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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Regional powers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regional_powers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regional powers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regional_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sub-Saharan_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-Saharan_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Sub-Saharan Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-Saharan_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>South Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Asia/Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Asia/Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>West Asia/Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Asia/Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eastern_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Eastern Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Central Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Western Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Southern Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Oceania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قوة إقليمية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوة إقليمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_g%C3%BCc" title="Regional güc – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Regional güc" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Регионална сила – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Регионална сила" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot%C3%A8ncia_regional" title="Potència regional – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Potència regional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regionalmacht" title="Regionalmacht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Regionalmacht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencia_regional" title="Potencia regional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Potencia regional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiona_regpovo" title="Regiona regpovo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Regiona regpovo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="قدرت منطقه‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قدرت منطقه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puissance_r%C3%A9gionale" title="Puissance régionale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Puissance régionale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencia_rexional" title="Potencia rexional – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Potencia rexional" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD_%EA%B0%95%EA%B5%AD" title="지역 강국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지역 강국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="क्षेत्रीय शक्ति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्षेत्रीय शक्ति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekuatan_regional" title="Kekuatan regional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekuatan regional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potenza_regionale" title="Potenza regionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potenza regionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region%C3%A1lis_hatalom" title="Regionális hatalom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Regionális hatalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Регионална сила – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Регионална сила" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD" title="地域大国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地域大国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocarstwo_lokalne" title="Mocarstwo lokalne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mocarstwo lokalne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot%C3%AAncia_regional" title="Potência regional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Potência regional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Региональная держава – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Региональная держава" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alueellinen_suurvalta" title="Alueellinen suurvalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alueellinen suurvalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_stormakt" title="Regional stormakt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Regional stormakt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84" title="ประเทศอำนาจนำภูมิภาค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอำนาจนำภูมิภาค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6lgesel_g%C3%BC%C3%A7" title="Bölgesel güç – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bölgesel güç" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Регіональна держава – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Регіональна держава" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potensa_rejona%C5%82e" title="Potensa rejonałe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Potensa rejonałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_qu%E1%BB%91c_v%C3%B9ng" title="Cường quốc vùng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cường quốc vùng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD" title="地域大国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地域大国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Participants_at_the_2015_G20_Summit_in_Turkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Participants_at_the_2015_G20_Summit_in_Turkey.jpg/260px-Participants_at_the_2015_G20_Summit_in_Turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Participants_at_the_2015_G20_Summit_in_Turkey.jpg/390px-Participants_at_the_2015_G20_Summit_in_Turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Participants_at_the_2015_G20_Summit_in_Turkey.jpg/520px-Participants_at_the_2015_G20_Summit_in_Turkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Leaders of most regional powers during the <a href="/wiki/2015_G20_Antalya_summit" title="2015 G20 Antalya summit">2015 G-20 Summit</a></figcaption></figure> <style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;">Basic forms of <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="display:block; margin-bottom:0.5em; background:transparent;"> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government" title="List of forms of government">List of forms of government</a> </p> <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_system_of_government" title="List of countries by system of government">List of countries by system of government</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Source of power</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Polyarchy" title="Polyarchy">rule by many</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Demarchy">Demarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">Representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_democracy" title="Socialist democracy">Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_democracy" title="Types of democracy">Others</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a> <span class="nobold">(rule by few)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anocracy" title="Anocracy">Anocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleptocracy" title="Kleptocracy">Kleptocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritarchy" title="Kritarchy">Kritarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noocracy" title="Noocracy">Noocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particracy" title="Particracy">Particracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratocracy" title="Stratocracy">Stratocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Monocracy" title="Monocracy">rule by one</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">Despotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship" title="Military dictatorship">Military dictatorship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyranny" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyranny">Tyranny</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a> <span class="nobold">(rule by none)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_(Marxism_and_anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free association (Marxism and anarchism)">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">Stateless</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Power ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republic</a></li></ul></div> <span class="nobold">(socio-political ideologies)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_state" title="Communist state">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorial_system" title="Directorial system">Directorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy)">Legalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">Parliamentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">Presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic" title="Semi-presidential republic">Semi-presidential</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarian</a></li></ul></div> <span class="nobold">(socio-economic ideologies)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">Despotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribalism" title="Tribalism">Tribalism</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>Religious</li><li>Secular</li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_governance" title="Global governance">Global</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">Local</a></li></ul></div> <span class="nobold">(geo-cultural ideologies)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organisation">Intergovernmental organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">National government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_government" title="World government">World government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">Globalism</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Power structure</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Political_unitarism" title="Political unitarism">Unitarism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">Client state</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">Puppet state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppet_monarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppet monarch">Puppet monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_state" title="Satellite state">Satellite state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-governing_colony" title="Self-governing colony">Self-governing colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tributary_state" title="Tributary state">Tributary state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">Buffer state</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">Vassal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty" title="Viceroyalty">Viceroyalty</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstate" title="Superstate">Superstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranational union</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Power_(international_relations)" title="Power (international relations)">International relations</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_power" title="Small power">Small power</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Regional power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">Middle power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">Great power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">Superpower</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">Administrative division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_indices" title="Democracy indices">Democracy indices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_transition" title="Democratic transition">Democratic transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">Autocratization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratisation">Democratisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_regimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid regimes">Hybrid regimes</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Basic_forms_of_government" title="Template:Basic forms of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Basic_forms_of_government" title="Template talk:Basic forms of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Basic_forms_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Basic forms of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a>, <b>regional power</b>, since the late 20th<span class="nowrap"> </span>century has been used for a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> that exercises significant <a href="/wiki/Power_(international_relations)" title="Power (international relations)">power</a> within its <a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">geographical region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-es_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-es-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-po_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-po-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> States that wield unrivaled power and influence within a region of the world possess <a href="/wiki/Regional_hegemony" title="Regional hegemony">regional hegemony</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regional powers shape the <a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">polarity</a> of a regional area. Typically, regional powers have capabilities which are important in the region, but do not have capabilities at a global scale. Slightly contrasting definitions differ as to what makes a regional power. The <a href="/wiki/European_Consortium_for_Political_Research" title="European Consortium for Political Research">European Consortium for Political Research</a> defines a regional power as 'a state belonging to a geographically defined region, dominating this region in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> terms, able to exercise <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemonic</a> influence in the region and considerable influence on the world scale, willing to make use of power <a href="/wiki/Resource" title="Resource">resources</a> and recognized or even accepted as the regional leader by its neighbors.'<sup id="cite_ref-es_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-es-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German Institute of Global and Area Studies states that a regional power must:<sup id="cite_ref-po_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-po-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Form part of a definable region with its own identity</li> <li>Claim to be a regional power (self-image as a regional power)</li> <li>Exert decisive influence on the geographic extension of the region as well as on its ideological construction</li> <li>Dispose over comparatively high military, economic, <a href="/wiki/Demography" title="Demography">demographic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">political</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideological</a> capabilities</li> <li>Be well integrated into the region</li> <li>Define the regional security agenda to a high degree</li> <li>Be appreciated as a regional power by other powers in the region and beyond, especially by other regional powers</li> <li>Be well connected with regional and global forums</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_powers">Regional powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regional powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this list are states that have been described as regional powers by international relations and <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> <a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">academics</a>, analysts, or other experts. These states, to some extent, meet the criteria for regional power status, as described above. Different experts have differing views on exactly which states are regional powers. States are arranged by their region, and in alphabetical order. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even though the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Africa" title="Economy of Africa">economic weight</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> is relatively low compared to other continents, and more than two-thirds of African countries are among the <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">least developed states in the world</a>, Africa's rich natural resources and diverse cultures could carry the potential to enable future development. </p><p>Although South Africa was diplomatically isolated during the latter years of the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> era, it is considered to have successfully reintegrated into international affairs over the last 20 years. It is recognized as the only <a href="/wiki/Newly_industrialized_country" title="Newly industrialized country">newly industrialized country</a> in Africa and takes a crucial role in <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> and <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a>. </p><p>Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa" due to both its population and economy being the largest in Africa and the cultural influence that it holds over other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa through its <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nigeria" title="Cinema of Nigeria">movie industry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Nigeria" title="Mass media in Nigeria">mass media</a>. Nigeria is also <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_production" title="List of countries by oil production">the largest oil producer</a> in Africa. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> are among the largest African economies; both have GDPs over <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">$250 billion (nominal)</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">$700 billion (PPP)</a> as of 2020. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sub-Saharan_Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sub-Saharan Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G-15"><a href="#endnote_G-15">[G-15]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OPEC"><a href="#endnote_OPEC">[OPEC]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_D-8"><a href="#endnote_D-8">[D-8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_BRICS"><a href="#endnote_BRICS">[BRICS]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_CIVETS"><a href="#endnote_CIVETS">[CIVETS]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, <a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Imperial_China" title="History of China">Imperial China</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Pax_Sinica" title="Pax Sinica">dominant power</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>. From the late 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> initiated <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">far-reaching Westernizing reforms</a>, and rapidly <a href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">industrialized</a>, to become a major power in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> by the time of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, as one of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied powers</a>. With economic turmoil, Japan's expulsion from the League of Nations, and its interest in expansion on the mainland, Japan became one of the three main <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since the late 20th century, regional alliances, economic progress, and contrasting military power changed the strategic and regional power balance in Asia. In recent years, a re-balancing of military and economic power among <a href="/wiki/Emerging_power" title="Emerging power">emerging powers</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, has resulted in significant changes in the geopolitics of Asia. China and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> have also gained greater influence over regions beyond Asia. In recent decades, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> has emerged as a significant economic and <a href="/wiki/Korean_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean wave">cultural power</a> in East Asia. Japan and South Korea are <a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">important allies for the United States</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GP"><a href="#endnote_GP">[GP]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_P5"><a href="#endnote_P5">[P5]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_BRICS"><a href="#endnote_BRICS">[BRICS]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_SCO"><a href="#endnote_SCO">[SCO]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GP"><a href="#endnote_GP">[GP]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G7"><a href="#endnote_G7">[G7]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G4"><a href="#endnote_G4">[G4]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OECD"><a href="#endnote_OECD">[OECD]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_QUAD"><a href="#endnote_QUAD">[QUAD]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_MIKTA"><a href="#endnote_MIKTA">[MIKTA]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OECD"><a href="#endnote_OECD">[OECD]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-South_Korea:_A_Major_Regional_Power_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-South_Korea:_A_Major_Regional_Power-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_MIKTA"><a href="#endnote_MIKTA">[MIKTA]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_CIVETS"><a href="#endnote_CIVETS">[CIVETS]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_D-8"><a href="#endnote_D-8">[D-8]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G-15"><a href="#endnote_G-15">[G-15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ref_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: South Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GP"><a href="#endnote_GP">[GP]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G4"><a href="#endnote_G4">[G4]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_BRICS"><a href="#endnote_BRICS">[BRICS]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_SCO"><a href="#endnote_SCO">[SCO]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_QUAD"><a href="#endnote_QUAD">[QUAD]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Regions_and_powers_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regions_and_powers-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Encarta_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encarta-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="West_Asia/Middle_East"><span id="West_Asia.2FMiddle_East"></span>West Asia/Middle East</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: West Asia/Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_BRICS"><a href="#endnote_BRICS">[BRICS]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_SCO"><a href="#endnote_SCO">[SCO]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G-15"><a href="#endnote_G-15">[G-15]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OPEC"><a href="#endnote_OPEC">[OPEC]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Regions_and_powers_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regions_and_powers-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OECD"><a href="#endnote_OECD">[OECD]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Butenschøn_1992_95–119_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butenschøn_1992_95–119-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OPEC"><a href="#endnote_OPEC">[OPEC]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saudi_Arabia_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OECD"><a href="#endnote_OECD">[OECD]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_MIKTA"><a href="#endnote_MIKTA">[MIKTA]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_CIVETS"><a href="#endnote_CIVETS">[CIVETS]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_D-8"><a href="#endnote_D-8">[D-8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/European_balance_of_power" title="European balance of power">European balance of power</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> – the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">dominant part</a> of a former superpower, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, is now considered a potential superpower, and has historically been the primary geopolitical force in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, collectively known as <a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(Western_Europe)" title="Big Four (Western Europe)">Big Four in Western Europe</a>, as they play pivotal roles as part of the <a href="/wiki/Quint_(international_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quint (international organization)">NATO Quint</a> in the security of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a>. Most of the continent is now integrated as a consequence of the enlargement of the European Union, which is sometimes considered a great power as a whole, despite it not being a sovereign state.<sup id="cite_ref-google4_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google5_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google5-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, dominant powers in Europe created colonial empires (such as the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_colonial_empire" title="Belgian colonial empire">Belgian</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_overseas_colonies" title="Danish overseas colonies">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empires</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_Europe">Eastern Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Eastern Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GP"><a href="#endnote_GP">[GP]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_P5"><a href="#endnote_P5">[P5]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_BRICS"><a href="#endnote_BRICS">[BRICS]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_SCO"><a href="#endnote_SCO">[SCO]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Russia_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russia-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Central_Europe">Central Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Central Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GP"><a href="#endnote_GP">[GP]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G7"><a href="#endnote_G7">[G7]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G4"><a href="#endnote_G4">[G4]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OECD"><a href="#endnote_OECD">[OECD]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Russia_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russia-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Western_Europe">Western Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Western Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GP"><a href="#endnote_GP">[GP]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_P5"><a href="#endnote_P5">[P5]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G7"><a href="#endnote_G7">[G7]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OECD"><a href="#endnote_OECD">[OECD]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GP"><a href="#endnote_GP">[GP]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_P5"><a href="#endnote_P5">[P5]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G7"><a href="#endnote_G7">[G7]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OECD"><a href="#endnote_OECD">[OECD]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_AUKUS"><a href="#endnote_AUKUS">[AUKUS]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Huntington_2001_p._61_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huntington_2001_p._61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Samuel_P._Huntington_2000_p._6_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel_P._Huntington_2000_p._6-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southern_Europe">Southern Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Southern Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GP"><a href="#endnote_GP">[GP]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G7"><a href="#endnote_G7">[G7]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OECD"><a href="#endnote_OECD">[OECD]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OEI"><a href="#endnote_OEI">[OEI]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OECD"><a href="#endnote_OECD">[OECD]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States is the primary geopolitical force in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, and is widely considered as the sole contemporary <a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">superpower</a> globally. It dominates the region so heavily that its neighbors, Canada and Mexico, both middle powers in the region, are generally not considered regional powers. Despite having a large enough economy to be a member of the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Seven">G7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> is not a regional power for two reasons. It is militarily secure as a result of U.S. hegemony, and has become financially comfortable by its dependence on, and deep integration with, a robust U.S. economy.<sup id="cite_ref-Bothwell2011_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bothwell2011-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> is an emerging power which could probably be viewed as a regional power if grouped with <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, or a definite regional power if considered in either <a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle America</a> or in <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a> due to its <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mexico" title="Economy of Mexico">economic size</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Mexico" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Mexico">diverse cultural heritages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, similar to Canada, Mexican economy is highly reliant on the U.S. with about 80% of its exports shipping to the U.S. alone.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_GP"><a href="#endnote_GP">[GP]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_P5"><a href="#endnote_P5">[P5]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G7"><a href="#endnote_G7">[G7]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OECD"><a href="#endnote_OECD">[OECD]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_QUAD"><a href="#endnote_QUAD">[QUAD]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_AUKUS"><a href="#endnote_AUKUS">[AUKUS]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Australia is considered to be a regional power due to its significant commercial and diplomatic relations in <a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a> region since the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OECD"><a href="#endnote_OECD">[OECD]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_MIKTA"><a href="#endnote_MIKTA">[MIKTA]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_QUAD"><a href="#endnote_QUAD">[QUAD]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_AUKUS"><a href="#endnote_AUKUS">[AUKUS]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-routledge_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-routledge-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>, Portugal and Spain mostly divided <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> to be the foremost colonial powers in the continent, but following <a href="/wiki/Decolonization_of_the_Americas" title="Decolonization of the Americas">decolonization</a> in the first half of the 19th century, the European powers withdrew and new nations were established, although their cultural influence and languages still remain predominant in Latin America. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> is considered one of the most compelling geopolitical power in South America, as the country has the highest population and landmass in the continent, and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil" title="Economy of Brazil">its economic size</a>, which possesses large stockpiles of natural resources, including <a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Brazil" title="Mining in Brazil">valuable minerals</a>, a tenth of the world's fresh water and it's also one of the countries that contain the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Earth's largest remaining rainforest</a>. Brazil has an important role in international relations, especially in economic and global environmental issues.<sup id="cite_ref-Kwang_Ho_Chun_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kwang_Ho_Chun-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OEI"><a href="#endnote_OEI">[OEI]</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Huntington_2001_p._61_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huntington_2001_p._61-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Samuel_P._Huntington_2000_p._6_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuel_P._Huntington_2000_p._6-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_BRICS"><a href="#endnote_BRICS">[BRICS]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G4"><a href="#endnote_G4">[G4]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_G20"><a href="#endnote_G20">[G20]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OEI"><a href="#endnote_OEI">[OEI]</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_great_powers" title="List of medieval great powers">List of historical great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_great_powers" title="List of modern great powers">List of modern great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">Middle power</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_GP"><b><a href="#ref_GP">^</a></b></span> Considered a <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great power</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_AUKUS"><b><a href="#ref_AUKUS">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_OEI"><b><a href="#ref_OEI">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">OEI</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_BRICS"><b><a href="#ref_BRICS">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_CIVETS"><b><a href="#ref_CIVETS">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/CIVETS" title="CIVETS">CIVETS</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_OECD"><b><a href="#ref_OECD">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Pacific_Alliance"><b><a href="#ref_Pacific_Alliance">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_D-8"><b><a href="#ref_D-8">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation" title="D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation">D-8</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_G7"><b><a href="#ref_G7">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Seven">G7</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_G-14"><b><a href="#ref_G-14">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/G14_(nations)" title="G14 (nations)">G-14</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_G-15"><b><a href="#ref_G-15">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/Group_of_15" title="Group of 15">G-15</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_G20"><b><a href="#ref_G20">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_MIKTA"><b><a href="#ref_MIKTA">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/MIKTA" title="MIKTA">MIKTA</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_OPEC"><b><a href="#ref_OPEC">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_QUAD"><b><a href="#ref_QUAD">^</a></b></span> Member of <a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Security_Dialogue" title="Quadrilateral Security Dialogue">QUAD</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_SCO"><b><a href="#ref_SCO">^</a></b></span> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a> (SCO)</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_G4"><b><a href="#ref_G4">^</a></b></span> One of the <a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4 nations</a></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_P5"><b><a href="#ref_P5">^</a></b></span> <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">Permanent member of the UN Security Council</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-es-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-es_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-es_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joachim Betz, Ian Taylor, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.essex.ac.uk/ECPR/events/jointsessions/helsinki/long_ws_outlines/ws9.doc">"The Rise of (New) Regional Powers in Asia, Africa, Latin America..."</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, German Overseas Institute & University of St. Andrews, May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-po-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-po_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-po_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Beck, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327080130/http://www.giga-hamburg.de/content/forumregional/pdf/giga_conference_RegionalPowers_0612/giga_RegPowers0612_paper_beck.pdf"><i>The Concept of Regional Power: The Middle East as a Deviant Case?</i></a>, German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Hamburg, 11–12 December 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFlemes2010" class="citation book cs1">Flemes, Daniel (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u_6mPWRGKlIC&q=South+Africa+is+not+the+sole+regional+power+on+the+continent%2C+though%3B+Nigeria+is+the+other+widely+acknowledge+centre+of+power+in+Africa+and+likewise+a+sub-regional+superpower+in+West+Africa"><i>Regional Leadership in the Global System: Ideas, Interests and Strategies of Regional Powers</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780754679127" title="Special:BookSources/9780754679127"><bdi>9780754679127</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regional+Leadership+in+the+Global+System%3A+Ideas%2C+Interests+and+Strategies+of+Regional+Powers&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780754679127&rft.aulast=Flemes&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du_6mPWRGKlIC%26q%3DSouth%2BAfrica%2Bis%2Bnot%2Bthe%2Bsole%2Bregional%2Bpower%2Bon%2Bthe%2Bcontinent%252C%2Bthough%253B%2BNigeria%2Bis%2Bthe%2Bother%2Bwidely%2Backnowledge%2Bcentre%2Bof%2Bpower%2Bin%2BAfrica%2Band%2Blikewise%2Ba%2Bsub-regional%2Bsuperpower%2Bin%2BWest%2BAfrica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_United_States_and_the_Great_Powers_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuzan2004" class="citation book cs1">Buzan, Barry (2004). <i>The United States and the Great Powers</i>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-3375-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-3375-6"><bdi>978-0-7456-3375-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+and+the+Great+Powers&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Polity+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7456-3375-6&rft.aulast=Buzan&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061012033753/http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/ASR/9No3/SAMiddlePower.html">"www.iss.co.za"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/ASR/9No3/SAMiddlePower.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=www.iss.co.za&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iss.co.za%2FPubs%2FASR%2F9No3%2FSAMiddlePower.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is by far the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and now it is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid (white rule), when it was ostracized." See David Lynch, <i>Trade and Globalization</i> (Lanham, USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2010), p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cambridge-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolliday2006" class="citation journal cs1">Holliday, IAN (2006). "Japan and the Myanmar Stalemate: Regional Power and Resolution of a Regional Problem| Japanese Journal of Political Science | Cambridge Core". <i>Japanese Journal of Political Science</i>. <b>6</b> (3): 393. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1468109905001969">10.1017/S1468109905001969</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154946583">154946583</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japanese+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Japan+and+the+Myanmar+Stalemate%3A+Regional+Power+and+Resolution+of+a+Regional+Problem%26%23124%3B+Japanese+Journal+of+Political+Science+%26%23124%3B+Cambridge+Core&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=393&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1468109905001969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154946583%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Holliday&rft.aufirst=IAN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-South_Korea:_A_Major_Regional_Power-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-South_Korea:_A_Major_Regional_Power_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journalofsociology.ro/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Full-text-pdf.5.pdf">"South Korea: A Major Regional Power"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Journal of Sociology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Korea%3A+A+Major+Regional+Power&rft.pub=Journal+of+Sociology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournalofsociology.ro%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F08%2FFull-text-pdf.5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ref_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emmers, Ralf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/7/3/9/2/p73921_index.html">"Regional hegemonies and the exercise of power in Southeast Asia: A study of Indonesia and Vietnam"</a> Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 17 March 2004. Retrieved 17 April 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Regions_and_powers-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Regions_and_powers_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Regions_and_powers_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuzan_&_Wæver,_Regions_and_Powers2003">Buzan & Wæver, Regions and Powers (2003</a>, p. 55)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkovich" class="citation journal cs1">Perkovich, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227014858/http://www.twq.com/04winter/docs/04winter_perkovich.pdf">"Is India a Major Power?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Washington Quarterly</i> (27.1 Winter 2003–04). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twq.com/04winter/docs/04winter_perkovich.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Is+India+a+Major+Power%3F&rft.issue=27.1+Winter+2003%E2%80%9304&rft.aulast=Perkovich&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twq.com%2F04winter%2Fdocs%2F04winter_perkovich.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encarta-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encarta_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761590309/Great_Powers.html">Encarta - Great Powers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091031190936/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761590309/Great_Powers.html">Archived</a> 31 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDilip_Mohite1993" class="citation web cs1">Dilip Mohite (Spring 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901150133/http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/Research/S%26Ps/1993-Sp/S%26P_VII-3/great_power.html">"Swords and Ploughshares- India: The Fourth Great Power?"</a>. Vol. 7, No. 3. Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security (ACDIS). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/Research/S&Ps/1993-Sp/S&P_VII-3/great_power.html">the original</a> on 1 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swords+and+Ploughshares-+India%3A+The+Fourth+Great+Power%3F&rft.series=Vol.+7%2C+No.+3&rft.pub=Arms+Control%2C+Disarmament%2C+and+International+Security+%28ACDIS%29&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Dilip+Mohite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acdis.uiuc.edu%2FResearch%2FS%26Ps%2F1993-Sp%2FS%26P_VII-3%2Fgreat_power.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Iran is a strong regional power, in a far better shape than Pakistan because of its economic capabilities, rich mineral and energy resources, and internal stability, added to its far greater geostrategic importance." In Hooman Peimani, <i>Nuclear Proliferation in the Indian Subcontinent</i> (Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2000), p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Butenschøn_1992_95–119-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Butenschøn_1992_95–119_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButenschøn1992" class="citation book cs1">Butenschøn, Nils A. (1992). "Israel as a Regional Great Power: Paradoxes of Regional Alienation". <i>Regional Great Powers in International Politics</i>. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 95–119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-12661-3_5">10.1007/978-1-349-12661-3_5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781349126637" title="Special:BookSources/9781349126637"><bdi>9781349126637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Israel+as+a+Regional+Great+Power%3A+Paradoxes+of+Regional+Alienation&rft.btitle=Regional+Great+Powers+in+International+Politics&rft.place=London&rft.pages=95-119&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-349-12661-3_5&rft.isbn=9781349126637&rft.aulast=Butensch%C3%B8n&rft.aufirst=Nils+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saudi_Arabia-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saudi_Arabia_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhteshami2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ehteshami, Anoush (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dro.dur.ac.uk/25573/1/25573.pdf">"Saudi Arabia as a Resurgent Regional Power"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The International Spectator</i>. <b>53</b> (4): 75–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03932729.2018.1507722">10.1080/03932729.2018.1507722</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158177906">158177906</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Spectator&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+as+a+Resurgent+Regional+Power&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=75-94&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03932729.2018.1507722&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158177906%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ehteshami&rft.aufirst=Anoush&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdro.dur.ac.uk%2F25573%2F1%2F25573.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenan_Aksu2013" class="citation book cs1">Kenan Aksu (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridgescholars.com/resources/pdfs/978-1-4438-4870-1-sample.pdf"><i>Turkey: A Regional Power in the Making</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-4870-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4438-4870-1"><bdi>978-1-4438-4870-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey%3A+A+Regional+Power+in+the+Making&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4438-4870-1&rft.au=Kenan+Aksu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridgescholars.com%2Fresources%2Fpdfs%2F978-1-4438-4870-1-sample.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeniz_Devrim,_Evelina_Schulz" class="citation web cs1">Deniz Devrim, Evelina Schulz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/analyses/turkeys-rise-as-a-regional-power-and-its-role-in-the-european-neighbourhood-ari/">"Turkey's Rise as a Regional Power and its Role in the European Neighbourhood (ARI)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elcano_Royal_Institute" title="Elcano Royal Institute">Elcano Royal Institute</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+Rise+as+a+Regional+Power+and+its+Role+in+the+European+Neighbourhood+%28ARI%29&rft.pub=Elcano+Royal+Institute&rft.au=Deniz+Devrim%2C+Evelina+Schulz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.realinstitutoelcano.org%2Fen%2Fanalyses%2Fturkeys-rise-as-a-regional-power-and-its-role-in-the-european-neighbourhood-ari%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndré_BankRoy_Karadag2013" class="citation book cs1">André Bank; Roy Karadag (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137484758_6"><i>Before the Arab Revolts and After: Turkey's Transformed Regional Power Status in the Middle East</i></a>. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 103–121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9781137484758_6">10.1057/9781137484758_6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-50355-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-50355-1"><bdi>978-1-349-50355-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+the+Arab+Revolts+and+After%3A+Turkey%27s+Transformed+Regional+Power+Status+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=103-121&rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9781137484758_6&rft.isbn=978-1-349-50355-1&rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Bank&rft.au=Roy+Karadag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1057%2F9781137484758_6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google4-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google4_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirchner,_E.J.Sperling,_J.2007" class="citation book cs1">Kirchner, E.J.; Sperling, J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xVN_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA265"><i>Global Security Governance: Competing Perceptions of Security in the Twenty-First Century</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134222223" title="Special:BookSources/9781134222223"><bdi>9781134222223</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Security+Governance%3A+Competing+Perceptions+of+Security+in+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781134222223&rft.au=Kirchner%2C+E.J.&rft.au=Sperling%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxVN_AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google5-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google5_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAghion,_P.Durlauf,_S.N.2005" class="citation book cs1">Aghion, P.; Durlauf, S.N. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fQ4JBwLsz8cC&pg=PA788"><i>Handbook of Economic Growth</i></a>. Elsevier. p. 788. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780444520418" title="Special:BookSources/9780444520418"><bdi>9780444520418</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Economic+Growth&rft.pages=788&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780444520418&rft.au=Aghion%2C+P.&rft.au=Durlauf%2C+S.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfQ4JBwLsz8cC%26pg%3DPA788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGötz2007" class="citation journal cs1">Götz, Ronald (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/fachpublikationen/Strategic_Partners_ks.pdf">"Germany and Russia - strategic partners?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/German_Institute_for_International_and_Security_Affairs" title="German Institute for International and Security Affairs">German Institute for International and Security Affairs</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=German+Institute+for+International+and+Security+Affairs&rft.atitle=Germany+and+Russia+-+strategic+partners%3F&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6tz&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swp-berlin.org%2Fpublications%2Fproducts%2Ffachpublikationen%2FStrategic_Partners_ks.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huntington_2001_p._61-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Huntington_2001_p._61_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huntington_2001_p._61_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Secondary regional powers in Huntington's view include Great Britain, Ukraine, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Argentina." See Tom Nierop, "The Clash of Civilisations," in <i>The Territorial Factor</i>, edited by Gertjan Dijkink and Hans Knippenberg (Amsterdam: Vossiuspers UvA, 2001), p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Samuel_P._Huntington_2000_p._6-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Samuel_P._Huntington_2000_p._6_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samuel_P._Huntington_2000_p._6_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel P. Huntington, "Culture, Power, and Democracy," in <i>Globalization, Power, and Democracy</i>, edited by Marc Plattner and Aleksander Smolar (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gabriele Abbondanza, <i>Italy as a Regional Power: the African Context from National Unification to the Present Day</i> (Rome: Aracne, 2016)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The reality of Spain in 2021 is that of a relevant middle power with the potential to gain more importance in the world. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/consejodeministros/resumenes/Documents/2021/270421-foreigh_action_strategy_2021-2024.pdf">https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/consejodeministros/resumenes/Documents/2021/270421-foreigh_action_strategy_2021-2024.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spain, as a middle power with global connections and goals. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://arctic-council.org/news/interview-with-arctic-council-observer-spain/">https://arctic-council.org/news/interview-with-arctic-council-observer-spain/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MelbJIL/2013/18.pdf">http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MelbJIL/2013/18.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12621063/index.pdf">https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12621063/index.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bothwell2011-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bothwell2011_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBothwell2011" class="citation thesis cs1">Bothwell, Alice (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/6698"><i>Can Canada still be considered a middle power? Zimbabwe and Canada's declining global role</i></a> (Masters Degrees (Political Science) thesis). Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10019.1%2F6698">10019.1/6698</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Can+Canada+still+be+considered+a+middle+power%3F+Zimbabwe+and+Canada%27s+declining+global+role&rft.degree=Masters+Degrees+%28Political+Science%29&rft.inst=Stellenbosch+%3A+University+of+Stellenbosch&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10019.1%2F6698&rft.aulast=Bothwell&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.sun.ac.za%2Fhandle%2F10019.1%2F6698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaihold2017" class="citation journal cs1">Maihold, Günther (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/fachpublikationen/170306_ilm_IJ_Mexico.pdf">"Mexico: A leader in search of like-minded peers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="International Journal">International Journal</a></i>. <b>71</b> (4): 545–562. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0020702016687336">10.1177/0020702016687336</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152064492">152064492</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal&rft.atitle=Mexico%3A+A+leader+in+search+of+like-minded+peers&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=545-562&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0020702016687336&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A152064492%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Maihold&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swp-berlin.org%2Fpublications%2Fproducts%2Ffachpublikationen%2F170306_ilm_IJ_Mexico.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RL32934.pdf">"US-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional Research Service. 25 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023135759/https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RL32934.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2021</span>. <q>Mexico's per capita GDP is relatively high by global standards, and falls within the World Bank's upper-middle income category. Mexico's economy relies heavily on the United States as an export market. The value of exports equaled 39% of Mexico's GDP in 2019, as shown in Table 1, and approximately 80% of Mexico's exports were headed to the United States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-Mexico+Economic+Relations%3A+Trends%2C+Issues%2C+and+Implications&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2020-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsgp.fas.org%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FRL32934.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.candriam.com/en/professional/market-insights/topics/macro/mexico-economy-highly-dependent-on-the-united-states/">"Mexico: Economy Highly Dependent on the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Candriam" title="Candriam">Candriam</a>. 2 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211103210301/https://www.candriam.com/en/professional/market-insights/topics/macro/mexico-economy-highly-dependent-on-the-united-states/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mexico%3A+Economy+Highly+Dependent+on+the+United+States&rft.pub=Candriam&rft.date=2019-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.candriam.com%2Fen%2Fprofessional%2Fmarket-insights%2Ftopics%2Fmacro%2Fmexico-economy-highly-dependent-on-the-united-states%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArgounès2012" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Argounès, Fabrice (5 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn-int.info/article-E_POUV_141_0103--australia-the-temptation-of-regional-pow.htm">"Australia: the Temptation of Regional Power"</a>. <i>Pouvoirs</i> (in French). <b>141</b> (2): 103–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Fpouv.141.0103">10.3917/pouv.141.0103</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0152-0768">0152-0768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pouvoirs&rft.atitle=Australia%3A+the+Temptation+of+Regional+Power&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=103-116&rft.date=2012-07-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Fpouv.141.0103&rft.issn=0152-0768&rft.aulast=Argoun%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=Fabrice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairn-int.info%2Farticle-E_POUV_141_0103--australia-the-temptation-of-regional-pow.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-routledge-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-routledge_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407140806/https://www.routledge.com/Australia-as-an-Asia-Pacific-Regional-Power-Friendships-in-Flux-1st/Taylor/p/book/9780415404211">"Australia as an Asia-Pacific Regional Power: Friendships in Flux? (Hardback) - Routledge"</a>. routledge.com. 12 September 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.routledge.com/shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?curTab=Author%20Biography&id=&parent_id=3459&sku=&isbn=9780415404211&pc=/shopping_cart/categories/categories_products.asp!parent_id=3459$so=1">the original</a> on 7 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australia+as+an+Asia-Pacific+Regional+Power%3A+Friendships+in+Flux%3F+%28Hardback%29+-+Routledge&rft.pub=routledge.com&rft.date=2007-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Fshopping_cart%2Fproducts%2Fproduct_detail.asp%3FcurTab%3DAuthor%2520Biography%26id%3D%26parent_id%3D3459%26sku%3D%26isbn%3D9780415404211%26pc%3D%2Fshopping_cart%2Fcategories%2Fcategories_products.asp%21parent_id%3D3459%24so%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kwang_Ho_Chun-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kwang_Ho_Chun_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKwang_Ho_Chun2013" class="citation book cs1">Kwang Ho Chun (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LgDJNAEACAAJ"><i>The BRICs Superpower Challenge: Foreign and Security Policy Analysis</i></a>. Ashgate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-6869-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-6869-1"><bdi>978-1-4094-6869-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+BRICs+Superpower+Challenge%3A+Foreign+and+Security+Policy+Analysis&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-6869-1&rft.au=Kwang+Ho+Chun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLgDJNAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Argentina has been the leading military and economic power in the Southern Cone in the Twentieth Century." See Michael Morris, "The Srait of Magellan," in <i>International Straits of the World</i>, edited by Gerard Mangone (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishes, 1988), p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The US has created a foundation upon which the regional powers, especially Argentina and Brazil, can developed their own rules for further managing regional relations." See David Lake, "Regional Hierarchies," in <i>Globalising the Regional</i>, edited by Rick Fawn (UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The southern cone of South America, including Argentina and Brazil, the two regional powers, has recently become a pluralistic security community." See Emanuel Adler and Patricia Greve, "Overlapping regional mechanisms of security governance," in <i>Globalising the Regional</i>, edited by Rick Fawn (UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"[...] notably by linking the Southern Cone's rival regional powers, Brazil and Argentina." See Alejandra Ruiz-Dana, Peter Goldschag, Edmundo Claro and Hernan Blanco, "Regional integration, trade and conflicts in Latin America," in <i>Regional Trade Integration and Conflict Resolution</i>, edited by Shaheen Rafi Khan (New York: Routledge, 2009), p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The driving force behind the adoption of the MERCOSUR agreement was similar to that of the establishment of the EU: the hope of limiting the possibilities of traditional military hostility between the major regional powers, Brazil and Argentina." See Anestis Papadopoulos, <i>The International Dimension of EU Competition Law and Policy</i> (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_LimaHirst" class="citation web cs1">De Lima, Maria Regina Soares; Hirst, Monica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106023112/http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International%20Affairs/Blanket%20File%20Import/inta_513.pdf">"Brazil as an intermediate state and regional power: action, choice and responsibilities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Chatham House. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International%20Affairs/Blanket%20File%20Import/inta_513.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brazil+as+an+intermediate+state+and+regional+power%3A+action%2C+choice+and+responsibilities&rft.pub=Chatham+House&rft.aulast=De+Lima&rft.aufirst=Maria+Regina+Soares&rft.au=Hirst%2C+Monica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chathamhouse.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublic%2FInternational%2520Affairs%2FBlanket%2520File%2520Import%2Finta_513.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWigell2011" class="citation web cs1">Wigell, Mikael (19 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603114150/http://www.fiia.fi/assets/publications/bp82.pdf">"Assertive Brazil, an emerging power and its implications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Finnish Institute of International Affairs. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiia.fi/assets/publications/bp82.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assertive+Brazil%2C+an+emerging+power+and+its+implications&rft.pub=Finnish+Institute+of+International+Affairs&rft.date=2011-05-19&rft.aulast=Wigell&rft.aufirst=Mikael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiia.fi%2Fassets%2Fpublications%2Fbp82.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchenoni2015" class="citation journal cs1">Schenoni, Luis (July–December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/12944490">"Unveiling the South American Balance"</a>. <i>Estudos Internacionais</i>. <b>2</b> (2): 215–232<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estudos+Internacionais&rft.atitle=Unveiling+the+South+American+Balance&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=215-232&rft.date=2015-07%2F2015-12&rft.aulast=Schenoni&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F12944490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Russia-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Russia_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Russia_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Russia and Germany have historically been considered key regional players in European affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_power&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuzan_&_Wæver,_Regions_and_Powers2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Buzan" title="Barry Buzan">Buzan, Barry</a>; Wæver, Ole (2003), <a href="/wiki/Regions_and_Powers:_The_Structure_of_International_Security" title="Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security"><i>Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security</i></a>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 55, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89111-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89111-0"><bdi>978-0-521-89111-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regions+and+Powers%3A+The+Structure+of+International+Security&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89111-0&rft.aulast=Buzan&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.au=W%C3%A6ver%2C+Ole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Godehardt, Nadine; Nabers, Dirk, eds. (2011), <i>Regional Orders and Regional Powers</i>, Routledge, pp. 193–208, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-71891-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-71891-5"><bdi>978-1-136-71891-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regional+Orders+and+Regional+Powers&rft.pages=193-208&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-136-71891-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Stewart-Ingersoll, Robert; Frazier, Derrick (2012), <i>Regional Powers and Security Orders: A Theoretical Framework</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-56919-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-56919-4"><bdi>978-0-415-56919-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regional+Powers+and+Security+Orders%3A+A+Theoretical+Framework&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-415-56919-4&rft.aulast=Stewart-Ingersoll&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Frazier%2C+Derrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARegional+power" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Power_in_international_relations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_power" title="Template:International power"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_power" title="Template talk:International power"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_power" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International power"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Power_in_international_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Power_(international_relations)" title="Power (international relations)">Power in international relations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_power" title="Economic power">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_superpower" title="Energy superpower">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_power" title="Food power">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_power" title="Hard power">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_power" title="Maritime power">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_power" title="National power">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_politics" title="Power politics">Politics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_power" title="Sharp power">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_power" title="Smart power">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">Soft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_power" title="Small power">Small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">Middle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_power" title="Emerging power">Emerging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_of_the_Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Least of the Great Powers">Least Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_superpower" title="Potential superpower">Potential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">Super</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pax_Americana" title="Pax Americana">Pax</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Century" title="Asian Century">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Century" title="Indian Century">Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Century" title="Pacific Century">Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_great_powers" title="List of ancient great powers">List of ancient great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_great_powers" title="List of medieval great powers">List of medieval great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_great_powers" title="List of modern great powers">List of modern great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">International relations (1814–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Western_era" title="Post-Western era">Post-Western era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_decline" title="American decline">American decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_balance_of_power" title="European balance of power">European</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_stability_theory" title="Hegemonic stability theory">Hegemonic stability theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Philosophy of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">Polarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_transition_theory" title="Power transition theory">Power transition theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Superpower" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Superpower">Second Superpower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpower collapse">Superpower collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower_disengagement" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpower disengagement">Superpower disengagement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_Index_of_National_Capability" title="Composite Index of National Capability">Composite Index of National Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_National_Power" title="Comprehensive National Power">Comprehensive National Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Organizations_and_groups_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Organizations and groups</a> by region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States (ACS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System (SICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States (OAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Interaction_and_Confidence-Building_Measures_in_Asia" title="Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia">Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Cooperation_Secretariat" title="Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat">Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe (CoE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community (EPC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union (EU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group (V4)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">North America–Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–Asia–Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Oceania–Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">Australia–New Zealand–United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em;padding:0.35em 1.0em;line-height:1.25em;">Non–regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Speaking_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries">Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E9_(countries)" title="E9 (countries)">E9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eight" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Eight">G8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G8%2B5" title="G8+5">G8+5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_24" title="Group of 24">G24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_for_Consensus" title="Uniting for Consensus">Uniting for Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations (UN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved 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