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<span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Original_sin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_sin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Original sin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_sin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filioque_clause" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filioque_clause"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Filioque clause</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filioque_clause-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_of_Easter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_of_Easter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Date of Easter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_of_Easter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lack_of_essence–energies_distinction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lack_of_essence–energies_distinction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Lack of essence–energies distinction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lack_of_essence–energies_distinction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_denominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_denominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Western denominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_denominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Major figures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_figures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major figures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bishop_of_Rome_or_the_pope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bishop_of_Rome_or_the_pope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Bishop of Rome or the pope</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bishop_of_Rome_or_the_pope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Reformers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Reformers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>The Reformers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Reformers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archbishop_of_Canterbury_and_primate_of_all_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archbishop_of_Canterbury_and_primate_of_all_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Archbishop of Canterbury and primate of all England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archbishop_of_Canterbury_and_primate_of_all_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archbishop_of_Lyon_and_primate_of_the_Gauls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archbishop_of_Lyon_and_primate_of_the_Gauls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Archbishop of Lyon and primate of the Gauls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archbishop_of_Lyon_and_primate_of_the_Gauls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patriarch_of_Aquileia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patriarch_of_Aquileia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Patriarch of Aquileia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patriarch_of_Aquileia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Christianity</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مسيحية غربية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسيحية غربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99rb_xristianl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Qərb xristianlığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qərb xristianlığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="পশ্চিমা খ্রিস্টধর্ম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পশ্চিমা খ্রিস্টধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5_%D1%85%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Заходняе хрысціянства – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заходняе хрысціянства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%86%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Западнохристиянски църкви – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Западнохристиянски църкви" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianisme_occidental" title="Cristianisme occidental – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cristianisme occidental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_k%C5%99es%C5%A5anstv%C3%AD" title="Západní křesťanství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západní křesťanství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestkirken" title="Vestkirken – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vestkirken" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westliches_Christentum" title="Westliches Christentum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Westliches Christentum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Δυτικός Χριστιανισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυτικός Χριστιανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiandad_occidental" title="Cristiandad occidental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cristiandad occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcidenta_Kristanismo" title="Okcidenta Kristanismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Okcidenta Kristanismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="مسیحیت غربی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسیحیت غربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occident_chr%C3%A9tien" title="Occident chrétien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Occident chrétien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westersk_kristendom" title="Westersk kristendom – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Westersk kristendom" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%B0%A9_%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="서방 기독교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서방 기독교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekristenan_Barat" title="Kekristenan Barat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekristenan Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brancas_occidental_del_Christianitate" title="Brancas occidental del Christianitate – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Brancas occidental del Christianitate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesturkirkjan" title="Vesturkirkjan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vesturkirkjan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianesimo_occidentale" title="Cristianesimo occidentale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cristianesimo occidentale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanisa_la_Magharibi" title="Kanisa la Magharibi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kanisa la Magharibi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianitas_Occidentalis" title="Christianitas Occidentalis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Christianitas Occidentalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietumu_kristiet%C4%ABba" title="Rietumu kristietība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rietumu kristietība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianisme_ueste" title="Cristianisme ueste – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cristianisme ueste" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyugati_kereszt%C3%A9nys%C3%A9g" title="Nyugati kereszténység – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyugati kereszténység" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianisma_Tandrefana" title="Kristianisma Tandrefana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kristianisma Tandrefana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="പാശ്ചാത്യ ക്രിസ്തുമതം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാശ്ചാത്യ ക്രിസ്തുമതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="مسيحيه غربيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مسيحيه غربيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian_Barat" title="Kristian Barat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kristian Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westers_christendom" title="Westers christendom – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Westers christendom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="西方教会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西方教会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="مغربی مسیحیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مغربی مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismo_ocidental" title="Cristianismo ocidental – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cristianismo ocidental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cre%C8%99tinism_occidental" title="Creștinism occidental – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Creștinism occidental" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Западное христианство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западное христианство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8" title="බටහිර ක්‍රිස්තියානි ආගම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බටහිර ක්‍රිස්තියානි ආගම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Western Christianity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahodno_kr%C5%A1%C4%8Danstvo" title="Zahodno krščanstvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zahodno krščanstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Западно хришћанство – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Западно хришћанство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadno_hri%C5%A1%C4%87anstvo" title="Zapadno hrišćanstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zapadno hrišćanstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4ntinen_kristikunta" title="Läntinen kristikunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Läntinen kristikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4stlig_kristendom" title="Västlig kristendom – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Västlig kristendom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristiyanismong_Kanluranin" title="Kristiyanismong Kanluranin – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kristiyanismong Kanluranin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மேற்கத்திய கிறித்தவம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேற்கத்திய கிறித்தவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81" title="ศาสนาคริสต์ตะวันตก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศาสนาคริสต์ตะวันตก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Hristiyanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Batı Hristiyanlığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batı Hristiyanlığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Західне християнство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західне християнство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="مغربی مسیحیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغربی مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%C3%B4_gi%C3%A1o_T%C3%A2y_ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Kitô giáo Tây phương – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kitô giáo Tây phương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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searchaux" style="display:none">Religious category of the Latin Church, Protestantism, and their derivatives</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #efefef">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #efefef"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Principal symbol of Christianity"><img alt="Principal symbol of Christianity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/100px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></li><li>Foundations</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="God the Father (Christianity)">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">(full list)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Nicene</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Sedevacantism</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Free Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian [Hussite]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United Protestant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational Christianity</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_Church_of_God_International" title="Members Church of God International">Members Church of God International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">The New Church (Swedenborgian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unitarian,_Universalist,_and_Unitarian_Universalist_churches" title="List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist churches">Unitarians and Universalists</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">Sermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian cross"><img alt="Christian cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenbeigh_St._James%27_Church_Nave_Triple_Window_Agnus_Dei_2012_09_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Glenbeigh_St._James%27_Church_Nave_Triple_Window_Agnus_Dei_2012_09_09.jpg/220px-Glenbeigh_St._James%27_Church_Nave_Triple_Window_Agnus_Dei_2012_09_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Glenbeigh_St._James%27_Church_Nave_Triple_Window_Agnus_Dei_2012_09_09.jpg/330px-Glenbeigh_St._James%27_Church_Nave_Triple_Window_Agnus_Dei_2012_09_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Glenbeigh_St._James%27_Church_Nave_Triple_Window_Agnus_Dei_2012_09_09.jpg/440px-Glenbeigh_St._James%27_Church_Nave_Triple_Window_Agnus_Dei_2012_09_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> represented as the Lamb of God (<i><a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a></i>), a common practice in Western Christianity<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg/250px-Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg/375px-Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg/500px-Petersdom_von_Engelsburg_gesehen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>, the largest church building in the world today<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_Article_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_Article-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BranchesofChristianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/BranchesofChristianity.svg/440px-BranchesofChristianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/BranchesofChristianity.svg/660px-BranchesofChristianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/BranchesofChristianity.svg/880px-BranchesofChristianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="249" /></a><figcaption>Timeline of the evolution of the church, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christianity</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Western Christianity</b> is one of two subdivisions of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a> being the other). Western Christianity is composed of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Western Protestantism</a>, together with their offshoots such as the <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationism</a>. </p><p>The large majority of the world's 2.3 billion Christians are Western Christians (about 2 billion: 1.2 billion Latin Catholic and 1.17 billion Protestant).<sup id="cite_ref-gordonconwell.edu_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gordonconwell.edu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One major component, the Latin Church, developed under the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Rome">bishop of Rome</a>. Out of the Latin Church emerged a wide variety of independent <a href="/wiki/Protestant_denominations" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant denominations">Protestant denominations</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>, starting from the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> in the 16th century, as did Independent Catholicism in the 19th century. Thus, the term "Western Christianity" does not describe a single <a href="/wiki/Communion_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communion (Christian)">communion</a> or <a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">religious denomination</a> but is applied to distinguish all these denominations collectively from Eastern Christianity. </p><p>The establishment of the distinct Latin Church, a <a href="/wiki/Particular_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Particular church">particular church</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, coincided with the consolidation of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, which claimed <a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">primacy</a> since Antiquity. The Latin Church is distinct from the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>, also in <a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">full communion</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> in <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Rome</a>, and from the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a>, which are not in communion with Rome. These other churches are part of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>. The terms "Western" and "Eastern" in this regard originated with geographical divisions mirroring the cultural divide between the <a href="/wiki/Greek_East_and_Latin_West" title="Greek East and Latin West">Hellenistic East and Latin West</a> and the political divide between the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman empires</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, adherents of the Latin Church, irrespective of ethnicity, commonly referred to themselves as "Latins" to distinguish themselves from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Christians">Eastern Christians</a> ("Greeks").<sup id="cite_ref-Orbilat_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orbilat-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Western Christianity has <a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">played a prominent role</a> in the shaping of <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western civilization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PerryChase2012_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PerryChase2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caltron_J.H_Hayas_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caltron_J.H_Hayas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Orlandis_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orlandis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the expansion of <a href="/wiki/European_colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="European colonialism">European colonialism</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern era">Early Modern era</a>, the Latin Church, in time along with its Protestant secessions, spread throughout the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, much of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>, pockets of <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, and throughout <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. Thus, when used for historical periods after the 16th century, the term "Western Christianity" does not refer to a particular geographical area but is used as a collective term for all these. </p><p>Today, the geographical distinction between Western and Eastern Christianity is not nearly as absolute as in Antiquity or the Middle Ages, due to the spread of <a href="/wiki/Christian_missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian missionaries">Christian missionaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">migrations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Globalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Globalisation">globalisation</a>. As such, the adjectives "Western Christianity" and "Eastern Christianity" are typically used to refer to historical origins and differences in <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">theology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">liturgy</a> rather than present geographical locations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>While the Latin Church maintains the use of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgical rites</a>, Protestant denominations and Independent Catholicism use various liturgical practices. </p><p>The earliest concept of Europe as a cultural sphere (instead of simply a geographic term) appeared during the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Renaissance" title="Carolingian Renaissance">Carolingian Renaissance</a> of the 9th century, which included territories that practiced Western Christianity at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Western Christianity">History of Western Christianity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustav_Vasa_Bible_1541.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Gustav_Vasa_Bible_1541.jpg/170px-Gustav_Vasa_Bible_1541.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Gustav_Vasa_Bible_1541.jpg/255px-Gustav_Vasa_Bible_1541.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Gustav_Vasa_Bible_1541.jpg 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Title page of the Lutheran Swedish <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vasa_Bible" title="Gustav Vasa Bible">Gustav Vasa Bible</a>, translated by the Petri brothers, along with <a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Andreae" title="Laurentius Andreae">Laurentius Andreae</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesuites_en_chine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jesuites_en_chine.jpg/220px-Jesuites_en_chine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jesuites_en_chine.jpg/330px-Jesuites_en_chine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jesuites_en_chine.jpg/440px-Jesuites_en_chine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_China_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit China missions">Jesuit</a> scholars in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. Top: <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci">Matteo Ricci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Schall_von_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Schall von Bell">Adam Schaal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Verbiest" title="Ferdinand Verbiest">Ferdinand Verbiest</a> (1623–88); Bottom: <a href="/wiki/Xu_Guangqi" title="Xu Guangqi">Paul Siu (Xu Guangqi)</a>, <i>Colao</i> or Prime Minister of State, and his granddaughter Candide Hiu</figcaption></figure> <p>For much of its history, the Christian church has been <a href="/wiki/Greek_East_and_Latin_West" title="Greek East and Latin West">culturally divided</a> between the Latin-speaking West, whose centre was <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, and the Greek-speaking East, whose centre was <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. Cultural differences and political rivalry created tensions between the two churches, leading to disagreement over <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_%E2%80%93_Roman_Catholic_theological_differences" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox – Roman Catholic theological differences">doctrine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_%E2%80%93_Roman_Catholic_ecclesiastical_differences" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox – Roman Catholic ecclesiastical differences">ecclesiology</a> and ultimately to <a href="/wiki/East-West_schism" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West schism">schism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-west_christ_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-west_christ-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>, Western Christianity traces its roots directly to the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">apostles</a> and other early preachers of the religion. In Western Christianity's original area, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> was the principal language. Christian writers in Latin had more influence there than those who wrote in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>, or other languages. Although the first Christians in the West used Greek (such as <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a>), by the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_4th_century" title="Christianity in the 4th century">fourth century</a> Latin had superseded it even in the cosmopolitan city of <a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity#Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">Rome</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity#Southern_Gaul" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">southern Gaul</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity#Carthage" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">Roman province of Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is evidence of a Latin translation of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> as early as the 2nd century (see also <a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a>). </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Decline_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Decline of the Roman Empire">decline of the Roman Empire</a>, distinctions appeared also in organization, since the bishops in the West were not dependent on the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Emperor in Constantinople</a> and did not come under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Caesaropapism#Caesaropapism_in_the_Eastern_Church" title="Caesaropapism">Caesaropapism in the Eastern Church</a>. While the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">see of Constantinople</a> became dominant throughout the Emperor's lands, the West looked exclusively to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">see of Rome</a>, which in the East was seen as that of one of the five <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarchs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pentarchy_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentarchy (Christianity)">Pentarchy</a>, "the proposed government of universal <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a> by five <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarchal</a> sees under the auspices of a single universal empire. Formulated in the legislation of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> (527–565), especially in his <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis#Novellae" title="Corpus Juris Civilis">Novella</a> 131, the theory received formal ecclesiastical sanction at the <a href="/wiki/Quinisext_Council" title="Quinisext Council">Council in Trullo</a> (692), which ranked the five sees as Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the centuries, disagreements separated Western Christianity from the various forms of Eastern Christianity: first from <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">East Syriac Christianity</a> after the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Ephesus" class="mw-redirect" title="First Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus (431)</a>, then from that of <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> (451), and then from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> with the <a href="/wiki/East-West_Schism" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West Schism">East-West Schism</a> of 1054. With the last-named form of Eastern Christianity, reunion agreements were signed at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyon" title="Second Council of Lyon">Second Council of Lyon</a> (1274) and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Council of Florence</a> (1439), but these proved ineffective. </p><p>Historian Paul Legutko of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> said the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> is "at the center of the development of the values, ideas, science, laws, and institutions which constitute what we call <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western civilization</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rise of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> led to major divisions within Western Christianity, which still persist, and wars—for example, the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War of 1585–1604</a> had religious as well as economic causes. </p><p>In and after the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europeans</a> spread Western Christianity to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> and elsewhere. Roman Catholicism came to the Americas (especially South America), Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific. Protestantism, including Anglicanism, came to North America, Australia-Pacific and some African locales. </p><p> Today, the geographical distinction between Western and Eastern Christianity is much less absolute, due to the great migrations of Europeans across the globe, as well as the work of <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a> worldwide over the past five centuries. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></p><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:lavender;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_culture" title="Category:Christian culture">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Christian culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Collage-Christian-culture.jpg/250px-Collage-Christian-culture.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Collage-Christian-culture.jpg/375px-Collage-Christian-culture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Collage-Christian-culture.jpg/500px-Collage-Christian-culture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="1193" usemap="#ImageMap_742b352ad57c8de2" resource="/wiki/File:Collage-Christian-culture.jpg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_742b352ad57c8de2"><area href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center_Christmas_Tree" shape="rect" coords="0,0,51,53" alt="Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree" title="Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree" /><area href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" shape="rect" coords="51,0,102,53" alt="Cyril and Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius" /><area href="/wiki/Saint_George" shape="rect" coords="102,0,154,53" alt="Saint George" title="Saint George" /><area href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam" shape="rect" coords="154,0,205,53" alt="The Creation of Adam (Michelangelo)" title="The Creation of Adam (Michelangelo)" /><area href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" shape="rect" coords="201,0,256,53" alt="Pietà (Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)" /><area href="/wiki/Reformation_Wall" shape="rect" coords="0,53,49,107" alt="Reformation Wall" title="Reformation Wall" /><area href="/wiki/Mystery_of_Crowning" shape="rect" coords="51,53,102,107" alt="Mystery of Crowning" title="Mystery of Crowning" /><area href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" shape="rect" coords="102,53,154,107" alt="John Paul II with Bill Clinton" title="John Paul II with Bill Clinton" /><area href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" shape="rect" coords="154,53,205,107" alt="Martin Luther" title="Martin Luther" /><area href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" shape="rect" coords="201,53,256,107" alt="Thomas Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas" /><area href="/wiki/Trinity_(Andrei_Rublev)" shape="rect" coords="0,107,51,160" alt="Trinity (Andrei Rublev)" title="Trinity (Andrei Rublev)" /><area href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_art" shape="rect" coords="51,107,102,160" alt="Nativity scene at Cologne Cathedral" title="Nativity scene at Cologne Cathedral" /><area href="/wiki/Trevi_Fountain" shape="rect" coords="102,107,154,160" alt="Trevi Fountain" title="Trevi Fountain" /><area href="/wiki/Gutenberg_Bible" shape="rect" coords="154,107,205,160" alt="Gutenberg Bible" title="Gutenberg Bible" /><area href="/wiki/Christ_the_Redeemer_(statue)" shape="rect" coords="201,107,256,160" alt="Christ the Redeemer" title="Christ the Redeemer" /><area href="/wiki/Clerical_marriage" shape="rect" coords="0,160,51,214" alt="Eastern Catholic priest from Romania with his family" title="Eastern Catholic priest from Romania with his family" /><area href="/wiki/Boston_College" shape="rect" coords="51,160,102,214" alt="Boston College" title="Boston College" /><area href="/wiki/Rosary" shape="rect" coords="102,160,154,214" alt="Rosary" title="Rosary" /><area href="/wiki/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral" shape="rect" coords="154,160,205,214" alt="Saint Basil's Cathedral" title="Saint Basil's Cathedral" /><area href="/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre" shape="rect" coords="201,160,256,214" alt="Georges Lemaître" title="Georges Lemaître" /><area href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" shape="rect" coords="0,214,51,265" alt="Notre-Dame de Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris" /><area href="/wiki/Christmas_dinner" shape="rect" coords="51,214,102,265" alt="Danish Christmas dinner" title="Danish Christmas dinner" /><area href="/wiki/Freiburg_Cathedral_Boys%27_Choir" shape="rect" coords="102,214,154,265" alt="Freiburg Cathedral Boys' Choir" title="Freiburg Cathedral Boys' Choir" /><area href="/wiki/Armenian_illuminated_manuscripts" shape="rect" coords="154,214,205,265" alt="Armenian illuminated manuscript" title="Armenian illuminated manuscript" /><area href="/wiki/Carnival_of_Venice" shape="rect" coords="201,214,256,265" alt="Entertainers at the Carnival of Venice" title="Entertainers at the Carnival of Venice" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Christian culture</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Western Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine culture">Byzantine culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_culture" title="Protestant culture">Protestant culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Mormon culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Christian">Cultural Christian</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Christian symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_art_and_architecture" title="Early Christian art and architecture">Early art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Catholic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Church architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icons</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_media" title="Christian media">Media</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Film industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_radio" title="Christian radio">Radio formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_video_game" title="Christian video game">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Catholic_literature" title="American Catholic literature">American Catholic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_fiction" title="Bible fiction">Bible fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_drama" title="Christian drama">Christian drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_poetry" title="Christian poetry">Christian poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_novel" title="Christian novel">Christian novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_autobiography" title="Spiritual autobiography">Spiritual autobiography</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">CCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_music" title="Christmas music">Christmas music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_music" title="Church music">Church music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_music" title="Liturgical music">Liturgical music</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christians_in_science_and_technology" title="List of Christians in science and technology">List of Christian scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merton_thesis" title="Merton thesis">Merton thesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Christian Nobel laureates">List of Christian Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and science">Catholic Church and science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parson-naturalist" title="Parson-naturalist">Parson-naturalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_science" title="Quakers in science">Quakers in science</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;;background:lavender;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Christianity in civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">Christian history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">Catholic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian influences in Islam">Christian influences in Islam</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christian_culture" title="Template:Christian culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_culture" title="Template talk:Christian culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AtlEurRelig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/AtlEurRelig.jpg/220px-AtlEurRelig.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/AtlEurRelig.jpg/330px-AtlEurRelig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/AtlEurRelig.jpg/440px-AtlEurRelig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Map of Europe showing the largest religions by region. Eastern Christianity is represented in blue, Islam in green, and the other colors represent branches of Western Christianity.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benozzo_Gozzoli_004a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Benozzo_Gozzoli_004a.jpg/200px-Benozzo_Gozzoli_004a.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Benozzo_Gozzoli_004a.jpg/300px-Benozzo_Gozzoli_004a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Benozzo_Gozzoli_004a.jpg/400px-Benozzo_Gozzoli_004a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Thomas Aquinas">Saint Thomas Aquinas</a> was one of the great Western scholars of the Medieval period.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_sin">Original sin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Original sin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a>, also called <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_sin" title="Ancestral sin">ancestral sin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Golitzin1995_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golitzin1995-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tate2005_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tate2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bartolo-Abela2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bartolo-Abela2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hassan2012_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan2012-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> belief in a <a href="/wiki/State_of_sin" class="mw-redirect" title="State of sin">state of sin</a> in which humanity has existed since the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">fall of man</a>, stemming from <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a>'s rebellion in the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a>, namely the sin of disobedience in consuming the <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit" title="Forbidden fruit">forbidden fruit</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Tree_of_the_knowledge_of_good_and_evil" title="Tree of the knowledge of good and evil">tree of the knowledge of good and evil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECross1966994_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECross1966994-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theologians have characterized this condition in many ways, seeing it as ranging from something as insignificant as a slight deficiency, or a tendency toward sin yet without <a href="/wiki/Collective_accountability" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective accountability">collective guilt</a>, referred to as a "sin nature", to something as drastic as <a href="/wiki/Total_depravity" title="Total depravity">total depravity</a> or automatic guilt of all humans through collective guilt.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filioque_clause">Filioque clause</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Filioque clause"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a></div> <p>Most Western Christians use a version of the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a> that states that the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a> "<a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">proceeds from the Father and the Son</a>", where the original text as adopted by the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a> had "proceeds from the Father" without the addition of either "and the Son" or "alone". This Western version also has the additional phrase "God from God" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Deum de Deo</i>), which was in the Creed as adopted by the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a>, but which was dropped by the First Council of Constantinople. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_of_Easter">Date of Easter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Date of Easter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Easter_controversy" title="Easter controversy">Easter controversy</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Easter#Date" title="Easter">date of Easter</a> usually differs between Eastern and Western Christianity, because the calculations are based on the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> respectively. However, before the Council of Nicea, various dates including Jewish Passover were observed. Nicea "Romanized" the date for Easter and anathematized a "Judaized" (i.e. Passover date for) Easter. The date of observance of Easter has only differed in modern times since the promulgation of the Gregorian calendar in 1582; and further, the Western Church did not universally adopt the Gregorian calendar at once, so that for some time the dates of Easter differed between the Eastern Church and the Roman Catholic Church, but not necessarily as between the Eastern Church and the Western Protestant churches. For example, the Church of England continued to observe Easter on the same date as the Eastern Church until 1753. </p><p>Even the dates of other Christian holidays often differ between Eastern and Western Christianity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lack_of_essence–energies_distinction"><span id="Lack_of_essence.E2.80.93energies_distinction"></span>Lack of essence–energies distinction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lack of essence–energies distinction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Essence%E2%80%93energies_distinction" title="Essence–energies distinction">Essence–energies distinction</a></div><p>Eastern Christianity, and particularly the Eastern Orthodox Church, has traditionally held a distinction between God's essence, or that which He is, with God's energies, or that which He does. They hold that while God is unknowable in His essence, He can be known (i.e. experienced) in His energies. This is an extension of Eastern Christianity's <a href="/wiki/Apophatic_theology" title="Apophatic theology">apophatic theology</a>, while Western Christians tend to prefer a view of <a href="/wiki/Divine_simplicity" title="Divine simplicity">divine simplicity</a>, and claim that God's essence can be known by its attributes. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Western_denominations">Western denominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Western denominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></div> <p>Today, Western Christianity makes up close to 90% of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">Christians worldwide</a> with the Catholic Church accounting for over half and various Protestant denominations making up another 40%. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussite</a> movements of 15th century <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> preceded the main Protestant uprising by 100 years and evolved into several small Protestant churches, such as the <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian Church</a>. <a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a> survived also, but blended into the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed tradition">Reformed tradition</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protestant_branches.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Protestant_branches.svg/800px-Protestant_branches.svg.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="512" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Protestant_branches.svg/1200px-Protestant_branches.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Protestant_branches.svg/1600px-Protestant_branches.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Major branches and movements within Protestantism</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_figures">Major figures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Major figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bishop_of_Rome_or_the_pope">Bishop of Rome or the pope</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bishop of Rome or the pope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a></div> <p>Relevant figures: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Clement I">Clement of Rome</a> (fl. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 96</span>), one of the apostolic fathers of the church.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Pope Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory the Great">Gregory the Great</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Reformers">The Reformers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Reformers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformers" title="Protestant Reformers">Protestant Reformers</a></div> <p>Relevant figures: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1369</span>–1415), one of the most relevant theologians in the 14th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> (1483–1546), the most famous reformer and theologian in the Reformation and in the 15th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Tausen" title="Hans Tausen">Hans Tausen</a>, Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Ribe" title="Ribe">Ribe</a> (1494–1561), leading theologian of the <a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Denmark%E2%80%93Norway_and_Holstein" title="Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein">Reformation in Denmark and Holstein</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" title="Laurentius Petri">Laurentius Petri</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_archbishops_of_Uppsala" title="List of archbishops of Uppsala">Archbishop of Uppsala and all Sweden</a> (1499–1573), along with his brother <a href="/wiki/Olaus_Petri" title="Olaus Petri">Olaus Petri</a> were regarded as the main Lutheran reformers of Sweden, together with the king <a href="/wiki/Gustav_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav I of Sweden">Gustav I of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primo%C5%BE_Trubar" title="Primož Trubar">Primož Trubar</a> (1508–1586), mostly known as the author of the first <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene language</a> <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printed</a> book,<sup id="cite_ref-SBL_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBL-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the founder and the first superintendent of the Protestant Church of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carniola" title="Duchy of Carniola">Duchy of Carniola</a>, and for consolidating the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian language">Slovenian language</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> (1509–1564)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a> (1514–1572)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_D%C3%A1vid" title="Ferenc Dávid">Ferenc Dávid</a> (1520–1579) founder of the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Church_of_Transylvania" title="Unitarian Church of Transylvania">Unitarian Church of Transylvania</a> who laid the foundation for what would become the <a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">nontrinitarian</a> movement.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Agricola" title="Mikael Agricola">Mikael Agricola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Turku" title="Archdiocese of Turku">bishop of Turku</a> (1554–1557), he became the de facto founder of literary Finnish and a prominent proponent of the Protestant Reformation in Sweden, including Finland, which was a Swedish territory at the time. He is often called the "father of literary Finnish".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archbishop_of_Canterbury_and_primate_of_all_England">Archbishop of Canterbury and primate of all England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Archbishop of Canterbury and primate of all England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_Canterbury" title="Primacy of Canterbury">Primacy of Canterbury</a></div> <p>Relevant figures: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a> (597–604)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a> (1533–1555), one of the major reformers in England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a> (1504–1575),(Parker was one of the primary architects of the Thirty-nine Articles)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archbishop_of_Lyon_and_primate_of_the_Gauls">Archbishop of Lyon and primate of the Gauls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Archbishop of Lyon and primate of the Gauls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Primate_of_the_Gauls" title="Primate of the Gauls">Primate of the Gauls</a></div> <p>Relevant figures: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyon</a> (died <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 202</span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patriarch_of_Aquileia">Patriarch of Aquileia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Christianity&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Patriarch of Aquileia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Aquileia" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of Aquileia">Patriarch of Aquileia</a></div> <p>Relevant figures: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromatius" title="Chromatius">Chromatius of Aquilea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01221a.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Agnus Dei (In Liturgy)"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Agnus+Dei+%28In+Liturgy%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F01221a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO_Article-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_Article_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentre" class="citation web cs1">Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/286/">"Vatican City"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Vatican+City&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.aufirst=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F286%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gordonconwell.edu-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gordonconwell.edu_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gordonconwell.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/01/Status-of-Global-Christianity-2024.pdf">"Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900–2050"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Center for the Study of Global Christianity, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2024</span>. <q>Protestants: 625,606,000; Independents: 421,689,000; Unaffiliated Christians: 123,508,000</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Status+of+Global+Christianity%2C+2024%2C+in+the+Context+of+1900%E2%80%932050&rft.pub=Center+for+the+Study+of+Global+Christianity%2C+Gordon-Conwell+Theological+Seminary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gordonconwell.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F13%2F2024%2F01%2FStatus-of-Global-Christianity-2024.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCenter2011" class="citation web cs1">Center, Pew Research (19 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/">"Global Christianity - A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1953). <i>Christianity and Western Civilization</i>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. p. 2. <q>That certain distinctive features of our Western civilization—the civilization of western Europe and America—have been shaped chiefly by Judaeo – Graeco – Christianity, Catholic, and Protestant.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity+and+Western+Civilization&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Hayas&rft.aufirst=Caltron+J.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orlandis-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Orlandis_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrlandis1993" class="citation book cs1">Orlandis, José (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYdbpwAACAAJ"><i>A Short History of the Catholic Church</i></a>. 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Accessed 1 April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Latin". <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3"><bdi>978-0-19-280290-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Latin&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280290-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/pentarchy">"Pentarchy | Byzantine Empire, Justinian I & Justinian Code | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Review+Book+Service&rft.atitle=Review+of+How+the+Catholic+Church+Built+Western+Civilization+by+Thomas+Woods%2C+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrbookservice.com%2Fproducts%2Fbookpage.asp%3Fprod_cd%3Dc6664&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golitzin1995-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Golitzin1995_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolitzin1995" class="citation book cs1">Golitzin, Alexander (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SUjKOoQsCyUC&pg=PA119"><i>On the Mystical Life: The Ethical Discourses</i></a>. 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(2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conservatismsout00tate_0/page/190"><i>Conservatism and Southern Intellectuals, 1789–1861: Liberty, Tradition, and the Good Society</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri_Press" title="University of Missouri Press">University of Missouri Press</a>. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1567-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1567-3"><bdi>978-0-8262-1567-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservatism+and+Southern+Intellectuals%2C+1789%E2%80%931861%3A+Liberty%2C+Tradition%2C+and+the+Good+Society&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8262-1567-3&rft.aulast=Tate&rft.aufirst=Adam+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconservatismsout00tate_0%2Fpage%2F190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bartolo-Abela2011-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bartolo-Abela2011_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartolo-Abela2011" class="citation book cs1">Bartolo-Abela, Marcelle (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ePZFD9BOB4C&pg=PA32"><i>God's Gift to Humanity: The Relationship Between Phinehas and Consecration to God the Father</i></a>. Apostolate-The Divine Heart. pp. 32–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9833480-1-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9833480-1-6"><bdi>978-0-9833480-1-6</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Gift+to+Humanity%3A+The+Relationship+Between+Phinehas+and+Consecration+to+God+the+Father&rft.pages=32-&rft.pub=Apostolate-The+Divine+Heart&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-9833480-1-6&rft.aulast=Bartolo-Abela&rft.aufirst=Marcelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ePZFD9BOB4C%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassan2012-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hassan2012_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassan2012" class="citation book cs1">Hassan, Ann (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N0e9guRLMVEC&pg=PA62"><i>Annotations to Geoffrey Hill's Speech! 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.ijs.si:8080/fedora/get/sbl:3985/VIEW/">the original</a> on 4 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slovenian+Biographical+Lexicon&rft.atitle=Trubar+Primo%C5%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.ijs.si%3A8080%2Ffedora%2Fget%2Fsbl%3A3985%2FVIEW%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Christianity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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sphere</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian traditions</a> that developed in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a>, further diversified starting from the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> in the 16th century</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Western_denominations">Main<br />divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protestantism#Other_Protestants" title="Protestantism">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht_(Old_Catholic)" title="Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)">Union of Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Scranton" title="Union of Scranton">Union of Scranton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Independent_Catholic_denominations" title="List of Independent Catholic denominations">List of Independent Catholic denominations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Latin (or Roman) cross"><img alt="Latin (or Roman) cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/113px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/150px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a> (1054)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a> (1378-1417)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Reformation" title="Bohemian Reformation">Bohemian Reformation</a> (15th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> (16th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism#History" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Protestantism" title="History of Protestantism">History of Protestantism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism#Theology" title="Protestantism">Protestant theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_doctrine" title="Anglican doctrine">Anglican theology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>*The Catholic Church also comprises the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Relations with other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christian_liturgical_chant" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chant" title="Template:Chant"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chant" title="Template talk:Chant"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chant" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chant"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christian_liturgical_chant" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Christian liturgical</a> <a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">chant</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_chant" title="Armenian chant">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_music" title="Coptic music">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_chant" title="Ethiopian chant">Ethiopian and Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_chant" title="Galician chant">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obikhod" title="Obikhod">Obikhod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_chant" title="Kievan chant">Kievan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostopinije" title="Prostopinije">Prostopinije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian chant">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Znamenny_chant" title="Znamenny chant">Znamenny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Western</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Plainsong" title="Plainsong">Plainsong</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_chant" title="Ambrosian chant">Ambrosian</a> (Milanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_chant" title="Anglican chant">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_chant" title="Beneventan chant">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_chant" title="Celtic chant">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_chant" title="Gallican chant">Gallican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelineau_psalmody" title="Gelineau psalmody">Gelineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_chant" title="Mozarabic chant">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Roman_chant" title="Old Roman chant">Old Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravenna_chant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravenna chant (page does not exist)">Ravenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_Church_footer" title="Template:Latin Church footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_Church_footer" title="Template talk:Latin Church footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_Church_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin Church footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchates</a><br />(by <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">order of precedence</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:10em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Rome</a> ('<a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_the_West" title="Patriarch of the West">Patriarch of the West</a>'): <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a> (with <i><a href="/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra">cathedra</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a>)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pierbattista_Pizzaballa" title="Pierbattista Pizzaballa">Pierbattista Pizzaballa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_the_East_Indies" title="Patriarchate of the East Indies">East Indies</a>: <a href="/wiki/Filipe_Neri_Ferr%C3%A3o" title="Filipe Neri Ferrão">Filipe Neri Ferrão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Lisbon" title="Patriarchate of Lisbon">Lisbon</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rui_Val%C3%A9rio" title="Rui Valério">Rui Valério</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Venice" title="Patriarchate of Venice">Venice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Moraglia" title="Francesco Moraglia">Francesco Moraglia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:10em">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Carthage" title="Archdiocese of Carthage">Carthage</a> (?−1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria">Alexandria</a> (1276–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Latin Patriarchate of Antioch">Antioch</a> (1098–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a> (1204–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_the_West_Indies" title="Patriarchate of the West Indies">West Indies</a> (1524–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Aquileia" title="Patriarchate of Aquileia">Aquileia</a> (560–1751)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Ethiopia" title="Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> (1555–1663)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Grado" title="Patriarch of Grado">Grado</a> (560–1451)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church#History" title="Latin Church">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Historical development</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Martyrs_of_the_Church_of_Rome" title="First Martyrs of the Church of Rome">First Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_African_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early African church">Early African church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">Vatican I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 Code of Canon Law</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_see" title="Apostolic see">Apostolic sees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Siracusa" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Siracusa">Syracuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Malta" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Malta">Malta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Milan" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan">Milan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Fathers">Church Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Pope Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_use_of_Latin" title="Liturgical use of Latin">Liturgical use of Latin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Liturgical rites</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Liturgical days</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:10em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Rite of Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Mass of Paul VI</a> (Ordinary form)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraordinary form">Extraordinary form</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire Use</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_order_liturgical_rite" title="Catholic order liturgical rite">Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_Rite" title="Benedictine Rite">Benedictine Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelite_Rite" title="Carmelite Rite">Carmelite Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian Rite">Carthusian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercian_Rite" title="Cistercian Rite">Cistercian Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Rite" title="Dominican Rite">Dominican Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbertine_Rite" title="Norbertine Rite">Norbertine Rite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:10em">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Rite" title="African Rite">African Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquileian_Rite" title="Aquileian Rite">Aquileian Rite</a></li> <li>British <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Rite" title="Durham Rite">Durham Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Hereford" title="Use of Hereford">Hereford Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_Sarum" title="Use of Sarum">Sarum Use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_York" title="Use of York">York Use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_Rite" title="Gallican Rite">Gallican Rite</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Nautica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa sicca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Venatoria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church_in_the_Middle_East" title="Latin Church in the Middle East">Latin Church in the Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Middle_Ages)" title="Latins (Middle Ages)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Church in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_titular_sees" title="List of Catholic titular sees">Titular sees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_the_Latin_Bishops_of_the_Arab_Regions" title="Conference of the Latin Bishops of the Arab Regions">Conference of the Latin Bishops of the Arab Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li>* also <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church#Latin_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Latin_Church" title="Category:Latin Church">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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