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Western - Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru

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however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Unda akaunti</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji&amp;returnto=Western" title="Tunakushajiisha kuingia, lakini siyo lazima. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Yaliyomo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mazingira_ya_kihistoria_ya_filamu_hizi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mazingira_ya_kihistoria_ya_filamu_hizi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mazingira ya kihistoria ya filamu hizi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mazingira_ya_kihistoria_ya_filamu_hizi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wahusika_katika_hadithi_za_Western" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wahusika_katika_hadithi_za_Western"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Wahusika katika hadithi za Western</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wahusika_katika_hadithi_za_Western-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maajabu_ya_Western" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maajabu_ya_Western"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Maajabu ya Western</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maajabu_ya_Western-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Western</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 29 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 29</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%89" title="فيلم غرب امريكى – Kiarabu cha Misri" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيلم غرب امريكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu cha Misri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western" title="Western – Kiasturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Western" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Kiasturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestern_filmi" title="Vestern filmi – Kiazerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vestern filmi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Kiazerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_western" title="Film western – Kibretoni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Film western" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Kibretoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="فیلمی ڕۆژاوایی – Kikurdi cha Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیلمی ڕۆژاوایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kikurdi cha Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_(film)" title="Western (film) – Kicheki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Western (film)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Kicheki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westernfilm" title="Westernfilm – Kidenmaki" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Westernfilm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Kidenmaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western" title="Western – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Western" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Western film" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakera_filmo" title="Vakera filmo – Kiesperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vakera filmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Kiesperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_w%C3%A9stern" title="Cine wéstern – Kihispania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cine wéstern" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Kihispania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4nnenelokuva" title="Lännenelokuva – Kifini" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lännenelokuva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Kifini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western" title="Western – Kifaransa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Western" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Kifaransa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_(cinema)" title="Western (cinema) – Kigalisi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Western (cinema)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Kigalisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarahyreike_hembiapogua%27u_omopir%C4%A9va" title="Kuarahyreike hembiapogua&#039;u omopirĩva – Kiguarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarahyreike hembiapogua&#039;u omopirĩva" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Kiguarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מערבון – Kiebrania" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערבון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Kiebrania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestern" title="Vestern – Kikorasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vestern" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kikorasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westernfilm" title="Westernfilm – Kihungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Westernfilm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Kihungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6" title="Վեստերն – Kiarmenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեստերն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Kiarmenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armizita_rebelo" title="Armizita rebelo – Kiido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Armizita rebelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Kiido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვესტერნი – Kijojia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვესტერნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Kijojia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_western" title="Cinema western – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cinema western" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western" title="Western – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Western" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_western" title="Cinema western – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cinema western" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%80)" title="Вестерн (киножанр) – Kirusi" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вестерн (киножанр)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Kirusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western" title="Western – Kituruki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Western" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Kituruki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვესტერნი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვესტერნი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E7%89%87" title="西部片 – Kichina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西部片" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kichina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" title="西部電影 – Kikantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西部電影" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kikantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172980#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hariri viungo vya lugha zingine" class="wbc-editpage">Hariri viungo</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Maeneo ya wiki"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Western" title="Onyesha kurasa zilizopo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Makala</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano:Western&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Mazungumzo kuhusu makala (bado haujaandikwa) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Majadiliano</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Badilisha lahaja ya lugha" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kiswahili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mitazamo"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Western"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;action=history" title="Mapitio ya awali ya ukurasa huu [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zana" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zana</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Zana</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vitendo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Western"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;action=history"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kijumla </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VingoViungavyoUkurasahuu/Western" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote za Wiki zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Viungo viungavyo ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RecentChangesLinked/Western" rel="nofollow" title="Mabadiliko ya karibuni ya katika kurasa zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Mabadiliko husika</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sw" title="Pakia picha, video, au sauti [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Pakia faili</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaMaalum" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote maalumu [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Kurasa maalumu</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;oldid=1326051" title="Kiungo cha daima cha kufikisha pitio hili la ukurasa"><span>Kiungo cha daima</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Maelezo ya ukurasa</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Taja&amp;page=Western&amp;id=1326051&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Taarifa juu ya njia ya kutaja ukurasa huu"><span>Taja ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWestern"><span>Pata URL iliyofupishwa</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWestern"><span>Pakua msimbo wa QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chapa/peleka nje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kusanya&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Western"><span>Tunga kitabu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Western&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Pakua kama PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;printable=yes" title="Toleo linalochapika la ukurasa huu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ukurasa wa kuchapika</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Miradi mingine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Westerns" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172980" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata kifungu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ficha</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sw" dir="ltr"><p><b>Western</b> (kutoka <a href="/wiki/Kiing." class="mw-redirect" title="Kiing.">kiing.</a> "West" - <i>magharibi</i>) ni aina ya <a href="/wiki/Fasihi" title="Fasihi">fasihi</a>, hadithi na <a href="/wiki/Filamu" title="Filamu">filamu</a> yenye asili katika <a href="/wiki/Marekani" title="Marekani">Marekani</a>. Western husimulia hadithi za watu walioishi wakati wa <a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_19" title="Karne ya 19">karne ya 19</a> hadi mwanzo wa <a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_20" title="Karne ya 20">karne ya 20</a> Marekani ilipoenea katika sehemu za magharibi ya <a href="/wiki/Amerika_ya_Kaskazini" title="Amerika ya Kaskazini">Amerika ya Kaskazini</a>. Filamu kuhusu kipindi hiki zilianza kupatikana tangu mwanzo wa <a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_20" title="Karne ya 20">karne ya 20</a>. </p><p>Kazi muhimu ya hadithi hizo ilikuwa kuwapa watu wa Marekani picha kuhusu historia yao na kuhusu tabia nzuri ya mababu walioanzisha na kueneza taifa lao. Ukweli wa kihistoria jinsi ilivyo katika hadithi za kitaifa haukuzingatiwa mara nyingi. </p><p>Filamu za Western zilitengenezwa baadaye pia huko <a href="/wiki/Ulaya" title="Ulaya">Ulaya</a> hasa <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a> na mara nyingi zilicheza na aina za <a href="/wiki/Wahusika" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahusika">wahusika</a> jinsi zilivyokuwa kawaida katika filamu za Marekani. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mazingira_ya_kihistoria_ya_filamu_hizi">Mazingira ya kihistoria ya filamu hizi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Hariri sehemu: Mazingira ya kihistoria ya filamu hizi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Mazingira ya kihistoria ya filamu hizi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Katika nyakati zile Marekani ilitawala sehemu za mashariki za Amerika ya Kaskazini tu na kupanua polepole kuelekea magharibi hadi kufikia <a href="/wiki/Pasifiki" title="Pasifiki">Pasifiki</a> na baadaye pia kutawala maeneo ya katikati. Palikuwa na eneo la "mpakani" (<i>frontier</i>) ambako wakulima walowezi na wafugaji kutoka Marekani waliingia katika nchi ya wakazi asilia au <a href="/wiki/Maindio" class="mw-redirect" title="Maindio">Maindio</a> na kuanzisha makazi yao huko. Mashamba na miji yale yalikuwa nje ya eneo la Marekani yenyewe. Kwa hiyo maisha yalikuwa kwa muda bila sheria wala serikali. Hata kama maeneo mapya yaliingizwa katika <a href="/wiki/Maungano_ya_Madola_ya_Amerika" class="mw-redirect" title="Maungano ya Madola ya Amerika">Maungano ya Madola ya Amerika</a> taasisi za serikali zilikuwa mbali kwa muda na kazi ya kuratibu maisha ilibaki mkononi wa watu wenyewe katika eneo fulani. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Buffalo_Bill%27s_Wild_West_Show.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Buffalo_Bill%27s_Wild_West_Show.jpg/300px-Buffalo_Bill%27s_Wild_West_Show.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Buffalo_Bill%27s_Wild_West_Show.jpg/450px-Buffalo_Bill%27s_Wild_West_Show.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Buffalo_Bill%27s_Wild_West_Show.jpg/600px-Buffalo_Bill%27s_Wild_West_Show.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>Macowboy kazini</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wahusika_katika_hadithi_za_Western">Wahusika katika hadithi za Western</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Hariri sehemu: Wahusika katika hadithi za Western" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Wahusika katika hadithi za Western"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hadithi zinazosimuliwa katika filamu za western mara nyingi huwa na watu wafuatao: </p> <ul><li><b>Cowboy</b> au mchunga ng'ombe - anayeonyeshwa mara nyingi kama mtu mwenye kazi ngumu asiye na elimu lakini ni hodari. Kwa kawaida ni mtu mwema.</li> <li><b>Sheriff</b> au mpolisi - anayepigana na waovu; huishi na kulala ofisini mwake anapoangalia pia wafungwa. Kazi yake ni pamoja na kutetea wafungwa wale kama watu wa mji wanataka kuwanyonga mara moja. Kwa kawaida ana uwezo wa kutumia bunduki yake haraka sana. Huwa ni mtu mwema.</li> <li><b>Rancher</b> au mwenye shamba la mifugo - yeye ni mwajiri wa macowboy. Ama ni mtajiri sana au yeye ni maskini anayeanza kujenga maisha yake na kupambana na matatizo ya kila aina. Mara nyingi ni mtu mwema lakini hutokea pia kama mbaya anayetaka kujitajirisha hata akimwua jirani</li> <li><b>Watu wa mjini</b> - ama mwenye duka au mwenye kilabu. Anahofia waovu wanaopita mjini na kupora pesa zake. Kwa kawaida huwa mwoga asiye tayari kumsaidia sheriff. <ul><li><b>Undertaker</b> au mzishi ni mtu wa mjini wa pekee anayefurahia kila maiti inayoongeza mapato yake. Kwa hiyo hana neno na waovu na kwa kawaidi hawana neno naye. Asipokuwa na nafasi ya pembeni kabisa katika hadithi yeye huwa ni mwanafalsafa wa filamu mwenye hekima nyingi kuhusu maisha na mauti.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Mwanamke</b> - aina yake ilikuwa haba huko magahribi ya kale kwa hiyo hakuna nafasi nyingi kwa waigizaji wa kike katika filamu za Western. <a href="/wiki/Mwanamke" title="Mwanamke">Mwanamke</a> hupatikana kwa namna mbili. <ul><li>Ama yeye ni mke wa rancher au wa mtu wa mjini. Huonyeshwa kama mcha Mungu na hodari akishika bunduki.</li> <li>Au yeye ni <a href="/wiki/Mwimbaji" title="Mwimbaji">mwimbaji</a> katiba kilabu anayedharauliwa na watu wa kawaida lakini macowboy humpenda; mara nyingi ni rafiki wa siri wa sheriff au mwovu mkuu anayeweza kumsaidia; hali halisi yeye ni mkahaba lakini filamu za Western za kawaida hawaonyeshi upande huu wa kazi yake waziwazi isipokuwa tangu kupatikana kwa <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a> upande huu wa maisha umeonyeshwa pia kiasi.</li> <li>Mwanamke wa pekee ni <b>binti wa rancher</b> anayerudi kutoka masomoni. Alipoondoka alikuwa msichana mdogo lakini akirudi ni mrembo anayesababisha mvurugo kati ya wanaume wa eneo mara moja. Huingzwa hasa katika filamu pasipo na haja ya damu nyingi.</li> <li>Kazi muhimu ya mwanamke katika filamu hizi ni kuwapa wanaume sababu ya kupigana juu yao ama kwa mikono -hasa kilabuni wanapovunja viti vingi pamoja na kioo kikubwa kilichopo katikati ya rafu ya vyupa- au kwa bunduki. Hii ni sababu ya kwamba undertaker huwaheshimu wakinamama hata asipopata nafasi nyingi ya kuwazika.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Mwovu mkuu na wenzake</b> ni pilipili na sukari ya filamu za Western. Wanafika kutoka nje na kuleta kifo mpaka wameuawa wenyewe. <ul><li>Mara wanashambulia benki mara wanafuata mipango ya kulipiza kisasi kwa sababu sheriff wa mji aliwahi kumwua kaka wa mwovu mkuu miaka 23 iliyopita. Wengine wameajiriwa na rancher mbaya kumfukuza jirani wake mwema kwa sababu chemchemi ya pekee iko ndani ya eneo lake.</li> <li>Wakati mwingine mwovu huonyeshwa kuwa na tabia nzuri kwa sababu ameshakata shauri kuacha maovu lakini kwa bahati mbaya tangazo lenye picha yake linaloahidi kiasi cha pesa kwa yeyote anayemkamata au kumwua liko katika ofisi ya sheriff. Kwa hiyo sheriff anapaswa kumwinda. Kama sheriff angependelea kutomwona au kumsahau kuna mwovu wa aina nyingine ni headhunter au mwindaji wa waovu wanotafutwa anayetaka kichwa chake kwa sababu ya pesa.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:The_searchers_Ford_Trailer_screenshot_(25).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/The_searchers_Ford_Trailer_screenshot_%2825%29.jpg/300px-The_searchers_Ford_Trailer_screenshot_%2825%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/The_searchers_Ford_Trailer_screenshot_%2825%29.jpg/450px-The_searchers_Ford_Trailer_screenshot_%2825%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/The_searchers_Ford_Trailer_screenshot_%2825%29.jpg/600px-The_searchers_Ford_Trailer_screenshot_%2825%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Macowboy na Maindio (bado hai)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Mmeksiko</b> ni mtu mdogo asiyeongea Kiingereza sanifu ni mtu anayestahili kupigwa na kudharauliwa na macowboy. Kosa lake ni ya kwamba miaka kadhaa iliyopita alishindwa na Waamerika na kubaki kwenye nchi iliyovamiwa na Marekani. Katika mawestern za baadaye mara chache anapata nafasi ya kumwua mwovu pia.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Indio</b> au mwenyeji asilia wa Amerika ni hatari. Anaiba mifugo na kushambulia ovyo wazungu wazuri Wamarekani. Kama mkurugenzi wa filamu ana pesa ya kuajiri waigizaji wa kutosha maindio wengi sana hushambulia nyumba ya rancher au hata mji wote wakikaribia kushinda lakini kwa bahati nzuri <b>cavallery</b> (jeshi la farasi) hufika na kuwafukuza. Katika Western za baadaye inaweza kutokea ya kwamba sababu za Waindio zaelezwa kwa nini wanashambulia kwa mfano kwa sababu Wamarekani walitwaa ardhi yao au kuua watoto wao. Lakini hii si lazima kwa sababu marafiki wa filamu za Western hupenda kuona maajabu ya Western hawapendi kutafakari mno.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maajabu_ya_Western">Maajabu ya Western</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Hariri sehemu: Maajabu ya Western" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Maajabu ya Western"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tabia ya ajabu ya watu katika filamu hizi ni wakifika mjini baada ya kusafiri njia ndefu kwa farasi kwenye jua kali huingia mara moja kilabuni. Hapa hawanywi maji au angalau bia lakini mara moja pombe kali ya whiskey wakiagiza chupa kimoja (<a href="/wiki/Lita" title="Lita">lita</a> 0.7). </p><p>Tabia nyingine ya ajabu ni ya kwamba wakipigwa risasi hufa mara moja bila kulia. Huanguka tu na kuwa kimya. Hakuna wajeruhiwa wanaoendelea kulia kwa masaa mengi usiku wote. Wengine hawaagi dunia mara moja lakini huwa na hotuba kabla ya kufa. 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