CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>金属 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"c51c9451-f156-4262-9596-6428c37010b2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"金属","wgTitle":"金属","wgCurRevisionId":83271523,"wgRevisionId":83271523,"wgArticleId":20403,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1英语来源 (en)","使用ISBN魔术链接的页面","有未列明来源语句的条目","包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目","金属","金属元素","金属材料"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"金属","wgRelevantArticleId":20403,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable": true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"金属元素","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q11426","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hot_metalwork.jpg/1200px-Hot_metalwork.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="872"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hot_metalwork.jpg/800px-Hot_metalwork.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="582"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hot_metalwork.jpg/640px-Hot_metalwork.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="465"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="金属 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-金属 rootpage-金属 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-結構及键結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#結構及键結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>結構及键結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-結構及键結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-自由电子与金属性质的关系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自由电子与金属性质的关系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>自由电子与金属性质的关系</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自由电子与金属性质的关系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-金属分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金属分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>金属分类</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-金属分类-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关金属分类子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-金属分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-黑色金屬及有色金屬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#黑色金屬及有色金屬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>黑色金屬及有色金屬</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-黑色金屬及有色金屬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-重金屬及輕金屬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重金屬及輕金屬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>重金屬及輕金屬</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重金屬及輕金屬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-卑金属和貴金屬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#卑金属和貴金屬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>卑金属和貴金屬</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-卑金属和貴金屬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-貴重金屬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#貴重金屬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>貴重金屬</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-貴重金屬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-金屬的提取" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金屬的提取"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>金屬的提取</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-金屬的提取-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-金属之最" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金属之最"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>金属之最</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-金属之最-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-五金" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#五金"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>五金</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-五金-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-合金" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#合金"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>合金</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-合金-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关条目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关条目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>相关条目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关条目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">金属</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。164种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-164" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">164种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Metaal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Metalle" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alata" title="Alata – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Alata" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="فلز – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="فيليز – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فيليز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86" title="معدن – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معدن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="ধাতু – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ধাতু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="فیلیز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیلیز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Металдар – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Металдар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoi" title="Metoi – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Metoi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals" title="Metals – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Metals" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Металы – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Металы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мэтал – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэтал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Метал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="သတ္တု – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သတ္တု" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="ধাতু – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধাতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k" title="Gĭng-sṳ̆k – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gĭng-sṳ̆k" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%BE%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%B1%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎦᏂᏱᏍᎩ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎦᏂᏱᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="کانزا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کانزا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovy" title="Kovy – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kovy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Металсем – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Металсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metel" title="Metel – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Metel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metalle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Μέταλλα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέταλλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met%C3%A2l" title="Metâl – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Metâl" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalo" title="Metalo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallid" title="Metallid – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metallid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="فلز – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalli" title="Metalli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metalli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakumea" title="Kakumea – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kakumea" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tal" title="Métal – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miotal" title="Miotal – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Miotal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="金屬 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="金屬" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tal" title="Métal – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Métal" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatailt" title="Meatailt – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Meatailt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="فلز – 吉拉基文" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فلز" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="吉拉基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepoti" title="Kuarepoti – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepoti" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81" title="ધાતુ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ધાતુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98arfe" title="Ƙarfe – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƙarfe" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AEm-su%CC%8Dk" title="Kîm-su̍k – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kîm-su̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%AA" title="מתכת – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתכת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="धातु – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="धातु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaatu" title="Dhaatu – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dhaatu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovine" title="Kovine – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kovine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9mek" title="Fémek – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fémek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2" title="Մետաղ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մետաղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2" title="Մետաղ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մետաղ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallo" title="Metallo – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Metallo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalle" title="Metalle – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Metalle" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Маьхалаш – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Маьхалаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalo" title="Metalo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Metalo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lmur" title="Málmur – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málmur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallo" title="Metallo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metallo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="金属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinme" title="jinme – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ლითონები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლითონები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asin" title="Asin – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91%C9%A9%C9%A3l%C9%A9m_n%C9%A9%C9%A3y%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Ñɩɣlɩm nɩɣyʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ñɩɣlɩm nɩɣyʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Металдар – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Металдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B9" title="ಲೋಹ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೋಹ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D" title="금속 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="داتھ – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="داتھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanza" title="Kanza – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kanza" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A7%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Кӧртулов – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кӧртулов" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Металл – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Металл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallum" title="Metallum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metallum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Metaal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalai" title="Metalai – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Metalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met%C4%81li" title="Metāli – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Metāli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaly" title="Metaly – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Metaly" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Метал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="ലോഹം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോഹം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Металл – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Металл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82" title="धातू – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="धातू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="သတ္တု – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတ္တု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Кшнипонат – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кшнипонат" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Metaal" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="धातु – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="धातु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="धातु – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="धातु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Metaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9ta" title="Méta – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Méta" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibiila" title="Sibiila – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sibiila" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%81" title="ଧାତୁ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଧାତୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B3%D1%8A%C3%A6%D1%80" title="Згъæр – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Згъæр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਧਾਤ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧਾਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metale" title="Metale – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metale" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دھات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دھات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B2" title="فلز – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فلز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27illay" title="Q'illay – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'illay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalu" title="Metalu – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Metalu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Металлы – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Металлы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Ков – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ков" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Метал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitallu" title="Mitallu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mitallu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%84" title="ලෝහ – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලෝහ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kov" title="Kov – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovina" title="Kovina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kovina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbi" title="Simbi – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Simbi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir" title="Bir – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalet" title="Metalet – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Metalet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Метал – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Метал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logam" title="Logam – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Logam" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metali" title="Metali – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Metali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உலோகம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உலோகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="లోహాలు – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లోహాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0" title="โลหะ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลหะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Металлдар – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Металлдар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مېتال – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مېتال" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Метали – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Метали" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="دھات – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دھات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallar" title="Metallar – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Metallar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta%C5%82i" title="Metałi – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Metałi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metall" title="Metall – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Metall" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i" title="Kim loại – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kim loại" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Metal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="金属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-metal" title="I-metal – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-metal" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="מעטאל – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעטאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B9%CC%81t%C3%A0l%C3%AC" title="Mẹ́tàlì – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mẹ́tàlì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="金屬 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="金屬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim-sio%CC%8Dk" title="Kim-sio̍k – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kim-sio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="金屬 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="金屬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkimbi" title="Inkimbi – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inkimbi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11426#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&oldid=83271523" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&id=83271523&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2587%2591%25E5%25B1%259E"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2587%2591%25E5%25B1%259E"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Metals" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" hreflang="zh"><span>维基学院</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11426" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-f683ec12" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="金属元素">金属元素</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-f683ec12" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Chemistry"></div></div></div> <table style="float:right; background:#f8f8f8; padding:2px; border:1px solid #a9a9a9; margin:0 0 0.25em 0.5em; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; padding:2px 4px; font-size:90%; line-height:110%; border:none;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="元素週期表">元素週期表</a>中的金属元素</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="margin:0; padding:0;"><div style="width:100%;"><div style="margin:0 auto;"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table class="nogrid Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show;padding:0; border: none;border-spacing:1px;border-collapse:separate;margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83953186">.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav span{display:block;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav td{border:none;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#ff6666}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_predicted{background-color:#ffa1a1}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth .navbox-title{background-color:#ffdead}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth_predicted{background-color:#ffecd3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide{background-color:#ffbfff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide{background-color:#ff99cc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_superactinides{background-color:#b5c8ff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_superactinides_predicted{background-color:#d1ddff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_eka_superactinide{background-color:#a0e032}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_eka_superactinide_predicted{background-color:#c6dd9d}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition .navbox-title{background-color:#ffc0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition_predicted{background-color:#ffe2e2}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition{background-color:#cccccc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition_predicted{background-color:#dfdfdf}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid{background-color:#cccc99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid_predicted{background-color:#e2e2aa}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_diatomic{background-color:#e7ff8f}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_diatomic_predicted{background-color:#F3FFC7}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_polyatomic{background-color:#a1ffc3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_polyatomic_predicted{background-color:#d0ffe1}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal{background-color:#a0ffa0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal_predicted{background-color:#d3ffd3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen{background-color:#ffff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen_predicted{background-color:#ffffd6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas{background-color:#c0ffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas_predicted{background-color:#ddffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom_predicted{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_no_electron{background-color:#d0d0d0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block{background-color:#ff6699}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block_predicted{background-color:#FBD}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block{background-color:#99ccff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block_predicted{background-color:#CEF}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block{background-color:#ccff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block_predicted{background-color:#DFC}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block{background-color:#90ffb0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block_predicted{background-color:#C7FFD7}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block{background-color:#66ffcc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block_predicted{background-color:#BFE}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block{background-color:#ffcc66}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block_predicted{background-color:#FDA}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block{background-color:#F0908C}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block_predicted{background-color:#F0B6B4}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown{background-color:#e8e8e8}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_error_type{background-color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_null{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_maybe_not_exist{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_none_type{background-color:#c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_gas{color:green}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_liquid{color:blue}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_solid{color:black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknow_phase{color:grey}</style><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢"><span title="氫（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氫（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦"><span title="氦（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氦（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂"><span title="鋰（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鋰（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍"><span title="鈹（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈹（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼"><span title="硼（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硼（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳"><span title="碳（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碳（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮"><span title="氮（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氮（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧"><span title="氧（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氧（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟"><span title="氟（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氟（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖"><span title="氖（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氖（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠"><span title="鈉（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈉（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁"><span title="鎂（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鎂（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝"><span title="鋁（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鋁（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅"><span title="矽（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">矽（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷"><span title="磷（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">磷（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫"><span title="硫（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硫（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯"><span title="氯（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氯（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩"><span title="氬（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氬（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾"><span title="鉀（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉀（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙"><span title="鈣（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈣（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪"><span title="鈧（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈧（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛"><span title="鈦（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈦（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒"><span title="釩（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">釩（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬"><span title="鉻（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉻（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰"><span title="錳（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">錳（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁"><span title="鐵（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鐵（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴"><span title="鈷（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈷（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍"><span title="鎳（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鎳（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜"><span title="銅（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">銅（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌"><span title="鋅（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鋅（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓"><span title="鎵（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鎵（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗"><span title="鍺（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍺（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷"><span title="砷（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">砷（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒"><span title="硒（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硒（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴"><span title="溴（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">溴（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪"><span title="氪（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氪（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷"><span title="銣（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">銣（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶"><span title="鍶（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鍶（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇"><span title="釔（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">釔（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆"><span title="鋯（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鋯（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌"><span title="鈮（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈮（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼"><span title="鉬（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉬（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝"><span title="鎝（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鎝（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌"><span title="釕（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">釕（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑"><span title="銠（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">銠（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯"><span title="鈀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀"><span title="銀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">銀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉"><span title="鎘（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鎘（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟"><span title="銦（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">銦（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡"><span title="錫（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">錫（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑"><span title="銻（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銻（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲"><span title="碲（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碲（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘"><span title="碘（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碘（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙"><span title="氙（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氙（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯"><span title="銫（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">銫（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡"><span title="鋇（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鋇（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧"><span title="鑭（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鑭（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈"><span title="鈰（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈰（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨"><span title="鐠（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鐠（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕"><span title="釹（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">釹（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷"><span title="鉕（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉕（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐"><span title="釤（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">釤（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕"><span title="銪（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">銪（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆"><span title="釓（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">釓（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽"><span title="鋱（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鋱（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝"><span title="鏑（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鏑（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬"><span title="鈥（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈥（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒"><span title="鉺（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉺（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥"><span title="銩（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">銩（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱"><span title="鐿（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鐿（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥"><span title="鎦（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鎦（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪"><span title="鉿（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉿（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽"><span title="鉭（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉭（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨"><span title="鎢（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鎢（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼"><span title="錸（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">錸（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇"><span title="鋨（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鋨（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱"><span title="銥（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">銥（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂"><span title="鉑（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉑（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金"><span title="金（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">金（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞"><span title="汞（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">汞（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊"><span title="鉈（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉈（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅"><span title="鉛（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉛（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋"><span title="鉍（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉍（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋"><span title="釙（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">釙（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹"><span title="砈（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">砈（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡"><span title="氡（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氡（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫"><span title="鍅（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鍅（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭"><span title="鐳（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鐳（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕"><span title="錒（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">錒（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍"><span title="釷（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">釷（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤"><span title="鏷（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鏷（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾"><span title="鈾（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈾（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎"><span title="錼（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">錼（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚"><span title="鈽（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈽（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅"><span title="鋂（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鋂（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔"><span title="鋦（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鋦（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫"><span title="鉳（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉳（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎"><span title="鉲（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鉲（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿"><span title="鑀（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鑀（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄"><span title="鐨（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鐨（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔"><span title="鍆（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鍆（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘"><span title="鍩（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鍩（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒"><span title="鐒（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鐒（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪"><span title="鑪（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鑪（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀"><span title="𨧀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">𨧀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎"><span title="𨭎（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">𨭎（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏"><span title="𨨏（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">𨨏（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆"><span title="𨭆（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">𨭆（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑"><span title="䥑（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">䥑（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽"><span title="鐽（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐽（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀"><span title="錀（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錀（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶"><span title="鎶（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鎶（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨"><span title="鉨（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉨（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇"><span title="鈇（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鈇（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆"><span title="鏌（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鏌（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝"><span title="鉝（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉝（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬"><span title="鿬（預測為鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鿬（預測為鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫"><span title="鿫（預測為惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鿫（預測為惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hot_metalwork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hot_metalwork.jpg/250px-Hot_metalwork.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hot_metalwork.jpg/375px-Hot_metalwork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hot_metalwork.jpg/500px-Hot_metalwork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>锻铁厂内烧红的金属</figcaption></figure> <p><b>金属</b>是一种具有光泽（对<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E5%85%89" title="可见光">可见光</a>强烈<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="反射 (物理学)">反射</a>）、富有<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%B1%95%E6%80%A7" title="延展性">延展性</a>、容易<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="导电">导电</a>、传热等性质的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="物质">物质</a><sup id="cite_ref-袁運開2005_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-袁運開2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。金属的上述特质都跟金属<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶体">晶体</a>内含有自由<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">电子</a>有关。由於金屬的電子傾向脫離，因此具有良好的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E7%94%B5%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="导电性">導電性</a>，且金属<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="元素">元素</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="化合物">化合物</a>中通常帶正价電，但當<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="溫度">溫度</a>變高時，因為受到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>的熱震盪阻礙，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%98%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="電阻">電阻</a>將會變大。金屬分子之間的連結是<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬鍵">金屬鍵</a>，因此隨意更換位置都可再重新建立連結，這也是金屬伸展性良好的原因之一。由于其生物相容性，锌金属已被考虑用于制造骨科植入物。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="元素週期表">元素週期表</a>中超過四分之三的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>都屬於金屬，其中較為一般人所知的有<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁">鋁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="錫">錫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%85" class="mw-redirect" title="鋅">鋅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鈉">鈉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="鈣">鈣</a>等。在一<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大气压">大氣壓</a>及25<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E6%B0%8F%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="攝氏度">攝氏度</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%B8%A9" title="常温">常温</a>下，只有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞</a>不是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="固體">固體</a>，而是呈現<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="液態">液態</a>，其他金属都是固體。大部分金屬元素的單質為銀白色至銀灰色，只有極少數例外，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>為耀眼的黃色、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>為紅棕色，<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">铯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">锇</a>則分別在銀色中帶有些微淡黃色及藍色光澤等<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在自然界中，絶大多數金屬都是以化合態存在，少數化學性質較不活潑的金屬例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="铂族元素">鉑族元素</a>可以以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E7%A6%BB%E6%80%81" title="游离态">游離態</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="單質">單質</a>）存在，稱作<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然金屬" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Native metals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然金屬（页面不存在）">自然金屬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_metals" class="extiw" title="en:Native metals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Native metals</span></a></span>）</span></span>。金屬礦物多數是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="硫化物">硫化物</a>。其他存在形式有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氯化物">氯化物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="硫酸鹽">硫酸鹽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="碳酸鹽">碳酸鹽</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="矽酸鹽">矽酸鹽</a>。 </p><p>在一些個別的領域中，金屬的定義會有些不同。例如因為<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="恆星">恆星</a>的主要成份是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>，天文學中，就把所有其他密度較高的元素都統稱為「金屬」。因此<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="物理宇宙学">物理宇宙學</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%87%8F" title="金屬量">金屬量</a>是指其他元素的總含量<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外，有許多一般不會分類為金屬的元素或化合物，在高壓下會有類似金屬的特質，稱為「金屬性的同素異形體」。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="結構及键結"><span id=".E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B.E5.8F.8A.E9.94.AE.E7.B5.90"></span>結構及键結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：結構及键結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Close_packing_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Close_packing_box.svg/220px-Close_packing_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="477" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Close_packing_box.svg/330px-Close_packing_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Close_packing_box.svg/440px-Close_packing_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="2438" /></a><figcaption>六方最密堆積及面心立方堆積</figcaption></figure> <p>金属晶體中的原子緊密排列，排列方式可分為以下的三種：第一種是<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E5%BF%83%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E5%A0%86%E7%A9%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="體心立方堆積">體心立方堆積</a>，每個原子排在八個原子之間，第二種是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%BF%83%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E5%A0%86%E7%A9%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="面心立方堆積">面心立方堆積</a>，每個原子排在六個原子之間，第三種則為<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E6%9C%80%E5%AF%86%E5%A0%86%E7%A9%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="六方最密堆積">六方最密堆積</a>，每個原子排在六個原子之間。這些原子的排列會形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="晶體">晶體</a>，有些金屬會依溫度不同，其晶體也隨之不同<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>金属原子容易失去外層電子，因此在其晶體外面有一層電子雲，這也是金屬是電和熱的良導體的原因。當電子移動時，金屬的固體特性是來自電子雲和原子之間的靜電力，這種鍵結稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E9%94%AE" title="金属键">金属鍵</a><sup id="cite_ref-morty_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morty-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="自由电子与金属性质的关系"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E7.94.B1.E7.94.B5.E5.AD.90.E4.B8.8E.E9.87.91.E5.B1.9E.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8.E7.9A.84.E5.85.B3.E7.B3.BB"></span>自由电子与金属性质的关系</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：自由电子与金属性质的关系"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自由電子使金屬具<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%B3%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="光泽">光泽</a>、富有<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%B1%95%E6%80%A7" title="延展性">延展性</a>、容易<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="导电">导电</a>、利于传热。在金属晶体中具有中性原子，金属<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="離子">阳离子</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="自由電子">自由电子</a>，而自由电子可在整个<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶体">晶体</a>中自由移动。 </p> <dl><dt>具光泽</dt></dl> <p>当<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="光线">光线</a>照射到金属表面时，自由电子吸收所有<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="頻率 (物理學)">频率</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E5%85%89" title="可见光">可见光</a>，然后很快的发射出大部分所吸收的可见光。这也是绝大多数金属呈银白色或钢灰色光泽的原因。金属在粉末状态时，由于晶体排列不规则，可见光被自由电子吸收后难以发射出去，所以金属粉末一般呈暗<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E8%89%B2" title="灰色">灰色</a>或灰色，但少数金属的粉末会保持原来的颜色及光泽，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁">鋁</a>。 </p> <dl><dt>导电性强</dt></dl> <p>自由电子在金属晶体中作不规则的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="運動 (物理學)">运动</a>，在外<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="电场">电场</a>的作用下，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="自由電子">自由电子</a>会做定向移动，形成<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B5%81" title="电流">电流</a>，為导电性强之原因。 </p> <dl><dt>导热性好</dt></dl> <p>当金属的一部分受热时，受热部分的自由电子能量增加、运动加剧，不断与金属陽离子碰撞而交换<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a>，把热从一部分传向各整体。 </p> <dl><dt>延展性良</dt></dl> <p>金属受外<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B" title="力">力</a>时，金属<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶体">晶体</a>内某一层金属<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a>与另一层的金属原子及离子发生相对滑动，由于自由电子的运动，各层间仍保持着<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E9%94%AE" title="金属键">金属键</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="作用力">作用力</a>，但這並非金屬具延展性的主要原因。金屬的延展性主要是來自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AE%E6%8E%92" class="mw-redirect" title="差排">差排</a>的滑移造成的，同時也可藉由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E6%99%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="双晶">雙晶</a>來變形，沒有差排的完美金屬單晶並不具備延展性。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="金属分类"><span id=".E9.87.91.E5.B1.9E.E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>金属分类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：金属分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金属的分类各界不同，大致上可分为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="科学界">科学界</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="工业">工业</a>界二种分类法。 </p><p>科学界會依<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="元素週期表">元素週期表</a>，將金属分为以下各类： </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%97%8F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="主族金属">主族金属</a></b>：週期表中<a href="/wiki/S%E5%8D%80%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="S區元素">s區</a>及<a href="/wiki/P%E5%8D%80%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="P區元素">p區</a>的金屬元素，包括s區的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">碱金属</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">碱土金属</a>以及<a href="/wiki/P%E5%8D%80%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="P區金屬">p區金屬</a>。 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">碱金属</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">锂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">钠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">钾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">铷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">铯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">钫</a>，共6个，均為週期表第1族的元素。</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">碱土金属</a></b>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">铍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">镁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">钙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">锶</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">钡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">镭</a>，共6个，均為週期表第2族的元素。</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/P%E5%8D%80%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="P區金屬">p区金属</a></b>：也稱<b>贫金属</b>、<b>后过渡金属</b>等，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">铝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">锡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">铅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">铋</a>等，週期表中<a href="/wiki/P%E5%8D%80%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="P區元素">p區</a>的金屬元素。</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="过渡金属">过渡金属</a></b>：如<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">钛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">锰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="银">银</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>等，週期表中<a href="/wiki/D%E5%8D%80%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="D區元素">d區</a>的金屬元素（即<a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">第3族</a>到<a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">第12族</a>的元素）。</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="內過渡金屬">内过渡金属</a></b>：週期表中<a href="/wiki/F%E5%8D%80%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="F區元素">f區</a>的金屬元素，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="镧系元素">镧系元素</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="锕系元素">锕系元素</a>。 <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="镧系元素">镧系元素</a></b>：如<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">镧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">铈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">钕</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">钐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">铕</a>等，共15个，電子填充到4f軌道上的内过渡金属。</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="锕系元素">锕系元素</a></b>：如<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">锕</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">钍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80" class="mw-redirect" title="铀">铀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">钚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">镅</a>等，共15个，電子填充到5f軌道上的内过渡金属。</li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="工业">工业</a>界對金屬的分类有很多種，可以依<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9C%E8%89%B2" title="颜色">颜色</a>分类為<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="黑色金属">黑色金属</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="鉻">鉻</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="錳">錳</a>）和其他的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%89%B2%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="有色金属">有色金属</a>或非铁金属（工业最常用分类），按<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>分类为<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="重金属">重金属</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="轻金属">轻金属</a>，按抗腐蝕程度分为<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="惰性金屬">貴金屬</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="卑金屬">卑金属</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="黑色金屬及有色金屬"><span id=".E9.BB.91.E8.89.B2.E9.87.91.E5.B1.AC.E5.8F.8A.E6.9C.89.E8.89.B2.E9.87.91.E5.B1.AC"></span>黑色金屬及有色金屬</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：黑色金屬及有色金屬"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="黑色金屬">黑色金屬</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%89%B2%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="有色金属">有色金屬</a></div> <p>黑色金屬包括純鐵（例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%9F%E9%90%B5" title="熟鐵">熟鐵</a>）或是像<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="鋼">鋼</a>等鐵合金，也包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="鉻">鉻</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="錳">錳</a>等元素<sup id="cite_ref-工业系统概论_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-工业系统概论-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>純淨的鐵及鉻是銀白色的，而錳是銀灰色，都不是黑色，但鐵的表面常有黑色或棕色的氧化物，而鉻和錳也常用在合金鋼中，故稱為黑色金屬<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。黑色金屬合金多半會有磁性，但也有例外。 </p><p>鐵、鉻及錳以外的金屬稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%89%B2%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="有色金属">有色金屬</a><sup id="cite_ref-工业系统概论_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-工业系统概论-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="重金屬及輕金屬"><span id=".E9.87.8D.E9.87.91.E5.B1.AC.E5.8F.8A.E8.BC.95.E9.87.91.E5.B1.AC"></span>重金屬及輕金屬</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：重金屬及輕金屬"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="重金屬">重金屬</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="輕金屬">輕金屬</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="重金屬">重金屬</a>是一群有金屬特性的元素，依定義的不同．主要包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="過渡金屬">過渡金屬</a>、有時也會包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="類金屬">類金屬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AD%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鑭系元素">鑭系元素</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%92%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="錒系元素">錒系元素</a>的定義。重金屬有很多不同的定義<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，有依<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序">原子序</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>，也有依照<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="化學特性">化學特性</a>或毒性來定義。 </p><p>在日常生活中提到的重金屬多半是以<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="环境污染">環境污染</a>領域的定義為準，对生物有明顯毒性的金屬或類金屬元素就視為重金屬，若以密度來定義，常見的一種定義是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>大于4.5或是5的金属。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="輕金屬">輕金屬</a>一般會定義是密度小于5的金属<sup id="cite_ref-howi_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howi-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，像<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="鋰">鋰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="鈹">鈹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鈉">鈉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鎂">鎂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁">鋁</a>等都是輕金屬。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="卑金属和貴金屬"><span id=".E5.8D.91.E9.87.91.E5.B1.9E.E5.92.8C.E8.B2.B4.E9.87.91.E5.B1.AC"></span>卑金属和貴金屬</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：卑金属和貴金屬"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="卑金屬">卑金属</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="惰性金屬">惰性金屬</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zn_reaction_with_HCl.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Zn_reaction_with_HCl.JPG/220px-Zn_reaction_with_HCl.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Zn_reaction_with_HCl.JPG/330px-Zn_reaction_with_HCl.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Zn_reaction_with_HCl.JPG/440px-Zn_reaction_with_HCl.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>卑金属鋅和酸的反應</figcaption></figure> <p>在化學上，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="卑金屬">卑金属</a>是指容易<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96" title="氧化">氧化</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E8%9D%95" class="mw-redirect" title="腐蝕">腐蝕</a>的金屬，而且可以和稀<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="鹽酸">鹽酸</a>反應產生<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A3" title="氫氣">氫氣</a>。卑金属一詞和<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="惰性金屬">貴金屬</a>（noble metal）相對。像鐵、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鎳">鎳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%85" class="mw-redirect" title="鋅">鋅</a>等都是卑金属。<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>雖然不和稀鹽酸反應，但因為容易氧化，一般也視為卑金属。<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="惰性金屬">貴金屬</a>是指抗氧化且抗腐蝕的金屬，大多罕見而高價，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%91" class="mw-redirect" title="鉑">鉑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="銥">銥</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="銠">銠</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%8A%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="鍊金術">鍊金術</a>中，卑金属是指常見而廉價的金屬，和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貴金屬">貴金屬</a>（例如金、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a>等）相對。長久以來鍊金術士的目標都是將卑金属變成貴金屬。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%AD%A6" title="货币学">货币学</a>中，以前貨幣的價值是在於貨幣中的金、銀等貴金屬成份。現在大部份的貨幣都是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3" title="法定貨幣">法定貨幣</a>，貨幣的價值由政府法令決定，因此貨幣可以由銅、鎳、鋅等廉價的卑金属製成。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="貴重金屬"><span id=".E8.B2.B4.E9.87.8D.E9.87.91.E5.B1.AC"></span>貴重金屬</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：貴重金屬"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GoldNuggetUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/GoldNuggetUSGOV.jpg/220px-GoldNuggetUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/GoldNuggetUSGOV.jpg/330px-GoldNuggetUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/GoldNuggetUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>金礦</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="貴重金屬">貴重金屬</a></div> <p>貴重金屬（precious metal，也稱貴金屬）是指罕見、具高經濟價格的金屬元素。 </p><p>一般而言，貴金屬的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E6%80%A7" title="反應性">活性</a>比其他金屬要低、有顯著<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%B3%BD_(%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9)" title="光泽 (矿物)">光澤</a>及高導電性。以前的貴金屬主要用於<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%84%E5%B9%A3" title="鑄幣">鑄幣</a>，而現在主要是用在投資及工業的產品上。像<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%91" class="mw-redirect" title="鉑">鉑</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鈀">鈀</a>等貴金屬在<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a>中都有編號。其中最廣為人知的就是金、銀，不但用在工業上，也用在藝術品、珠寶及貨幣上。其他的貴金屬還包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="铂族元素">鉑族元素</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%95" class="mw-redirect" title="釕">釕</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="銠">銠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鈀">鈀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="鋨">鋨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="銥">銥</a>和鉑，其中交易量最大的是鉑（俗稱<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%87%91" class="mw-disambig" title="白金">白金</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>對於貴金屬的需求不只是因為其實際的應用，也是因為貴金屬可以用來投資及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保值" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Store_of_value"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%80%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保值（页面不存在）">保值</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Store_of_value" class="extiw" title="en:Store of value"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Store_of_value</span></a></span>）</span></span>。在2006年的夏季，鈀的價格曾經是金價的一半。而鉑的價格多半是金價的兩倍。銀的價格明顯的比其他貴金屬要便宜不少，因為在製幣及珠寶上的應用，傳統上仍視為是貴金屬。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="金屬的提取"><span id=".E9.87.91.E5.B1.AC.E7.9A.84.E6.8F.90.E5.8F.96"></span>金屬的提取</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：金屬的提取"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E7%9F%B3" title="矿石">矿石</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="采矿业">采矿业</a></div> <p>金屬一般會利用<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="采矿">采矿</a>的方式，提取到所需的金屬成份較高的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E7%9F%B3" title="矿石">矿石</a>。矿石需透過<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2" title="勘探">勘探</a>技術確定其位置，再挖掘並檢驗矿床。矿物資源一般可以分為可以用重型設備開探的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E5%A4%A9%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="露天礦">露天礦</a>，以及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地下矿" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Underground mining (hard rock)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E7%9F%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地下矿（页面不存在）">地下矿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_mining_(hard_rock)" class="extiw" title="en:Underground mining (hard rock)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Underground mining (hard rock)</span></a></span>）</span></span>。 </p><p>在矿石開採出來後，需經過<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萃取冶金學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Extractive metallurgy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%83%E5%8F%96%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萃取冶金學（页面不存在）">萃取</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy" class="extiw" title="en:Extractive metallurgy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Extractive metallurgy</span></a></span>）</span></span>才能得到金屬，一般會用化學或電化學的還原法。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高温冶金" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pyrometallurgy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%B8%A9%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高温冶金（页面不存在）">高温冶金</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrometallurgy" class="extiw" title="en:Pyrometallurgy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pyrometallurgy</span></a></span>）</span></span>利用高溫將矿石變成金屬，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="濕式冶金" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="hydrometallurgy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BF%95%E5%BC%8F%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="濕式冶金（页面不存在）">濕式冶金</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hydrometallurgy" class="extiw" title="en:hydrometallurgy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">hydrometallurgy</span></a></span>）</span></span>是利用水溶液達到類似目的。需利用哪一種冶金法則依金屬及其雜質而定。 </p><p>若矿石是金屬和非金屬的離子化合物，需要和還原劑加熱以產生金屬。大部份的金屬（例如鐵）矿石，可以和碳加熱產生金屬。有些金屬（像是<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鈉">鈉</a>或是<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁">鋁</a>）沒有成本夠低廉的還原劑，則會用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="電解">電解</a>的方式提煉<sup id="cite_ref-losal_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-losal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>含硫的礦石一般不會直接還原為金屬，而是在空氣中加熱，變成氧化物後再冶煉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="金属之最"><span id=".E9.87.91.E5.B1.9E.E4.B9.8B.E6.9C.80"></span>金属之最</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：金属之最"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:70px; background:amber;">金属种类 </th> <th>特優性质<sup id="cite_ref-袁運開2005_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-袁運開2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="银">银</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E7%83%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="导热">导热</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="导电">導電</a>能力最强，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E7%8E%87" title="反射率">反射率</a>最高 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">铂</a> </td> <td>延性最突出 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%95%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="展性">展性</a>最优 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">锇</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>最大（25℃的密度是22.57g/cm<sup>3</sup>） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">锂</a> </td> <td>密度最小（27℃的密度是0.534g/cm<sup>3</sup>） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">铬</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="硬度">硬度</a>最高（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B0%8F%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="莫氏硬度">莫氏硬度</a>8.5） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">铯</a> </td> <td>硬度最低（莫氏硬度0.2） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">钨</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a>最高（3407℃） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞</a> </td> <td>熔点最低（-38.87℃，常温下呈液态） </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="五金"><span id=".E4.BA.94.E9.87.91"></span>五金</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：五金"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>五金</b>即指<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="錫">錫</a>這五種常見的金屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="元素">元素</a>，後該詞引申至指一般常見的金屬制品，所以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%87%91%E5%BA%97" title="五金店">五金店</a>所賣的不僅限於這五種金屬。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="合金"><span id=".E5.90.88.E9.87.91"></span>合金</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：合金"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="合金">合金</a></div> <p>合金是由二種或多種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>組成，其中主要元素是金屬的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="混合物">混合物</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。很多純金屬太軟、太脆或是高化學活性，不適合使用。將數種金屬以特定比例組合，形成合金，可以將純金屬的性質調整為一些較理想的特性。製造合金的目的一般是要使金屬脆性降低、提昇硬度、抗蝕性，或是有理想的顏色及光澤。在目前仍在使用的合金中，<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>合金（<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="鋼">鋼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E9%8F%BD%E9%8B%BC" title="不鏽鋼">不鏽鋼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%8B%BC" title="碳鋼">碳鋼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E9%92%A2" title="工具钢">工具鋼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91%E9%8B%BC" title="合金鋼">合金鋼</a>等）不論是在產量或是產值都是最高的。鐵加入不同比例的碳，可以得到<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E7%A2%B3%E9%92%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="低碳钢">低碳鋼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A2%B3%E9%92%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="中碳钢">中碳鋼</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%A2%B3%E9%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="高碳鋼">高碳鋼</a>，碳含量越高，其韌性及展性會下降。若碳含量超過2%，則稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B8%E9%93%81" title="铸铁">鑄鐵</a>。而在碳鋼中加入超過10%的<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鉬">鉬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鎳">鎳</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="鉻">鉻</a>即為不鏽鋼。 </p><p>其他主要的合金有<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁">鋁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鈦">鈦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鎂">鎂</a>的合金<sup id="cite_ref-启杰·杨1999_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-启杰·杨1999-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。銅合金早在史前時代就開始應用，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="青銅時代">青銅時代</a>用的青銅即為銅合金，而且在現在也有很多的應用。其他三種合金是近代才開始的研究，由於其金屬的活性，需要利用電解方式才能提煉純金屬。鋁合金、鈦合金和鎂合金的特點是其高<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%BC%BA%E5%BA%A6" title="比强度">比強度</a>，一般會用在一些比強度比價格重要的應用中，例如太空船或是一些汽車的應用。 </p><p>有時會針對高需求的應用來設計合金，例如<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%B7%E6%B0%94%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="喷气发动机">喷气发动机</a>中的合金可能是由十種以上金屬所合成。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关条目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E6.9D.A1.E7.9B.AE"></span>相关条目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：相关条目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:3; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="非金属">非金属</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="過渡金屬">過渡金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貧金屬">貧金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="類金屬">類金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="合金">合金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%A7" title="金属活动性">金属活动性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%87%8F" title="金屬量">金屬量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%99%B6%E6%80%81%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="非晶态金属">非晶态金属</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%99%B6%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="微晶格金屬">微晶格金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%9C%BA%E5%B1%8F%E8%94%BD" title="电场屏蔽">电场屏蔽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="冶金工程">冶金工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%A6" title="冶金学">冶金学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="固體">固體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A2" title="钢">钢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A2%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="钢结构">鋼結構</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-袁運開2005-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-袁運開2005_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-袁運開2005_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">袁運開. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Z6h1MXw_oVEC&pg=PA95">自然科學概論</a>. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. 2005: 95–. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-957-11-3709-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-957-11-3709-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-957-11-3709-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&rft.au=%E8%A2%81%E9%81%8B%E9%96%8B&rft.btitle=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%A6%82%E8%AB%96&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-957-11-3709-4&rft.pages=95-&rft.pub=%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ6h1MXw_oVEC%26pg%3DPA95&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kong, Lingyun; Heydari, Zahra; Lami, Ghadeer Hazim; Saberi, Abbas; Baltatu, Madalina Simona; Vizureanu, Petrica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/13/4797">A Comprehensive Review of the Current Research Status of Biodegradable Zinc Alloys and Composites for Biomedical Applications</a>. Materials. 2023-01, <b>16</b> (13) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-05</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1996-1944"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1996-1944</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fma16134797"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.3390/ma16134797</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208144704/https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/13/4797">存档</a>于2024-02-08） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&rft.atitle=A+Comprehensive+Review+of+the+Current+Research+Status+of+Biodegradable+Zinc+Alloys+and+Composites+for+Biomedical+Applications&rft.au=Baltatu%2C+Madalina+Simona&rft.au=Heydari%2C+Zahra&rft.au=Lami%2C+Ghadeer+Hazim&rft.au=Saberi%2C+Abbas&rft.au=Vizureanu%2C+Petrica&rft.aufirst=Lingyun&rft.aulast=Kong&rft.date=2023-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1996-1944&rft.issue=13&rft.jtitle=Materials&rft.volume=16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F1996-1944%2F16%2F13%2F4797&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fma16134797&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nani.com.tw/nani/jlearn/natu/ability/a1/3_a1_6_3.htm">元素的分類與通性</a>. Nani.com.tw. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-05-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811052436/http://www.nani.com.tw/nani/jlearn/natu/ability/a1/3_a1_6_3.htm">存档</a>于2020-08-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&rft.btitle=%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E8%88%87%E9%80%9A%E6%80%A7&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nani.com.tw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nani.com.tw%2Fnani%2Fjlearn%2Fnatu%2Fability%2Fa1%2F3_a1_6_3.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Martin_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">John C. Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629210059/https://edocs.uis.edu/jmart5/www/rrlyrae/metals.htm">What we learn from a star's metal content</a>. New Analysis RR Lyrae Kinematics in the Solar Neighborhood. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-09-07</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edocs.uis.edu/jmart5/www/rrlyrae/metals.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-06-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&rft.atitle=What+we+learn+from+a+star%27s+metal+content&rft.au=John+C.+Martin&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Analysis+RR+Lyrae+Kinematics+in+the+Solar+Neighborhood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedocs.uis.edu%2Fjmart5%2Fwww%2Frrlyrae%2Fmetals.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780123526519" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-12-352651-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morty-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-morty_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mortimer, Charles E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistryconcept00mort">Chemistry: A Conceptual Approach</a> 3rd. New York:: D. Van Nostrad Company. 1975.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&rft.au=Mortimer%2C+Charles+E.&rft.btitle=Chemistry%3A+A+Conceptual+Approach&rft.date=1975&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%3A&rft.pub=D.+Van+Nostrad+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistryconcept00mort&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-工业系统概论-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-工业系统概论_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-工业系统概论_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ciOTX2o0trEC&pg=PA104">工业系统概论</a>. 清华大学出版社有限公司. 2005: 104–. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-302-10931-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-302-10931-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-302-10931-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&rft.btitle=%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%A6%82%E8%AE%BA&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-302-10931-0&rft.pages=104-&rft.pub=%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DciOTX2o0trEC%26pg%3DPA104&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=L2HRM_jHOtcC&pg=PA160">十万个为什么/新世纪版精读本/数学化学</a>. 少年儿童出版社. 2001: 160– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-05-16</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5324-4776-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5324-4776-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-5324-4776-3</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707135955/http://books.google.com/books?id=L2HRM_jHOtcC&pg=PA160">存档</a>于2014-07-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%87%E4%B8%AA%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%2F%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%89%88%E7%B2%BE%E8%AF%BB%E6%9C%AC%2F%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5324-4776-3&rft.pages=160-&rft.pub=%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL2HRM_jHOtcC%26pg%3DPA160&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John H. Duffus: "Heavy Metals"- A Meaningless Term, Chemistry International, November 2001, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2001/november/heavymetals.html">http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2001/november/heavymetals.html</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20181127130258/http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/2001/november/heavymetals.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-howi-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-howi_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A.F. Holleman und N. Wiberg: <i>Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie.</i> 102. Auflage, S. 1141, Berlin 2007, Walter de Gruyter, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783110177701" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Holleman, N. Wiberg, "Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie", de Gruyter, 1985, 33. edition, p. 1486</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090503062546/http://www.platinumguild.com/output/Page3219.asp">Platinum Guild: Applications Beyond Expectation</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-05-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.platinumguild.com/output/Page3219.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2009-05-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&rft.btitle=Platinum+Guild%3A+Applications+Beyond+Expectation&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.platinumguild.com%2Foutput%2FPage3219.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-losal-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-losal_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/11.shtml">Los Alamos National Laboratory – Sodium</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-06-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/69fbIIDQN?url=http://periodic.lanl.gov/11.shtml">存档</a>于2012-08-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&rft.btitle=Los+Alamos+National+Laboratory+%E2%80%93+Sodium&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperiodic.lanl.gov%2F11.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/13.shtml">Los Alamos National Laboratory – Aluminum</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-06-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/69fbIm7Or?url=http://periodic.lanl.gov/13.shtml">存档</a>于2012-08-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&rft.btitle=Los+Alamos+National+Laboratory+%E2%80%93+Aluminum&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperiodic.lanl.gov%2F13.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=X6PcbN7HXSIC&pg=PA19">制造工程与技术原理</a>. 清华大学出版社有限公司. 2004: 19–. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-302-08120-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-302-08120-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-302-08120-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&rft.btitle=%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%8E%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-302-08120-3&rft.pages=19-&rft.pub=%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX6PcbN7HXSIC%26pg%3DPA19&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-启杰·杨1999-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-启杰·杨1999_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">启杰·杨. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=_jLOXYqip4MC&pg=PA28">製造程序</a>. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. 1999: 28– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-05-17</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-957-11-1764-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-957-11-1764-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-957-11-1764-5</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707151815/http://books.google.com/books?id=_jLOXYqip4MC&pg=PA28">存档</a>于2014-07-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&rft.au=%E5%90%AF%E6%9D%B0%C2%B7%E6%9D%A8&rft.btitle=%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-957-11-1764-5&rft.pages=28-&rft.pub=%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_jLOXYqip4MC%26pg%3DPA28&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="元素分類" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="Template:化學元素分類"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="Template talk:化學元素分類"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:化學元素分類"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="元素分類" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88" title="Category:化学元素集合">元素分類</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="S区元素">s区元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="P区元素">p区元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="D区元素">d区元素</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ds%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ds区元素">ds區元素</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="F区元素">f区元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="G区元素">g区元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="H区元素">h区元素</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期">元素周期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC8%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第8周期元素">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC9%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="第9周期元素">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="主族元素">主族元素</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">1</a>（碱金属）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">2</a>（碱土金属）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">13</a>（硼族元素）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">14</a>（碳族元素）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">15</a>（氮族元素）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">16</a>（氧族元素）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">17</a>（鹵素）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">18</a>（稀有气体）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="副族元素">副族元素</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="过渡金属">过渡金属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/F%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="F区元素">內過渡金属</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="镧系元素">镧系元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="锕系元素">锕系元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="超锕系元素">超锕系元素</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BA%8F" title="化学序">其它元素分類</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">金属</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E5%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="稀土元素">稀土金属</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貧金屬">貧金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A3%E7%86%94%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="難熔金屬">難熔金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貴金屬">貴金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="惰性金屬">惰性金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%91%E6%97%8F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="鉑族金屬">鉑族金屬</a>（PGMs）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="鐵系元素">鐵族元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="轻金属">轻金属</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="重金属">重金属</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然金屬" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Native metals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然金屬（页面不存在）">自然金屬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_metals" class="extiw" title="en:Native metals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Native metals</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="类金属">类金属</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="非金属元素">非金屬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%80%A7_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8)" title="兩性 (化學)">兩性元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="重元素">重元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="放射性元素">放射性元素</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="人工合成元素">人工合成元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%93%80%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="超铀元素">超铀元素</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%87%8D%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="超重元素">超重元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%90%8E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="锕系后元素">锕系后元素</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="主要錒系元素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Major actinide"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E9%8C%92%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="主要錒系元素（页面不存在）">主要錒系元素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_actinide" class="extiw" title="en:Major actinide"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Major actinide</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E8%A6%81%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="次要锕系元素">次要錒系元素</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="Category:元素周期表">Category:元素周期表</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:化学">Portal:化学</a><b></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX524901">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Metall"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4038860-8">德国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565895">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="kovy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114995&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300010900">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=金属&oldid=83271523">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=金属&oldid=83271523</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="Category:金属">金属</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="Category:金属元素">金属元素</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="Category:金属材料">金属材料</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(en)" title="Category:CS1英语来源 (en)">CS1英语来源 (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ISBN%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用ISBN魔术链接的页面">使用ISBN魔术链接的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%AA%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:有未列明来源语句的条目">有未列明来源语句的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABAAT%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目">包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年7月4日 (星期四) 03:10。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vz5zt","wgBackendResponseTime":206,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.794","walltime":"0.968","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2176,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":189120,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1154,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":37475,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 779.453 1 -total"," 35.18% 274.176 1 Template:Periodic_table_(micro)"," 33.61% 261.942 1 Template:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_micro)"," 18.33% 142.837 3 Template:Navbox"," 18.22% 142.036 1 Template:化學元素分類"," 16.23% 126.514 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.41% 88.935 1 Template:Authority_control"," 8.70% 67.819 6 Template:Cite_book"," 5.81% 45.313 1 Template:NoteTA"," 3.12% 24.313 5 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.514","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9349228,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-565f7d7996-7fmjh","timestamp":"20241031094848","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u91d1\u5c5e","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11426","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11426","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-04-02T14:07:11Z","dateModified":"2024-07-04T03:10:58Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a9\/Hot_metalwork.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>