CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Voluntary return - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"982b8987-7f79-445a-bf36-97fd25dce187","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Voluntary_return","wgTitle":"Voluntary return","wgCurRevisionId":1234965126,"wgRevisionId":1234965126,"wgArticleId":49745429,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020","Freedom of movement","Refugees","Repatriation"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Voluntary_return","wgRelevantArticleId":49745429,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q20380176","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics" :true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups" ,"ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_from_Egypt_%28Retour_d%27%C3%89gypte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="883"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_from_Egypt_%28Retour_d%27%C3%89gypte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="589"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_from_Egypt_%28Retour_d%27%C3%89gypte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/640px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_from_Egypt_%28Retour_d%27%C3%89gypte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="471"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Voluntary return - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_return"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_return"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Voluntary_return rootpage-Voluntary_return skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Voluntary+return" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Voluntary+return" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Voluntary+return" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Voluntary+return" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voluntary_return_of_refugees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voluntary_return_of_refugees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Voluntary return of refugees</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voluntary_return_of_refugees-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Voluntary return of refugees subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voluntary_return_of_refugees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_basis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_basis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Legal basis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_basis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_offered" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_offered"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Support offered</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_offered-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_policies_and_incentives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_policies_and_incentives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government policies and incentives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_policies_and_incentives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government policies and incentives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_policies_and_incentives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rest_of_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rest_of_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Rest of world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rest_of_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNHCR_refugee_return_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNHCR_refugee_return_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>UNHCR refugee return statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNHCR_refugee_return_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voluntary_return_of_other_migrants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voluntary_return_of_other_migrants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voluntary return of other migrants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voluntary_return_of_other_migrants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Voluntary return of other migrants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voluntary_return_of_other_migrants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voluntary_return_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voluntary_return_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Voluntary return statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voluntary_return_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Voluntary return</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapaaehtoinen_paluu" title="Vapaaehtoinen paluu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vapaaehtoinen paluu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20380176#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_return" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Voluntary_return" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_return"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_return"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Voluntary_return" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Voluntary_return" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&oldid=1234965126" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Voluntary_return&id=1234965126&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVoluntary_return"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVoluntary_return"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Voluntary_return&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20380176" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_from_Egypt_(Retour_d%27%C3%89gypte)_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_from_Egypt_%28Retour_d%27%C3%89gypte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/300px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_from_Egypt_%28Retour_d%27%C3%89gypte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_from_Egypt_%28Retour_d%27%C3%89gypte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/450px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_from_Egypt_%28Retour_d%27%C3%89gypte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_from_Egypt_%28Retour_d%27%C3%89gypte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/600px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_from_Egypt_%28Retour_d%27%C3%89gypte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption>In <i>The Return from Egypt</i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a>, Jesus, Mary, and Joseph voluntarily leave Egypt to go to Nazareth after <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">King Herod's</a> death.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Voluntary return</b> or <b>voluntary repatriation</b> is usually the return of an <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrant" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrant">illegal immigrant</a> or over-stayer, a rejected <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seeker" title="Asylum seeker">asylum seeker</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugee</a> or <a href="/wiki/Displaced_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Displaced person">displaced person</a>, or an <a href="/wiki/Unaccompanied_minor#Return" title="Unaccompanied minor">unaccompanied minor</a>; sometimes it is the <a href="/wiki/Emigration" title="Emigration">emigration</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Immigrant_generations" title="Immigrant generations">second-generation</a> immigrant<sup id="cite_ref-Dekasegi_children_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dekasegi_children-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who makes an <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomous</a> decision to <a href="/wiki/Return_migration" title="Return migration">return</a> to their <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnic</a> <a href="/wiki/Homeland" title="Homeland">homeland</a> when they are unable or <a href="/wiki/Cultural_conflict#Conflicting_values" title="Cultural conflict">unwilling to remain</a> in the host country. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#f0f0ff;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Legal_status" title="Legal status">Legal status</a> of <a href="/wiki/Person" title="Person">persons</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Birthright" title="Birthright">Birthright</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Place_of_birth" title="Place of birth">Birthplace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_aboard_aircraft_and_ships" title="Birth aboard aircraft and ships">Aboard aircraft and ships</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">Jus sanguinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_soli" title="Jus soli">Jus soli</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_tourism" title="Birth tourism">Birth tourism</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">Nationality</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">missing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">multiple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_citizenship" title="Transnational citizenship">transnational</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">Naturalization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ius_Doni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius Doni">Ius Doni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_of_citizenship" title="Oath of citizenship">Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_test" title="Citizenship test">Test</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_citizenship" title="Loss of citizenship">Lost citizenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denaturalization" title="Denaturalization">denaturalized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renunciation_of_citizenship" title="Renunciation of citizenship">renounced</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">Immigration</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alien_(law)" title="Alien (law)">Alien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_alien" title="Enemy alien">Enemy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_migration" title="Criminalization of migration">Criminalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_protection" title="Diplomatic protection">Diplomatic protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">Expatriate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_worker" title="Foreign worker">Foreign worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">Illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_law" title="Immigration law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integration_of_immigrants" title="Integration of immigrants">Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency" title="Permanent residency">Permanent residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">Refugee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_homeland" title="Right to homeland">Right to homeland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Voluntary return</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identity_cleansing" title="Identity cleansing">Identity cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">Right of return</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Legal_status_of_persons" title="Template:Legal status of persons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Legal_status_of_persons" title="Template talk:Legal status of persons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Legal_status_of_persons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Legal status of persons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Immigration" title="Category:Immigration">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">Immigration</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;background:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Airport_Immigration.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Immigration"><img alt="Immigration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Airport_Immigration.svg/90px-Airport_Immigration.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Airport_Immigration.svg/135px-Airport_Immigration.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Airport_Immigration.svg/180px-Airport_Immigration.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="404" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> General</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_by_country" title="Immigration by country">Immigration by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration policy">Immigration policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_migration" title="Internal migration">Internal migration</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> History and law</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Border security">Border security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">Repatriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">Deportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_law" title="Immigration law">Immigration law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Externalization_(migration)" title="Externalization (migration)">Externalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">Indefinite leave to remain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_diplomacy" title="Migration diplomacy">Migration diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-refoulement" title="Non-refoulement">Non-refoulement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">Right of asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">Refugee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Visa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Voluntary return</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Social processes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation#Immigrant_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Immigrant assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acculturation" title="Acculturation">Acculturation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acculturation_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Acculturation Gap">Acculturation Gap</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Political theories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">Civic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replacement_migration" title="Replacement migration">Replacement migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_cohesion" class="mw-redirect" title="Social cohesion">Social cohesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinationalism" title="Plurinationalism">Plurinationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocentricism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnocentricism">Ethnocentricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_voting" title="Foot voting">Foot voting</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Opposition and reform</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_multiculturalism" title="Criticism of multiculturalism">Criticism of multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform" title="Immigration reform">Immigration reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Causes </th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_migrant" title="Economic migrant">Economic migrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War#Effects" title="War">War</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration" title="Template:Immigration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration" title="Template talk:Immigration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The terms are used in slightly different contexts and can refer to: </p> <ul><li>The voluntary return of asylum seekers who no longer want to wait for a decision on their asylum application or who have changed their mind about the application and rather want to go back to their country of origin.</li> <li>Destitute migrants, such as homeless people, who cannot afford the journey back home. Some homelessness charities provide funding for these journeys.</li> <li>The "voluntary" return of rejected asylum seekers or <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">irregular migrants</a> to their countries of origin. Leaving voluntarily in this context can be somewhat euphemistic, as the alternative is often <a href="/wiki/Immigration_detention" title="Immigration detention">immigration detention</a> and eventual <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a>.</li> <li>The most preferred of the <a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">UNHCR</a>'s three <a href="/wiki/Refugee#Durable_solutions" title="Refugee">durable solutions</a> for <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> because it is what most refugees seek.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the reasons for being displaced or having fled have disappeared and it is safe again to live in this country refugees are free to go back to their country of origin. The so-called returnees are still people of concern to the UNHCR and are, as such, under their legal protection. The UNHCR is monitoring returnee operations and offers support to returnees even after they have arrived in their countries of origin.</li></ul> <p>Some voluntary return programmes offer assisted voluntary return (AVR) and some voluntary return is spontaneous and independent without assistance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voluntary_return_of_refugees">Voluntary return of refugees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Voluntary return of refugees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_basis">Legal basis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legal basis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of voluntary repatriation was first developed in the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Convention_Governing_the_Specific_Aspects_of_Refugee_Problems_in_Africa" title="Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa">Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa</a>. It was agreed that: </p> <dl><dd>"The sending state, in collaboration with the receiving state, must make adequate arrangements for the safe return of refugees who request repatriation, while the country of origin must facilitate their resettlement and grant them the full rights and privileges of nationals of the country, and subject them to the same obligations."<sup id="cite_ref-lawjournal.mcgill.ca_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lawjournal.mcgill.ca-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversies">Controversies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The UNHCR and the hosting countries usually encourage the refugees to return voluntarily. The <a href="/wiki/1969_Refugee_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1969 Refugee Convention">1969 Refugee Convention</a> expects states of origin to advertise repatriation, by using the news and media as well as <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a>, in order to invite refugees back home. Equally the host countries are expected to spread such information and to ensure it is received.<sup id="cite_ref-lawjournal.mcgill.ca_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lawjournal.mcgill.ca-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the information that is spread about the improved and safer situation in the country of origin may be exaggerated, blurred or untrue and refugees may be encouraged to return home before the dangers and risks are fully removed.</li> <li>As refugees are protected from deportation (or <a href="/wiki/Non-refoulement" title="Non-refoulement">refoulement</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/Convention_relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention relating to the Status of Refugees">1951 Refugee Convention</a>, some host countries may indirectly force them to leave by gradually decreasing refugees' living standards and living conditions or by spreading lies about them to make them feel less welcome. This is similar to <a href="/wiki/Self-deportation" title="Self-deportation">self-deportation</a>.</li> <li>In some countries, the IOM's programmes of "voluntary assisted returns" have been criticized. The "voluntary" nature of these returns, put forward in the media coverage of IOM interventions is considered as questionable, for instance in Libya.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the UNHCR, for whom "voluntariness is more than an issue of principle", if people's rights "are not recognized, if they are subject to pressures and restrictions and confined to closed camps, they may choose to return, but this is not an act of free will".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Some countries offer financial support to refugees and rejected asylum seekers in order to facilitate the process of starting a new life in their country of origin. This could be considered as residency buyouts.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_offered">Support offered</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Support offered"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UNHCR and the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a> offer assistance to refugees who want to return voluntarily and to other people in need of support for returning to their home countries. This includes administrative, logistical, financial and reintegration support. Many developed countries also provide assistance and voluntary return programmes independent from the IOM and the UNHCR. Support includes making travel arrangements and paying for the journey. Support may also include financial support so that returnees can make sustainable investments and can build their lives again. Connecting people with networks and groups in the country of origin so that they will get support from local organisations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When one takes part in assisted voluntary return programs (AVR), the applicant is giving up their claim as a refugee or asylum-seeker. Many times this includes a five-year travel ban restricting the individual from returning to the host country,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similar to deportation. According to interviews with IOM workers and files on return migrants who took part in their program, it is not uncommon for return migrants to feel pressured into applying to AVR programs due to financial hardships, lack of employment, fear of deportation, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_policies_and_incentives">Government policies and incentives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Government policies and incentives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Belgium – Return and Emigration of Asylum Seekers Ex Belgium programme: This program is open to asylum seekers and third-country nationals who want to return to their country of origin or to voluntarily emigrate to a third world country. As this program is voluntary, one can retract their application if ever they change their mind. Applicants are offered travel support, including counselling prior to departure, assistance during their flight and travel cost. Applicants are also offered some monetary compensation to get them to their home from the airport. Financial support is also offered to aid in the reintegration process, partially funded by the European Return Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span>Denmark – with a history of financially incentivising the voluntary return of immigrants,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denmark raised the amount to 100,000 kroner per person (around €13,000 EUR or US$20,000<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Skaarup" title="Peter Skaarup">Peter Skaarup</a>, deputy leader of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_People%27s_Party" title="Danish People's Party">Danish People's Party</a>, explained the scheme was aimed at immigrants from outside the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> and non-<a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a> nations, targeting "nationals from non-Western countries who are struggling to adapt to <a href="/wiki/Danish_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish society">Danish society</a>". The Danish government also allocated 20 million kroner for city councils, to "motivate foreigners to return home".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France – from 2005 around 3,000 immigrant families were paid to voluntarily leave France. By 2007, under newly elected President <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>, the French government started an enhanced scheme offering €6,000 per immigrant family to return to their country of origin. <a href="/wiki/Brice_Hortefeux" title="Brice Hortefeux">Brice Hortefeux</a>, Immigration Minister, stated that France "must increase this measure to help voluntary return".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, in response to the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a>, the government had rapidly risen the offer from €350 to €2,500 per individual.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Collomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard Collomb">Gerard Collomb</a> reconfirmed the commitment to raise the monetary offer for immigrants to leave France.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Germany – with 35,000 voluntary returns in 2015, Germany allocated an extra €150 million over three years for migrants willing to return to their homelands.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The policy saw an increase to 55,000 repatriations in the first year.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2017, under the 'Starthilfe Plus' scheme, immigrants were offered up to €1,000 each, or €3,000 to families, to leave the country and withdraw applications for asylum or residency.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of October 2017, 8,639 immigrants had returned home via the government program.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2017, under the slogan "Your country. Your future. Now!",<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the German government began offering grants for new kitchens and bathrooms, as well as one year's worth of paid rent, in the country of origin of an immigrant choosing to return home.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Ireland – in 2009, the Republic of Ireland government began offering repatriations grants to immigrants from nations outside the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> to return home. The move was motivated by the <a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">Irish economic recession</a>, with the EU-funded project attempting to "persuade foreign workers and asylum seekers to return to their country of origin".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy – in 2013, the Italian government offered African migrants, mainly from Ghana, Libya and Togo, up to €500 to leave the country and travel onwards to Germany, France or <a href="/wiki/Northern_European" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern European">northern European</a> nations. <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detlef_Scheele" class="extiw" title="de:Detlef Scheele">Detlef Scheele</a>, Hamburgs social affairs minister, dealing with multiple arrivals from Italy, declared that the immigrants had "no legal right to stay" and would return to Italy or back to their home countries.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span>Norway – in 2016 the Norwegian government offered the first 500 asylum seekers to take a 10,000 kroner "bonus" to leave the country voluntarily, in addition to the 20,000 kroner already offered per person.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sylvi_Listhaug" title="Sylvi Listhaug">Sylvi Listhaug</a>, Integration Minister of Norway, claimed the move might "entice" immigrants to "voluntarily travel back by giving them a bit more money on their way out".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Spain – in 2008, struggling from recession and with unemployment towards 30%, the Spanish government proposed a 'Voluntary Return Plan'. Mainly targeting <a href="/wiki/Migration_from_Latin_America_to_Europe" title="Migration from Latin America to Europe">immigrants from South America</a>, the Spanish labour ministry identified around 100,000 individuals from 19 countries which would be eligible for the scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Terr%C3%B3n" class="extiw" title="es:Anna Terrón">Anna Terrón</a>, Secretary of State for Immigration, claimed the scheme "helps everyone if those who want to return to their country of origin are able to."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Sweden – in August 2007, the Swedish government began offering <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seeker" title="Asylum seeker">asylum seekers</a> who were rejected <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency" title="Permanent residency">permanent residency</a> the equivalent of £3,500 per immigrant for a voluntary return to their country of origin.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in a record 4,542 immigrants taking part in the scheme, and returning home in the first 8 months of 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span>Switzerland – the Swiss government, following in the footsteps of Denmark, began a policy of confiscating any property of illegal immigrants with a value over 1,000 Swiss francs. However, the 2016 policy included an incentive for migrants to return to their country of origin, with the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatssekretariat_f%C3%BCr_Migration" class="extiw" title="de:Staatssekretariat für Migration">SEM</a> stating that "if someone leaves voluntarily within seven months this person can get the money back and take it with them."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom – in 2006, asylum seekers and illegal immigrants were offered up to £3,000 per individual to leave the country. Job training, education as well as travel costs were included in the scheme, with an expected uptake of 3,000 people, costing the British taxpayer an estimated £6.2 million.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2010, the annual cost had risen to £16 million, with Immigration Minister <a href="/wiki/Damian_Green" title="Damian Green">Damian Green</a> announcing a reduction from the 5-year delay on re-entry applications, to further incentivise quick voluntary repatriations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Assisted Voluntary Return for Families and Children: This program is open to non-European people with children and lone migrant children. They are given a cash grant of £500 to relocate and £2,000 to reintegrate to their communities per person.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One can apply to this scheme before their asylum claim has been rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Assisted Voluntary Return of Irregular Migrants: This program provides help to illegal immigrants and immigrants who have overstayed to return to their country of origin. They are not offered monetary assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Facilitated Returns Scheme: This aids foreign national prisoners, once they have completed their sentence they are given £500 cash and a reintegration package of £3,000. If they leave before the end of their sentence they can receive  up to £2,000 more.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Positive Futures Project: This project is offered to young unaccompanied adults. After applying to an assisted voluntary return program, they can receive training to develop skills and gain additional education to help them build a home and have a career in the country they are returning to.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Voluntary Assisted Return and Reintegration Programme: One can receive maximum £1,500 per person relocating to their home country. This program aids applicants with travel documents and booking flight.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada – the Canadian government opted to not renew their 'Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration' pilot program in early 2015, after an evaluation by the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Border_Services_Agency" title="Canada Border Services Agency">Canada Border Services Agency</a>. The program sought to reduce the number of failed asylum appeals and incentivize voluntarily leaving the country, but did not achieve all its objectives.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States – in 2018, the American government announced the end of <a href="/wiki/Temporary_protected_status" title="Temporary protected status">temporary protected status</a> (TPS) for 200,000 <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvadoran">Salvadoran</a> immigrants. The decision, implemented by President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, gave an 18-month period for immigrants to find a legal route to staying in the U.S. or to return to their country of origin. The termination of TPS comes into effect on September 9, 2019, granting immigrants a grace period for voluntarily repatriation, before facing deportation beyond that date.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rest_of_world">Rest of world</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rest of world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Israel – the Israeli government withhold 20 percent of asylum seekers' wages, in an attempt to encourage individuals to leave the country, where they will have access to the funds upon return to their homeland. The scheme was launched from May 2016, and currently applies to asylum seekers from <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Japan – after the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">2008 recession</a>, Japan initiated a policy of paying unemployed workers to leave the country, mainly targeting the Latin American <a href="/wiki/Dekasegi" title="Dekasegi">Dekasegi</a> population for voluntary return.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incentivised scheme offered $3,000 (USD), plus $2,000 per dependent, and came with additional clauses that children of the returnee (<a href="/wiki/Immigrant_generations" title="Immigrant generations">second-generation</a> immigrants) would not be able to later emigrate to Japan regardless of circumstance.<sup id="cite_ref-Dekasegi_children_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dekasegi_children-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UNHCR_refugee_return_statistics">UNHCR refugee return statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: UNHCR refugee return statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <caption style="text-align: left;">Voluntary return movements of refugees between 2014 and 1998<sup id="cite_ref-unhcr.org_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unhcr.org-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">End-year </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">1998 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2000 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2002 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2004 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2006 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2008 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2010 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2012 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2014 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Returned refugees</td> <td>1,016,400</td> <td>767,500</td> <td>2,426,000</td> <td>1,434,400</td> <td>733,700</td> <td>603,800</td> <td>197,700</td> <td>525,900</td> <td>126,800</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"> <caption style="text-align: left;">Voluntary return movements of refugees by country between 2014 and 2010 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Returning from </th> <th rowspan="2">Returning to </th> <th colspan="2">2014 </th> <th colspan="2">2013<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2012<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2010<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 70px;">Total </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 70px;">UNHCR assisted </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 70px;">Total </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 70px;">UNHCR assisted </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 70px;">Total </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 70px;">UNHCR assisted </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 70px;">Total </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 70px;">UNHCR assisted </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 70px;">Total </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 70px;">UNHCR assisted </th></tr> <tr> <td>Afghanistan</td> <td>India</td> <td>210</td> <td>160</td> <td>120</td> <td>70</td> <td>110</td> <td>50</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Afghanistan</td> <td>Iran</td> <td>4,510</td> <td>4,510</td> <td>8,250</td> <td>8,250</td> <td>15,040</td> <td>15,040</td> <td>18,850</td> <td>18,850</td> <td>8,490</td> <td>8,490</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Afghanistan</td> <td>Pakistan</td> <td>12,990</td> <td>12,260</td> <td>31,220</td> <td>30,390</td> <td>83,420</td> <td>80,000</td> <td>52,100</td> <td>49,160</td> <td>109,380</td> <td>109,380</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Angola</td> <td>Botswana</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>430</td> <td>430</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Angola</td> <td>Congo</td> <td>180</td> <td>180</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>190</td> <td>190</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Angola</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></td> <td>12,480</td> <td>12,480</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>15,570</td> <td>15,570</td> <td>1,540</td> <td>1,540</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Angola</td> <td>Namibia</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2,810</td> <td>2,810</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Angola</td> <td>Zambia</td> <td>1,620</td> <td>1,620</td> <td>1,160</td> <td>1,160</td> <td>1,090</td> <td>980</td> <td>2,370</td> <td>2,370</td> <td>400</td> <td>400</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a></td> <td>Germany</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>180</td> <td>0</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a></td> <td>Sweden</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>200</td> <td>0</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Burundi</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></td> <td>900</td> <td>900</td> <td>1,500</td> <td>1,500</td> <td>480</td> <td>480</td> <td>3,940</td> <td>3,940</td> <td>3,640</td> <td>3,640</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Burundi</td> <td>Kenya</td> <td>290</td> <td>290</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Burundi</td> <td>Tanzania</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>510</td> <td>510</td> <td>35,200</td> <td>35,200</td> <td>340</td> <td>340</td> <td>1,010</td> <td>1,010</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cameroon</td> <td>Nigeria</td> <td>390</td> <td>390</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">CAR</a></td> <td>Cameroon</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>350</td> <td>350</td> <td>2,500</td> <td>2,500</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">CAR</a></td> <td>Chad</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,970</td> <td>1,970</td> <td>6,470</td> <td>6,470</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chad</td> <td>Cameroon</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>380</td> <td>380</td> <td>1,710</td> <td>1,710</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chad</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">CAR</a></td> <td>270</td> <td>270</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Congo</td> <td>Gabon</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>710</td> <td>710</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Côte d'Ivoire</td> <td>Benin</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>100</td> <td>100</td> <td>110</td> <td>110</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Côte d'Ivoire</td> <td>Guinea</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>390</td> <td>390</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Côte d'Ivoire</td> <td>Liberia</td> <td>12,210</td> <td>12,200</td> <td>18,720</td> <td>18,270</td> <td>71,990</td> <td>7,110</td> <td>135,110</td> <td>135,110</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Côte d'Ivoire</td> <td>Mali</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>160</td> <td>160</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Côte d'Ivoire</td> <td>Togo</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>660</td> <td>660</td> <td>460</td> <td>410</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croatia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a></td> <td>160</td> <td>160</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>230</td> <td>230</td> <td>400</td> <td>110</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croatia</td> <td>Serbia</td> <td>120</td> <td>120</td> <td>410</td> <td>410</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>200</td> <td>200</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></td> <td>Burundi</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>290</td> <td>290</td> <td>260</td> <td>260</td> <td>490</td> <td>490</td> <td>1,100</td> <td>1,100</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">CAR</a></td> <td>6,970</td> <td>6,970</td> <td>310</td> <td>10</td> <td>790</td> <td>0</td> <td>11,640</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></td> <td>Congo</td> <td>10,070</td> <td>10,070</td> <td>62,870</td> <td>62,870</td> <td>46,390</td> <td>46,390</td> <td>760</td> <td>20</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></td> <td>South Sudan</td> <td>2,510</td> <td>2,510</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></td> <td>Sudan</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4,470</td> <td>0</td> <td>2,440</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></td> <td>Uganda</td> <td>5,540</td> <td>5,540</td> <td>320</td> <td>10</td> <td>21,910</td> <td>10</td> <td>7,990</td> <td>0</td> <td>6,180</td> <td>10</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></td> <td>Tanzania</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>100</td> <td>100</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></td> <td>Zambia</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>130</td> <td>130</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>9,270</td> <td>9,270</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ethiopia</td> <td>South Sudan</td> <td>440</td> <td>440</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Austria</td> <td>360</td> <td>360</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Egypt</td> <td>100</td> <td>100</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>France</td> <td>100</td> <td>100</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Germany</td> <td>320</td> <td>320</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Greece</td> <td>450</td> <td>450</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Indonesia</td> <td>960</td> <td>960</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Iran</td> <td>280</td> <td>280</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Italy</td> <td>350</td> <td>350</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Jordan</td> <td>750</td> <td>750</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Kazakhstan</td> <td>2,310</td> <td>2,310</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Lebanon</td> <td>110</td> <td>110</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Libya</td> <td>240</td> <td>240</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>New Zealand</td> <td>370</td> <td>370</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Norway</td> <td>250</td> <td>250</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Syria</td> <td>1,960</td> <td>1,960</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>Turkey</td> <td>120</td> <td>120</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a></td> <td>430</td> <td>430</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></td> <td>740</td> <td>740</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iraq</td> <td>various/unknown</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>60,880</td> <td>48,190</td> <td>82,270</td> <td>40,460</td> <td>67,090</td> <td>67,090</td> <td>28,820</td> <td>25,180</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kenya</td> <td>Uganda</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>320</td> <td>320</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberia</td> <td>Côte d'Ivoire</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>17,590</td> <td>17,590</td> <td>1,170</td> <td>1,170</td> <td>920</td> <td>920</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberia</td> <td>Gambia</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>330</td> <td>330</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberia</td> <td>Ghana</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4,710</td> <td>4,710</td> <td>470</td> <td>470</td> <td>180</td> <td>180</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberia</td> <td>Guinea</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5,550</td> <td>5,550</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>120</td> <td>120</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberia</td> <td>Nigeria</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>170</td> <td>170</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberia</td> <td>Sierra Leone</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,030</td> <td>1,030</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Libya</td> <td>Tunisia</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,050</td> <td>0</td> <td>148,950</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mali</td> <td>Algeria</td> <td>2,370</td> <td>2,370</td> <td>920</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mali</td> <td>Burkina Faso</td> <td>7,740</td> <td>7,740</td> <td>3,760</td> <td>110</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mali</td> <td>Mauritania</td> <td>4,550</td> <td>4,550</td> <td>3,900</td> <td>2,050</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mali</td> <td>Niger</td> <td>6,300</td> <td>6,300</td> <td>5,690</td> <td>2,760</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mauritania</td> <td>Senegal</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>6,210</td> <td>6,210</td> <td>1,370</td> <td>1,370</td> <td>1,390</td> <td>1,390</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Myanmar</td> <td>Thailand</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3,000</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pakistan</td> <td>Afghanistan</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3,450</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rwanda</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></td> <td>5,650</td> <td>5,650</td> <td>7,200</td> <td>7,200</td> <td>10,780</td> <td>10,780</td> <td>8,350</td> <td>8,350</td> <td>10,810</td> <td>10,810</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rwanda</td> <td>Uganda</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>410</td> <td>410</td> <td>380</td> <td>380</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbia</td> <td>Macedonia</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>250</td> <td>210</td> <td>160</td> <td>150</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbia</td> <td>Montenegro</td> <td>130</td> <td>130</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>120</td> <td>120</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>200</td> <td>200</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Somalia</td> <td>Ethiopia</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4,480</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Somalia</td> <td>Ethiopia</td> <td>490</td> <td>490</td> <td>28,830</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Somalia</td> <td>Sudan</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>130</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Somalia</td> <td>Yemen</td> <td>1,990</td> <td>0</td> <td>2,620</td> <td>30</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>110</td> <td>110</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Sudan</td> <td>Israel</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>330</td> <td>160</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Sudan</td> <td>Uganda</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>280</td> <td>280</td> <td>1,910</td> <td>1,910</td> <td>890</td> <td>890</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sri Lanka</td> <td>India</td> <td>500</td> <td>400</td> <td>910</td> <td>710</td> <td>1,450</td> <td>1,260</td> <td>2,310</td> <td>1,670</td> <td>5,040</td> <td>5,040</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sudan</td> <td>Chad</td> <td>13,110</td> <td>13,110</td> <td>16,940</td> <td>16,940</td> <td>17,660</td> <td>17,660</td> <td>30,890</td> <td>14,670</td> <td>4,000</td> <td>0</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sudan</td> <td>Egypt</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>150</td> <td>150</td> <td>140</td> <td>120</td> <td>250</td> <td>250</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sudan</td> <td>Ethiopia</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>270</td> <td>270</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sudan</td> <td>Israel</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>100</td> <td>100</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sudan</td> <td>Libya</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>17,820</td> <td>17,820</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sudan</td> <td>Uganda</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,670</td> <td>1,670</td> <td>810</td> <td>810</td> <td>2,670</td> <td>2,670</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Syria</td> <td>Turkey</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>140,760</td> <td>0</td> <td>68,570</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Togo</td> <td>Benin</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>100</td> <td>100</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkey</td> <td>Iraq</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>240</td> <td>0</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zimbabwe</td> <td>South Africa</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>100</td> <td>60</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voluntary_return_of_other_migrants">Voluntary return of other migrants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Voluntary return of other migrants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voluntary_return_statistics">Voluntary return statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Voluntary return statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"> <caption style="text-align: left;">Voluntary returns via IOM AVRR between 2014 and 2010<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 90px;">Country/Territory </th> <th colspan="4">departed from country/territory </th> <th colspan="4">returned to country/territory </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2011 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2012 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2013 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2014 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2011 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2012 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2013 </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 90px;">2014 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td></td> <td>17</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>834</td> <td>2,019</td> <td>1,624</td> <td>1,304</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>85</td> <td>330</td> <td>326</td> <td>1,239</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>118</td> <td>176</td> <td>140</td> <td>41</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>108</td> <td>69</td> <td>69</td> <td>76</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>123</td> <td>140</td> <td>77</td> <td>89</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>504</td> <td>532</td> <td>448</td> <td>435</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Australia</td> <td>478</td> <td>428</td> <td>699</td> <td>800</td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>24</td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Austria</td> <td>2,880</td> <td>2,601</td> <td>2,896</td> <td>2,299</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>7</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>180</td> <td>220</td> <td>216</td> <td>249</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>126</td> <td>1,208</td> <td>2,000</td> <td>1,334</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>10</td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></td> <td>88</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>281</td> <td>269</td> <td>188</td> <td>159</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium</td> <td>3,358</td> <td>4,694</td> <td>4,388</td> <td>3,459</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></td> <td></td> <td>200</td> <td>9</td> <td>3</td> <td>7</td> <td>19</td> <td>73</td> <td>19</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>300</td> <td>256</td> <td>225</td> <td>183</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td>164</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>221</td> <td>500</td> <td>935</td> <td>1,511</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>8</td> <td>12</td> <td>3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,903</td> <td>1,802</td> <td>1,418</td> <td>881</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>67</td> <td>51</td> <td>147</td> <td>330</td> <td>76</td> <td>90</td> <td>82</td> <td>75</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>21</td> <td>46</td> <td>208</td> <td>91</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>103</td> <td>133</td> <td>34</td> <td>29</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>8</td> <td>3</td> <td>15</td> <td>30</td> <td>64</td> <td>30</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>111</td> <td>90</td> <td>159</td> <td>345</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canada</td> <td></td> <td>862</td> <td>2,024</td> <td>1,244</td> <td></td> <td>13</td> <td>67</td> <td>27</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>18</td> <td>19</td> <td>25</td> <td>25</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">CAR</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>16</td> <td>94</td> <td>23</td> <td>15</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>113</td> <td>183</td> <td>169</td> <td>120</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>China</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>873</td> <td>674</td> <td>657</td> <td>519</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>207</td> <td>346</td> <td>320</td> <td>293</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>6</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Congo</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>26</td> <td>14</td> <td>26</td> <td>74</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>82</td> <td>187</td> <td>109</td> <td>96</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></td> <td></td> <td>93</td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>12</td> <td>9</td> <td>1</td> <td>7</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>154</td> <td>81</td> <td>215</td> <td>316</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>42</td> <td>76</td> <td>140</td> <td>120</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>13</td> <td>9</td> <td>15</td> <td>20</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td>202</td> <td>223</td> <td>146</td> <td>173</td> <td>7</td> <td>60</td> <td>82</td> <td>64</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denmark</td> <td>64</td> <td>66</td> <td>219</td> <td>110</td> <td>8</td> <td>19</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></td> <td>1,209</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>71</td> <td>81</td> <td>39</td> <td>34</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>752</td> <td>780</td> <td>356</td> <td>276</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>54</td> <td>296</td> <td>185</td> <td>173</td> <td>93</td> <td>221</td> <td>366</td> <td>501</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>19</td> <td>47</td> <td>90</td> <td>79</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>11</td> <td>13</td> <td>11</td> <td>13</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td>8</td> <td>29</td> <td>17</td> <td>23</td> <td>8</td> <td>11</td> <td>6</td> <td>9</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,127</td> <td>1,515</td> <td>542</td> <td>1,610</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>16</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>16</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>304</td> <td>327</td> <td>342</td> <td>318</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>France</td> <td></td> <td>6</td> <td>3</td> <td>8</td> <td>6</td> <td>11</td> <td>10</td> <td>8</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>56</td> <td>221</td> <td>300</td> <td>76</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>595</td> <td>706</td> <td>1,157</td> <td>1,874</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany</td> <td>6,319</td> <td>7,546</td> <td>10,251</td> <td>13,574</td> <td>16</td> <td>22</td> <td>9</td> <td>6</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></td> <td></td> <td>17</td> <td>10</td> <td></td> <td>226</td> <td>324</td> <td>355</td> <td>222</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>760</td> <td>7,290</td> <td>9,325</td> <td>7,357</td> <td>3</td> <td>8</td> <td>7</td> <td>15</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>19</td> <td>28</td> <td>28</td> <td>25</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></td> <td></td> <td>102</td> <td>13</td> <td>12</td> <td>161</td> <td>142</td> <td>244</td> <td>270</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>15</td> <td>55</td> <td>68</td> <td>33</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,211</td> <td>67</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td>35</td> <td>73</td> <td>95</td> <td>113</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>37</td> <td>11</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>9</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hungary</td> <td>365</td> <td>414</td> <td>353</td> <td>491</td> <td>30</td> <td>347</td> <td>1,099</td> <td>517</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>India</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>68</td> <td>515</td> <td>415</td> <td>604</td> <td>530</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td>297</td> <td></td> <td>955</td> <td>561</td> <td>175</td> <td>145</td> <td>184</td> <td>139</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>431</td> <td>550</td> <td>1,346</td> <td>1,219</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2,667</td> <td>2,472</td> <td>1,930</td> <td>1,280</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ireland</td> <td>402</td> <td>359</td> <td>340</td> <td>188</td> <td>10</td> <td>19</td> <td>15</td> <td>12</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Israel</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>39</td> <td>33</td> <td>64</td> <td>15</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy</td> <td>506</td> <td>848</td> <td>993</td> <td>867</td> <td>26</td> <td>17</td> <td>7</td> <td>21</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>14</td> <td>17</td> <td>13</td> <td>17</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Japan</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td>7</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>7</td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>51</td> <td>66</td> <td>68</td> <td>99</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>58</td> <td>207</td> <td>182</td> <td>147</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></td> <td></td> <td>543</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>53</td> <td>75</td> <td>68</td> <td>48</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>41</td> <td>16</td> <td>45</td> <td>57</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,569</td> <td>1,334</td> <td>1,542</td> <td>1,546</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>80</td> <td>119</td> <td>123</td> <td>81</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td>73</td> <td>89</td> <td>82</td> <td>94</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>5</td> <td>16</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>103</td> <td>95</td> <td>60</td> <td>143</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>19</td> <td>15</td> <td>34</td> <td>18</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td> <td></td> <td>172</td> <td>847</td> <td>218</td> <td>27</td> <td>50</td> <td>80</td> <td>82</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>47</td> <td>65</td> <td>43</td> <td>66</td> <td>12</td> <td>11</td> <td>4</td> <td>15</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td>101</td> <td>97</td> <td>116</td> <td>186</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>7</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,961</td> <td>1,872</td> <td>2,526</td> <td>2,387</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td>9</td> <td>1</td> <td>15</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>38</td> <td>3</td> <td>15</td> <td>12</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td> <td></td> <td>36</td> <td>23</td> <td>11</td> <td>44</td> <td>42</td> <td>20</td> <td>21</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></td> <td></td> <td>21</td> <td>8</td> <td>7</td> <td>55</td> <td>32</td> <td>173</td> <td>126</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></td> <td>29</td> <td>39</td> <td>55</td> <td>72</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mauretania" title="Mauretania">Mauretania</a></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>8</td> <td>18</td> <td>35</td> <td>14</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></td> <td></td> <td>23</td> <td>23</td> <td></td> <td>77</td> <td>37</td> <td>58</td> <td>31</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mexico</td> <td>1,141</td> <td>897</td> <td>17</td> <td>25</td> <td>20</td> <td>190</td> <td>56</td> <td>45</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></td> <td>38</td> <td>73</td> <td>10</td> <td></td> <td>248</td> <td>199</td> <td>213</td> <td>149</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>632</td> <td>527</td> <td>458</td> <td>541</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>26</td> <td>127</td> <td>83</td> <td>174</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>440</td> <td>89</td> <td>498</td> <td>1,158</td> <td>135</td> <td>523</td> <td>482</td> <td>416</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>12</td> <td>11</td> <td>9</td> <td>7</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>15</td> <td>48</td> <td>72</td> <td>137</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>34</td> <td>17</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>147</td> <td>202</td> <td>205</td> <td>136</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></td> <td></td> <td>50</td> <td>17</td> <td>46</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>3,473</td> <td>2,905</td> <td>2,489</td> <td>2,269</td> <td>11</td> <td>10</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Zealand</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></td> <td>12</td> <td>13</td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td>14</td> <td>23</td> <td>25</td> <td>35</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></td> <td>78</td> <td></td> <td>82</td> <td>6</td> <td>15</td> <td>48</td> <td>31</td> <td>30</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>623</td> <td>689</td> <td>914</td> <td>609</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norway</td> <td>1,813</td> <td>1,753</td> <td>1,899</td> <td>1,622</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td>14</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>586</td> <td>4,324</td> <td>5,606</td> <td>3,860</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>84</td> <td>60</td> <td>41</td> <td>21</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td>7</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>3</td> <td>177</td> <td>278</td> <td>31</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>13</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td>74</td> <td>60</td> <td>49</td> <td>75</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>149</td> <td>149</td> <td>183</td> <td>207</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>92</td> <td>132</td> <td>244</td> <td>198</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>1,149</td> <td>753</td> <td>1,949</td> <td>1,463</td> <td>34</td> <td>65</td> <td>52</td> <td>44</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>594</td> <td>753</td> <td>692</td> <td>412</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>15</td> <td>16</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>131</td> <td>312</td> <td>197</td> <td>113</td> <td>198</td> <td>168</td> <td>140</td> <td>776</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>12</td> <td>117</td> <td>10</td> <td></td> <td>2,561</td> <td>2,607</td> <td>5,048</td> <td>4,538</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>32</td> <td>40</td> <td>35</td> <td>21</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>13</td> <td>39</td> <td>23</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>52</td> <td>12</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>16</td> <td>23</td> <td>14</td> <td>7</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>124</td> <td>201</td> <td>328</td> <td>283</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2,921</td> <td>3,917</td> <td>3,933</td> <td>4,570</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></td> <td></td> <td>6</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>25</td> <td>29</td> <td>37</td> <td>23</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></td> <td>95</td> <td>54</td> <td>50</td> <td>57</td> <td>51</td> <td>141</td> <td>181</td> <td>188</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td>11</td> <td>11</td> <td>20</td> <td>16</td> <td>11</td> <td>10</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></td> <td></td> <td>990</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>1,005</td> <td>14</td> <td>13</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td> <td>197</td> <td>247</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>48</td> <td>36</td> <td>20</td> <td>38</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>15</td> <td>120</td> <td>74</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spain</td> <td>823</td> <td>785</td> <td>758</td> <td>889</td> <td>14</td> <td>12</td> <td>9</td> <td>21</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>205</td> <td>847</td> <td>409</td> <td>374</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>66</td> <td>276</td> <td>161</td> <td>216</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>32</td> <td>46</td> <td>56</td> <td>58</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sweden</td> <td>78</td> <td>98</td> <td>98</td> <td>63</td> <td>8</td> <td>14</td> <td>12</td> <td>10</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Switzerland</td> <td>1,130</td> <td>2,289</td> <td>1,655</td> <td>478</td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>77</td> <td>13</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>74</td> <td>45</td> <td>49</td> <td>77</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></td> <td>912</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>589</td> <td>58</td> <td>47</td> <td>50</td> <td>35</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>49</td> <td>13</td> <td>25</td> <td>17</td> <td>24</td> <td>22</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></td> <td></td> <td>183</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>21</td> <td>26</td> <td>74</td> <td>31</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>6</td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td></td> <td>9</td> <td>251</td> <td>99</td> <td>278</td> <td>451</td> <td>609</td> <td>139</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>200</td> <td>569</td> <td>618</td> <td>495</td> <td>384</td> <td>371</td> <td>256</td> <td>276</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>18</td> <td>89</td> <td>74</td> <td>4</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks and Caicos">Turks and Caicos</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>47</td> <td>62</td> <td>51</td> <td>70</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>159</td> <td>72</td> <td>21</td> <td></td> <td>699</td> <td>677</td> <td>789</td> <td>970</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>7</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>8</td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></td> <td>874</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td>53</td> <td>41</td> <td>59</td> <td>50</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>76</td> <td>137</td> <td>32</td> <td>41</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>107</td> <td>39</td> <td>42</td> <td>33</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>148</td> <td>200</td> <td>159</td> <td>190</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>34</td> <td>34</td> <td>45</td> <td>34</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>371</td> <td>215</td> <td>251</td> <td>179</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></td> <td>128</td> <td>794</td> <td>335</td> <td>827</td> <td>11</td> <td>40</td> <td>46</td> <td>29</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></td> <td></td> <td>34</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>20</td> <td>8</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>90</td> <td>35</td> <td>5</td> <td>12</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Dekasegi_children-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dekasegi_children_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dekasegi_children_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/japan-pays-immigrants-to-leave-2009-4?IR=T">"Japan Pays Immigrants To Leave"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. April 23, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Japan+Pays+Immigrants+To+Leave&rft.date=2016-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fjapan-pays-immigrants-to-leave-2009-4%3FIR%3DT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/449aa7c92.pdf">Voluntary Repatriation</a>, UNHCR</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lawjournal.mcgill.ca-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lawjournal.mcgill.ca_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lawjournal.mcgill.ca_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329124345/http://lawjournal.mcgill.ca/userfiles/other/5818395-581.art.Sharpe.pdf">"THE 1969 AFRICAN REFUGEE CONVENTION: INNOVATIONS, MISCONCEPTIONS, AND OMISSIONS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawjournal.mcgill.ca/userfiles/other/5818395-581.art.Sharpe.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-03-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+1969+AFRICAN+REFUGEE+CONVENTION%3A+INNOVATIONS%2C+MISCONCEPTIONS%2C+AND+OMISSIONS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawjournal.mcgill.ca%2Fuserfiles%2Fother%2F5818395-581.art.Sharpe.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrachet2016" class="citation journal cs1">Brachet, Julien (2016). "Policing the Desert: The IOM in Libya Beyond War and Peace". <i>Antipode</i>. <b>48</b> (2): 272–292. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fanti.12176">10.1111/anti.12176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antipode&rft.atitle=Policing+the+Desert%3A+The+IOM+in+Libya+Beyond+War+and+Peace&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=272-292&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fanti.12176&rft.aulast=Brachet&rft.aufirst=Julien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unhcr.org/3bfe68d32.pdf">"HANDBOOK on VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION: INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UNHCR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HANDBOOK+on+VOLUNTARY+REPATRIATION%3A+INTERNATIONAL+PROTECTION&rft.pub=UNHCR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2F3bfe68d32.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncinas2016" class="citation journal cs1">Encinas, Monica (May 2016). "Assisted Voluntary Return: implications for women and children". <i>Forced Migration Review</i>. <b>1</b>: 84–86.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forced+Migration+Review&rft.atitle=Assisted+Voluntary+Return%3A+implications+for+women+and+children&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=84-86&rft.date=2016-05&rft.aulast=Encinas&rft.aufirst=Monica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeekes2017" class="citation journal cs1">Leekes, Arjen (November 2017). "What drives 'soft deportation'? Understanding the rise in Assisted Voluntary Return among rejected asylum seekers in the Netherlands". <i>Population Space and Place</i>. <b>23</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+Space+and+Place&rft.atitle=What+drives+%27soft+deportation%27%3F+Understanding+the+rise+in+Assisted+Voluntary+Return+among+rejected+asylum+seekers+in+the+Netherlands&rft.volume=23&rft.date=2017-11&rft.aulast=Leekes&rft.aufirst=Arjen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLietaert2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lietaert, Ine (December 2017). "From Social Instrument to Migration Management Tool: Assisted Voluntary Return Programmes - The Case of Belgium". <i>Social Policy and Administration</i>. <b>51</b> (7): 961–980. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fspol.12185">10.1111/spol.12185</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Policy+and+Administration&rft.atitle=From+Social+Instrument+to+Migration+Management+Tool%3A+Assisted+Voluntary+Return+Programmes+-+The+Case+of+Belgium&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=961-980&rft.date=2017-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fspol.12185&rft.aulast=Lietaert&rft.aufirst=Ine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressreader.com/canada/edmonton-journal/20091110/281732675564028">"Denmark offers immigrants $21,000 to leave country"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Journal" title="Edmonton Journal">Edmonton Journal</a>. November 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Denmark+offers+immigrants+%2421%2C000+to+leave+country&rft.date=2009-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressreader.com%2Fcanada%2Fedmonton-journal%2F20091110%2F281732675564028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2009/11/denmark-woos-immigrants/">"Denmark woos immigrants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/98.4_Capital_FM" title="98.4 Capital FM">98.4 Capital FM</a>. November 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Denmark+woos+immigrants&rft.date=2009-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitalfm.co.ke%2Fnews%2F2009%2F11%2Fdenmark-woos-immigrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/denmark/6533845/Denmark-offers-immigrants-12000-to-return-home.html">"Denmark offers immigrants £12,000 to return home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. November 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Denmark+offers+immigrants+%C2%A312%2C000+to+return+home&rft.date=2009-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fdenmark%2F6533845%2FDenmark-offers-immigrants-12000-to-return-home.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2009/1109/123996-denmark/">"Denmark offers immigrants €13K to return home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89.ie" title="RTÉ.ie">RTÉ.ie</a>. November 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Denmark+offers+immigrants+%E2%82%AC13K+to+return+home&rft.date=2009-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2009%2F1109%2F123996-denmark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/a-new-broom-in-paris-france-to-pay-immigrants-to-return-home-a-484716.html">"France to Pay Immigrants to Return Home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>. May 24, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France+to+Pay+Immigrants+to+Return+Home&rft.date=2007-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Feurope%2Fa-new-broom-in-paris-france-to-pay-immigrants-to-return-home-a-484716.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/france-immigration-refugees-migrants-ofii-didier-leschi-a7439421.html">"French government offers refugees and migrants €2,500 to 'voluntarily' deport themselves"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. November 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=French+government+offers+refugees+and+migrants+%E2%82%AC2%2C500+to+%27voluntarily%27+deport+themselves&rft.date=2016-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrance-immigration-refugees-migrants-ofii-didier-leschi-a7439421.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.eu/article/germany-to-pay-for-migrants-to-go-home-gerd-muller/">"Germany to pay for migrants to go home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. December 9, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Germany+to+pay+for+migrants+to+go+home&rft.date=2016-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fgermany-to-pay-for-migrants-to-go-home-gerd-muller%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/program-paying-asylum-applicants-to-leave-germany-voluntarily-begins/a-37374656">"Program paying asylum applicants to leave Germany voluntarily begins"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. February 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Program+paying+asylum+applicants+to+leave+Germany+voluntarily+begins&rft.date=2017-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fprogram-paying-asylum-applicants-to-leave-germany-voluntarily-begins%2Fa-37374656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/germany-offer-asylum-seekers-1200-euros-voluntarily-return-home-countries-refugees-crisis-merkel-a7561701.html">"Germany to pay for migrants to go home"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. February 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Germany+to+pay+for+migrants+to+go+home&rft.date=2017-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fgermany-offer-asylum-seekers-1200-euros-voluntarily-return-home-countries-refugees-crisis-merkel-a7561701.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/1145888/germany-is-offering-to-pay-rejected-asylum-seekers-to-go-home/">"Germany is offering rejected asylum seekers up to €3,000 to go home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a>. December 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Germany+is+offering+rejected+asylum+seekers+up+to+%E2%82%AC3%2C000+to+go+home&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F1145888%2Fgermany-is-offering-to-pay-rejected-asylum-seekers-to-go-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/dec/8/germany-overrun-paying-migrants-go-home/">"Germany, overrun, paying migrants to go home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a>. December 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Germany%2C+overrun%2C+paying+migrants+to+go+home&rft.date=2017-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2Fdec%2F8%2Fgermany-overrun-paying-migrants-go-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-offers-refugees-benefits-in-kind-to-return-home/">"Germany offers refugees benefits in kind to return home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. December 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Germany+offers+refugees+benefits+in+kind+to+return+home&rft.date=2017-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fgermany-offers-refugees-benefits-in-kind-to-return-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/we-ll-buy-you-a-kitchen-if-you-leave-germany-tells-refugees-0n88fbrsz">"We'll buy you a kitchen if you leave, Germany tells refugees"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. December 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=We%27ll+buy+you+a+kitchen+if+you+leave%2C+Germany+tells+refugees&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fwe-ll-buy-you-a-kitchen-if-you-leave-germany-tells-refugees-0n88fbrsz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/15/ireland-pay-immigrants-go-home">"Irish government to pay immigrants to go home"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. November 14, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Irish+government+to+pay+immigrants+to+go+home&rft.date=2009-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fnov%2F15%2Fireland-pay-immigrants-go-home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/10085006/African-refugees-in-Italy-told-to-go-to-Germany.html">"African refugees in Italy 'told to go to Germany'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. May 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=African+refugees+in+Italy+%27told+to+go+to+Germany%27&rft.date=2013-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fgermany%2F10085006%2FAfrican-refugees-in-Italy-told-to-go-to-Germany.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.de/20130528/49961">"Italy paid refugees €500 to leave for Germany"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Local" title="The Local">The Local</a>. May 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Italy+paid+refugees+%E2%82%AC500+to+leave+for+Germany&rft.date=2013-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.de%2F20130528%2F49961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/26/norway-to-pay-asylum-seekers-extra-money-to-leave/">"Norway offers to pay asylum seekers £1000 bonus to leave the country"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. April 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Norway+offers+to+pay+asylum+seekers+%C2%A31000+bonus+to+leave+the+country&rft.date=2016-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F04%2F26%2Fnorway-to-pay-asylum-seekers-extra-money-to-leave%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/norway-offer-refugees-bonus-return-home-1556756">"Norway to offer refugees a bonus to return home"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Business_Times" title="International Business Times">International Business Times</a></i>. April 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Norway+to+offer+refugees+a+bonus+to+return+home&rft.date=2016-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Fnorway-offer-refugees-bonus-return-home-1556756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/21/spain">"Spain to pay immigrants to leave"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. July 21, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Spain+to+pay+immigrants+to+leave&rft.date=2008-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2008%2Fjul%2F21%2Fspain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2057231,00.html">"The Problem With Spain's Plan to Pay Migrants to Go Home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TIME" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME">TIME</a>. March 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Problem+With+Spain%27s+Plan+to+Pay+Migrants+to+Go+Home&rft.date=2011-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C2057231%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onenewsnow.com/culture/2016/08/29/thousands-of-migrants-paid-by-swedish-govt-to-leave">"Thousands of migrants paid by Swedish gov't to leave"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">OneNewsNow</a>. August 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thousands+of+migrants+paid+by+Swedish+gov%27t+to+leave&rft.date=2016-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onenewsnow.com%2Fculture%2F2016%2F08%2F29%2Fthousands-of-migrants-paid-by-swedish-govt-to-leave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLövkvist2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lövkvist, Christer (20 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gp.se/nyheter/sverige/fler-%C3%A5terv%C3%A4ndare-till-irak-1.1075555">"Fler återvändare till Irak"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6teborgs-Posten" title="Göteborgs-Posten">Göteborgs-Posten</a></i> (in Swedish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=G%C3%B6teborgs-Posten&rft.atitle=Fler+%C3%A5terv%C3%A4ndare+till+Irak&rft.date=2009-03-20&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6vkvist&rft.aufirst=Christer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gp.se%2Fnyheter%2Fsverige%2Ffler-%25C3%25A5terv%25C3%25A4ndare-till-irak-1.1075555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/refugee-crisis-asylum-seekers-sweden-applications-withdrawn-record-numbers-a7209231.html">"Sweden sees record numbers of asylum seekers withdraw applications and leave"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. August 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Sweden+sees+record+numbers+of+asylum+seekers+withdraw+applications+and+leave&rft.date=2016-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frefugee-crisis-asylum-seekers-sweden-applications-withdrawn-record-numbers-a7209231.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/15/switzerland-joins-denmark-in-seizing-assets-from-refugees-to-cover-costs">"Switzerland seizing assets from refugees to cover costs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. January 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Switzerland+seizing+assets+from+refugees+to+cover+costs&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fjan%2F15%2Fswitzerland-joins-denmark-in-seizing-assets-from-refugees-to-cover-costs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113035613/https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN0US2X620160114">"Swiss, like Danes, seize assets from refugees to recoup costs - TV"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. January 14, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKCN0US2X620160114">the original</a> on January 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Swiss%2C+like+Danes%2C+seize+assets+from+refugees+to+recoup+costs+-+TV&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faf.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FworldNews%2FidAFKCN0US2X620160114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/asylum-seekers-to-be-asked-will-you-leave-for-pound3000-57t6g9m9lmf">"Asylum seekers to be asked: will you leave for £3,000?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. January 13, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Asylum+seekers+to+be+asked%3A+will+you+leave+for+%C2%A33%2C000%3F&rft.date=2006-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fasylum-seekers-to-be-asked-will-you-leave-for-pound3000-57t6g9m9lmf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebber2011" class="citation journal cs1">Webber, Frances (April 2011). "How voluntary are voluntary returns?". <i>Race & Class</i>. <b>52</b> (4): 98–107. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0306396810396606">10.1177/0306396810396606</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144585504">144585504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Race+%26+Class&rft.atitle=How+voluntary+are+voluntary+returns%3F&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=98-107&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0306396810396606&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144585504%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Webber&rft.aufirst=Frances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2015" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Kim (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25071%2F1920-7336.40312">"Leaving Care: Unaccompanied Asylum-Seeking Young Afghans Facing Return"</a>. <i>Refuge</i>. <b>31</b> (2): 85–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.25071%2F1920-7336.40312">10.25071/1920-7336.40312</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Refuge&rft.atitle=Leaving+Care%3A+Unaccompanied+Asylum-Seeking+Young+Afghans+Facing+Return&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=85-94&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.25071%2F1920-7336.40312&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.25071%252F1920-7336.40312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/01/22/ottawa-to-end-contentious-refugee-return-program.html">"Ottawa to end contentious refugee return program"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. January 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ottawa+to+end+contentious+refugee+return+program&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2015%2F01%2F22%2Fottawa-to-end-contentious-refugee-return-program.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/08/politics/temporary-protected-status-el-salvador/index.html">"Trump administration ends protections for more than 200,000 Salvadorans"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. January 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trump+administration+ends+protections+for+more+than+200%2C000+Salvadorans&rft.date=2017-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F01%2F08%2Fpolitics%2Ftemporary-protected-status-el-salvador%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-asylum-seekers-pay-income-leave-country-return-immigration-middle-east-a7827481.html">"Israel taking money from asylum seekers' pay then returning it when they leave country"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. July 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Israel+taking+money+from+asylum+seekers%27+pay+then+returning+it+when+they+leave+country&rft.date=2016-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-asylum-seekers-pay-income-leave-country-return-immigration-middle-east-a7827481.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/23/business/global/23immigrant.html">"Japan Pays Foreign Workers to Go Home"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. April 22, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Japan+Pays+Foreign+Workers+to+Go+Home&rft.date=2009-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F04%2F23%2Fbusiness%2Fglobal%2F23immigrant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unhcr.org-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unhcr.org_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/statisticalyearbook/2014-annex-tables.zip">"2014 Statistical Yearbook: Table of Contents for the Excel Annex tables"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(ZIP)</span>. <i>Unhcr.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unhcr.org&rft.atitle=2014+Statistical+Yearbook%3A+Table+of+Contents+for+the+Excel+Annex+tables&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fstatisticalyearbook%2F2014-annex-tables.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2013/annex_tables.zip">"2013 Statistical Yearbook: Table of Contents for the Excel Annex tables"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(ZIP)</span>. <i>Unhcr.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unhcr.org&rft.atitle=2013+Statistical+Yearbook%3A+Table+of+Contents+for+the+Excel+Annex+tables&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fstatic%2Fstatistical_yearbook%2F2013%2Fannex_tables.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2012/2012_Statistical_Yearbook_annex_tables_v1.zip">"2012 Statistical Yearbook: Table of Contents for the Excel Annex tables"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(ZIP)</span>. <i>Unhcr.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unhcr.org&rft.atitle=2012+Statistical+Yearbook%3A+Table+of+Contents+for+the+Excel+Annex+tables&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fstatic%2Fstatistical_yearbook%2F2012%2F2012_Statistical_Yearbook_annex_tables_v1.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2011/2011_Statistical_Yearbook_annex_tables_v1.zip">"2011 Statistical Yearbook: Table of Contents for the Excel Annex tables"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(ZIP)</span>. <i>Unhcr.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unhcr.org&rft.atitle=2011+Statistical+Yearbook%3A+Table+of+Contents+for+the+Excel+Annex+tables&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fstatic%2Fstatistical_yearbook%2F2011%2F2011_Statistical_Yearbook_annex_tables_v1.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/static/statistical_yearbook/2010/2011-SYB10-annex-tables.zip">"2010 Statistical Yearbook: Table of Contents for the Excel Annex tables"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(ZIP)</span>. <i>Unhcr.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unhcr.org&rft.atitle=2010+Statistical+Yearbook%3A+Table+of+Contents+for+the+Excel+Annex+tables&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fstatic%2Fstatistical_yearbook%2F2010%2F2011-SYB10-annex-tables.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/our_work/DMM/AVRR/AVRR-at-a-glance-2015.pdf">"ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN AND REINTEGRATION"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Organization for Migration (IOM)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASSISTED+VOLUNTARY+RETURN+AND+REINTEGRATION&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Migration+%28IOM%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iom.int%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Four_work%2FDMM%2FAVRR%2FAVRR-at-a-glance-2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoluntary+return" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&oldid=1234965126">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&oldid=1234965126</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Freedom_of_movement" title="Category:Freedom of movement">Freedom of movement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Refugees" title="Category:Refugees">Refugees</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Repatriation" title="Category:Repatriation">Repatriation</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Swedish-language_sources_(sv)" title="Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)">CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 July 2024, at 02:00<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_return&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rkk8l","wgBackendResponseTime":152,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.568","walltime":"0.699","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4144,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":92714,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3380,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":169634,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 495.909 1 -total"," 52.31% 259.421 1 Template:Reflist"," 35.12% 174.176 31 Template:Cite_news"," 19.78% 98.093 1 Template:Legal_status_of_persons"," 19.68% 97.582 2 Template:Sidebar"," 11.99% 59.436 3 Template:Citation_needed"," 9.91% 49.156 3 Template:Fix"," 8.71% 43.177 15 Template:Flagu"," 5.44% 26.962 6 Template:Category_handler"," 5.37% 26.644 8 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.278","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5252426,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75f86cb67d-47sv9","timestamp":"20241118210317","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Voluntary return","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voluntary_return","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q20380176","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q20380176","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2016-03-12T12:15:14Z","dateModified":"2024-07-17T02:00:03Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1a\/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_from_Egypt_%28Retour_d%27%C3%89gypte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>