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data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="dark" data-module-background="deep-blue" data-module-category="AnchoredHero" class="ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__SfYQE"><style></style><div data-component="mdc-c-background-image" class="mdc-c-bg-image___GJdv1_2734c4f background-image-article-default ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__parallax-container__fZ7Iq"></div><div class="ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__gradient__Uu21n"></div><div class="ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__wrapper-content__XOe9C"><div class="mck-o-container"><div class="mck-o-container--wrapped mck-o-container--mobile-spacing mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-lg-12"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-1 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-span-10"><div><h1 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-2 mck-u-animation-slide-down ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__heading__bv6rL"><div>Getting to carbon-free commercial fleets</div></h1></div><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-10 mck-u-animation-blur-in-800 ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__description__sjoe9"><div><time datetime="2022-12-13T00:00:00Z">December 13, 2022</time> | Article</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mck-o-container"><div class="mck-o-container--wrapped mck-o-container--mobile-spacing mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><section data-layer-region="article-body-header" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400 byline-share-container"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-8 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-8 mdc-u-ts-9"><span> </span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Saral Chauhan </span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Malte Hans </span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Moritz Rittstieg<span> </span></span></span><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__author__XdrlD"><span class="AuthorsByLine_mck-c-authors-byline__no-wrap__Ced0j">Saleem Zafar</span></span></div><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-8 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-8 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11 ArticleContent_mck-c-article-content__share-tools__kWRRw"></div></section><section class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-5"><div class="mck-u-links-inline">Commercial transport operators can take action now to decarbonize their fleets and start to lower their total cost of ownership.</div></div></div></section><main data-layer-region="article-body" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-1 mdc-u-grid-col-md-12"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div class="mdc-o-content-body mck-u-dropcap"> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="DownloadsSidebar_mck-c-downloads-sidebar__iFmyt mck-o-xs-right-span"><div data-layer-region="downloads-right-rail"><h3 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f"></h3><div><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="#/download/%2F~%2Fmedia%2Fmckinsey%2Findustries%2Fautomotive%20and%20assembly%2Four%20insights%2Fgetting%20to%20carbon%20free%20commercial%20fleets%2Fgetting-to-carbon-free-commercial-fleets-vf.pdf%3FshouldIndex%3Dfalse" class="DownloadsSidebar_mck-c-downloads-sidebar__download-link__fPqFQ mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f" target="_self" data-layer-event-prefix="Download Link" data-layer-action="click" data-layer-report-type="" data-layer-file-name="getting-to-carbon-free-commercial-fleets-vf" data-layer-report-name="getting-to-carbon-free-commercial-fleets-vf>"><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--size-md___yi5fA_2734c4f mck-download-icon"></span><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f"> (5 pages)</span></a></div></div></div></div> <p><strong>As global temperatures </strong>continue to rise, the clock is ticking on climate change.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="db0d1b0c-8b14-48cd-bae5-33c2fcd13721"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">1</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="db0d1b0c-8b14-48cd-bae5-33c2fcd13721" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">See “Climate risk and response: Physical hazards and socioeconomic impacts,” McKinsey Global Institute, January 16, 2020.</span></span></span></a></span> And with transport being the second-biggest industrial emitter of greenhouse gases, the same is true for internal-combustion engines (ICE). One reason is that the climate arguments for electrification are incontrovertible. Indeed, through 2030, total electrification of global transportation would drive 15 percent of the abatement required to keep warming below 1.5°C.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="e981cc4e-974b-48ab-bb6d-5a9abb598988"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">2</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="e981cc4e-974b-48ab-bb6d-5a9abb598988" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">“The 1.5-degree challenge,” McKinsey, September 16, 2020.</span></span></span></a></span></p>  <p>Passenger vehicle <a href="/industries/travel-logistics-and-infrastructure/our-insights/accelerating-the-transition-to-net-zero-travel">decarbonization is under way</a> on every continent, with sales of electric vehicles reaching all-time highs. However, commercial fleets are a different story. Worldwide sales of electric light commercial vehicles (LCVs) were less than 200,000 units in 2021, compared with six million electric passenger cars. Electric passenger cars now account for 6 percent of all car sales, while electric LCVs account for just 2 percent of sales in that vehicle segment.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="5b518cd7-2122-4da1-b167-5558ed88287a"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">3</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="5b518cd7-2122-4da1-b167-5558ed88287a" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">US Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory.</span></span></span></a></span></p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="light" data-module-background="lightest-grey" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__bgimg-wrapper__Qj4Dt mck-o-sm-left-span SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__sidebar-wrapper__Dpjw2 SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__sidebar-wrapper--istablet__IQ6ii mck-u-screen-only mck-c-module-wrapper" data-layer-region="sidebar"><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__epoAm mck-o-md-center"><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__share-icons-wrapper__9gB_c"><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f mdc-c-link-container--display-column___X0HDD_2734c4f SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__share-icons___eQy6"><button data-component="mdc-c-button" aria-label="Expandable Sidebar" type="button" id="button_id" class="mdc-c-button___U4iY2_2734c4f mdc-c-button--ghost mdc-c-button--size-medium SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__toggle-btn__EL8iE" aria-expanded="false" data-layer-event-prefix="UI Item" data-layer-action="click" data-layer-category="sidebar" data-layer-subcategory="open" data-layer-text="open sidebar"><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--radial___y3csX_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--size-xxl___cL3ZT_2734c4f mck-plus-no-circle-icon"></span></button></div></div><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content-outer__UdWCq"><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__eyebrow__5GSEq"></div><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content__raEwe"><h2 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-3 SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content-heading__NJekY"><div>About the McKinsey Center for Future Mobility</div></h2><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content-description__4p9iI mdc-u-ts-7"><div class="mdc-o-content-body"><p>These insights were developed by the McKinsey Center for Future Mobility (MCFM). Since 2011, the MCFM has worked with stakeholders across the mobility ecosystem by providing independent and integrated evidence about possible future-mobility scenarios. With our unique, bottom-up modeling approach, our insights enable an end-to-end analytics journey through the future of mobility—from consumer needs to modal mix across urban and rural areas, sales, value pools, and life cycle sustainability. <a href="mailto:mmip@mckinsey.com">Contact us</a>, if you are interested in getting full access to our market insights via the McKinsey Mobility Insights Portal.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Why has electrification of commercial vehicles lagged that of passenger cars? A primary cause is that commercial vehicles are usually heavier and travel longer distances, putting extra pressure on lithium ion batteries. In addition, fleet infrastructure costs are high: the Level 3 DC chargers required for commercial fleets are much more expensive than the Level 1 chargers often used for passenger vehicles. This creates a chicken-and-egg paradox: operators need an installed base of charging infrastructure before transitioning, but infrastructure builders want to see more vehicles being sold before investing. Moreover, there is a psychological hurdle to overcome, with some in the industry not yet convinced that battery power is fit for commercial usage. Finally, some uncertainty remains about winning technology.</p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-disruptor1up mck-o-md-center mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom mck-u-screen-only" data-layer-region="disruptor-1up"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-md mdc-u-grid-col-lg-12 mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 "><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-span-12"><header data-component="mdc-c-header" class="mdc-c-header"><div class="mdc-c-header__block___i1Lg-_2734c4f"><h3 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f"><div>Would you like to learn more about our <a href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/how-we-help-clients">Automotive & Assembly Practice</a>?</div></h3></div></header><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f mdc-c-link-container--display-column___X0HDD_2734c4f mck-c-disruptor1up__content Disruptor1Up_mck-c-disruptor1up__content--links__VV4lE mdc-u-grid-gutter-md"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/how-we-help-clients" class="mdc-c-link-cta___NBQVi_2734c4f"><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f">Visit our page</span><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mck-link-arrow-right-icon"></span></a></div></div></div></div> <p>That said, decarbonization also offers fleet operations substantial opportunities. With commercial vehicles responsible for a third of transportation emissions, electrification at scale would insulate them against regulatory dynamics, improve their brand equity, and play a significant role in slowing climate change.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="fc376c05-4cfa-4f5b-b209-c19482100c35"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">4</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="fc376c05-4cfa-4f5b-b209-c19482100c35" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">“The 1.5 degree challenge,” September 2020.</span></span></span></a></span> Moreover, across industries, tackling transportation emissions would be one of the most cost-effective abatement options. Many use cases are already in the money, and most others are projected to reach cost parity with ICE by 2030.</p> <p>Amid rising expectations to “do something,” many fleet operators are responding. Research shows that 75 percent of the 200 largest US fleet operators—responsible for about 1.2 million vehicles—have committed to decarbonization targets for public fleets, and many are starting to invest.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="805067aa-fa89-47cd-acec-393f6aa3a995"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">5</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="805067aa-fa89-47cd-acec-393f6aa3a995" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">The 200 largest fleets in the United States (includes 150 largest private and 50 largest for-hire fleets).</span></span></span></a></span> Almost 50 percent of fleet owners have purchased an electric vehicle or plan to purchase one in 2022.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="9cdbedc5-d8ea-46b1-b058-5a1b0ce864aa"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">6</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="9cdbedc5-d8ea-46b1-b058-5a1b0ce864aa" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">McKinsey Fleet Decarbonization Survey, 2022. This survey included 264 global respondents.</span></span></span></a></span> Further, more than 50 percent plan to operate fully carbon-free fleets by 2027, and 90 percent plan to fully decarbonize eventually. The momentum is toward decarbonization.</p> <h2>Drivers of decarbonization</h2> <p>One reason for accelerating momentum on commercial-vehicle decarbonization is that many customers desire it, because they seek to reduce emissions through the value chain. In addition, regulators are ramping up pressure—for example, through the US Environmental Protection Agency’s 2021 Clean Trucks Plan. And there is strong anecdotal evidence that people prefer working for more sustainable companies, meaning that it is easier for greener companies to attract top talent.</p> <p>Another driver is increasing availability of financing—in particular, low-cost financing for the green transition through sustainability bonds, green bonds, and green loans. The outstanding value of sustainable instruments globally has grown by 57 percent a year since 2017, reaching $1.4 trillion in 2021.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="0d0abb83-a69c-4b77-8ae6-e046b50efcd9"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">7</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="0d0abb83-a69c-4b77-8ae6-e046b50efcd9" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Climate Bonds Initiative 2021.</span></span></span></a></span> And despite headwinds associated with technology uncertainty, there is a rising supply of electric LCVs and medium-duty trucks.</p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-disruptor1up mck-o-md-center mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom mck-u-screen-only" data-layer-region="disruptor-1up"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-md mdc-u-grid-col-lg-12 mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 "><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-lg-span-4 mdc-u-grid-col-md-span-5 Disruptor1Up_mck-c-disruptor1up__image___2Gc4"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture"><img alt="Holidays in summer at the lake, Germany" src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/low%20carbon%20fun%20making%20rv%20manufacturing%20greener/gettyimages-901911804-bt-1536x1536.jpg?cq=50&mh=145&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-lg-span-8 mdc-u-grid-col-md-span-7"><header data-component="mdc-c-header" class="mdc-c-header"><div class="mdc-c-header__block___i1Lg-_2734c4f"><h3 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f"><div>Low-carbon fun: Making RV manufacturing greener</div></h3></div></header><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f mdc-c-link-container--display-column___X0HDD_2734c4f mck-c-disruptor1up__content Disruptor1Up_mck-c-disruptor1up__content--links__VV4lE mdc-u-grid-gutter-md"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/low-carbon-fun-making-rv-manufacturing-greener" class="mdc-c-link-cta___NBQVi_2734c4f"><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f">Read the article</span><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mck-link-arrow-right-icon"></span></a></div></div></div></div> <p>Finally, there are increasingly powerful arguments on costs, enabled by an eightfold increase since 2008 in the volumetric energy density of lithium ion batteries and scaling effects in manufacturing.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="3e2b14e4-4434-4cee-a2f3-7613d48e8039"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">8</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="3e2b14e4-4434-4cee-a2f3-7613d48e8039" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Mark Kane, “Data reveals tremendous growth in volumetric energy density of EV batteries,” Inside EVs, April 27, 2022.</span></span></span></a></span> Indeed, zero-emissions vehicles are projected to reach total cost of ownership (TCO) parity across multiple use cases in the next decade. In general, shorter-distance and lighter-vehicle use cases will reach cost parity sooner (Exhibit 1). One reason is that shorter distances often involve more stop-start driving and therefore more regenerative braking to extend battery life. For medium- to long-haul use cases, TCO parity will come toward the end of the decade. That should not detract from the opportunity for fleet operators to strategically deploy zero-emissions options sequentially.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="4005c298-96cd-4d8e-8674-df05701d7f14"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">9</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="4005c298-96cd-4d8e-8674-df05701d7f14" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">“The 1.5 degree challenge,” September 2020.</span></span></span></a></span></p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 1</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/getting%20to%20carbon%20free%20commercial%20fleets/svgz-fleetdecarb-ex1-v2.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="E-trucks will eventually achieve total cost of ownership parity with diesel trucks." src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/getting%20to%20carbon%20free%20commercial%20fleets/svgz-fleetdecarb-ex1-v2.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <p>The truck segment closest to TCO parity today is LCVs. In terms of cost per mile, electric LCVs will be 5 to 10 percent cheaper than ICE vehicles by 2025, our analysis shows.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="c449d030-e91c-49dc-9165-9b2c538fb8ff"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">10</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="c449d030-e91c-49dc-9165-9b2c538fb8ff" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">McKinsey Center for Future Mobility (MCFM) Aftermarket 2030 Model; MCFM Electrification model. Various electric and ICE vans that are currently or soon to be on the market were evaluated for fit with typical use cases of fleets focusing on local or regional distribution, with economic factors including battery size and charging infrastructure.</span></span></span></a></span> The high up-front cost of the vehicle and <a href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/why-most-etrucks-will-choose-overnight-charging">charging infrastructure</a> will be more than offset by reduced operating costs. The biggest efficiencies will be in fuel and maintenance, which would see cost-per-mile reductions of 60 percent and 70 percent, respectively (Exhibit 2).</p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 2</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/getting%20to%20carbon%20free%20commercial%20fleets/svgz-fleetdecarb-ex2-v2.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="Our analysis shows that on a cost-per-mile basis, battery electric light commercial vehicles will be 5 to 10 percent cheaper than internal-combustion vehicles by 2025." src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/getting%20to%20carbon%20free%20commercial%20fleets/svgz-fleetdecarb-ex2-v2.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <p>Any comparison is subject to volatility in the price of energy. A 50 percent increase in the price of electricity, for example, would drive the cost of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) up by 5 to 10 percent. Conversely, a 50 percent rise in the price of gasoline would spur a 20 percent increase in ICE costs, pushing the BEV advantage to 20 to 25 percent per mile. Furthermore, as demand for BEVs increases relative to ICE vehicles, the residual value of BEV assets will likely rise, driving TCO advantage.</p> <p>Of course, change rarely happens all at once. During the transition to BEVs and fuel cell electric vehicles powered by hydrogen, alternative power sources such as compressed natural gas and liquid natural gas may offer potential bridges before cost parity is achieved in all use cases.</p> <h2>Executing a smooth transition</h2> <p>Transitioning to a decarbonized fleet presents operators with significant opportunities. But with so many players looking to make the transition simultaneously, excellent execution will distinguish leading businesses from the rest. This is particularly the case as operators contend with the current supply chain constraints and economic uncertainty. Key enablers for decarbonization will include robust planning, speedy action, and the ability to control costs. Not all companies are equally well positioned to implement these capabilities. Indeed, 53 percent of operators say they lack the necessary expertise.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="1f8b5c91-50f7-4149-b8d1-90a72636f3cd"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">11</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="1f8b5c91-50f7-4149-b8d1-90a72636f3cd" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">McKinsey Fleet Decarbonization Survey, 2022.</span></span></span></a></span></p> <p>As operators consider their options, four major themes are likely to dominate their strategic considerations: support infrastructure, fleet requirements, economics and sustainability, and vehicle types (Exhibit 3).</p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 3</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/getting%20to%20carbon%20free%20commercial%20fleets/svgz-fleetdecarb-ex3.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="Fleet operators may focus on four major themes as they attempt to decarbonize. " src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/getting%20to%20carbon%20free%20commercial%20fleets/svgz-fleetdecarb-ex3.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <hr/> <p>Fleet operators planning for and executing decarbonization must grapple with complex issues, but time is of the essence. Being among the early movers in planning for infrastructure rollout and addressing operational challenges can give operators an advantage in securing assets and realizing TCO benefits. Companies that delay their transition risk lower asset availability amid rising demand and supply bottlenecks, along with significant reputational, legal, and financial risk if they cannot keep up with changing regulations and consumer expectations.</p> <p>In short, the industry is approaching a point at which fleet decarbonization will become a significant business opportunity and strategic differentiator. The evidence on costs and technology suggests that first movers will benefit most, by capturing value and developing the know-how that will translate into sustainable competitive advantage.</p></div><div class="container-placeholder"></div></div></div><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xl"><section role="contentinfo" data-layer-region="article-about-authors" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 AboutAuthor_mck-c-about-author__nRJzu"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center"></h5><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-8 mck-u-links-inline mck-u-links-inline--secondary mdc-u-mt-5"><div><p><strong>Saral Chauhan</strong> is a solution manager in McKinsey’s Toronto office, <strong>Malte Hans</strong> is an associate partner in the Cologne office, <strong>Moritz Rittstieg</strong> is a partner in the Chicago office, and <strong>Saleem Zafar</strong> is a partner in the Dallas office.</p> <p>The authors wish to thank Cheyenne Allenby, Prithvi Nilkant, Samuel Stone, and McLane Townsend for their contributions to this article.</p></div></div></div></section><section class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-screen-only"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-5 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-9"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center">Explore a career with us</h5><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f mdc-c-link-container--align-center___ar3mu_2734c4f"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/careers/search-jobs" class="mdc-c-button___U4iY2_2734c4f 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Card_hover-effect__RGb9b"><div class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/scaling-electric-vehicle-infrastructure-to-meet-demand" class="mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><style>.picture-uniqueKey-scali-0 { aspect-ratio: 16/9 }</style><img alt="White car" class="picture-uniqueKey-scali-0" src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/scaling%20electric%20vehicle%20infrastructure%20to%20meet%20demand/andreas%20lips%20hero%201b_standard_1536x1536.jpg?cq=50&mw=767&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></a></div><div class="Card_wrapper-text__U6Y3k"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Interview</span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" 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aspect-ratio: 16/9 }</style><img alt="Digital generated image of car tire track made out of grass growing through gray concrete surface." class="picture-uniqueKey-mobil-0" src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive%20and%20assembly/our%20insights/mobilitys%20net%20zero%20transition%20a%20look%20at%20opportunities%20and%20risks/mobilitys%20netzero%20transition%20a%20look%20at%20opportunities%20and%20risks1267092650thumb1536x1536.jpg?cq=50&mw=767&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></a></div><div class="Card_wrapper-text__U6Y3k"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Article</span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/mobilitys-net-zero-transition-a-look-at-opportunities-and-risks" class="mdc-c-link-heading___Zggl8_2734c4f mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><div>Mobility’s net-zero transition: A look at opportunities and risks</div></a></h6></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"locale":"en","dictionary":{},"sitecoreContext":{"route":{"name":"Getting to carbon free commercial fleets","displayName":"Getting to carbon free commercial fleets","fields":null,"databaseName":"web","deviceId":"fe5d7fdf-89c0-4d99-9aa3-b5fbd009c9f3","itemId":"aaf48896-9dbc-4fd5-925d-213152f4de10","itemLanguage":"en","itemVersion":1,"layoutId":"ae753eb4-a035-40b4-83bf-4b4438df6742","templateId":"683910db-02ba-40ba-92e7-726c880160a9","templateName":"ArticleJSS","placeholders":{"jss-main":[{"uid":"232bb7e9-289f-492d-a916-2b6185e44a84","componentName":"ArticleTemplate","dataSource":"","fields":{"data":{"articleTemplate":{"title":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Getting to carbon-free commercial fleets"}},"sEOTitle":{"value":"Getting to carbon-free commercial transport"},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Commercial transport operators can take action now to decarbonize their fleets and start to lower their total cost of ownership."}},"sEODescription":{"value":""},"displayDate":{"jsonValue":{"value":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z"}},"body":{"value":"[[Audio 1]]\n[[DownloadsSidebar]]\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAs global temperatures \u003c/strong\u003econtinue to rise, the clock is ticking on climate change.[[Footnote 1]] And with transport being the second-biggest industrial emitter of greenhouse gases, the same is true for internal-combustion engines (ICE). One reason is that the climate arguments for electrification are incontrovertible. Indeed, through 2030, total electrification of global transportation would drive 15 percent of the abatement required to keep warming below 1.5\u0026deg;C.[[Footnote 2]]\u003c/p\u003e\n[[MostPopularArticles 5]]\n\u003cp\u003ePassenger vehicle \u003ca href=\"/industries/travel-logistics-and-infrastructure/our-insights/accelerating-the-transition-to-net-zero-travel\"\u003edecarbonization is under way\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;on every continent, with sales of electric vehicles reaching all-time highs. However, commercial fleets are a different story. Worldwide sales of electric light commercial vehicles (LCVs) were less than 200,000 units in 2021, compared with six million electric passenger cars. Electric passenger cars now account for 6 percent of all car sales, while electric LCVs account for just 2 percent of sales in that vehicle segment.[[Footnote 3]]\u003c/p\u003e\n[[sidebar 1]]\n\u003cp\u003eWhy has electrification of commercial vehicles lagged that of passenger cars? A primary cause is that commercial vehicles are usually heavier and travel longer distances, putting extra pressure on lithium ion batteries. In addition, fleet infrastructure costs are high: the Level 3 DC chargers required for commercial fleets are much more expensive than the Level 1 chargers often used for passenger vehicles. This creates a chicken-and-egg paradox: operators need an installed base of charging infrastructure before transitioning, but infrastructure builders want to see more vehicles being sold before investing. Moreover, there is a psychological hurdle to overcome, with some in the industry not yet convinced that battery power is fit for commercial usage. Finally, some uncertainty remains about winning technology.\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Disruptor1Up dis1]]\n\u003cp\u003eThat said, decarbonization also offers fleet operations substantial opportunities. With commercial vehicles responsible for a third of transportation emissions, electrification at scale would insulate them against regulatory dynamics, improve their brand equity, and play a significant role in slowing climate change.[[Footnote 4]] Moreover, across industries, tackling transportation emissions would be one of the most cost-effective abatement options. Many use cases are already in the money, and most others are projected to reach cost parity with ICE by 2030.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmid rising expectations to \u0026ldquo;do something,\u0026rdquo; many fleet operators are responding. Research shows that 75 percent of the 200 largest US fleet operators\u0026mdash;responsible for about 1.2 million vehicles\u0026mdash;have committed to decarbonization targets for public fleets, and many are starting to invest.[[Footnote 5]] Almost 50 percent of fleet owners have purchased an electric vehicle or plan to purchase one in 2022.[[Footnote 6]] Further, more than 50 percent plan to operate fully carbon-free fleets by 2027, and 90 percent plan to fully decarbonize eventually. The momentum is toward decarbonization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDrivers of decarbonization\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne reason for accelerating momentum on commercial-vehicle decarbonization is that many customers desire it, because they seek to reduce emissions through the value chain. In addition, regulators are ramping up pressure\u0026mdash;for example, through the US Environmental Protection Agency\u0026rsquo;s 2021 Clean Trucks Plan. And there is strong anecdotal evidence that people prefer working for more sustainable companies, meaning that it is easier for greener companies to attract top talent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother driver is increasing availability of financing\u0026mdash;in particular, low-cost financing for the green transition through sustainability bonds, green bonds, and green loans. The outstanding value of sustainable instruments globally has grown by 57 percent a year since 2017, reaching $1.4 trillion in 2021.[[Footnote 7]] And despite headwinds associated with technology uncertainty, there is a rising supply of electric LCVs and medium-duty trucks.\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Disruptor1Up dis2]]\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, there are increasingly powerful arguments on costs, enabled by an eightfold increase since 2008 in the volumetric energy density of lithium ion batteries and scaling effects in manufacturing.[[Footnote 8]] Indeed, zero-emissions vehicles are projected to reach total cost of ownership (TCO) parity across multiple use cases in the next decade. In general, shorter-distance and lighter-vehicle use cases will reach cost parity sooner (Exhibit 1). One reason is that shorter distances often involve more stop-start driving and therefore more regenerative braking to extend battery life. For medium- to long-haul use cases, TCO parity will come toward the end of the decade. That should not detract from the opportunity for fleet operators to strategically deploy zero-emissions options sequentially.[[Footnote 9]]\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Exhibit 1]]\n\u003cp\u003eThe truck segment closest to TCO parity today is LCVs. In terms of cost per mile, electric LCVs will be 5 to 10 percent cheaper than ICE vehicles by 2025, our analysis shows.[[Footnote 10]] The high up-front cost of the vehicle and \u003ca href=\"/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/why-most-etrucks-will-choose-overnight-charging\"\u003echarging infrastructure\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;will be more than offset by reduced operating costs. The biggest efficiencies will be in fuel and maintenance, which would see cost-per-mile reductions of 60 percent and 70 percent, respectively (Exhibit 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Exhibit 2]]\n\u003cp\u003eAny comparison is subject to volatility in the price of energy. A 50 percent increase in the price of electricity, for example, would drive the cost of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) up by 5 to 10\u0026nbsp;percent. Conversely, a 50 percent rise in the price of gasoline would spur a 20 percent increase in ICE costs, pushing the BEV advantage to\n20 to 25\u0026nbsp;percent per mile. Furthermore, as demand for BEVs increases relative to ICE vehicles, the residual value of BEV assets will likely rise, driving TCO advantage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf course, change rarely happens all at once. During the transition to BEVs and fuel cell electric vehicles powered by hydrogen, alternative power sources such as compressed natural gas and liquid natural gas may offer potential bridges before cost parity is achieved in all use cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExecuting a smooth transition\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTransitioning to a decarbonized fleet presents operators with significant opportunities. But with so many players looking to make the transition simultaneously, excellent execution will distinguish leading businesses from the rest. This is particularly the case as operators contend with the current supply chain constraints and economic uncertainty. Key enablers for decarbonization will include robust planning, speedy action, and the ability to control costs. Not all companies are equally well positioned to implement these capabilities. Indeed, 53 percent of operators say they lack the necessary expertise.[[Footnote 11]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs operators consider their options, four major themes are likely to dominate their strategic considerations: support infrastructure, fleet requirements, economics and sustainability, and vehicle types (Exhibit 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Exhibit 3]]\n\u003chr /\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFleet operators planning for and executing decarbonization must grapple with complex issues, but time is of the essence. Being among the early movers in planning for infrastructure rollout and addressing operational challenges can give operators an advantage in securing assets and realizing TCO benefits. Companies that delay their transition risk lower asset availability amid rising demand and supply bottlenecks, along with significant reputational, legal, and financial risk if they cannot keep up with changing regulations and consumer expectations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn short, the industry is approaching a point at which fleet decarbonization will become a significant business opportunity and strategic differentiator. The evidence on costs and technology suggests that first movers will benefit most, by capturing value and developing the know-how that will translate into sustainable competitive advantage.\u003c/p\u003e"},"isFullScreenInteractive":{"boolValue":false},"hideStickySocialShareBar":{"boolValue":false},"desktopID":{"value":""},"mobileID":{"value":""},"desktopURL":{"value":""},"mobileURL":{"value":""},"desktopPaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"mobilePaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"desktopOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"mobileOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"cerosOembedURL":{"value":""},"cerosRenderMode":{"targetItem":null},"cerosBackgroundColor":{"targetItem":null},"hideByLine":{"boolValue":false},"tableOfContentsTitle":{"value":"TABLE OF CONTENTS"},"accessStatus":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"RegisteredUsers"},"value":{"value":"Registered Users"}}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Article"}},"hasSpecialReport":{"boolValue":false},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Article"}},"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"externalPublication":{"value":""},"mobileReady":{"boolValue":true},"forClientsOnly":{"boolValue":false},"excludeFromClientLink":{"boolValue":false},"originalPublishDate":{"jsonValue":{"value":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z"}},"footnotes":{"value":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSee \u0026ldquo;Climate risk and response: Physical hazards and socioeconomic impacts,\u0026rdquo; McKinsey Global Institute, January 16, 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026ldquo;The 1.5-degree challenge,\u0026rdquo; McKinsey, September 16, 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eUS Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026ldquo;The 1.5 degree challenge,\u0026rdquo; September 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe 200 largest fleets in the United States (includes 150 largest private and 50 largest for-hire fleets).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMcKinsey Fleet Decarbonization Survey, 2022. This survey included 264 global respondents.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eClimate Bonds Initiative 2021.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMark Kane, \u0026ldquo;Data reveals tremendous growth in volumetric energy density of EV batteries,\u0026rdquo; Inside EVs, April 27, 2022.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026ldquo;The 1.5 degree challenge,\u0026rdquo; September 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMcKinsey Center for Future Mobility (MCFM) Aftermarket 2030 Model; MCFM Electrification model. Various electric and ICE vans that are currently or soon to be on the market were evaluated for fit with typical use cases of fleets focusing on local or regional distribution, with economic factors including battery size and charging infrastructure.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMcKinsey Fleet Decarbonization Survey, 2022.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},"contributoryPractice":{"targetItems":[{"displayName":"Automotive \u0026 Assembly"}]},"aboutTheAuthors":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSaral Chauhan\u003c/strong\u003e is a solution manager in McKinsey\u0026rsquo;s Toronto office, \u003cstrong\u003eMalte Hans\u003c/strong\u003e is an associate partner in the Cologne office, \u003cstrong\u003eMoritz Rittstieg\u003c/strong\u003e is a partner in the Chicago office, and \u003cstrong\u003eSaleem Zafar\u003c/strong\u003e is a partner in the Dallas office.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors wish to thank Cheyenne Allenby, Prithvi Nilkant, Samuel Stone, and McLane Townsend for their contributions to this article.\u003c/p\u003e"},"authors":{"targetItems":[{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"A88C28EC660446DEA28B3B5F28A17E48","name":"Saral Chauhan","authorTitle":{"value":"Saral Chauhan"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"7461C5DFCDD747A88B15A969A9E4F820","name":"Malte Hans","authorTitle":{"value":"Malte Hans"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"60CAEC0AFDF848E3AC8DCED3EFE58663","name":"Moritz Rittstieg","authorTitle":{"value":"Moritz Rittstieg"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[]}},{"template":{"id":"3FBABDB63A094F68B1F8E1BBE1BA124E","name":"Author"},"id":"C3D63F9F7D3348CCA89984BBEB8EF3A7","name":"Saleem Zafar","authorTitle":{"value":"Saleem Zafar"},"description":{"value":""},"thumbnailImage":{"alt":"","src":null},"profile":{"targetItems":[]}}]},"nonPartnerAuthors":{"targetItems":[]},"interactiveToUse":{"targetItem":null},"enableArticleComponents":{"boolValue":false},"relatedArticles":{"targetItems":[{"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"publicationSource":null,"externalPublication":{"value":""},"title":{"value":"Scaling electric-vehicle infrastructure to meet demand"},"url":{"path":"/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/scaling-electric-vehicle-infrastructure-to-meet-demand"},"eyebrow":{"targetItem":{"name":"Interview"}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Interview"}},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"description":{"value":"An interview with Shell Recharge Solutions\u0026rsquo; Andreas Lips."},"standardImage":{"src":"/~/media/mckinsey/industries/automotive and assembly/our insights/scaling electric vehicle infrastructure to meet demand/andreas lips hero 1b_standard_1536x1536.jpg","alt":"White car"},"heroImage":null,"thumbnailImage":null},{"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"publicationSource":null,"externalPublication":{"value":""},"title":{"value":"Low-carbon fun: Making RV manufacturing greener"},"url":{"path":"/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/low-carbon-fun-making-rv-manufacturing-greener"},"eyebrow":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"name":"Article"}},"description":{"value":"Being outside and enjoying nature is a key value proposition of the recreational-vehicle industry. 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