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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Motion_picture_industry_in_Edendale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motion_picture_industry_in_Edendale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Motion picture industry in Edendale</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Motion_picture_industry_in_Edendale-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Motion picture industry in Edendale subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Motion_picture_industry_in_Edendale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Selig-Polyscope_studio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selig-Polyscope_studio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Selig-Polyscope studio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selig-Polyscope_studio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bison_studio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bison_studio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Bison studio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bison_studio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universal_Studio_Edendale_1912" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universal_Studio_Edendale_1912"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Universal Studio Edendale 1912</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universal_Studio_Edendale_1912-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mack_Sennett_and_Keystone_Studios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mack_Sennett_and_Keystone_Studios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Mack Sennett and Keystone Studios</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mack_Sennett_and_Keystone_Studios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fox_Studios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fox_Studios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Fox Studios</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fox_Studios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mixville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mixville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Mixville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mixville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norbig_Film_Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norbig_Film_Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Norbig Film Company</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norbig_Film_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pathé_West_Coast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pathé_West_Coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Pathé West Coast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pathé_West_Coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edendale_commune" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edendale_commune"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Edendale commune</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edendale_commune-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_and_related_Links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_and_related_Links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sources and related Links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_and_related_Links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> 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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&params=34.079313_N_118.262692_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°04′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°15′46″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.079313°N 118.262692°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.079313; -118.262692</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archaic placename in California</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_showing_automobile_tour_from_Los_Angeles_to_and_thru_Griffith_and_Elysian_Parks,_1916_(AAA-SM-003079).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Map_showing_automobile_tour_from_Los_Angeles_to_and_thru_Griffith_and_Elysian_Parks%2C_1916_%28AAA-SM-003079%29.jpg/170px-Map_showing_automobile_tour_from_Los_Angeles_to_and_thru_Griffith_and_Elysian_Parks%2C_1916_%28AAA-SM-003079%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="488" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Map_showing_automobile_tour_from_Los_Angeles_to_and_thru_Griffith_and_Elysian_Parks%2C_1916_%28AAA-SM-003079%29.jpg/255px-Map_showing_automobile_tour_from_Los_Angeles_to_and_thru_Griffith_and_Elysian_Parks%2C_1916_%28AAA-SM-003079%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Map_showing_automobile_tour_from_Los_Angeles_to_and_thru_Griffith_and_Elysian_Parks%2C_1916_%28AAA-SM-003079%29.jpg/340px-Map_showing_automobile_tour_from_Los_Angeles_to_and_thru_Griffith_and_Elysian_Parks%2C_1916_%28AAA-SM-003079%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2173" data-file-height="6244" /></a><figcaption>1916 map showing location of Edendale (center)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Edendale</b> is a historical name for a district in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a>, northwest of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">Downtown Los Angeles</a>, in what is known today as <a href="/wiki/Echo_Park,_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Echo Park, Los Angeles">Echo Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Feliz,_Los_Angeles" title="Los Feliz, Los Angeles">Los Feliz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake,_Los_Angeles" title="Silver Lake, Los Angeles">Silver Lake</a>. In the opening decades of the 20th century, in the era of <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent movies</a>, Edendale was known as the home of most major <a href="/wiki/Movie_studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie studio">movie studios</a> on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a>. Among its many claims, it was home to the <a href="/wiki/Keystone_Cops" title="Keystone Cops">Keystone Cops</a>, and the site of many movie firsts, including <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>'s first movie,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first feature-length comedy,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first <a href="/wiki/Pieing" title="Pieing">pie-in-the-face</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Edendale movie studios were mostly concentrated in a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=Glendale+Boulevard+and+Berkeley+Avenue,+Los+Angeles,+CA&daddr=Glendale+Boulevard+and+Duane+Street+,+Los+Angeles,+CA&hl=en&sll=34.087107,-118.260226&sspn=0.015674,0.02532&dirflg=w">four-block stretch of Allesandro Street, between Berkeley Avenue and Duane Street</a>. Allesandro Street was later renamed Glendale Boulevard (and a smaller nearby street took on the name Allesandro). </p><p>Edendale's hilly streets and nearby lake lent themselves to many silent movie gags. The district's heyday as the center of the motion picture industry was in the 1910s. By the 1920s, the studios had moved elsewhere, mostly to <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles, California">Hollywood</a>, which would come to supplant it as the "movie capital of the world".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the years prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Edendale had a large artist community and a large communist community. Many of its residents were transplants from the Eastern United States or the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edendale was known as such at least until 1940, as the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Electric_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Electric Railway">Pacific Electric Railway</a> operated an Edendale Line of its "red cars" that ran the 5-mile (8.0 km) course between <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">Downtown Los Angeles</a> and the top of Edendale. The red car ran down the median of Allesandro Avenue (Glendale Blvd.), which was double-tracked, and even triple-tracked between Sunset and Effie, as the tracks were also used by the interurban Glendale-Burbank Line. After 1940, the Edendale Line as such ceased, though service continued in the form of local service on the Glendale-Burbank Line. Rail service on that line ended completely in 1955, and the tracks have been abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, the region was cut in two by the construction of the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_2" title="California State Route 2">Glendale Freeway</a>. </p><p>The name Edendale is no longer used as a place name, and is little known today. A few remnants of the name are the local post office (officially called Edendale Station), a public library branch, an urban farm called <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edendalefarm.com">Edendale Farm</a> and a restaurant called <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theedendale.com">Edendale</a>. Although many of the structures from the 1910s remain and can be identified by careful comparison with old photos, this district today is located in an unremarkable commercial zone called the "Glendale Boulevard Corridor," which is known mostly for its function as a commuter thoroughfare between the southern end of the Glendale Freeway and downtown Los Angeles. (See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060329144057/http://jerre.com/then%26now/public/studio/keystone/">vintage and modern site photos</a>.) </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motion_picture_industry_in_Edendale">Motion picture industry in Edendale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Motion picture industry in Edendale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In its July 1911 issue, movie trade publication "Motography" described Edendale thus: "Edendale...is a very beautiful suburb of Los Angeles. It is the motion picture center of the Pacific Coast. With clear air and sunshine three hundred days out of the year, conditions are ideal for perfect picture making. The scenic advantages of the location, too, are unique. From [Edendale] can be seen the Pacific Ocean, twenty-two miles to the west, and the broad panorama of Southern California, with its fruit and stock ranches, its snowcapped mountains and its tropical vegetation, to the east, north and south. Within a short distance of Edendale may be found every known variety of national scenery, seemingly arranged by a master producer expressly for the motion picture camera."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selig-Polyscope_studio">Selig-Polyscope studio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Selig-Polyscope studio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg/220px-Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg/330px-Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg/440px-Selig_Polyscope_Company_studio_ca._1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Selig Polyscope Company studio ca. 1910</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scenes_from_the_Selig_Zoo,_Los_Angeles,_Cal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scenes_from_the_Selig_Zoo%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_Cal.jpg/220px-Scenes_from_the_Selig_Zoo%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_Cal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scenes_from_the_Selig_Zoo%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_Cal.jpg/330px-Scenes_from_the_Selig_Zoo%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_Cal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scenes_from_the_Selig_Zoo%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_Cal.jpg/440px-Scenes_from_the_Selig_Zoo%2C_Los_Angeles%2C_Cal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2151" data-file-height="3047" /></a><figcaption>"Scenes from the Selig Zoo," July 1915</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1909, the <a href="/wiki/Selig_Polyscope_Company" title="Selig Polyscope Company">Selig-Polyscope Company</a> established the first permanent Los Angeles motion picture studio at the northeast corner of Clifford and Allesandro in Edendale.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was founded by Colonel <a href="/wiki/William_Selig" title="William Selig">William Selig</a> in Chicago, and it was his associate, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Boggs" title="Francis Boggs">Francis Boggs</a> who first established the Los Angeles studio in Edendale. Within a few years, Selig had shifted most of his operations to Los Angeles. Cowboy <a href="/wiki/Movie_star" title="Movie star">movie star</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mix" title="Tom Mix">Tom Mix</a> made his first movies with Selig-Polyscope out of their Edendale studio. The studio was originally completed in 1910, and featured a mission-style façade on the front entrance patterned after the bells at <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Gabriel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission San Gabriel">Mission San Gabriel</a>. This mission-style entrance set a style that was echoed by other Edendale studios. </p><p>In 1913, Selig acquired 32 acres (130,000 m<sup>2</sup>) of land in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Heights,_Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Heights, Los Angeles, California">Lincoln Heights</a> and began shifting operations to the new location. By 1917, he had leased his Edendale location to <a href="/wiki/William_Fox_(producer)" title="William Fox (producer)">William Fox</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bison_studio">Bison studio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bison studio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1909, Selig-Polyscope was followed into Edendale by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Motion_Picture_Company" title="New York Motion Picture Company">New York Motion Picture Company</a>, making mostly one-reel westerns under the brand name <a href="/wiki/Bison_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Bison Pictures">Bison Pictures</a>. The original studio was located at 1719 Allesandro Street, a "tract of land graced only by a four-room bungalow and a barn."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally under the management of <a href="/wiki/Fred_J._Balshofer" title="Fred J. Balshofer">Fred J. Balshofer</a>, the directorial reins were taken over a couple years later by motion picture innovator <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Ince" title="Thomas H. Ince">Thomas H. Ince</a>. Ince made only two or three one-reelers at the Edendale studio. Shortly after arriving in California, Ince acquired a lease on 18,000 acres (7,300 ha) of land in Santa Ynez Canyon, above <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica</a>. He shifted the operations of Bison Pictures to that location, later known as "Inceville". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universal_Studio_Edendale_1912">Universal Studio Edendale 1912</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Universal Studio Edendale 1912"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 8, 1912, the New York Motion Picture Company agreed on merger with the Universal Film Company. In exchange for money and shares of the new company, the owners of the New York Motion Picture Company turned over all of the company's properties to the newly formed Universal Film Company. They also agreed to release the Bison 101 films through the Universal Program. <a href="/wiki/Charles_O_Baumann" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles O Baumann">Charles O. Baumann</a> was elected the first president of Universal Film Manufacturing Company, though he was soon replaced by Carl Laemmle after a lawsuit was filed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1912 the Universal Film Manufacturing Company founded its first studio in Edendale, called the Universal Edendale plant. During a legal battle between Balshofer and Carl Laemmle, Balshofer refused to supply Bison 101 productions to the Universal Program in spite of the contract. At the end of the Bison lawsuit, Universal won the use of the Bison name. The Universal/Bison Plant was returned to the New York Motion Picture Company at the end of the litigation.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 1912, Bison's Edendale lot was bought by Mack Sennett. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mack_Sennett_and_Keystone_Studios">Mack Sennett and Keystone Studios</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mack Sennett and Keystone Studios"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keystone_Studios_(00069483).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Keystone_Studios_%2800069483%29.jpg/220px-Keystone_Studios_%2800069483%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Keystone_Studios_%2800069483%29.jpg/330px-Keystone_Studios_%2800069483%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Keystone_Studios_%2800069483%29.jpg/440px-Keystone_Studios_%2800069483%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Keystone studios in 1915</figcaption></figure> <p>After a rough start in New Jersey, movie maker <a href="/wiki/Mack_Sennett" title="Mack Sennett">Mack Sennett</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Keystone_Studios" title="Keystone Studios">Keystone Comedies</a> arrived in Edendale in September, 1912, and took up the studio lot that had been left by Bison Pictures when they decamped to Inceville. Though he started in Edendale with a run-down and mostly vacant lot, he soon achieved great success, and took up 5 acres (20,000 m<sup>2</sup>) on both sides of the street within a few years. Between 1913 and 1917, comedy was synonymous with Keystone. There, Mack Sennett was the first important producer and director of screen farce, where speed, irreverence, exaggeration, sight gags, and bam-bam-bam delivery defined comedy. "You had to understand comic motion," Sennett once told an interviewer, whereupon he pushed the interviewer into a swimming pool. "That is comic motion." Sennett was famous for his <a href="/wiki/Keystone_Cops" title="Keystone Cops">Keystone Cops</a>, who bumbled all around Echo Park, and his <a href="/wiki/Sennett_Bathing_Beauties" title="Sennett Bathing Beauties">Sennett Bathing Beauties</a>, who included <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carole_Lombard" title="Carole Lombard">Carole Lombard</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fatty_Arbuckle" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatty Arbuckle">Fatty Arbuckle</a> made many movies at Keystone, and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> was discovered there. His great female lead was <a href="/wiki/Mabel_Normand" title="Mabel Normand">Mabel Normand</a>, his sometime girlfriend (who inspired the 1974 Broadway musical <i><a href="/wiki/Mack_%26_Mabel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mack & Mabel">Mack & Mabel</a></i>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Coy_Watson,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Coy Watson, Jr.">Coy Watson, Jr.</a>, who grew up in Edendale in its heyday, recalls: </p> <blockquote> <p>Life in Edendale was exciting. Sennett needed to produce a 12 to 15 minute long two-reel comedy every week. These were the original slapstick, belly-laugh-a-minute flickers. They made the world laugh as the dignified were made to look ridiculous. The best-dressed folks got hit in the face with the biggest pies. Fat ladies sat down on break-away chairs or fell on the funniest, littlest guy on the set. </p><p> Kids watched them shoot the first fast-moving chases with horses and wagons, automobiles, fire engines, bicycles and baby buggies running wild all over Edendale and into <a href="/wiki/Echo_Park_Lake" title="Echo Park Lake">Echo Park Lake</a>. The Keystone Cops rode in their police patrol wagon skidding on the soaped streets. Dressed in ill-fitting New York policemen's uniforms, they hit fruit stands, popcorn wagons, telephone poles and chicken coops. They took pratfalls and lifted their knees high as they ran and took corners on one foot, waving their billy clubs over their heads. They were always called to restore law and order to some impossible, funny scene hurriedly created by the wit of Hollywood's comedy gagmen. The director had the story line in mind, but the gags came from everywhere as the shooting progressed. When the crew learned the themes of the story, each one was encouraged to come up with a funny thought or idea that might suggest an additional gag to help the picture get another laugh. Each idea gave birth to another. Those early comedy idea men set the formula for the way movies, radio and television comedy would be written for many years. Edendale became one great big background set for comedy. Early film makers didn't build street sets. To save money, they used the actual stores, shop buildings and neighborhood homes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A 1917 article in <i>The Moving Picture World</i> described the Keystone Edendale studio thus: </p> <blockquote> <p>When Keystone got going its rise was rapid. Today [1917] the open air stages of the Keystone Film Company cover 5 acres (20,000 m<sup>2</sup>). In addition to this are buildings of wood, brick and concrete, housing all the industries to be found in the average city of several thousand population, including a five-story <a href="/wiki/Planing_mill" title="Planing mill">planing mill</a> and restaurant. </p><p>Another feature of the Mack Sennett Keystone studios is the big open air plunge, which is electrically heated. When not in use for pictures it is at the disposal of the actors, who may bathe in as they desire. A modern cafeteria is conducted by the company. Here everybody employed at the plant may obtain the best of food at prices considerably lower than are demanded downtown. </p><p>In the planing mill is made everything from patrol wagons to the various sections of Swiss-chalet bungalows and skyscrapers. The painters supply the realistic touches, which are given finish by wall paper and designers' department. All kinds of mechanical devices are made in the machine shops, and in the garage the scores of autos used in the Keystone's activities are housed and maintained. Many touches of humor are added to the comedies by the sign painters' staff. The plumbing department provided water and sewerage connections. </p><p>Separate buildings are maintained for the general offices, scenario and publicity departments and for other activities allied with the manufacture of motion pictures. </p><p>The studios comprise a city within a city, giving employment to more than 1,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Another feature of the Keystone Studios was the "cyclorama", where a background scene was painted onto a huge rotating cylinder that rotated while actors ran in place, creating the illusion of moving across the landscape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fox_Studios">Fox Studios</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fox Studios"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1916, Selig, having relocated to Lincoln Park, leased out his original Edendale studio lot to film director <a href="/wiki/William_Fox_(producer)" title="William Fox (producer)">William Fox</a>. At the Edendale studios, Fox made films with <a href="/wiki/Theda_Bara" title="Theda Bara">Theda Bara</a> (including <i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1917_film)" title="Cleopatra (1917 film)">Cleopatra</a></i>) and Tom Mix (whom Fox also bought out from Selig). His success quickly outgrew the 0.75-acre (3,000 m<sup>2</sup>) lot, and within a year, he opened Fox Studios on a 15-acre (61,000 m<sup>2</sup>) lot at Sunset and Western. </p><p>After Fox moved on from Edendale, the original Polyscope lot, with its distinctive mission-style entrance, served a series of studios, including <a href="/wiki/Clara_Kimball_Young" title="Clara Kimball Young">Clara Kimball Young</a> and Garson Studios (1920), and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Neilan" title="Marshall Neilan">Marshall Neilan</a> Studios (1925). In 1930, the lot, then abandoned but with its facade remaining, was the scene of a rape. Within the next year, the site was demolished. The lot has hosted various commercial buildings, most recently BertCo Graphics, but is currently empty. A historical plaque installed on the site in 1954 commemorated Mack Sennett (whose studio was actually two blocks south), but the plaque was removed in September 2007, when the BertCo Graphics building was demolished. A large apartment complex now exists on the site. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mixville">Mixville</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mixville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tom Mix, a popular and enduring star of early western films, was famous for trick riding, stunts, and flashy clothes. He started his career with Selig-Polyscope, was taken over by William Fox in 1917, was picked up by <a href="/wiki/Film_Booking_Offices_of_America" title="Film Booking Offices of America">FBO</a> (a precursor to <a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO</a>) in 1928, and made the jump to "talkies" with <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios" title="Universal Studios">Universal</a> in the 1930s. Mix, managing his own films under Fox, acquired a 4-acre (16,000 m<sup>2</sup>) parcel of land just north of Edendale's main strip, and built a western set there that became known as Mixville. In her memoir <i>The Fabulous Tom Mix</i>, his wife recalls Mixville: </p> <blockquote> <p>When Tom reigned as William Fox's biggest star in the postwar [World War I] period, he had an even more elaborate organization for the production of his pictures than with Selig. Production activities were carried on at a special studio lot covering 12 acres (49,000 m<sup>2</sup>) of ground near Edendale, California. This home of Tom's Fox pictures was appropriately called Mixville. Tom was undisputed "King of Mixville," just as he was the king of the screen cowboys. </p><p>Many of the interior scenes were made at Mixville. Almost everything pertaining to the Old West could be found tucked away somewhere in this unique settlement. There was a complete frontier town, with a dusty street, hitching rails, a saloon, Jail, bank, doctor's office, surveyor's office, and the simple frame houses typical of the early Western era. Only the signs on the buildings were changed from picture to picture, and some rearrangement of the furnishings. </p><p>There was an Indian village with several lodges nestled in a flat piece of land at the rear of the lot. From the range of plaster-of-Paris mountains surrounding the village Tom led many a convincing attack on a tribe of warriors, the whole thing looking real when the picture was screened. </p><p>There was a simulated desert, through which Mix wandered on many occasions in search of the "bad man". Although Mix preferred actual locations, Fox executives always held the budget over his head. </p><p>Among other things at Mixville there were a ranch house, sans a ceiling, a corral that would hold 100 horses, and a great barnlike structure to hold props, such as saddles, uniforms, guns, and various items of furniture that conformed to the Old West tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Tom Mix's original horse, Old Blue, was buried on the lot, which today is occupied by a couple of banks and shops in an undistinguished commercial strip at the NE corner of Glendale Blvd and Silver Lake Blvd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norbig_Film_Company">Norbig Film Company</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Norbig Film Company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At 1745 Allesandro, on the block between the Selig lot and the Sennett lot, another studio was set up during 1914-1919 by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbig_Film_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norbig Film Company (page does not exist)">Norbig Film Company</a>. Norbig was a rental film studio that provided a home for many director/producers who were getting started (a business model that today would be called an "incubator"). Director <a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a> worked here, making films starring <a href="/wiki/Harold_Lloyd" title="Harold Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a> as "Lonesome Luke". (Roach was well known in this period, and became more famous in the 1920s with hits including the "Our Gang" / "Little Rascals" series, and would build his own studio in Culver City.) Charlie Chaplin worked here briefly, under the Lone Star Studios moniker, before establishing a studio at 1025 Lillian Way in Hollywood. Other studios that operated here included French & Forman, Bronx, Reaguer Productions, Western Arts, Westwood Productions, and Harry Keaton. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pathé_West_Coast"><span id="Path.C3.A9_West_Coast"></span>Pathé West Coast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pathé West Coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a> West Coast Film Company had offices at 1807 Allesandro (NW corner of Branden), but it is unknown if any films were made there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Edendale_commune">Edendale commune</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Edendale commune"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From November 1914 to June 1916, Edendale was also home to the Edendale commune, founded by Mexican anarcho-communist radicals of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Liberal_Party" title="Mexican Liberal Party">Partido Liberal Mexicano</a> (PLM). After their release from the penitentiary at <a href="/wiki/McNeil_Island" title="McNeil Island">McNeil Island</a> in 1914 as political prisoners accused of inciting rebellion, criminal libel and violating neutrality laws, <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Magon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricardo Flores Magon">Ricardo Flores Magon</a> and his wife, Maria Talavera, her daughter Lucille Norman, his brother Enrique and Enrique's companion Teresa Arteaga and other PLM members and their families settled on five acres of rented farm land near 2325 Ivanhoe Ave, Edendale in Silver Lake. Other members of the PLM, Rivera and Palma moved near by. Later, other anarchists and members of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> settled in nearby shacks.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They shared this space with the pre-Hollywood film studio colony. The PLM members lived the communal lives they envisioned for the rest of the world by raising fruit, vegetables and chickens at Edendale that they sold on the streets of Los Angeles and at the Plaza Olvera's open market. With their farming proceeds, they purchased necessary goods such as print supplies to continue publishing <i><a href="/wiki/Regeneracion" class="mw-redirect" title="Regeneracion">Regeneracion</a></i>, the Mexican anarchist newspaper published by the PLM.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Making_a_Living" title="Making a Living">Making a Living</a></i> (Mack Sennett / Keystone, 1914). It was at the Sennett Studios in Edendale that Chaplin's "Tramp" character was first invented.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Tillie%27s_Punctured_Romance_(1914_film)" title="Tillie's Punctured Romance (1914 film)">Tillie's Punctured Romance</a></i> (Mack Senett / Keystone, 1914), starring Marie Dressler, Mabel Normand, and Charles Chaplin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <i><a href="/wiki/A_Noise_From_The_Deep" class="mw-redirect" title="A Noise From The Deep">A Noise From The Deep</a></i> (1913), Mabel Normand tossed a pie into the face of Fatty Arbuckle. The movie was filmed on the Keystone Comedy lot in Edendale.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodusa.co.uk/">"Home"</a>. <i>hollywoodusa.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hollywoodusa.co.uk&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodusa.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdendale%2C+Los+Angeles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurewitz2007" class="citation book cs1">Hurewitz, Daniel (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bohemianlosangel0000hure"><i>Bohemian Los Angeles</i></a></span>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24925-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24925-7"><bdi>978-0-520-24925-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bohemian+Los+Angeles&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-520-24925-7&rft.aulast=Hurewitz&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbohemianlosangel0000hure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdendale%2C+Los+Angeles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erha.org/pewel.htm">Electric Railway Historical Association</a> on the Edendale Line.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Motography</i>, July 1911.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClendenin1934" class="citation news cs1">Clendenin, W. Wallace (February 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/internationalpho06holl#page/n52/mode/1up">"Hollywood Studios of the Early Days"</a>. The International Photographer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hollywood+Studios+of+the+Early+Days&rft.date=1934-02&rft.aulast=Clendenin&rft.aufirst=W.+Wallace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Finternationalpho06holl%23page%2Fn52%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdendale%2C+Los+Angeles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.P. von Harleman, from article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Moving_Picture_World" title="The Moving Picture World">The Moving Picture World</a></i>, March 10, 1917.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moving Picture World 1912 Litigation and published Studio trade ads</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From <i>The Keystone Kid: Tales of Early Hollywood</i>, by Coy Watson, Jr. (Santa Monica Press: 2001).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">from an article written by G. P. von Harleman, originally appeared in the March 10, 1917, issue of <i>The Moving Picture World</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://employees.oxy.edu/jerry/mpstud02.htm">online text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060815011904/http://employees.oxy.edu/jerry/mpstud02.htm">Archived</a> 2006-08-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Fabulous Tom Mix</i>, by Olive Stokes Mix with Eric Heath (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinemaweb.com/silentfilm/bookshelf/33_mix07.htm">online excerpt</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnarchist_Black_Cross_Federation" class="citation web cs1">Anarchist Black Cross Federation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325235725/https://www.abcf.net/la/laabcf.asp?page=la/maghome">"Homes of various Magonista's in the LA area"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abcf.net/la/laabcf.asp?page=la/maghome">the original</a> on 2012-03-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homes+of+various+Magonista%27s+in+the+LA+area&rft.au=Anarchist+Black+Cross+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abcf.net%2Fla%2Flaabcf.asp%3Fpage%3Dla%2Fmaghome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdendale%2C+Los+Angeles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstrada2008" class="citation book cs1">Estrada, William (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/losangelesplazas0000estr"><i>The Los Angeles Plaza: Sacred and Contested Space</i></a></span>. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/losangelesplazas0000estr/page/155">155</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-71754-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-71754-1"><bdi>978-0-292-71754-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Los+Angeles+Plaza%3A+Sacred+and+Contested+Space&rft.place=Austin&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-292-71754-1&rft.aulast=Estrada&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flosangelesplazas0000estr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdendale%2C+Los+Angeles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_and_related_Links">Sources and related Links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources and related Links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060723010635/http://employees.oxy.edu/jerry/mpstud01.htm">Motion Picture Studios of California</a> - article, written by G.P. von Harleman, originally appeared in the March 10, 1917, issue of <i>The Moving Picture World</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsite.org/pre20sintro3.html">Film History Before 1920</a> - from filmsite.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/mhl/sc/selig_162.html">biography of Col. William Selig</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160315/http://www.oscars.org/mhl/sc/selig_162.html">Archived</a> 2006-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - from Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences / Margaret Herrick Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070107061227/http://www.hollywoodheritage.org/newsarchive/summer99/boggs.html">Hollywood Heritage archive</a> - story on establishment of the first studio in LA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130414233231/http://www.historicechopark.org/id9.html">Echo Park Historical Society</a> - a history of Edendale</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theedendale.com">Edendale restaurant page</a> - from a local restaurant that commemorates the name and displays memorabilia from Edendale's heyday.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060329144057/http://jerre.com/then%26now/public/studio/keystone/">Keystone Studio - Then & Now</a> - a nice collage of vintage photos juxtaposed with present-day photos of the same sites</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?guid=a8557cec-5353-4818-b0c9-dd976445928b">Edendale in the Golden Age of Silent Film</a> - a geocache puzzle that involves finding multiple clues in Edendale's history; the page contains a number of vintage photos</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artisanlofts.net/history-of-echo-park.html">Edendale and Echo Park History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090503171855/http://www.artisanlofts.net/history-of-echo-park.html">Archived</a> 2009-05-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Brief History of Edendale</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edendalefarm.com">Edendale Farm </a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Edendale,_Los_Angeles&params=34.079313_N_118.262692_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°04′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°15′46″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.079313°N 118.262692°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.079313; -118.262692</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Edendale,_Los_Angeles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Edendale,_Los_Angeles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Edendale, Los Angeles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake,_Los_Angeles" title="Silver Lake, Los Angeles">Silver Lake, Los Angeles</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atwater_Village,_Los_Angeles" title="Atwater Village, Los Angeles">Atwater Village, Los Angeles</a> - <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Park,_Los_Angeles" title="Cypress Park, Los Angeles">Cypress Park, Los Angeles</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake,_Los_Angeles" title="Silver Lake, Los Angeles">Silver Lake, Los Angeles</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Edendale, Los Angeles</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Echo_Park,_Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Echo Park, Los Angeles, California">Echo Park</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span 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