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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لويس دي جوكور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لويس دي جوكور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Луи дьо Жокур – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Луи дьо Жокур" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Louis de Jaucourt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Louis de Jaucourt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Louis de Jaucourt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Louis de Jaucourt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%96%CF%89%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81" title="Λουί ντε Ζωκούρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λουί ντε Ζωκούρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Louis de Jaucourt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louis de Jaucourt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Louis de Jaucourt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="لويس دى جاوكورت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لويس دى جاوكورت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ルイ・ド・ジョクール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイ・ド・ジョクール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Louis de Jaucourt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Louis de Jaucourt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Louis de Jaucourt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Жокур, Луи де – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жокур, Луи де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Louis de Jaucourt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%97_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80" title="Луї де Жокур – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Луї де Жокур" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Louis de Jaucourt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ChevalierLouisJaucourt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/ChevalierLouisJaucourt.jpg/220px-ChevalierLouisJaucourt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/ChevalierLouisJaucourt.jpg/330px-ChevalierLouisJaucourt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/ChevalierLouisJaucourt.jpg/440px-ChevalierLouisJaucourt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="834" data-file-height="1104" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1704-09-16</span>)</span>16 September 1704<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Paris, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 February 1779<span style="display:none">(1779-02-03)</span> (aged 74)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Compiègne">Compiègne</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Physician, <a href="/wiki/Philosophe" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophe">philosophe</a>, writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Chevalier</a> <b>Louis de Jaucourt</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[də<span class="wrap"> </span>ʒokuʁ]</a></span>; 16 September 1704 – 3 February 1779) was a French scholar and the most prolific contributor to the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a></i>. He wrote about 17,000 articles on subjects including <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">pathology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Political_history" title="Political history">political history</a>, or about 25% of the entire encyclopaedia, all done voluntarily.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the generations after the <i>Encyclopédie</i>'s, mainly due to his aristocratic background, his legacy was largely overshadowed by the more bohemian <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> and others, but by the mid-20th century more scholarly attention was being paid to him. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Jaucourt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jaucourt was born in Paris, the youngest son of an aristocratic family. The Jaucourt family belonged to the Burgundian peasant nobility and had become <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a>, and was therefore regarded with suspicion by the powers of Catholic France. As he could not entirely rely on inheritance or status to support himself, Jaucourt became a scholar. He studied theology in Geneva, <a href="/wiki/Natural_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural sciences">natural sciences</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, and medicine in <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>. Upon returning to France, he spent the next 20 years writing the <i>Lexicon medicum universale</i>, a six-volume work on <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a>. He sent it to be published in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> to avoid French censorship but the ship carrying the sole manuscript sank, and 20 years of labour was lost. He also wrote a biography of <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Leibniz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He practiced medicine and was a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> in London and member of the academies of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Stockholm (elected a foreign member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a> in 1756), and <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Encyclopédie"><span id="The_Encyclop.C3.A9die"></span>The <i>Encyclopédie</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Jaucourt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Encyclopédie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jaucourt volunteered to work on the <i>Encyclopédie</i>, recruited by publisher <a href="/wiki/Michel-Antoine_David" title="Michel-Antoine David">Michel-Antoine David</a> starting with the second volume of the work. He began modestly, with only a few articles in each of the next several volumes, but gradually became more and more involved. Between 1759 and 1765 he wrote on average 8 encyclopaedia articles per day, for a total of 17,266 out of 71,818 articles (or about 25%), making him by far the single most prolific contributor to <i>Encyclopédie</i>. His contributions come to some 4,700,000 words. He was especially active in the later volumes, writing between 30% and 45% of the articles in volumes 10 to 17. This earned him the nickname <i>l'esclave de l'Encyclopédie</i> (the slave of the Encyclopedia). </p><p> By the publication of the eighth volume, Diderot saw fit to thank his collaborator for his tireless dedication to the project, stating:</p><blockquote><p>"If we have raised a shout of joy like the sailor when he espies land after a sombre night that has kept him midway between sky and flood, it is to M. de Jaucourt that we are indebted for it. What has he not done for us, especially in these latter times? With what constancy has he not refused all the solicitations, whether of friendship or of authority, that sought to take him away from us? Never has sacrifice of repose, of health, of interest been more absolute and more entire."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Unlike other editors, Jaucourt was independently wealthy and asked for no payment for his full-time labours. He employed a group of secretaries, out of his own pocket, to help with the effort and to take his dictation.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of his works consisted of summarising full books and other longer works into encyclopaedia articles, with much content copied verbatim from existing sources, earning him the derision of some contributors that favored more original thought.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jaucourt did not consistently create original articles expressing his own opinions and views of his subjects, but rather implicitly showed his personal beliefs through the careful cultivation of certain passages, emphasis and reiteration, and even word choice.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The authors he selected also show how he chose which messages to disseminate under the broader context of each article. For example, in his article on "Government" Jaucourt draws nearly verbatim from the writings of <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given the politically incendiary tone of the works Jaucourt copied and paraphrased from, he concealed the names and publication information of much of his source material. Often to avoid censure, the writer would misattribute quotations, such as when he borrowed a fellow philosophe's quote decrying tyranny and attributed it to <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He wrote mainly on the sciences, especially medicine and biology. He took a firmly <a href="/wiki/Mechanism_(philosophy)" title="Mechanism (philosophy)">mechanist</a> approach to the subject. This is in sharp contrast to the other major contributor in this area, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9nuret_de_Chambaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ménuret de Chambaud (page does not exist)">Ménuret de Chambaud</a>, who had a firmly <a href="/wiki/Vitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitalist">vitalist</a> view. </p><p>While his main focus was on science and biology, he also covered a wide array of other subjects. It is in his works on history and society that his political and philosophical views become clearly evident. He wrote articles of central importance on war, monarchy, people, and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. His writing is never as openly political as other contributors such as <a href="/wiki/Diderot" class="mw-redirect" title="Diderot">Diderot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, but it is clear that he possessed deeply held views. Some of his works, such as those on historical subjects clearly contain radical and anti-clerical messages through implied comparisons between the ancient past and modern France, such as in his article "Paris". Presenting criticisms through these parallels allowed Jaucourt to both bypass the censors that plagued most contributors to the <i>Encyclopédie</i> and to allow his commentaries on society in a less overt but still impactful way.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jaucourt also criticized <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a> and superstition, following <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a> in interpreting superstition primarily as an intellectual error.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also wrote important pieces on <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>, the <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">slave trade</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black people</a>, all strongly condemning slavery as counter to both natural rights and liberties.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alastair Davidson has stated that though not regarded today as one of the foremost contributors to Enlightenment theory or political thought, Jaucourt's writings demonstrate great dedication to many Enlightenment principles. As he delineates in his article "Traite des nègres," he believed that the commodification of human life is abhorrent and that every person has the fundamental right of freedom. He also rejected superstition and held that while superstition should be cast aside, even superstitions were preferable to beliefs instilled by coercion or force.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died, aged 74, in <a href="/wiki/Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Compiègne">Compiègne</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Jaucourt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rde_0769-0886_1989_num_7_1_1036">Frank A. Kafker: <i>Notices sur les auteurs des dix-sept volumes de « discours » de l'Encyclopédie. Recherches sur Diderot et sur l'Encyclopédie.</i> 1989, Volume 7, Numéro 7, p. 144</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">published with the pseudonym of L. de Neufville, Histoire de la vie, et des Ouvrages de Mr. Leibnitz, Amsterdam, 1734</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDiderot_(Biography)2003" class="citation journal cs1">Diderot (Biography), Denis (August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/did2222.0000.148/--foreword-to-volume-viii?rgn=main;view=fulltext">"Foreword, to volume VIII"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert - Collaborative Translation Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Diderot+%26+d%27Alembert+-+Collaborative+Translation+Project&rft.atitle=Foreword%2C+to+volume+VIII&rft.date=2003-08&rft.aulast=Diderot+%28Biography%29&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fd%2Fdid%2Fdid2222.0000.148%2F--foreword-to-volume-viii%3Frgn%3Dmain%3Bview%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+de+Jaucourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdelsteinMorrisseyRoe2013" class="citation journal cs1">Edelstein, Dan; Morrissey, Robert; Roe, Glenn (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/12090/1/Roe_ToQuote_2013.pdf">"To Quote or not to Quote: Citation Strategies in the "Encyclopédie"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the History of Ideas</i>. <b>74</b> (2): 213–236. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjhi.2013.0012">10.1353/jhi.2013.0012</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1885%2F12090">1885/12090</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43291299">43291299</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144455523">144455523</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Ideas&rft.atitle=To+Quote+or+not+to+Quote%3A+Citation+Strategies+in+the+%22Encyclop%C3%A9die%22&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=213-236&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1885%2F12090&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144455523%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43291299%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjhi.2013.0012&rft.aulast=Edelstein&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Morrissey%2C+Robert&rft.au=Roe%2C+Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenresearch-repository.anu.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2F1885%2F12090%2F1%2FRoe_ToQuote_2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+de+Jaucourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher1973" class="citation journal cs1">Fletcher, Dennis J. (1973). 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"Jaucourt's Use of Source Material in the Encyclopédie". <i>Modern Language Notes</i>. <b>65</b> (6): 391. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2908748">10.2307/2908748</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2908748">2908748</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Language+Notes&rft.atitle=Jaucourt%27s+Use+of+Source+Material+in+the+Encyclop%C3%A9die&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=391&rft.date=1950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2908748&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2908748%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Doolittle&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+de+Jaucourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdelsteinMorrisseyRoe2013" class="citation journal cs1">Edelstein, Dan; Morrissey, Robert; Roe, Glenn (2013). "To Quote or not to Quote: Citation Strategies in the "Encyclopédie"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Journal of the History of Ideas</i>. <b>74</b> (2): 225. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjhi.2013.0012">10.1353/jhi.2013.0012</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1885%2F12090">1885/12090</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43291299">43291299</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144455523">144455523</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Ideas&rft.atitle=To+Quote+or+not+to+Quote%3A+Citation+Strategies+in+the+%22Encyclop%C3%A9die%22&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=225&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1885%2F12090&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144455523%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43291299%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjhi.2013.0012&rft.aulast=Edelstein&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Morrissey%2C+Robert&rft.au=Roe%2C+Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+de+Jaucourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdelsteinMorrisseyRoe2013" class="citation journal cs1">Edelstein, Dan; Morrissey, Robert; Roe, Glenn (2013). "To Quote or not to Quote: Citation Strategies in the "Encyclopédie"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Journal of the History of Ideas</i>. <b>74</b> (2): 226. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjhi.2013.0012">10.1353/jhi.2013.0012</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1885%2F12090">1885/12090</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43291299">43291299</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144455523">144455523</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Ideas&rft.atitle=To+Quote+or+not+to+Quote%3A+Citation+Strategies+in+the+%22Encyclop%C3%A9die%22&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=226&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1885%2F12090&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144455523%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43291299%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjhi.2013.0012&rft.aulast=Edelstein&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Morrissey%2C+Robert&rft.au=Roe%2C+Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+de+Jaucourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosephson-Storm2017" class="citation book cs1">Josephson-Storm, Jason (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xZ5yDgAAQBAJ"><i>The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-40336-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-40336-6"><bdi>978-0-226-40336-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+Disenchantment%3A+Magic%2C+Modernity%2C+and+the+Birth+of+the+Human+Sciences&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-226-40336-6&rft.aulast=Josephson-Storm&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxZ5yDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+de+Jaucourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etudes-litteraires.com/jaucourt-encyclopedie.php">"Jaucourt, Encyclopédie, article Traite des nègres"</a> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jaucourt%2C+Encyclop%C3%A9die%2C+article+Traite+des+n%C3%A8gres&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etudes-litteraires.com%2Fjaucourt-encyclopedie.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+de+Jaucourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0000.667">"Jaucourt, Encyclopédie, article Slavery (translated by University of Michigan)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fspo.did2222.0000.667">2027/spo.did2222.0000.667</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jaucourt%2C+Encyclop%C3%A9die%2C+article+Slavery+%28translated+by+University+of+Michigan%29&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fspo.did2222.0000.667&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fspo.did2222.0000.667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+de+Jaucourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1986" class="citation journal cs1">Davidson, Alastair (1986). "Denis Diderot and the Limits to Reason". <i>Diderot Studies</i>. <b>22</b>: 50. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40372604">40372604</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diderot+Studies&rft.atitle=Denis+Diderot+and+the+Limits+to+Reason&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=50&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40372604%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+de+Jaucourt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Jaucourt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Philip Blom, <i>Enlightening the World: Encyclopédie, The Book That Changed the Course of History</i>, London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.</li> <li>Luigi Delia, "Crime et châtiment dans l'Encyclopédie. Les enjeux de l'interprétation de Montesquieu par de Jaucourt", in "Dix-huitième siècle", n. 41, 2009, pp. 469–486.</li> <li>James Doolittle, "Jaucourt's Use of Source Material in the Encyclopédie", <i>Modern Language Notes</i>. Vol. 65, No. 6. The Johns Hopkins University Press, June 1950.</li> <li>Frank A. Kafker, "The Recruitment of the Encyclopedists", <i>Eighteenth-Century Studies</i> Vol. 6, No. 4. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Summer, 1973.</li> <li>Werner Raupp: JAUCOURT, Louis, Chevalier, in: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL), Vol. 36. Bautz: Nordhausen 2015, (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88309-920-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-88309-920-0">978-3-88309-920-0</a>), cols. 650–657 (with detailed bibliography).</li> <li>Richard N. Schwab, "The Extent of the Chevalier de Joucourt's Contribution to Diderot's Encyclopédie", <i>Modern Language Notes</i>. Vol. 72, No. 7. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Nov. 1957.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Jaucourt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agora.qc.ca/mot.nsf/Dossiers/Le_Chevalier_de_Jaucourt">L'Encyclopédie de L'Agora</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07515064?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1201874">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119332388.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119332388">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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