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<span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hyang_in_native_Indonesians'_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hyang_in_native_Indonesians'_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hyang in native Indonesians' religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hyang_in_native_Indonesians'_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Spiritual entity in Java-Bali mythology</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HYANG.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/HYANG.gif/220px-HYANG.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/HYANG.gif/330px-HYANG.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/HYANG.gif/440px-HYANG.gif 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>Calligraphy <a href="/wiki/Javanese_Script" class="mw-redirect" title="Javanese Script">Javanese Script</a> "Hyang"</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acintya_Bali.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Acintya_Bali.jpg/220px-Acintya_Bali.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Acintya_Bali.jpg/330px-Acintya_Bali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Acintya_Bali.jpg/439px-Acintya_Bali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Acintya" title="Acintya">Acintya</a>, <i>Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa</i> as supreme <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> in <a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinist</a> belief.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Hyang</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Kawi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawi language">Kawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balinese_language" title="Balinese language">Balinese</a>) is a representation of the <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_gods" title="King of the gods">supreme being</a>, in ancient <a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Indonesia" title="Mythology of Indonesia">Java and Bali mythology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spiritual entity can be either considered <a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">divine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ancestral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestral">ancestral</a>. The reverence for this spiritual entity can be found in the folk religions of Java and Bali, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sunda Wiwitan</a> (<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> Sundanism or Cigugur Sundanism), <a href="/wiki/Kejawen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kejawen">Kejawen</a> (<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> non-monotheistic Javanism), <a href="/wiki/Kapitayan" title="Kapitayan">Kapitayan</a> (<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> monotheistic Javanism), and <a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Gama Tirta</a> (<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> Balinism). The realm where <i>Hyang</i> resides is called the <i>Kahyangan</i>, which is an <a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a> term that means "the abode of <i>Hyang</i>", "part of <i>Hyang</i>", or "<a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heaven</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Old_Javanese2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Old_Javanese2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_language" title="Old Sundanese language">Old Sundanese</a> manuscript <a href="/wiki/Sanghyang_Siksa_Kandang_Karesian" title="Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian">Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has stated that <i>Hyang</i> can be interpreted as "<a href="/wiki/Omnipotence" title="Omnipotence">Omnipotence</a>". Similarly, in the highest <a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sunda Wiwitan</a> <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a>, <i>Hyang</i> is also referred to as <i>Sang Hyang Kersa</i> (the Powerful).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Gama Tirta</a> <abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> Balinism describes Hyang as a venerated spiritual existence that deserves special reverence. Hyang is commonly described as a sacred and luminous personal form. It is also referred to as the name for a spiritual existence that has supernatural powers, portrayed like the sun in a dream and often mentioned in a <a href="/wiki/Masculine_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Masculine form">masculine form</a>. A Hyang's arrival in a person's life is reputed to give great contentment and happiness to the person. Indonesians generally recognize this term to refer to the cause of beauty, the cause of all existence (creator), or simply to refer to God.<sup id="cite_ref-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Kejawen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kejawen">Kejawen</a> <abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> Javanism, the concept of the <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> is described as the <i>Sang Hyang Tunggal</i> or <i>Sang Hyang Wenang</i>. Raden Ngabehi <a href="/wiki/Ranggawarsita" title="Ranggawarsita">Ranggawarsita</a> in his book, <i>Paramayoga</i>, detailed the names and designations for Javanese concept of God as the objective of worship, including <i>Sang Hyang Suksma Kawekas</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Suksmesa</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Amurbeng Rat</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Sidhem Permanem</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Maha Luhur</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Wisesaning Tunggal</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Wenanging Jagad</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Maha Tinggi</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Manon</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Maha Sidhi</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Warmana</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Atmaweda</i>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Sang_Hyang_dans_TMnr_60052123.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Sang_Hyang_dans_TMnr_60052123.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Sang_Hyang_dans_TMnr_60052123.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Sang_Hyang_dans_TMnr_60052123.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Sang_Hyang_dans_TMnr_60052123.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Sang_Hyang_dans_TMnr_60052123.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Sang_Hyang_dans_TMnr_60052123.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>The sacred <a href="/wiki/Balinese_dance" title="Balinese dance">Balinese dance</a> <a href="/wiki/Sanghyang" title="Sanghyang">Sanghyang</a> Dedari involved girls being possessed by hyangs.</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i>Hyang</i> is <a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a> in origin.<sup id="cite_ref-Old_Javanese2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Old_Javanese2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It means "god", "goddess", "deified being", or "divinity".<sup id="cite_ref-Old_Javanese2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Old_Javanese2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remains in <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦲꦾꦁ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Hyang</i></span> and <a href="/wiki/Balinese_language" title="Balinese language">Balinese</a>: <span lang="ban">ᬳ᭄ᬬᬂ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Balinese-language romanization"><i lang="ban-Latn">Hyang</i></span>, which bears the same meaning. In <a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_language" title="Old Sundanese language">Old Sundanese</a>, the term <i>"nga-hyang"</i> means "disappear" or "unseen". In its development, the term "hyang" became the root word for many terms that are still known and used in modern <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Reverence</b>. If the word "hyang" is attached with prefixes attribute <i>Sang-, Dang-, Ra-</i>; to form the word <i>Sanghyang, Danghyang</i>, or <i>Rahyang</i>, the word itself is used to honor or revere <a href="/wiki/Gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Gods">gods</a> or the deceased ancestors. For example, <a href="/wiki/Dewi_Sri" title="Dewi Sri">Sanghyang Sri Pohaci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acintya" title="Acintya">Sang Hyang Widhi</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> refer to <a href="/wiki/Gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Gods">gods</a>, while the stylized name <a href="/wiki/Niskala_Wastu_Kancana" title="Niskala Wastu Kancana">Rahyang Dewa Niskala</a> refers to the name of the late king of <a href="/wiki/Sunda_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunda kingdom">the Sunda kingdom</a>. The term <i>Danghyang</i>, <i>Dhanyang</i>, or <i>Danyang</i> conversely is used to refer to the guardian spirits of certain sacred or haunted places. The name of <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">the Srivijayan</a> empire founder, <a href="/wiki/Dapunta_Hyang_Sri_Jayanasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa">Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa</a>, also contained the name "hyang" which suggested that he possessed supernatural power.</li> <li><b>Place</b>. <i>Kahyangan</i> — later <i>kayangan</i>, from the prefix-suffix <a href="/wiki/Conjugation_(grammar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugation (grammar)">conjugation</a> <i>ka-hyang-an</i> — refers to the realm "where hyangs reside". Because of the belief that hyang prefer high places, some mountainous regions are considered as the abode of hyang. For example, <a href="/wiki/Parahyangan" title="Parahyangan">Parahyangan</a> refers to the mountainous region of <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>. Originating from a conjugated word <i>para-hyang-an</i>; <i>para</i> indicates plural, while the suffix <i>-an</i> shows the place, so Parahyangan can be interpreted as the abode of hyangs. The term kahyangan is also used to refer to a type of <a href="/wiki/Pura_(Balinese_temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pura (Balinese temple)">Pura</a> or Balinese temple. For example, <i>Pura kahyangan jagad</i> is a Balinese temple located in the mountainous region as the counterparts of <i>pura segara</i>; a Balinese temple located by the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dieng_Plateau" title="Dieng Plateau">Dieng Plateau</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a> also shared the same origin, it is from the conjugation <i>di-hyang</i> which also means "hyang's place".</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pura_Parahyangan_Agung_Jagatkarta_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pura_Parahyangan_Agung_Jagatkarta_6.jpg/220px-Pura_Parahyangan_Agung_Jagatkarta_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pura_Parahyangan_Agung_Jagatkarta_6.jpg/330px-Pura_Parahyangan_Agung_Jagatkarta_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pura_Parahyangan_Agung_Jagatkarta_6.jpg/440px-Pura_Parahyangan_Agung_Jagatkarta_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Sembah" title="Sembah">Kramaning sembah</a></i> worship gesture during <a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Hindu Balinese</a> <i>sembahyang</i> at <a href="/wiki/Pura_Parahyangan_Agung_Jagatkarta" title="Pura Parahyangan Agung Jagatkarta">Pura Parahyangan Agung Jagatkarta</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Activity</b>. The word <i>sembahyang</i> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> is <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonymous</a> with the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Salat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salat">salat</a> ritual. It originated from the <a href="/wiki/Compound_(linguistics)" title="Compound (linguistics)">compound word</a> <i>sembah-hyang</i> which means "worship the hyang".<sup id="cite_ref-KBBI22_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KBBI22-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the instances of sembahyang is the <a href="/wiki/Balinese_dance" title="Balinese dance">Balinese</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sanghyang" title="Sanghyang">Sanghyang</a> Dedari</i>, a sacred dance that involves pre-pubescent girls performing complex dances in a <a href="/wiki/Trance" title="Trance">trance</a> state. Through complex rituals to summon the spirits, it is believed that the spirits <a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">possessed</a> the girls and manifested in their dance.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another example of the ritual is the <i>Sanghyang Jaran</i>, a Balinese version of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kuda_Lumping" title="Kuda Lumping">Kuda Lumping</a></i> dance ritual that also involves a form of spirit possession.</li></ul> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a>, the term <i>Hyang</i> means "god", "goddess", "deified being", or "divinity".<sup id="cite_ref-Old_Javanese2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Old_Javanese2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remains in <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>: <span lang="jv">ꦲꦾꦁ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Javanese-language romanization"><i lang="jv-Latn">Hyang</i></span> and <a href="/wiki/Balinese_language" title="Balinese language">Balinese</a>: <span lang="ban">ᬳ᭄ᬬᬂ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Balinese-language romanization"><i lang="ban-Latn">Hyang</i></span>, which bears the same meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-Old_Javanese2_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Old_Javanese2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanghyang_Tapak_inscription.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sanghyang_Tapak_inscription.jpg/220px-Sanghyang_Tapak_inscription.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sanghyang_Tapak_inscription.jpg/330px-Sanghyang_Tapak_inscription.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sanghyang_Tapak_inscription.jpg/440px-Sanghyang_Tapak_inscription.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1591" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sanghyang_Tapak_inscription" title="Sanghyang Tapak inscription">Sanghyang Tapak inscription</a> from West Java dated 952 saka (1030 CE) mentioned Sanghyang Tapak sacred sanctuary believed to be the abode of hyang spirits</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i>hyang</i>, now widely associated with <a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sunda Wiwitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kejawen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kejawen">Kejawen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinism</a>, developed in ancient <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> more than a millennium ago. This term has its roots in the traditional <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dynamism_(metaphysics)" title="Dynamism (metaphysics)">dynamism</a> in the beliefs of <a href="/wiki/Native_Indonesians" title="Native Indonesians">indigenous Indonesians</a> native to the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_archipelago" title="Indonesian archipelago">Indonesian archipelago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Native pre-Hindu, pre-Buddhist, and pre-Islamic Indonesians have venerated and revered <a href="/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor">ancestral spirits</a>. They also believed that some spirits may inhabit certain places such as large trees, stones, forests, mountains, or sacred places. The <i>hyang</i> concept had indigenously developed in the Indonesian archipelago and is not considered to have originated from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> <a href="/wiki/Dharmic_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharmic religions">dharmic religions</a>. </p><p>Before the adoption of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, the natives of the Indonesian archipelago believed in powerful but unseen spiritual entities that could be both benevolent and malevolent. They also believed that the deceased ancestor had not gone away or disappeared completely. The ancestral spirit may gain god-like spiritual power and remain involved in their offspring’s worldly affairs. That is why the veneration and reverence to honor ancestors is an important element in the belief system of native ethnic groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Nias" title="Nias">Nias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dayak_people" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja">Toraja</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Papuan_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Papuan peoples">Papuan</a> ethnic groups, as well as many <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Indonesia" title="Ethnic groups in Indonesia">ethnic groups in Indonesia</a>. </p><p>In ancient <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balinese_people" title="Balinese people">Balinese</a> societies, this unseen spiritual entity is identified as "<i>hyang</i>". These ancestral divine spirits are believed to inhabit high places, such as <a href="/wiki/Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountains">mountains</a>, hills, and <a href="/wiki/Volcanoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanoes">volcanoes</a>. These mountainous regions are considered sacred realms, as the abode of gods and the resting place for the <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a> of the ancestors. </p><p>Several ancient Indonesian inscriptions dated from the Hindu-Buddhist period (8th to 15th century) mentioned <i>Hyang</i> either as the name of the sanctuary or the name of a deity revered in multiple <a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">temples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aling-aling_achter_de_tjandi_bentar_van_de_poera_Dharma_Sabha_in_de_onderafdeling_Badoeng,_KITLV_8288.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aling-aling_achter_de_tjandi_bentar_van_de_poera_Dharma_Sabha_in_de_onderafdeling_Badoeng%2C_KITLV_8288.tiff/lossy-page1-170px-Aling-aling_achter_de_tjandi_bentar_van_de_poera_Dharma_Sabha_in_de_onderafdeling_Badoeng%2C_KITLV_8288.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aling-aling_achter_de_tjandi_bentar_van_de_poera_Dharma_Sabha_in_de_onderafdeling_Badoeng%2C_KITLV_8288.tiff/lossy-page1-255px-Aling-aling_achter_de_tjandi_bentar_van_de_poera_Dharma_Sabha_in_de_onderafdeling_Badoeng%2C_KITLV_8288.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aling-aling_achter_de_tjandi_bentar_van_de_poera_Dharma_Sabha_in_de_onderafdeling_Badoeng%2C_KITLV_8288.tiff/lossy-page1-340px-Aling-aling_achter_de_tjandi_bentar_van_de_poera_Dharma_Sabha_in_de_onderafdeling_Badoeng%2C_KITLV_8288.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="2614" /></a><figcaption><i>Aling-aling</i> obstruction structure behind <i><a href="/wiki/Candi_bentar" title="Candi bentar">candi bentar</a></i> split gate in Pura Dharma Sabha in Badung, Bali</figcaption></figure> <p>"<i>Hyangs</i>" are said to only move in straight lines. Accordingly, traditional Balinese buildings have a wall called an <i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="aling-aling"></span><span class="vanchor-text">aling-aling</span></span></i> just inside the doorway, which keeps the spirits out because they only move in straight lines, and hence bounce off.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar walls can be seen at the entrance of some Javanese cemeteries. Parallel beliefs are found in other spiritual traditions, as in British <a href="/wiki/Corpse_road" title="Corpse road">corpse roads</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hyang_in_native_Indonesians'_religions"><span id="Hyang_in_native_Indonesians.27_religions"></span>Hyang in native Indonesians' religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hyang in native Indonesians' religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of <i>hyang</i> can be situated in native Indonesian religions in several ways: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinism</a>: It is <i><a href="/wiki/Acintya" title="Acintya">Sang Hyang Widhi</a></i>, the almighty God, the source of goodness brought by the Gods. Identified with Almighty Lord <i><a href="/wiki/Parashiva" title="Parashiva">Paramasiwa</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Javanese Buddhism</a>: It is <i><a href="/wiki/Sanghyang_Adi_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanghyang Adi Buddha">Sanghyang Adi Buddha</a></i>, the law of nature that continues to exist, a so-called God that cannot be forgotten, where his <i><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></i> was discovered by <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Nusantara" title="Islam Nusantara">Islam Nusantara</a>: according to the teachings of <i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Kalijaga" title="Sunan Kalijaga">Sunan Kalijaga</a></i> (Tuban Javanese missionary man), the <i>Sang Hyang</i> is the archipelagic ancestor of <i>Sang Hyang <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></i>, <i>Sang Hyang Sita</i> (prophet <a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a>), <i>Sang Hyang Wanuh</i> (prophet <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>), <i>Sang Hyang Jawith</i> (<a href="/wiki/Japheth" title="Japheth">Japheth</a>, son of Noah), <i>Sang Hyang Jawana</i> (believed as progenitor of the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a>), <i>Sang Hyang Jawata</i> (another progenitor of the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a>), <i>Sang Hyang Bathara Guru</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Ismaya</i>, <i>Sang Hyang Bathara Wisnu</i>, and so on, until the deceased parents are personified as the spiritual entity united with <i>Sang Hyang</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism">Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Java" title="Hinduism in Java">Hinduism in Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Javanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sunda Wiwitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aitu" title="Aitu">Aitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anito" title="Anito">Anito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atua" title="Atua">Atua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">Kami</a>, similar concept in Japanese <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> faith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupua" title="Kupua">Kupua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">Shen</a>, similar concept in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taotao_Mona" title="Taotao Mona">Taotao Mona</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sang_Hyang_Widhi2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mantrahindu.com/penjelasan-lengkap-acintya-sang-hyang-widhi-sang-hyang-tunggal/">"Penjelasan Lengkap Acintya (Sang Hyang Widhi atau Sang Hyang Tunggal) - Mantra Hindu Bali"</a>. <i>Mantra Hindu Bali</i> (in Indonesian). 2015-12-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1982), <i>Old Javanese-English Dictionary</i>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Institute_of_Southeast_Asian_and_Caribbean_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies">Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Javanese-English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Koninklijk+Instituut+voor+Taal-%2C+Land-+en+Volkenkunde&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Zoetmulder&rft.aufirst=P.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiliang2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Piliang, Santo Saba (2020-06-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=603rDwAAQBAJ&q=sunda+wiwitan+hyang&pg=PA241"><i>LEMURIA INDONESIA</i></a> (in Indonesian). Santo Saba Piliang.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LEMURIA+INDONESIA&rft.pub=Santo+Saba+Piliang&rft.date=2020-06-14&rft.aulast=Piliang&rft.aufirst=Santo+Saba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D603rDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsunda%2Bwiwitan%2Bhyang%26pg%3DPA241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2dcTAQAAMAAJ&q=sunda+wiwitan+religion"><i>Tempo: Indonesia's Weekly News Magazine</i></a>. Arsa Raya Perdana. 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tempo%3A+Indonesia%27s+Weekly+News+Magazine&rft.pub=Arsa+Raya+Perdana&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2dcTAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dsunda%2Bwiwitan%2Breligion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFadhil_Nugroho_Adi2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fadhil Nugroho Adi (2018-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.suaramerdeka.com/arsip/117432-konsep-ketuhanan-menurut-ajaran-kejawen">"Konsep Ketuhanan Menurut Ajaran Kejawen - suaramerdeka.com"</a>. <i>www.suaramerdeka.com</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sembahyang&rft.pub=Kamus+Besar+Bahasa+Indonesia+%28KBBI%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.web.id%2Fsembahyang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhoiri" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Khoiri, Agniya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnnindonesia.com/hiburan/20170128232759-241-189763/jejak-terakhir-sanghyang-dedari-tari-sakral-di-bali">"Jejak Terakhir Sanghyang Dedari, Tari Sakral di Bali"</a>. <i>hiburan</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=hiburan&rft.atitle=Jejak+Terakhir+Sanghyang+Dedari%2C+Tari+Sakral+di+Bali&rft.aulast=Khoiri&rft.aufirst=Agniya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnindonesia.com%2Fhiburan%2F20170128232759-241-189763%2Fjejak-terakhir-sanghyang-dedari-tari-sakral-di-bali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaluyoSuwardiAgung_FeryantoTri_Haryanto1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Waluyo; Suwardi; Agung Feryanto; Tri Haryanto (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ckeaZarYwZUC&q=Animisme+dan+Dinamisme+Sejarah+Budaya+Nusantara&pg=PA149"><i>Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial</i></a> (in Indonesian). Grasindo. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-462-904-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-462-904-8"><bdi>978-979-462-904-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilmu+Pengetahuan+Sosial&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Grasindo&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-979-462-904-8&rft.au=Waluyo&rft.au=Suwardi&rft.au=Agung+Feryanto&rft.au=Tri+Haryanto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DckeaZarYwZUC%26q%3DAnimisme%2Bdan%2BDinamisme%2BSejarah%2BBudaya%2BNusantara%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoekmono1995" class="citation book cs1">Soekmono, R. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7cd2Ha7fT90C&q=sang+hyang+candi&pg=PA144"><i>The Javanese Candi: Function and Meaning</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004102159" title="Special:BookSources/9004102159"><bdi>9004102159</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Javanese+Candi%3A+Function+and+Meaning&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9004102159&rft.aulast=Soekmono&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7cd2Ha7fT90C%26q%3Dsang%2Bhyang%2Bcandi%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bali-travel-life.com/bali-religion.html">Bali Religion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100704121228/http://www.bali-travel-life.com/bali-religion.html">Archived</a> 2010-07-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100704121228/http://www.bali-travel-life.com/bali-religion.html">Bali Religion</a></li></ul> </div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahasranama" title="Sahasranama">In Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101_Names_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="101 Names of God">In Zoroastrianism</a></li> <li>Abrahamic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_names_for_the_God_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Chinese names for the God of Abrahamic religions">In Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Names of God in Christianity">In Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">In Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">In Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi#Names" title="Hayyi Rabbi">In Mandaeism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adon" title="Adon">Adonai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khuda" title="Khuda">Khuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvardigar" title="Parvardigar">Parvardigar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathala" title="Bathala">Bathala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavan" title="Bhagavan">Bhagavan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Deva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiranyagarbha" title="Hiranyagarbha">Hiranyagarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasadiya_Sukta" title="Nasadiya Sukta">Tad Ekam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svayam_Bhagavan" title="Svayam Bhagavan">Svayam Bhagavan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_%C4%90%C3%A0i" class="mw-redirect" title="Cao Đài">Cao Đài</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukwu" title="Chukwu">Chukwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deus" title="Deus">Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devla" title="Devla">Devla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Sof" title="Ein Sof">Ein Sof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elyon" title="Elyon">El Elyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai" title="El Shaddai">El Shaddai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">God the Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">God the Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manitou" title="Manitou">Manitou</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gitche_Manitou" title="Gitche Manitou">Gitche Manitou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakan_Tanka" title="Wakan Tanka">Wakan Tanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haneunim" title="Haneunim">Haneunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huwa" title="Huwa">Huwa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hyang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acintya" title="Acintya">Acintya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghyang_Adi_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanghyang Adi Buddha">Sanghyang Adi Buddha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsistos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypsistos">Hypsistos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_that_I_Am" title="I Am that I Am">I Am that I Am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahbulon" title="Jahbulon">Jahbulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_SubGenius" title="Church of the SubGenius">Jehovah 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawu" title="Mawu">Mawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulungu" title="Mulungu">Mulungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngai" title="Ngai">Ngai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyame" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyame">Nyame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzambi_a_Mpungu" title="Nzambi a Mpungu">Nzambi a Mpungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olodumare" class="mw-redirect" title="Olodumare">Olodumare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cl%E1%BB%8Drun" title="Ọlọrun">Ọlọrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Olofi">Olofi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanobua" title="Osanobua">Osanobua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">Shen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhu_(Chinese_name_of_God)" title="Tianzhu (Chinese name of God)">Tianzhu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus_(deity)" title="Elagabalus (deity)">Elagabalus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenri-%C5%8C-no-Mikoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto">Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plotinus" title="Plotinus">The One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umvelinqangi" title="Umvelinqangi">Umvelinqangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unkulunkulu" title="Unkulunkulu">Unkulunkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">Ik Onkar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">YHWH</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah" title="Jehovah">Jehovah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jah" title="Jah">Jah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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