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中医学 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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href="#漢醫及漢方醫學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>漢醫及漢方醫學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-漢醫及漢方醫學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法律監管" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法律監管"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>法律監管</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-法律監管-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关法律監管子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-法律監管-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中国大陸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中国大陸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>中国大陸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中国大陸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>香港</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-澳门" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#澳门"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>澳门</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-澳门-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-臺灣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臺灣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>臺灣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臺灣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>美國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>今文學派基础理论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-今文學派基础理论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-精炁(氣)學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#精炁(氣)學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>精炁(氣)學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-精炁(氣)學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-陰陽學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陰陽學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>陰陽學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-陰陽學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-五行學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#五行學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>五行學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-五行學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-臟象學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臟象學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>臟象學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臟象學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氣血津液" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氣血津液"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>氣血津液</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氣血津液-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經絡學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經絡學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6</span> <span>經絡學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經絡學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-病因學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#病因學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.7</span> <span>病因學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-病因學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-發病" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發病"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.7.1</span> <span>發病</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發病-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-病機" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#病機"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.7.2</span> <span>病機</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-病機-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-《湯液經法》學派基礎理論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#《湯液經法》學派基礎理論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>《湯液經法》學派基礎理論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-《湯液經法》學派基礎理論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-陰陽學說_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陰陽學說_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>陰陽學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-陰陽學說_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-寒熱學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#寒熱學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>寒熱學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-寒熱學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脈法學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脈法學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>脈法學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脈法學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-正隅學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#正隅學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>正隅學說</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.8</span> <span>氣血精津學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氣血精津學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-四情學說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#四情學說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.9</span> <span>四情學說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-四情學說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-现代中医基础理论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#现代中医基础理论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>现代中医基础理论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-现代中医基础理论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-診斷方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#診斷方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>診斷方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-診斷方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-治療方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#治療方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>治療方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-治療方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-学科分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#学科分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>学科分类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-学科分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中醫學典籍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中醫學典籍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>中醫學典籍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中醫學典籍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-流派及医家" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#流派及医家"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>流派及医家</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-流派及医家-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中医与近現代醫學的異同" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中医与近現代醫學的異同"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>中医与近現代醫學的異同</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-中医与近現代醫學的異同-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关中医与近現代醫學的異同子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-中医与近現代醫學的異同-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-醫學理論體系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#醫學理論體系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>醫學理論體系</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-醫學理論體系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-診斷疾病的思維方式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#診斷疾病的思維方式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>診斷疾病的思維方式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-診斷疾病的思維方式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-治療的思維及方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#治療的思維及方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>治療的思維及方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-治療的思維及方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-疗效验证方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疗效验证方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>疗效验证方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-疗效验证方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-知识传播方式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#知识传播方式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>知识传播方式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-知识传播方式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中醫存廢之爭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中醫存廢之爭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>中醫存廢之爭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中醫存廢之爭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-節日、文化遺產" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#節日、文化遺產"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>節日、文化遺產</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-節日、文化遺產-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关外部連結子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-文獻查詢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文獻查詢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>文獻查詢</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文獻查詢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中醫學數據庫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中醫學數據庫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>中醫學數據庫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中醫學數據庫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">中医学</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。54种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisionele_Chinese_medisyne" title="Tradisionele Chinese medisyne – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tradisionele Chinese medisyne" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="الطب الصيني – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الطب الصيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina_tradicional_china" title="Medicina tradicional china – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Medicina tradicional china" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Китайска традиционна медицина – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китайска традиционна медицина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina_tradicional_xinesa" title="Medicina tradicional xinesa – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Medicina tradicional xinesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-%C4%AD" title="Dṳ̆ng-ĭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dṳ̆ng-ĭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradi%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8D%C3%ADnsk%C3%A1_medic%C3%ADna" title="Tradiční čínská medicína – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tradiční čínská medicína" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionelle_chinesische_Medizin" title="Traditionelle chinesische Medizin – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Traditionelle chinesische Medizin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Παραδοσιακή κινέζικη ιατρική – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παραδοσιακή κινέζικη ιατρική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Traditional Chinese medicine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ina_tradicia_medicino" title="Ĉina tradicia medicino – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉina tradicia medicino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina_china_tradicional" title="Medicina china tradicional – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medicina china tradicional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_meditsiin" title="Hiina meditsiin – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina meditsiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinatar_medikuntza_tradizionala" title="Txinatar medikuntza tradizionala – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinatar medikuntza tradizionala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="طب سنتی چین – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طب سنتی چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perinteinen_kiinalainen_l%C3%A4%C3%A4kint%C3%A4" title="Perinteinen kiinalainen lääkintä – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perinteinen kiinalainen lääkintä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decine_traditionnelle_chinoise" title="Médecine traditionnelle chinoise – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médecine traditionnelle chinoise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB" title="中醫 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="中醫" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="רפואה סינית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רפואה סינית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicionalna_kineska_medicina" title="Tradicionalna kineska medicina – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tradicionalna kineska medicina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagyom%C3%A1nyos_k%C3%ADnai_orvosl%C3%A1s" title="Hagyományos kínai orvoslás – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hagyományos kínai orvoslás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Չինական ավանդական բժշկություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չինական ավանդական բժշկություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Չինական աւանդական բժշկութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չինական աւանդական բժշկութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengobatan_tradisional_Tionghoa" title="Pengobatan tradisional Tionghoa – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengobatan tradisional Tionghoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiniana_tradicionala_medicino" title="Chiniana tradicionala medicino – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chiniana tradicionala medicino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina_tradizionale_cinese" title="Medicina tradizionale cinese – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medicina tradizionale cinese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="中国医学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国医学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ტრადიციული ჩინური მედიცინა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტრადიციული ჩინური მედიცინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%94%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BF" title="ಚೀನಿಯರ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಔಷಧಿ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೀನಿಯರ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಔಷಧಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99" title="중의학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중의학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicin%C4%97_kin%C5%B3_medicina" title="Tradicinė kinų medicina – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tradicinė kinų medicina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perubatan_tradisional_Cina" title="Perubatan tradisional Cina – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perubatan tradisional Cina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionele_Chinese_geneeskunde" title="Traditionele Chinese geneeskunde – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Traditionele Chinese geneeskunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisjonell_kinesisk_medisin" title="Tradisjonell kinesisk medisin – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tradisjonell kinesisk medisin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisjonell_kinesisk_medisin" title="Tradisjonell kinesisk medisin – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tradisjonell kinesisk medisin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradycyjna_medycyna_chi%C5%84ska" title="Tradycyjna medycyna chińska – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tradycyjna medycyna chińska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="چينايي دوديزه درملگري – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چينايي دوديزه درملگري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina_tradicional_chinesa" title="Medicina tradicional chinesa – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medicina tradicional chinesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina_tradi%C8%9Bional%C4%83_chinez%C4%83" title="Medicina tradițională chineză – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Medicina tradițională chineză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Традиционная китайская медицина – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Традиционная китайская медицина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicionalna_kineska_medicina" title="Tradicionalna kineska medicina – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tradicionalna kineska medicina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Traditional Chinese medicine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicionalna_kitajska_medicina" title="Tradicionalna kitajska medicina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tradicionalna kitajska medicina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Традиционална кинеска медицина – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Традиционална кинеска медицина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionell_kinesisk_medicin" title="Traditionell kinesisk medicin – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Traditionell kinesisk medicin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="แพทย์แผนจีน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แพทย์แผนจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geleneksel_%C3%87in_t%C4%B1bb%C4%B1" title="Geleneksel Çin tıbbı – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Geleneksel Çin tıbbı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Традиційна китайська медицина – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Традиційна китайська медицина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_y" title="Đông y – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đông y" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB" title="中医 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中医" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunghyih" title="Cunghyih – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cunghyih" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB" title="中醫 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="中醫" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-i" title="Tiong-i – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-i" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB" title="中醫 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中醫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q200253#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>,請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="Talk:中医学">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/45px-System-search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/68px-System-search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/90px-System-search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>內容<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%87%86%E7%A1%AE%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" title="Wikipedia:准确性争议">疑欠准确</a>,有待查證。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2017年10月3日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="Talk:中医学">讨论页</a>討論問題所在及加以改善,若此條目仍有爭議及<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%87%86%E7%A1%AE%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" title="Wikipedia:准确性争议">准确度</a>欠佳,會被提出<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2%E5%AD%98%E5%BB%A2%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96" title="Wikipedia:頁面存廢討論">存廢討論</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目需要<b>精通或熟悉相关主题的编者</b>参与及协助编辑。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2017年10月3日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="Wikipedia:專家邀請工作小組">邀請</a>適合的人士<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit">改善本条目</a>。更多的細節與詳情請參见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="Talk:中医学">討論頁</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem-scales.svg/40px-Emblem-scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem-scales.svg/60px-Emblem-scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem-scales.svg/80px-Emblem-scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目之<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" title="Wikipedia:中立的观点">中立性</a>有争议</b>。其內容、語調可能<b>帶有明顯的個人觀點或<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">地方色彩</a>。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2017年5月3日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>加上此模板的編輯者需在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="Talk:中医学">討論頁</a>說明此文中立性有爭議的原因,以便讓各編輯者討論和改善。在編輯之前請務必察看讨论页。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Medref plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90_(%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8)" title="Wikipedia:可靠來源 (醫學)">可靠的醫學來源</a>,或過於依賴<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究">第一手來源</a>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">无法查证</a>的內容可能會因為異議提出而移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg/12px-Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg/18px-Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg/25px-Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="804" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-6f9ae8a" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85088369">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:16em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">系列条目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">中医学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yin_yang.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="太極圖"><img alt="太極圖" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Yin_yang.svg/150px-Yin_yang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Yin_yang.svg/225px-Yin_yang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Yin_yang.svg/300px-Yin_yang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist nowrap" style="display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="中醫學史">历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%85%B8%E7%B1%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中醫典籍列表">典籍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Category:中醫人物">人物</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="Category:中醫理論">中醫理論</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="氣 (中國)">氣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="阴阳">阴阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C" title="五行">五行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91" title="臟腑">臟腑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E7%BB%9C" title="经络">经络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="中医诊断学">望聞問切</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%A8%E8%AF%81%E8%AE%BA%E6%B2%BB" title="辨证论治">辨证论治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%91%B3" title="性味">四氣五味</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E8%87%A3%E4%BD%90%E4%BD%BF" title="君臣佐使">君臣佐使</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="Category:中醫療法">治療方法</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8D%AF" title="中药">中药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%88%E7%81%B8" title="针灸">针灸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E6%8B%BF" title="推拿">推拿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E5%BC%95_(%E6%B0%A3%E5%8A%9F)" title="導引 (氣功)">導引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="气功">气功</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%85%B8%E7%B1%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中醫典籍列表">中醫經典</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%86%85%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝内经">黄帝内经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A3%E7%B6%93" title="難經">難經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B7%E5%AF%92%E9%9B%9C%E7%97%85%E8%AB%96" title="傷寒雜病論">傷寒雜病論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E7%97%85%E6%BA%90%E5%80%99%E8%AB%96" title="諸病源候論">諸病源候論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E7%86%B1%E8%AB%96" title="溫熱論">溫熱論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E7%97%85%E6%9D%A1%E8%BE%A8" title="温病条辨">溫病條辨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="脈經">脈經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%9D%E7%81%B8%E7%94%B2%E4%B9%99%E7%B6%93" title="針灸甲乙經">針灸甲乙經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E5%86%A4%E9%9B%86%E9%8C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="洗冤集錄">洗冤集錄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%9C%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%BB%8F" title="神农本草经">神农本草经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%B6%B1%E7%9B%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="本草綱目">本草綱目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%98%E5%BE%8C%E6%96%B9" title="肘後方">肘後方</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E9%87%91%E8%A6%81%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="千金要方">千金要方</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E9%87%91%E7%BF%BC%E6%96%B9" title="千金翼方">千金翼方</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="和劑局方" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="和剤局方"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%8C%E5%8A%91%E5%B1%80%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="和劑局方(页面不存在)">太平惠民和劑局方</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%89%A4%E5%B1%80%E6%96%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:和剤局方"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">和剤局方</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AF%B6%E9%91%91" title="東醫寶鑑">東醫寶鑑</a>(朝鮮)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大同類聚方" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="大同類聚方"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E9%A1%9E%E8%81%9A%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大同類聚方(页面不存在)">大同類聚方</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E9%A1%9E%E8%81%9A%E6%96%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:大同類聚方"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">大同類聚方</span></a></span>)</span></span>(日本)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海上醫宗心嶺" data-lang-code="vi" data-lang-name="越南语" data-foreign-title="Hải Thượng y tông tâm lĩnh"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E9%86%AB%E5%AE%97%E5%BF%83%E5%B6%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="海上醫宗心嶺(页面不存在)">海上醫宗心嶺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">越南语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_y_t%C3%B4ng_t%C3%A2m_l%C4%A9nh" class="extiw" title="vi:Hải Thượng y tông tâm lĩnh"><span lang="vi" dir="auto">Hải Thượng y tông tâm lĩnh</span></a></span>)</span></span>(越南)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E5%AD%B8%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中醫基礎學科(页面不存在)">基礎學科</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中醫基礎理論(页面不存在)">中醫基礎理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="中医诊断学">中医诊断学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="中药学">中药学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%89%82%E5%AD%A6" title="方剂学">方剂学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E7%97%85%E5%AD%B8" title="溫病學">溫病學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%88%E7%81%B8" title="针灸">針灸學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="中醫學史">中醫學史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%90%84%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="中醫各家學說">各家學說</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%87%A8%E5%BA%8A%E5%AD%B8%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中醫臨床學科(页面不存在)">臨床學科</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="中医内科学">中醫內科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="中医外科学">中醫外科</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%A9%A6%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中醫婦科(页面不存在)">中醫婦科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%84%BF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="中医儿科学">中醫兒科</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E7%9C%BC%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中醫眼科(页面不存在)">中醫眼科</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%80%B3%E9%BC%BB%E5%96%89%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中醫耳鼻喉科(页面不存在)">中醫耳鼻喉科</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="Category:民間療法">民間療法</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E6%8B%BF" title="推拿">推拿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%AE%E7%97%A7" title="刮痧">刮痧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%94%E7%BD%90" title="拔罐">拔罐</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;">其他</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中醫學家列表(页面不存在)">中醫學家列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9D%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E7%A7%91" title="祝由十三科">祝由十三科</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E9%86%AB%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="馬醫科(页面不存在)">馬醫科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%9C%B0" title="道地">道地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E9%99%A4%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="廢除中醫運動">廢除中醫運動</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:中醫學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:中醫學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中醫學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%AE%8F%E5%98%89%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%A8%BA%E6%89%80_20180515.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%E5%AE%8F%E5%98%89%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%A8%BA%E6%89%80_20180515.jpg/220px-%E5%AE%8F%E5%98%89%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%A8%BA%E6%89%80_20180515.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%E5%AE%8F%E5%98%89%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%A8%BA%E6%89%80_20180515.jpg/330px-%E5%AE%8F%E5%98%89%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%A8%BA%E6%89%80_20180515.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%E5%AE%8F%E5%98%89%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%A8%BA%E6%89%80_20180515.jpg/440px-%E5%AE%8F%E5%98%89%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%A8%BA%E6%89%80_20180515.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>新北市一間中醫診所</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:16em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="替代医学">替代医学</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="List of conspiracy theories#Medicine" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of conspiracy theories#Medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_conspiracy_theories&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="List of conspiracy theories(页面不存在)">伪医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories#Medicine" class="extiw" title="en:List of conspiracy theories"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of conspiracy theories#Medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline-body-aura.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/60px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/90px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/120px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;">总览</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="替代医学">替代医学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="替代医学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of alternative medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="替代医学史(页面不存在)">替代医学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_alternative_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:History of alternative medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of alternative medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="医学史">医学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B8%E9%86%AB" title="庸醫">庸醫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="伪科学">伪科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="反科學">反科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%80%E7%96%91%E8%AE%BA" title="怀疑论">怀疑论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%87%B7%E7%96%91%E8%AB%96" title="科學懷疑論">科學懷疑論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E8%87%AA%E4%B8%BB%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="健康自主運動">健康自主運動</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;">常见疗法和理论</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="尿療法">尿疗法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9C%82%E6%AF%92%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蜂毒疗法(页面不存在)">蜂毒疗法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B3%E9%A6%99%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="芳香疗法">芳香疗法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E5%8A%BF%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" title="顺势疗法">顺势疗法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%88%E7%81%B8" title="针灸">针灸</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E8%82%A0%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="结肠清洗(页面不存在)">结肠清洗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E7%83%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="耳烛">耳烛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E9%AA%A8%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="整骨療法">整骨療法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E9%99%A4%E8%87%AA%E6%85%B0%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="戒除自慰療法">戒除自慰療法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%86%B7%E5%87%8D%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="人體冷凍技術">人體冷凍技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%B4%BE%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-disambig" title="病毒派對">病毒派對</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AF" title="二氧化氯">奇迹疗法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E6%80%A7%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="鹼性飲食">鹼性飲食</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E8%8C%A8%E6%B3%95" title="贝茨法">贝茨法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E7%99%82" title="磁療">磁疗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%8A%91%E9%87%8F%E7%B6%AD%E4%BB%96%E5%91%BD%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="超劑量維他命療法">超劑量維他命療法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="超心理学">超心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AA%A8%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="脊骨神經醫學">脊骨神經醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E6%B6%B2%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="體液學說">體液學說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="自然醫學">自然醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="信仰治療">信仰治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="基督科學">基督科学教会</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电磁波医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Radionics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="电磁波医学(页面不存在)">电磁波医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radionics" class="extiw" title="en:Radionics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Radionics</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%85%E7%9B%B8%E5%AD%A6" title="颅相学">颅相学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="科學種族主義">科学种族主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%8A%9B%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="生命力论">生命力论</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;">阴谋论</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水加氟争议" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water fluoridation controversy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%B0%9F%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="水加氟争议(页面不存在)">反加氟运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" class="extiw" title="en:Water fluoridation controversy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water fluoridation controversy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97%E7%8C%B6%E8%B1%AB" title="疫苗猶豫">反疫苗运动</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%96%B9%E8%85%AE%E8%85%BA%E7%82%8E%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E9%BA%BB%E7%96%B9%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" title="麻疹腮腺炎德國麻疹混合疫苗爭議">疫苗致自闭症说</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B0%BE%E8%BF%B9%E9%98%B4%E8%B0%8B%E8%AE%BA" title="化学尾迹阴谋论">化学尾迹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E9%98%B4%E8%B0%8B%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="转基因阴谋论">转基因阴谋论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85%E9%87%8D%E4%BC%B0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="艾滋病重估运动">艾滋病重估运动</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不可靠的艾滋来源理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E7%9A%84%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="不可靠的艾滋来源理论(页面不存在)">艾滋病来源阴谋论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discredited_HIV/AIDS_origins_theories" class="extiw" title="en:Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E9%8C%AF%E8%AA%A4%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A" title="2019冠狀病毒病疫情相關錯誤資訊">2019冠狀病毒病阴谋论</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="NCCIH分類" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alternative_medicine#NCCIH_classification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCCIH%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="NCCIH分類(页面不存在)">NCCIH分類</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_medicine#NCCIH_classification" class="extiw" title="en:Alternative medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alternative_medicine#NCCIH_classification</span></a></span>)</span></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%8A%97%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="對抗療法">對抗療法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:替代医学系统(页面不存在)">替代医学系统</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E8%BA%AB%E5%BF%83%E4%BB%8B%E5%85%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:身心介入(页面不存在)">身心介入</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:基于生物学的疗法(页面不存在)">基于生物学的疗法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:操作治療學">操作治療學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:能量疗法(页面不存在)">能量疗法</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="传统医学">传统医学</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">中醫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="韓醫學">韓醫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%B9%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="日本漢方醫學">日本漢方</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="藏醫學">藏醫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="蒙醫學">蒙醫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="苗医学">苗医</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%B2%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80" title="阿育吠陀">阿育吠陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E9%81%94%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="悉達醫學">悉達</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="尤纳尼医学">尤那尼</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非洲传统医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Traditional African medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="非洲传统医学(页面不存在)">非洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_African_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Traditional African medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Traditional African medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="古希腊医学">希腊</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古罗马医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medicine in ancient Rome"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="古羅馬醫學">罗马</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Medicine in ancient Rome"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medicine in ancient Rome</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲中世纪医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval medicine of Western Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲中世纪医学(页面不存在)">欧洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_medicine_of_Western_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval medicine of Western Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval medicine of Western Europe</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="信仰治療">信仰療法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%BB%BF%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="薩滿教">薩滿教</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="Template:替代醫學系統"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="Template talk:替代醫學系統"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:替代醫學系統"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>中醫學</b>,全稱<b>漢族醫药學</b>,俗称“<b>中医</b>”<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>,是一種起源於中國<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢族">漢族</a>且至今已有千年歷史的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="傳統醫學">傳統醫學</a>。與<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="现代医学">現代醫學</a>相比較时,其常被歸入傳統醫學的範疇。因此,現今世界上的中醫學的发展目标,多是追求自身的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%8C%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="科學化(页面不存在)">科學化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="現代化">現代化</a>。 </p><p>目前中醫以中華文化圈傳統醫療為主流,按照<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中華人民共和国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D%E5%AE%A1%E5%AE%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="全国科学技术名词审定委员会">全国科学技术名词审定委员会</a>审定的名词,中医学是「以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E8%8D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="中医药">中医药</a>理论与实践经验为主体,研究人类生命活动中<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7" title="健康">健康</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="疾病">疾病</a>转化规律及其<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E9%98%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="预防">预防</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD" title="诊断">诊断</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97" class="mw-redirect" title="治疗">治疗</a>、康复和保健的综合性科学」<sup id="cite_ref-中医药学名词_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中医药学名词-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_meridians.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Chinese_meridians.JPG/220px-Chinese_meridians.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Chinese_meridians.JPG/330px-Chinese_meridians.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Chinese_meridians.JPG/440px-Chinese_meridians.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2555" data-file-height="3432" /></a><figcaption>中醫穴道</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>廣義</b>:是指所有的中華民族醫學、宗教醫學、中國化西洋醫學,如<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="漢醫學">漢醫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="藏醫學">藏医</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8C%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙医">蒙医</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%97%E5%8C%BB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="苗医(页面不存在)">苗医</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%9D%E5%8C%BB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="彝医(页面不存在)">彝医</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維醫學">维医</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E5%8C%BB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="哈萨克医(页面不存在)">哈萨克医</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="佛醫學(页面不存在)">佛医</a>等。</li> <li><b>狹義</b>:全世界的漢族醫學,簡稱<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="漢醫學">漢醫學</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="華人圈共通的中醫"><span id=".E8.8F.AF.E4.BA.BA.E5.9C.88.E5.85.B1.E9.80.9A.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.AD.E9.86.AB"></span>華人圈共通的中醫</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:華人圈共通的中醫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中醫學以<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="阴阳">阴阳</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C" title="五行">五行</a>作为理论基础,将人体看成是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="氣 (中國)">气</a>、形、神的统一体,通过望、闻、问、切,四诊合參的方法,探求病因、病性、病位、分析病機及人体内五臟六腑、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E7%BB%9C" title="经络">经络</a>關節、氣血津液的变化、判斷邪正消長,進而得出病名,歸納出證型,以<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%A8%E8%AD%89%E8%AB%96%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="辨證論治">辨證論治</a>原則,制定“汗、吐、下、和、溫、清、補、消”等治法,使用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="中藥">中藥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%88%E7%81%B8" title="针灸">针灸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%8C%E6%89%93" title="跌打">跌打</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E6%8B%BF" title="推拿">推拿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%89%E6%91%A9" title="按摩">按摩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%94%E7%BD%90" title="拔罐">拔罐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%8A%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="氣功">氣功</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%99%82" title="食療">食療</a>等多種治療手段的传统医学。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="漢醫及漢方醫學"><span id=".E6.BC.A2.E9.86.AB.E5.8F.8A.E6.BC.A2.E6.96.B9.E9.86.AB.E5.AD.B8"></span>漢醫及漢方醫學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:漢醫及漢方醫學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="漢醫學">漢醫學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%B9%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="漢方醫學">漢方醫學</a></div> <p>「漢醫」(hàn-i)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>一詞,一是來自日本之稱,一是來自清代的稱呼。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>又稱漢醫學或漢方醫學,是在中國地區發展出的傳統醫學思想及治療技術,因為它是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢民族">漢民族</a>發展出的醫學傳統,所以稱呼它是漢醫學。隨著漢文化的發展,它被傳播至韓國、越南、日本等地,與當地醫學結合,形成各種不同的流派。 </p><p>最早使用「漢方醫學」這個名詞的是日本,在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶時期">江戶時期</a>,日本人用這個名詞來與他們本土醫學—「漢方醫學」,及西方醫學—「蘭醫學」(荷蘭),來作區分。清朝時也使用這個名詞來稱呼中國的傳統醫學。 </p><p>1949年之前,汉医一词比较普遍。清後民國,也用國醫來稱呼。在中國,「中醫學」(意為「中華的」醫學)比「漢醫學」更常用。但在日本及韓國等地仍然使用這個較中性的名詞。 <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E6%96%B9%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="日本汉方医学">漢方醫學</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">韓國(南韓)</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="韓醫學">韓醫學</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮(北韓)</a>稱的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="高麗醫學">高麗醫學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%9D%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="越南東醫學">東醫學</a>都是以中醫為基礎發展起來的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="法律監管"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.BE.8B.E7.9B.A3.E7.AE.A1"></span>法律監管</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:法律監管"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>近年各地政府都開始對專業中醫行業進行監管,以保障公眾健康。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中国大陸"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD.E5.A4.A7.E9.99.B8"></span>中国大陸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:中国大陸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中華人民共和国政府于1988年设立<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E8%8D%AF%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="国家中医药管理局">国家中医药管理局</a>管理中医药行业,是隶属于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国卫生部">卫生部</a>的副部级国家局(2013年卫生部撤销后转隶<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%92%8C%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会">卫计委</a>。2018年衛計委撤銷後再轉隸<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会">衛健委</a>)。 </p><p>为继承和弘扬中医药,保障和促进中医药事业发展,保护人民健康,经<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%8A%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会">十二届全国人大常委</a>第二十五次会议通过了《中华人民共和国中医药法》,于2017年7月1日起实施。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="香港"><span id=".E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span>香港</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中医在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E8%8B%B1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="港英政府">港英政府</a>时期无合法行医地位,但能以“Herbalist(草药师)”的名义注册并进行活动。中医医生还可使用“中医”、“中医师”、“中医生”、“国医”、“唐医”等名称,不能使用“医生”、“医师”、“医务所”、“医疗所”等属于行医范围的名称,因此中医师无权签署死亡证,也不能在处方上开任何西药,更不能使用注射;否则被认为是违法行为<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1999年,香港政府根據《中醫藥條例》,成立<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%97%A5%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="香港中醫藥管理委員會">香港中醫藥管理委員會</a>,用作規管中藥買賣和中醫師的專業水平,以保障公眾健康和消費者權益。根據《中醫藥條例》,所有在香港執業的中醫師,必須向中醫藥管理委員會註冊。在中醫師之前註冊制度生效之前,除了提供全科診治及開方,以「中醫」掛名應診的從業員之外,還有後來被納入中醫註冊制度,當時俗稱為「跌打師傅」、「跌打佬」的從業員。其起源沒有一個統一說法,有一說法是與上世紀香港盛行的武館風氣有關。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 後來由於此行業傳統的師徒制日漸式微,以及《中醫藥條例》和中醫註冊制度的實施,規管關乎中醫藥的活動或事宜,包括中醫的註冊等等,而跌打師傅已被納入為中醫的骨傷科專業,以後成為註冊中醫(骨傷科)的人士須具認可資格並受正式訓練,所以老式的跌打館,有逐漸式微的趨勢。 香港中醫師的註冊條件包括完成認可的、至少為期五年的全日制中醫學士學位課程,並獲得三十週的臨床實習經驗,以及通過執業考試。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>另外,中醫藥管理委員會要求註冊中醫師,每三年為其執照續期,而續期手續包括完成60個持續進修學分,以保障註冊中醫師的專業水平。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="澳门"><span id=".E6.BE.B3.E9.97.A8"></span>澳门</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:澳门"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>澳葡时期殖民政府对华人社会基本不干预,因此澳门当地有不少自发组织的中医行医者和中医药房。1994年澳葡政府颁布《第53/94/M號法令》,正式对中草药交易进行规管。現時,中醫受第18/2020號法律《醫療人員專業資格及執業註冊制度》規範,持認可中醫學歷的人士必須向政府辦理資格登記及完成實習,方得取得執照行醫。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="臺灣"><span id=".E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3"></span>臺灣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:臺灣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中華民國(臺灣)目前約有中醫師6,000餘人,由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國衛生福利部">中華民國衛生福利部</a>中醫藥司進行監管,法源來自於《醫師法》<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。中醫師能夠獨立進行診斷、開立處方簽、調劑中藥等。另外並訂有《中醫藥發展法》<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>、《臺灣中藥典》等,同時設置<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%97%A5%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="衛生福利部國家中醫藥研究所">衛生福利部國家中醫藥研究所</a>進行中醫藥研究。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美國"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B"></span>美國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:美國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acupuncture1-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Acupuncture1-1.jpg/220px-Acupuncture1-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Acupuncture1-1.jpg/330px-Acupuncture1-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Acupuncture1-1.jpg/440px-Acupuncture1-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>針灸</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>目前有大約三萬多名執照針灸師(部份州份稱為針灸醫師或東方醫學醫師),五千多名<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="醫學">西醫</a>師另外獲得應用針灸執照。美國有嚴格的針灸執照發放制度,但由於美國實施聯邦制,各個州份均各自有當地的法律,監督針灸師執照的發放。因此,各個州份的執照發放的要求都不一樣,但一般都要求申請人在認可的針灸或中醫學校學習針灸的相關課程,由1,700到4,000學時不等,以及一般要求擁有950小時的臨床實習經驗,方可獲允許參加針灸執照考試。另外,各個州份一般都要求針灸執照的持有者,於每年或每兩年為其針灸執照續期,否則其針灸執照將會被取消。針灸執照續期的手續,除了包括更新資料外,還要求針灸師提供持續進修的證據,一般都要每年數十個小時的專業持續進修課程,方可獲得續期。 在美國大部份州份,沒有持有有效執照,而又宣稱為專業針灸師,又或者提供中醫治療,是刑事罪行。違例者會面對監禁和罰款。 </p> <dl><dt>針灸師與中醫師</dt></dl> <p>直到2012年,美國有六個州份沒有法律監管中醫,一般稱為「東方醫學(Oriental Medicine)」又或「針灸學(Acupuncture)」,包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E9%A6%AC%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉巴馬州">阿拉巴馬州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%AA%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="堪薩斯州">堪薩斯州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%81%94%E7%A7%91%E4%BB%96%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="北達科他州">北達科他州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%81%94%E7%A7%91%E4%BB%96%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南達科他州">南達科他州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E8%8D%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="奧克拉荷馬州">奧克拉荷馬州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E4%BF%84%E6%98%8E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="懷俄明州">懷俄明州</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>在有法律監管中醫的州份當中,加州是美國首個州份立法監管「針灸學」,早在1976年加州便開始向針灸師發放專業執照<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>但值得注意,在英文中的「針灸學(Acupuncture)」或「針灸師(Acupuncturists)」一詞,意思等同於「中醫」和「中醫師」。以首個州份立法監管針灸學的加州為例,根據《商業和專業條例(Business and Professions Code)》第4937條,「針灸師」是指為改善、保持和復原健康,而提供針療、電力針療、中式按摩、穴位按摩、灸療、拔罐、呼吸技巧療法、運動療法、熱療、冷療、磁力療法、營養學療法、飲食療養、草藥療法、植物療法、動物療法、礦物療法、膳食補充療法等治療的專業人員<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。所以,美國的「針灸師」就是「中醫師」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑章节:歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChineseMedecine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ChineseMedecine.JPG/200px-ChineseMedecine.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ChineseMedecine.JPG/300px-ChineseMedecine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ChineseMedecine.JPG/400px-ChineseMedecine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>中醫穴道圖表</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_Tibetan_Medicine_Poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ancient_Tibetan_Medicine_Poster.jpg/200px-Ancient_Tibetan_Medicine_Poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ancient_Tibetan_Medicine_Poster.jpg/300px-Ancient_Tibetan_Medicine_Poster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ancient_Tibetan_Medicine_Poster.jpg/400px-Ancient_Tibetan_Medicine_Poster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="3545" /></a><figcaption>古代藏医挂图</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="中醫學史">中醫學史</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古代中医史"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3.E4.B8.AD.E5.8C.BB.E5.8F.B2"></span>古代中医史</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑章节:古代中医史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:19em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_satellite.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_satellite.png/220px-China_satellite.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_satellite.png/330px-China_satellite.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_satellite.png/440px-China_satellite.png 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="956" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="中国历史">中国历史</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="中国历史年表">年表</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%9D%E4%BB%A3" title="中国朝代">朝代</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="中国近代史">近代史</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="明朝歷史">明史</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="清朝历史">清史</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="中華民國歷史">民國史</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="中华人民共和国历史">共和国史</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2" title="中國文化史">文化史</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="中国史前文化">史前文化</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A0%E8%AF%B4%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="中国传说时代">传说时代</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="中国地理">中国地理</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%96%86%E5%9F%9F%E5%8F%B2" title="中国疆域史">疆域</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%B9%E5%A2%83%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="中国边境线">边界</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="中国首都">首都</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="中国行政区划">区划</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E5%8D%80" title="中國時區">時區</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="中国气候">气候</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE" title="Category:中国地图">地圖</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" class="mw-redirect" title="中国环境">环境</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8" title="Category:中国地质">地质</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%BE%A4" title="Category:中国生物群">生物</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8F%B2" title="中國政治史">中國政治</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" title="中华法系">法制</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="中國法制史">史</a>) - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%8F%E6%B2%BB%E5%8F%B2" title="中國吏治史">吏治史</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E8%81%8C%E5%AE%98" title="中国古代职官">职官制度</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="中国政党史">政党</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2" title="中国军事史">军事</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B0%8D%E5%A4%96%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="中國對外關係史">外交</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="中国经济史">中国经济</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国农业">农业</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%8F%B2" title="中国货币史">货币</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%9A%E5%95%86%E5%8F%B2" title="中国通商史">外贸</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="中国交通史">交通</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国旅游业">旅游</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="中华人民共和国经济">大陆经济</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="中国人">中国人文</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="中国语言">语言</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="中國文字">文字</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="中国人名">姓名</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="中国人口">人口</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="中国人口史">史</a>) - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="中华民族">民族</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="中华文化">中国文化</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="中国神话">神话</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%8F%B2" title="中国思想史">思想</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="中国哲学">哲学</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="中国文学">文學</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="中国宗教">宗教</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="中国宗教史">史</a>)<br /> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%8F%9C" title="中国菜">饮食</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%8D%E9%A5%B0%E5%8F%B2" title="中国服饰史">服饰</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="中國建築">建築</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="中国世界遗产">文物</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E7%AF%80%E6%97%A5" title="漢族傳統節日">節日</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E4%BF%97" title="中国民俗">民俗</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%8F%B2" title="中国教育史">教育</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="中国科学技术史">科学</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%AF" title="五术">五术</a>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">医学</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AF%E6%95%B0" title="术数">術數</a>) - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF" title="中国武术">武术</a><br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="中国美术史">藝術</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="中国书法">书法</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%B9%E7%95%AB" title="中國油畫">油画</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%BB" title="中国画">国画</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="中国音乐">音乐</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8F%E6%9B%B2" title="戏曲">戏曲</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" title="華語電影">电影</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_dragon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/32px-China_dragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/48px-China_dragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/64px-China_dragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:中国">中国主题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="Template:中國"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="Template talk:中國"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中國"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>中医学目前是否为最早的传统医学还无法确定。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>的中医学自称其起源于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9A%87%E4%BA%94%E5%B8%9D" title="三皇五帝">三皇五帝</a>时期,相传<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2" title="伏羲">伏羲</a>发明了针灸并尝试<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E8%8D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="草药">草药</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%9C" title="神农">神农</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="炎帝">炎帝</a>更是尝尽百草,并且用<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6" title="茶">茶</a>来<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%AF%92" title="解毒">解毒</a>。中医研究者自称:相传在公元前3000多年,中国的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A9%E8%BE%95%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="轩辕黄帝">轩辕黄帝</a>写下了人类第一部医学著作——《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E7%A5%9D%E7%94%B1%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="黄帝祝由科(页面不存在)">黄帝祝由科</a>》(然而公元前1600~前1100年的甲骨文才被认为是中国已发现的时代最早的文字),“在公元前3000多年可以使用文字并组织成大篇幅的医学著作”在目前与无凭无据的中医典籍相比,这种说法是与事实不符的。公元前3000左右的美索不达米亚医学已用楔形文字记载了肝和脏是血液的中心,疾病分为热病、中风、精神症状、眼病、耳病、黄疸病等。在中国, 后世人在《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E7%A5%9D%E7%94%B1%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="黄帝祝由科(页面不存在)">黄帝祝由科</a>》的基础上不断增补删改,逐渐形成了后世的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%86%85%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝内经">黄帝内经</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%A4%96%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝外经">黄帝外经</a>》,并從祝由科裡将纯粹的医药分离了出来,形成了后来的中医学。而其中的《黄帝内经》则在世界上第一个提出了“不治已病<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%BB%E6%9C%AA%E7%97%85&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="治未病(页面不存在)">治未病</a>”这一防病养生保健康的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E9%98%B2%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="预防医学">预防医学</a>观点。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">&#91;來源請求&#93;</span></a></sup> 在<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="周代">周代</a>(公元前1046年-公元前771年)中国就建立了世界上第一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="医院">医院</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="医疗制度(页面不存在)">医疗制度</a>,周代的医疗机构设有医师、上士、下士、府(管药库)、史(管记录)、徒若干人。下面又分食医(管饮食卫库)、疾医(<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="內科">内科</a>)、疡医(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="外科">外科</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%BD%E5%8C%BB" title="兽医">兽医</a>四种;但这样的医学分科制度却落后于美索不达米亚医学几百年<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。医师总管医药行政,并在年终对医生进行考核;《<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E7%A4%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="周礼">周礼</a>‧天官冢宰》记载“歲終,則稽其醫事,以制其食”,就是说,医生每年都要通过年终考核增减俸禄。当时的患者已经分科治疗,而且建立病历。“死终则各书其所以,而入于医师”,规定在死者病历上要写明死因,然后送交医师存档,以便总结医疗经验,提高医疗技术。这也是世界上已知最早的<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E5%8E%86" title="病历">病历</a>制度。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋战国">春秋战国</a>时期名医辈出,<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="秦国">秦国</a>有名医<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E7%BC%93" class="mw-redirect" title="医缓">医缓</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%92%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="医和">医和</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%9B%BD" title="齐国">齐国</a>有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E6%A1%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="长桑(页面不存在)">长桑</a>和他的徒弟<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%81%E9%B9%8A" title="扁鹊">扁鹊</a>。扁鹊发明了中医独特的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%A8%E8%AF%81%E8%AE%BA%E6%B2%BB" title="辨证论治">辨证论治</a>,并总结为“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%AF%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="四诊">四诊</a>”方法,即“望、闻、问、切”。扁鹊看病行医有“六不治”原则:一是依仗权势,骄横跋扈的人不治;二是贪图钱财,不顾性命者不治;三是暴饮暴食,饮食无常者不治;四是病深不早求医者不治;五是身体虚弱不能服药者不治;六是相信巫术不相信医道者不治。后世则尊称他为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%8C%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="神医">神医</a>扁鹊。春秋战国时流行的主要医学著作有《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%86%85%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝内经">黄帝内经</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%A4%96%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝外经">黄帝外经</a>》、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%81%E9%B9%8A%E5%86%85%E7%BB%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="扁鹊内经(页面不存在)">扁鹊内经</a>》、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%81%E9%B9%8A%E5%A4%96%E7%BB%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="扁鹊外经(页面不存在)">扁鹊外经</a>》、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%8F%E5%86%85%E7%BB%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白氏内经(页面不存在)">白氏内经</a>》、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%8F%E5%A4%96%E7%BB%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白氏外经(页面不存在)">白氏外经</a>》和《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%81%E7%AF%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="旁篇(页面不存在)">旁篇</a>》这七本,合成“七经”。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦朝</a>出现了世界上最早的专门<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8C%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="法医">法医</a>——"令史"。秦律规定,死因不明的案件原则上都要进行<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E4%BD%93%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="尸体检验">尸体检验</a>,司法官如果违法不进行检验,将受到处罚。秦代的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%81%E8%AF%8A%E5%BC%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="封诊式(页面不存在)">封诊式</a>》对法医鉴定的方法、程序等有较为详细的记载。在人命案件中,鉴定检验的主要内容有尸体的位置、创伤的部位、数量、方向以及大小等。令史检验完成之后,必须提交书面报告,称为“爰书”,是世界上现存最早的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8C%BB%E9%89%B4%E5%AE%9A" title="法医鉴定">法医鉴定</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%BA%E5%8B%98%E5%AF%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="现场勘察(页面不存在)">现场勘察</a>报告。秦代还在世界上第一个建立<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="传染病医院(页面不存在)">传染病医院</a>——“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%A0%E8%BF%81%E6%89%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="疠迁所(页面不存在)">疠迁所</a>”,并制定了最早的治疗传染病的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2" class="mw-disambig" title="隔離">隔离</a>制度。据1975年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="湖北">湖北</a>省云梦睡虎地出土秦简中记载:当时规定,凡经医生在给病人检查后发现有鼻梁塌陷、手上无汗毛、声音沙哑、刺激鼻腔不打喷嚏等症状者,一律送至疠迁所隔离治疗。这说明中国古代对<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E6%80%A7%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="传染性疾病">传染性疾病</a>的治疗措施,很早就已经是得力有效的。 </p><p>到了<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%89" title="西汉">西汉</a>时期,中医的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="阴阳">阴阳</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C" title="五行">五行</a>理论已经非常完备,名医则有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E4%BB%93%E5%85%AC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="太仓公(页面不存在)">太仓公</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%84%8F" title="淳于意">淳于意</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E4%B9%98%E9%98%B3%E5%BA%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="公乘阳庆(页面不存在)">公乘阳庆</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89" title="东汉">东汉</a>出现了著名医学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E4%BB%B2%E6%99%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="张仲景">张仲景</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BD%97" title="华佗">华佗</a>。张仲景完善了中医的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%A8%E8%AF%81%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="辨证理论(页面不存在)">辨证理论</a>,他还是世界上第一个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="临床医学">临床医学</a>大师,被尊称为<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E8%81%96" class="mw-redirect" title="醫聖">医圣</a>。他著有《<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B7%E5%AF%92%E9%9B%9C%E7%97%85%E8%AB%96" title="傷寒雜病論">伤寒杂病论</a>》、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%97%E5%A6%87%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="疗妇人方(页面不存在)">疗妇人方</a>》、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="黄素方(页面不存在)">黄素方</a>》、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A3%E9%BD%BF%E8%AE%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="口齿论(页面不存在)">口齿论</a>》、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E7%97%85%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="平病方(页面不存在)">平病方</a>》等等医书,最终流传下来的医书被后人编纂为《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A4%E5%AF%92%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="伤寒论">伤寒论</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%8C%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%95%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="金匮要略">金匮要略</a>》。张仲景采用<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%A8%E8%AF%81%E8%AE%BA%E6%B2%BB" title="辨证论治">辨证论治</a>的基本原则,在《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A4%E5%AF%92%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="伤寒论">伤寒论</a>》中归结为“八纲辨证”和“六经论治”,经由这两种方法辨证论治后,再采用“八法”(汗、吐、下、和、温、清、补、消)治疗疾病。“八纲辨证”是书中贯彻辨证论治的具体原则,所谓“八纲”(阴、阳、表、里、寒、热、虚、实)是运用“四诊”(望、闻、问、切)分析和检查疾病的部位、性质而归纳出来,“六经论治”是整个脏腑经络学说在临床医学上的具体运用。东汉末年,华佗则以精通外科手术和麻醉名闻天下,华佗是世界上第一个使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E9%86%89" title="麻醉">麻醉</a>术进行手术的人,他发明的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E6%B2%B8%E6%95%A3" title="麻沸散">麻沸散</a>是世界上已知最早的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E9%86%89%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="麻醉药物">麻醉药物</a>,还创立了世界上最早的健身体操“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%A6%BD%E6%88%8F" title="五禽戏">五禽戏</a>”。可惜华佗所著医书的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%9B%8A%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="青囊书">青囊书</a>》最后被付之一炬。在汉代,大量的医药和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E7%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="历算">历算</a>等书籍传入<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>(《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%8E%8B%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%B0" title="西藏王统记">西藏王统记</a>》记载)。在汉代还出现了专门性的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A6%87%E7%A7%91%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="妇科医院(页面不存在)">妇科医院</a>,西汉时的“乳舍”,是世界上已知最早的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A6%87%E4%BA%A7%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="妇产医院(页面不存在)">妇产医院</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南北朝</a>时期问世了世界上最早的两本<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="儿科">儿科</a>专著,即<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%AB%E9%92%9E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="王末钞(页面不存在)">王末钞</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%84%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%8D%AF%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="小儿用药本草(页面不存在)">小儿用药本草</a>》和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%90%E5%8F%94%E5%93%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="徐叔响(页面不存在)">徐叔响</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%97%E5%B0%91%E5%B0%8F%E7%99%BE%E7%97%85%E6%9D%82%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="疗少小百病杂方(页面不存在)">疗少小百病杂方</a>》。南朝宋元嘉二十年(公元443年),太医令秦承祖创建了世界上第一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="医学院">医学院</a>。到了公元6世纪,<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋朝</a>完善了这一医学教育机构,并命名为“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8C%BB%E7%BD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="太医署">太医署</a>”,署内分医、药两部,太医令是最高官职,丞为之助理,下有主药、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="医师">医师</a>、药园师、医<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="博士">博士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E6%95%99" title="助教">助教</a>、按摩博士、祝禁博士,在校师生最多时达580人之多。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a>年間,隨着中國與阿拉伯之間貿易的高度發展,阿拉伯香藥也開始大量輸進中國,一次輸入的阿拉伯乳香竟以萬斤計,伊斯蘭醫藥學也隨之對中國產生明顯影響。傳統中醫自古不分科,但在北宋年間,太醫院在培訓醫生時也如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘">古希臘</a>和阿拉伯醫學那樣,分成了內、外、婦、兒、口腔等十三科,這可能是受到阿拉伯-伊斯蘭醫學的橫向影響。傳統中醫以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%AF%E8%97%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="湯藥(页面不存在)">湯藥</a>為主,但北宋的《太平聖惠方》、《聖濟總錄》卻大量增加了丸、散、膏、酊的處方,如《乳香圓》、《阿魏圓》等。究其原因,乃是使用從阿拉伯-伊斯蘭國家進口的香藥大量增加,而香藥含有揮發性物質,若用煎湯法,其有效成分就會失掉,故只能製成丸、散、膏、酊。可見這類處方的出現,是阿拉伯-伊斯蘭藥理學對中醫藥影響的結果<sup id="cite_ref-伊斯蘭Med_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-伊斯蘭Med-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E6%80%9D%E9%82%88" title="孙思邈">孙思邈</a>总结前人的理论并总结经验,收集药方多达5000多个,出版了《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%86%AB%E7%B2%BE%E8%AA%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="大醫精誠">大医精诚</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E9%87%91%E8%A6%81%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="千金要方">千金要方</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E9%87%91%E7%BF%BC%E6%96%B9" title="千金翼方">千金翼方</a>》三本医学著作,后世尊称他为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="药王">药王</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>以后,中国医学理论和著作大量外传到<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="突厥">突厥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E4%B8%BD" title="高句丽">高句丽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a>等地。 </p><p>到了在唐末宋初,<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="儿科">儿科</a>专著《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%85%E5%9B%9F%E7%BB%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="颅囟经(页面不存在)">颅囟经</a>》问世流行,而世界医学史上第一个著名儿科专家<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E4%B9%99" title="钱乙">钱乙</a>(公元1032-1113年)则受此书启发,撰写了著名的儿科巨著《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%84%BF%E8%8D%AF%E8%AF%81%E7%9B%B4%E8%AF%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="小儿药证直诀(页面不存在)">小儿药证直诀</a>》,后人把钱乙尊称为“儿科之圣”,“幼科之鼻祖”。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a>时期(960年-1127年),宋政府设立翰林医学院即<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%86%AB%E5%B1%80" title="太醫局">太医局</a>,医学分科已经非常完备,并且统一了中国<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%88%E7%81%B8" title="针灸">针灸</a>穴位,出版《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E7%BB%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="图经(页面不存在)">图经</a>》。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%85%88" title="宋慈">宋慈</a>出版了世界上最早的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="法医学">法医学</a>著作《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E5%86%A4%E9%9B%86%E5%BD%95" title="洗冤集录">洗冤集录</a>》。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a>時期,元政府很重視伊斯蘭醫藥學,採取中醫學與回醫學同時並舉的方針。在太醫院中有專門研究和使用伊斯蘭醫藥的「廣惠司」,其職責是「掌修製御用回回藥物及和劑,以療諸宿衞士及在京孤寒者。」在它下面還設有大都回回藥物院和上都回回藥物院,掌管回回(穆斯林)藥事。在元代,有很多阿拉伯-伊斯蘭醫師來到中國,受到朝野歡迎,被稱為「回回醫官」。他們對<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="解剖學">解剖學</a>頗有研究,精通各種手術。元末明初的文學家<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%97%E5%84%80" title="陶宗儀">陶宗儀</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9D%91%E8%BC%9F%E8%80%95%E9%8C%84" title="南村輟耕錄">南村輟耕錄</a>》卷二十二「西域奇術」中,就載有回回醫官開刀為頭痛難忍的兒童從腦中取出<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AB%E7%98%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="腫瘤">腫瘤</a>,動手術治癒腹部膨脹的馬等傳奇故事。這些來華的醫師還攜帶來很多伊斯蘭的醫學書籍<sup id="cite_ref-伊斯蘭Med_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-伊斯蘭Med-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>,著名医学家<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%97%B6%E7%8F%8D" title="李时珍">李时珍</a>的医学巨著《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%BA%B2%E7%9B%AE" title="本草纲目">本草纲目</a>》成书,这本书不仅是药物学专著,还包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学">植物学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="动物学">动物学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="矿物学">矿物学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="化学">化学</a>等方面的知识。《本草纲目》刊行后很快传入日本、朝鲜及越南等亚洲地区,在公元17、18世纪先后被翻译成多种欧洲语言。另一方面,李时珍是世界上第一个提出大脑负责精神感觉、发现<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%86%E7%BB%93%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="胆结石">胆结石</a>病、利用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E6%95%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="冰敷(页面不存在)">冰敷</a>替高热病人降温以及发明<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E6%AF%92" title="消毒">消毒</a>技术的医学家。此外还有<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8F%94%E5%92%8C" title="王叔和">王叔和</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%89%E7%BB%8F" title="脉经">脉经</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E7%94%AB%E8%B0%A7" title="皇甫谧">皇甫谧</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%88%E7%81%B8%E7%94%B2%E4%B9%99%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="针灸甲乙经">针灸甲乙经</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%BC%98%E6%99%AF" title="陶弘景">陶弘景</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%BB%8F%E9%9B%86%E6%B3%A8" title="本草经集注">本草经集注</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%B4%AA" title="葛洪">葛洪</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%98%E5%BE%8C%E5%82%99%E6%80%A5%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="肘後備急方">肘后备急方</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A2%E5%85%83%E6%96%B9" title="巢元方">巢元方</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E7%97%85%E6%BA%90%E5%80%99%E8%AB%96" title="諸病源候論">诸病源候论</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%95%AC" title="蘇敬">苏敬</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%BF%AE%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89" title="新修本草">新修本草</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%87%BE_(%E5%94%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="王燾 (唐)">王焘</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%8F%B0%E7%A7%98%E8%A6%81" class="mw-redirect" title="外台秘要">外台秘要</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%B8%B9%E8%B4%A1%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="元丹贡布">元丹贡布</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%8C%BB%E5%85%B8" title="四部医典">四部医典</a>》、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%9C%A3%E6%83%A0%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="太平圣惠方(页面不存在)">太平圣惠方</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%83%9F%E4%B8%80" title="王惟一">王惟一</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%9C%E4%BA%BA%E8%85%A7%E7%A9%B4%E9%92%88%E7%81%B8%E5%9B%BE%E7%BB%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="铜人腧穴针灸图经(页面不存在)">铜人腧穴针灸图经</a>》等大量医学典籍问世。自明朝中医发展已经达到了顶峰,出现了诸多的医学流派。同时在朝鲜研究中医的所谓<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="韓醫學">東醫學</a>也得到了很大的发展,例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B1%E6%B5%9A" title="許浚">許浚</a>撰寫了《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AF%B6%E9%91%91" title="東醫寶鑑">東醫寶鑑</a>》。 </p><p>清初至鼎盛時期,醫藥學進步所表現在很多方面,基本上是<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>醫藥盛況的延續。如對經典著作的研究、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="本草學">本草學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%89%82%E5%AD%A6" title="方剂学">方劑學</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%BA%E6%96%B7%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="診斷治療學(页面不存在)">診斷治療學</a>、醫案整理等,均較明朝更成熟。各家學派的紛爭也逐漸緩和,大多醫家能採各家之長折衷於臨床。但也不乏固守《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="內經">內經</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A3%E7%B6%93" title="難經">難經</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B7%E5%AF%92%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="傷寒論">傷寒論</a>》,而批評金元以後一切新說的醫學,這與當時考據學盛行不無關係<sup id="cite_ref-第三小節:醫藥學概況_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-第三小節:醫藥學概況-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。清朝中醫藥學最重要的成就,就是關於急性傳染病的研究,它已形成一個新的系統,即<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E7%97%85%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="溫病學說(页面不存在)">溫病學說</a>。這一學說的出現,雖然是基於歷代醫家的有關成就上,但清代溫病學派在中醫發展史上的貢獻,仍然是相當顯著的,它並不亞於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89" title="东汉">东汉</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E4%BB%B2%E6%99%AF" title="張仲景">張仲景</a>著《<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B7%E5%AF%92%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="傷寒論">傷寒論</a>》,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝">金朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%AE%8C%E7%B4%A0" title="劉完素">劉完素</a>創<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E9%96%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="河間學派(页面不存在)">河間學派</a><sup id="cite_ref-第三小節:醫藥學概況_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-第三小節:醫藥學概況-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>自清朝末年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="现代医学">现代医学</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>开始湧入中国,造成中医不再是中国地区唯一的医学。开始出现中西医并存的局面。现代,中医在中国仍然是治疗疾病的常用手段之一。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="现代中医史"><span id=".E7.8E.B0.E4.BB.A3.E4.B8.AD.E5.8C.BB.E5.8F.B2"></span>现代中医史</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="编辑章节:现代中医史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Kong_Museum_of_Medical_Sciences,_The_Herbalist_Shop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hong_Kong_Museum_of_Medical_Sciences%2C_The_Herbalist_Shop.jpg/240px-Hong_Kong_Museum_of_Medical_Sciences%2C_The_Herbalist_Shop.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hong_Kong_Museum_of_Medical_Sciences%2C_The_Herbalist_Shop.jpg/360px-Hong_Kong_Museum_of_Medical_Sciences%2C_The_Herbalist_Shop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hong_Kong_Museum_of_Medical_Sciences%2C_The_Herbalist_Shop.jpg/480px-Hong_Kong_Museum_of_Medical_Sciences%2C_The_Herbalist_Shop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2746" data-file-height="2060" /></a><figcaption>香港醫學博物館底層展覽廳內的中國傳統草藥店</figcaption></figure> <p>受到西方衝擊後,大多認為中醫是充滿偏方與迷信的醫學,但從1950年代起,中醫開始引進西醫的研究系統,并且透過對療程的原理的科學性分析,重新解釋中医,而這樣系統化的整理、導入西方生物、分子醫學等概念成就了現代中醫,從空虛的陰陽調和概念,改變為著重學理基礎。 </p><p>在国际上中医<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%88%E7%81%B8" title="针灸">针灸</a>作为中医学的一个部分,引起医学界的兴趣,有學者認為,针灸已被证实在减轻手术后疼痛、懷孕期反胃、化疗所产生的反胃和呕吐、牙齿疼痛方面是有效的且其副作用非常低,针灸对痛证、神经性疾病疗效非常显著。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界卫生组织">世界卫生组织</a>(簡稱:WHO)认为,只有部份的傳統藥學包含针灸和草药在臨床實驗裡得到比較有力的結果支持其功效,其他傳統療程與草藥仍需進一步的研究,不能忽视传统疗法存在的安全性及危险性的風險,乃至於偷獵保育類藥材,而且生物體內的麻醉劑、毒素積累近年來被逐漸發現,被證明很有可能弄巧成拙,以至於致人於死的案例多次上演,也因為本身就是地下經濟,存在冒充假藥獲取暴利等问题<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。WHO在2002年5月26日發表「2002-2005年傳統醫藥研究全球策略」,邀請全球180餘國將替代醫學納入該國的醫療政策。 </p><p>WHO世界衞生大會將於2019年推出第11版全球醫學綱要,並首次將中醫傳統醫學納入其中。此舉意味着中醫在全球或躋身主流療法,而非僅僅作為手術、放射治療等準備療法之外的補充療法。 全球醫學綱要又稱為「國際疾病與相關健康問題統計分類」(ICD),在全球範圍擁有極大的影響力。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="基礎理论"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E7.A4.8E.E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA"></span>基礎理论</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="编辑章节:基礎理论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="基础理论爭論"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E7.A1.80.E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA.E7.88.AD.E8.AB.96"></span>基础理论爭論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="编辑章节:基础理论爭論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中醫理論按照其理論基礎可以分為三個時期 ,分別為湯液經法時期、今文尚書時期、古文尚書時期。 </p><p>我們今日主流社會所看到的是以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E6%96%87%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="今文尚书">今文尚書</a>經學家代表的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D%E5%85%A7%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃帝內經">黃帝內經</a>》學說。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢武帝">漢武帝</a>時置<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%BB%8F%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="五经博士">五經博士</a>,提倡<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E6%96%87%E7%BB%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="今文经学">今文經學</a>。後來<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢武帝">漢武帝</a>時,因<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E6%81%AD%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="魯恭王">魯恭王</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%A4%98" title="劉餘">劉餘</a>壞<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="孔子宅">孔子宅</a>,於孔家壁中得<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%9D%8C%E8%9A%AA%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="古蝌蚪文">古蝌蚪文</a>經書,當中有《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="古文尚書">古文尚書</a>》。簡而言之:《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="古文尚書">古文尚書</a>》與《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E6%96%87%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="今文尚书">今文尚書</a>》的出現皆與漢朝宗室控制社會有關。漢武帝後,湯液經法家隱於民間,流傳下來的只有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E6%96%87%E7%BB%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="今文经学">今文經學</a>家。在二十世紀初年,《<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E8%A1%8C%E8%A8%A3%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91%E7%94%A8%E8%97%A5%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%81" title="輔行訣臟腑用藥法要">輔行訣臟腑用藥法要</a>》出土。重新發現了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E6%B6%B2%E7%B6%93%E6%B3%95" title="湯液經法">湯液經法</a>學派的基礎理論。在時序上,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E6%B6%B2%E7%B6%93%E6%B3%95" title="湯液經法">湯液經法</a>家理論最早完成,其次是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E6%96%87%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="今文尚书">今文尚書</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="古文尚書">古文尚書</a>,許慎在五經異義中提到“《異義》:《今文尚書》(案,漢人但稱今《尚書》,裴鬆之注《三國·吳誌》始稱《今文尚書》,此引《異義》,誤衍文字。)歐陽說,肝,木也;心,火也;脾,土也;肺,金也;腎,水也。古《尚書》說,脾,木也;肺,火也;心,土也;肝,金也;腎,水也。許慎案,《月令》春祭脾,夏祭肺,季夏祭心,秋祭肝,冬祭腎,與古《尚書》同。鄭駁之雲:《月令》祭四時之位,及其五藏之上下次之耳。冬位在後,而腎在下;夏位在前,而肺在上;春位小前,故祭先脾;秋位小郤,故祭先肝。腎也,脾也,俱在鬲下;肺也,心也,肝也,俱在鬲上。祭者必三,故有先後焉,不得同五行之氣。今醫病之法,以肝為木,心為火,脾為土,肺為金,腎為水,則有瘳也。若反其術,不死為劇。(《禮記》十三《月令》正義)”<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="古文尚書">古文尚書</a>由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%94%9F" title="伏生">伏生</a>所傳,而<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E6%96%87%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="今文尚书">今文尚書</a>由<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%BD%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="歐陽和伯">歐陽和伯</a>所傳。臨床實驗證明,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E6%B6%B2%E7%B6%93%E6%B3%95" title="湯液經法">湯液經法</a>家理論與人體的體液味道是一致的。 </p><p>這證明了現今流行的中醫理論基礎實際上是晚出的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E6%96%87%E7%BB%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="今文经学">今文經學</a>的著作,而五行相剋說是戰國時期出現於齊國,而五行相生說是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%90%91" class="mw-redirect" title="劉向">劉向</a>時期出現,所以完善的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D%E5%85%A7%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃帝內經">黃帝內經</a>完成時間絕不可能早於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢宣帝">漢宣帝</a>時期。後來採用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E6%B6%B2%E7%B6%93%E6%B3%95" title="湯液經法">湯液經法</a>的稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="神仙家">神仙家</a>,採用今文尚書的稱為醫經家或稱為針炙家,利用今文尚書與湯液經法雜煣的稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%96%B9" title="經方">經方</a>家。 </p><p>以下是三個不同時期中醫理論的對比: </p> <ul><li>湯液經家:脾(酸)金、肺(辛)木、肝(苦)水、腎(鹹)火</li> <li>今文經家:肝(酸)木、心(苦)火、脾(甘)土、肺(辛)金、腎(鹹)水</li> <li>古文經家:脾(酸)木、肺(苦)火、心(甘)土、肝(辛)金、腎(鹹)水</li></ul> <p>在《湯液經法》原始中醫理論之中,是採用殷商時期的《龜書》八卦與《龍圖》八卦一共是十六卦的學說。其中和陰陽的地方是相反的。在《湯液經法》或者殷商正統哲學之中:春夏為陰,秋冬為陽。以肺居太陰金,腎居太陽水,脾居少陰火,肝居少陽木。以應四時:春脈大、夏脈浮、秋脈細、冬脈沉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="今文學派基础理论"><span id=".E4.BB.8A.E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8.E6.B4.BE.E5.9F.BA.E7.A1.80.E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA"></span>今文學派基础理论</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="编辑章节:今文學派基础理论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glio_5elements.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Glio_5elements.gif/250px-Glio_5elements.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Glio_5elements.gif/375px-Glio_5elements.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Glio_5elements.gif/500px-Glio_5elements.gif 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>五行生剋,图中表示的“心”、“脾”等名词在中医学中表示的是相关的一个<b>系统</b>,而不仅仅指的是现代医学的“器官”</figcaption></figure> <p>今文學派理论来源于儒家今文學派的总结及儒家<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="陰陽">陰陽</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C" title="五行">五行</a>思想。其內容包括精氣學說、陰陽五行學說、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-disambig" title="氣">氣</a>血津液、藏象、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E7%B5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="經絡">經絡</a>、體質、病因、發病、病機、治則、養生等。不早於西漢年間,《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%86%85%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝内经">黄帝内经</a>》问世,奠定了儒家医学理論的基础。時至今日,漢代傳統醫學相關的理論、診斷法、治療方法等,均可在此書中找到根源。 </p><p>中醫具有完整的儒家理論體系,其獨特之處,在於董仲舒提出的“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="天人合一">天人合一</a>”、“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%BA%E7%9B%B8%E5%BA%94" title="天人相应">天人相应</a>”的整體觀及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%A8%E8%AD%89%E8%AB%96%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="辨證論治">辨證論治</a>。主要特点有: </p> <ol><li>认为人是自然界的一个组成部分,由最基本的物质(命名为“气”)以及其运动(包括两种不同趋势的基本运动—阴和阳)构成,“人以天地之气生,以四时之法成---《黄帝内经》”。阴阳二气相互对立而又相互依存,并时刻都在运动与变化之中。在正常生理状态下,两者处于一种动态的平衡之中,一旦这种动态平衡受到破坏,即呈现为病理状态。而在治疗疾病,纠正阴阳失衡时并非采取孤立静止的看问题方法,多从动态的角度出发,即强调“恒动观”。</li> <li>认为人与自然界是一个统一的整体,即“天人合一”、“天人相应”。人的生命活动规律以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="疾病">疾病</a>的发生等都与自然界的各种变化(如季节气候、地区方域、昼夜晨昏等)息息相关,人们所处的自然环境不同及人对自然环境的适应程度不同,其体质特征和发病规律亦有所区别。因此在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD" title="诊断">诊断</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97" class="mw-redirect" title="治疗">治疗</a>同一种疾病时,多注重因时、因地、因人制宜,并非千篇一律。</li> <li>认为人体各个<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="组织 (生物学)">组织</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="器官">器官</a>共处于一个统一体中,不论在生理上还是在病理上都是互相联系、互相影响的。因而从不孤立地看待某一生理或病理现象,头痛医头,脚痛医脚,而多从整体的角度来对待疾病的治疗与预防,特別强调“整体观”。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="精炁(氣)學說"><span id=".E7.B2.BE.E7.82.81.EF.BC.88.E6.B0.A3.EF.BC.89.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>精炁(氣)學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="编辑章节:精炁(氣)學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>炁(氣)是構成天地萬物的原始物質。</li> <li>氣的運動稱為“氣機”,有“升降出入”四種形式。由運動而產生的各種變化,稱為“氣化”,如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="動物">動物</a>的“生長壯老已”,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>的“生長化收藏”。</li> <li>氣是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9" title="天">天</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="地">地</a>萬物之間的中介,使之得以交感相應。如:“人與天地相參,與日月相應”。</li> <li>天地之精氣化生為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人">人</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="陰陽學說"><span id=".E9.99.B0.E9.99.BD.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>陰陽學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="编辑章节:陰陽學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>陰陽是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a>中相互關聯的事物或現象對立雙方屬性的概括。最初是指日光的向背,向日光為陽,背日光為陰。</li> <li>陰為“體”,陽為“用”;陰為有形之“體”,陽為無形之“用”。</li> <li>陰陽的交互作用包括:陰陽交感、對立制約、互根互用、消長平衡、相互轉化。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="五行學說"><span id=".E4.BA.94.E8.A1.8C.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>五行學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="编辑章节:五行學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>五行学说是戰國儒家哲学的重要成就,五行即木、火、土、金、水,但是这并不代表五種物質,而是物質的五种属性。 </p><p>五行于中医则体现了具备这五种属性的人体五大系统的相互关系。木火土金水这五个符号分别代表肝、心、脾、肺、肾所统领的五大系统。中医不是研究微观的病毒细菌如何作用于人体的理论,而是研究人体整体内在环境与各个系统之间的关系,并且通过中药、按摩、针灸,甚至心理作用去调节各个系统之间的平衡,以此保持身体健康。 </p> <ul><li>五行的交互作用包括:相生、相克、制化、勝復、相侮、相乘、母子相及。</li></ul> <ul><li>五行相生:臟腑之間互相聯繫和促進的關係,木生火、火生土、土生金、金生水、水生木。</li> <li>五行相剋:臟腑之間互相制約的關係,木剋土、土剋水、水剋火、火剋金、金剋木。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="臟象學說"><span id=".E8.87.9F.E8.B1.A1.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>臟象學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="编辑章节:臟象學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>臟:指人體內的五臟六腑、奇恒之府,通稱為<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91" title="臟腑">臟腑</a>。象:一指“形象”,即臟腑的解剖形態;二指“徵象”,即臟腑表現於外的生理病理;三指“應象”,即臟腑相應於四時陰陽之象。</li> <li>透過外在“象”的變化,以測知內在“臟”的生理病理狀態,稱為“從象測臟”。即“視其外應,以知其內臟”。</li> <li>“臟腑”不單是解剖型態的概念,而是包括解剖、生理、病理在內的綜合概念。</li> <li>五臟:指<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D_(%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91)" title="肝 (臟腑)">肝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83_(%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91)" title="心 (臟腑)">心</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%BE_(%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91)" title="脾 (臟腑)">脾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA_(%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91)" title="肺 (臟腑)">肺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8E_(%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB)" class="mw-redirect" title="腎 (中醫)">腎</a>,一般笼统功能為“化生和儲藏精氣”。</li> <li>六腑:指<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD_(%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91)" title="膽 (臟腑)">膽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83_(%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91)" title="胃 (臟腑)">胃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%85%B8_(%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91)" title="大腸 (臟腑)">大腸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%85%B8_(%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91)" title="小腸 (臟腑)">小腸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%80%E8%83%B1_(%E8%87%9F%E8%85%91)" title="膀胱 (臟腑)">膀胱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%84%A6" title="三焦">三焦</a>,一般笼统功能為“腐熟水榖、分清泌濁、傳化糟粕”。</li> <li>奇恒之府:指“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E8%85%A6#中医学理论" title="人腦">腦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%93" title="髓">髓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="骨">骨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="脈">脈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="膽">膽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="女子胞">女子胞</a>”。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="氣血津液"><span id=".E6.B0.A3.E8.A1.80.E6.B4.A5.E6.B6.B2"></span>氣血津液</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="编辑章节:氣血津液"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>氣、血、津液是構成和維持人體生命活動的基本物質</li> <li>氣的生成源自<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="先天">先天</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%A4%A9" title="後天">後天</a>。稟受於父母的精氣,稱為“先天之氣”。肺吸入自然的清氣,與脾胃運化水榖產生的水榖之氣,合稱為“後天之氣”。</li> <li>氣有推動、溫煦、防禦、固攝、氣化、營養等作用。</li> <li>人體的氣可分為元氣、宗氣、營氣、衛氣、臟腑之氣、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E7%B5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="經絡">經絡</a>之氣。</li> <li>氣的“升降出入”運動失常,稱為“氣機不調”。其表現形式有氣滯、氣鬱、氣逆、氣陷、氣脫、氣閉等。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="經絡學說"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E7.B5.A1.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>經絡學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="编辑章节:經絡學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%88%E7%81%B8%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="针灸学">針灸學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A7%E7%A9%B4" title="腧穴">腧穴</a></div> <ul><li>經絡是人體運行氣血、聯絡臟腑形體官竅、溝通上下內外的通道。</li> <li>經絡系統包括十二經脈、十二經別、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%AB%E8%84%89" title="奇经八脉">奇經八脈</a>、十五別絡、浮絡、孫絡、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E7%AD%8B" title="經筋">十二經筋</a>、十二皮部等。</li> <li>經絡在中醫學的重要性正如《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%81%E9%B5%B2%E5%BF%83%E6%9B%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="扁鵲心書(页面不存在)">扁鵲心書</a>》所說:“學醫不知經絡,開口動手便錯。蓋經絡不明,無以識病證之根源,究陰陽之傳變。”</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="病因學說"><span id=".E7.97.85.E5.9B.A0.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>病因學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="编辑章节:病因學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《黃帝內經》將病因分為陰陽兩類:“生於陽者,得之風雨寒暑”,“生於陰者,得之飲食、居處、陰陽、喜怒”。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="漢代">漢代</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E4%BB%B2%E6%99%AF" title="張仲景">張仲景</a>在《金匱要略》中,把病因分為三類:“經絡受邪入臟腑,為內所因”,“四肢九竅,血脈相傳,壅塞不通,為外皮膚所中”,“房室、金刃、蟲獸所傷”。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="宋代">宋代</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%97%A0%E6%8B%A9" title="陈无择">陳無擇</a>提出“三因學說”:外所因、內所因、不內外因。</li> <li>近代則將病因分為五類: <ul><li>外感病因:包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%B7%AB" title="六淫">六淫</a>(風寒暑濕燥火)和癘氣。</li> <li>內傷病因:包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%83%85" title="七情">七情</a>(喜怒憂思悲恐驚)、飲食失宜、勞逸失度。</li> <li>繼發病因:包括痰飲、瘀血、結石。</li> <li>其他病因:包括外傷、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%9F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="寄生蟲">寄生蟲</a>、胎傳、諸毒、醫過。</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="發病"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E7.97.85"></span>發病</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="编辑章节:發病"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>邪氣與正氣交戰,決定發病及疾病的發展變化。又稱為“正邪分爭”。</li> <li>“邪氣”泛指各種致病因素,“正氣”指人體的自我修復調節能力、適應環境能力、抗病能力等。</li> <li>“正氣不足”是發病的內在依據,即“邪之所湊,其氣必虛”、“正氣存內,邪不可干”。</li> <li>體質、情志、地域、氣候等,與發病有密切關係。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="病機"><span id=".E7.97.85.E6.A9.9F"></span>病機</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="编辑章节:病機"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>病機是疾病發生、發展與傳變的機理,又稱“病理”。</li> <li>基本病機包括:邪正盛衰、陰陽失調、氣血失常、津液代謝失常</li> <li>內生五邪,包括:風氣內動、寒從中生、濕濁內生、津傷化燥、火熱內生</li> <li>病位傳變,包括:表裡出入、六經傳變、三焦傳變、衛氣營血傳變、臟腑傳變等</li> <li>病性轉化,包括:寒熱轉化、虛實轉化等</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="《湯液經法》學派基礎理論"><span id=".E3.80.8A.E6.B9.AF.E6.B6.B2.E7.B6.93.E6.B3.95.E3.80.8B.E5.AD.B8.E6.B4.BE.E5.9F.BA.E7.A4.8E.E7.90.86.E8.AB.96"></span>《湯液經法》學派基礎理論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="编辑章节:《湯液經法》學派基礎理論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Section_OR plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/20px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/30px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章节<b>可能包含<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究">原创研究</a>或<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">未查证内容</a>。</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b>需要提供<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">更多來源</a></b>,否則內容可能<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>《湯液經法》學派是自殷商以來傳承的中醫學派,经方派代表<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。這一套理論與儒家派生的今文經學派有相當大的差別。例如《湯液經法》學派之中沒有五行理論,採用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B3%B6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="南島民族">南島民族</a>祖宗的「連山」「歸藏」十六卦學說,而且當中陰陽是與今文學派顛倒的。以下的理論還原是出自香港歷史學家陳振銘「由《輔行訣臟腑用藥法要》到香港當代新經學」。<sup id="cite_ref-由《輔行訣臟腑用藥法要》到香港當代新經學_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-由《輔行訣臟腑用藥法要》到香港當代新經學-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="陰陽學說_2"><span id=".E9.99.B0.E9.99.BD.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA_2"></span>陰陽學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="编辑章节:陰陽學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《湯液經法》學派以「立竿測影」之法,定日影之長為陽,日影之短為陰。 </p><p>推導出: </p><p>立春為少陰之陰巽,春分為少陰之陽坎。 </p><p>立夏為太陰之陽艮,夏至為太陰之陰坤。 </p><p>立秋為少陽之陽震,秋分為少陽之陰離。 </p><p>立冬為太陽之陰兌,冬至為太陽之陽乾。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="寒熱學說"><span id=".E5.AF.92.E7.86.B1.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>寒熱學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="编辑章节:寒熱學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>春候溫、夏候熱、秋候涼、冬候寒。 春為少陰溫火、夏為太陰熱金、秋為少陽涼木、冬為太陽寒水。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="脈法學說"><span id=".E8.84.88.E6.B3.95.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>脈法學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="编辑章节:脈法學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>春脈大,夏脈浮,秋脈細,冬脈沉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="正隅學說"><span id=".E6.AD.A3.E9.9A.85.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>正隅學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="编辑章节:正隅學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>四正者,脾肺肝腎。 四隅者,胃心膽腸。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="四靈學說"><span id=".E5.9B.9B.E9.9D.88.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>四靈學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="编辑章节:四靈學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>南方為龍、北方為鳳、東方為龜、西方為麟。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="八卦學說"><span id=".E5.85.AB.E5.8D.A6.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>八卦學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="编辑章节:八卦學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>春金為脾胃、夏木為肺心、秋水為肝膽、冬火為腎腸。 </p><p>立春為胃金,色白坤。 春分為脾金,色黃艮。 立夏為心木,色綠離。 夏至為肺木,色青震。 立秋為膽水,色黑乾。 秋分為肝水,色藍兌。 立冬為腸火,色洋紅坎。 冬至為腎火,色紅巽。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="味道學說"><span id=".E5.91.B3.E9.81.93.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>味道學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="编辑章节:味道學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>春金為脾、夏木為肺、秋水為肝、冬火為腎。 味辛皆屬木、味鹹皆屬火、味酸皆屬金、味苦皆屬水。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="氣血精津學說"><span id=".E6.B0.A3.E8.A1.80.E7.B2.BE.E6.B4.A5.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>氣血精津學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="编辑章节:氣血精津學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>肺主氣,腎主血,脾主精,肝主津。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="四情學說"><span id=".E5.9B.9B.E6.83.85.E5.AD.B8.E8.AA.AA"></span>四情學說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="编辑章节:四情學說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>肺主喜,脾主怒,肝主憂,腎主恐。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="现代中医基础理论"><span id=".E7.8E.B0.E4.BB.A3.E4.B8.AD.E5.8C.BB.E5.9F.BA.E7.A1.80.E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA"></span>现代中医基础理论</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="编辑章节:现代中医基础理论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章节<b>尚無任何内容,需要<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=">扩充</a></b>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="診斷方法"><span id=".E8.A8.BA.E6.96.B7.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>診斷方法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="编辑章节:診斷方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%A8%BA%E6%96%B7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中醫診斷學">中醫診斷學</a></div> <p>在诊断治疗疾病时,采取<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%A8%E8%AF%81%E8%AE%BA%E6%B2%BB" title="辨证论治">辨证论治</a>的方法,即将望、闻、问、切四诊收集到的资料、症状和体征,通过分析、综合,辨清疾病的原因、性质、部位、以及邪正之间的关系,概括、判定为某种性质的“证”,以探求疾病的本质,从而得出结论,并在此基础上确定治疗原则与具体治法。这种方法既不同于简单的局部对症治疗,又有别于不分主次、不分阶段、不分性质、一方一药治一病的辨病治疗方法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="治療方法"><span id=".E6.B2.BB.E7.99.82.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>治療方法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="编辑章节:治療方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%97%A5%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中藥學">中藥學</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seahorse_Skeleton_Macro_8_-_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Seahorse_Skeleton_Macro_8_-_edit.jpg/180px-Seahorse_Skeleton_Macro_8_-_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Seahorse_Skeleton_Macro_8_-_edit.jpg/270px-Seahorse_Skeleton_Macro_8_-_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Seahorse_Skeleton_Macro_8_-_edit.jpg/360px-Seahorse_Skeleton_Macro_8_-_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%A6%AC" title="海馬">海馬</a>是常見的中藥藥引</figcaption></figure> <p>治疗手段和方法丰富多采,既有一般内服药物的内治法,又有药物外敷、热熨、熏洗等外治法,以及独特的<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%88%E7%81%B8" title="针灸">针灸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%94%E7%BD%90" title="拔罐">拔罐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E6%8B%BF" title="推拿">推拿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%89%E6%91%A9" title="按摩">按摩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="气功">气功</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B0%94" title="布气">布气</a>等非药物疗法,还有以<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E8%86%B3" title="藥膳">药膳</a>为代表的日常食品疗法。 </p><p>一般而言,完整的中醫處方,至少包括四項以上:<b>情治</b>(情緒控制)方面的指導;<b>忌口</b>(飲食應注意的事項);<b>運動</b>的建議(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E6%B3%B3" title="游泳">游泳</a>、跑步、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E5%BC%95" class="mw-disambig" title="導引">導引</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%8A%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="氣功">氣功</a>等);<b>中藥</b>的使用,或針刺、艾灸(前二者统称<b>针灸</b>)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E6%8B%BF" title="推拿">推拿</a>等。故中醫在治療疾病時,是以<b>身心合一</b>的角度全盤考量。 </p><p>近年来还涌现出了一批传统药物注射制剂,被用于肌肉和静脉注射。此外,绝大多数药物均为天然动、植、矿物,非人工合成之化学品,加之多为复方制剂,配方时可采用相应的拮抗措施。 </p><p>相較於傳統中醫,現代中醫的革新發明例如:<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E9%87%9D%E5%88%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="小針刀(页面不存在)">小針刀</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9%E6%B3%A8%E5%B0%84%E5%88%B6%E5%89%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="传统药物注射制剂(页面不存在)">传统药物注射制剂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%AD%E8%97%A5" title="科學中藥">科學中藥</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="学科分类"><span id=".E5.AD.A6.E7.A7.91.E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>学科分类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="编辑章节:学科分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周朝</a>起有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E9%86%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="食醫(页面不存在)">食醫</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%BE%E9%86%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="疾醫(页面不存在)">疾醫</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%8D%E9%86%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="瘍醫(页面不存在)">瘍醫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%BD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="中兽医学">獸醫</a>之分。<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="隋">隋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90" class="mw-redirect" title="唐">唐</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%86%AB%E7%BD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="太醫署">太醫署</a>分醫學及藥學,醫學設四科,即醫科、針科、按摩科、咒禁科;醫科又分體療、少小、瘡瘍、耳目口齒、角法等五科。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%86%AB%E5%B1%80" title="太醫局">太醫局</a>的醫學教育初分方脈、針、瘍三科,<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E7%A5%9E%E5%AE%97" title="宋神宗">宋神宗</a>以後分為九科,即<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%96%B9%E8%84%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大方脈(页面不存在)">大方脈</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E6%96%B9%E8%84%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="小方脈(页面不存在)">小方脈</a>、風科、產科、眼科、口齒兼咽喉科、瘡腫兼折傷科、針兼灸科、金鏃兼書禁科。<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2" title="太醫院">太醫院</a>分十三科後併為十科:即大方脈雜醫科、小方脈科、風科、產科兼婦人雜病科、眼科、口齒兼咽喉科、正骨兼金鏃科、瘡腫科、針灸科、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9D%E7%94%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="祝由">祝由</a>書禁科。<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="明">明</a>太醫院分為十三科:即大方脈、小方脈、婦人、傷寒、瘡瘍、口齒、咽喉、接骨、金鏃、眼、針灸、按摩、祝由。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="清">清</a>太醫院初分十一科,之後併為九科:大方脈、小方脈、婦人、傷寒、瘡瘍、口齒咽喉、正骨、眼、針灸。<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%85%89" title="道光">道光</a>二年(1822年)上諭:「針刺火灸究非奉君之所宜」,敕令太醫院廢止針灸科。<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%B2%BB" title="同治">同治</a>朝將大方脈、婦人、傷寒併為一科,故只分五科。 </p><p>古代中医学按治疗方式分为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E5%8C%BB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="内医(页面不存在)">内医</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E5%8C%BB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="外医(页面不存在)">外医</a>之分。 </p> <ul><li>内医:内医的治疗目的在于合,现代延续了部分内医。</li> <li>外医:外医的治疗目的在于驱病(驱邪),现代绝大部分已经失传。</li></ul> <p>現代中醫學則可分基礎醫學及臨床醫學兩大部分 </p> <ul><li>基礎中醫學:包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中医基础理论(页面不存在)">中医基础理论</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="中医诊断学">中医诊断学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="中药学">中药学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%89%82%E5%AD%A6" title="方剂学">方剂学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="內經">內經</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B7%E5%AF%92%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="傷寒論">傷寒論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E7%97%85%E5%AD%B8" title="溫病學">溫病學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="中醫史">中国中医学史</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%90%84%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="中醫各家學說">中醫各家學說</a>等;</li> <li>臨床中醫學:包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="中医内科">中医内科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="中医外科">中医外科</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%A6%87%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中医妇科(页面不存在)">中医妇科</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%84%BF%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中医儿科(页面不存在)">中医儿科</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%88%E7%81%B8%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="针灸科(页面不存在)">针灸科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E9%AA%A8%E4%BC%A4%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="中医骨伤科">中医骨伤科</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A8%E6%8B%BF%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="推拿科(页面不存在)">推拿科</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E7%9C%BC%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中医眼科(页面不存在)">中医眼科</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E8%80%B3%E9%BC%BB%E5%92%BD%E5%96%89%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中医耳鼻咽喉科(页面不存在)">中医耳鼻咽喉科</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%BB%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中西医结合医学(页面不存在)">中西医结合医学</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F%E7%A7%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="气功科(页面不存在)">气功科</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中医护理(页面不存在)">中医护理</a>等。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中醫學典籍"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E9.86.AB.E5.AD.B8.E5.85.B8.E7.B1.8D"></span>中醫學典籍</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39" title="编辑章节:中醫學典籍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><small>參見:<a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%85%B8%E7%B1%8D" title="Category:中醫典籍">中醫典籍</a></small></dd></dl> <p>中醫典籍可分為<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%B6%93" title="醫經">醫經</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E8%AB%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="醫論(页面不存在)">醫論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89" class="mw-redirect" title="本草">本草</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="醫方(页面不存在)">醫方</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E6%A1%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="醫案(页面不存在)">醫案</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="醫話(页面不存在)">醫話</a>等,例如《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%86%85%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝内经">黄帝内经</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%BE%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="难经">難经</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A4%E5%AF%92%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="伤寒论">伤寒论</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%8C%B1%E8%A6%81%E7%95%A5" title="金匱要略">金匱要略</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%9C%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%BB%8F" title="神农本草经">神农本草经</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%99%E6%80%A5%E5%8D%83%E9%87%91%E8%A6%81%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="備急千金要方">備急千金要方</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%BA%B2%E7%9B%AE" title="本草纲目">本草纲目</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E9%86%AB%E9%A1%9E%E6%A1%88" title="名醫類案">名醫類案</a>》。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="流派及医家"><span id=".E6.B5.81.E6.B4.BE.E5.8F.8A.E5.8C.BB.E5.AE.B6"></span>流派及医家</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40" title="编辑章节:流派及医家"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中医学家列表(页面不存在)">中医学家列表</a></div> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="漢書">漢書</a>·藝文志》中,將醫家分為“醫經”、“<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%96%B9" title="經方">經方</a>”、“神仙”、“房中”四大流派。發展至今,可分為八大流派:<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B7%E5%AF%92%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="傷寒學派">傷寒學派</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E9%96%93%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="河間學派(页面不存在)">河間學派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E6%B0%B4%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="易水學派">易水學派</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BB%E9%82%AA%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="攻邪學派(页面不存在)">攻邪學派</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E6%BA%AA%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="丹溪學派(页面不存在)">丹溪學派</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E8%A3%9C%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="溫補學派(页面不存在)">溫補學派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E7%97%85%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="溫病學派">溫病學派</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%AF%E9%80%9A%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中西匯通學派(页面不存在)">中西匯通學派</a>。 </p><p>从古至今,知名的和传说中的中医学家有:(參见:<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中医学家列表(页面不存在)">中医学家列表</a>) </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%90%E4%BC%AF" title="岐伯">岐伯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%81%E9%B9%8A" title="扁鹊">扁鹊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E4%BB%B2%E6%99%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="张仲景">张仲景</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BD%97" title="华佗">华佗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8F%94%E5%92%8C" title="王叔和">王叔和</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%BC%98%E6%99%AF" title="陶弘景">陶弘景</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E6%80%9D%E9%82%88" title="孙思邈">孙思邈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%85%88" title="宋慈">宋慈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%AE%8C%E7%B4%A0" title="劉完素">刘完素</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E4%BB%8E%E6%AD%A3" title="张从正">张从正</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%9D%B2" class="mw-disambig" title="李杲">李杲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E9%9C%87%E4%BA%A8" title="朱震亨">朱震亨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%99%AF%E5%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="張景岳">張景岳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E5%B1%B1" title="傅山">傅山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E6%A1%82" class="mw-disambig" title="葉桂">葉桂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E4%BF%AE%E5%9B%AD" title="陈修园">陈修园</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E9%A2%96%E7%94%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="曹颖甫">曹颖甫</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%99%E6%97%A0%E8%A8%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="余无言(页面不存在)">余无言</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%AE%B9%E5%B7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="唐容川">唐容川</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E4%BC%AF%E6%9C%AA" title="秦伯未">秦伯未</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%AC" title="章次公">章次公</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%B5%E7%BB%8D%E7%90%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="赵绍琴(页面不存在)">赵绍琴</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%A0%E7%AE%80%E6%96%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="张简斋(页面不存在)">张简斋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E4%BB%8A%E5%A2%A8" title="施今墨">施今墨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E9%97%A8%E9%9B%AA" title="程门雪">程门雪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E8%BE%85%E5%91%A8" title="蒲辅周">蒲辅周</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A6%E5%AD%A3%E4%BA%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="左季云(页面不存在)">左季云</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%AF%BF%E5%85%A8" title="郑寿全">郑寿全</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%87%E5%85%81%E8%B3%A2" title="談允賢">談允賢</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中医与近現代醫學的異同"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.8C.BB.E4.B8.8E.E8.BF.91.E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E9.86.AB.E5.AD.B8.E7.9A.84.E7.95.B0.E5.90.8C"></span>中医与近現代醫學的異同</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41" title="编辑章节:中医与近現代醫學的異同"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自从近現代醫學(又稱西洋医学)隨著傳教士由歐洲传入中国之后,两种医学体系的競爭與融合就一直在进行。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="醫學理論體系"><span id=".E9.86.AB.E5.AD.B8.E7.90.86.E8.AB.96.E9.AB.94.E7.B3.BB"></span>醫學理論體系</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42" title="编辑章节:醫學理論體系"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>世界上的醫療體系大致上可分成: </p><p>“擬人論醫學體系”(神學):認為疾病的發生是由於超自然物(神靈)力量所造成的,如<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E4%BD%86" title="撒但">撒但</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BC" title="鬼">鬼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="神祇">神祇</a>等,<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E9%86%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="巫醫">巫醫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A9%E7%AB%A5" title="乩童">乩童</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%92%92" class="mw-redirect" title="符咒">符咒</a>等即屬於此類。 </p><p>“自然論醫學體系”(經驗醫學):認為疾病的發生是由於自然環境的變化或人的生活方式不正常所造成的,如氣候的變化、飲食習慣、人的情緒變化等。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中醫學">中醫學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="寿命吠陀">寿命吠陀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E5%8B%A2%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="順勢療法">順勢療法</a>等即屬於此類。 </p><p>“科學論醫學體系”(實驗設計):經由設立假說、實驗設計,並利用演繹、歸納等方法呈現結果,或藉由科學儀器偵測所產生的醫學,是近現代醫學的主流,例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%86%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="西醫">西醫</a>。 </p><p>其中前面兩者被歸類為<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="傳統醫學">傳統醫學</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="替代医学">替代醫學</a>,而後者則屬於現代醫學的主流。 </p><p>这三种类型的医学对世界的认识有本质的区别,底层观念不同,所以互相之间基本无法交流沟通: </p><p>“拟人论医学”的世界里,人是自卑的,一切的真理,宇宙的奥妙,是掌握在无法揣度的神秘力量手中的,人类想获得某种期许,只能求告这种无法掌控的神秘力量。 </p><p>“自然论医学”的世界里,人是自负的,认为宇宙运行在简单的原理之中,该原理普世通用,人体的一切奥秘也遵循其中。只要掌握了该原理,世界上的一切问题都可以分析解决,医学也不例外。并且认为原理已经被发现掌握,人们只需要遵循执行,便可以解决任何问题。 </p><p>“科学论医学”的世界里,人是不卑不亢的,对客观世界的观察实证是唯一标准。因事物的运行是客观且有规律可循的,人们通过经验、逻辑、实证的方式,可以将生物体的现象进行归因,从而掌握规律,获得处理某些问题的能力。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="診斷疾病的思維方式"><span id=".E8.A8.BA.E6.96.B7.E7.96.BE.E7.97.85.E7.9A.84.E6.80.9D.E7.B6.AD.E6.96.B9.E5.BC.8F"></span>診斷疾病的思維方式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=43" title="编辑章节:診斷疾病的思維方式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中醫診斷疾病是依<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%97%BB%E9%97%AE%E5%88%87" class="mw-redirect" title="望闻问切">望聞問切</a>的結果來辨病及辨症,但也有只<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="病">辨病</a>不<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%A8%E7%97%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="辨症(页面不存在)">辨症</a>(例如急症或有專病專方時),或只辨症不辨病(例如遇到不知名的疾病、疑難雜症、或調理體質等)的情況。與現代醫學在診斷上注重「病」的方式不同的是,中醫常會強調「辨(症)」。 </p><p>以<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92" class="mw-redirect" title="感冒">感冒</a>為例,現代醫學醫師會分辨究竟是<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="病毒">病毒</a>性或是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="細菌">細菌</a>性的感染,會鑑別是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93" title="上呼吸道感染">上呼吸道感染</a>或是合併<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="肺炎">肺炎</a>;但這些診斷對中醫師而言,卻不是最重要的。以中醫的觀點,需要分辨的是,這是屬於風寒或風熱;若屬風寒則又辨屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%97%85" title="太陽病">太陽病</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E6%98%8E%E7%97%85" title="陽明病">陽明病</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E9%99%BD%E7%97%85" title="少陽病">少陽病</a>;屬風熱則辨別病邪在衛氣營血的哪個階段等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="治療的思維及方法"><span id=".E6.B2.BB.E7.99.82.E7.9A.84.E6.80.9D.E7.B6.AD.E5.8F.8A.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>治療的思維及方法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=44" title="编辑章节:治療的思維及方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中医主要通过中药、针灸等治療方法,幫助人體驅除病邪,恢復正氣。其思維可簡約為攻補二類,依病情不同,施行攻或補、或攻補兼施。傳統上,臨床進行攻補有八個方法,即「汗、吐、下、和、溫、清、補、消」,稱為八法。 </p><p>中醫學的價值之一在於<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%89%82" title="方剂">方劑</a>,藥方是醫者的經驗結晶。中醫學本身發展的過程即是實驗的醫學,尤其是經過無數的醫家數百年,甚至上千年來的臨床人體實驗反覆使用,證實實際有效而被記載流傳下來的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%96%B9" title="經方">經方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="時方">時方</a>等。直接面對疾病,掌握<b>主症</b>,選擇對症的方劑進行加減,不拘泥於理論,以治療疾病,這是中醫精髓<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%A8%E7%97%87%E8%AB%96%E6%B2%BB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="辨症論治(页面不存在)">辨症論治</a>的本來面目。 </p><p>现代中医也有使用中西医结合的治療方式,尤其在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國大陸">中國大陸</a>,利用现代醫學检测方法輔助診斷,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="中醫師">中醫師</a>可兼用中藥與西藥為病患治療。 </p><p>中华文化圈中,通常有些病人在患顽固疾病,慢性疾病,和原因不明疾病等疾病时,或者因为现代医学的发展所限,或者是患者所能获得的医疗资源所限,没有治疗的办法时,会求助于中医。但绝大多数人在外科、及病情惡化快速的严重病变的情况下求助于現代醫學。 </p><p>一种疾病可否治愈、其可能性多大,在現代醫學中比在中医中有明确的統計數字可依循。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="疗效验证方法"><span id=".E7.96.97.E6.95.88.E9.AA.8C.E8.AF.81.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>疗效验证方法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=45" title="编辑章节:疗效验证方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>傳統上,中医藉由脈象及病人服藥後症狀的變化等來判斷療效。有些中医認為中醫學很难进行对比试验,但現代研究中醫學的學者,亦建立多種實驗動物模型或進入臨床人體實驗,進行對比試驗,來驗證方劑或中藥的療效。 </p><p>現代醫學的治疗方法和药剂则是要通过科学的对比试验(比如使用安慰剂对比)来确认效果。 </p><p>近年在台灣,各大教學醫院或地區醫院均普遍開設中醫部,並承擔中醫藥臨床試驗的任務。例如:2006年9月24日舉辦的「二〇〇六中醫藥研究暨臨床病例學術研討會」上,<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%BA%9A%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="長庚醫院">長庚醫院</a>北區中醫部主任楊賢鴻發表「<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%A4%B7%E6%95%A3" title="辛夷散">辛夷散</a>治療<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%95%8F%E6%80%A7%E9%BC%BB%E7%82%8E" title="過敏性鼻炎">過敏性鼻炎</a>隨機雙盲臨床療效評估」,在為期兩年的雙盲實驗中,共收集108位病患,完成整體實驗共有60位,其中包括實驗組40位、對照組20位,並針對臨床症狀、鼻腔阻力、鼻腔截面積、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%B5%E8%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="塵蟎">塵螨</a>特異性免疫球蛋白、T淋巴球細胞激素之分泌等各項指標進行統計分析。結果顯示,辛夷散對過敏性鼻炎患者有臨床療效,此療效之機轉包括<a href="/wiki/T%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="T細胞">T細胞</a>的免疫調節及<a href="/wiki/%E5%97%9C%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%80%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="嗜中性白血球">嗜中性白血球</a>活化的影響<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。這是中醫藥科學與其醫療價值驗證的眾多科研舉證之一。而其它具代表性的中醫科研驗證結果也在中華民國<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%BD%B2%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E8%97%A5%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="行政院衛生署中醫藥委員會(页面不存在)">行政院衛生署中醫藥委員會</a>網站有公開而詳實的記錄<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,提供有興趣者一窺中醫與臨床的成效。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="知识传播方式"><span id=".E7.9F.A5.E8.AF.86.E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD.E6.96.B9.E5.BC.8F"></span>知识传播方式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=46" title="编辑章节:知识传播方式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB" title="中醫學系">中醫學系</a></div> <p>中医的典籍大多成书于古代,如成书于<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="战国">战国</a>时期的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%86%85%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝内经">黄帝内经</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89" title="东汉">东汉</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A4%E5%AF%92%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="伤寒论">伤寒论</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%BA%B2%E7%9B%AE" title="本草纲目">本草纲目</a>》,使用文言或古人的口語、歌訣記載,今人不易了解,而增加傳播的難度。古代中國官方亦不斷蒐集修訂各類中醫典籍,成為官修醫書,並設有考試制度,而在民間則多以師帶徒或家傳的方式傳承。近現代則成立中醫藥大學或學院等,對中醫學進行的系統整理、研究、教學,而在民間也保留部分師帶徒及家傳方式。 </p><p>中医和现代医学一个非常不同的地方在于中医注重古人的經驗。中医医生推崇中国古代医书,相反现代医学的研究者则更着重医学的发展。 </p><p>現代醫學不断推陈出新、开放新药品。中医則一方面对古代秘方,医书進行挖掘、蒐集、考證、從中吸取古人的臨床經驗,並繼續加以檢視及運用,另一方面也不斷以<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%96%B9" title="經方">經方</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="時方">時方</a>為基礎,針對不同的疾病在臨床上進行加減,研製新的方劑,或藉由改變劑型,例如中藥注射製劑,來擴展方劑的治療範圍或加強其療效。 </p><p>现代医学则是根据成文的知识体系进行,如果某种治疗方法或药剂不对或有效,这种知识能很快得以传播。現代藉由網路及傳播媒體的發達,以及中醫藥大學、中醫藥研究所的設立,中醫的各種典籍及資訊亦逐步電子化而得到快速傳播。 </p><p>一般認為<sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="缺少主语或者主语不够具体的语句修正请求"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;谁?&#93;</span></span></a></sup>有经验的老中医醫術較高明,经验对疗效有明显的决定作用。由於中医强调的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%A8%E7%97%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="辨症(页面不存在)">辨症</a>,借用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國哲學">中國哲學</a>中陰陽五行的詞彙來描述,使得经验很难以被了解。而在醫經、本草、醫案、醫話等各類中醫典籍中,均詳細記載了各種方劑、中藥的使用時機、炮製法、使用禁忌、副作用、誤用後的症狀及救治方法等,例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E4%BF%AE%E5%9B%AD" title="陈修园">陳修園</a>在《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E8%BE%B2%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%B6%93%E8%AE%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="神農本草經讀(页面不存在)">神農本草經讀</a>》卷四·<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%9C%E9%88%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="馬兜鈴">馬兜鈴</a>的注解中,提到「今人惑於<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E4%B9%99" class="mw-redirect" title="錢乙">錢乙</a>補肺阿膠散一方,取用(馬兜鈴)以治虛嗽,百服百死」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中醫存廢之爭"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E9.86.AB.E5.AD.98.E5.BB.A2.E4.B9.8B.E7.88.AD"></span>中醫存廢之爭</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=47" title="编辑章节:中醫存廢之爭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E9%99%A4%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="廢除中醫運動">廢除中醫運動</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content ambox-POV-section" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unbalanced_scales.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>此章節的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:中性的观点">中立性</a>有争议。</b><br />加上此模板的編輯者需在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="Talk:中医学">討論頁</a>說明此章節中立性有爭議的原因,以便讓各編輯者討論和改善。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>在中國,对于中醫學是否屬於科学的问题,始終一直争论不休。学术界的争论可追溯到19世纪末,现代医学传到中国之後,一些主張医学现代化的人士,主张<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9F%E9%99%A4%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="废除中医">废除中医</a>,中醫學連帶受到巨大的挑戰。直到今天,中医学是否歸屬於科学、及中醫藥是否有效等,仍倍受主流科学界的質疑。 </p><p>1879年,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9E%E6%A8%BE" title="俞樾">俞樾</a>发表《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%9F%E5%8C%BB%E8%AE%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="废医论(页面不存在)">废医论</a>》最早提出了废除中医中药的主张。在1915年江苏的袁桂生将“废五行说”作为一项提案交神州医药总会讨论,题为《拟废五行生克之提议》<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。据 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060428044842/http://www.med8th.com/">医学捌号楼</a> 称可能是最早的提出废除五行理论的文章。 </p><p>1926年,<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E8%BF%85" class="mw-redirect" title="魯迅">魯迅</a>曾撰《<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/zh/%E7%88%B6%E4%BA%B2%E7%9A%84%E7%97%85">父親的病</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201104130930/https://zh.wikisource.org/zh/%E7%88%B6%E4%BA%B2%E7%9A%84%E7%97%85">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)》一文,批判了中醫存在的一些問題。 </p><p>1929年,国民政府通过了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%99%E9%9B%B2%E5%B2%AB" title="余雲岫">余雲岫</a>提出的《废止旧医以扫除医事卫生事业之障碍案》。但在全國輿論壓力下,國民政府隨後收回成命<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2005年,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="中南大学">中南大学</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%8A%9F%E8%80%80" title="张功耀">张功耀</a>教授在《医学与哲学》杂志上发表了《告别中医中药》。 </p><p>中国官方的说法认为中医学是一门科学。针对中医不科学的说法,荊志伟認為“2005年11月19日国家将中国中医研究院更名为‘<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="中国中医科学院">中国中医科学院</a>’,也是对此等论争的回击。”<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>董建栋认为“在现代<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%92%E7%95%8C%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" class="mw-redirect" title="科学划界标准">科学划界标准</a>下当属于非科学范畴,而与伪科学截然不同”<sup id="cite_ref-浅论中医的科学属性_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-浅论中医的科学属性-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。孫学刚等認為按照<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E4%BC%BD%E5%BE%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="萨伽德(页面不存在)">萨伽德</a>的科学划界标准,亦“不能说中医学是一门科学”<sup id="cite_ref-科学划界与中医_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-科学划界与中医-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>尚有一些人認為,中醫源於古人對人體與自然規律的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%80%A7" title="感性">感性</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%AE%98" title="感官">感官</a>認識,其本質並非狭义的科學(但可以用適當的現代科學方法去研究和發揮部分的中醫理論),但它有超脫科學的一面。而「不是科學」無法否定中醫療法的療效,若據此斷然否定中醫,我們將失去很多可貴的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>資產<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>另一些人,如<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%88%9F%E5%AD%90" title="方舟子">方舟子</a>,認為中醫宣稱的療效也是值得懷疑的<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。因為沒有經過現代醫學所認可的大樣本<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E7%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="雙盲">雙盲</a>實驗數據的支持,無法排除<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%85%B0%E5%8A%91" title="安慰劑">安慰劑</a>和人體自體免疫的影響。並且他指出一些中醫信奉的典籍有較多的荒謬錯誤,以及很多中醫藥方並非來自臨床經驗,而是來自取像比類的巫術思維。<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>当前,许多科普媒体,如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%A3%B3%E7%BD%91" title="果壳网">果壳网</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%A6%99%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F" title="丁香医生">丁香医生</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>等等,以及许多科普作者和部分网民,也对中医持否定立场。如否定中医的理论意义和疗效,或主张废除中医的理论并利用现代科学方法检验与解释中医的某些治疗手法或药物的效果(简称“废医验药”)。 </p><p>2019年,香港歷史學家陳振銘在“由《輔行訣臟腑用藥法要》到香港當代新經學”<sup id="cite_ref-由《輔行訣臟腑用藥法要》到香港當代新經學_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-由《輔行訣臟腑用藥法要》到香港當代新經學-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>指出了陰陽五行的儒家政治哲學來源,還原了《輔行訣臟腑用藥法要》中關於《湯液經法》的內容,而且否定了《黃帝內經》與陰陽五行理論作為中醫基礎理論的地位。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="節日、文化遺產"><span id=".E7.AF.80.E6.97.A5.E3.80.81.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E9.81.BA.E7.94.A2"></span>節日、文化遺產</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=48" title="编辑章节:節日、文化遺產"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1929年在一場<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9F%E9%99%A4%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="废除中医">廢除中醫</a>的嘗試因受到抵制而失敗之後,上海中醫藥界人士為了慶祝這一勝利,把每年3月17日定為「中國國醫節」。這是和中醫學相關的節日。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=49" title="编辑章节:參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal 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id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=50" title="编辑章节:注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“中医”也可以指掌握中医中药学理论知识及技术的医务工作者<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,参见<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%B8%88" title="中医师">中医师</a>。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;section=51" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cihai.com.cn/detail?q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;docId=5643132&amp;docLibId=72">中医学</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20240417083523/https://www.cihai.com.cn/detail?q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;docId=5643132&amp;docLibId=72">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)[M/OL]//<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E8%87%B3%E7%AB%8B" title="陈至立">陈至立</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9E%E6%B5%B7" title="辞海">辞海</a>. 7版. 上海:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="上海辞书出版社">上海辞书出版社</a>,2020[2024].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cihai.com.cn/detail?q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB&amp;docId=5643114&amp;docLibId=72">中医</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20240417083750/https://www.cihai.com.cn/detail?q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB&amp;docId=5643114&amp;docLibId=72">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)[M/OL]//<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E8%87%B3%E7%AB%8B" title="陈至立">陈至立</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9E%E6%B5%B7" title="辞海">辞海</a>. 7版. 上海:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="上海辞书出版社">上海辞书出版社</a>,2020[2024].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-中医药学名词-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-中医药学名词_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF中医药学名词审定委员会2004" class="citation"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="中医">中医</a>药学名词审定委员会, <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="中医">中医</a>药学名词, 北京: 科学出版社, 2005年3月, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7030151542" title="Special:网络书源/7030151542"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;7030151542</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D%E5%AE%A1%E5%AE%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&amp;rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&amp;rft.date=2005-03&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=7030151542&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;year=</code>与<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;date=</code>不匹配 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#date_year_mismatch" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sutian.moe.edu.tw/und-hani/su/10638/">漢醫</a>. 教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2024-01-06</span>&#93;</span>. 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href="//web.archive.org/web/20210604082630/https://sys01.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/cmed/mmid/index.php?page=1&amp;sort=name_cht">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) 香港浸會大學中醫藥學院<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(中文)</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sys02.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/cmfid/index.asp?facet=type_&amp;lang=cht">中藥方劑圖像數據庫 Chinese Medicine Formulae Images Database</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201110223918/https://sys02.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/cmfid/index.asp?facet=type_&amp;lang=cht">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) 香港浸會大學中醫藥學院 (中文, 英文)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sys02.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/cmgame/user.asp?realtime_lang=chi&amp;linkfrom=cmpid">中醫藥趣味練習 Chinese Medicine Game-based Exercise</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210224194539/https://sys02.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/cmgame/user.asp?realtime_lang=chi&amp;linkfrom=cmpid">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) 香港浸會大學中醫藥學院<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(中文)</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cmro.gov.hk/html/b5/utils/hkcmms/search/disclaimer.php">《香港中藥材標準》網上檢索系統 Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards (HKCMMS)</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211208100308/https://www.cmro.gov.hk/html/b5/utils/hkcmms/search/disclaimer.php">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) 中國香港特別行區政府.衛生署.中醫藥規管辦公室<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(中文)</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em 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img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中醫學史" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:中医史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:中医史(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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title="太极拳">太极拳</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">医学文献</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%B1%E6%9C%B4%E5%AD%90" title="抱朴子">抱朴子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%BA%B2%E7%9B%AE" title="本草纲目">本草纲目</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="赤鳳髓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chifeng sui"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%A4%E9%B3%B3%E9%AB%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="赤鳳髓(页面不存在)">赤鳳髓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chifeng_sui" class="extiw" title="en:Chifeng sui"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chifeng sui</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婦人大全良方" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q19800488"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%A6%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8%E8%89%AF%E6%96%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="婦人大全良方(页面不存在)">婦人大全良方</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19800488" class="extiw" title="d:Q19800488"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q19800488</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%86%85%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝内经">黄帝内经</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%A8%9E%E7%B6%93" title="靈樞經">靈樞經</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黃帝內經太素" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q77275015"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D%E5%85%A7%E7%B6%93%E5%A4%AA%E7%B4%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="黃帝內經太素(页面不存在)">黃帝內經太素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77275015" class="extiw" title="d:Q77275015"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q77275015</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="脉书" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maishu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%89%E4%B9%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="脉书(页面不存在)">脉书</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maishu" class="extiw" title="en:Maishu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maishu</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A3%E7%B6%93" title="難經">難經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%B9" title="三因方">三因方</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B7%E5%AF%92%E9%9B%9C%E7%97%85%E8%AB%96" title="傷寒雜病論">伤寒杂病论</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%8C%B1%E8%A6%81%E7%95%A5" title="金匱要略">金匱要略</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%9C%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89%E7%BB%8F" title="神农本草经">神农本草经</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="外科精要" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q77275111"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E7%B2%BE%E8%A6%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="外科精要(页面不存在)">外科精要</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77275111" class="extiw" title="d:Q77275111"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q77275111</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%97%85%E6%96%B9" title="五十二病方">五十二病方</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%87%E6%80%A5%E5%8D%83%E9%87%91%E8%A6%81%E6%96%B9" title="备急千金要方">备急千金要方</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%BF%AE%E6%9C%AC%E8%8D%89" title="新修本草">新修本草</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="药性论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yaoxing lun"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%AF%E6%80%A7%E8%AE%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="药性论(页面不存在)">药性论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaoxing_lun" class="extiw" title="en:Yaoxing lun"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yaoxing lun</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="引书" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yinshu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%95%E4%B9%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="引书(页面不存在)">引书</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yinshu" class="extiw" title="en:Yinshu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yinshu</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E8%84%89%E7%81%B8%E7%BB%8F" title="阴阳十一脉灸经">阴阳十一脉灸经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%AE%E8%86%B3%E6%AD%A3%E8%A6%81" title="饮膳正要">饮膳正要</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E7%BA%82%E9%86%AB%E5%AE%97%E9%87%91%E9%91%91" title="御纂醫宗金鑑">御纂醫宗金鑑</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="針灸大成" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zhenjiu dacheng"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%9D%E7%81%B8%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="針灸大成(页面不存在)">針灸大成</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhenjiu_dacheng" class="extiw" title="en:Zhenjiu dacheng"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zhenjiu dacheng</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E7%97%85%E6%BA%90%E5%80%99%E8%AB%96" title="諸病源候論">诸病源候论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E8%87%82%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E8%84%89%E7%81%B8%E7%BB%8F" title="足臂十一脉灸经">足臂十一脉灸经</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">医师与药学家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%81%E9%B9%8A" title="扁鹊">扁鹊</a>(前401—前310)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E4%BD%97" title="华佗">华佗</a>(140—208)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E4%BB%B2%E6%99%AF" title="張仲景">張仲景</a>(150—219)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E7%94%AB%E8%B0%A7" title="皇甫谧">皇甫谧</a>(215—282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E5%A5%89" title="董奉">董奉</a>(200—280)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%B4%AA" title="葛洪">葛洪</a>(283—343)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E6%80%9D%E9%82%88" title="孙思邈">孙思邈</a>(581—682)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%83%9F%E4%B8%80" title="王惟一">王惟一</a>(987—1067)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E4%B9%99" title="钱乙">钱乙</a>(1032—1113)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%85%8E%E5%BE%AE" title="唐慎微">唐慎微</a>(约1056—1093)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%85%88" title="宋慈">宋慈</a>(1186—1249)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="陳自明" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q45366822"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E8%87%AA%E6%98%8E" class="mw-disambig" title="陈自明">陈自明</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45366822" class="extiw" title="d:Q45366822"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q45366822</span></a></span>)</span></span>(1190—1270)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="危亦林" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wei Yilin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B1%E4%BA%A6%E6%9E%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="危亦林(页面不存在)">危亦林</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_Yilin" class="extiw" title="en:Wei Yilin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wei Yilin</span></a></span>)</span></span>(1277—1347)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%87%E5%85%81%E8%B3%A2" title="談允賢">谈允贤</a>(1461—1554)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%8C%AB%E7%B4%94_(%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="張錫純 (民國)">张锡纯</a>(1860—1933)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%85%B8%E7%B1%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中醫典籍列表">中医典籍列表</a></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="传统医学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:傳統醫學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:傳統醫學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:傳統醫學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="传统医学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="传统医学">传统医学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">東亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">中医学</a>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">漢醫學</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%9D%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="越南東醫學">越南東醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="韓醫學">韓醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%B9%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="日本漢方醫學">日本漢方醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="和方醫學" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="和方医学"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%8C%E6%96%B9%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="和方醫學(页面不存在)">和方醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="ja:和方医学"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">和方医学</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="藏醫學">藏醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="維吾爾族醫學">维醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="蒙醫學">蒙醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B2%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="畲医学">畲医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="傣醫學">傣医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="壮医学">壮医学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="哈医学(页面不存在)">哈医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="瑶医学">瑶医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="苗医学">苗医学</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg/200px-Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg/300px-Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg/400px-Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">南亞和東南亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%B2%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80" title="阿育吠陀">阿育吠陀</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佳木(醫聊)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jamu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%B3%E6%9C%A8(%E9%86%AB%E8%81%8A)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="佳木(醫聊)(页面不存在)">佳木</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamu" class="extiw" title="en:Jamu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jamu</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E9%81%94%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="悉達醫學">悉達醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯里蘭卡傳統醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sri Lankan traditional medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="斯里蘭卡傳統醫學(页面不存在)">斯里蘭卡傳統醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankan_traditional_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Sri Lankan traditional medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sri Lankan traditional medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="泰醫學">泰醫學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD%E8%8D%89%E8%8D%AF" title="泰国草药">泰国草药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%BC%8F%E6%8C%89%E6%91%A9" title="泰式按摩">泰式按摩</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地中海和西亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="古埃及醫學">古埃及醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="古希腊医学">古希臘醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="古羅馬醫學">古羅馬醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波斯醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Iranian medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="波斯醫學(页面不存在)">波斯醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Iranian medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Iranian medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拜占庭醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Byzantine medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="拜占庭醫學(页面不存在)">拜占庭醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Byzantine medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Byzantine medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="民間療法">民間療法</a>(南歐、阿拉伯地區)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="中世纪伊斯兰世界的医学">中世紀伊斯蘭世界醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%82%A3%E5%B0%BC%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="尤那尼医学">尤那尼医学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊波加" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Iboga"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%B3%A2%E5%8A%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="伊波加(页面不存在)">伊波加</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iboga" class="extiw" title="en:Iboga"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Iboga</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="慕提" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muti"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%95%E6%8F%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="慕提(页面不存在)">慕提</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muti" class="extiw" title="en:Muti"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muti</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恩甘加" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nganga"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A9%E7%94%98%E5%8A%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="恩甘加(页面不存在)">恩甘加</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nganga" class="extiw" title="en:Nganga"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nganga</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="傳統豪萨醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Traditional_Hausa_medicine&#93;"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E8%B1%AA%E8%90%A8%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="傳統豪萨醫學(页面不存在)">傳統豪萨醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Traditional_Hausa_medicine]</span>]]</span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="傳統非洲醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Traditional African medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="傳統非洲醫學(页面不存在)">傳統非洲醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_African_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Traditional African medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Traditional African medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南非傳統醫療師" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Traditional healers of South Africa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E5%B8%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="南非傳統醫療師(页面不存在)">南非傳統醫療師</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_healers_of_South_Africa" class="extiw" title="en:Traditional healers of South Africa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Traditional healers of South Africa</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="約魯巴醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yorùbá medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E9%AD%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="約魯巴醫學(页面不存在)">約魯巴醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yor%C3%B9b%C3%A1_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Yorùbá medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yorùbá medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">美洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿茲特克醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aztec medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E8%8C%B2%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿茲特克醫學(页面不存在)">阿茲特克醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Aztec medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aztec medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="库兰德罗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Curandero"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="库兰德罗(页面不存在)">库兰德罗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curandero" class="extiw" title="en:Curandero"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Curandero</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬雅醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maya medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E9%9B%85%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="馬雅醫學(页面不存在)">馬雅醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Maya medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maya medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="醫藥輪" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medicine wheel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E8%97%A5%E8%BC%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="醫藥輪(页面不存在)">醫藥輪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_wheel" class="extiw" title="en:Medicine wheel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medicine wheel</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴西傳統醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brazilian traditional medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西傳統醫學(页面不存在)">巴西傳統醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_traditional_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Brazilian traditional medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brazilian traditional medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">大洋洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="澳大利亚土著药典" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bush medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%9F%E8%91%97%E8%8D%AF%E5%85%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="澳大利亚土著药典(页面不存在)">澳大利亚土著药典</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Bush medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bush medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">普遍</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="替代医学">替代醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="民族醫學">民族醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="替代醫學史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of alternative medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="替代醫學史(页面不存在)">替代醫學史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_alternative_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:History of alternative medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of alternative medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="醫療衛生">醫療衛生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E8%97%A5%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="草藥醫學">草藥醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E6%B6%B2%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="體液學說">體液學說</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E6%B6%B2" title="黏液">黏液</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E6%B6%B2%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="體液學說">黃膽汁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E6%B6%B2%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="體液學說">黑膽汁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2" title="血液">血液</a>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藥用植物保存" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medicinal plant conservation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%A5%E7%94%A8%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E5%AD%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="藥用植物保存(页面不存在)">藥用植物保存</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_plant_conservation" class="extiw" title="en:Medicinal plant conservation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medicinal plant conservation</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀西歐醫學">中世紀西歐醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="自然醫學">自然醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遠古醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prehistoric medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A0%E5%8F%A4%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="遠古醫學(页面不存在)">遠古醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Prehistoric medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prehistoric medicine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A6%A1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="巫覡宗教">巫覡宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%93" title="醫療占星術">醫療占星術</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:传统医学">:分類:傳統醫學</a></b></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中華人民共和國醫療衛生" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F" title="Template:中国卫生"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F" title="Template talk:中国卫生"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中国卫生"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="中華人民共和國醫療衛生" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F" title="中華人民共和國醫療衛生">中華人民共和國醫療衛生</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概况</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="中国大陆人口">人口</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中华人民共和国医疗卫生史(页面不存在)">卫生史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="爱国卫生运动">爱国卫生运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F" title="赤脚医生">赤脚医生</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="中華人民共和國醫療體制改革">医疗体制改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="中国医疗保障">医疗保险</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99" title="中國婦女健康事務">女性健康</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中华人民共和国卫生信息学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Health informatics in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中华人民共和国卫生信息学(页面不存在)">卫生信息学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_informatics_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Health informatics in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Health informatics in China</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BA%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E4%BC%9A" title="中国红十字会">中国红十字会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%A2%84%E9%98%B2%E6%8E%A5%E7%A7%8D" title="中华人民共和国预防接种">预防接种</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%99%E6%8E%92%E6%B0%B4%E7%8E%B0%E7%8A%B6" title="中国给排水现状">供水与卫生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F" title="Template:中国动物卫生">动物卫生</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="制药工程">制药</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中华人民共和国医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medicine in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中华人民共和国医学(页面不存在)">医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Medicine in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medicine in China</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">中医学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中华人民共和国药学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pharmacy in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中华人民共和国药学(页面不存在)">药学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacy_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Pharmacy in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pharmacy in China</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF%E4%B8%9A" title="中华人民共和国制药业">制药业</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中华人民共和国生物技术" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biotechnology industry in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中华人民共和国生物技术(页面不存在)">生物技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology_industry_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Biotechnology industry in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biotechnology industry in China</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E6%A0%A1" title="Category:中国医学院校">医学院校</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E7%AD%89%E7%BA%A7" title="中国医院等级">医院等级</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%BA%A7%E7%94%B2%E7%AD%89%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2" title="三级甲等医院">三级甲等医院</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華人民共和國政府">政府部门</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">內地</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会">国家卫生健康委员会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E8%8D%AF%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="国家中医药管理局">国家中医药管理局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E9%A2%84%E9%98%B2%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%B1%80" title="国家疾病预防控制局">国家疾病预防控制局</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E5%B1%80" title="国家医疗保障局">国家医疗保障局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="国家药品监督管理局">国家药品监督管理局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B3%E6%80%BB%E7%BD%B2" title="中华人民共和国海关总署">海关总署</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%89%E9%83%A8%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E4%BE%A6%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80" title="公安部食品药品犯罪侦查局">公安部食品药品犯罪侦查局</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%BD%B2_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="衞生署 (香港)">香港卫生署</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E5%B1%80_(%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80)" title="衛生局 (澳門)">澳门卫生局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="藥物監督管理局">澳門藥物監督管理局</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="法定傳染病">法定傳染病</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">甲类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%A0%E7%96%AB" title="鼠疫">鼠疫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E4%B9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="霍乱">霍乱</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">乙类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E9%87%8D%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" title="嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症">传染性非典型肺炎</a><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#D22630">█</span></sup><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E9%87%8D%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症疫情">(防治情况)</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85" title="艾滋病">艾滋病</a><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5" title="中国大陆艾滋病情况">(防治情况)</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="肝炎">病毒性肝炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E7%81%B0%E8%B4%A8%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="脊髓灰质炎">脊髓灰质炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BD%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F" title="禽流感">人感染高致病性禽流感</a><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0092BC">█</span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%96%B9" title="麻疹">麻疹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80%E7%86%B1" title="病毒性出血熱">流行性出血热</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%82%E7%8A%AC%E7%97%85" title="狂犬病">狂犬病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E4%B9%99%E5%9E%8B%E8%84%91%E7%82%8E" title="流行性乙型脑炎">流行性乙型脑炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E7%97%9B%E7%86%B1%E7%97%87" title="骨痛熱症">登革热</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E7%96%BD%E7%97%85" title="炭疽病">炭疽病</a><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#D22630">█</span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%A2%E7%96%BE" title="痢疾">细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%BB%93%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="肺结核">肺结核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A4%E5%AF%92" title="伤寒">伤寒</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E5%82%B7%E5%AF%92" title="副傷寒">副傷寒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E%E9%9B%99%E7%90%83%E8%8F%8C%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97" title="腦膜炎雙球菌疫苗">流行性脑脊髓膜炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E6%97%A5%E5%92%B3" title="百日咳">百日咳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%96%89" title="白喉">白喉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E4%BC%A4%E9%A3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="破伤风">新生儿破伤风</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%A9%E7%BA%A2%E7%83%AD" title="猩红热">猩红热</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E6%B0%8F%E8%8F%8C%E7%97%85" title="布魯氏菌病">布魯氏菌病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E7%97%85" title="淋病">淋病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="梅毒">梅毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A4%E7%AB%AF%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94%E7%97%85" title="鉤端螺旋體病">鉤端螺旋體病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E5%90%B8%E8%99%AB%E7%97%85" title="血吸虫病">血吸虫病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%9F%E7%96%BE" title="疟疾">疟疾</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9E%8B%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92H1N1%E4%BA%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="甲型流感病毒H1N1亞型">甲型H1N1流感</a></s><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0092BC">█</span></sup><small><a href="/wiki/2009%E5%B9%B4H1N1%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E5%8F%8A%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="2009年H1N1流感大流行各國疫情及反應">(防治情况)</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9E%8B%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92H7N9%E4%BA%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="甲型流感病毒H7N9亞型">人感染H7N9禽流感</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85" title="2019冠状病毒病">新型冠状病毒感染</a><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0092BC">█</span></sup><small><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="2019冠状病毒病中国大陆疫情">(防治情况)</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B4%E7%97%98" title="猴痘">猴痘</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85%E9%98%B2%E6%B2%BB%E6%B3%95" title="中华人民共和国传染病防治法">传染病防治法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%A8%E5%AE%B3%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85%E9%98%B2%E6%B2%BB%E7%BD%AA" title="妨害传染病防治罪">妨害传染病防治罪</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">健康问题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中华人民共和国的心血管疾病情况" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cardiovascular disease in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中华人民共和国的心血管疾病情况(页面不存在)">心血管疾病情况</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Cardiovascular disease in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cardiovascular disease in China</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E7%97%85" title="中國的慢性病">慢性病情况</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="中华人民共和国环境污染">环境污染问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="中华人民共和国食品安全">食品安全问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%9E%E6%B3%95%E6%AF%92%E5%93%81%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="中国非法毒品贸易">非法毒品贸易问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D" title="中华人民共和国器官移植">器官移植</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国的素食主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vegetarianism in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%A0%E9%A3%9F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中国的素食主义(页面不存在)">素食主义发展</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Vegetarianism in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vegetarianism in China</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%B4%AB%E5%9B%B0%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="中华人民共和国贫困问题">贫困问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="中华人民共和国性交易产业">性服务业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97%E4%B9%B1%E8%B1%A1" title="中国大陆疫苗乱象">疫苗行业乱象</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%B8%E8%8F%B8%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="中國吸菸問題">烟草控制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E9%97%B9" title="医闹">针对医生的暴力</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">研究</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E7%9C%81%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中华人民共和国各省级行政区预期寿命列表">各省区预期寿命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD-%E5%BA%B7%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94-%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="中国-康奈尔-牛津计划">中国-康奈尔-牛津计划</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%91%E5%91%BD%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="救命飲食:中國健康調查報告">中国的研究</a>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国健康与营养调查" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="China Health and Nutrition Survey"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%B8%8E%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中国健康与营养调查(页面不存在)">中国健康与营养调查</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Health_and_Nutrition_Survey" class="extiw" title="en:China Health and Nutrition Survey"><span lang="en" dir="auto">China Health and Nutrition Survey</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E8%BF%BD%E8%B8%AA%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5" title="中国家庭追踪调查">中国家庭追踪调查</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国健康与养老追踪调查" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%BB%E8%80%81%E8%BF%BD%E8%B8%AA%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中国健康与养老追踪调查(页面不存在)">中国健康与养老追踪调查</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Health_and_Retirement_Longitudinal_Study" class="extiw" title="en:China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study"><span lang="en" dir="auto">China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#D22630">█</span></sup>:当前正在采取甲类传染病预防控制措施的法定乙类传染病(炭疽仅限肺炭疽)。<br /><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0092BC">█</span></sup>:曾经采取甲类传染病预防控制措施、现已解除的法定乙类传染病。<s>删除线</s>:已降为丙类的原法定乙类传染病。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" 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