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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Music, style and influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music,_style_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lully's_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lully's_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lully's works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lully's_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lully's works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lully's_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sacred_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sacred_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sacred music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sacred_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ballets_de_cour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballets_de_cour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ballets de cour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballets_de_cour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_for_the_theater_(intermèdes)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_for_the_theater_(intermèdes)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Music for the theater (intermèdes)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_for_the_theater_(intermèdes)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Operas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depictions_in_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depictions_in_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Depictions in fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depictions_in_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jean-Baptiste Lully</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="جان باتيست لولي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جان باتيست لولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan-Batist_L%C3%BClli" title="Jan-Batist Lülli – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jan-Batist Lülli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%81-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="জঁ-বাতিস্ত ল্যুলি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জঁ-বাতিস্ত ল্যুলি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Жан-Батыст Люлі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жан-Батыст Люлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Жан-Батист Люли – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жан-Батист Люли" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B1%CE%BD-%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84_%CE%9B%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AF" title="Ζαν-Μπατίστ Λυλί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζαν-Μπατίστ Λυλί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ژان-باتیست لولی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژان-باتیست لولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%B0%94%ED%8B%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A5%84%EB%A6%AC" title="장바티스트 륄리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장바티스트 륄리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF_%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Ժան Բատիստ Լյուլլի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժան Բատիստ Լյուլլի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lully_Jean_Baptiste" title="Lully Jean Baptiste – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lully Jean Baptiste" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%90%D7%9F-%D7%91%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="ז'אן-בטיסט לולי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'אן-בטיסט לולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჟან ბატისტ ლული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟან ბატისტ ლული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Baptista_Lullius" title="Ioannes Baptista Lullius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Baptista Lullius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDans_Batists_Lulli" title="Žans Batists Lulli – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žans Batists Lulli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Жан Батист Лили – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жан Батист Лили" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="جان باتيست لولى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جان باتيست لولى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Жан-Батист Люлли – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жан-Батист Люлли" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%90%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA" title="ジャン＝バティスト・リュリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャン＝バティスト・リュリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Люлли, Жан-Батист – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Люлли, Жан-Батист" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Жан-Батист Лили – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жан-Батист Лили" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8C%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87-%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="ฌ็อง-บาติสต์ ลูว์ลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฌ็อง-บาติสต์ ลูว์ลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Жан Батіст Люллі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жан Батіст Люллі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jean-Baptiste Lully" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E6%99%AE%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%90%95%E5%88%A9" title="让-巴普蒂斯特·吕利 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="让-巴普蒂斯特·吕利" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Italian-French composer (1632–1687)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lully" and "Lulli" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lully_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lully (disambiguation)">Lully (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lulli_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lulli (disambiguation)">Lulli (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jean-Baptiste Lully</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Mignard_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Paul_Mignard_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg/220px-Paul_Mignard_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Paul_Mignard_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg/330px-Paul_Mignard_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Paul_Mignard_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg/440px-Paul_Mignard_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="637" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait between 1650 and 1691</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Giovanni Battista Lulli</div><br />28 or 29 November 1632<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Grand Duchy of Tuscany (now Italy)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 22, 1687<span style="display:none">(1687-03-22)</span> (aged 54)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Composer</li><li>dancer</li><li>instrumentalist</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="List of compositions by Jean-Baptiste Lully">List of compositions</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lully" title="Louis Lully">Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully_fils" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully fils">Jean-Baptiste</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Lully" title="Jean-Louis Lully">Jean-Louis</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Baptiste_Lully_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Jean_Baptiste_Lully_signature.svg/150px-Jean_Baptiste_Lully_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Jean_Baptiste_Lully_signature.svg/225px-Jean_Baptiste_Lully_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Jean_Baptiste_Lully_signature.svg/300px-Jean_Baptiste_Lully_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="129" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jean-Baptiste Lully</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (28 or 29 November [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 18 or 19 November] 1632 – 22 March 1687) was a French composer, dancer and instrumentalist of Italian birth, who is considered a master of the French <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque music</a> style. Best known for his operas, he spent most of his life working in the court of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a> and became a French <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">subject</a> in 1661. He was a close friend of the playwright <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, with whom he collaborated on numerous <i><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-ballet" title="Comédie-ballet">comédie-ballets</a></i>, including <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Amour_m%C3%A9decin" title="L'Amour médecin">L'Amour médecin</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/George_Dandin_ou_le_Mari_confondu" title="George Dandin ou le Mari confondu">George Dandin ou le Mari confondu</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_de_Pourceaugnac" title="Monsieur de Pourceaugnac">Monsieur de Pourceaugnac</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(play)" title="Psyché (play)">Psyché</a></i> and his best known work, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Bourgeois_gentilhomme" title="Le Bourgeois gentilhomme">Le Bourgeois gentilhomme</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcius-Simons--The_Young_Lulli--Ideals_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Marcius-Simons--The_Young_Lulli--Ideals_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Marcius-Simons--The_Young_Lulli--Ideals_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Marcius-Simons--The_Young_Lulli--Ideals_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Marcius-Simons--The_Young_Lulli--Ideals_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Marcius-Simons--The_Young_Lulli--Ideals_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Marcius-Simons--The_Young_Lulli--Ideals_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2178" data-file-height="1534" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pinckney_Marcius-Simons" title="Pinckney Marcius-Simons">Pinckney Marcius-Simons</a>, <i>The Young Lulli</i>, by 1888</figcaption></figure> <p>Lully was born on November 28 or 29, 1632, in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a>, to Lorenzo Lulli and Caterina Del Sera, a Tuscan family of millers.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His general education and his musical training during his youth in Florence remain uncertain, but his adult handwriting suggests that he manipulated a quill pen with ease. He used to say that a <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> friar gave him his first music lessons and taught him guitar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce200221–22_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce200221–22-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705183_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705183-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also learned to play the violin. In 1646, dressed as <a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a> during <a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras#Italy" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a> and amusing bystanders with his clowning and his violin, the boy attracted the attention of Roger de Lorraine, chevalier de Guise, son of <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Guise" title="Charles, Duke of Guise">Charles, Duke of Guise</a>, who was returning to France and was looking for someone to converse in Italian with his niece, <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne, Duchess of Montpensier">Mademoiselle de Montpensier</a> (<i>la Grande Mademoiselle</i>). Guise took the boy to Paris, where the fourteen-year-old entered Mademoiselle's service; from 1647 to 1652 he served as her "chamber boy" (<i>garçon de chambre</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He probably honed his musical skills by working with Mademoiselle's household musicians and with composers <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_M%C3%A9tru" title="Nicolas Métru">Nicolas Métru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Roberday" title="François Roberday">François Roberday</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Gigault" title="Nicolas Gigault">Nicolas Gigault</a>. The teenager's talents as a guitarist, violinist, and dancer quickly won him the nicknames "Baptiste", and "<i>le grand baladin</i>" (great street-artist).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce200230–56_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce200230–56-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705184–185_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705184–185-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Mademoiselle was exiled to the provinces in 1652 after the rebellion known as the <a href="/wiki/Fronde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fronde">Fronde</a>, Lully "begged his leave ... because he did not want to live in the country." The princess granted his request.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By February 1653, Lully had attracted the attention of young <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>, dancing with him in the <i><a href="/wiki/Ballet_royal_de_la_nuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballet royal de la nuit">Ballet royal de la nuit</a></i>. By March 16, 1653, Lully had been made royal composer for instrumental music. His vocal and instrumental music for court ballets gradually made him indispensable. In 1660 and 1662 he collaborated on court performances of <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cavalli" title="Francesco Cavalli">Francesco Cavalli</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Xerse" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerse">Xerse</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ercole_amante" title="Ercole amante">Ercole amante</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce2002105–108,_129–131_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce2002105–108,_129–131-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Louis XIV took over the reins of government in 1661, he named Lully superintendent of the royal music and music master of the royal family. In December 1661, the Florentine was granted letters of naturalization. Thus, when he married Madeleine Lambert (1643–1720), the daughter of the renowned singer and composer <a href="/wiki/Michel_Lambert" title="Michel Lambert">Michel Lambert</a> in 1662, Giovanni Battista Lulli declared himself to be "Jean-Baptiste Lully, <i>escuyer</i> [<a href="/wiki/Squire" title="Squire">squire</a>], son of Laurent de Lully, <i>gentilhomme Florentin</i> [Florentine gentleman]". The latter assertion of high birth was an untruth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce200228–29,_115–119_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce200228–29,_115–119-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had six children who survived past childhood: Catherine-Madeleine, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Lully" title="Louis Lully">Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully_fils" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully fils">Jean-Baptiste</a>, Gabrielle-Hilarie, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Lully" title="Jean-Louis Lully">Jean-Louis</a> and Louis-Marie.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1661 on, the trios and dances he wrote for the court were promptly published. As early as 1653, Louis XIV made him director of his personal violin orchestra, known as the <i>Petits Violons</i> ("Little Violins"), which was proving to be open to Lully's innovations, as contrasted with the Twenty-Four Violins or <i>Grands Violons</i> ("Great Violins"), who only slowly were abandoning the <a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Division_(music)" title="Division (music)">divisions</a> of past decades. When he became <i>surintendant de la musique de la chambre du roi</i> in 1661, the Great Violins also came under Lully's control. He relied mainly on the Little Violins for court ballets.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lully's collaboration with the playwright <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a> began with <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_F%C3%A2cheux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Fâcheux (page does not exist)">Les Fâcheux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_F%C3%A2cheux" class="extiw" title="fr:Les Fâcheux">fr</a>]</span></i> in 1661, when Lully provided a single sung courante, added after the work's premiere at <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fouquet" title="Nicolas Fouquet">Nicolas Fouquet</a>'s sumptuous chateau of <a href="/wiki/Vaux-le-Vicomte" title="Vaux-le-Vicomte">Vaux-le-Vicomte</a>. Their collaboration began in earnest in 1664 with <i>Le Mariage forcé</i>. More collaborations followed, some of them conceived for fetes at the royal court, and others taking the form of incidental music (<i>intermèdes</i>) for plays performed at command performances at court and also in Molière's Parisian theater. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Jean Baptiste Lully around the 1670s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpeg/170px-Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpeg/255px-Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpeg/340px-Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Jean-Baptiste Lully, around 1670</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1672, Lully broke with Molière, who turned to <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a>. Having acquired <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Perrin" title="Pierre Perrin">Pierre Perrin</a>'s opera privilege, Lully became the director of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Opera" title="Paris Opera">Académie Royale de Musique</a>, that is, the royal opera, which performed in the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal_(rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9)" title="Théâtre du Palais-Royal (rue Saint-Honoré)">Palais-Royal</a>. Between 1673 and 1687, he produced a new opera almost yearly and fiercely protected his monopoly over that new genre. </p><p>After Queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Marie-Thérèse</a>'s death in 1683 and the king's secret marriage to <a href="/wiki/Mme_de_Maintenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mme de Maintenon">Mme de Maintenon</a>, devotion came to the fore at court. The king's enthusiasm for opera dissipated; he was annoyed by Lully's dissolute life and homosexual encounters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce2002309–313,_339–340_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce2002309–313,_339–340-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lully had avoided getting too close to the secret homosexual grouping that had gathered in the court around the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Duke_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme">Duc de Vendôme</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Camille_d%27Hostun,_duc_de_Tallard" title="Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard">Comte de Tallard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Charles_de_Gramont,_3rd_Duke_of_Gramont" title="Antoine Charles de Gramont, 3rd Duke of Gramont">Duc de Gramont</a>. But in 1685 he was accused of improper relations with a page boy living in his household called Brunet. Brunet was removed after a police raid, and Lully escaped punishment.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, to show his general displeasure, Louis XIV made a point of not inviting Lully to perform <i><a href="/wiki/Armide_(Lully)" title="Armide (Lully)">Armide</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles">Versailles</a> the following year. </p><p>Lully died from <a href="/wiki/Gangrene" title="Gangrene">gangrene</a>, having struck his foot with his long conducting staff during a performance of his <i>Te Deum</i> to celebrate Louis XIV's recovery from surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce2002340–354_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce2002340–354-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He refused to have his toe amputated.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in gangrene propagating through his body and ultimately infecting the greater part of his brain, causing his death.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He died in Paris and was buried in the church of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Victoires,_Paris" title="Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, Paris">Notre-Dame-des-Victoires</a>, where his tomb with its marble bust can still be seen. All three of his sons (<a href="/wiki/Louis_Lully" title="Louis Lully">Louis Lully</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully_fils" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully fils">Jean-Baptiste Lully fils</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Lully" title="Jean-Louis Lully">Jean-Louis Lully</a>) had musical careers as successive <i>surintendants</i> of the King's Music. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_de_Poilly_the_Younger--Le_Parnasse_fran%C3%A7ais--Chateau_de_Versailles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Nicolas_de_Poilly_the_Younger--Le_Parnasse_fran%C3%A7ais--Chateau_de_Versailles.jpg/170px-Nicolas_de_Poilly_the_Younger--Le_Parnasse_fran%C3%A7ais--Chateau_de_Versailles.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Nicolas_de_Poilly_the_Younger--Le_Parnasse_fran%C3%A7ais--Chateau_de_Versailles.jpg/255px-Nicolas_de_Poilly_the_Younger--Le_Parnasse_fran%C3%A7ais--Chateau_de_Versailles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Nicolas_de_Poilly_the_Younger--Le_Parnasse_fran%C3%A7ais--Chateau_de_Versailles.jpg/340px-Nicolas_de_Poilly_the_Younger--Le_Parnasse_fran%C3%A7ais--Chateau_de_Versailles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2696" data-file-height="3592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Poilly_the_Younger" title="Nicolas de Poilly the Younger">Nicolas de Poilly the Younger</a>'s painting of Titon du Tillet's <i>French Parnassus</i>, 1723</figcaption></figure> <p>Lully himself was posthumously given a conspicuous place on <a href="/wiki/Titon_du_Tillet" class="mw-redirect" title="Titon du Tillet">Titon du Tillet</a>'s <i>Parnasse François</i> ("the French <a href="/wiki/Mount_Parnassus" title="Mount Parnassus">Mount Parnassus</a>"). In the engraving, he stands to the left, on the lowest level, his right arm extended and holding a scroll of paper with which to beat time. (The bronze ensemble has survived and is part of the collections of the Museum of Versailles.) Titon honored Lully as: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>the prince of French musicians, ... the inventor of that beautiful and grand French music, such as our operas and the grand pieces for voices and instruments that were only imperfectly known before him. He brought it [music] to the peak of perfection and was the father of our most illustrious musicians working in that musical form. ... Lully entertained the king infinitely, by his music, by the way he performed it, and by his witty remarks. The prince was also very fond of Lully and showered him with benefits in a most gracious way.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music,_style_and_influence"><span id="Music.2C_style_and_influence"></span>Music, style and influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Music, style and influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lully's music was written during the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Middle Baroque</a> period, 1650 to 1700. Typical of <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque music</a> is the use of the <i><a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">basso continuo</a></i> as the driving force behind the music. The pitch standard for the French opera at the time was about 392 Hz for A above middle C, a whole tone lower than modern practice where A is usually <a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">440 Hz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lully's music is known for its power, liveliness in its fast movements and its deep emotional character in its slower movements. Some of his most popular works are his <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">passacailles</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">passacaglias</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Chaconne" title="Chaconne">chaconnes</a>, which are dance movements found in many of his works such as <i><a href="/wiki/Armide_(Lully)" title="Armide (Lully)">Armide</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Pha%C3%ABton_(Lully)" title="Phaëton (Lully)">Phaëton</a></i>. </p><p>The influence of Lully's music produced a radical revolution in the style of the <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dances</a> of the court itself. In the place of the slow and stately movements which had prevailed until then, he introduced lively <a href="/wiki/Ballet_(music)" title="Ballet (music)">ballets</a> of rapid <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a>, often based on well-known dance types such as <a href="/wiki/Gavotte" title="Gavotte">gavottes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menuet" class="mw-redirect" title="Menuet">menuets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rigaudon" title="Rigaudon">rigaudons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarabande" title="Sarabande">sarabandes</a>. </p><p>Through his collaboration with playwright <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, a new music form emerged during the 1660s: the <i><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-ballet" title="Comédie-ballet">comédie-ballet</a></i> which combined theater, comedy, incidental music and ballet. The popularity of these plays, with their sometimes lavish special effects, and the success and publication of Lully's operas and its diffusion beyond the borders of France, played a crucial role in synthesizing, consolidating and disseminating orchestral organization, scorings, performance practices, and repertory. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27Portrait_of_several_musicians_and_artists%27_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_Puget_1688_-_Brunel_1980_p31.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%27Portrait_of_several_musicians_and_artists%27_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_Puget_1688_-_Brunel_1980_p31.jpg/290px-%27Portrait_of_several_musicians_and_artists%27_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_Puget_1688_-_Brunel_1980_p31.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%27Portrait_of_several_musicians_and_artists%27_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_Puget_1688_-_Brunel_1980_p31.jpg/435px-%27Portrait_of_several_musicians_and_artists%27_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_Puget_1688_-_Brunel_1980_p31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%27Portrait_of_several_musicians_and_artists%27_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_Puget_1688_-_Brunel_1980_p31.jpg/580px-%27Portrait_of_several_musicians_and_artists%27_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_Puget_1688_-_Brunel_1980_p31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3139" data-file-height="2084" /></a><figcaption><i>Portrait of Several Musicians and Artists</i> by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Puget" title="François Puget">François Puget</a>. Traditionally the two main figures have been identified as Lully and the librettist Philippe Quinault. (<a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The instruments in Lully's music were: five voices of strings such as <i><a href="/wiki/Dessus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dessus">dessus</a></i> (a higher range than soprano), <i><a href="/wiki/Haute-contre" title="Haute-contre">haute-contre</a></i> (the instrumental equivalent of the high tenor voice by that name), <i>taille</i> (<a href="/wiki/Baritenor" title="Baritenor">baritenor</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Quintus_(vocal_music)" title="Quintus (vocal music)">quinte</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">basse</a></i>, divided as follows: one voice of violins, three voices of violas, one voice of cello, and <i>basse de viole</i> (viole, viola da gamba). He also utilized guitar, <a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archlute" title="Archlute">archlute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theorbo" title="Theorbo">theorbo</a>, harpsichord, organ, oboe, bassoon, <a href="/wiki/Recorder_(musical_instrument)" title="Recorder (musical instrument)">recorder</a>, flute, brass instruments (natural trumpet) and various percussion instruments (<a href="/wiki/Castanets" title="Castanets">castanets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Neal_Zaslaw_1815_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neal_Zaslaw_1815-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is often credited with introducing new <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">instruments</a> into the orchestra, but this legend needs closer scrutiny. He continued to use recorders in preference to the newer transverse flute, and the "hautbois" he used in his orchestra were transitional instruments, somewhere between <a href="/wiki/Shawm" title="Shawm">shawms</a> and so-called Baroque <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Neal_Zaslaw_1815_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neal_Zaslaw_1815-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Repr%C3%A9sentation_d%27Alceste_de_Lully-Quinault,_Versailles,_f%C3%AAte_de_1674,_Le_Pautre_-_Gallica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Repr%C3%A9sentation_d%27Alceste_de_Lully-Quinault%2C_Versailles%2C_f%C3%AAte_de_1674%2C_Le_Pautre_-_Gallica.jpg/290px-Repr%C3%A9sentation_d%27Alceste_de_Lully-Quinault%2C_Versailles%2C_f%C3%AAte_de_1674%2C_Le_Pautre_-_Gallica.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Repr%C3%A9sentation_d%27Alceste_de_Lully-Quinault%2C_Versailles%2C_f%C3%AAte_de_1674%2C_Le_Pautre_-_Gallica.jpg/435px-Repr%C3%A9sentation_d%27Alceste_de_Lully-Quinault%2C_Versailles%2C_f%C3%AAte_de_1674%2C_Le_Pautre_-_Gallica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Repr%C3%A9sentation_d%27Alceste_de_Lully-Quinault%2C_Versailles%2C_f%C3%AAte_de_1674%2C_Le_Pautre_-_Gallica.jpg/580px-Repr%C3%A9sentation_d%27Alceste_de_Lully-Quinault%2C_Versailles%2C_f%C3%AAte_de_1674%2C_Le_Pautre_-_Gallica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4459" data-file-height="3184" /></a><figcaption>Jean-Baptiste Lully and Philippe Quinault's opera <i>Alceste</i> being performed in the marble courtyard at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>, 1674</figcaption></figure> <p>Lully created French-style opera as a musical genre (<i><a href="/wiki/Trag%C3%A9die_en_musique" title="Tragédie en musique">tragédie en musique</a></i> or <i>tragédie lyrique</i>). Concluding that Italian-style opera was inappropriate for the French language, he and his librettist, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Quinault" title="Philippe Quinault">Philippe Quinault</a>, a respected playwright, employed the same poetics that dramatists used for verse tragedies: the 12-syllable "<a href="/wiki/French_alexandrine" title="French alexandrine">alexandrine</a>" and the 10-syllable "heroic" poetic lines of the spoken theater were used for the <a href="/wiki/Recitative" title="Recitative">recitative</a> of Lully's operas and were perceived by their contemporaries as creating a very "natural" effect. Airs, especially if they were based on dances, were by contrast set to lines of less than 8 syllables.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanum2001''[[passim]]''_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanum2001''[[passim]]''-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lully also forsook the Italian method of dividing musical numbers into separate <i><a href="/wiki/Recitative" title="Recitative">recitatives</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">arias</a></i>, choosing instead to combine and intermingle the two, for dramatic effect. He and Quinault also opted for quicker story development, which was more to the taste of the French public. </p><p>Lully is credited with the invention in the 1650s of the <a href="/wiki/French_overture" title="French overture">French overture</a>, a form used extensively in the Baroque and Classical eras, especially by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">George Frideric Handel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lully's_works"><span id="Lully.27s_works"></span>Lully's works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lully's works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="List of compositions by Jean-Baptiste Lully">List of compositions by Jean-Baptiste Lully</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sacred_music">Sacred music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sacred music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lully's grand motets were written for the royal chapel, usually for vespers or for the King's daily Low Mass. Lully did not invent the genre, he built upon it. Grand motets often were psalm settings, but for a time during the 1660s Lully used texts written by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Perrin" title="Pierre Perrin">Pierre Perrin</a>, a neo-Latin poet. Lully's petit motets were probably composed for the nuns at the convent of the Assumption, rue Saint-Honoré. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><i>[6] Motets à deux chœurs pour la Chapelle du roi</i>, published 1684</li> <li><i>Miserere</i>, at court, winter 1664</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plaude_Laetare_Gallia" title="Plaude Laetare Gallia">Plaude laetare</a></i>, text by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Perrin" title="Pierre Perrin">Perrin</a>, April 7, 1668</li> <li><i>Te Deum</i>, at Fontainebleau, September 9, 1677</li> <li><i>De profundis</i>, May 1683</li> <li><i>Dies irae</i>, 1683</li> <li><i>Benedictus</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domine_salvum_fac_regem" title="Domine salvum fac regem">Domine salvum fac regem</a></i>, grand motet</li> <li><i>Exaudiat te Dominus</i>, grand motet, 1687</li> <li><i>Jubilate Deo</i>, grand motet, 1660?</li> <li><i>Notus in Judea Deux</i>, grand motet</li> <li><i>O lacrymae</i>, grand motet, text by Perrin, at Versailles, 1664</li> <li><i>Quare fremuerunt</i>, grand motet, at Versailles, April 19, 1685</li> <li>Petits motets: <i>Anima Christi</i>; <i>Ave coeli manus</i>, text by Perrin; <i>Dixit Dominus</i>; <i>Domine salvum</i>; <i>Laudate pueri</i>; <i>O dulcissime Domine</i>; <i>Omnes gentes</i>; <i>O sapientia</i>; <i>Regina coeli</i>; <i>Salve regina</i></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ballets_de_cour">Ballets de cour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ballets de cour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Lully began dancing and composing for court ballets, the genre blossomed and markedly changed in character. At first, as composer of instrumental music for the King's chamber, Lully wrote overtures, dances, dance-like songs, descriptive instrumental pieces such as combats, and parody-like récits with Italian texts. He was so captivated by the French overture that he wrote four of them for the <i>Ballet d'Alcidiane</i>. </p><p>The development of his instrumental style can be discerned in his <a href="/wiki/Chaconne" title="Chaconne">chaconnes</a>. He experimented with all types of compositional devices and found new solutions that he later exploited to the full in his operas. For example, the chaconne that ends the <i>Ballet de la Raillerie</i> (1659) has 51 couplets plus an extra free part; in <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Bourgeois_gentilhomme" title="Le Bourgeois gentilhomme">Le Bourgeois gentilhomme</a></i> (1670) he added a vocal line to the chaconne for the <i>Scaramouches</i>. </p><p>The first menuets appear in the <i>Ballet de la Raillerie</i> (1659) and the <i>Ballet de l'Impatience</i> (1661). In Lully's ballets one can also see the emergence of concert music, for example, pieces for voice and instruments that could be excerpted and performed alone and that prefigure his operatic airs: "Bois, ruisseau, aimable verdure" from the <i>Ballet des saisons</i> (1661), the lament "Rochers, vous êtes sourds" and Orpheus's sarabande "Dieu des Enfers", from the <i>Ballet de la naissance de Vénus</i> (1665). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><i>Ballet du Temps</i>, text by Benserade, at Louvre, November 30, 1654</li> <li><i>Ballet des plaisirs</i>, text by Benserade, at Louvre, February 4, 1655</li> <li><i>Le Grand Ballet des Bienvenus</i>, text by Benserade, at Compiègne, May 30, 1655</li> <li><i>Le Ballet de la Revente des habits</i>, text by Benserade, at court, January 6, 1655 (or 1661?)</li> <li><i>Ballet of Psyché ou de la puissance de l'Amour</i>, text by Benserade, at Louvre, January 16, 1656</li> <li><i>La Galanterie du temps, mascarade</i>, anonymous text, February 14, 1656</li> <li><i>L'Amour malade</i>, text by Buti, at Louvre, January 17, 1657</li> <li><i>Ballet royal d'Alcidiane</i>, Benserade, at court, February 14, 1658</li> <li><i>Ballet de la Raillerie</i>, text by Benserade, at court, February 19, 1659</li> <li>six ballet <i>entrées</i> serving as <i>intermèdes</i> to <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cavalli" title="Francesco Cavalli">Cavalli</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Xerse" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerse">Xerse</a></i>, at Louvre, November 22, 1660</li> <li><i>Ballet mascarade donné au roi à Toulouse</i>, April 1660</li> <li><i>Ballet royal de l'impatience</i>, text by Buti, at Louvre, February 19, 1661</li> <li><i>Ballet des Saisons</i>, text by Benserade, at Fontainebleau, July 23, 1661</li> <li>ballet danced between the acts of <i>Hercule amoureux</i>, text by Buti, at Tuileries, February 7, 1662</li> <li><i>Ballet des Arts</i>, text by Benserade, at Palais-Royal, January 8, 1663</li> <li><i>Les Noces du village, mascarade ridicule</i>, text by Benserade, at Vincennes, October 3, 1663</li> <li><i>Les Amours déguisés</i>, text by Périgny, at Palais-Royal, February 13, 1664</li> <li>incidental music between the acts of <i>Oedipe</i>, play by Pierre Corneille, Fontainebleau, August 3, 1664</li> <li><i>Mascarade du Capitaine ou l'Impromptu de Versailles</i>, anonymous text, at Palais-Royal, 1664 or February 1665</li> <li><i>Ballet royal de la Naissance de Vénus</i>, text by Benserade, at Palais-Royal, January 26, 1665</li> <li><i>Ballet des Gardes ou des Délices de la campagne</i>, anonymous text, 1665</li> <li><i>Le Triomphe de Bacchus, mascarade</i>, anonymous text, at court, January 9, 1666</li> <li><i>Ballet des Muses</i>, Benserade, at St-Germain-en-Laye, 1666</li> <li><i>Le Carneval, mascarade</i>, text by Benserade, at Louvre, January 18, 1668</li> <li><i>Ballet royal de Flore</i>, text by Benserade, at Tuileries, February 13, 1669</li> <li><i>Le Triomphe de l'Amour</i>, text by Benserade and Quinault, at St-Germain-en-Laye, December 2, 1681</li> <li><i>Le Temple de la Paix</i>, text by Quinault, at Fontainebleau, October 20, 1685</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_for_the_theater_(intermèdes)"><span id="Music_for_the_theater_.28interm.C3.A8des.29"></span>Music for the theater (intermèdes)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Music for the theater (intermèdes)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Interm%C3%A8de" title="Intermède">Intermèdes</a> became part of a new genre, the <i><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-ballet" title="Comédie-ballet">comédie-ballet</a></i>, in 1661, when Molière described them as "ornaments which have been mixed with the comedy" in his preface to <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_F%C3%A2cheux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Fâcheux (page does not exist)">Les Fâcheux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_F%C3%A2cheux" class="extiw" title="fr:Les Fâcheux">fr</a>]</span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Also, to avoid breaking the thread of the piece by these interludes, it was deemed advisable to weave the ballet in the best manner one could into the subject, and make but one thing of it and the play."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The music for the premiere of <i>Les Fâcheux</i> was composed by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beauchamp" title="Pierre Beauchamp">Pierre Beauchamp</a>, but Lully later provided a sung courante for act 1, scene 3.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell2000153_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell2000153-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Mariage_forc%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Mariage forcé (page does not exist)">Le Mariage forcé</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Mariage_forc%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Mariage forcé">fr</a>]</span></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Princesse_d%27%C3%89lide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Princesse d'Élide (page does not exist)">La Princesse d'Élide</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Princesse_d%27%C3%89lide" class="extiw" title="fr:La Princesse d'Élide">fr</a>]</span></i> (1664), intermèdes by Lully began to appear regularly in Molière's plays: for those performances there were six intermèdes, two at the beginning and two at the end, and one between each of the three acts. Lully's intermèdes reached their apogee in 1670–1671, with the elaborate incidental music he composed for <i>Le Bourgeois gentilhomme</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(play)" title="Psyché (play)">Psyché</a></i>. After his break with Molière, Lully turned to opera; but he collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a> for a fete at <a href="/wiki/Sceaux,_Hauts-de-Seine" title="Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine">Sceaux</a> in 1685, and with <a href="/wiki/Campistron" class="mw-redirect" title="Campistron">Campistron</a> for an entertainment at <a href="/wiki/Anet" title="Anet">Anet</a> in 1686. </p><p>Most of Molière's plays were first performed for the royal court. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><i>Les Fâcheux</i>, play by Molière, at Vaux-le-Vicomte, August 17, 1661<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Le Mariage forcé</i>, ballet, play by Molière, at Louvre, January 29, 1664</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Plaisirs_de_l%27Ile_enchant%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Plaisirs de l'Ile enchantée">Les Plaisirs de l'Ile enchantée</a></i>, play by Molière, at Versailles, May 7–12, 1664</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Amour_m%C3%A9decin" title="L'Amour médecin">L'Amour médecin</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-ballet" title="Comédie-ballet">comédie-ballet</a>, play by Molière, at Versailles, September 14, 1665</li> <li><i>La Pastorale comique</i>, play by Molière, at St-Germain-en-Laye, January 5, 1667</li> <li><i>Le Sicilien</i>, play by Molière, at St-Germain-en-Laye, February 14, 1667</li> <li><i>Le Grand Divertissement royal de Versailles</i> (<i>Georges Dandin</i>), play by Molière, at Versailles, August 18, 1668</li> <li><i>La Grotte de Versailles</i>, eclogue in music, play by Quinault, April (?) 1668</li> <li><i>Le Divertissement de Chambord</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_de_Pourceaugnac" title="Monsieur de Pourceaugnac">Monsieur de Pourceaugnac</a></i>), play by Molière, at Chambord, October 6, 1669</li> <li><i>Le Divertissement royal</i> (<i>Les Amants magnifiques</i>), play by Molière, at St-Germain-en-Laye, February 7, 1670</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Bourgeois_gentilhomme" title="Le Bourgeois gentilhomme">Le Bourgeois gentilhomme</a></i>, comédie-ballet, play by Molière, at Chambord, October 14, 1670</li> <li><i>Idylle sur la Paix</i>, text by Racine, at Sceaux, July 16, 1685</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operas">Operas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Operas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_arms_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.png/220px-Coat_of_arms_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_arms_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.png/330px-Coat_of_arms_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Coat_of_arms_-_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption>Lully's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Circle_of_Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_of_a_gentleman,_traditionally_said_to_be_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Circle_of_Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_of_a_gentleman%2C_traditionally_said_to_be_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg/220px-Circle_of_Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_of_a_gentleman%2C_traditionally_said_to_be_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Circle_of_Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_of_a_gentleman%2C_traditionally_said_to_be_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg/330px-Circle_of_Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_of_a_gentleman%2C_traditionally_said_to_be_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Circle_of_Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_of_a_gentleman%2C_traditionally_said_to_be_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg/440px-Circle_of_Pierre_Mignard_-_Portrait_of_a_gentleman%2C_traditionally_said_to_be_Jean-Baptiste_Lully.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2563" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of a gentleman, traditionally said to be Jean-Baptiste Lully, by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Mignard" title="Paul Mignard">Paul Mignard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With five exceptions, each of Lully's operas was described as a <i>tragédie mise en musique</i>, or tragedy set to music. The exceptions were: <i>Bellérophon</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cadmus_et_Hermione" title="Cadmus et Hermione">Cadmus et Hermione</a>, and <i>Psyché</i>, each called simply a <i>tragédie</i>; and <i>Les fêtes de l'Amour et de Bacchus</i>, described as a <i>pastorale</i>, and <i>Acis et Galathée</i>, which is a <i>pastorale héroïque</i>. (The term <i>tragédie lyrique</i> came later.) </p><p>With Lully, the point of departure was always a verse libretto, in most cases by the verse dramatist <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Quinault" title="Philippe Quinault">Philippe Quinault</a>. For the dance pieces, Lully would hammer out rough chords and a melody on the keyboard, and Quinault would invent words. For the recitative, Lully imitated the speech melodies and dramatic emphasis used by the best actors in the spoken theater. His attentiveness to transferring theatrical recitation to sung music shaped French opera and song for a century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705204,_212,_215,_218–219,_223–224_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705204,_212,_215,_218–219,_223–224-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanum20013,_34–35_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanum20013,_34–35-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike Italian opera of the day, which was rapidly moving toward <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_seria" title="Opera seria">opera seria</a></i> with its alternating recitative and <i>da capo</i> airs, in Lully's operas the focus was on drama, expressed by a variety of vocal forms: monologs, airs for two or three voices, <a href="/wiki/Rondo" title="Rondo">rondeaux</a> and French-style <i>da capo</i> airs where the chorus alternates with singers, sung dances, and <i>vaudeville</i> songs for a few secondary characters. In like manner the chorus performed in several combinations: the entire chorus, the chorus singing as duos, trios or quartets, the dramatic chorus, the dancing chorus. </p><p>The intrigue of the plot culminated in a vast tableau, for example, the sleep scene in <i>Atys</i>, the village wedding in <i>Roland</i>, or the funeral in <i>Alceste</i>. Soloists, chorus and dancers participated in this display, producing astonishing effects thanks to machinery. In contrast to Italian opera, the various instrumental genres were present to enrich the overall effect: French overture, dance airs, <i>rondeaux</i>, marches, "<i>simphonies</i>" that painted pictures, preludes, <i>ritournelles</i>. Collected into instrumental suites or transformed into trios, these pieces had enormous influence and affected instrumental music across Europe. </p><p>The earliest operas were performed at the indoor Bel Air tennis court (on the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace" title="Luxembourg Palace">Luxembourg Palace</a>) that Lully had converted into a theater. The first performance of later operas either took place at court, or in the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Palais-Royal_(rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9)" title="Théâtre du Palais-Royal (rue Saint-Honoré)">theater at the Palais-Royal</a>, which had been made available to Lully's Academy. Once premiered at court, operas were performed for the public at the Palais-Royal. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(play)" title="Psyché (play)">Psyché</a></i>, tragi-comedy, Molière, play by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Corneille" title="Pierre Corneille">Pierre Corneille</a> and Quinault, at the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Tuileries" title="Théâtre des Tuileries">Théâtre des Tuileries</a>, January 17, 1671</li> <li><i>Les Fêtes de l'Amour et de Bacchus</i>, pastoral, text by Quinault, Molière and Périgny, at the <a href="/wiki/Salle_du_Bel-Air" title="Salle du Bel-Air">Salle du Bel-Air</a>, a converted tennis court (<i><a href="/wiki/Jeu_de_paume" title="Jeu de paume">jeu de paume</a></i>), November 15 (?), 1672</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cadmus_et_Hermione" title="Cadmus et Hermione">Cadmus et Hermione</a></i>, tragedy by Quinault, at tennis court (<i>jeu de paume</i>) of Bel-Air, April 27 (?), 1673</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alceste_(Lully)" title="Alceste (Lully)">Alceste ou le Triomphe d'Alcide</a></i>, tragedy by Quinault, at tennis court (<i>jeu de paume</i>) of Bel-Air, January 19, 1674</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9s%C3%A9e_(Lully)" title="Thésée (Lully)">Thésée</a></i>, tragedy by Quinault, at St-Germain-en-Laye, January 11, 1675</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atys_(Lully)" title="Atys (Lully)">Atys</a></i>, tragedy by Quinault, at St-Germain-en-Laye, January 10, 1676</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isis_(Lully)" title="Isis (Lully)">Isis</a></i>, tragedy by Quinault ornamented by ballet <i>entrées</i>, at St-Germain-en-Laye, January 5, 1677</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(opera)" title="Psyché (opera)">Psyché</a></i>, tragedy by Quinault, Thomas Corneille and Fontanelle, at Palais-Royal, April 19, 1678</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bell%C3%A9rophon" title="Bellérophon">Bellérophon</a></i>, tragedy by Thomas Corneille, Fontenelle and Boileau, at Palais-Royal, January 31, 1679</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proserpine_(Lully)" title="Proserpine (Lully)">Proserpine</a></i>, tragedy by Quinault ornamented with ballet <i>entrées</i>, at St-Germain-en-Laye, February 3, 1680</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pers%C3%A9e_(Lully)" title="Persée (Lully)">Persée</a></i>, tragedy by Quinault, at Palais-Royal, April 18, 1682</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pha%C3%ABton_(Lully)" title="Phaëton (Lully)">Phaëton</a></i>, tragedy by Quinault, at Versailles, January 6, 1683</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amadis_(Lully)" title="Amadis (Lully)">Amadis</a></i>, tragedy by Quinault, at Palais-Royal, January 18, 1684</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roland_(Lully)" title="Roland (Lully)">Roland</a></i>, tragedy by Quinault, at Versailles (Grande Écurie), January 8, 1685</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Armide_(Lully)" title="Armide (Lully)">Armide</a></i>, tragedy by Quinault, 1686</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acis_et_Galat%C3%A9e" title="Acis et Galatée">Acis et Galatée</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Pastorale_h%C3%A9ro%C3%AFque" title="Pastorale héroïque">pastorale héroïque</a>, text by <a href="/wiki/Campistron" class="mw-redirect" title="Campistron">Campistron</a>, chateau of Anet, September 6, 1686</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achille_et_Polyx%C3%A8ne" title="Achille et Polyxène">Achille et Polyxène</a></i>, tragedy by Campistron, completed by <a href="/wiki/Colasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Colasse">Colasse</a>, at Palais-Royal, November 7 (or 23), 1687</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depictions_in_fiction">Depictions in fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Depictions in fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pruni%C3%A8res" title="Henry Prunières">Henry Prunières</a>'s 1929 novel <i>La Vie illustre et libertine de Jean-Baptiste Lully</i> (Paris: Plon) was the first 20th-century novel about Lully that raised supposed questions about the composer's "moral character."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Corbiau" title="Gérard Corbiau">Gérard Corbiau</a>'s 2000 film <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Roi_danse" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Roi danse">Le Roi danse</a></i> (<i>The King is dancing</i>) presents libertine and pagan Lully as a natural ally of Louis XIV in the King's conflicts with the Catholic establishment. The movie depicts Lully with a concealed romantic interest in the King.</li> <li>In 2011 the BBC's hit children's show <i>Horrible Histories</i> featured the death of Lully in the skit "Stupid Deaths" in a live show at the Prom.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LUUL</span>-ee</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">loo-<span style="font-size:90%">LEE</span></i></a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʒɑ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>batist<span class="wrap"> </span>lyli]</a></span>; born <b>Giovanni Battista Lulli</b>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[dʒoˈvanni<span class="wrap"> </span>batˈtista<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈlulli]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWatanabe1956" class="citation journal cs1">Watanabe, Ruth (Winter 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbscp.lib.rochester.edu/3429">"Some Dramatic Works of Lully"</a>. <i>University of Rochester Library Bulletin</i>. <b>11</b> (2)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 Nov</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Rochester+Library+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Some+Dramatic+Works+of+Lully&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Watanabe&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbscp.lib.rochester.edu%2F3429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Baptiste+Lully" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce200221–22-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce200221–22_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Gorce2002">La Gorce 2002</a>, pp. 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705183-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705183_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705">Le Cerf de La Viéville 1705</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Gorce2002">La Gorce 2002</a>, pp. 23–27. <a href="#CITEREFLe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705">Le Cerf de La Viéville 1705</a>, p. 184 erred in saying he was a <i>sous-marmiton</i>, a kitchen worker.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce200230–56-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce200230–56_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Gorce2002">La Gorce 2002</a>, pp. 30–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705184–185-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705184–185_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705">Le Cerf de La Viéville 1705</a>, pp. 184–185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Gorce2002">La Gorce 2002</a>, p. 56; compare this statement made by Mademoiselle herself with Le Cerf's comic and probably apocryphal tale (<a href="#CITEREFLe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705">Le Cerf de La Viéville 1705</a>, pp. 185–186).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce2002105–108,_129–131-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce2002105–108,_129–131_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Gorce2002">La Gorce 2002</a>, pp. 105–108, 129–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce200228–29,_115–119-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce200228–29,_115–119_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Gorce2002">La Gorce 2002</a>, pp. 28–29, 115–119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCourtaux1900" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Courtaux, Théodore (22 August 1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lU3by1jUAKAC&dq=%22Les+descendants+de+Lulli%22&pg=PA311">"Les descendants de Lulli"</a> [The Descendents of Lully]. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Interm%C3%A9diaire_des_chercheurs_et_curieux" title="L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux">L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux</a></i> (in French). <b>42</b> (895).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Interm%C3%A9diaire+des+chercheurs+et+curieux&rft.atitle=Les+descendants+de+Lulli&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=895&rft.date=1900-08-22&rft.aulast=Courtaux&rft.aufirst=Th%C3%A9odore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlU3by1jUAKAC%26dq%3D%2522Les%2Bdescendants%2Bde%2BLulli%2522%26pg%3DPA311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Baptiste+Lully" class="Z3988"></span> year 36; columns 312–314</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Gorce2002">La Gorce 2002</a>, pp. 88–91; and for the Petits Violons and the Grands Violons, see Bernard Bardet's articles in Marcelle Benoit, <i>Dictionnaire de la musique en France au XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles</i> (Paris: Fayard, 1992), pp. 724–728.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce2002309–313,_339–340-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce2002309–313,_339–340_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Gorce2002">La Gorce 2002</a>, pp. 309–313, 339–340.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Haggerty, <i>Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures</i> (2013), p554</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce2002340–354-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Gorce2002340–354_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Gorce2002">La Gorce 2002</a>, pp. 340–354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthonyHitchcockSadler1986" class="citation book cs1">Anthony, James R.; Hitchcock, H. Wiley; Sadler, Graham (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newgrovefrenchba00anth/page/16"><i>The New Grove French Baroque Masters: Lully, Charpentier, Lalande, Couperin, Rameau</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newgrovefrenchba00anth/page/16">16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393022862" title="Special:BookSources/0393022862"><bdi>0393022862</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+French+Baroque+Masters%3A+Lully%2C+Charpentier%2C+Lalande%2C+Couperin%2C+Rameau&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0393022862&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft.au=Hitchcock%2C+H.+Wiley&rft.au=Sadler%2C+Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewgrovefrenchba00anth%2Fpage%2F16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Baptiste+Lully" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maximilien Titon du Tillet, <i>Le Parnasse françois</i>, ed. of Paris, 1732, pp. 393–401.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The pipe organ tuning fork in Versailles Chapel in 1795 is 390 Hz, Nicholas Thistlethwaite; Geoffrey Webber, eds. (1999). The Cambridge Companion to the Organ. Cambridge University Press. p. 81. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107494039" title="Special:BookSources/9781107494039">9781107494039</a>. Concert pitch tended to creep higher in search of greater "brightness".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neal_Zaslaw_1815-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Neal_Zaslaw_1815_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Neal_Zaslaw_1815_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">For Lully's orchestra, see John Spitzer and <a href="/wiki/Neal_Zaslaw" title="Neal Zaslaw">Neal Zaslaw</a>, <i>The Birth of the Orchestra: History of an Institution</i>, 1650–1815. Chapter 3, "Lully's Orchestra"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanum2001''[[passim]]''-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanum2001''[[passim]]''_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanum2001">Ranum 2001</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Passim" class="mw-redirect" title="Passim">passim</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waterman, George Gow, and James R. Anthony. 2001. "French Overture". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i>, second edition, edited by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86107890/f22.image.r=.langEN">Preface to <i>Les Fâcheux</i> by Molière</a>: "ornements qu'on a mêlés avec la comédie."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86107890/f23.image.r=.langEN">Preface to <i>Les Fâcheux</i> by Molière</a>: "De sorte que pour ne point rompre aussi le fil de la Pièce, par ces manières d'intermedes, on s'avisa de les coudre au sujet du mieux que l'on put, & de ne faire qu'une seule chose du Ballet & de la Comedie". English translation from Henri Van Laun, <i>The Dramatic Works of Molière</i>, vol. 2, 1875, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/745054">745054</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowell2000153-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowell2000153_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPowell2000">Powell 2000</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lully provided a single courante for this work (<a href="#CITEREFPowell2000">Powell 2000</a>, p. 153).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705204,_212,_215,_218–219,_223–224-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705204,_212,_215,_218–219,_223–224_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705">Le Cerf de La Viéville 1705</a>, pp. 204, 212, 215, 218–219, 223–224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanum20013,_34–35-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanum20013,_34–35_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanum2001">Ranum 2001</a>, pp. 3, 34–35.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Gorce2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_de_La_Gorce" title="Jérôme de La Gorce">La Gorce, Jérôme de</a> (2002). <i>Jean-Baptiste Lully</i>. Paris: Fayard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jean-Baptiste+Lully&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=La+Gorce&rft.aufirst=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Baptiste+Lully" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Cerf_de_La_Viéville1705" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Laurent_Le_Cerf_de_La_Vi%C3%A9ville" title="Jean-Laurent Le Cerf de La Viéville">Le Cerf de La Viéville, Jean-Laurent</a> (1705). <i>Comparison de la musique italienne et de la musique françoise</i>. Vol. II. Brussels.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparison+de+la+musique+italienne+et+de+la+musique+fran%C3%A7oise&rft.place=Brussels&rft.date=1705&rft.aulast=Le+Cerf+de+La+Vi%C3%A9ville&rft.aufirst=Jean-Laurent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Baptiste+Lully" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell2000" class="citation book cs1">Powell, John S. (2000). <i>Music and Theatre in France, 1600–1680</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198165996" title="Special:BookSources/9780198165996"><bdi>9780198165996</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+and+Theatre+in+France%2C+1600%E2%80%931680&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780198165996&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Baptiste+Lully" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanum2001" class="citation book cs1">Ranum, Patricia M. (2001). <i>The Harmonic Orator</i>. Pendragon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Harmonic+Orator&rft.pub=Pendragon&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Ranum&rft.aufirst=Patricia+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Baptiste+Lully" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Couvreur, Manuel. <i>Jean-Baptiste Lully, Musique et dramaturgie au service du prince</i> (Brussels: Marc Voker, 1992).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tula_Giannini" title="Tula Giannini">Giannini, Tula</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280444844">"The Music Library of Jean-Baptiste Christophe Ballard, Sole Music Printer to the King of France, 1750 Inventory of his Grand Collection Brought to Light'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Pratt_Institute" title="Pratt Institute">Pratt Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ResearchGate&rft.atitle=The+Music+Library+of+Jean-Baptiste+Christophe+Ballard%2C+Sole+Music+Printer+to+the+King+of+France%2C+1750+Inventory+of+his+Grand+Collection+Brought+to+Light%27&rft.aulast=Giannini&rft.aufirst=Tula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F280444844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Baptiste+Lully" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Green, Robert A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glbtq.com/arts/lully_jb.html">"Lully, Jean-Baptiste"</a>. <i>glbtq Encyclopaedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Glbtq.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Glbtq.com">glbtq.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lully%2C+Jean-Baptiste&rft.btitle=glbtq+Encyclopaedia&rft.pub=glbtq.com&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glbtq.com%2Farts%2Flully_jb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Baptiste+Lully" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Heyer, John Hajdu, ed. (2000). <i>Lully Studies</i>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-62183-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-62183-6"><bdi>0-521-62183-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lully+Studies&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-521-62183-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Baptiste+Lully" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_de_La_Gorce" title="Jérôme de La Gorce">La Gorce, Jérôme de</a>. <i>L'Opéra à Paris au temps de Louis XIV, histoire d'un théâtre</i> (Paris: Desjonquères, 1992).</li> <li>Norman, Buford, <i>Touched by the Graces, the Libretti of Philippe Quinault in the Context of French Classicism</i> (Birmingham, AL: Summa, 2001).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Sadie, Stanley</a>; Rosow, Lois (1992). "Lully, Jean-Baptiste". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Opera">The New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a></i>. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-73432-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-73432-7"><bdi>0-333-73432-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lully%2C+Jean-Baptiste&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Opera&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-333-73432-7&rft.aulast=Sadie&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.au=Rosow%2C+Lois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Baptiste+Lully" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Schneider, Herbert. "Lully (les)", in Marcelle Benoit, ed., <i>Dictionnaire de la musique en France au XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles</i> (Paris: Fayard, 1992), pp. 414–419.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Scott, R. H. F. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jeanbaptistelull0000scot"><i>Jean-Baptiste Lully</i></a>. London: Peter Owen Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7206-0432-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7206-0432-X"><bdi>0-7206-0432-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jean-Baptiste+Lully&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Peter+Owen+Limited&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-7206-0432-X&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=R.+H.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjeanbaptistelull0000scot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJean-Baptiste+Lully" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Lully&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of an 1879 <i><a href="/wiki/American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="American Cyclopædia">American Cyclopædia</a></i> article about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Lully,_Jean_Baptiste" class="extiw" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Lully, Jean Baptiste">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jean-Baptiste_Lully" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jean-Baptiste Lully">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" class="extiw" title="choralwiki:Jean-Baptiste Lully">Free scores by Jean-Baptiste Lully</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Choral_Public_Domain_Library" title="Choral Public Domain Library">Choral Public Domain Library</a> (ChoralWiki)</li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Lully,_Jean-Baptiste" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Lully, Jean-Baptiste">Free scores by Jean-Baptiste Lully</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mutopia_Project" title="Mutopia Project">Mutopia Project</a> has compositions by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mutopiaproject.org/cgibin/make-table.cgi?Composer=LullyJB">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digital.library.unt.edu/browse/department/music/jblc/">Jean-Baptiste Lully Collection</a> at the University of North Texas</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Perrin" title="Pierre Perrin">Pierre Perrin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cambert" title="Robert Cambert">Robert Cambert</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> director of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Opera" title="Paris Opera">Académie royale de musique</a> </b><br />1672–1687 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Nicolas_de_Francine" title="Jean-Nicolas de Francine">Jean-Nicolas de Francine</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="/wiki/Template:Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Template:Jean-Baptiste Lully"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Template talk:Jean-Baptiste Lully"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jean-Baptiste Lully"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jean-Baptiste_Lully272" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="List of compositions by Jean-Baptiste Lully">List of compositions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cadmus_et_Hermione" title="Cadmus et Hermione">Cadmus et Hermione</a></i> (1673)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alceste_(Lully)" title="Alceste (Lully)">Alceste</a></i> (1674)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9s%C3%A9e_(Lully)" title="Thésée (Lully)">Thésée</a></i> (1675)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atys_(Lully)" title="Atys (Lully)">Atys</a></i> (1676)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isis_(Lully)" title="Isis (Lully)">Isis</a></i> (1677)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(opera)" title="Psyché (opera)">Psyché</a></i> (1678)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bell%C3%A9rophon" title="Bellérophon">Bellérophon</a></i> (1679)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proserpine_(Lully)" title="Proserpine (Lully)">Proserpine</a></i> (1680)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pers%C3%A9e_(Lully)" title="Persée (Lully)">Persée</a></i> (1682)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pha%C3%ABton_(Lully)" title="Phaëton (Lully)">Phaëton</a></i> (1683)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amadis_(Lully)" title="Amadis (Lully)">Amadis</a></i> (1684)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roland_(Lully)" title="Roland (Lully)">Roland</a></i> (1685)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Armide_(Lully)" title="Armide (Lully)">Armide</a></i> (1686)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acis_et_Galat%C3%A9e" title="Acis et Galatée">Acis et Galatée</a></i> (1686)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achille_et_Polyx%C3%A8ne" title="Achille et Polyxène">Achille et Polyxène</a></i> (completed 1687 by <a href="/wiki/Pascal_Collasse" title="Pascal Collasse">Collasse</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With Molière</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Amour_m%C3%A9decin" title="L'Amour médecin">L'Amour médecin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Dandin_ou_le_Mari_confondu" title="George Dandin ou le Mari confondu">George Dandin ou le Mari confondu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Bourgeois_gentilhomme" title="Le Bourgeois gentilhomme">Le Bourgeois gentilhomme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_de_Pourceaugnac" title="Monsieur de Pourceaugnac">Monsieur de Pourceaugnac</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(play)" title="Psyché (play)">Psyché</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Plaude_Laetare_Gallia" title="Plaude Laetare Gallia">Plaude Laetare Gallia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jubilate_Deo_omnis_terra" title="Jubilate Deo omnis terra">Jubilate Deo omnis terra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sons <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lully" title="Louis Lully">Louis Lully</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_(Lully)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcide (Lully)">Alcide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully_fils" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully fils">Jean-Baptiste Lully fils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Lully" title="Jean-Louis Lully">Jean-Louis Lully</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Quinault" title="Philippe Quinault">Philippe Quinault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Perrin" title="Pierre Perrin">Pierre Perrin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Royale_de_Musique" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie Royale de Musique">Académie Royale de Musique</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-ballet" title="Comédie-ballet">Comédie-ballet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_overture" title="French overture">French overture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interm%C3%A8de" title="Intermède">Intermède</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trag%C3%A9die_en_musique" title="Tragédie en musique">Tragédie en musique</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Compositions_by_Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Category:Compositions by Jean-Baptiste Lully">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baroque_music854" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baroque_music" title="Template:Baroque music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baroque_music" title="Template talk:Baroque music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baroque_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baroque music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baroque_music854" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Baroque_composers" title="List of Baroque composers">List of Baroque composers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transition_from_Renaissance_to_Baroque_in_instrumental_music" title="Transition from Renaissance to Baroque in instrumental music">Transitional</a><br />and early (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1600)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Allegri" title="Gregorio Allegri">Allegri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Caccini" title="Giulio Caccini">G. Caccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rodrigues_Coelho" title="Manuel Rodrigues Coelho">Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dowland" title="John Dowland">J. Dowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Franck" title="Melchior Franck">Franck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Frescobaldi" title="Girolamo Frescobaldi">Frescobaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gabrieli" title="Giovanni Gabrieli">Gabrieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Galilei" title="Vincenzo Galilei">V. Galilei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gibbons" title="Christopher Gibbons">C. Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Gibbons" title="Orlando Gibbons">O. Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismondo_d%27India" title="Sigismondo d'India">d'India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Girolamo_Kapsperger" title="Giovanni Girolamo Kapsperger">Kapsberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Landi" title="Stefano Landi">Landi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lawes" title="William Lawes">Lawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_V%C3%A1clav_Michna_z_Otradovic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Václav Michna z Otradovic">Michna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarquinio_Merula" title="Tarquinio Merula">Merula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Monteverdi" title="Claudio Monteverdi">Monteverdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Peri" title="Jacopo Peri">Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Praetorius" title="Michael Praetorius">M. Praetorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Rossi" title="Luigi Rossi">Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Scheidt" title="Samuel Scheidt">Scheidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Hermann_Schein" title="Johann Hermann Schein">Schein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Sch%C3%BCtz" title="Heinrich Schütz">Schütz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Pieterszoon_Sweelinck" title="Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck">Sweelinck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1650)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cataldo_Amodei" title="Cataldo Amodei">Amodei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Henri_d%27Anglebert" title="Jean-Henri d'Anglebert">d'Anglebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Bassani" title="Giovanni Battista Bassani">Bassani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Ignaz_Franz_Biber" title="Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber">H. I. F. Biber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Blow" title="John Blow">Blow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieterich_Buxtehude" title="Dieterich Buxtehude">Buxtehude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Cabanilles" title="Juan Bautista Cabanilles">Cabanilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Carissimi" title="Giacomo Carissimi">Carissimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cavalli" title="Francesco Cavalli">Cavalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cesti" title="Antonio Cesti">Cesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Charpentier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Clarke" title="Jeremiah Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcangelo_Corelli" title="Arcangelo Corelli">Corelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Diletsky" title="Nikolay Diletsky">Diletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Froberger" title="Johann Jakob Froberger">Froberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Caspar_Kerll" title="Johann Caspar Kerll">Kerll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Legrenzi" title="Giovanni Legrenzi">Legrenzi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J.-B. Lully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_Marais" title="Marin Marais">M. Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Muffat" title="Georg Muffat">Muffat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Pachelbel" title="Johann Pachelbel">J. Pachelbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Playford" title="John Playford">J. Playford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Purcell" title="Henry Purcell">H. Purcell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Adam_Reincken" title="Johann Adam Reincken">Reincken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Sabini" title="Nicola Sabini">Sabini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Sanz" title="Gaspar Sanz">Sanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Scarlatti" title="Alessandro Scarlatti">A. Scarlatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Stradella" title="Alessandro Stradella">Stradella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Strozzi" title="Barbara Strozzi">Strozzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Torelli" title="Giuseppe Torelli">Torelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Torrej%C3%B3n_y_Velasco" title="Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco">Torrejón y Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Josef_Vejvanovsk%C3%BD" title="Pavel Josef Vejvanovský">Vejvanovský</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_Baroque_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Baroque (music)">Late</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1700)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomaso_Albinoni" title="Tomaso Albinoni">Albinoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">J. S. Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bodin_de_Boismortier" title="Joseph Bodin de Boismortier">Bodin de Boismortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bononcini" title="Giovanni Bononcini">G. B. Bononcini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Caldara" title="Antonio Caldara">Caldara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Campra" title="André Campra">Campra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Couperin" title="François Couperin">F. Couperin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Richard_Delalande" title="Michel Richard Delalande">Delalande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Fasch" title="Johann Friedrich Fasch">Fasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Caspar_Ferdinand_Fischer" title="Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joseph_Fux" title="Johann Joseph Fux">Fux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Geminiani" title="Francesco Geminiani">Geminiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_Gerwazy_Gorczycki" title="Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki">Gorczycki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Graupner" title="Christoph Graupner">Graupner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">Handel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_David_Heinichen" title="Johann David Heinichen">Heinichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Jacquet_de_La_Guerre" title="Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre">Jacquet de La Guerre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Leclair" title="Jean-Marie Leclair">Leclair l'aîné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Locatelli" title="Pietro Locatelli">Locatelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Lotti" title="Antonio Lotti">Lotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Marcello" title="Alessandro Marcello">A. Marcello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Pepusch" title="Johann Christoph Pepusch">Pepusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Pergolesi" title="Giovanni Battista Pergolesi">Pergolesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Pisendel" title="Johann Georg Pisendel">Pisendel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Porpora" title="Nicola Porpora">Porpora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Quantz" title="Johann Joachim Quantz">Quantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Philippe_Rameau" title="Jean-Philippe Rameau">Rameau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Scarlatti" title="Domenico Scarlatti">D. Scarlatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Seixas" title="Carlos Seixas">Seixas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tartini" title="Giuseppe Tartini">Tartini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Philipp_Telemann" title="Georg Philipp Telemann">Telemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Vinci" title="Leonardo Vinci">Vinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi">Vivaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvius_Leopold_Weiss" title="Sylvius Leopold Weiss">Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Dismas_Zelenka" title="Jan Dismas Zelenka">Zelenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Zumaya" title="Manuel de Zumaya">de Zumaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galant_music" title="Galant music">Galant</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1720)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arne" title="Thomas Arne">Arne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach" title="Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach">C. P. E. Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Bach" title="Johann Christian Bach">J. C. Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Friedemann_Bach" title="Wilhelm Friedemann Bach">W. F. Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Benda" title="Franz Benda">F. Benda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Boccherini" title="Luigi Boccherini">Boccherini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Boyce_(composer)" title="William Boyce (composer)">Boyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Brixi" title="František Brixi">F. Brixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Corrette" title="Michel Corrette">Corrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldassare_Galuppi" title="Baldassare Galuppi">Galuppi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Adolph_Hasse" title="Johann Adolph Hasse">Hasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Martini" title="Giovanni Battista Martini">Padre Martini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Myslive%C4%8Dek" title="Josef Mysliveček">Mysliveček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_de_Mondonville" title="Jean-Joseph de Mondonville">Mondonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">L. Mozart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Quantz" title="Johann Joachim Quantz">Quantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Sammartini" title="Giovanni Battista Sammartini">Sammartini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Soler" title="Antonio Soler">Soler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Philipp_Telemann" title="Georg Philipp Telemann">Telemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Zach" title="Jan Zach">Zach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baroque_instruments" title="Baroque instruments">Musical<br />Instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavichord" title="Clavichord">clavichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornett" title="Cornett">cornett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_flute" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque flute">flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortepiano" title="Fortepiano">fortepiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_guitar" title="Baroque guitar">guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautenwerck" title="Lautenwerck">lautenwerck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recorder_(musical_instrument)" title="Recorder (musical instrument)">recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sackbut" title="Sackbut">sackbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theorbo" title="Theorbo">theorbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_trumpet" title="Baroque trumpet">trumpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">viol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">viola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_violin" title="Baroque violin">violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violone" title="Violone">violone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_orchestra" title="Baroque orchestra">Baroque orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basso_continuo" title="Basso continuo">Basso continuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ballet" title="French ballet">ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantata" title="Cantata">cantata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(music)" title="Canon (music)">canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canzona" title="Canzona">canzona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canzonetta" title="Canzonetta">canzonetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(music)" title="Capriccio (music)">capriccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaconne" title="Chaconne">chaconne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_17th-century_chaconnes" title="List of 17th-century chaconnes">17th-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_18th-century_chaconnes" title="List of 18th-century chaconnes">18th-century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorale" title="Chorale">chorale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concertato" title="Concertato">concertato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto" title="Concerto">concerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto_grosso" title="Concerto grosso">concerto grosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_dance" title="Baroque dance">dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courante" title="Courante">courante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavotte" title="Gavotte">gavotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigue" title="Gigue">gigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuet" title="Minuet">minuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">passacaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarabande" title="Sarabande">sarabande</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasia (music)">fantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">folia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugue" title="Fugue">fugue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grands_motets" class="mw-redirect" title="Grands motets">grand motet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrigal" title="Madrigal">madrigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera#The_Baroque_era" title="Opera">opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_(music)" title="Prelude (music)">prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recitative" title="Recitative">recitative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricercar" title="Ricercar">ricercar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_da_chiesa" title="Sonata da chiesa">sonata da chiesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suite_(music)" title="Suite (music)">suite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_music_of_the_British_Isles" title="Baroque music of the British Isles">British Baroque music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">counterpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_music_revival" title="Early music revival">early music revival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music_festivals" title="Early music festivals">festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_music_ensembles" title="List of early music ensembles">ensembles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historically_informed_performance" title="Historically informed performance">historically informed performance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figured_bass" title="Figured bass">Figured bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_baroque" title="Folk baroque">Folk baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monody" title="Monody">monody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_in%C3%A9gales" title="Notes inégales">notes inégales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_polychoral_style" title="Venetian polychoral style">polychoral style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_bris%C3%A9" title="Style brisé">Style brisé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galant_Schemata" title="Galant Schemata">Galant Schemata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_practice_period" title="Common practice period">Common practice period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_dance" title="Baroque dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_painting" title="Baroque painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_sculpture" title="Baroque sculpture">Sculpture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"> ← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Renaissance_music" title="Template:Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a></b></div><div style="float: right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Classical_period_(music)" title="Template:Classical period (music)">Classical music</a></b> → </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Baroque_music" title="Category:Baroque music">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4322" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4322" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120991997">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/13099537">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/38471/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwdjw9FW8TFDvMQ3VdG73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118575287">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lully, Jean-Baptiste, 1632-1687"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79072787">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13896861p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13896861p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01055948">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lully, Jean-Baptiste <1632-1687>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V454252">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35203424">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990005226&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX898232">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/276629">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070174970">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90351342">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000039708&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/75kmngcr4r501lk">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810548193905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/82201">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007264590705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000199937">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058519717406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14319762">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08491176?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/7f9989b0-8f5e-41dd-bbab-1fff052609e3">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102411">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118575287">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030819318">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bk1d8q">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/132446">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output 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