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<span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>International terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standard_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Standard styles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Standard_styles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Standard styles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Standard_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notchback_sedans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notchback_sedans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Notchback sedans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notchback_sedans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liftback_sedans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liftback_sedans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Liftback sedans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liftback_sedans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fastback_sedans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fastback_sedans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Fastback sedans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fastback_sedans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardtop_sedans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardtop_sedans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Hardtop sedans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardtop_sedans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-20th_century_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-20th_century_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mid-20th century variations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mid-20th_century_variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mid-20th century variations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mid-20th_century_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Close-coupled_sedans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Close-coupled_sedans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Close-coupled sedans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Close-coupled_sedans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coach_sedans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coach_sedans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Coach sedans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coach_sedans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Close-coupled_saloons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Close-coupled_saloons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Close-coupled saloons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Close-coupled_saloons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Club_sedans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Club_sedans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Club sedans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Club_sedans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sedanets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sedanets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Sedanets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sedanets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_social_consequence_of_Sedans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_social_consequence_of_Sedans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The social consequence of Sedans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_social_consequence_of_Sedans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sedan (automobile)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan" title="Sedan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sedan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سيدان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيدان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlina" title="Berlina – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Berlina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan" title="Sedan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sedan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Седан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Седан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB)" title="Седан (автомобил) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Седан (автомобил)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuzina" title="Limuzina – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Limuzina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(autom%C3%B2bil)" title="Sedan (automòbil) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sedan (automòbil)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(automobil)" title="Sedan (automobil) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sedan (automobil)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(bil)" title="Sedan (bil) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sedan (bil)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Limousine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedaan" title="Sedaan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sedaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD_(%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF)" title="Σεντάν (αυτοκίνητο) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σεντάν (αυτοκίνητο)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sed%C3%A1n" title="Sedán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sedán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سدان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سدان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berline_(type_de_carrosserie)" title="Berline (type de carrosserie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Berline (type de carrosserie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sed%C3%A1n" title="Sedán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sedán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%8B%A8" title="세단 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D5%A9%D5%A1%D6%83%D6%84)" title="Սեդան (թափք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեդան (թափք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuzina" title="Limuzina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Limuzina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan" title="Sedan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sedan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stallbakur" title="Stallbakur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stallbakur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlina" title="Berlina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Berlina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9F_(%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91)" title="סדאן (מרכב) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סדאן (מרכב)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedans" title="Sedans – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sedans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedanas_(automobilis)" title="Sedanas (automobilis) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sedanas (automobilis)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan" title="Sedan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sedan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Лимузин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лимузин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepozcaxitl_tepozmalacatl" title="Tepozcaxitl tepozmalacatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tepozcaxitl tepozmalacatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(autotype)" title="Sedan (autotype) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sedan (autotype)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3" title="セダン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セダン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(bil)" title="Sedan (bil) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sedan (bil)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan" title="Sedan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sedan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(nadwozie)" title="Sedan (nadwozie) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sedan (nadwozie)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sed%C3%A3_(autom%C3%B3vel)" title="Sedã (automóvel) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sedã (automóvel)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(automobil)" title="Sedan (automobil) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sedan (automobil)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Седан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Седан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sedan (automobile)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan" title="Sedan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sedan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuzina" title="Limuzina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Limuzina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95" title="قەمەرە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قەمەرە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Лимузина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лимузина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuzina" title="Limuzina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Limuzina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan" title="Sedan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sedan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan" title="Sedan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sedan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%87" title="รถเก๋ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รถเก๋ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(otomobil)" title="Sedan (otomobil) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sedan (otomobil)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Седан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Седан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%91%DB%8C" title="سیڈان گاڑی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیڈان گاڑی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(%C3%B4_t%C3%B4)" title="Sedan (ô tô) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sedan (ô tô)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E5%AE%B6%E8%BB%8A" title="私家車 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="私家車" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Passenger car in a three-box configuration</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Sedan_(automobile)" title="Talk:Sedan (automobile)">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this 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.tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_G60_520i_1X7A2443.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/BMW_G60_520i_1X7A2443.jpg/200px-BMW_G60_520i_1X7A2443.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/BMW_G60_520i_1X7A2443.jpg/300px-BMW_G60_520i_1X7A2443.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/BMW_G60_520i_1X7A2443.jpg/400px-BMW_G60_520i_1X7A2443.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5689" data-file-height="2913" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">2024 <a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series" title="BMW 5 Series">BMW 5 Series</a> sedan</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg/200px-1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg/300px-1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg/400px-1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1683" data-file-height="1395" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">1928 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%9331)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Model A (1927–31)">Ford Model A</a> Tudor sedan</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dodge4Door1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Dodge4Door1920.jpg/200px-Dodge4Door1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Dodge4Door1920.jpg/300px-Dodge4Door1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Dodge4Door1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="202" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">World's first all-steel sedan made by <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Budd" title="Edward G. Budd">Budd</a> for <a href="/wiki/Dodge" title="Dodge">Dodge Bros</a>, 1919</div></div></div></div></div> <p>A <b>sedan</b> or <b>saloon</b> (<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-oxfordsaloon_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxfordsaloon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cambridgesaloon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridgesaloon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">passenger car</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Three-box_styling" class="mw-redirect" title="Three-box styling">three-box</a> configuration with separate compartments for an engine, passengers, and cargo.<sup id="cite_ref-cdn_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first recorded use of <i>sedan</i> in reference to an automobile body occurred in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name derives from the 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Litter_(vehicle)" title="Litter (vehicle)">litter</a> known as a sedan chair, a one-person enclosed box with windows and carried by porters. Variations of the sedan style include the close-coupled sedan, club sedan, convertible sedan, fastback sedan, hardtop sedan, notchback sedan, and sedanet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_body_styles_with_pillars_and_boxes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Three_body_styles_with_pillars_and_boxes.png/220px-Three_body_styles_with_pillars_and_boxes.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Three_body_styles_with_pillars_and_boxes.png/330px-Three_body_styles_with_pillars_and_boxes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Three_body_styles_with_pillars_and_boxes.png/440px-Three_body_styles_with_pillars_and_boxes.png 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1322" /></a><figcaption>Profiles of a sedan, <a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">station wagon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hatchback" title="Hatchback">hatchback</a> versions of the same model (a <a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus" title="Ford Focus">Ford Focus</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>A sedan (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a car with a closed body (i.e., a fixed metal roof) with the engine, passengers, and cargo in separate compartments.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This broad definition does not differentiate sedans from various other car body styles. Still, in practice, the typical characteristics of sedans are: </p> <ul><li>a <a href="/wiki/Pillar_(car)" title="Pillar (car)">B-pillar</a> (between the front and rear windows) that supports the roof;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>two rows of seats;<sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 134">: 134 </span></sup></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Car_body_configurations#Three-box_design" title="Car body configurations">three-box design</a> with the engine at the front and the cargo area at the rear;<sup id="cite_ref-Morello_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morello-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a less steeply sloping roofline than a coupé results in increased headroom for rear passengers and a less sporting appearance;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li>a rear interior volume of at least 33 cu ft (0.93 m<sup>3</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="Four-door"></span> It is sometimes suggested that sedans must have four doors (to provide a simple distinction between sedans and two-door <a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">coupés</a>); others state that a sedan can have four or two doors.<sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 134">: 134 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the sloping rear roofline defined the coupe, the design element has become common on many body styles with manufacturers increasingly "cross-pollinating" the style so that terms such as sedan and coupé have been loosely interpreted as "'four-door coupes' - an inherent contradiction in terms."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When a manufacturer produces two-door sedan and four-door sedan versions of the same model, the shape and position of the <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse (automotive)">greenhouse</a> on both versions may be identical, with only the B-pillar positioned further back to accommodate the longer doors on the two-door versions.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sedan-chair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sedan-chair.jpg/220px-Sedan-chair.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sedan-chair.jpg/330px-Sedan-chair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sedan-chair.jpg/440px-Sedan-chair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>Turkish sedan chair from a historical exhibition</figcaption></figure> <p>A sedan chair, a sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Litter_(vehicle)" title="Litter (vehicle)">litter</a>, is an enclosed box with windows used to transport one seated person. <a href="/wiki/Porter_(carrier)" title="Porter (carrier)">Porters</a> at the front and rear carry the chair with horizontal poles.<sup id="cite_ref-oxforddictionaries.com_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxforddictionaries.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Litters date back to long before ancient Egypt, India, and China. Sedan chairs were developed in the 1630s. <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">Etymologists</a> suggest the name of the chair very probably came through <a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">varieties of Italian</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>sedere</i>, or the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> root "<i>sed-</i>" meaning "to sit."<sup id="cite_ref-SL_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SL-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sedan_%E2%80%93_Studebaker_line_radically_reconstructed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sedan_%E2%80%93_Studebaker_line_radically_reconstructed.jpg/170px-Sedan_%E2%80%93_Studebaker_line_radically_reconstructed.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sedan_%E2%80%93_Studebaker_line_radically_reconstructed.jpg/255px-Sedan_%E2%80%93_Studebaker_line_radically_reconstructed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sedan_%E2%80%93_Studebaker_line_radically_reconstructed.jpg/340px-Sedan_%E2%80%93_Studebaker_line_radically_reconstructed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2619" data-file-height="3556" /></a><figcaption><i>Motor World</i>, November 14, 1912</figcaption></figure> <p>The first recorded use of sedan for an automobile body occurred in 1912 when the <a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a> Four and Studebaker Six models were marketed as sedans.<sup id="cite_ref-SL_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SL-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were fully enclosed automobile bodies before 1912. Long before that time, the same fully enclosed but horse-drawn carriages were known as a <i>brougham</i> in the United Kingdom, <i>berline</i> in France, and <i>berlina</i> in Italy; the latter two have become the terms for sedans in these countries. It is sometimes stated that the 1899 <a href="/wiki/Renault_Voiturette" title="Renault Voiturette">Renault Voiturette Type B</a> (a 2-seat car with an extra external seat for a footman/mechanic) was the first sedan, since it is the first known car to be produced with a roof. A one-off instance of similar coachwork is also known in a 1900 De Dion-Bouton Type D.<sup id="cite_ref-speeddoctor.net_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speeddoctor.net-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autoclassics.com_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autoclassics.com-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A sedan is typically considered to be a fixed-roof car with at least four seats.<sup id="cite_ref-SL_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SL-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on this definition, the earliest sedan was the 1911 <a href="/wiki/Speedwell_Motor_Car_Company" title="Speedwell Motor Car Company">Speedwell</a>, which was manufactured in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Georgano-_Early_and_Vintage_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Georgano-_Early_and_Vintage-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 87">: 87 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_terminology">International terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: International terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Renault_Type_B_(1900)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Renault_Type_B_%281900%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Renault_Type_B_%281900%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Renault_Type_B_%281900%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Renault_Type_B_%281900%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Renault_Type_B_%281900%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Renault_Type_B_%281900%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>1900 Renault Type B</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American Spanish">Latin American Spanish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Brazilian Portuguese</a>, the term <i>sedan</i> is used (accented as <i>sedán</i> in Spanish).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, a car of this configuration is called a <i>saloon</i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-cambridgesaloon_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridgesaloon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hatchback sedans are known simply as <i>hatchbacks</i> (not <i>hatchback saloons</i>); long-wheelbase luxury saloons with a division between the driver and passengers are <i>limousines</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <i>sedan</i> is now predominantly used; they were previously simply cars. In the 21st century, <i>saloon</i> remains in the long-established names of particular motor races.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In other languages, sedans are known as <i><a href="/wiki/Berlin_(carriage)" title="Berlin (carriage)">berline</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>), <i>berlina</i> (<a href="/wiki/European_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="European Spanish">European Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Portuguese" title="European Portuguese">European Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>), though they may include hatchbacks. These names, like the sedan, all come from forms of passenger transport used before the advent of automobiles. In <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, a sedan is called <i>Limousine</i> and a <a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">limousine</a> is a <i>Stretch-Limousine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-HaajanenEddaido_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HaajanenEddaido-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, two-door sedan models were marketed as Tudor in the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%931931)" title="Ford Model A (1927–1931)">Ford Model A (1927–1931)</a> series.<sup id="cite_ref-Fiske_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiske-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Automakers use different terms to differentiate their products and for Ford's sedan body styles "the tudor (2-door) and fordor (4-door) were marketing terms designed to stick in the minds of the public."<sup id="cite_ref-Fiske_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fiske-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ford continued to use the Tudor name for 5-window coupes, 2-door convertibles, and roadsters since all had two doors.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tudor name was also used to describe the <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_1101/1102" title="Škoda 1101/1102">Škoda 1101/1102</a> introduced in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-Cibulka_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cibulka-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The public popularized the name for a two-door model and was then applied by the automaker to the entire line that included a four-door sedan and station wagon versions.<sup id="cite_ref-Cibulka_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cibulka-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standard_styles">Standard styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Standard styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Chrysler_300_rear_4.8.18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2015_Chrysler_300_rear_4.8.18.jpg/220px-2015_Chrysler_300_rear_4.8.18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2015_Chrysler_300_rear_4.8.18.jpg/330px-2015_Chrysler_300_rear_4.8.18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2015_Chrysler_300_rear_4.8.18.jpg/440px-2015_Chrysler_300_rear_4.8.18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4445" data-file-height="2403" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_300#300C" title="Chrysler 300">Chrysler 300C</a> notchback sedan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notchback_sedans">Notchback sedans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notchback sedans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Notchback" title="Notchback">Notchback</a></div> <p>In the United States, the notchback sedan distinguishes models with a horizontal trunk lid. The term is generally only referred to in marketing when it is necessary to differentiate between two sedan body styles (e.g., notchback and fastback) of the same model range. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liftback_sedans">Liftback sedans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Liftback sedans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Liftback" title="Liftback">Liftback</a></div> <p>Several sedans have a <a href="/wiki/Fastback" title="Fastback">fastback</a> profile but a hatchback-style tailgate is hinged at the roof. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Peugeot_309" title="Peugeot 309">Peugeot 309</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Octavia" title="Škoda Octavia">Škoda Octavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Elantra" title="Hyundai Elantra">Hyundai Elantra XD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Malibu_Maxx" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevrolet Malibu Maxx">Chevrolet Malibu Maxx</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW_4_Series_Gran_Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW 4 Series Gran Coupé">BMW 4 Series Grand Coupe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audi_A5" title="Audi A5">Audi A5 Sportback</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_S" title="Tesla Model S">Tesla Model S</a>. The names hatchback and sedan are often used to differentiate between body styles of the same model. To avoid confusion, the term hatchback sedan is not often used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fastback_sedans">Fastback sedans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fastback sedans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fastback" title="Fastback">Fastback</a></div> <p>There have been many sedans with a fastback style. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VW_Standard,_Bj1950_2005-09-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1950 Volkswagen Beetle"><img alt="1950 Volkswagen Beetle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/VW_Standard%2C_Bj1950_2005-09-17.jpg/214px-VW_Standard%2C_Bj1950_2005-09-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/VW_Standard%2C_Bj1950_2005-09-17.jpg/320px-VW_Standard%2C_Bj1950_2005-09-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/VW_Standard%2C_Bj1950_2005-09-17.jpg/427px-VW_Standard%2C_Bj1950_2005-09-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2953" data-file-height="2075" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1950 <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Volkswagen Beetle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1939_Lincoln_Zephyr_fastback_4-door_sedan_r-md.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1939 Lincoln-Zephyr"><img alt="1939 Lincoln-Zephyr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1939_Lincoln_Zephyr_fastback_4-door_sedan_r-md.JPG/272px-1939_Lincoln_Zephyr_fastback_4-door_sedan_r-md.JPG" decoding="async" width="182" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1939_Lincoln_Zephyr_fastback_4-door_sedan_r-md.JPG/408px-1939_Lincoln_Zephyr_fastback_4-door_sedan_r-md.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/1939_Lincoln_Zephyr_fastback_4-door_sedan_r-md.JPG/544px-1939_Lincoln_Zephyr_fastback_4-door_sedan_r-md.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1939 <a href="/wiki/Lincoln-Zephyr" title="Lincoln-Zephyr">Lincoln-Zephyr</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1948_Cadillac_(537888887).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1948 Cadillac Series 62"><img alt="1948 Cadillac Series 62" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1948_Cadillac_%28537888887%29.jpg/200px-1948_Cadillac_%28537888887%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1948_Cadillac_%28537888887%29.jpg/300px-1948_Cadillac_%28537888887%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1948_Cadillac_%28537888887%29.jpg/400px-1948_Cadillac_%28537888887%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1948 <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Series_62" title="Cadillac Series 62">Cadillac Series 62</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2013_Mercedes-Benz_CLS_500_(C_218)_BlueEFFICIENCY_sedan_(2015-08-02)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2013 Mercedes-Benz CLS"><img alt="2013 Mercedes-Benz CLS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2013_Mercedes-Benz_CLS_500_%28C_218%29_BlueEFFICIENCY_sedan_%282015-08-02%29_02.jpg/303px-2013_Mercedes-Benz_CLS_500_%28C_218%29_BlueEFFICIENCY_sedan_%282015-08-02%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2013_Mercedes-Benz_CLS_500_%28C_218%29_BlueEFFICIENCY_sedan_%282015-08-02%29_02.jpg/454px-2013_Mercedes-Benz_CLS_500_%28C_218%29_BlueEFFICIENCY_sedan_%282015-08-02%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2013_Mercedes-Benz_CLS_500_%28C_218%29_BlueEFFICIENCY_sedan_%282015-08-02%29_02.jpg/605px-2013_Mercedes-Benz_CLS_500_%28C_218%29_BlueEFFICIENCY_sedan_%282015-08-02%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2013 <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_CLS-Class_(C218)" title="Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class (C218)">Mercedes-Benz CLS</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardtop_sedans">Hardtop sedans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hardtop sedans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1957_Cadillac_Eldorado_Brougham_4-door_hardtop_(7143765601)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/1957_Cadillac_Eldorado_Brougham_4-door_hardtop_%287143765601%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-1957_Cadillac_Eldorado_Brougham_4-door_hardtop_%287143765601%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/1957_Cadillac_Eldorado_Brougham_4-door_hardtop_%287143765601%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-1957_Cadillac_Eldorado_Brougham_4-door_hardtop_%287143765601%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/1957_Cadillac_Eldorado_Brougham_4-door_hardtop_%287143765601%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-1957_Cadillac_Eldorado_Brougham_4-door_hardtop_%287143765601%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="1930" /></a><figcaption>1957 <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Eldorado" title="Cadillac Eldorado">Cadillac Eldorado</a> four-door hardtop</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SunbeamRapierSeries1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/SunbeamRapierSeries1.jpg/220px-SunbeamRapierSeries1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/SunbeamRapierSeries1.jpg/330px-SunbeamRapierSeries1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/SunbeamRapierSeries1.jpg/440px-SunbeamRapierSeries1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>1957 <a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Rapier" title="Sunbeam Rapier">Sunbeam Rapier</a> two-door hardtop</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hardtop#Pillarless_Hardtops" title="Hardtop">Hardtop § Pillarless Hardtops</a></div> <p>Hardtop sedans were a popular body style in the United States from the 1950s to the 1970s. Hardtops are manufactured without a <a href="/wiki/Pillar_(car)" title="Pillar (car)">B-pillar</a> leaving uninterrupted open space or, when closed, glass along the side of the vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The top was intended to look like a convertible's top. However, it was fixed and made of hard material that did not fold.<sup id="cite_ref-HaajanenEddaido_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HaajanenEddaido-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All manufacturers in the United States from the early 1950s into the 1970s provided at least a 2-door hardtop model in their range and a 4-door hardtop. The lack of side bracing demanded a strong, heavy chassis frame to combat unavoidable flexing. The pillarless design was also available in four-door models using <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_frame#Unibody" title="Vehicle frame">unibody</a> construction.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, Chrysler moved to unibody designs for most of its models in 1960 and <a href="/wiki/American_Motors_Corporation" title="American Motors Corporation">American Motors Corporation</a> offered four-door sedans, as well a four-door <a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">station wagon</a> from 1958 until 1960 in the Rambler and <a href="/wiki/AMC_Ambassador" title="AMC Ambassador">Ambassador</a> series.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, the US government passed <a href="/wiki/Federal_Motor_Vehicle_Safety_Standards" title="Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards">Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 216</a> creating a standard roof strength test to measure the integrity of roof structure in motor vehicles to <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration#Regulatory_performance" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">come into effect</a> some years later. Hardtop sedan body style production ended with the 1978 <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Newport" title="Chrysler Newport">Chrysler Newport</a>. Roofs were covered with vinyl, and B-pillars were minimized by styling methods like matt black finishes. Stylists and engineers soon developed more subtle solutions.<sup id="cite_ref-HaajanenEddaido_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HaajanenEddaido-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mid-20th_century_variations">Mid-20th century variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mid-20th century variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1929Packard633CloseCoupled5PassengerClubSedanRightSide_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/1929Packard633CloseCoupled5PassengerClubSedanRightSide_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-1929Packard633CloseCoupled5PassengerClubSedanRightSide_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/1929Packard633CloseCoupled5PassengerClubSedanRightSide_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-1929Packard633CloseCoupled5PassengerClubSedanRightSide_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/1929Packard633CloseCoupled5PassengerClubSedanRightSide_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-1929Packard633CloseCoupled5PassengerClubSedanRightSide_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2564" data-file-height="1213" /></a><figcaption>1929 <a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</a> Close Coupled Sedan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Close-coupled_sedans">Close-coupled sedans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Close-coupled sedans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A close-coupled sedan is a body style produced in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s. Their two-box boxy styling made these sedans more like <a href="/wiki/Crossover_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover vehicle">crossover vehicles</a> than traditional three-box sedans. Like other close-coupled body styles, the rear seats are farther forward than a regular sedan.<sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 43">: 43 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ateupwithmotor.com_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ateupwithmotor.com-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reduced the length of the body; close-coupled sedans, also known as town sedans, were the shortest of the sedan models offered.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Models of close-coupled sedans include the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Imperial" title="Chrysler Imperial">Chrysler Imperial</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Duesenberg_Model_A" title="Duesenberg Model A">Duesenberg Model A</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</a> 745<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coach_sedans">Coach sedans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Coach sedans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bugatti_Coach_Type_73A_(1947)_pic1_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bugatti_Coach_Type_73A_%281947%29_pic1_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Bugatti_Coach_Type_73A_%281947%29_pic1_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bugatti_Coach_Type_73A_%281947%29_pic1_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Bugatti_Coach_Type_73A_%281947%29_pic1_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Bugatti_Coach_Type_73A_%281947%29_pic1_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Bugatti_Coach_Type_73A_%281947%29_pic1_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3201" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption>1947 <a href="/wiki/Bugatti" title="Bugatti">Bugatti</a> Coach</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevrolet_1932_Standard_2-Door_Coach_(3593339692)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Chevrolet_1932_Standard_2-Door_Coach_%283593339692%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Chevrolet_1932_Standard_2-Door_Coach_%283593339692%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Chevrolet_1932_Standard_2-Door_Coach_%283593339692%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Chevrolet_1932_Standard_2-Door_Coach_%283593339692%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Chevrolet_1932_Standard_2-Door_Coach_%283593339692%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Chevrolet_1932_Standard_2-Door_Coach_%283593339692%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption>1932 Chevrolet Coach</figcaption></figure> <p>A two-door sedan for four or five passengers but with less room for passengers than a standard sedan. A Coach body has no external trunk for luggage. Haajanen says it can be difficult to tell the difference between a Club and a Brougham and a Coach body, as if manufacturers were more concerned with marketing their product than adhering to strict body style definitions.<sup id="cite_ref-HaajanenEddaido_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HaajanenEddaido-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rover_3.5_coupe_P5B_ca_1967_profile_shot_showing_lowered_roofline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Rover_3.5_coupe_P5B_ca_1967_profile_shot_showing_lowered_roofline.jpg/220px-Rover_3.5_coupe_P5B_ca_1967_profile_shot_showing_lowered_roofline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Rover_3.5_coupe_P5B_ca_1967_profile_shot_showing_lowered_roofline.jpg/330px-Rover_3.5_coupe_P5B_ca_1967_profile_shot_showing_lowered_roofline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Rover_3.5_coupe_P5B_ca_1967_profile_shot_showing_lowered_roofline.jpg/440px-Rover_3.5_coupe_P5B_ca_1967_profile_shot_showing_lowered_roofline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1821" data-file-height="1093" /></a><figcaption>1967 <a href="/wiki/Rover_P5" title="Rover P5">Rover 3-litre</a> coupé</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Close-coupled_saloons">Close-coupled saloons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Close-coupled saloons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Close-coupled saloons originated as four-door thoroughbred sporting <a href="/wiki/Carriage" title="Carriage">horse-drawn carriages</a> with little room for rear passengers' feet. In automotive use, manufacturers in the United Kingdom used the term to develop the <a href="/wiki/Austin_7#Body_styles" title="Austin 7">chummy</a> body, where passengers were forced to be friendly because they were tightly packed. They provided weather protection for extra passengers in what would otherwise be a two-seater car. Two-door versions would be described in the United States and France as coach bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A postwar example is the <a href="/wiki/Rover_P5#Mark_II" title="Rover P5">Rover 3 Litre Coupé</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Club_sedans">Club sedans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Club sedans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1932_Buick_Series_90_4-Door_Club_Sedan_Classic_Car_Club_of_America_Museum_(9427583825)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/1932_Buick_Series_90_4-Door_Club_Sedan_Classic_Car_Club_of_America_Museum_%289427583825%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-1932_Buick_Series_90_4-Door_Club_Sedan_Classic_Car_Club_of_America_Museum_%289427583825%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/1932_Buick_Series_90_4-Door_Club_Sedan_Classic_Car_Club_of_America_Museum_%289427583825%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-1932_Buick_Series_90_4-Door_Club_Sedan_Classic_Car_Club_of_America_Museum_%289427583825%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/1932_Buick_Series_90_4-Door_Club_Sedan_Classic_Car_Club_of_America_Museum_%289427583825%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-1932_Buick_Series_90_4-Door_Club_Sedan_Classic_Car_Club_of_America_Museum_%289427583825%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3459" data-file-height="1860" /></a><figcaption>1932 Buick series 90 Club Sedan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1954_Kaiser_Manhattan_Club_Sedan_(34602810421)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/1954_Kaiser_Manhattan_Club_Sedan_%2834602810421%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-1954_Kaiser_Manhattan_Club_Sedan_%2834602810421%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/1954_Kaiser_Manhattan_Club_Sedan_%2834602810421%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-1954_Kaiser_Manhattan_Club_Sedan_%2834602810421%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/1954_Kaiser_Manhattan_Club_Sedan_%2834602810421%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-1954_Kaiser_Manhattan_Club_Sedan_%2834602810421%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5110" data-file-height="2537" /></a><figcaption>1954 <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Motors" title="Kaiser Motors">Kaiser</a> Manhattan Club Sedan</figcaption></figure> <p>Produced in the United States from the mid-1920s to the mid-1950s, the name club sedan was used for highly appointed models using the sedan chassis.<sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 44">: 44 </span></sup> Some people describe a club sedan as a two-door vehicle with a body style otherwise identical to the sedan models in the range.<sup id="cite_ref-hemmings.com_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hemmings.com-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others describe a club sedan as having either two or four doors and a shorter roof and therefore less interior space than the other sedan models in the range.<sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 44">: 44 </span></sup> </p><p><i>Club sedan</i> originates from a railroad train's club carriage (e.g.,, the lounge or parlour carriage).<sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 44">: 44 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1947_Buick_Sedanette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1947_Buick_Sedanette.jpg/220px-1947_Buick_Sedanette.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1947_Buick_Sedanette.jpg/330px-1947_Buick_Sedanette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1947_Buick_Sedanette.jpg/440px-1947_Buick_Sedanette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="1436" /></a><figcaption>1947 <a href="/wiki/Buick_Super#1942,_1946–1948" title="Buick Super">Buick Sedanet</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sedanets">Sedanets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sedanets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the 1910s to the 1950s, several United States manufacturers have named models either Sedanet or Sedanette. The term originated as a smaller version of the sedan;<sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen_Sedanette_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen_Sedanette-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, it has also been used for convertibles and fastback coupes. Models that have been called Sedanet or Sedanette include the 1917 <a href="/wiki/Dort_Motor_Car_Company" title="Dort Motor Car Company">Dort</a> Sedanet,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/King_(automobile)" title="King (automobile)">King</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen_Sedanette_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen_Sedanette-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1919 <a href="/wiki/Lexington_(automobile)" title="Lexington (automobile)">Lexington</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Haajanen_Sedanette_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haajanen_Sedanette-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1930s <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Fleetwood" title="Cadillac Fleetwood">Cadillac Fleetwood</a> Sedanette,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1949 <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Series_62" title="Cadillac Series 62">Cadillac Series 62</a> Sedanette,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1942-1951 <a href="/wiki/Buick_Super#1942–1948" title="Buick Super">Buick Super Sedanet</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1956 <a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_social_consequence_of_Sedans">The social consequence of Sedans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The social consequence of Sedans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sedans, as a specific category of automobiles, have had serious social consequences shaped by their design and use. Their compact and fuel-efficient nature has made them a preferred choice for urban and suburban settings, promoting individual mobility. However, this accessibility has contributed to increased urban sprawl and car dependency. Sedans, like other private vehicles, encourage dispersed living patterns, reducing the density of communities and limiting opportunities for local social interactions. This can lead to a decline in neighborhood growth and an increase in reliance on cars for even short trips, increasing environmental and health concerns through CO2 and Greenhouse Gas emissions and reduced physical activity<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Furthermore, while sedans are a practical solution for families and individuals, their role in encouraging road-centric urban planning has been criticized for reducing the viability of public transportation and active transport modes like walking and cycling. In cities heavily dependent on sedans, air pollution, noise, and traffic fatalities often increase, posing public health risks and environmental challenges<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px 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decoding="async" width="32" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/48px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/64px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="219" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Cars portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">Car classification</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan_(automobile)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-oxfordsaloon-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oxfordsaloon_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microcar" title="Microcar">Micro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei_car" title="Kei car">Kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcompact_car" title="Subcompact car">Subcompact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-segment" title="B-segment">Supermini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_car" title="Family car">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-size_car" title="Mid-size car">Mid-size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-size_car" title="Full-size car">Full-size</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Custom_car" title="Custom car">Custom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antique_car" title="Antique car">Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_car" title="Classic car">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_car" title="Economy car">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_(vehicle)" title="Ute (vehicle)">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van" title="Van">Van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_car" title="Vintage car">Vintage car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euro_Car_Segment" title="Euro Car Segment">EU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-segment" title="A-segment">A-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-segment" title="B-segment">B-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-segment" title="C-segment">C-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-segment" title="D-segment">D-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-segment" title="E-segment">E-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-segment" title="F-segment">F-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-segment" class="mw-redirect" title="J-segment">J-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-segment" class="mw-redirect" title="M-segment">M-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-segment" title="S-segment">S-segment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">Body styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baquet_(car_body_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baquet (car body style)">Baquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barchetta" title="Barchetta">Barchetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlinetta" title="Berlinetta">Berlinetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brougham_(car_body)" title="Brougham (car body)">Brougham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrio_coach" title="Cabrio coach">Cabrio coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_over" title="Cab over">Cab over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe" title="Coupe">Coupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de Ville">Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_utility" title="Coupé utility">Coupé utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastback" title="Fastback">Fastback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardtop" title="Hardtop">Hardtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchback" title="Hatchback">Hatchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammback" title="Kammback">Kammback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landaulet_(car)" title="Landaulet (car)">Landaulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liftback" title="Liftback">Liftback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microvan" title="Microvan">Microvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minibus" title="Minibus">Minibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-stop_truck" title="Multi-stop truck">Multi-stop truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notchback" title="Notchback">Notchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_van" title="Panel van">Panel van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeton_body" title="Phaeton body">Phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">Pickup truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Quad coupé">Quad coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Retractable hardtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">Roadster / Spider / Spyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runabout_(car)" title="Runabout (car)">Runabout</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saloon / Sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_van" title="Panel van">Sedan delivery/Panel van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_brake" title="Shooting brake">Shooting brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">Station wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targa_top" title="Targa top">Targa top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_(car)" title="Torpedo (car)">Torpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touring_car" title="Touring car">Touring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de Ville">Town (Coupé de Ville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-top" title="T-top">T-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vis-%C3%A0-vis_(carriage)" title="Vis-à-vis (carriage)">Vis-à-vis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized <br />vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">All-terrain vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_vehicle" title="Amphibious vehicle">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_car" title="Connected car">Connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">Driverless (autonomous)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrocar" title="Gyrocar">Gyrocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Pedal car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_car" title="Police car">Police car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_car" title="Flying car">Flying car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">Taxicab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tow_truck" title="Tow truck">Tow truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiturette" title="Voiturette">Voiturette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ground_propulsion" title="Ground propulsion">Propulsion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle" title="Alternative fuel vehicle">Alternative fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autogas" title="Autogas">Autogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogasoline" title="Biogasoline">Biogasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">Biogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">Compressed natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">Electric</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_vehicle" title="Battery electric vehicle">battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_Electric_Vehicle" title="Neighborhood Electric Vehicle">NEV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ethanol_fuel_mixtures" title="Common ethanol fuel mixtures">Ethanol</a> (<a href="/wiki/E85" title="E85">E85</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">Fossil fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">Fuel cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas" title="Fuel gas">Fuel gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">Gasoline / petrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection" title="Gasoline direct injection">direct injection</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homogeneous_charge_compression_ignition" title="Homogeneous charge compression ignition">Homogeneous charge compression ignition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle" title="Hybrid electric vehicle">Hybrid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_vehicle" title="Hydrogen vehicle">Hydrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">Internal combustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen_engine" title="Liquid nitrogen engine">Liquid nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquified_petroleum_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquified petroleum gas">Liquified petroleum gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_car" title="Steam car">Steam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drive_wheel" title="Drive wheel">Drive wheels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-wheel_drive" title="Front-wheel drive">Front-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout#Rear_wheel_drive_layouts" title="Powertrain layout">Rear-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-wheel_drive" title="Two-wheel drive">Two-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">Four-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-wheel_drive" title="Six-wheel drive">Six-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-wheel_drive" title="Eight-wheel drive">Eight-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-wheel_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten-wheel drive">Ten-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-wheel_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve-wheel drive">Twelve-wheel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Engine position</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-engine_design" title="Front-engine design">Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-engine_design" title="Mid-engine design">Mid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear-engine_design" title="Rear-engine design">Rear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(engine / drive)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-mid-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front mid-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Rear-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Front-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear mid-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Front-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Mid-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Mid-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Rear-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Dual-motor,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout">Dual motor-four-wheel</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Engine configuration</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_engine" title="H engine">H-block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">Reciprocating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-cylinder_engine" title="Single-cylinder engine">Single-cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">Straight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_engine" title="V engine">V (Vee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine" title="W engine">W engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankel_engine" title="Wankel engine">Wankel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:EC_car_classification" title="Template:EC car classification">Template:EC car classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190578#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190578#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190578#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="limousines"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/998974/">FAST</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Limousine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4671788-2">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="limousines"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh87000403">United States</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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