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Also an existentialist philosopher, she had a long-term relationship with Jean-Paul Sartre." data-next-head/><meta name="keywords" content="Last Name: de Beauvoir, First Name: Simone, Occupation/Significance: Literary Critic, Occupation/Significance: Playwright, Death Month/Day: April 14, Occupation/Significance: Journalist, School: Sorbonne, Occupation/Significance: Author, Birth City: Paris, Affiliations: Communist Party, Birth Month/Day: January 9, Death Year: 1986, Birth Country: France, Nationality: French, Occupation/Significance: Screenwriter, Life Events/Experience: Won Awards, Industry/Interest Area: Politics and Government, Group: Women's Rights Activists, Industry/Interest Area: Writing and Publishing, Industry/Interest Area: Education and Academia, Industry/Interest Area: Civil Rights, Birth Year: 1908, Group: Women's History Month, Death Country: France, Death City: Paris, Death Month: 4, Birth Month: 1, Astrological Sign: Capricorn" data-next-head/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" data-next-head/><link href="/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/favicon.3635572.ico" rel="icon" data-next-head/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Biography" data-next-head/><meta name="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/Biography" property="article:publisher" data-next-head/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@biography" data-next-head/><meta property="og:title" content="Simone de Beauvoir - Quotes, Books & Second Sex" data-next-head/><meta property="og:description" content="French writer Simone de Beauvoir laid the foundation for the modern feminist movement. 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De Beauvoir published countless works of fiction and nonfiction during her lengthy career — often with existentialist themes — including 1949’s" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.tags" content="scholars-educators,Famous Scholars & Educators,womens-rights-activists,Womens Rights Activists,philosophers,Philosophers,Biography-US" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.date" content="2023-08-09 15:45:00" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.socialtitle" content="Simone de Beauvoir - Quotes, Books & Second Sex" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.contenttype" content="standard-article" data-next-head/><meta id="m1" name="m1" itemprop="cssSelector " content=".content-hed" data-next-head/><meta id="m2" name="m2" itemprop="cssSelector" content=".content-dek p" data-next-head/><link href="/" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SpeakableSpecification" itemref="m1 m2" data-next-head/><script id="settings" 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type="application/ld+json">[{"@type":"NewsArticle","thumbnailUrl":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/simone-de-beauvoir-9269063-1-402.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=100:*","datePublished":"2014-04-02T10:43:36Z","headline":"Simone de Beauvoir","articleBody":"(1908-1986)Who Was Simone de Beauvoir?When she was 21, Simone de Beauvoir met Jean-Paul Sartre, forming a partnership and romance that would shape both of their lives and philosophical beliefs. De Beauvoir published countless works of fiction and nonfiction during her lengthy career — often with existentialist themes — including 1949’s The Second Sex, which is considered a pioneering work of the modern feminism movement. De Beauvoir also lent her voice to various political causes and traveled the world extensively. She died in Paris in 1986 and was buried with Sartre.Catholic Upbringing and AtheismSimone de Beauvoir was born Simone Lucie-Ernestine-Marie-Bertrand de Beauvoir on January 9, 1908, in Paris, France. The eldest daughter in a bourgeois family, De Beauvoir was raised strictly Catholic. She was sent to convent schools during her youth and was so devoutly religious that she considered becoming a nun. However, at the age of 14, the intellectually curious De Beauvoir had a crisis of faith and declared herself an atheist. She thus dedicated herself to the study of existence, shifting her focus instead to math, literature and philosophy. In 1926, De Beauvoir left home to attend the prestigious Sorbonne, where she studied philosophy and rose to the top of her class. She completed her exams and a thesis on German mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1929. That same year De Beauvoir met another young student, budding existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, with whom she would soon form a lasting bond that would profoundly influence both of their personal and professional lives.Relationship With Sartre and WWIIImpressed by de Beauvoir’s intellect, Sartre had asked to be introduced to her. In a short time, their relationship became romantic but also remained wholly unconventional. De Beauvoir rejected a proposal of marriage from Sartre early on. The two would also never live under the same roof and were both free to pursue other romantic outlets. They remained together until Sartre's death decades later in a relationship that was at times fraught with tension and, according to biographer Carole Seymour-Jones, eventually lost its sexual chemistry.The individual liberties their relationship structure granted the couple allowed de Beauvoir and Sartre to part ways for a time, with each accepting teaching jobs in different parts of France. De Beauvoir taught philosophy and literature throughout the 1930s, but during World War II was dismissed from her post by the Vichy government after the German army occupied Paris in 1940. Meanwhile, Sartre, who was drafted into the French army at the start of the war, was captured in 1940 but released the following year. Both De Beauvoir and Sartre would work for the French Resistance during the remainder of the war, but unable to teach, De Beauvoir soon launched her literary career as well. 'She Came to Stay'De Beauvoir’s first major published work was the 1943 novel She Came to Stay, which used the real-life love triangle between de Beauvoir, Sartre and a student named Olga Kosakiewicz to examine existential ideals, specifically the complexity of relationships and the issue of a person's conscience as related to “the other.” She followed up the next year with the philosophical essay Pyrrhus and Cineas, before returning to fiction with the novels The Blood of Others (1945) and All Men Are Mortal (1946), both of which were centered on her ongoing investigation of existence. During the 1940s, de Beauvoir also wrote the play Who Shall Die? as well as editing and contributing essays to the journal Les Temps Modernes, which she founded with Sartre to serve as the mouthpiece for their ideologies. It was in this monthly review that portions of De Beauvoir’s best-known work, The Second Sex, first came to print. 'The Second Sex'Published in 1949, The Second Sex is De Beauvoir’s nearly 1,000-page critique of patriarchy and the second-rate status granted to women throughout history. Now reckoned as one of the most important and earliest works of feminism, at the time of its publication The Second Sex was received with great controversy, with some critics characterizing the book as pornography and the Vatican placing the work on the church's list of forbidden texts.Four years later, the first English-language edition of The Second Sex was published in the United States, but it is generally considered to be a shadow of the original. In 2009, a far-more-faithful, unedited English volume was published, bolstering de Beauvoir’s already significant reputation as one of the great thinkers of the modern feminist movement.'The Prime of Life'Although The Second Sex established de Beauvoir as one of the most important feminist icons of her era, at times the book has also eclipsed a varied career that included many other works of fiction, travel writing and autobiography, as well as meaningful contributions to philosophy and political activism. Among the most notable of her written works were the Prix Goncourt–winning novel The Mandarins (1954), the travel books America Day by Day (1948) and The Long March (1957) and four autobiographies: Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter (1958), The Prime of Life (1960), Force of Circumstance (1963) and All Said and Done (1972).Not content to rest on the laurels of her literary and intellectual achievements, de Beauvoir used her fame to lend her voice to various political causes as well. She joined Sartre in support of Algeria's and Hungary’s struggles for independence during the 1950s and the student movement in France in the late 1960s, also condemning American foreign policy during the Vietnam War. During the 1970s, de Beauvoir’s work brought her to the forefront of the feminist movement, to which she shared her intellect through lectures and essays as well as by participating in demonstrations for abortion rights and women's equality. 'Old Age' and DeathIn the later stages of her career, de Beauvoir devoted a good deal of her thinking to the investigation of aging and death. Her 1964 work A Very Easy Death details her mother’s passing, Old Age (1970) analyzes the significance and meaning of the elderly in society and Adieux: A Farewell to Sartre (1981), published a year after his death, recalls the last years of her partner’s life. De Beauvoir died in Paris on April 14, 1986, at the age of 78. She shares a grave with Sartre in the Montparnasse Cemetery. QUICK FACTSName: Simone de BeauvoirBirth Year: 1908Birth date: January 9, 1908Birth City: ParisBirth Country: FranceGender: FemaleBest Known For: French writer Simone de Beauvoir laid the foundation for the modern feminist movement. Also an existentialist philosopher, she had a long-term relationship with Jean-Paul Sartre.IndustriesPolitics and GovernmentWriting and PublishingEducation and AcademiaCivil RightsAstrological Sign: CapricornSchoolsSorbonneNacionalitiesFrenchInteresting FactsSimone de Beauvoir shares a grave with her lifelong partner, famed existential philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.Death Year: 1986Death date: April 14, 1986Death City: ParisDeath Country: FranceFact CheckWe strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us!QUOTESOne is not born, but rather becomes, a woman. 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eagam8p1"></span></h1><div class="css-1jkvsvg e1f1sunr6"><p>French writer Simone de Beauvoir laid the foundation for the modern feminist movement. Also an existentialist philosopher, she had a long-term relationship with Jean-Paul Sartre.</p></div><div class="css-dqgtjs e1f1sunr5"><address class="css-rshh1 e1v8cotw2"><time class="css-1mqcmvu e1f1sunr4">Updated: Aug 09, 2023 11:45 AM EDT</time></address></div><div class="no-print css-17mvcka e1f1sunr11"><div data-journey-blur="true" class="content-header-actions css-18jz25a e1f1sunr10"></div></div></div></div></section></header><div data-journey-hide="true" class="css-k008qs et2g3wt0"><div class="standard-container content-container article-container css-1q1kaac et2g3wt3"><div class="content-lead css-1f8o566 et2g3wt5"><div data-journey-blur="true" class="content-lead-image css-sm2oir e17huqc62"><div class="css-96439d e17huqc61"><picture class="css-1oxikel e1i0vlu30"><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/simone-de-beauvoir-9269063-1-402.jpg?resize=1200:*" media="(min-width: 73.75rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/simone-de-beauvoir-9269063-1-402.jpg?resize=1024:*" media="(min-width: 64rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/simone-de-beauvoir-9269063-1-402.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=980:*" media="(min-width: 48rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/simone-de-beauvoir-9269063-1-402.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:*" media="(max-width: 48rem)"/><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/simone-de-beauvoir-9269063-1-402.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:*" alt="simone de beauvoir" title="simone de beauvoir" width="402" height="402" decoding="async" fetchPriority="high" sizes="100vw"/></picture></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-7"><figcaption data-theme-key="photo-credit-figcaption-lead-image" class="css-wgijip e1g9hcy40"><span class="css-qgag6n e1geg53v1">Getty Images</span></figcaption></section></div></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-8"><div class="css-llzlgy e76wunf2"><p class="css-tuokxc e76wunf1"><span class="css-0 e76wunf0">We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back.</span></p></div></section><div data-journey-body="standard-article" class="article-body-content article-body standard-body-content css-138kbxz et2g3wt6"><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="0" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">(1908-1986)</p><h2 data-node-id="1" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Who Was Simone de Beauvoir?</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="2" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">When she was 21, Simone de Beauvoir met <a href="https://www.biography.com/scholars-educators/jean-paul-sartre" rel="nofollow" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/scholars-educators/jean-paul-sartre" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Jean-Paul Sartre" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>, forming a partnership and romance that would shape both of their lives and philosophical beliefs. De Beauvoir published countless works of fiction and nonfiction during her lengthy career — often with existentialist themes — including 1949’s <em>The Second Sex</em>, which is considered a pioneering work of the modern feminism movement. De Beauvoir also lent her voice to various political causes and traveled the world extensively. She died in Paris in 1986 and was buried with Sartre.</p><h2 data-node-id="3" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Catholic Upbringing and Atheism</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="4" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Simone de Beauvoir was born Simone Lucie-Ernestine-Marie-Bertrand de Beauvoir on January 9, 1908, in Paris, France. The eldest daughter in a bourgeois family, De Beauvoir was raised strictly Catholic. She was sent to convent schools during her youth and was so devoutly religious that she considered becoming a nun. However, at the age of 14, the intellectually curious De Beauvoir had a crisis of faith and declared herself an atheist. She thus dedicated herself to the study of existence, shifting her focus instead to math, literature and philosophy. </p><section data-embed="watch-next" data-lazy-id="P0-9" data-node-id="5" class="embed"></section><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="6" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">In 1926, De Beauvoir left home to attend the prestigious Sorbonne, where she studied philosophy and rose to the top of her class. She completed her exams and a thesis on German mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1929. That same year De Beauvoir met another young student, budding existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, with whom she would soon form a lasting bond that would profoundly influence both of their personal and professional lives.</p><h2 data-node-id="7" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">Relationship With Sartre and WWII</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="8" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Impressed by de Beauvoir’s intellect, Sartre had asked to be introduced to her. In a short time, their relationship became romantic but also remained wholly unconventional. De Beauvoir rejected a proposal of marriage from Sartre early on. The two would also never live under the same roof and were both free to pursue other romantic outlets. They remained together until Sartre's death decades later in a relationship that was at times fraught with tension and, according to biographer Carole Seymour-Jones, eventually lost its sexual chemistry.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="9" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">The individual liberties their relationship structure granted the couple allowed de Beauvoir and Sartre to part ways for a time, with each accepting teaching jobs in different parts of France. De Beauvoir taught philosophy and literature throughout the 1930s, but during World War II was dismissed from her post by the Vichy government after the German army occupied Paris in 1940. Meanwhile, Sartre, who was drafted into the French army at the start of the war, was captured in 1940 but released the following year. Both De Beauvoir and Sartre would work for the French Resistance during the remainder of the war, but unable to teach, De Beauvoir soon launched her literary career as well. </p><h2 data-node-id="10" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">'She Came to Stay'</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="11" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">De Beauvoir’s first major published work was the 1943 novel <em>She Came to Stay</em>, which used the real-life love triangle between de Beauvoir, Sartre and a student named Olga Kosakiewicz to examine existential ideals, specifically the complexity of relationships and the issue of a person's conscience as related to “the other.” She followed up the next year with the philosophical essay <em>Pyrrhus and Cineas</em>, before returning to fiction with the novels <em>The Blood of Others</em> (1945) and <em>All</em> <em>Men Are Mortal </em>(1946), both of which were centered on her ongoing investigation of existence. </p><div data-ad-exclude="(min-width: 90rem)" data-embed="embed-product" data-node-id="12" size="large" class="size-large align-center embed css-5ha4y4 e1ydkxnk0"><div id="product-7f4153a4-6cbc-42c0-b342-199450a28200" data-anchor-id="product-7f4153a4-6cbc-42c0-b342-199450a28200" class="css-17pp2fn e1ydkxnk1"></div><div size="large" class="size-large align-center css-60ezry ebgq4gw4"><div class="top css-hep5d8 ebgq4gw2"><h2 class="css-bu1iyf e1bddzxd0">She Came to Stay</h2></div><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0393318842?tag=bio-auto-20" aria-label="$18 at Amazon for She Came to Stay" data-href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0393318842" data-product-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0393318842" data-affiliate="true" data-affiliate-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0393318842?tag=bio-auto-20" data-affiliate-network="{"afflink_redirect":"/_p/afflink/c3La/amazon-she-came-to-stay","site_id":"73ce8f33-abd8-4d76-b5c7-1c72caf717ce","network":{"name":"Amazon"},"metadata":{"links":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/dp/0393318842?tag=bio-auto-20"}}}" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="$18 at Amazon" data-vars-ga-media-role data-vars-ga-media-type="Single Product Embed" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0393318842" data-vars-ga-product-brand="W. 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W. Norton & Company" data-vars-ga-product-id="7f4153a4-6cbc-42c0-b342-199450a28200" data-vars-ga-product-price="$17.62" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="4dbdae77-efc7-4580-8d27-724ac9b472fc" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-brand="W. W. Norton & Company" data-vars-ga-gallery-id data-vars-ga-link-treatment="(not set) | (not set)" data-vars-ga-sku="0393318842" data-vars-ga-magento-tracking="1" role="button" data-ab-label="ProdClick" class="product-btn-link e1b8bpvs0 css-tv3abj e1c1bym14">$18 at Amazon</a></div></div></div></div><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="13" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">During the 1940s, de Beauvoir also wrote the play <em>Who Shall Die? </em>as well as editing and contributing essays to the journal <em>Les Temps Modernes</em>, which she founded with Sartre to serve as the mouthpiece for their ideologies. It was in this monthly review that portions of De Beauvoir’s best-known work, <em>The Second Sex</em>, first came to print. </p><h2 data-node-id="14" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">'The Second Sex'</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="15" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Published in 1949, <em>The Second Sex</em> is De Beauvoir’s nearly 1,000-page critique of patriarchy and the second-rate status granted to women throughout history. Now reckoned as one of the most important and earliest works of feminism, at the time of its publication <em>The Second Sex</em> was received with great controversy, with some critics characterizing the book as pornography and the Vatican placing the work on the church's list of forbidden texts.</p><div data-ad-exclude="(min-width: 90rem)" data-embed="embed-product" data-node-id="16" size="large" class="size-large align-center embed css-5ha4y4 e1ydkxnk0"><div id="product-12c2c017-f1ac-4b4a-80a3-7f8636449212" data-anchor-id="product-12c2c017-f1ac-4b4a-80a3-7f8636449212" class="css-17pp2fn e1ydkxnk1"></div><div size="large" class="size-large align-center css-60ezry ebgq4gw4"><div class="top css-hep5d8 ebgq4gw2"><h2 class="css-bu1iyf e1bddzxd0">The Second Sex</h2></div><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/030727778X?tag=bio-auto-20" aria-label="$17 at Amazon for The Second Sex" data-href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/030727778X" data-product-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/030727778X" data-affiliate="true" data-affiliate-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/030727778X?tag=bio-auto-20" data-affiliate-network="{"afflink_redirect":"/_p/afflink/c3Lh/amazon-the-second-sex","site_id":"73ce8f33-abd8-4d76-b5c7-1c72caf717ce","network":{"name":"Amazon"},"metadata":{"links":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/dp/030727778X?tag=bio-auto-20"}}}" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="$17 at Amazon" data-vars-ga-media-role data-vars-ga-media-type="Single Product Embed" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.amazon.com/dp/030727778X" data-vars-ga-product-brand="Vintage" data-vars-ga-product-id="12c2c017-f1ac-4b4a-80a3-7f8636449212" data-vars-ga-product-price="$16.85" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="10352d24-1bf0-4567-9948-c279de2ec86b" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-brand="Vintage" data-vars-ga-link-treatment="sale | On Sale" data-vars-ga-sku="030727778X" data-vars-ga-magento-tracking="1" class="product-image-link ebgq4gw0 e1b8bpvs0 css-g6od0w e1c1bym14"><div class="css-1vj5tzq e467n7m1"><div data-optimizely="product-image-container" class="css-1pc0key e467n7m0"><div class="css-1obtinq emvwxws0"><img src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/images/badges/on-sale.a1a1608.svg" alt="On Sale" title="On Sale" width="540" height="540" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><img srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1709662968-the-second-sex-65e762ef009c1.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1709662968-the-second-sex-65e762ef009c1.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w" alt="The Second Sex" title="The Second Sex" src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1709662968-the-second-sex-65e762ef009c1.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=980:*" width="1000" height="1000" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div></div></a><div size="large" class="css-uqqpoh ebgq4gw1"><div class="css-9g9sca e1uq555e0">Now 16% Off</div><div size="large" class="size-large css-5xcxp5 e1nsrss01"><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/030727778X?tag=bio-auto-20" aria-label="$17 at Amazon for The Second Sex" data-href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/030727778X" data-product-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/030727778X" data-affiliate="true" data-affiliate-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/030727778X?tag=bio-auto-20" data-affiliate-network="{"afflink_redirect":"/_p/afflink/c3Lh/amazon-the-second-sex","site_id":"73ce8f33-abd8-4d76-b5c7-1c72caf717ce","network":{"name":"Amazon"},"metadata":{"links":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/dp/030727778X?tag=bio-auto-20"}}}" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="$17 at Amazon" data-vars-ga-media-type="Single Product Embed" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.amazon.com/dp/030727778X" data-vars-ga-product-brand="Vintage" data-vars-ga-product-id="12c2c017-f1ac-4b4a-80a3-7f8636449212" data-vars-ga-product-price="$16.85" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="10352d24-1bf0-4567-9948-c279de2ec86b" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-brand="Vintage" data-vars-ga-gallery-id data-vars-ga-link-treatment="sale | On Sale" data-vars-ga-sku="030727778X" data-vars-ga-magento-tracking="1" role="button" data-ab-label="ProdClick" class="product-btn-link e1b8bpvs0 css-tv3abj e1c1bym14">$17 at Amazon</a></div></div></div></div><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="17" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Four years later, the first English-language edition of <em>The Second Sex </em>was published in the United States, but it is generally considered to be a shadow of the original. In 2009, a far-more-faithful, unedited English volume was published, bolstering de Beauvoir’s already significant reputation as one of the great thinkers of the modern feminist movement.</p><h2 data-node-id="18" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">'The Prime of Life'</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="19" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Although <em>The Second Sex </em>established de Beauvoir as one of the most important feminist icons of her era, at times the book has also eclipsed a varied career that included many other works of fiction, travel writing and autobiography, as well as meaningful contributions to philosophy and political activism. Among the most notable of her written works were the Prix Goncourt–winning novel <em>The Mandarins</em> (1954), the travel books <em>America Day by Day</em> (1948) and <em>The Long March</em> (1957) and four autobiographies: <em>Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter</em> (1958), <em>The Prime of Life</em> (1960), <em>Force of Circumstance </em>(1963) and <em>All Said and Done </em>(1972).</p><div data-ad-exclude="(min-width: 90rem)" data-embed="embed-product" data-node-id="20" size="large" class="size-large align-center embed css-5ha4y4 e1ydkxnk0"><div id="product-e69785b1-4579-400f-8d79-9d9ed7aa7f5f" data-anchor-id="product-e69785b1-4579-400f-8d79-9d9ed7aa7f5f" class="css-17pp2fn e1ydkxnk1"></div><div size="large" class="size-large align-center css-60ezry ebgq4gw4"><div class="top css-hep5d8 ebgq4gw2"><h2 class="css-bu1iyf e1bddzxd0">Hard Times: Force of Circumstance, Volume II: 1952-1962 (The Autobiography of Simone de Beauvoir)</h2></div><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" 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https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1709663010-hard-times-force-of-circumstance-volume-ii-1952-1962-the-autobiography-of-simone-de-beauvoir-65e763128f544.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w" alt="Hard Times: Force of Circumstance, Volume II: 1952-1962 (The Autobiography of Simone de Beauvoir)" title="Hard Times: Force of Circumstance, Volume II: 1952-1962 (The Autobiography of Simone de Beauvoir)" src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1709663010-hard-times-force-of-circumstance-volume-ii-1952-1962-the-autobiography-of-simone-de-beauvoir-65e763128f544.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=980:*" width="1000" height="1000" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div></div></a><div size="large" class="css-uqqpoh ebgq4gw1"><div class="css-9g9sca e1uq555e0">Now 28% Off</div><div size="large" class="size-large css-5xcxp5 e1nsrss01"><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1569249555?tag=bio-auto-20" aria-label="$18 at Amazon for Hard Times: Force of Circumstance, Volume II: 1952-1962 (The Autobiography of Simone de Beauvoir)" data-href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1569249555" data-product-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1569249555" data-affiliate="true" data-affiliate-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1569249555?tag=bio-auto-20" data-affiliate-network="{"afflink_redirect":"/_p/afflink/c3MF/amazon-hard-times-force-of-circumstance","site_id":"73ce8f33-abd8-4d76-b5c7-1c72caf717ce","network":{"name":"Amazon"},"metadata":{"links":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/dp/1569249555?tag=bio-auto-20"}}}" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="$18 at Amazon" data-vars-ga-media-type="Single Product Embed" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1569249555" data-vars-ga-product-brand="Da Capo Press" data-vars-ga-product-id="e69785b1-4579-400f-8d79-9d9ed7aa7f5f" data-vars-ga-product-price="$17.98" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="53d6616a-c833-464e-822f-2046db510775" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-brand="Da Capo Press" data-vars-ga-gallery-id data-vars-ga-link-treatment="sale | On Sale" data-vars-ga-sku="1569249555" data-vars-ga-magento-tracking="1" role="button" data-ab-label="ProdClick" class="product-btn-link e1b8bpvs0 css-tv3abj e1c1bym14">$18 at Amazon</a></div></div></div></div><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="21" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Not content to rest on the laurels of her literary and intellectual achievements, de Beauvoir used her fame to lend her voice to various political causes as well. She joined Sartre in support of Algeria's and Hungary’s struggles for independence during the 1950s and the student movement in France in the late 1960s, also condemning American foreign policy during the Vietnam War. During the 1970s, de Beauvoir’s work brought her to the forefront of the feminist movement, to which she shared her intellect through lectures and essays as well as by participating in demonstrations for abortion rights and women's equality. </p><h2 data-node-id="22" class="css-1k4xijy emevuu60">'Old Age' and Death</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="23" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">In the later stages of her career, de Beauvoir devoted a good deal of her thinking to the investigation of aging and death. Her 1964 work <em>A Very Easy Death</em> details her mother’s passing, <em>Old Age </em>(1970) analyzes the significance and meaning of the elderly in society and <em>Adieux: A Farewell to Sartre</em> (1981), published a year after his death, recalls the last years of her partner’s life. </p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="24" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">De Beauvoir died in Paris on April 14, 1986, at the age of 78. She shares a grave with Sartre in the Montparnasse Cemetery. </p><hr data-node-id="25" class="css-18pb4rg emevuu60"/><h1 data-node-id="26">QUICK FACTS</h1><ul data-node-id="27" class="css-9b1pbo emevuu60"><li>Name: Simone de Beauvoir</li><li>Birth Year: 1908</li><li>Birth date: January 9, 1908</li><li>Birth City: Paris</li><li>Birth Country: France</li><li>Gender: Female</li><li>Best Known For: French writer Simone de Beauvoir laid the foundation for the modern feminist movement. Also an existentialist philosopher, she had a long-term relationship with Jean-Paul Sartre.</li><li>Industries</li><ul class="css-9b1pbo emevuu60"><li>Politics and Government</li><li>Writing and Publishing</li><li>Education and Academia</li><li>Civil Rights</li></ul><li>Astrological Sign: Capricorn</li><li>Schools</li><ul class="css-9b1pbo emevuu60"><li>Sorbonne</li></ul><li>Nacionalities</li><ul class="css-9b1pbo emevuu60"><li>French</li></ul><li>Interesting Facts</li><ul class="css-9b1pbo emevuu60"><li>Simone de Beauvoir shares a grave with her lifelong partner, famed existential philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.</li></ul><li>Death Year: 1986</li><li>Death date: April 14, 1986</li><li>Death City: Paris</li><li>Death Country: France</li></ul><h1 data-node-id="28">Fact Check</h1><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="29" class="body-tip css-jda1k3 emevuu60">We strive for accuracy and fairness. 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