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id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > 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class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-评价" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#评价"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>评价</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-评价-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关作品" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关作品"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>相关作品</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关作品-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他地区的“赤腳醫生”" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他地区的“赤腳醫生”"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>其他地区的“赤腳醫生”</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他地区的“赤腳醫生”-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-扩展阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#扩展阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>扩展阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-扩展阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">赤脚医生</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。15种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9" title="الأطباء الحفاة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأطباء الحفاة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metge_descal%C3%A7" title="Metge descalç – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metge descalç" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barfu%C3%9Farzt" title="Barfußarzt – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Barfußarzt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barefoot_doctor" title="Barefoot doctor – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Barefoot doctor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dico_descalzo" title="Médico descalzo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Médico descalzo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_aux_pieds_nus" title="Médecins aux pieds nus – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médecins aux pieds nus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokter_telanjang_kaki" title="Dokter telanjang kaki – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dokter telanjang kaki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medico_scalzo" title="Medico scalzo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medico scalzo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%B8%E8%B6%B3%E3%81%AE%E5%8C%BB%E8%80%85" title="裸足の医者 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="裸足の医者" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A8%EB%B0%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%98%EC%82%AC" title="맨발의 의사 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="맨발의 의사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barfotleger" title="Barfotleger – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Barfotleger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosonodzy_lekarze" title="Bosonodzy lekarze – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bosonodzy lekarze" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dico_de_p%C3%A9s_descal%C3%A7os" title="Médico de pés descalços – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Médico de pés descalços" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barfotal%C3%A4kare" title="Barfotaläkare – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Barfotaläkare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="หมอเท้าเปล่า – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมอเท้าเปล่า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q527213#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem-scales.svg/40px-Emblem-scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem-scales.svg/60px-Emblem-scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem-scales.svg/80px-Emblem-scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目之<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" title="Wikipedia:中立的观点">中立性</a>有争议</b>。其內容、語調可能<b>帶有明顯的個人觀點或<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">地方色彩</a>。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2021年3月18日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>加上此模板的編輯者需在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F" title="Talk:赤脚医生">討論頁</a>說明此文中立性有爭議的原因，以便讓各編輯者討論和改善。在編輯之前請務必察看讨论页。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_barefoot_doctor_performing_acupuncture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Chinese_barefoot_doctor_performing_acupuncture.jpg/220px-Chinese_barefoot_doctor_performing_acupuncture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Chinese_barefoot_doctor_performing_acupuncture.jpg/330px-Chinese_barefoot_doctor_performing_acupuncture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Chinese_barefoot_doctor_performing_acupuncture.jpg/440px-Chinese_barefoot_doctor_performing_acupuncture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>一个赤脚医生在对一个人进行针灸治疗</figcaption></figure> <p><b>赤脚医生</b>指一般未经正式医疗训练、仍持农业户口、一些情况下“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E5%86%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%8C%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="半农半医（页面不存在）">半农半医</a>”的农村医疗人员，其中一些是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E4%B9%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="上山下乡">上山下乡</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4" title="知识青年">知识青年</a>，一些是村里原有的中医，还有一些是新招的农民。<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>赤脚医生为缓解中国部分农村地区缺医少药的燃眉之急做出了贡献，但其低劣的医疗水平也令不少患者病况恶化甚至死亡。 </p><p>赤脚医生一般有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="中医学">中医</a>基础，但也经过极其基本的现代医学培训，一般（各地培训标准不同）可以<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="接生">接生</a>、<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>注射<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97" title="疫苗">疫苗</a>、<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>指导卫生，<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>并用国家下发的西药诊断和治疗当地常见病。<sup id="cite_ref-mcconnell_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcconnell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在较为偏远的农村，经常是赤脚医生首先带来基础的现代医学知识。<sup id="cite_ref-:4_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>赤脚医生形成了一种（基本缺乏转诊能力的）<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E7%B4%9A%E7%85%A7%E8%AD%B7" title="初級照護">初级照护</a>体系。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1966-01_1966%E5%B9%B4%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%B7%A1%E9%80%BB%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F%E5%9C%A8%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E5%86%9C%E6%9D%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/1966-01_1966%E5%B9%B4%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%B7%A1%E9%80%BB%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F%E5%9C%A8%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E5%86%9C%E6%9D%91.jpg/200px-1966-01_1966%E5%B9%B4%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%B7%A1%E9%80%BB%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F%E5%9C%A8%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E5%86%9C%E6%9D%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/1966-01_1966%E5%B9%B4%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%B7%A1%E9%80%BB%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F%E5%9C%A8%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E5%86%9C%E6%9D%91.jpg/300px-1966-01_1966%E5%B9%B4%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%B7%A1%E9%80%BB%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F%E5%9C%A8%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E5%86%9C%E6%9D%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/1966-01_1966%E5%B9%B4%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%B7%A1%E9%80%BB%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F%E5%9C%A8%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E5%86%9C%E6%9D%91.jpg/400px-1966-01_1966%E5%B9%B4%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%B7%A1%E9%80%BB%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F%E5%9C%A8%E6%B9%98%E8%A5%BF%E5%86%9C%E6%9D%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>1966年湖南省巡逻医疗队在湘西农村</figcaption></figure> <p>赤脚医生最早出现在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B7%83%E8%BF%9B" title="大跃进">大跃进</a>时期。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1965年毛泽东的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%AD%E6%8C%87%E7%A4%BA" title="六二六指示">六二六指示</a>》传达到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国卫生部">卫生部</a>后，卫生部党委决定大力安排城市医务工作人员下乡和培训农村医务工作人员。 </p><p>“赤脚医生”一词最早出现于公众报刊是1968年夏上海《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B1%87%E6%8A%A5_(%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7)" title="文汇报 (上海)">文汇报</a>》文章《從「赤腳醫生」的成長看醫學教育革命的方向》，这是《文汇报》记者对上海川沙縣江鎮公社<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%A1%82%E7%8F%8D" title="王桂珍">王桂珍</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%83%E9%88%BA%E7%A5%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黃鈺祥（页面不存在）">黃鈺祥</a>事跡的调查报告，“赤腳醫生”是当地农民发明的用语。9月14日《人民日报》转载，毛澤東看后批示道：「『赤腳醫生』就是好。」到1975年底，全国赤脚医生人数达150多万。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>1970年代中叶，90%的农村内有赤脚医生服务。<sup id="cite_ref-carrin_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carrin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>从1981年起，国家对于赤脚医生体系的支持随着<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE" title="改革开放">改革开放</a>和私有化快速瓦解。<sup id="cite_ref-:18_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mcconnell_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcconnell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1984年时，仅有4.8%的农村有赤脚医生服务。<sup id="cite_ref-carrin_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carrin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1985年初，衛生部做出決定，停止使用赤腳醫生這一稱呼，原赤腳醫生考核合格的將被認定為鄉村醫生，可以繼續行醫。1月25日，《人民日報》發表《不再使用「赤腳醫生」名稱，鞏固發展鄉村醫生隊伍》，赤脚医生的历史由此正式结束。<sup id="cite_ref-carrin_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carrin-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这一阶段的乡村医生行列虽然以原赤脚医生为主体，但诊疗开始收费。<sup id="cite_ref-watts_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watts-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>根据2004年1月1日起施行的《乡村医生从业管理条例》，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F" title="乡村医生">乡村医生</a>经过相应的注册以及培训考试后，以正式的名义执照开业。根据当时的报道，中国有102万乡村医生，其中近70%的人员为初、高中毕业，近10%的人员为小学毕业。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="评价"><span id=".E8.AF.84.E4.BB.B7"></span>评价</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：评价"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>赤腳醫生是中國衛生史上的一個特殊產物，即鄉村中沒有納入國家編制的非正式醫生。他們掌握有一些衛生知識，可以治療常見病，能為產婦接生，主要任務是降低嬰兒死亡率和根除傳染疾病。赤腳醫生通常來自兩個方面，一是醫學世家，二是高、初中畢業生中略懂醫術病理者，其中有一些是上山下鄉的知識青年。挑選出來後，到縣一級的衛生學校接受短期培訓，結業後即成為赤腳醫生，但沒固定薪金，許多人要赤著腳，荷鋤扶犁耕地種田，赤腳醫生名稱由此而來。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p><p>赤脚医生体系以较低的成本提高了农村的健康指标（传染病、婴儿死亡率），是1978年<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%9C%A8%E5%9B%BE%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80_(1978%E5%B9%B4)" title="阿拉木图宣言 (1978年)">阿拉木图宣言</a>的主要启发。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关作品"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E4.BD.9C.E5.93.81"></span>相关作品</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：相关作品"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1974年6月26日，中国郵電部發行《赤腳醫生》郵票一套4枚。</li> <li>电影《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E8%8B%97" title="春苗">春苗</a>》。</li> <li>电影《红雨》。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他地区的“赤腳醫生”"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.9C.B0.E5.8C.BA.E7.9A.84.E2.80.9C.E8.B5.A4.E8.85.B3.E9.86.AB.E7.94.9F.E2.80.9D"></span>其他地区的“赤腳醫生”</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：其他地区的“赤腳醫生”"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="台灣日治時期">日治時期</a>「臺灣醫術規則」附則規定，臺灣情形特殊，在山間僻遠地區，倘無該規則所規定之資格者，亦得審查其技術，限以地域、期間，而暫准其執行醫務，此即山地及偏遠地區所謂之「限地開業醫規則」，稱之為限地開業醫，簡稱<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%B0%E9%86%AB%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="現地醫師（页面不存在）">限地醫師</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日治初期「限地開業醫」係補充偏遠地區醫師不足之特殊情況，故「放任」教會醫院訓練學徒，但禁止學徒在都市開業，只准在沒有正式醫師執業之鄉村開業，且每三年需重新申報並隨時可由正式醫師取代，而此現地醫師得於偏鄉由未經正式醫療訓練人員充任之情況類似中華人民共和國之赤腳醫生，但更早即存在。1941年又制定「臺灣醫師考試規則」，將限地醫師改稱「乙種醫師」。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%9C%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F%E2%80%9D%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="“赤脚医生”手册">“赤脚医生”手册</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%BC%94" title="介輔">介輔</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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November 2008, <b>372</b> (9651): 1715–6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18930524"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 18930524</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44564705"><span title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID 44564705</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2808%2961351-3"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61351-3</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到English网页">（English）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+China%27s+health-care+system&rft.au=Phillips%2C+MR&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.date=2008-11&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9651&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.pages=1715-6&rft.volume=372&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A44564705&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2808%2961351-3&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18930524&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%AA%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B" title="Category:引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-watts-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-watts_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Watts J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159084">Chen Zhu: from barefoot doctor to China's Minister of Health</a>. Lancet. October 2008, <b>372</b> (9648): 1455. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159084"><span title="公共医学中心">PMC 7159084</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18930519"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 18930519</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2808%2961561-5"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61561-5</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F&rft.atitle=Chen+Zhu%3A+from+barefoot+doctor+to+China%27s+Minister+of+Health&rft.aufirst=J&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.date=2008-10&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9648&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.pages=1455&rft.volume=372&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7159084&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7159084&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2808%2961561-5&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18930519&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lee Y, Kim H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6124148">The Turning Point of China's Rural Public Health during the Cultural Revolution Period: Barefoot Doctors: A Narrative</a>. Iranian Journal of Public Health. July 2018, <b>47</b> (Suppl 1): 1–8. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6124148"><span title="公共医学中心">PMC 6124148</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30186806"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 30186806</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F&rft.atitle=The+Turning+Point+of+China%27s+Rural+Public+Health+during+the+Cultural+Revolution+Period%3A+Barefoot+Doctors%3A+A+Narrative&rft.au=Kim%2C+H&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.date=2018-07&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.jtitle=Iranian+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.pages=1-8&rft.volume=47&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6124148&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6124148&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30186806&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002021942/http://www.tma.tw/ltk/99530710.pdf">臺灣醫界醫事廣場：臺灣醫師制度之沿革</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 中華民國醫師公會全國聯合會. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2010]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tma.tw/ltk/99530710.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2017-10-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B5%A4%E8%84%9A%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F&rft.atitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%86%AB%E7%95%8C%E9%86%AB%E4%BA%8B%E5%BB%A3%E5%A0%B4%EF%BC%9A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%86%AB%E5%B8%AB%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E4%B9%8B%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tma.tw%2Fltk%2F99530710.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="扩展阅读"><span id=".E6.89.A9.E5.B1.95.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>扩展阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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href="//web.archive.org/web/20071229020435/http://www.chinanews.com.cn/n/2003-08-17/26/336266.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）中新网，2003年8月17日。</li> <li>方小平著，董国强、千霖、王宜扬译，《赤脚医生与中国乡村的现代医学》，北京：社会科学文献出版社，2024年 <ul><li>Xiaoping Fang, <i>Barefoot Doctors and Western Medicine in China</i> (New York: University of Rochester Press, 2012)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="中国医疗保障">医疗保险</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99" title="中國婦女健康事務">女性健康</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中华人民共和国卫生信息学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Health informatics in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中华人民共和国卫生信息学（页面不存在）">卫生信息学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_informatics_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Health informatics in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Health informatics in China</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BA%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E4%BC%9A" title="中国红十字会">中国红十字会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%A2%84%E9%98%B2%E6%8E%A5%E7%A7%8D" title="中华人民共和国预防接种">预防接种</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%99%E6%8E%92%E6%B0%B4%E7%8E%B0%E7%8A%B6" title="中国给排水现状">供水与卫生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F" title="Template:中国动物卫生">动物卫生</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="制药工程">制药</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中华人民共和国医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medicine in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中华人民共和国医学（页面不存在）">医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Medicine in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medicine in China</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="中医学">中医学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中华人民共和国药学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pharmacy in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中华人民共和国药学（页面不存在）">药学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacy_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Pharmacy in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pharmacy in China</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF%E4%B8%9A" title="中华人民共和国制药业">制药业</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中华人民共和国生物技术" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biotechnology industry in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中华人民共和国生物技术（页面不存在）">生物技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology_industry_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Biotechnology industry in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biotechnology industry in China</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E6%A0%A1" title="Category:中国医学院校">医学院校</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E7%AD%89%E7%BA%A7" title="中国医院等级">医院等级</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%BA%A7%E7%94%B2%E7%AD%89%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2" title="三级甲等医院">三级甲等医院</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華人民共和國政府">政府部门</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">內地</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会">国家卫生健康委员会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E8%8D%AF%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="国家中医药管理局">国家中医药管理局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E9%A2%84%E9%98%B2%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%B1%80" title="国家疾病预防控制局">国家疾病预防控制局</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E5%B1%80" title="国家医疗保障局">国家医疗保障局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="国家药品监督管理局">国家药品监督管理局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B3%E6%80%BB%E7%BD%B2" title="中华人民共和国海关总署">海关总署</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%89%E9%83%A8%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E4%BE%A6%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80" title="公安部食品药品犯罪侦查局">公安部食品药品犯罪侦查局</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%BD%B2_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="衞生署 (香港)">香港卫生署</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E5%B1%80_(%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80)" title="衛生局 (澳門)">澳门卫生局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="藥物監督管理局">澳門藥物監督管理局</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%82%B3%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="法定傳染病">法定傳染病</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">甲类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%A0%E7%96%AB" title="鼠疫">鼠疫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E4%B9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="霍乱">霍乱</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">乙类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E9%87%8D%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" title="嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症">传染性非典型肺炎</a><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#D22630">█</span></sup><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E9%87%8D%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症疫情">（防治情况）</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85" title="艾滋病">艾滋病</a><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5" title="中国大陆艾滋病情况">（防治情况）</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E7%82%8E" title="肝炎">病毒性肝炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E9%AB%93%E7%81%B0%E8%B4%A8%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="脊髓灰质炎">脊髓灰质炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BD%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F" title="禽流感">人感染高致病性禽流感</a><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0092BC">█</span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%96%B9" title="麻疹">麻疹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80%E7%86%B1" title="病毒性出血熱">流行性出血热</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%82%E7%8A%AC%E7%97%85" title="狂犬病">狂犬病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E4%B9%99%E5%9E%8B%E8%84%91%E7%82%8E" title="流行性乙型脑炎">流行性乙型脑炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E7%97%9B%E7%86%B1%E7%97%87" title="骨痛熱症">登革热</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E7%96%BD%E7%97%85" title="炭疽病">炭疽病</a><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#D22630">█</span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%A2%E7%96%BE" title="痢疾">细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%BB%93%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="肺结核">肺结核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A4%E5%AF%92" title="伤寒">伤寒</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E5%82%B7%E5%AF%92" title="副傷寒">副傷寒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E%E9%9B%99%E7%90%83%E8%8F%8C%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97" title="腦膜炎雙球菌疫苗">流行性脑脊髓膜炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E6%97%A5%E5%92%B3" title="百日咳">百日咳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%96%89" title="白喉">白喉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E4%BC%A4%E9%A3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="破伤风">新生儿破伤风</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%A9%E7%BA%A2%E7%83%AD" title="猩红热">猩红热</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E6%B0%8F%E8%8F%8C%E7%97%85" title="布魯氏菌病">布魯氏菌病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%8B%E7%97%85" title="淋病">淋病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%AF%92" title="梅毒">梅毒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A4%E7%AB%AF%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E9%AB%94%E7%97%85" title="鉤端螺旋體病">鉤端螺旋體病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E5%90%B8%E8%99%AB%E7%97%85" title="血吸虫病">血吸虫病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%9F%E7%96%BE" title="疟疾">疟疾</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9E%8B%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92H1N1%E4%BA%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="甲型流感病毒H1N1亞型">甲型H1N1流感</a></s><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0092BC">█</span></sup><small><a href="/wiki/2009%E5%B9%B4H1N1%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E5%8F%8A%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="2009年H1N1流感大流行各國疫情及反應">（防治情况）</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9E%8B%E6%B5%81%E6%84%9F%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92H7N9%E4%BA%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="甲型流感病毒H7N9亞型">人感染H7N9禽流感</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85" title="2019冠状病毒病">新型冠状病毒感染</a><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0092BC">█</span></sup><small><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="2019冠状病毒病中国大陆疫情">（防治情况）</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B4%E7%97%98" title="猴痘">猴痘</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85%E9%98%B2%E6%B2%BB%E6%B3%95" title="中华人民共和国传染病防治法">传染病防治法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%A8%E5%AE%B3%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85%E9%98%B2%E6%B2%BB%E7%BD%AA" title="妨害传染病防治罪">妨害传染病防治罪</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">健康问题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中华人民共和国的心血管疾病情况" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cardiovascular disease in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中华人民共和国的心血管疾病情况（页面不存在）">心血管疾病情况</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Cardiovascular disease in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cardiovascular disease in China</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E7%97%85" title="中國的慢性病">慢性病情况</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="中华人民共和国环境污染">环境污染问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="中华人民共和国食品安全">食品安全问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%9E%E6%B3%95%E6%AF%92%E5%93%81%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="中国非法毒品贸易">非法毒品贸易问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D" title="中华人民共和国器官移植">器官移植</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国的素食主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vegetarianism in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%A0%E9%A3%9F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国的素食主义（页面不存在）">素食主义发展</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Vegetarianism in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vegetarianism in China</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%B4%AB%E5%9B%B0%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="中华人民共和国贫困问题">贫困问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="中华人民共和国性交易产业">性服务业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E7%96%AB%E8%8B%97%E4%B9%B1%E8%B1%A1" title="中国大陆疫苗乱象">疫苗行业乱象</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%B8%E8%8F%B8%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="中國吸菸問題">烟草控制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E9%97%B9" title="医闹">针对医生的暴力</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">研究</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%84%E7%9C%81%E7%BA%A7%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中华人民共和国各省级行政区预期寿命列表">各省区预期寿命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD-%E5%BA%B7%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94-%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="中国-康奈尔-牛津计划">中国-康奈尔-牛津计划</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%91%E5%91%BD%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="救命飲食:中國健康調查報告">中国的研究</a>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国健康与营养调查" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="China Health and Nutrition Survey"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%B8%8E%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国健康与营养调查（页面不存在）">中国健康与营养调查</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Health_and_Nutrition_Survey" class="extiw" title="en:China Health and Nutrition Survey"><span lang="en" dir="auto">China Health and Nutrition Survey</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E8%BF%BD%E8%B8%AA%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5" title="中国家庭追踪调查">中国家庭追踪调查</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国健康与养老追踪调查" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%BB%E8%80%81%E8%BF%BD%E8%B8%AA%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国健康与养老追踪调查（页面不存在）">中国健康与养老追踪调查</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Health_and_Retirement_Longitudinal_Study" class="extiw" title="en:China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study"><span lang="en" dir="auto">China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#D22630">█</span></sup>：当前正在采取甲类传染病预防控制措施的法定乙类传染病（炭疽仅限肺炭疽）。<br /><sup><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0092BC">█</span></sup>：曾经采取甲类传染病预防控制措施、现已解除的法定乙类传染病。<s>删除线</s>：已降为丙类的原法定乙类传染病。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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