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data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="dark" data-module-background="deep-blue" data-module-category="AnchoredHero" class="ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__SfYQE"><style></style><div data-component="mdc-c-background-image" class="mdc-c-bg-image___GJdv1_2734c4f background-image-article-default ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__parallax-container__fZ7Iq"></div><div class="ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__gradient__Uu21n"></div><div class="ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__wrapper-content__XOe9C"><div class="mck-o-container"><div class="mck-o-container--wrapped mck-o-container--mobile-spacing mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-lg-12"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-1 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-span-10"><div><h1 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-2 mck-u-animation-slide-down ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__heading__bv6rL"><div>Fleet decarbonization: How an expanding value chain could reshape freight</div></h1></div><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-10 mck-u-animation-blur-in-800 ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__description__sjoe9"><div><time datetime="2023-03-15T00:00:00Z">March 15, 2023</time> | Article</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mck-o-container"><div class="mck-o-container--wrapped mck-o-container--mobile-spacing mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><section data-layer-region="article-body-header" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400 byline-share-container"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-8 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-8 mdc-u-ts-9"><span> </span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Saral Chauhan </span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Malte Hans </span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Moritz Rittstieg<span> </span></span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Saleem Zafar</span></span></div><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-8 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-8 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11 ArticleContent_mck-c-article-content__share-tools__kWRRw"></div></section><section class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-5"><div class="mck-u-links-inline">Commercial road freight is trailing passenger vehicles on decarbonization. But the economic equation is shifting, with fueling services and battery recycling emerging as battlegrounds for new opportunities.</div></div></div></section><main data-layer-region="article-body" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-1 mdc-u-grid-col-md-12"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div class="mdc-o-content-body mck-u-dropcap"> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="DownloadsSidebar_mck-c-downloads-sidebar__iFmyt mck-o-xs-right-span"><div data-layer-region="downloads-right-rail"><h3 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f"></h3><div><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="#/download/%2F~%2Fmedia%2Fmckinsey%2Findustries%2Fautomotive%20and%20assembly%2Four%20insights%2Ffleet%20decarbonization%20how%20an%20expanding%20value%20chain%20could%20reshape%20freight%2Ffleet-decarbonization-how-an-expanding-value-chain-could-reshape-freight_final.pdf%3FshouldIndex%3Dfalse" class="DownloadsSidebar_mck-c-downloads-sidebar__download-link__fPqFQ mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f" target="_self" data-layer-event-prefix="Download Link" data-layer-action="click" data-layer-report-type="" data-layer-file-name="fleet-decarbonization-how-an-expanding-value-chain-could-reshape-freight_final" data-layer-report-name="fleet-decarbonization-how-an-expanding-value-chain-could-reshape-freight_final>"><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--size-md___yi5fA_2734c4f mck-download-icon"></span><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f"> (6 pages)</span></a></div></div></div></div> <p><strong>Commercial transport</strong> is on the cusp of a transformation, with zero-emissions vehicles set to catalyze new operating models and value pools that could reshape the competitive landscape. Across the freight industry, stakeholders are challenged to analyze potential outcomes and consider how they can achieve the most upside from new technologies and ways of working.</p>  <p>As discussed in previous articles in this series, <a href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/getting-to-carbon-free-commercial-fleets">commercial vehicles</a> are responsible for about a third of transportation emissions but <a href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/fleet-decarbonization-operationalizing-the-transition">are trailing passenger vehicles on decarbonization</a>. In large part, <a href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/why-the-economics-of-electrification-make-this-decarbonization-transition-different">this is due to the technical challenges of electrifying larger vehicles</a> that travel long distances.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="d60a66b6-fe16-4f6b-bcd3-a2eb7982ea5e"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">1</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="d60a66b6-fe16-4f6b-bcd3-a2eb7982ea5e" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">See Saral Chauhan, Malte Hans, Moritz Rittstieg, and Saleem Zafar, “<a href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/getting-to-carbon-free-commercial-fleets">Getting to carbon-free commercial fleets</a>,” McKinsey, December 13, 2022; “<a href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/fleet-decarbonization-operationalizing-the-transition">Fleet decarbonization: Operationalizing the transition</a>,” McKinsey, December 20, 2022; “Why the economics of electrification make this decarbonization transition different,” McKinsey, January 30, 2023. </span></span></span></a></span> Still, among the industry’s decision makers, there is a growing realization that electrification at scale would insulate them against regulatory dynamics and lay the groundwork for longer-term cost advantages. Indeed, most decarbonization use cases are projected to reach total cost of ownership parity with internal-combustion-engine (ICE) vehicles by 2030, well within the horizon for capital allocation.</p> <p>Perhaps the strongest business argument for accelerated decarbonization is that new propulsion technologies are likely to have tangential impacts: companies are likely to require a range of services, including electrification planning, depot upgrades, energy optimization advisory (estimated to be worth $4 million to $5 million in the United States alone by 2030<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="ba0ee92e-88dc-4a83-bfb3-b0c65e27515d"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">2</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="ba0ee92e-88dc-4a83-bfb3-b0c65e27515d" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline"> Rob Bland, Wenting Gao, Jesse Noffsinger, and Giulia Siccardo, “<a href="/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/charging-electric-vehicle-fleets-how-to-seize-the-emerging-opportunity">Charging electric-vehicle fleets: How to seize the emerging opportunity</a>,” McKinsey, March 10, 2020.”</span></span></span></a></span>), telematics, and analytics (Exhibit 1). These needs can be served from outside the industry but also within—if operators are able to scale their capabilities quickly.</p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 1</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/fleet%20decarbonization%20how%20an%20expanding%20value%20chain%20could%20reshape%20freight/transition-to-battery-v3-ex1.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="The transition to battery-electric-vehicle commercial fleets brings an expansion in value pools and new business opportunities." src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/fleet%20decarbonization%20how%20an%20expanding%20value%20chain%20could%20reshape%20freight/transition-to-battery-v3-ex1.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <p>To pursue decarbonization successfully, companies should provide services that both capture revenue streams and create positive momentum among sustainability-conscious customers. For now, the door remains open for companies to establish their propositions and pick up market share. Moreover, the old “rules” on market ownership will not apply to the new opportunities. For example, OEMs will be able to freely compete with fleet telematics and services companies for downstream charging business. Equally, regional utilities and fleet management service (FMS) providers may see opportunities in the same space. The result is likely to be a highly dynamic ecosystem in which vertical and horizontal players compete.</p> <div data-module-category="" class="PullQuote_mck-c-pullquote__DbaQ5 mck-o-lg-center"><blockquote data-component="mdc-c-blockquote" class="PullQuote_mck-c-blockquote__6n21p PullQuote_mck-c-blockquote--hide-quotes__CpGpg mdc-c-blockquote mdc-c-blockquote--is-quotes___TozKo_2734c4f"><p>There is a growing realization that electrification at scale would insulate the freight industry against regulatory dynamics and lay the groundwork for longer-term cost advantages. </p></blockquote></div> <p>In the context of this opportunity, players need to make significant decisions. Primarily, they should formulate plans for decarbonization that both minimize risk and maximize opportunity. Pertinent questions might include: Do I have a right to win in this new value pool, against both similar businesses and others, as well as their future incarnations and alliances? If I choose to expand and build a new business, what capabilities do I need to develop internally, and what are the risks? Should I approach expansion through internal capabilities and organic scaling or through acquiring or partnering?</p> <p>To estimate the potential evolution of the value chain, we have addressed these questions from the point of view of six major industry segments: OEMs, FMS providers, charging providers, oil and gas companies, utilities, and dealer maintenance and repair servicers. The analysis shows that the two major battlegrounds of the future will be fueling services and battery recycling, and that the majority of players have a plausible path to engagement (Exhibit 2).</p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 2</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/fleet%20decarbonization%20how%20an%20expanding%20value%20chain%20could%20reshape%20freight/electrification-planning-v3-ex2.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="There are significant opportunities in electrification planning, energy management, and battery recycling." src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/fleet%20decarbonization%20how%20an%20expanding%20value%20chain%20could%20reshape%20freight/electrification-planning-v3-ex2.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="light" data-module-background="lightest-grey" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__bgimg-wrapper__Qj4Dt mck-o-sm-left-span SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__sidebar-wrapper__Dpjw2 SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__sidebar-wrapper--istablet__IQ6ii mck-u-screen-only mck-c-module-wrapper" data-layer-region="sidebar"><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__epoAm mck-o-md-center"><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__share-icons-wrapper__9gB_c"><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f mdc-c-link-container--display-column___X0HDD_2734c4f SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__share-icons___eQy6"><button data-component="mdc-c-button" aria-label="Expandable Sidebar" type="button" id="button_id" class="mdc-c-button___U4iY2_2734c4f mdc-c-button--ghost mdc-c-button--size-medium SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__toggle-btn__EL8iE" aria-expanded="false" data-layer-event-prefix="UI Item" data-layer-action="click" data-layer-category="sidebar" data-layer-subcategory="open" data-layer-text="open sidebar"><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--radial___y3csX_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--size-xxl___cL3ZT_2734c4f mck-plus-no-circle-icon"></span></button></div></div><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content-outer__UdWCq"><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__eyebrow__5GSEq"></div><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content__raEwe"><h2 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-3 SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content-heading__NJekY"><div>About the McKinsey Center for Future Mobility</div></h2><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content-description__4p9iI mdc-u-ts-7"><div class="mdc-o-content-body"><p>These insights were developed by the McKinsey Center for Future Mobility (MCFM). Since 2011, the MCFM has worked with stakeholders across the mobility ecosystem by providing independent and integrated evidence about possible future-mobility scenarios. With our unique, bottom-up modeling approach, our insights enable an end-to-end analytics journey through the future of mobility—from consumer needs to modal mix across urban and rural areas, sales, value pools, and life cycle sustainability. <a href="mailto:mmip@mckinsey.com">Contact us</a>, if you are interested in getting full access to our market insights via the McKinsey Mobility Insights Portal.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div> <p><strong><em>Charging services.</em></strong> The opportunity in charging-station operations is still in flux. In Europe, many charging stations are owned by utilities, while in the United States most are controlled by private charging businesses or OEMs. In both geographies, there is much to play for. In the United States, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law alone will provide $7.5 billion of funding,<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="1bf52589-3caa-4b7d-b506-a334c8fdd7bd"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">3</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="1bf52589-3caa-4b7d-b506-a334c8fdd7bd" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">“Delivering results from President Biden’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law,” White House, accessed February 2023. </span></span></span></a></span> suggesting companies across industry segments should consider the potential benefits of getting more involved:</p> <ul> <li><em>OEMs</em> could deepen customer relationships and boost retention by building privately operated charging networks. Customers could incur switching costs if they moved to a new manufacturer.</li> <li><em>FMS providers</em> could leverage economies of scale by including charging in their service offerings.</li> <li><em>Oil and gas companies</em> have ICE depot networks that could be retrofitted/upgraded to incorporate charging technologies. They also have the engineering, procurement, and construction capabilities to plan and build new charging depots quickly and efficiently.</li> <li><em>Utilities</em> are experienced in grid construction and expansion and could add charging station construction to their plans. Additionally, with many fleet operators lacking experience in electrified transport, there is potential to sell consulting/advisory services.</li> </ul> <p>On the front end, fleet operators will need help with forecasting power requirements for their vehicles and use cases (fleet depots are projected to deliver more than 25 percent of all electricity consumed by electric vehicles in the United States by 2030<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="5eb0dbe7-2355-4fdc-b4bf-9e08b0c6c1d3"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">4</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="5eb0dbe7-2355-4fdc-b4bf-9e08b0c6c1d3" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Philipp Kampshoff, Adi Kumar, Shannon Peloquin, and Shivika Sahdev, “<a href="/industries/public-sector/our-insights/building-the-electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure-america-needs">Building the electric-vehicle charging infrastructure America needs</a>,” McKinsey, April 18, 2022. </span></span></span></a></span>). Fleet ecosystem players have the data and capabilities to advise in this area. On the back end, operators may need advice on managing intraday electricity price fluctuations, amid demand for services in activities such as peak shaving, charging optimization, and bidirectional charging.</p> <p><strong><em>Battery recycling.</em></strong> The recycling market is currently characterized by supply chain constraints and raw-material shortages. Still, the market is expected to grow to $13 billion in the United States by 2040.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="d82e42c1-c0c2-4c18-af82-a0af5386867b"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">5</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="d82e42c1-c0c2-4c18-af82-a0af5386867b" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">McKinsey analysis. </span></span></span></a></span> The life span of commercial application batteries can be up to 12 years,<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="fae183c4-d920-4ea5-878b-c219a877e7dd"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">6</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="fae183c4-d920-4ea5-878b-c219a877e7dd" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">“Retired electric vehicle batteries could be used to store renewable energy,” National Science Foundation, December 9, 2021. </span></span></span></a></span> after which they can be repurposed as charging infrastructure or grid storage. This offers an incentive for players with access to vehicles and batteries to move downstream into recycling, and for players that have access to second-life batteries to move upstream:</p> <ul> <li><em>OEMs </em>are already closely involved in servicing the aftermarket. They can leverage relationships with fleet customers to access aging batteries.</li> <li><em>FMS providers</em> commonly handle maintenance, servicing, and end-of-life decommissioning. Thus, they have a consistent supply of used batteries that could feed a recycling business.</li> <li><em>Dealers</em> are positioned similarly to OEMs (in fact, they often partner with OEMs), so they could participate in battery recycling.</li> <li><em>Charging providers</em> could offer incentives to fleets, including discounts on power consumption in exchange for used batteries. This would positively reinforce charging providers’ core businesses, with second-life batteries redeployed at charging stations.</li> <li><em>Utilities</em> are similar to charging providers in that used vehicle batteries can provide static storage on their grids. However, they will need to develop their industry relationships, potentially through expansion into fueling service value pools.</li> </ul> <p>A key success factor for any new entrant will be the ability to stand up expensive production environments and develop the know-how to run the complex operation of pyrometallurgy, the most common recycling technique.</p> <p>Of the various players serving the commercial fleet market, three stand out as having strong right-to-win propositions through vertical integration.</p> <p><strong><em>OEMs.</em></strong> Vehicle manufacturers are established in both the front and back ends of the value chain. While fueling services and battery recycling are not core areas of expertise, they bring competencies around the manufacturing processes, supply chain management, and efficient production capabilities. Indeed, OEMs including Tesla, Ford, Toyota, and GM have announced plans to build out battery production capacity, while Volkswagen has said it will bring the entire battery life cycle in-house.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="acd593ae-369b-4a7f-b10b-0135121cb0af"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">7</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="acd593ae-369b-4a7f-b10b-0135121cb0af" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Scooter Doll, “Volkswagen partners with three new companies to support in-house EV battery cell development,” Electrek, December 8, 2021. </span></span></span></a></span> That said, OEMs will need to fill critical gaps in their current capabilities, including:</p> <ul> <li>Standing up turnkey charging service business requirements, including charging station construction, on-site facilities operation, and energy billing and payment management.</li> <li>Transitioning from a centralized maintenance and service model (supported by dealers) to a distributed, mobile-maintenance model, with staff able to travel out to depots.</li> <li>Hiring and developing skilled labor to manage and operate battery recycling operations.</li> </ul> <p><strong><em>FMS providers.</em></strong> FMS providers are uniquely positioned because they have control of a vast number of vehicles. This gives them access to significant data on fueling patterns and routing, which they can use to determine charging locations and depots, as well as to optimize utilization. To execute, they should:</p> <ul> <li>Form partnerships with engineering and construction firms to build out their charging networks at scale.</li> <li>Train and upskill the labor force to run charging depot day-to-day operations.</li> </ul> <p><strong><em>Utilities.</em></strong> Utilities have the operational knowledge to build out charging station networks and to develop the smart-grid software that can support applications including real-time monitoring, energy optimization, and fault detection. These, coupled with a wealth of consumption data, could enable them to deliver excellent energy advisory services. However, while utilities see themselves as the natural owners of fleet charging, they are often limited to specific territories, especially in the United States. This may constrict their scaling potential. To succeed, they should focus on:</p> <ul> <li>Acquiring manufacturing and production expertise to run battery recycling operations.</li> <li>Building out marketing, sales, and business development capabilities focused on the commercial fleet market, which could help them develop relationships and partnerships.</li> </ul> <p>As new markets across fueling services and fleet disposal grow, commercial vehicle players must be strategic in how they position themselves. New value pools will be captured mainly by companies with holistic capabilities, including OEMs or FMS providers, contingent on effective business building. Alternatively, powerful new partnerships may emerge. In both cases, the future of freight is set to see a marked departure from the past, creating an imperative for decision makers to adopt a strategic lens on how and where they want to play.</p></div><div class="container-placeholder"></div></div></div><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xl"><section role="contentinfo" data-layer-region="article-about-authors" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 AboutAuthor_mck-c-about-author__nRJzu"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center"></h5><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-8 mck-u-links-inline mck-u-links-inline--secondary mdc-u-mt-5"><div><p><strong>Saral Chauhan</strong> is a solution manager in McKinsey’s Toronto office, <strong>Malte Hans</strong> is a partner in the Cologne office, <strong>Moritz Rittstieg</strong> is a partner in the Chicago office, and <strong>Saleem Zafar</strong> is a partner in the Dallas office.</p> <p><em>The authors wish to thank Prithvi Nilkant, Robert Parker, and Samuel Stone for their contributions to this article.</em></p></div></div></div></section><section class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-screen-only"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-5 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-9"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center">Explore a career with us</h5><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f mdc-c-link-container--align-center___ar3mu_2734c4f"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/careers/search-jobs" class="mdc-c-button___U4iY2_2734c4f 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Card_hover-effect__RGb9b"><div class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/getting-to-carbon-free-commercial-fleets" class="mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><style>.picture-uniqueKey-getti-0 { aspect-ratio: 16/9 }</style><img alt="3D rendering of green green truck icon on fresh spring meadow with blue sky in background." class="picture-uniqueKey-getti-0" src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/getting%20to%20carbon%20free%20commercial%20fleets/getting%20to%20carbon-free%20commercial%20fleets_958709518_standard_1536x1536.jpg?cq=50&mw=767&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></a></div><div class="Card_wrapper-text__U6Y3k"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Article</span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" 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src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/fleet%20decarbonization%20operationalizing%20the%20transition/fleet-decarbonization-1278668416-thumb-1536x1536.jpg?cq=50&mw=767&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></a></div><div class="Card_wrapper-text__U6Y3k"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Article</span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/fleet-decarbonization-operationalizing-the-transition" class="mdc-c-link-heading___Zggl8_2734c4f mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><div>Fleet decarbonization: Operationalizing the transition</div></a></h6></div></div></div><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg Card_card__diA2r Card_hover-effect__RGb9b"><div class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" 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Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Article</span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/why-the-economics-of-electrification-make-this-decarbonization-transition-different" class="mdc-c-link-heading___Zggl8_2734c4f mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><div>Why the economics of electrification make this decarbonization transition different</div></a></h6></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"locale":"en","dictionary":{},"sitecoreContext":{"route":{"name":"Fleet decarbonization How an expanding value chain could reshape freight","displayName":"Fleet decarbonization How an expanding value chain could reshape freight","fields":null,"databaseName":"web","deviceId":"fe5d7fdf-89c0-4d99-9aa3-b5fbd009c9f3","itemId":"7234a4ac-c3af-467a-90f1-54d44b53260e","itemLanguage":"en","itemVersion":3,"layoutId":"ae753eb4-a035-40b4-83bf-4b4438df6742","templateId":"683910db-02ba-40ba-92e7-726c880160a9","templateName":"ArticleJSS","placeholders":{"jss-main":[{"uid":"232bb7e9-289f-492d-a916-2b6185e44a84","componentName":"ArticleTemplate","dataSource":"","fields":{"data":{"articleTemplate":{"title":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Fleet decarbonization: How an expanding value chain could reshape freight"}},"sEOTitle":{"value":"Fleet decarbonization: The management value chain"},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Commercial road freight is trailing passenger vehicles on decarbonization. But the economic equation is shifting, with fueling services and battery recycling emerging as battlegrounds for new opportunities."}},"sEODescription":{"value":"Fleet decarbonization is shifting the world of commercial road freight management. Learn more about the expanding value chain of fueling and batteries."},"displayDate":{"jsonValue":{"value":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z"}},"body":{"value":"[[Audio 1]]\n[[DownloadsSidebar]]\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommercial transport\u003c/strong\u003e is on the cusp of a transformation, with zero-emissions vehicles set to catalyze new operating models and value pools that could reshape the competitive landscape. Across the freight industry, stakeholders are challenged to analyze potential outcomes and consider how they can achieve the most upside from new technologies and ways of working.\u003c/p\u003e\n[[MostPopularArticles 5]]\n\u003cp\u003eAs discussed in previous articles in this series, \u003ca href=\"/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/getting-to-carbon-free-commercial-fleets\"\u003ecommercial vehicles\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;are responsible for about a third of transportation emissions but \u003ca href=\"/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/fleet-decarbonization-operationalizing-the-transition\"\u003eare trailing passenger vehicles on decarbonization\u003c/a\u003e. In large part, \u003ca href=\"/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/why-the-economics-of-electrification-make-this-decarbonization-transition-different\"\u003ethis is due to the technical challenges of electrifying larger vehicles\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;that travel long distances.[[Footnote 1]] Still, among the industry\u0026rsquo;s decision makers, there is a growing realization that electrification at scale would insulate them against regulatory dynamics and lay the groundwork for longer-term cost advantages. Indeed, most decarbonization use cases are projected to reach total cost of ownership parity with internal-combustion-engine (ICE) vehicles by 2030, well within the horizon for capital allocation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the strongest business argument for accelerated decarbonization is that new propulsion technologies are likely to have tangential impacts: companies are likely to require a range of services, including electrification planning, depot upgrades, energy optimization advisory (estimated to be worth $4 million to $5 million in the United States alone by 2030[[footnote 2]]), telematics, and analytics (Exhibit 1). These needs can be served from outside the industry but also within\u0026mdash;if operators are able to scale their capabilities quickly.\u003c/p\u003e\n[[exhibit 1]]\n\u003cp\u003eTo pursue decarbonization successfully, companies should provide\nservices that both capture revenue streams and create positive momentum among sustainability-conscious customers. For now, the door remains open for companies to establish their propositions and pick up market share. Moreover, the old \u0026ldquo;rules\u0026rdquo; on market ownership will not apply to the new opportunities. For example, OEMs will be able to freely compete with fleet telematics and services companies for downstream charging business. Equally, regional utilities and fleet management service (FMS) providers may see opportunities in the same space. The result is likely to be a highly dynamic ecosystem in which vertical and horizontal players compete.\u003c/p\u003e\n[[PullQuote 1]]\n\u003cp\u003eIn the context of this opportunity, players need to make significant decisions. Primarily, they should formulate plans for decarbonization that both minimize risk and maximize opportunity. Pertinent questions might include: Do I have a right to win in this new value pool, against both similar businesses and others, as well as their future incarnations and alliances? If I choose to expand and build a new business, what capabilities do I need to develop internally, and what are the risks? Should I approach expansion through internal capabilities and organic scaling or through acquiring or partnering?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo estimate the potential evolution of the value chain, we have addressed these questions from the point of view of six major industry segments: OEMs, FMS providers, charging providers, oil and gas companies, utilities, and dealer maintenance and repair servicers. The analysis shows that the two major battlegrounds of the future will be fueling services and battery recycling, and that the majority of players have a plausible path to engagement (Exhibit 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n[[exhibit 2]]\n[[Sidebar 1]]\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCharging services.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e The opportunity in charging-station operations is still in flux. In Europe, many charging stations are owned by utilities, while in the United States most are controlled by private charging businesses or OEMs. In both geographies, there is much to play for. In the United States, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law alone will provide $7.5 billion of funding,[[footnote 3]] suggesting companies across industry segments should consider the potential benefits of getting more involved:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eOEMs\u003c/em\u003e could deepen customer relationships and boost retention by building privately operated charging networks. Customers could incur switching costs if they moved to a new manufacturer.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eFMS providers\u003c/em\u003e could leverage economies of scale by including charging in their service offerings.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eOil and gas companies\u003c/em\u003e have ICE depot networks that could be retrofitted/upgraded to incorporate charging technologies. They also have the engineering, procurement, and construction capabilities to plan and build new charging depots quickly and efficiently.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eUtilities\u003c/em\u003e are experienced in grid construction and expansion and could add charging station construction to their plans. Additionally, with many fleet operators lacking experience in electrified transport, there is potential to sell consulting/advisory services.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the front end, fleet operators will need help with forecasting power requirements for their vehicles and use cases (fleet depots are projected to deliver more than 25 percent of all electricity consumed by electric vehicles in the United States by 2030[[footnote 4]]). Fleet ecosystem players have the data and capabilities to advise in this area. On the back end, operators may need advice on managing intraday electricity price fluctuations, amid demand for services in activities such as peak shaving, charging optimization, and bidirectional charging.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eBattery recycling.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e The recycling market is currently characterized by supply chain constraints and raw-material shortages. Still, the market is expected to grow to $13 billion in the United States by 2040.[[footnote 5]] The life span of commercial application batteries can be up to 12 years,[[footnote 6]] after which they can be repurposed as charging infrastructure or grid storage. This offers an incentive for players with access to vehicles and batteries to move downstream into recycling, and for players that have access to second-life batteries to move upstream:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eOEMs \u003c/em\u003eare already closely involved in servicing the aftermarket. They can leverage relationships with fleet customers to access aging batteries.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eFMS providers\u003c/em\u003e commonly handle maintenance, servicing, and end-of-life decommissioning. Thus, they have a consistent supply of used batteries that could feed a recycling business.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eDealers\u003c/em\u003e are positioned similarly to OEMs (in fact, they often partner with OEMs), so they could participate in battery recycling.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eCharging providers\u003c/em\u003e could offer incentives to fleets, including discounts on power consumption in exchange for used batteries. This would positively reinforce charging providers\u0026rsquo; core businesses, with second-life batteries redeployed at charging stations.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eUtilities\u003c/em\u003e are similar to charging providers in that used vehicle batteries can provide static storage on their grids. However, they will need to develop their industry relationships, potentially through expansion into fueling service value pools.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA key success factor for any new entrant will be the ability to stand up expensive production environments and develop the know-how to run the complex operation of pyrometallurgy, the most common recycling technique.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf the various players serving the commercial fleet market, three stand out as having strong right-to-win propositions through vertical integration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eOEMs.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e Vehicle manufacturers are established in both the front and back ends of the value chain. While fueling services and battery recycling are not core areas of expertise, they bring competencies around the manufacturing processes, supply chain management, and efficient production capabilities. Indeed, OEMs including Tesla, Ford, Toyota, and GM have announced plans to build out battery production capacity, while Volkswagen has said it will bring the entire battery life cycle in-house.[[footnote 7]] That said, OEMs will need to fill critical gaps in their current capabilities, including:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eStanding up turnkey charging service business requirements, including charging station construction, on-site facilities operation, and energy billing and payment management.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTransitioning from a centralized maintenance and service model (supported by dealers) to a distributed, mobile-maintenance model, with staff able to travel out to depots.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHiring and developing skilled labor to manage and operate battery recycling operations.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eFMS providers.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e FMS providers are uniquely positioned because they have control of a vast number of vehicles. This gives them access to significant data on fueling patterns and routing, which they can use to determine charging locations and depots, as well as to optimize utilization. To execute, they should:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eForm partnerships with engineering and construction firms to build out their charging networks at scale.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTrain and upskill the labor force to run charging depot day-to-day operations.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eUtilities.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e Utilities have the operational knowledge to build out charging station networks and to develop the smart-grid software that can support applications including real-time monitoring, energy optimization, and fault detection. These, coupled with a wealth of consumption data, could enable them to deliver excellent energy advisory services. However, while utilities see themselves as the natural owners of fleet charging, they are often limited to specific territories, especially in the United States. This may constrict their scaling potential. To succeed, they should focus on:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAcquiring manufacturing and production expertise to run battery recycling operations.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBuilding out marketing, sales, and business development capabilities focused on the commercial fleet market, which could help them develop relationships and partnerships.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs new markets across fueling services and fleet disposal grow, commercial vehicle players must be strategic in how they position themselves. New value pools will be captured mainly by companies with holistic capabilities, including OEMs or FMS providers, contingent on effective business building. Alternatively, powerful new partnerships may emerge. In both cases, the future of freight is set to see a marked departure from the past, creating an imperative for decision makers to adopt a strategic lens on how and where they want to play.\u003c/p\u003e"},"isFullScreenInteractive":{"boolValue":false},"hideStickySocialShareBar":{"boolValue":false},"desktopID":{"value":""},"mobileID":{"value":""},"desktopURL":{"value":""},"mobileURL":{"value":""},"desktopPaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"mobilePaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"desktopOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"mobileOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"cerosOembedURL":{"value":""},"cerosRenderMode":{"targetItem":null},"cerosBackgroundColor":{"targetItem":null},"hideByLine":{"boolValue":false},"tableOfContentsTitle":{"value":"TABLE OF CONTENTS"},"accessStatus":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"RegisteredUsers"},"value":{"value":"Registered Users"}}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Article"}},"hasSpecialReport":{"boolValue":false},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Article"}},"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"externalPublication":{"value":""},"mobileReady":{"boolValue":true},"forClientsOnly":{"boolValue":false},"excludeFromClientLink":{"boolValue":false},"originalPublishDate":{"jsonValue":{"value":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z"}},"footnotes":{"value":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSee Saral Chauhan, Malte Hans, Moritz Rittstieg, and Saleem Zafar, \u0026ldquo;\u003ca href=\"/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/getting-to-carbon-free-commercial-fleets\"\u003eGetting to carbon-free commercial fleets\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026rdquo; McKinsey, December 13, 2022; \u0026ldquo;\u003ca href=\"/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/fleet-decarbonization-operationalizing-the-transition\"\u003eFleet decarbonization: Operationalizing the transition\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026rdquo; McKinsey, December 20, 2022; \u0026ldquo;Why the economics of electrification make this decarbonization transition different,\u0026rdquo; McKinsey, January 30, 2023. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e Rob Bland, Wenting Gao, Jesse Noffsinger, and Giulia Siccardo, \u0026ldquo;\u003ca href=\"/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/charging-electric-vehicle-fleets-how-to-seize-the-emerging-opportunity\"\u003eCharging electric-vehicle fleets: How to seize the emerging opportunity\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026rdquo; McKinsey, March 10, 2020.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026ldquo;Delivering results from President Biden\u0026rsquo;s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law,\u0026rdquo; White House, accessed February 2023. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePhilipp Kampshoff, Adi Kumar, Shannon Peloquin, and Shivika Sahdev, \u0026ldquo;\u003ca href=\"/industries/public-sector/our-insights/building-the-electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure-america-needs\"\u003eBuilding the electric-vehicle charging infrastructure America needs\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026rdquo; McKinsey, April 18, 2022. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMcKinsey analysis. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026ldquo;Retired electric vehicle batteries could be used to store renewable energy,\u0026rdquo; National Science Foundation, December 9, 2021. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eScooter Doll, \u0026ldquo;Volkswagen partners with three new companies to support in-house EV battery cell development,\u0026rdquo; Electrek, December 8, 2021. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},"contributoryPractice":{"targetItems":[]},"aboutTheAuthors":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSaral Chauhan\u003c/strong\u003e is a solution manager in McKinsey\u0026rsquo;s Toronto office, \u003cstrong\u003eMalte Hans\u003c/strong\u003e is a partner in the Cologne office, \u003cstrong\u003eMoritz Rittstieg\u003c/strong\u003e is a partner in the Chicago office, and \u003cstrong\u003eSaleem Zafar\u003c/strong\u003e is a partner in the Dallas office.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe authors wish to thank Prithvi Nilkant, Robert Parker, and Samuel Stone for their contributions to this article.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},"authors":{"targetItems":[{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"A88C28EC660446DEA28B3B5F28A17E48","name":"Saral Chauhan","authorTitle":{"value":"Saral Chauhan"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"7461C5DFCDD747A88B15A969A9E4F820","name":"Malte Hans","authorTitle":{"value":"Malte Hans"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"60CAEC0AFDF848E3AC8DCED3EFE58663","name":"Moritz Rittstieg","authorTitle":{"value":"Moritz Rittstieg"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"C3D63F9F7D3348CCA89984BBEB8EF3A7","name":"Saleem Zafar","authorTitle":{"value":"Saleem Zafar"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[]}}]},"nonPartnerAuthors":{"targetItems":[]},"interactiveToUse":{"targetItem":null},"enableArticleComponents":{"boolValue":false},"relatedArticles":{"targetItems":[{"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"publicationSource":null,"externalPublication":{"value":""},"title":{"value":"Getting to carbon-free commercial fleets"},"url":{"path":"/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/getting-to-carbon-free-commercial-fleets"},"eyebrow":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"description":{"value":"Commercial transport operators can take action now to decarbonize their fleets and start to lower their total cost of ownership."},"standardImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive and assembly/our insights/getting to carbon free commercial fleets/getting to carbon-free commercial fleets_958709518_standard_1536x1536.jpg","alt":"3D rendering of green green truck icon on fresh spring meadow with blue sky in background."},"heroImage":null,"thumbnailImage":null},{"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"publicationSource":null,"externalPublication":{"value":""},"title":{"value":"Fleet decarbonization: Operationalizing the transition"},"url":{"path":"/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/fleet-decarbonization-operationalizing-the-transition"},"eyebrow":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"description":{"value":"Fleet operators are under pressure to transition to greener business models. 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