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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Bitamina" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Bitamina" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Bitamina" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Bitamina" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Izena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Izena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ezaugarriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ezaugarriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ezaugarriak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ezaugarriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sailkapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sailkapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sailkapena</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sailkapena-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Sailkapena azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sailkapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bitamina_liposolugarriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bitamina_liposolugarriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bitamina liposolugarriak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bitamina_liposolugarriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bitamina_hidrosolugarriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bitamina_hidrosolugarriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Bitamina hidrosolugarriak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bitamina_hidrosolugarriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elikadura:_gehigitasuna_eta_urritasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elikadura:_gehigitasuna_eta_urritasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Elikadura: gehigitasuna eta urritasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elikadura:_gehigitasuna_eta_urritasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bitamina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 121 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">121 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamien" title="Vitamien – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vitamien" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="فيتامين – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيتامين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ভিটামিন – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভিটামিন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina" title="Vitamina – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vitamina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaminl%C9%99r" title="Vitaminlər – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vitaminlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Витаминдар – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Витаминдар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitamina" title="Bitamina – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bitamina" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Вітаміны – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вітаміны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Вітаміны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вітаміны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Витамин – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Витамин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="विटामिन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विटामिन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ভিটামিন – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিটামিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamini" title="Vitamini – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vitamini" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina" title="Vitamina – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vitamina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AC-s%C4%95ng-s%C3%B3" title="Mì-sĕng-só – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mì-sĕng-só" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ڤیتامین – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤیتامین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitam%C3%ADn" title="Vitamín – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vitamín" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Витаминсем – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Витаминсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitamin" title="Fitamin – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fitamin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="भिटामिन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भिटामिन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ވިޓަމިން – dhivehia" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވިޓަމިން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="dhivehia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Βιταμίνη – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιταμίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamino" title="Vitamino – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vitamino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina" title="Vitamina – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vitamina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamiinid" title="Vitamiinid – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vitamiinid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ویتامین – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویتامین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamiini" title="Vitamiini – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vitamiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamine" title="Vitamine – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vitamine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witamiin" title="Witamiin – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Witamiin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitim%C3%ADn" title="Vitimín – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Vitimín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina" title="Vitamina – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vitamina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%AD-ta-m%C3%ACn" title="Ví-ta-mìn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ví-ta-mìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ויטמין – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויטמין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="विटामिन – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विटामिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamini" title="Vitamini – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vitamini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Վիտամին – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիտամին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կենսանիւթեր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կենսանիւթեր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina" title="Vitamina – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vitamina" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADtam%C3%ADn" title="Vítamín – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vítamín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamine" title="Vitamine – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vitamine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3" title="ビタミン – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビタミン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ვიტამინები – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიტამინები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%99%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Дәрумен – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дәрумен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93" title="វីតាមីន – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វីតាមីន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಜೀವಸತ್ವಗಳು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವಸತ್ವಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%83%80%EB%AF%BC" title="비타민 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비타민" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%90%D9%86" title="وایٹامِن – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="وایٹامِن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Витаминдер – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Витаминдер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaminum" title="Vitaminum – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vitaminum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaminn" title="Vitaminn – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vitaminn" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina" title="Vitamina – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vitamina" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ວິຕາມິນ – laosera" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວິຕາມິນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaminas" title="Vitaminas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vitaminas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitam%C4%ABni" title="Vitamīni – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vitamīni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaminina" title="Vitaminina – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vitaminina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Витамин – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Витамин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ജീവകം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീവകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="जीवनसत्त्व – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जीवनसत्त्व" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဗီတာမင် – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗီတာမင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="भिटामिन – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भिटामिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamine" title="Vitamine – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vitamine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamine" title="Vitamine – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Vitamine" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina" title="Vitamina – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vitamina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0" title="ଜୀବସାର – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜୀବସାର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਿਟਾਮਿਨ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਟਾਮਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witaminy" title="Witaminy – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Witaminy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86" title="وٹامن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وٹامن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ويټامين – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويټامين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina" title="Vitamina – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vitamina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin%C4%83" title="Vitamină – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vitamină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Витамины – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Витамины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Витамин – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Витамин" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Битэмииннэр – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Битэмииннэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina" title="Vitamina – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vitamina" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="විටමින් – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විටමින්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitam%C3%ADn" title="Vitamín – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vitamín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiitamiin" title="Fiitamiin – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Fiitamiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina" title="Vitamina – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitamina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamini" title="Vitamini – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vitamini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="உயிர்ச்சத்து – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிர்ச்சத்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="విటమిన్ – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విటమిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Витаминҳо – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Витаминҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="วิตามิน – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิตามิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witaminler" title="Witaminler – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Witaminler" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitamina" title="Bitamina – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bitamina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Витаминнар – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Витаминнар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Витаминнер – tuvera" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Витаминнер" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Вітаміни – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вітаміни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="حیاتین – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیاتین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaminlar" title="Vitaminlar – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vitaminlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vitamin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamene" title="Vitamene – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vitamene" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitamina" title="Bitamina – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bitamina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="维生素 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="维生素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ვიტამინეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვიტამინეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F" title="וויטאמין – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וויטאמין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80m%C3%ADn%C3%ACam%C3%A1ral%C3%B3kun" title="Àmínìamáralókun – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àmínìamáralókun" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="维生素 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维生素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AE-t%C3%A1-b%C3%ADn" title="Bî-tá-bín – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bî-tá-bín" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BB%96%E5%91%BD" title="維他命 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維他命" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34956#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bitamina" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:Bitamina&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bitamina"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bitamina"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Bitamina" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Bitamina" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&oldid=9313347" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Bitamina&id=9313347&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBitamina"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBitamina"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bitamina"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bitamina&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vitamin" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34956" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" 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dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:All-trans-Retinol2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/All-trans-Retinol2.svg/300px-All-trans-Retinol2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/All-trans-Retinol2.svg/450px-All-trans-Retinol2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/All-trans-Retinol2.svg/600px-All-trans-Retinol2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="141" /></a><figcaption>A bitaminaren formula</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bitaminak</b> organismo bizidunetan zenbait erreakzio metaboliko gerta daitezen behar-beharrezkoak diren sustantzia organikoak dira. Oso kopuru txikiak behar izaten diren arren, <a href="/wiki/Gizaki" title="Gizaki">giza</a> gorputzak sintetizatu ezin dituenez, ezinbesteko mantenugaiak dira, hau da, behar-beharrezkoa da <a href="/wiki/Janari" class="mw-redirect" title="Janari">elikagaien</a> bidez sustantzia hauek jasotzea osasuntsu egoteko. </p><p>Gorputzean funtzio erregulatzailea betetzen dute bitaminek entzimen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kofaktore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kofaktore (sortu gabe)">kofaktore</a> lana eginez, <a href="/wiki/Koentzima" title="Koentzima">koentzima</a> gisa edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talde_prostetiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talde prostetiko (sortu gabe)">talde prostetiko</a> gisa. Honela, bizidunen oinarrizko funtzioetan parte hartzen dute, <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">metabolismoan</a>, mineralen orekan, eta egitura eta ehunen kontserbazioan esaterako. Ez diote <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energiarik</a> ematen organismoari eta egitura funtziorik ere ez dute betetzen. </p><p>Bitaminen eskasiak <a href="/wiki/Abitaminosi" title="Abitaminosi">abitaminosi</a> izeneko gaixotasun larriak eragin ditzake. Bestalde, zenbait bitamina behar baino gehiago hartzeak ere ondorio txarrak dakartza, <a href="/wiki/Hiperbitaminosi" title="Hiperbitaminosi">hiperbitaminosia</a> eraginez. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913an</a> <a href="/wiki/Casimir_Funk" title="Casimir Funk">Casimir Funk</a> poloniarrak bitaminak deskribatu zituen lehen aldiz. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right; font-size:90%; margin-left:15px"> <caption>Bitaminen aurkikuntza urteak eta iturriak </caption> <tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe6"> <th>Aurkikuntza urtea</th> <th>Bitamina</th> <th>Janari iturria </th></tr> <tr> <td>1913</td> <td>A bitamina (<a href="/wiki/A_bitamina" title="A bitamina">Erretinola</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bakailao_gibelaren_olio" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakailao gibelaren olio">bakailao gibelaren olioa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1910</td> <td>B<sub>1</sub> bitamina (<a href="/wiki/Tiamina" title="Tiamina">Tiamina</a>)</td> <td>Arroz zahia </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920</td> <td>C bitamina(<a href="/wiki/C_bitamina" title="C bitamina">Azido askorbikoa</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Garrazki" class="mw-redirect" title="Garrazki">Zitrikoak</a>, janari fresko gehienak </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920</td> <td>D bitamina (<a href="/wiki/D_bitamina" title="D bitamina">Kaltziferola</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bakailao_gibelaren_olio" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakailao gibelaren olio">bakailao gibelaren olioa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920</td> <td>B<sub>2</sub> bitamina (<a href="/wiki/B2_bitamina" title="B2 bitamina">Erriboflabina</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Okela" title="Okela">Okela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrautza" title="Arrautza">Arrautzak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1922</td> <td><a href="/wiki/E_bitamina" title="E bitamina">E bitamina</a> (<a href="/wiki/E_bitamina" title="E bitamina">Tokoferola</a>)</td> <td>Gari hozi olioa </td></tr> <tr> <td>1926</td> <td><a href="/wiki/B12_bitamina" title="B12 bitamina">B<sub>12</sub> bitamina</a> (Kobalamina)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gibel" title="Gibel">Gibela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrautza" title="Arrautza">Arrautzak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1929</td> <td>K<sub>1</sub> bitamina (<a href="/wiki/Filokinona" title="Filokinona">Filokinona</a>)</td> <td>Barazki berde hostozabalak </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931</td> <td>B<sub>5</sub> bitamina (<a href="/wiki/B5_bitamina" title="B5 bitamina">Azido pantotenikoa</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Okela" title="Okela">Okela</a>, Osoko zerealak </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931</td> <td>B<sub>7</sub> bitamina (<a href="/wiki/B8_bitamina" title="B8 bitamina">Biotina</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Okela" title="Okela">Okela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esneki" title="Esneki">esnekiak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrautza" title="Arrautza">Arrautzak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1934</td> <td>B<sub>6</sub> bitamina (<a href="/wiki/B6_bitamina" title="B6 bitamina">Piridoxina</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Okela" title="Okela">Okela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esneki" title="Esneki">esnekiak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936</td> <td>B<sub>3</sub> bitamina (<a href="/wiki/B3_bitamina" title="B3 bitamina">Niazina</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Okela" title="Okela">Okela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrautza" title="Arrautza">Arrautzak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941</td> <td>B<sub>9</sub> bitamina (<a href="/wiki/Azido_foliko" title="Azido foliko">Azido folikoa</a>)</td> <td>Barazki berde hostozabalak </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Bitaminen aurkikuntza, eta <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">metabolismoan</a> duten funtzioaren ezagutza, XX. mendeko aurkikuntza handienetakoa izan dela esan ohi da, nahiz eta bitaminen historiak <a href="/wiki/Eskorbuto" title="Eskorbuto">eskorbuto</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Beriberi" title="Beriberi">beriberi</a> eritasunekin zerikusia duen, neurri handi batean. Eskorbutoa <a href="/wiki/Gurutzadak" title="Gurutzadak">gurutzadako</a> soldaduen bidailagun izan zen XIII. mendetik aurrera, baita itsasgizonena ere, itsas zabalean bidaia luzeak egiten hasi zirenetik beretik; <a href="/wiki/Juan_Sebastian_Elkano" title="Juan Sebastian Elkano">Joan Sebastian Elkano</a> esaterako, eskorbutoak jota hil zen Ozeano Barera egin zuen bigarren bidaian. </p><p>Gizakiak fruiturik eta barazki freskorik jan gabe egonaldi luzeak egiten dituenean, arazo ugari sortzen dira <a href="/wiki/C_bitamina" title="C bitamina">C bitaminaren</a> eskasia dela-eta, eta egoera horrek, azkenean, heriotza dakar. </p><p>Beriberia eritasun arrunta zen japoniar itsasgizonen artean. Haien dieta azalik gabeko arrozean oinarritzen zen, alegia, tiamina (B) bitaminarik gabekoa zen (bitamina 12 hori laborearen azalean izaten da). Arrozaren azalarekin egindako botikaz sendatzen zen, hain zuzen, eritasun hura. Beraz, antzina ere bazekiten zenbait eritasun elikagaiekin sendatzen zirela, baina ez zuten haren zergatiaren berri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izena">Izena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Izena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bitaminen izena <a href="/wiki/Tiamina" title="Tiamina">tiaminatik</a> dator, hura izan baitzen aurkitu zuten lehena (bitamina, bizitzeko ezinbestekoa den <a href="/wiki/Amina" title="Amina">amina</a>); dena dela, gaur egun jakin badakigu bitamina izenaz elkarren artean harremanik ez duten gai elkartu organikoen multzo bat izendatzen dela, eta <a href="/wiki/Dieta" title="Dieta">dietan</a> beharrezkoak direla, oso dosi txikietan bada ere, metabolismoak egoki lan egiteko eta osasuntsu egoteko. Beraz, hitz horrekin ez dira adierazten antzekoak diren gai elkartuak, baizik eta funtzio metaboliko antzekoak betetzen dituzten gaiak. Bitaminak, zenbaitetan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Probitamina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Probitamina (sortu gabe)">probitamina</a> gisa hartzen dira janarietan, hau da, animalien metabolismoak ondoren bitamina bihurtzen dituen molekula gisa. </p><p>Bitaminak alfabetoko lehen letren bidez adierazten dira, edo bitamina horren eskasiak sortzen duen eritasunaren aipamena egiten duen izenaren bidez bestela. Askotan letra bera dute bitamina batek baino gehiagok, baina azpi-indize desberdina. Bitamina horiek antzeko ezaugarriak eta antzeko osaera dute, eta gai bakar bezala hartu ziren hasieran (adibidez, B multzoko bitaminak), baina sustantzia bat baino gehiago zirela egiaztatu zen gero. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ezaugarriak">Ezaugarriak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ezaugarriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ezaugarriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bitamina horietako asko <a href="/wiki/Koentzima" title="Koentzima">koentzimak</a> dira, hau da, entzimekin batera jarduten dute izaki bizidunen <a href="/wiki/Erreakzio_kimiko" title="Erreakzio kimiko">erreakzio kimikoak</a> bizkortzeko. Beste bitamina asko koentzimen aitzindari dira, eta beste batzuek, berriz, goi mailako animalien funtzio espezializatuetan parte hartzen dute. <a href="/wiki/B3_bitamina" title="B3 bitamina">Niazina</a> (B multzoko bitamina), esate baterako, NAD +-aren (<a href="/wiki/Arnasketa#Arnasketa_zelularra" title="Arnasketa">zelularen arnasketan</a> eta beste prozesuetan ezinbestekoa den elektroi-garraiatzailea) osagaietako bat da. </p><p>Animalia guztiek ez dituzte bitamina berak behar, nahiz eta animalia eta landare gehienek bitamina berak behar dituzten metabolismoaren jardunerako. Bestalde, litekeena da animalia multzo guztiek behar izatea bitaminak, animalia <a href="/wiki/Zelulabakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Zelulabakar">zelulabakarretatik</a> hasi eta <a href="/wiki/Organismo_zelulaniztun" title="Organismo zelulaniztun">zelulanitz</a> konplexuetaraino. Tiamina, esaterako, garrantzizkoa da bai <a href="/wiki/Protozoo" title="Protozoo">protozooentzat</a> bai gizakientzat; C bitamina, adibidez, behar-beharrezkoa dute zenbait protozook, zenbait <a href="/wiki/Intsektu" title="Intsektu">intsektuk</a> eta zenbait <a href="/wiki/Hegazti" title="Hegazti">hegaztik</a>. </p><p>Baina organismo batentzat oinarrizkoa den bitamina bat ez da nahitaez oinarrizkoa beste batentzat ere, bi arrazoirengatik: edo bigarren organismo hori gauza da bitamina berez sintetizatzeko, edo ez du bitamina horren beharrik. Beraz, izaki bizidun guztiek ez dituzte bitaminak kanpotik hartu behar: landareak gauza dira behar dituzten bitaminak sintetizatzeko; arratoiak eta hegaztiak gauza dira C bitamina sintetizatzeko, eta <a href="/wiki/Hausnarkari" title="Hausnarkari">hausnarkariek</a> B multzoko bitaminak sintetizatzen dituzte. Bitaminen azken iturria landareak eta bakterioak dira, eta elikagaien bidez lortzen dira, edo bestela, hesteetako bakterio sinbiotikoek sortzen dituzte hondakin gai gisa (k bita- 3 mina). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Cobalamin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cobalamin.svg/200px-Cobalamin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cobalamin.svg/300px-Cobalamin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cobalamin.svg/400px-Cobalamin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption>B12 bitaminaren egitura molekularra</figcaption></figure> <p>Bitaminaren egitura kimikoa askotarikoa da eta, oro har, oso konplexua. Bitamina liposolbagarri guztiak gai elkartu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoprenoide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoprenoide (sortu gabe)">isoprenoideak</a> dira; A bitamina esaterako, bi eratan azaltzen den diterpenoa da, A 1 eta A 2 ; K bitamina, berriz, K 1 , K 2 , K 3 eta K 4 bitaminek osatzen duten multzo bat da, eta D bitaminak hainbat <a href="/wiki/Esterol" title="Esterol">esterol</a> biltzen ditu (D 2 , D 3 , D 4 , D 5 eta D 6 bitaminak). B 12 bitamina da ezagutzen den egiturarik konplexuena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sailkapena">Sailkapena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sailkapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Sailkapena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Disolbagarritasunaren arabera, bi mota bereizten dira: liposolugarriak eta hidrosolugarriak </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bitamina_liposolugarriak">Bitamina liposolugarriak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bitamina liposolugarriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bitamina liposolugarriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terpenoak edo esteroideak dira, uretan ezin solba daitezke, baina bai lipidoen solbatzaileetan (gantzak); horregatik, gai horien ezaugarriak dituzte. Alegia, funtzio anitzekoak dira, ez dira koentzimak eta hainbat animaliaren funtzio fisiologiko berezietan eta hainbat jardunetan parte hartzen dute. Esate baterako, ornodunetan faktore koagulatzaile baten osakeran parte hartzen dute (K bitamina), edo kaltzioaren eta fosforoaren absortzioan (D bitamina), edo ikusmeneko pigmentu baten osaketan (A bitamina). </p><p>Elikagaien gantzetan daude, eta gorputzak era egokian xurga ditzan, beharrezkoa da pankreak eta behazun xixkuak beren lana ongi egitea. Gorputzean metatu daitezke. </p><p>Mota honetakoak dira: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_bitamina" title="A bitamina">A bitamina</a> edo erretinola</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D_bitamina" title="D bitamina">D bitamina</a> edo kolekaltziferola</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_bitamina" title="E bitamina">E bitamina</a> edo tokoferola</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K_bitamina" title="K bitamina">K bitamina</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bitamina_hidrosolugarriak">Bitamina hidrosolugarriak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bitamina hidrosolugarriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bitamina hidrosolugarriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uretan disolbagarriak dira eta tratamentu termiko arinekin deusezta daitezke. Ez dira orokorrean gorputzean metatzen eta <a href="/wiki/Iraitz-sistema" title="Iraitz-sistema">iraitz aparatuaren</a> bidez kanporatzen dira. </p><p>Koentzimak dira, edo horien aitzindari bestela; uretan urtzen dira. Mugikorrak dira, eta zabaltzeko ahalmen handia dute. Gehienek funtzio berberak betetzen dituzte edonon daudela ere. Faktore katalitikoak direnez gero, garrantzizko mailak osatzen dituzte edozein izaki bizidunen erreakzio biokimikoko kateetan. Horregatik, eta adibide gisa, energia sortzeko beharrezkoa da tiamina, azukreak aerobikoki oxidatzen diren guneetan. </p><p>Talde honetakoak dira: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiamina" title="Tiamina">B1 bitamina</a> edo tiamina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B2_bitamina" title="B2 bitamina">B2 bitamina</a> edo erriboflabina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B3_bitamina" title="B3 bitamina">B3 bitamina</a>, PP bitamina edo niazina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B5_bitamina" title="B5 bitamina">B5 bitamina</a> edo azido pantotenikoa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B6_bitamina" title="B6 bitamina">B6 bitamina</a> edo piridoxina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B8_bitamina" title="B8 bitamina">B8 bitamina</a>, H bitamina edo biotina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azido_foliko" title="Azido foliko">B9 bitamina</a>, M bitamina edo azido folikoa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B12_bitamina" title="B12 bitamina">B12 bitamina</a> edo zianokobalamina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_bitamina" title="C bitamina">C bitamina</a> edo azido askorbikoa</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elikadura:_gehigitasuna_eta_urritasuna">Elikadura: gehigitasuna eta urritasuna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Elikadura: gehigitasuna eta urritasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Elikadura: gehigitasuna eta urritasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bitaminak egunero hartu behar dira, guztiak eta dosi jakin batean; dosi horri <i>eguneko gomendatutako kantitatea</i> (EGK)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> esaten zaio. </p><p>Bitamina gutxi izateak (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipobitaminosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipobitaminosi (sortu gabe)">hipobitaminosia</a>), edo batere ez izateak (<a href="/wiki/Abitaminosi" title="Abitaminosi">abitaminosia</a>), hainbat eritasun ekar ditzake. Baina, hala uste ez bada ere, bitamina gehiegi izateak edo <a href="/wiki/Hiperbitaminosi" title="Hiperbitaminosi">hiperbitaminosiak</a>, bereziki liposolbagarrien gehiegitasunak, kalteak sor ditzake osasunean. Soberan dauden bitamina hidrosolbagarriak, soberako C bitamina adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Gernu" title="Gernu">gernuak</a> kanporatzen ditu, baina A eta D bitamina liposolbagarri gehiegizkoak gorputzaren <a href="/wiki/Gantz" title="Gantz">gantz</a> biltegietan pilatzen dira, eta horren ondorioz, <a href="/wiki/Gorako" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorako">gorakoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beherako" title="Beherako">beherakoa</a>, buruko mina, pisua gutxitzea, <a href="/wiki/Anorexia" class="mw-disambig" title="Anorexia">anorexia</a>, etab. sortzen dira. Eta emakume <a href="/wiki/Haurdunaldi" title="Haurdunaldi">haurdunek</a> D bitamina gehiegi hartu izana eta umeak adimenez atzeratuak izatea lotura duten bi gertaera dira. Beraz, esan daiteke bai bitamina urritasunak, bai gehiegitasunak, osasunaren oreka galarazten dutela. </p><p>Hainbat gorabehera eta eztabaida badira ere, uste osoa dago dieta orekatuak eta askotarikoak bitamina behar guztiak asetzen dituela, bestelako osagarrien beharrik gabe; dena dela, gutxi dira beren eguneroko dietan behar adina barazki eta fruitu hartzen dituztenak. </p><p>Kontuan hartu behar da, bestalde, <a href="/wiki/Bakterio-kontrako" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakterio-kontrako">antibiotikoak</a> hartzen direnean hesteetako <a href="/wiki/Bakterio" title="Bakterio">bakterioek</a> sintetizatzen dituzten bitaminen urritasuna gerta daitekeela, izan ere, antibiotikoek bakterioak deusezten baitituzte. </p> <table class="wikitable centre"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#DDFFDD">Eguneko gomendatutako kantitateak, 1990/496 <a href="/wiki/Zuzentarau" title="Zuzentarau">zuzentarau</a> aldatuan<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" bgcolor="#DDFFDD">Bitaminak</td> <td align="left" bgcolor="#DDFFDD">EGK </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A_bitamina" title="A bitamina">A bitamina</a> (erretinola)</td> <td>800 µg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/D_bitamina" title="D bitamina">D3 bitamina</a> (kolekaltziferol)</td> <td>5 µg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/E_bitamina" title="E bitamina">E bitamina</a> (tokoferola)</td> <td>12 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/K_bitamina" title="K bitamina">K bitamina</a></td> <td>75 µg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C_bitamina" title="C bitamina">C bitamina</a> (azido askorbikoa)</td> <td>80 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiamina" title="Tiamina">B1 bitamina</a> (tiamina)</td> <td>1,1 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B2_bitamina" title="B2 bitamina">B2 bitamina</a> (erriboflabina)</td> <td>1,4 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B3_bitamina" title="B3 bitamina">B3 bitamina</a> (edo PP, niazina)</td> <td>16 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B6_bitamina" title="B6 bitamina">B6 bitamina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Piridoxina" title="Piridoxina">piridoxina</a>)</td> <td>1,4 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azido_foliko" title="Azido foliko">B9 bitamina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azido_foliko" title="Azido foliko">azido folikoa</a>)</td> <td>330 µg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B12_bitamina" title="B12 bitamina">B12 bitamina</a> (kobalamina)</td> <td>2,5 µg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B8_bitamina" title="B8 bitamina">Biotina</a></td> <td>50 µg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B5_bitamina" title="B5 bitamina">Azido pantotenikoa</a></td> <td>6 mg </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Euskalterm</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/consumers/product_labelling_and_packaging/l21092_fr.htm">Directive 1990/496</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="boilerplate" style="text-align:left; font-size: 90%"> <ul><li>Artikulu honen edukiaren zati bat <i>Lur hiztegi entziklopediko</i>tik edo <i>Lur entziklopedia tematiko</i>tik hartu da. Egile-eskubideen jabeak, <a href="/wiki/Eusko_Jaurlaritza" title="Eusko Jaurlaritza">Eusko Jaurlaritzak</a>, hiztegi horiek <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/deed.eu">CC-BY 3.0 lizentziarekin</a> argitaratu ditu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendata.euskadi.eus/katalogoa/-/lur-entziklopedia-tematikoa/">Open Data Euskadi webgunean</a>.</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitamina&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zientzia.net/artikuluak/bitaminak-bizitzako-txinpartak/">Bitaminak: bizitzako txinpartak</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: ekaina 2023">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>]</span></sup> artikulua, zientzia.com gunean</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q34956">Q34956</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vitamins">Vitamins</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q34956%22">Q34956</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119338023">119338023</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119338023">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4063635-5">4063635-5</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85144006">sh85144006</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560693">00560693</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116579">ph116579</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/vitamin">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002399.htm">002399</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014815">D014815</a></span></li> <li><b>Kimikako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_erregistro_zenbakia" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS erregistro zenbakia">CAS erregistro zenbakia</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=308080-82-2">308080-82-2</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChEBI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChEBI (sortu gabe)">ChEBI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:33229">33229</a></span></li> <li><b>Biologiako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouse_Genome_Informatics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouse Genome Informatics (sortu gabe)">MGI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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