haunted houses - The Skeptic's Dictionary

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class="header"> <div class="logo"> <img src="_images/logo_01.png" alt="The Skeptic's Dictionary" width="270" height="60" border="0" />           <br /> by <a href="http://skepdic.com/refuge/bio.html">Robert Todd Carroll</a> * est. 1994 </div> <div class="slogan"> <img src="_images/slogan_01.gif" alt="A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions" width="362" height="30" /> </div> </div> <div class="menu"> <ul> <li></li><li><a href="http://skepdic.com/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="http://skepdic.com/news/">Newsletter</a></li> <li><a href="http://skepdic.com/feedback.html">Feedback</a></li> <li><a href="http://skepdic.com/faq.html">FAQ & Interviews</a></li> <li><a href="http://skepdic.com/tour.html">Site Map</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="middle"> <div class="left"> <h2>Topical Indexes</h2> <ul class="nav_1"> <li><a href="http://skepdic.com/tialtmed.html">Alternatives to Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="http://skepdic.com/ticriticalthinking.html">Critical 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href="http://skepdic.com/contents.html#Z">z</a></li> </ul> <webContent><h1>haunted house</h1> <p align="left">When <a href="satan.html">demons</a> or <a HREF="ghosts.html"> ghosts</a> take up residence, a house is said to be "possessed" or "haunted." It is not clear why demons or ghosts would confine themselves to quarters, since with all their alleged powers, they probably could be anywhere or everywhere at any time. If they really wanted to terrorize the neighborhood, they could <font face="Arial" size="3"><img src="graphics/faminevillage.jpg" alt="Skellig Bay - photo by R. Carroll" class="floatRight" width="235" height="157" hspace="5" vspace="5" border="0" /></font>take turns haunting different houses.</font></p> <p align="left"> <font face="Arial" size="3">Ideas about haunted houses often originate in movies such as <i>The Amityville Horror</i>, a fictional movie based on a true fraud. While it is quite common for a Catholic priest to bless a house or perform what is called a "routine exorcism," it is not common to perform what is called a "real exorcism" on houses, despite what was depicted in the movie.  In the case of Amityville, the real devils were George and Kathy Lutz, who concocted a preposterous story to help them out of a mortgage they couldn't afford and a marriage on the rocks (Schick & Vaughn 1998: 269-270). Their case was helped along by the media (New York television station Channel 5), self-<img border="0" src="graphics/campbellghost.jpg" class="floatleft" hspace="10" vspace="10" width="231" height="162">proclaimed demonologists Ed and Lorraine Warren, and Gene Campbell, who produced an infra red time-lapse photograph of a boy (?) with no eyes at the foot of a staircase. The photo was first shown on the Merv Griffin show, few years after it was allegedly taken at the Amityville house, to promote the first film of the alleged horror.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Amityville_Horror">*</a></font></p> <p align="left"> <font face="Arial" size="3">Not all hauntings are obvious frauds. Some are hoaxes instigated by disturbed teenagers trying to get attention by scaring the devil out of their parents and siblings (Radin 1997: 280; Randi 1986, 1995).</font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">Some cases involve otherwise normal people hearing strange noises or having visions of dead people or of objects moving with no visible means of locomotion. Hearing strange noises in the night and letting the imagination run wild are quite natural human traits and not very indicative of diabolical or <a href="paranormal.html">paranormal</a> activity. Likewise, visions and hallucinations are quite natural, even if unusual and infrequent, in people with normal as well as with very active imaginations (Sagan 1995).</font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">Nevertheless, the market for "ghostbusters"  flourishes. They go to allegedly haunted houses for television programs such as <em>Sightings</em>. They walk around with an electronic device that picks up electromagnetic fields. If the needle moves, they claim they have evidence of poltergeist activity, even though just about anything gives off a measurable level of electromagnetic radiation.</font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">Many people report physical changes in haunted places, especially a feeling of a presence accompanied by a temperature drop and hearing unaccountable sounds. They are not imagining things. Most hauntings occur in old buildings, which tend to be drafty. Scientists who have investigated haunted places account for both the temperature changes and the sounds by finding sources of the drafts, such as empty spaces behind walls or currents set in motion by low frequency sound waves (<a href="infrasound.html">infrasound</a>) produced by such mundane objects as extraction fans. Some think that electromagnetic fields are inducing the haunting experience.<a href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2320/is_2_68/ai_n16107399">*</a></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">Finally, as I note in my <a href="poltergeist.html">poltergeist</a> entry:</font></p> <blockquote> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">Even if I provided plausible physical explanations for a million poltergeists in a million different places at a million different times, there is always the possibility that the next one that pops up will be the real thing. So, those who believe in poltergeists, ghosts, and haunted houses can always take refuge in the fact that nobody ever has enough information to debunk every ghost story, and even if they did, the next one might prove the debunkers wrong!</font></p> </blockquote> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">As a skeptic, all I can say with confidence is that when one considers the requirements for a ghost story to be true, the most reasonable position is that there is a naturalistic explanation for all these stories, but we often do not or cannot have all the details necessary to provide that explanation. We must rely on <a href="testimon.html">anecdotal</a> evidence, which is always incomplete and selective, and which is often passed on by interested, inexperienced, superstitious parties who are ignorant of basic physical laws. Thus, there will always be stories like <a href="http://www.bellwitch.org/">the "Bell Witch" story</a> that attract much attention, especially when made into movies, that will lead many people to think that maybe there is something to <i>this one</i>, even if all the other ghost stories are false. The "Bell Witch" is alleged to be "a sinister entity that tormented a family on Tennessee鈥檚 frontier between the years of 1817 and 1821."<a href="http://www.bellwitch.org/story.htm">*</a> The likelihood that we don't have <i>all</i> the evidence in this case is proportionate to the number of years that have passed since the events allegedly took place.</font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">On the other hand, I have it on very good authority that there are very good reasons that ghosts only appear in the dark and in places where their true nature is obscured in some way so that they cannot be clearly seen or heard. Since ghosts themselves have no senses, it would not be fair for them to appear in broad daylight where everybody could see them as they really are. Ghosts are inveterate tricksters and it is much easier to trick human beings in situations where their senses can be easily manipulated. Ghosts also enjoy "seeing" people deceive themselves, especially people who use scientific equipment in ways that indicate that they have no idea what they are doing. Besides, ghosts have found that many people are afraid of the dark and that fear makes their work much easier.</font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">Some ghosts have found extraordinary ways of tricking people. For example, paranormal investigator <a href="http://www.radfordbooks.com/">Ben Radford</a> investigated the Santa Fe, New Mexico, Courthouse Ghost that showed itself on film from a surveillance camera as a glowing spot drifting in front of a patrol car parked beneath some trees. </font></p> <p><font face="Arial" size="3">Radford came armed only with his brain and knowledge. He had no lab coat and no scientific equipment. <a href="http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5i4rh0XO0fOAx-cyaWwniksXMMyggD8SK66RO0"> He came up with a hypothesis and tested it</a> by putting a ladybug on the lens of the camera. Sure enough, he reproduced the ghost on the film. "In the end, it was in fact a bug or insect of some sort that was on the lens of the surveillance camera," said <a href="http://www.csicop.org/si/2007-05/radford.html">Radford</a>, a known skeptic and managing editor of <i>Skeptical Inquirer</i> magazine. Little does he know that ghosts often appear as ladybugs. Nice try, Ben! He obviously hasn't read the <i>Secret Writings of Descartes: Ghosts on the Machine</i>. Coming soon to <a href="http://boards.history.com/thread.jspa?threadID=10804">the History Channel</a>.</font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><b>See also</b> <a href="exorcism.html">exorcism</a>, <a href="paranormalinvestigator.html">paranormal investigato</a>r, <a href="pphotog.html">psychic photography</a>, <a href="superstition.html">superstition</a>, and <a HREF="hollow.html">A Skeptic's Halloween Page</a> <br>   </font> </p> <hr align="left" noshade width="25%"> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><b><a href="comments/hauntedcom.html">reader comments</a></b></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><b>further reading</b> </font> </p> <p align="left"><b><font size="3">books and articles</font></b></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">Brugger, Peter. "From Haunted Brain to Haunted Science: A Cognitive Neuroscience View of Paranormal and Pseudoscientific Thought," <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0786409843/roberttoddcarrolA/"> <i>Hauntings and Poltergeists: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, </i>edited by J. Houran and R. Lange (North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. Publishers, 2001).</a></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0690268157/roberttoddcarrolA/"> Christopher, Milbourne. <i>ESP, Seers & Psychics </i>(Thomas Y. Crowell Co. 1970).</a></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">Frazier, Kendrick. "Amityville Hokum: the Hoax and the Hype," <i>Skeptical Inquirer</i>, 4, no. 2 (1979-80): 2-4. </font> </p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=1591021081/roberttoddcarrolA/"> Harris, Melvin. (2003). <i>Investigating the Unexplained.</i> Prometheus Books.</a> This book was originally called <i> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0297789643/roberttoddcarrolA/"> Sorry, You've Been Duped</a> </i>(1986), Weidenfeld and Nicolson.</font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0879759615/roberttoddcarrolA/"> Nickell, Joe. (1995). <cite>Entities: Angels, Spirits, Demons, and Other Alien Beings</cite>. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.</a></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0062515020/roberttoddcarrolA/"> Radin, Dean. (1997). <i>The Conscious Universe - The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena</i>. HarperCollins.</a></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0879753145/roberttoddcarrolA/">Randi James. "The Columbus Poltergeist Case: Part I," <em>Skeptical Inquirer</em> (Spring 1985). This article may be found in <em>Science Confronts the Paranormal</em>, edited by Kendrick Frazier. (Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1986).</a></font></p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0312151195/roberttoddcarrolA/">Randi, James. <i>An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural </i>(N.Y.: St. Martin's Press, 1995).</a> </font> </p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0345409469/roberttoddcarrolA/">Sagan, Carl.<i> The Demon-Haunted World - Science as a Candle in the Dark</i>, ch. 6 "Hallucinations," (New York: Random House, 1995).</a> </font> </p> <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0767400135/roberttoddcarrolA/">Schick, Theodore, and Lewis Vaughn. <i>How to Think About Weird Things</i> (Mountain View, California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1995).</a> </font> <p align="left"><font size="3"><b>websites</b></font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a href="http://www.haque.co.uk/haunt.php">Haunt</a> - building an environment that feels "haunted"</font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a href="http://www.skepticalanalysis.com/">SAPS - Skeptical Analysis of the Paranormal Society (featured as "Ghost Hunters" on the SciFi channel)</a></font></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><font face="Arial" size="3"> <a href="http://www.livescience.com/6528-amityville-horror-house-haunted.html">The Truth Behind the Amityville Horror by Benjamin Radford</a></font></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><font face="Arial" size="3"> <a href="http://www.snopes.com/horrors/ghosts/amityville.asp">The Amityville Horror</a> - A Hoax according to Snopes.com</font></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><font face="Arial" size="3"> <a href="http://www.csicop.org/sb/show/haunted_tape_recorder/">"The Haunted Tape Recorder"</a> by Joe Nickell</font></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><font face="Arial" size="3"> <a href="http://www.csicop.org/si/show/amityville_the_horror_of_it_all/">Amityville: The Horror of It All</a> by Joe Nickell</font></p> <p style="text-align: left"> <font face="Arial" size="3"> <a href="http://thewhitecrow.webs.com/In%20search%20of%20magnetic%20anomalies%20associated%20with%20haunt.docx"> In search of magnetic anomalies associated with haunt-type experiences: pulses and patterns in dual time-synchronized measurements</a>, <i>Journal of Parapsychology</i>, Fall, 2004 by Jason J. Braithwaite, Katty Perez-Aquino, Maurice Townsend</font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a HREF="http://www.csicop.org/sb/show/caveat_specter/">"Caveat Specter"</a> by Tim Madigan</font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070119093146/http://www.specialopsmedia.com/creative/LIVESITES/theamityvilletruth/index.php">The Amityville Truth</a> A Research Database developed by a Long Island, NY sub-Librarian and former Amityville resident</font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a href="http://www.ghostresearch.org/">The Ghost Research Society</a> - especially for the gullible</font></p> <p align="left"><b><font face="Arial" size="3">news stories</font></b><p> <font size="3" face="Arial"> <a href="http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/sciences/story/0,12243,1005295,00.html"> Scientist to create 'haunted house' July 24, 2003 </a></font></p> <p><font size="3" face="Arial">According to a 2005 Gallup poll, 37% believe in haunted houses, down from 42% five years ago but up from 29% in 1990.</font> <a href="http://www.care2.com/causes/more-americans-believe-in-haunted-houses-than-climate-change.html">A Pew poll</a> in 2009 found that more Americans believe in haunted houses than believe global warming is real.<p> </webContent>Last updated 18-Oct-2015 </p> <p> </div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="right_it"> <div class="search"> <form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/custom" target="_top"> <input type="hidden" name="domains" value="skepdic.com" /> <input type="text" name="q" maxlength="255" value="" size="20" /> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" /> <br /> <div class="search_2"> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" value="" /> Web     <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" value="skepdic.com" checked="checked" /> Skepdic.com <br /> <img src="_images/logo_google.gif" alt="Google" width="48" height="19" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="client" value="pub-3542920166946725" /> <input type="hidden" name="forid" value="1" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1" /> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="ISO-8859-1" /> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="GALT:#008000;GL:1;DIV:#336699;VLC:663399;AH:center;BGC:FFFFFF;LBGC:336699;ALC:0000FF;LC:0000FF;T:000000;GFNT:0000FF;GIMP:0000FF;FORID:1;" /> <input type="hidden" name="hl" value="en" /> </form> </div> <div class="center"> <p align="right"><a href="http://skepdic.com/authorpage.html"><strong>Books by R. 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