). The Threads of Time. T & S Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9709713-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9709713-0-2"><bdi>978-0-9709713-0-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Threads+of+Time&rft.pub=T+%26+S+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-9709713-0-2&rft.aulast=Reed+Miller&rft.aufirst=Rosemary+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Sally_Bedell2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sally_Bedell_Smith" title="Sally Bedell Smith">Smith, Sally Bedell</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gracepowerprivat00smit">Grace and Power: The Private World of the Kennedy White House</a>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50449-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50449-5"><bdi>978-0-375-50449-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grace+and+Power%3A+The+Private+World+of+the+Kennedy+White+House&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-375-50449-5&rft.au=Smith%2C+Sally+Bedell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgracepowerprivat00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OBrien295-59"><a href="#cite_ref-OBrien295_59-0">^</a> O'Brien, pp. 295–296. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mrs.Kennedy31-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Mrs.Kennedy31_60-0">^</a> Leaming (2001), pp. 31–32. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGullen2007" class="citation news cs1">Gullen, Kevin (May 13, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/05/13/finding_her_way_in_the_clan/?page=full">"Finding her way in the clan Diaries, letters reveal a more complex Kennedy matriarch"</a>. Boston Globe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Finding+her+way+in+the+clan+Diaries%2C+letters+reveal+a+more+complex+Kennedy+matriarch&rft.date=2007-05-13&rft.aulast=Gullen&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Farticles%2F2007%2F05%2F13%2Ffinding_her_way_in_the_clan%2F%3Fpage%3Dfull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dallek-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Dallek_62-0">^</a> Dallek, Robert. An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917–1963. 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(2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jacquelinekenned00jacq">Historical Conversations on Life with John F. Kennedy</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-2425-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-2425-4"><bdi>978-1-4013-2425-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Conversations+on+Life+with+John+F.+Kennedy&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4013-2425-4&rft.au=Beschloss%2C+Michael.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjacquelinekenned00jacq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Taraborrelli, J. Randy. Jackie, Ethel, Joan: Women of Camelot. 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Vanity Fair.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=A+Death+in+the+First+Family&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Thurston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2F07%2Ficebergs-jfk-jackie-death-patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levingston2013-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Levingston2013_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levingston2013_108-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevingston2013" class="citation news cs1">Levingston, Steven (October 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/for-john-and-jackie-kennedy-the-death-of-a-son-may-have-brought-them-closer/2013/10/24/2506051e-369b-11e3-ae46-e4248e75c8ea_story.html">"For John and Jackie Kennedy, the death of a son may have brought them closer"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=For+John+and+Jackie+Kennedy%2C+the+death+of+a+son+may+have+brought+them+closer&rft.date=2013-10-24&rft.aulast=Levingston&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Ffor-john-and-jackie-kennedy-the-death-of-a-son-may-have-brought-them-closer%2F2013%2F10%2F24%2F2506051e-369b-11e3-ae46-e4248e75c8ea_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leaming120-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leaming120_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leaming120_109-1">b</a> Leaming (2014), pp. 120–122. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Schlesinger, p. xiv </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Leaming (2014), p. 123. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bugliosi-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Bugliosi_112-0">^</a> Bugliosi, pp. 30, 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FordMitchell2004-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FordMitchell2004_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFordMitchell2004" class="citation book cs1">Ford, Elizabeth; Mitchell, Deborah C. 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The New York Times. Retrieved December 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jacqueline+Kennedy%27s+Smart+Pink+Suit%2C+Preserved+in+Memory+and+Kept+Out+of+View&rft.date=2013-11-14&rft.aulast=Horyn&rft.aufirst=Cathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F11%2F15%2Ffashion%2Fjacqueline-kennedys-smart-pink-suit-preserved-in-memory-and-kept-out-of-view.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-caro-122"><a href="#cite_ref-caro_122-0">^</a> Caro, p. 329. </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_123-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell,_Lady_Jeanne1963" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Campbell" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeanne Campbell">Campbell, Lady Jeanne</a> (November 25, 1963). 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Johnson: "Executive Order 11130 – Appointing a Commission To Report Upon the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy," November 29, 1963"</a>. The American Presidency Project. University of California – Santa Barbara. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=26032">the original</a> on December 4, 2017. 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Retrieved December 23, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=The+Queen+and+Jackie+Kennedy%27s+Blood-covered+Dress%3A+Did+Elizabeth+Really+Meet+Jacqueline+Onassis%3F&rft.date=2017-12-18&rft.aulast=Gaudette&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fjackie-kennedy-queen-elizabeth-751474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdler2009" class="citation book cs1">Adler, Bill (2009). The Eloquent Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis: A Portrait in Her Own Words. HarperCollins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eloquent+Jacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis%3A+A+Portrait+in+Her+Own+Words&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadrul_Alam2006" class="citation book cs1">Badrul Alam, Mohammed (2006). Jackie Kennedy: Trailblazer. Nova History Publication. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59454-558-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59454-558-0"><bdi>978-1-59454-558-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jackie+Kennedy%3A+Trailblazer&rft.pub=Nova+History+Publication&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-59454-558-0&rft.aulast=Badrul+Alam&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersen2015" class="citation book cs1">Andersen, Christopher (2015). The Good Son: JFK Jr. and the Mother He Loved. Gallery Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4767-7557-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4767-7557-9"><bdi>978-1-4767-7557-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Good+Son%3A+JFK+Jr.+and+the+Mother+He+Loved&rft.pub=Gallery+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4767-7557-9&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeasley2005" class="citation book cs1">Beasley, Maurine (2005). First Ladies and the Press: The Unfinished Partnership of the Media Age. Northwestern University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8101-2312-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8101-2312-0"><bdi>978-0-8101-2312-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Ladies+and+the+Press%3A+The+Unfinished+Partnership+of+the+Media+Age&rft.pub=Northwestern+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8101-2312-0&rft.aulast=Beasley&rft.aufirst=Maurine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradford2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Bradford" title="Sarah Bradford">Bradford, Sarah</a> (2000). America's Queen: The Life of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. Viking.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Queen%3A+The+Life+of+Jacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBugliosi2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Bugliosi" title="Vincent Bugliosi">Bugliosi, Vincent</a> (2007). Four Days in November: The Assassination of John F. Kennedy. <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33215-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33215-5"><bdi>978-0-393-33215-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Days+in+November%3A+The+Assassination+of+John+F.+Kennedy&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-393-33215-5&rft.aulast=Bugliosi&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaro2013" class="citation book cs1">Caro, Robert A. (2013). The Passage of Power: Volume 4 of The Years of Lyndon Johnson (Illustrated reprint ed.). Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-71325-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-71325-5"><bdi>978-0-375-71325-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Passage+of+Power%3A+Volume+4+of+The+Years+of+Lyndon+Johnson&rft.edition=Illustrated+reprint&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-375-71325-5&rft.aulast=Caro&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassini,_Oleg1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Cassini" title="Oleg Cassini">Cassini, Oleg</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thousanddaysofma0000cass">A Thousand Days of Magic: Dressing the First Lady for the White House</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rizzoli_International_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Rizzoli International Publications">Rizzoli International Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-1900-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-1900-3"><bdi>978-0-8478-1900-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Thousand+Days+of+Magic%3A+Dressing+the+First+Lady+for+the+White+House&rft.pub=Rizzoli+International+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8478-1900-3&rft.au=Cassini%2C+Oleg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthousanddaysofma0000cass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClinton2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Clinton, Hillary Rodham</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livinghistory000clin">Living History</a>. Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2225-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2225-9"><bdi>978-0-7432-2225-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+History&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-2225-9&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=Hillary+Rodham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivinghistory000clin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlaherty,_Tina2004" class="citation book cs1">Flaherty, Tina (2004). What Jackie Taught Us: Lessons from the Remarkable Life of Jacqueline. New York City: Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-49427-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-49427-1"><bdi>978-1-101-49427-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Jackie+Taught+Us%3A+Lessons+from+the+Remarkable+Life+of+Jacqueline&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-101-49427-1&rft.au=Flaherty%2C+Tina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlyntDavid2011" class="citation book cs1">Flynt, Larry; David, Ph.D. Eisenbach (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onenationunderse0000flyn">One Nation Under Sex: How the Private Lives of Presidents, First Ladies and Their Lovers Changed the Course of American History</a>. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-10503-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-10503-4"><bdi>978-0-230-10503-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Nation+Under+Sex%3A+How+the+Private+Lives+of+Presidents%2C+First+Ladies+and+Their+Lovers+Changed+the+Course+of+American+History&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-230-10503-4&rft.aulast=Flynt&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=David%2C+Ph.D.+Eisenbach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonenationunderse0000flyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodmanSideyBaldrige2006" class="citation book cs1">Goodman, Jon; Sidey, Hugh; Baldrige, Letitia (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dragonrisinginsi0000beck">The Kennedy Mystique: Creating Camelot: Essays</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Books">National Geographic Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7922-5308-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7922-5308-2"><bdi>978-0-7922-5308-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kennedy+Mystique%3A+Creating+Camelot%3A+Essays&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7922-5308-2&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.au=Sidey%2C+Hugh&rft.au=Baldrige%2C+Letitia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdragonrisinginsi0000beck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2008" class="citation book cs1">Ford, Lynne E. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000unse_i1x8">Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics</a>. Facts on File. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5491-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5491-6"><bdi>978-0-8160-5491-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Women+and+American+Politics&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5491-6&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Lynne+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofwo0000unse_i1x8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2012" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Bill (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstladiesfactb0000harr_h8n6">First Ladies Fact Book -- Revised and Updated: The Childhoods, Courtships, Marriages, Campaigns, Accomplishments, and Legacies of Every First Lady from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama</a>. Black Dog & Leventhal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57912-891-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57912-891-3"><bdi>978-1-57912-891-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Ladies+Fact+Book+--+Revised+and+Updated%3A+The+Childhoods%2C+Courtships%2C+Marriages%2C+Campaigns%2C+Accomplishments%2C+and+Legacies+of+Every+First+Lady+from+Martha+Washington+to+Michelle+Obama&rft.pub=Black+Dog+%26+Leventhal&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-57912-891-3&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstladiesfactb0000harr_h8n6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHersh2010" class="citation book cs1">Hersh, Burton (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/edwardkennedyint00hers">Edward Kennedy: An Intimate Biography</a>. Counterpoint. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58243-628-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58243-628-9"><bdi>978-1-58243-628-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+Kennedy%3A+An+Intimate+Biography&rft.pub=Counterpoint&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-58243-628-9&rft.aulast=Hersh&rft.aufirst=Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fedwardkennedyint00hers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeymann2007" class="citation book cs1">Heymann, C. David (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanlegacyst00heym">American Legacy: The Story of John and Caroline Kennedy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-9738-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-9738-1"><bdi>978-0-7434-9738-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Legacy%3A+The+Story+of+John+and+Caroline+Kennedy&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7434-9738-1&rft.aulast=Heymann&rft.aufirst=C.+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanlegacyst00heym&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeymann2009" class="citation book cs1">Heymann, C. David (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bobbyjackielove00heym">Bobby and Jackie: A Love Story</a>. Atria Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-5624-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-5624-4"><bdi>978-1-4165-5624-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bobby+and+Jackie%3A+A+Love+Story&rft.pub=Atria+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-5624-4&rft.aulast=Heymann&rft.aufirst=C.+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbobbyjackielove00heym&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilty2000" class="citation book cs1">Hilty, James (2000). Robert Kennedy: Brother Protector. Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56639-766-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56639-766-7"><bdi>978-1-56639-766-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Kennedy%3A+Brother+Protector&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-56639-766-7&rft.aulast=Hilty&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuntBatcher2014" class="citation book cs1">Hunt, Amber; Batcher, David (2014). Kennedy Wives: Triumph and Tragedy in America's Most Public Family. Lyons Press. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-9634-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-9634-2"><bdi>978-0-7627-9634-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kennedy+Wives%3A+Triumph+and+Tragedy+in+America%27s+Most+Public+Family&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Lyons+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-9634-2&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Amber&rft.au=Batcher%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Kennedy, Jacqueline (2011). Jacqueline Kennedy: Historic Conversations on Life with John F. Kennedy. <a href="/wiki/Hachette_Books" title="Hachette Books">Hyperion</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4013-2425-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-4013-2425-8">1-4013-2425-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambertZilkha2004" class="citation book cs1">Lambert, Eleanor; Zilkha, Bettina (2004). Ultimate Style – The Best of the Best Dressed List. Assouline. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84323-513-8" title="Special:BookSources/2-84323-513-8"><bdi>2-84323-513-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ultimate+Style+%E2%80%93+The+Best+of+the+Best+Dressed+List&rft.pub=Assouline&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=2-84323-513-8&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft.au=Zilkha%2C+Bettina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence2011" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Greg (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jackieaseditorli0000lawr">Jackie as Editor: The Literary Life of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</a>. Thomas Dunne Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-59193-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-59193-9"><bdi>978-0-312-59193-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jackie+as+Editor%3A+The+Literary+Life+of+Jacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-312-59193-9&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjackieaseditorli0000lawr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Leaming, Barbara (2001). Mrs. Kennedy: The Missing History of the Kennedy Years <a href="/wiki/Free_Press_(publisher)" title="Free Press (publisher)">Free Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-86209-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-86209-5">978-0-684-86209-5</a>.</li> <li>Leaming, Barbara (2014). Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis: The Untold Story. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macmillan Publishers (United States)">Macmillan</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-01764-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-01764-2">978-1-250-01764-2</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills1998" class="citation book cs1">Mills, Judie (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/robertkennedy00mill">Robert Kennedy</a>. Millbrook Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56294-250-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56294-250-2"><bdi>978-1-56294-250-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Kennedy&rft.pub=Millbrook+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-56294-250-2&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Judie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frobertkennedy00mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagill1999" class="citation book cs1">Magill, Frank Northen (1999). Dictionary of World Biography: The 20th century, O-Z. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-048-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-048-3"><bdi>978-1-57958-048-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+World+Biography%3A+The+20th+century%2C+O-Z&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-57958-048-3&rft.aulast=Magill&rft.aufirst=Frank+Northen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeagherGragg2011" class="citation book cs1">Meagher, Michael; Gragg, Larry D. (2011). John F. Kennedy: A Biography. Greenwood.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+F.+Kennedy%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Meagher&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Gragg%2C+Larry+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2006" class="citation book cs1">O'Brien, Michael (2006). John F. Kennedy: A Biography. St. Martin's Griffin. pp. 265–266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-35745-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-35745-0"><bdi>978-0-312-35745-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+F.+Kennedy%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=265-266&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-312-35745-0&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Pottker, Jan (2002). Janet and Jackie: The Story of a Mother and Her Daughter, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Griffin" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Martin's Griffin">St. Martin's Griffin</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-30281-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-30281-8">978-0-312-30281-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeves1977" class="citation book cs1">Reeves, Richard (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/convention00reev">Convention</a>. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-122582-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-122582-8"><bdi>978-0-15-122582-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Convention&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-15-122582-8&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconvention00reev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Sabato, Larry J. (2013). The Kennedy Half-Century: The Presidency, Assassination and Lasting Legacy. Bloomsbury USA. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62040-280-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62040-280-1">978-1-62040-280-1</a>.</li> <li>Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. (2002) [1965]. A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House. Mariner Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-21927-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-21927-8">978-0-618-21927-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlesinger1978" class="citation book cs1">Schlesinger, Arthur (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/robertkennedyhis01schl">Robert Kennedy and His Times, Volume 2</a>. Mariner Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-21928-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-21928-5"><bdi>978-0-618-21928-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Kennedy+and+His+Times%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Mariner+Books&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-618-21928-5&rft.aulast=Schlesinger&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frobertkennedyhis01schl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverman,_Al2008" class="citation book cs1">Silverman, Al (2008). The Time of Their Lives. New York: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-35003-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-35003-1"><bdi>978-0-312-35003-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Time+of+Their+Lives&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-312-35003-1&rft.au=Silverman%2C+Al&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Spoto, Donald (2000). Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis: A Life. <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-97707-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-97707-8">978-0-312-97707-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwalbe,_Carol_B.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Schwalbe, Carol B. (2005). "Jacqueline Kennedy and Cold War Propaganda". Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media. 49 (1): 111–127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1207%2Fs15506878jobem4901_7">10.1207/s15506878jobem4901_7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0883-8151">0883-8151</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146316495">146316495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Broadcasting+and+Electronic+Media&rft.atitle=Jacqueline+Kennedy+and+Cold+War+Propaganda&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=111-127&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146316495%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0883-8151&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1207%2Fs15506878jobem4901_7&rft.au=Schwalbe%2C+Carol+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlin2016" class="citation book cs1">Tomlin, Gregory M. (2016). Murrow's Cold War: Public Diplomacy for the Kennedy Administration. University of Nebraska Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Murrow%27s+Cold+War%3A+Public+Diplomacy+for+the+Kennedy+Administration&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Tomlin&rft.aufirst=Gregory+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Tracy, Kathleen (2008). The Everything Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Book: A portrait of an American icon. Adams Media. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59869-530-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59869-530-4">978-1-59869-530-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrask1994" class="citation book cs1">Trask, Richard B. (1994). Pictures of the Pain: Photography and the Assassination of President Kennedy (hardcover ed.). Yeoman Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9638595-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9638595-0-1"><bdi>0-9638595-0-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pictures+of+the+Pain%3A+Photography+and+the+Assassination+of+President+Kennedy&rft.edition=hardcover&rft.pub=Yeoman+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-9638595-0-1&rft.aulast=Trask&rft.aufirst=Richard+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li>West, J.B., with Mary Lynn Kotz (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oWq9AAAAQBAJ">Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies</a>. <a href="/wiki/Coward,_McCann_%26_Geoghegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Coward, McCann & Geoghegan">Coward, McCann & Geoghegan</a>. SBN 698-10546-X.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2013" class="citation book cs1">White, Mark (2013). Kennedy: A Cultural History of an American Icon. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-2102-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-2102-3"><bdi>978-0-7867-2102-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kennedy%3A+A+Cultural+History+of+an+American+Icon&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-2102-3&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1987" class="citation book cs1">White, G. Edward (1987). Earl Warren: A Public Life. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504936-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504936-7"><bdi>978-0-19-504936-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earl+Warren%3A+A+Public+Life&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504936-7&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=G.+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Wolff, Perry (1962). A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy. <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Doubleday & Company">Doubleday & Company</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2010" class="citation book cs1">Wong, Aliza Z. (2010). Willett, Julie (ed.). The American beauty industry encyclopedia: Hairstylists, Celebrity. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. pp. 151–154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35949-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35949-1"><bdi>978-0-313-35949-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+beauty+industry+encyclopedia%3A+Hairstylists%2C+Celebrity&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=151-154&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-313-35949-1&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Aliza+Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZweifelBuckland1994" class="citation book cs1">Zweifel, John; Buckland, Gail (1994). The White House in Miniature: Based on the White House Replica by John, Jan, and the Zweifel Fam. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-03663-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-03663-3"><bdi>978-0-393-03663-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+White+House+in+Miniature%3A+Based+on+the+White+House+Replica+by+John%2C+Jan%2C+and+the+Zweifel+Fam&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-393-03663-3&rft.aulast=Zweifel&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Buckland%2C+Gail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacqueline+Kennedy+Onassis" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Exhibition Catalogue, Sale 6834: The Estate of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis April 23–26, 1996. <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a>: 1996.</li> <li>The White House: An Historic Guide. <a href="/wiki/White_House_Historical_Association" title="White House Historical Association">White House Historical Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>: 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912308-79-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-912308-79-6">0-912308-79-6</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" class="extiw" title="q:Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/Life-of-Jacqueline-B-Kennedy.aspx">Life of Jacqueline B. Kennedy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/first-families/jacqueline-lee-bouvier-kennedy/">Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firstladies.c-span.org/FirstLady/37/Jacqueline-Kennedy.aspx">Jacqueline Kennedy</a> at <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>'s <a href="/wiki/First_Ladies:_Influence_%26_Image" title="First Ladies: Influence & Image">First Ladies: Influence & Image</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=36">Jackie Kennedy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170523150207/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=36">Archived</a> May 23, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the National First Ladies' Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190430203019/https://www.livingtrustnetwork.com/estate-planning-center/last-will-and-testament/wills-of-the-rich-and-famous/last-will-and-testament-of-jacqueline-kennedy-onassis.html">The Last Will and Testament of Jacqueline K. Onassis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0448080/">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?33132">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" title="Mamie Eisenhower">Mamie Eisenhower</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> 1961–1963 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Template:Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Template talk:Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Farm" title="Hammersmith Farm">Hammersmith Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Hill_(McLean,_Virginia)" title="Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia)">Hickory Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Compound" title="Kennedy Compound">Kennedy Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Querida_(mansion)" title="La Querida (mansion)">La Querida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wexford_(Marshall,_Virginia)" title="Wexford (Marshall, Virginia)">Wexford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1040_Fifth_Avenue" title="1040 Fifth Avenue">1040 Fifth Avenue</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1961–1963)">First Lady of the United States</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#White_House_restoration">White House restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Tour_of_the_White_House_with_Mrs._John_F._Kennedy" title="A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy">Televised White House tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy%27s_1962_goodwill_tour_of_India_and_Pakistan" title="Jacqueline Kennedy's 1962 goodwill tour of India and Pakistan">Tour of India and Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Historical_Association" title="White House Historical Association">White House Historical Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Curator" title="White House Office of the Curator">White House Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Preservation_of_the_White_House" title="Committee for the Preservation of the White House">Committee for the Preservation of the White House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">State funeral of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Eternal_Flame" title="John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame">Eternal Flame and burial site</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Silver_Pitcher_presented_to_White_House_%28Portrait%29.jpg/111px-Silver_Pitcher_presented_to_White_House_%28Portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Silver_Pitcher_presented_to_White_House_%28Portrait%29.jpg/167px-Silver_Pitcher_presented_to_White_House_%28Portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Silver_Pitcher_presented_to_White_House_%28Portrait%29.jpg/222px-Silver_Pitcher_presented_to_White_House_%28Portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1374" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fashion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Jacqueline_Bouvier" title="Wedding dress of Jacqueline Bouvier">Wedding dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apricot_dress_of_Jacqueline_Kennedy" title="Apricot dress of Jacqueline Kennedy">Apricot dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Chanel_suit_of_Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy" title="Pink Chanel suit of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy">Pink Chanel suit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honors and memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Garden" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Garden">Jacqueline Kennedy Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis_High_School_for_International_Careers" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis_Reservoir" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis_School" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School ballet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Cultural depictions of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Cultural depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_O_(opera)" title="Jackie O (opera)">Jackie O</a> (1997 opera)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_(2016_film)" title="Jackie (2016 film)">Jackie</a> (2016 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (first husband, <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">presidency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle_Onassis" title="Aristotle Onassis">Aristotle Onassis</a> (second husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline Kennedy</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="John F. Kennedy Jr.">John F. Kennedy Jr.</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bouvier_Kennedy" title="Patrick Bouvier Kennedy">Patrick Bouvier Kennedy</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Schlossberg" title="Jack Schlossberg">Jack Schlossberg</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Schlossberg" title="Rose Schlossberg">Rose Schlossberg</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Tatiana Schlossberg</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vernou_Bouvier_III" title="John Vernou Bouvier III">John Vernou Bouvier III</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Lee_Bouvier" title="Janet Lee Bouvier">Janet Lee Bouvier</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Radziwill" title="Lee Radziwill">Lee Radziwill</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_D._Auchincloss" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh D. Auchincloss">Hugh D. Auchincloss</a> (stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Auchincloss_Rutherfurd" title="Janet Auchincloss Rutherfurd">Janet Auchincloss Rutherfurd</a> (half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Ewing_Bouvier_Beale" title="Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale">Edith Ewing Bouvier</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Bouvier_Beale" title="Edith Bouvier Beale">Edith Bouvier Beale</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Lee" title="James T. Lee">James T. Lee</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vernou_Bouvier_Jr." title="John Vernou Bouvier Jr.">John Vernou Bouvier Jr.</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushinka" title="Pushinka">Pushinka</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_and_Debbie" title="Billie and Debbie">Billie and Debbie</a> (hamsters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_(horse)" title="Sardar (horse)">Sardar</a> (horse)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_ladies_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_First_Ladies" title="Template:US First Ladies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_First_Ladies" title="Template talk:US First Ladies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_First_Ladies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US First Ladies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_ladies_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="List of first ladies of the United States">First ladies of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Jefferson_Randolph" title="Martha Jefferson Randolph">Martha Jefferson Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolley_Madison" title="Dolley Madison">Dolley Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Monroe" title="Elizabeth Monroe">Elizabeth Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Adams" title="Louisa Adams">Louisa Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Donelson" title="Emily Donelson">Emily Donelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Yorke_Jackson" title="Sarah Yorke Jackson">Sarah Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelica_Singleton_Van_Buren" title="Angelica Singleton Van Buren">Angelica Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Harrison" title="Anna Harrison">Anna Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Irwin_Harrison" title="Jane Irwin Harrison">Jane Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letitia_Christian_Tyler" title="Letitia Christian Tyler">Letitia Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Cooper_Tyler" title="Priscilla Cooper Tyler">Priscilla Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gardiner_Tyler" title="Julia Gardiner Tyler">Julia Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Childress_Polk" title="Sarah Childress Polk">Sarah Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Taylor" title="Margaret Taylor">Margaret Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Fillmore" title="Abigail Fillmore">Abigail Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Pierce" title="Jane Pierce">Jane Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Lane" title="Harriet Lane">Harriet Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Todd_Lincoln" title="Mary Todd Lincoln">Mary Todd Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_McCardle_Johnson" title="Eliza McCardle Johnson">Eliza Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Grant" title="Julia Grant">Julia Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Webb_Hayes" title="Lucy Webb Hayes">Lucy Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Garfield" title="Lucretia Garfield">Lucretia Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Arthur_McElroy" title="Mary Arthur McElroy">Mary McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Cleveland" title="Rose Cleveland">Rose Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cleveland" title="Frances Cleveland">Frances Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Harrison" title="Caroline Harrison">Caroline Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harrison_McKee" title="Mary Harrison McKee">Mary Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cleveland" title="Frances Cleveland">Frances Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Saxton_McKinley" title="Ida Saxton McKinley">Ida McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Roosevelt" title="Edith Roosevelt">Edith Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Herron_Taft" title="Helen Herron Taft">Helen Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Axson_Wilson" title="Ellen Axson Wilson">Ellen Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Margaret Woodrow Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wilson" title="Edith Wilson">Edith Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Harding" title="Florence Harding">Florence Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Coolidge" title="Grace Coolidge">Grace Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Henry_Hoover" title="Lou Henry Hoover">Lou Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Truman" title="Bess Truman">Bess Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" title="Mamie Eisenhower">Mamie Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacqueline Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Pat Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as First Lady of the United States">tenure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_United_States_presidential_spouses_and_first_ladies" title="Bibliography of United States presidential spouses and first ladies">bibliographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_family_of_the_United_States" title="First family of the United States">families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_First_Lady_of_the_United_States_firsts" title="List of First Lady of the United States firsts">firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memoirs_by_first_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="List of memoirs by first ladies of the United States">memoirs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Ladies_National_Historic_Site" title="First Ladies National Historic Site">National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:First ladies of the United States">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_F._Kennedy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_F._Kennedy" title="Template:John F. Kennedy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_F._Kennedy" title="Template talk:John F. Kennedy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_F._Kennedy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John F. Kennedy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_F._Kennedy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">35th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">U.S. Senator from Massachusetts</a> (1953–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">MA–11</a> (1947–1953)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_presidency" title="Timeline of the John F. Kennedy presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Inauguration of John F. Kennedy">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy#Administration,_Cabinet,_and_judicial_appointments_1961–63" title="John F. Kennedy">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="John F. Kennedy Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:John Fitzgerald Kennedy/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:John Fitzgerald Kennedy/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_or_granted_clemency_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#John_F._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the President of the United States">Presidential pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-100-X" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-100-X">Presidential limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/Y_Manitou" class="mw-redirect" title="S/Y Manitou">Presidential yacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolute_desk" title="Resolute desk">Resolute desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room" title="Situation Room">Situation Room</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_administration" title="Foreign policy of the John F. Kennedy administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Progress" title="Alliance for Progress">Alliance for Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_Control_and_Disarmament_Agency" title="Arms Control and Disarmament Agency">Arms Control and Disarmament Agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partial_Nuclear_Test_Ban_Treaty" title="Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty">Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_response" title="Flexible response">Flexible response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Expansion_Act" title="Trade Expansion Act">Trade Expansion Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_and_Refugee_Assistance_Act" title="Migration and Refugee Assistance Act">Migration and Refugee Assistance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">USAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War#The_Kennedy_years,_1961–63" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Project">Cuban Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXCOMM" title="EXCOMM">ExComm</a></li></ul></li> <li>Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow%E2%80%93Washington_hotline" title="Moscow–Washington hotline">Moscow–Washington hotline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_summit" title="Vienna summit">Vienna summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Frontier" title="New Frontier">New Frontier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Satellite_Act_of_1962" title="Communications Satellite Act of 1962">Communications Satellite Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Mental_Health_Act" title="Community Mental Health Act">Community Mental Health Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Pay_Act_of_1963" title="Equal Pay Act of 1963">Equal Pay Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11110" title="Executive Order 11110">Executive Order 11110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_10925" title="Executive Order 10925">Federal affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11063" title="Executive Order 11063">Federal housing segregation ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_march" title="Kennedy march">Fifty-mile hikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Peace" title="Food for Peace">Food for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program#Pilot_Food_Stamp_Program_(1961–1964)" title="Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program">Pilot Food Stamp Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Kennedy_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">Space policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="Presidential Commission on the Status of Women">Status of Women (Presidential Commission)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_in_the_Schoolhouse_Door" title="Stand in the Schoolhouse Door">University of Alabama integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_Education_Project" title="Voter Education Project">Voter Education Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Channel_Receiver_Act" title="All-Channel Receiver Act">All-Channel Receiver Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Pollution_Act_of_1961" title="Oil Pollution Act of 1961">Oil Pollution Act of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1962" title="Revenue Act of 1962">Revenue Act of 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Farm_and_Rural_Development_Act_of_1961" title="Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961">Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetlands_Loan_Act" title="Wetlands Loan Act">Wetlands Loan Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg/90px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg/135px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg/180px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_photo_portrait%2C_looking_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="970" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_F._Kennedy#The_inaugural_address" title="Inauguration of John F. Kennedy">Inaugural address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_University_speech" title="American University speech">American University speech</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Report_to_the_American_People_on_Civil_Rights" title="Report to the American People on Civil Rights">Report to the American People on Civil Rights</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ich_bin_ein_Berliner" title="Ich bin ein Berliner">Ich bin ein Berliner</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_rising_tide_lifts_all_boats" title="A rising tide lifts all boats">A rising tide lifts all boats</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remarks_at_Amherst_College_on_the_Arts" title="Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts">Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_30,_1961_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="January 30, 1961 State of the Union Address">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1962 State of the Union Address">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1963 State of the Union Address">1963</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Electoral history of John F. Kennedy">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>U.S. House of Representatives elections: <a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1946 United States House of Representatives elections">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1950 United States House of Representatives elections">1950</a></li> <li>U.S. Senate elections in Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1952 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1958 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1960 presidential primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_1960_presidential_campaign" title="John F. Kennedy 1960 presidential campaign">1960 presidential campaign</a></li> <li>Democratic National Conventions: <a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">U.S. presidential election 1960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1960 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_National_Historic_Site" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site">Birthplace and childhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Compound" title="Kennedy Compound">Kennedy Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Hill_(McLean,_Virginia)" title="Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia)">Hickory Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Querida_(mansion)" title="La Querida (mansion)">La Querida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wexford_(Marshall,_Virginia)" title="Wexford (Marshall, Virginia)">Wexford</a></li> <li>Navy service: <a href="/wiki/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-109" title="Patrol torpedo boat PT-109">PT-109</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biuku_Gasa_and_Eroni_Kumana" title="Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana">Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Reginald_Evans" title="Arthur Reginald Evans">Arthur Evans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_torpedo_boat_PT-59" title="Patrol torpedo boat PT-59">PT-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hot_Springs_(Arizona)" title="Castle Hot Springs (Arizona)">Castle Hot Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Farm" title="Hammersmith Farm">Hammersmith Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King#John_F._Kennedy_phone_call" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King phone call</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Happy_Birthday,_Mr._President" title="Happy Birthday, Mr. President">Happy Birthday, Mr. President</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_document_hoax" title="John F. Kennedy document hoax">John F. Kennedy document hoax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Why_England_Slept" title="Why England Slept">Why England Slept (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage" title="Profiles in Courage">Profiles in Courage (1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Nation_of_Immigrants" title="A Nation of Immigrants">A Nation of Immigrants (1958)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Death</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination" title="Timeline of the John F. Kennedy assassination">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Media coverage of the assassination of John F. Kennedy">media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Reactions to the assassination of John F. Kennedy">reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_in_popular_culture" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy in popular culture">in popular culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">State funeral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Jack_(horse)" title="Black Jack (horse)">Riderless horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dignitaries_at_the_state_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of dignitaries at the state funeral of John F. Kennedy">attending dignitaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Eternal_Flame" title="John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame">Gravesite and Eternal Flame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Bibliography of John F. Kennedy">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Profile_in_Courage_Award" title="Profile in Courage Award">Profile in Courage Award</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fourth Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11 Moon landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" title="Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Round" title="Kennedy Round">Kennedy Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmeriCorps_VISTA" title="AmeriCorps VISTA">VISTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy">Cultural depictions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_John_F._Kennedy" title="Category:Films about John F. Kennedy">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_cents_John_Kennedy" title="Five cents John Kennedy">U.S. five cent stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Kennedy_coincidences_urban_legend" title="Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences urban legend">Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sail" title="Operation Sail">Operation Sail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of things named after John F. Kennedy">Memorials, namesakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Federal_Building" title="John F. Kennedy Federal Building">John F. Kennedy Federal Building (Boston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_John_F._Kennedy_(Boston)" title="Statue of John F. Kennedy (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial_(Brooklyn)" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial (Brooklyn)">Brooklyn bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_Memorial" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial">Dallas memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial_(Hyannis,_Massachusetts)" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial (Hyannis, Massachusetts)">Hyannis memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial,_London" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial, London">London bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_John_F._Kennedy_(Nashua,_New_Hampshire)" title="Bust of John F. Kennedy (Nashua, New Hampshire)">Nashua bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_Memorial_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial (Portland, Oregon)">Portland memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runnymede#John_F._Kennedy_Memorial" title="Runnymede">Runnymede memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Arboretum" title="John F. Kennedy Arboretum">John F. Kennedy Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Memorial_Bridge" title="John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge">John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Special_Warfare_Center_and_School" title="John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School">John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_University" title="John F. Kennedy University">John F. Kennedy University (defunct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Stadium_(Philadelphia)" title="John F. Kennedy Stadium (Philadelphia)">John F. Kennedy Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Expressway" title="Kennedy Expressway">Kennedy Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kennedy" title="Mount Kennedy">Mount Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_John_F._Kennedy" title="MV John F. Kennedy">MV John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_John_F._Kennedy_(CV-67)" title="USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)">USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_John_F._Kennedy_(CVN-79)" title="USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79)">USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad_Kennedy" title="Yad Kennedy">Yad Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacqueline Bouvier</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline Kennedy</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="John F. Kennedy Jr.">John F. Kennedy Jr.</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bouvier_Kennedy" title="Patrick Bouvier Kennedy">Patrick Bouvier Kennedy</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Schlossberg" title="Rose Schlossberg">Rose Schlossberg</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Schlossberg" title="Tatiana Schlossberg">Tatiana Schlossberg</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Schlossberg" title="Jack Schlossberg">Jack Schlossberg</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Kennedy" title="Rose Kennedy">Rose Fitzgerald</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Jr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Kennedy" title="Rosemary Kennedy">Rosemary Kennedy</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Cavendish,_Marchioness_of_Hartington" title="Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington">Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Kennedy_Lawford" title="Patricia Kennedy Lawford">Patricia Kennedy Lawford</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kennedy_Smith" title="Jean Kennedy Smith">Jean Kennedy Smith</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._J._Kennedy" title="P. J. Kennedy">P. J. Kennedy</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">John F. Fitzgerald</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushinka" title="Pushinka">Pushinka</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_and_Debbie" title="Billie and Debbie">Billie and Debbie</a> (hamsters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_(horse)" title="Sardar (horse)">Sardar</a> (horse)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">← Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:John_F._Kennedy" title="Category:John F. Kennedy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kennedy_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_family" title="Template:Kennedy family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kennedy_family" title="Template talk:Kennedy family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kennedy_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">I.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P._J._Kennedy_(1858–1929)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/P._J._Kennedy" title="P. J. Kennedy">P. J. Kennedy</a> (1858–1929)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (m.) <a href="/wiki/Rose_Kennedy" title="Rose Kennedy">Rose Fitzgerald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg/113px-Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="588" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">II.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr._(1888–1969)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.</a> (1888–1969)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Jr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.</a></li> <li>John F. Kennedy (m.) <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacqueline Bouvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Kennedy" title="Rosemary Kennedy">Rosemary Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Cavendish,_Marchioness_of_Hartington" title="Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (m.) <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_Marquess_of_Hartington" title="William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington">William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington</a></li> <li>Eunice Kennedy (m.) <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a></li> <li>Patricia Kennedy (m./div.) <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lawford" title="Peter Lawford">Peter Lawford</a></li> <li>Robert F. Kennedy (m.) <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Kennedy" title="Ethel Kennedy">Ethel Skakel</a></li> <li>Jean Kennedy (m.) <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Edward_Smith" title="Stephen Edward Smith">Stephen Edward Smith</a></li> <li>Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy (m./div. 1st) <a href="/wiki/Joan_Bennett_Kennedy" title="Joan Bennett Kennedy">Joan Bennett</a>; (m. 2nd) <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Reggie_Kennedy" title="Victoria Reggie Kennedy">Victoria Reggie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">III.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1917–1963)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline Kennedy</a> (m.) <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Schlossberg" title="Edwin Schlossberg">Edwin Schlossberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="John F. Kennedy Jr.">John F. Kennedy Jr.</a> (m.) <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bessette-Kennedy" title="Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy">Carolyn Bessette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bouvier_Kennedy" title="Patrick Bouvier Kennedy">Patrick Bouvier Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a> (1921–2009)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Shriver" title="Bobby Shriver">Bobby Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Shriver" title="Maria Shriver">Maria Shriver</a> (m./div.) <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Shriver" title="Timothy Shriver">Timothy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Mark Kennedy Shriver">Mark Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shriver" title="Anthony Shriver">Anthony Shriver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Kennedy_Lawford" title="Patricia Kennedy Lawford">Patricia Kennedy Lawford</a> (1924–2006)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lawford" title="Christopher Lawford">Christopher Lawford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (1925–1968)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_Townsend" title="Kathleen Kennedy Townsend">Kathleen Kennedy Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">Joseph P. Kennedy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> (m./sep.) <a href="/wiki/Mary_Richardson_Kennedy" title="Mary Richardson Kennedy">Mary Richardson</a> (m. 3rd) <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Hines" title="Cheryl Hines">Cheryl Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_LeMoyne_Kennedy" title="Michael LeMoyne Kennedy">Michael LeMoyne Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Kennedy" title="Kerry Kennedy">Kerry Kennedy</a> (m./div.) <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_G._Kennedy" title="Christopher G. Kennedy">Christopher G. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kennedy" title="Max Kennedy">Max Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harriman_Kennedy" title="Douglas Harriman Kennedy">Douglas Harriman Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Kennedy" title="Rory Kennedy">Rory Kennedy</a> (m.) <a href="/wiki/Mark_Bailey_(writer)" title="Mark Bailey (writer)">Mark Bailey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kennedy_Smith" title="Jean Kennedy Smith">Jean Kennedy Smith</a> (1928–2020)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_Smith" title="William Kennedy Smith">William Kennedy Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> (1932–2009)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Kennedy" title="Kara Kennedy">Kara Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Kennedy_Jr." title="Edward M. Kennedy Jr.">Edward M. Kennedy Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Kennedy" title="Patrick J. Kennedy">Patrick J. Kennedy</a> (m.) <a href="/wiki/Amy_Kennedy" title="Amy Kennedy">Amy Savell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IV.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Schlossberg" title="Rose Schlossberg">Rose Kennedy Schlossberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Schlossberg" title="Tatiana Schlossberg">Tatiana Celia Kennedy Schlossberg </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Schlossberg" title="Jack Schlossberg">John Bouvier Kennedy Schlossberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Schwarzenegger" title="Katherine Schwarzenegger">Katherine Schwarzenegger</a> (m.) <a href="/wiki/Chris_Pratt" title="Chris Pratt">Chris Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Schwarzenegger" title="Patrick Schwarzenegger">Patrick Schwarzenegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Joseph P. Kennedy III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeve_Kennedy_McKean" title="Maeve Kennedy McKean">Maeve Kennedy McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kennedy_Jr." title="Max Kennedy Jr.">Max Kennedy Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Hill_(McLean,_Virginia)" title="Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia)">Hickory Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Compound" title="Kennedy Compound">Kennedy Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_curse" title="Kennedy curse">Kennedy curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchandise_Mart" title="Merchandise Mart">Merchandise Mart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kennedys_(museum)" title="The Kennedys (museum)">The Kennedys (museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kennedys_(miniseries)" title="The Kennedys (miniseries)">The Kennedys (miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kennedys:_After_Camelot" title="The Kennedys: After Camelot">The Kennedys: After Camelot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Category</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kennedy_family" title="Category:Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>m. = married; div. = divorced; sep. = separated.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Template:Assassination of John F. Kennedy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Template talk:Assassination of John F. Kennedy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Assassination of John F. Kennedy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_assassination_rifle" title="John F. Kennedy assassination rifle">Assassination rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination" title="Timeline of the John F. Kennedy assassination">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._D._Tippit" title="J. D. Tippit">J. D. Tippit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">John Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Connally" title="Nellie Connally">Nellie Connally</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacqueline Kennedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Chanel_suit_of_Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy" title="Pink Chanel suit of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy">Pink Chanel suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tague" title="James Tague">James Tague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Greer" title="William Greer">William Greer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Kellerman" title="Roy Kellerman">Roy Kellerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Hill_(Secret_Service)" title="Clint Hill (Secret Service)">Clint Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapruder_film" title="Zapruder film">Zapruder film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Zapruder" title="Abraham Zapruder">Abraham Zapruder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dealey_Plaza" title="Dealey Plaza">Dealey Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_School_Book_Depository" title="Texas School Book Depository">Texas School Book Depository</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Floor_Museum_at_Dealey_Plaza" title="Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza">Sixth Floor Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-100-X" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-100-X">Presidential limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkland_Memorial_Hospital" title="Parkland Memorial Hospital">Parkland Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Witnesses_to_the_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Category:Witnesses to the assassination of John F. Kennedy">Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Altgens" title="Ike Altgens">Ike Altgens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Bowers" title="Lee Bowers">Lee Bowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hill" title="Jean Hill">Jean Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Muchmore" title="Marie Muchmore">Marie Muchmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orville_Nix" title="Orville Nix">Orville Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_tramps" title="Three tramps">Three tramps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babushka_Lady" title="Babushka Lady">Babushka Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Moorman" title="Mary Moorman">Mary Moorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella_man_(JFK_assassination)" title="Umbrella man (JFK assassination)">Umbrella man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Media coverage of the assassination of John F. Kennedy">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autopsy_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Autopsy of John F. Kennedy">Autopsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Reactions to the assassination of John F. Kennedy">Reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Ruby" title="Jack Ruby">Jack Ruby</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Ruby_Shoots_Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Jack Ruby Shoots Lee Harvey Oswald">Jack Ruby Shoots Lee Harvey Oswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubenstein_v._State" title="Rubenstein v. State">Ruby v. Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_assassination_Dictabelt_recording" title="John F. Kennedy assassination Dictabelt recording">Dictabelt recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._McClelland" title="Robert N. McClelland">Robert N. McClelland (surgeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Baxter" title="Charles R. Baxter">Charles Baxter (physician)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Perry_(physician)" title="Malcolm Perry (physician)">Malcolm Perry (physician)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Rose_(coroner)" title="Earl Rose (coroner)">Earl Rose (coroner)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_Memorial" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial">Dallas memorial</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories">Conspiracy theories</a>' <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badge_Man" title="Badge Man">Badge Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory" title="CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory">CIA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-bullet_theory" title="Single-bullet theory">Single-bullet theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_John_F._Kennedy_Assassination_Records_Collection_Act_of_1992" title="President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992">1992 Assassination Records Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy_in_popular_culture" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">State funeral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dignitaries_at_the_state_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of dignitaries at the state funeral of John F. Kennedy">Foreign dignitaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Eternal_Flame" title="John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame">Burial site and Eternal Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Jack_(horse)" title="Black Jack (horse)">Black Jack (horse)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Clay_Shaw" title="Trial of Clay Shaw">Jim Garrison investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Assassinations" title="United States House Select Committee on Assassinations">House Select Committee on Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Researchers_of_the_assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Category:Researchers of the assassination of John F. Kennedy">Researchers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Paine_Home" title="Ruth Paine Home">Ruth Paine Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald_Rooming_House" title="Lee Harvey Oswald Rooming House">Lee Harvey Oswald Rooming House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Category:Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165421#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165421#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165421#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012148740X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/117604909">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/693/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcBYYGj9BmKkmMjkkYkjC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118561375">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50002974">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12213645b">France</a></li><li><a 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