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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mabadiliko ya karibuni</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:UkurasawaBahati" title="Onyesha ukurasa wa bahati [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ukurasa wa bahati</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Mahali pa kueleweshwa."><span>Msaada</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaMaalum"><span>Kurasa maalumu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-lang" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lugha zingine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Mwanzo" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sw.svg" width="117" height="10" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:Tafuta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Tafuta Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Tafuta</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tafuta Wikipedia" aria-label="Tafuta Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Tafuta Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Maalum:Tafuta"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Tafuta</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Zana binafsi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Badilisha mandhari ya ukubwa, upana, na rangi ya fonti ya ukurasa" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mandhari" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mandhari</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sw.wikipedia.org&uselang=sw" class=""><span>Michango</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:SajiliAkaunti&returnto=Maalum%3AKurasaMaalum" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Unda akaunti</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji&returnto=Maalum%3AKurasaMaalum" title="Tunakushajiisha kuingia, lakini siyo lazima. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ingia</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Chaguo zaidi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zana binafsi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zana binafsi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=sw.wikipedia.org&uselang=sw"><span>Michango</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:SajiliAkaunti&returnto=Maalum%3AKurasaMaalum" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Unda akaunti</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji&returnto=Maalum%3AKurasaMaalum" title="Tunakushajiisha kuingia, lakini siyo lazima. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Yaliyomo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-maintenance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-maintenance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ripoti za kurekebisha na kutunza kurasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-maintenance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Orodha za kurasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-login" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-login"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ingia / sajili akaunti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-login-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Watumiaji na wezo zao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mabadiliko ya karibuni na kumbukumbu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ripoti za mafaili na kuyapakia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-wiki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-wiki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Zana na data za wiki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-wiki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-redirects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-redirects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kurasa maalumu za kuelekeza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-redirects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-highuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-highuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kurasa zinazotumika sana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-highuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-pagetools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-pagetools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Zana za kuushughulika ukurasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-pagetools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-spam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-spam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Spam tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-spam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-growth-tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-growth-tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Growth tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-growth-tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-campaignevents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-campaignevents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Matukio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-campaignevents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#mw-specialpagesgroup-other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Kurasa zingine maalumu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-mw-specialpagesgroup-other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Yaliyomo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Kurasa maalumu</h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Special_pages" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>Msaada</a></div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Maeneo ya wiki"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Badilisha lahaja ya lugha" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kiswahili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mitazamo"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zana" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zana</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Zana</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vitendo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kijumla </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sw" title="Pakia picha, video, au sauti [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Pakia faili</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Toleo linalochapika la ukurasa huu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ukurasa wa kuchapika</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMaalum%3AKurasaMaalum"><span>Pata URL iliyofupishwa</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMaalum%3AKurasaMaalum"><span>Pakua msimbo wa QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Miradi mingine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ficha</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-maintenance">Ripoti za kurekebisha na kutunza kurasa</h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:JamiiZisizopangwa" title="Maalum:JamiiZisizopangwa">Jamii ambazo hazijawekwa katika jamii</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:JamiiZisizotumika" title="Maalum:JamiiZisizotumika">Jamii ambazo hazitumiwi</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:JamiiZinazotakikana" title="Maalum:JamiiZinazotakikana">Jamii zinazotakiwa</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaZisizonajamii" title="Maalum:KurasaZisizonajamii">Kurasa ambazo hazijawekwa katika jamii</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaZilizoondoshwa" title="Maalum:KurasaZilizoondoshwa">Kurasa ambazo haziungi na ukurasa mwingine wowote</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaPweke" title="Maalum:KurasaPweke">Kurasa ambazo haziungwi kutoka ukurasa mwingine wowote</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:WithoutInterwiki" title="Maalum:WithoutInterwiki">Kurasa bila viungo kwenye lugha zingine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaFupi" title="Maalum:KurasaFupi">Kurasa fupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaNdefu" title="Maalum:KurasaNdefu">Kurasa ndefu</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasazaZamani" title="Maalum:KurasazaZamani">Kurasa za kale</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:MarejeoMadogo" title="Maalum:MarejeoMadogo">Kurasa zenye mapitio machache kuliko zote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaZilizolindwa" title="Maalum:KurasaZilizolindwa">Kurasa zinazolindwa</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaZinazotakikana" title="Maalum:KurasaZinazotakikana">Kurasa zinazotakiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:LintErrors" title="Maalum:LintErrors">Lint errors</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ElekezoMbili" title="Maalum:ElekezoMbili">Maelekezo mawilimawili</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ElekezoIliovunjika" title="Maalum:ElekezoIliovunjika">Maelekezo yenye hitilafu</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:FailiZisizotumika" title="Maalum:FailiZisizotumika">Mafaili ambayo hayatumiwi</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:FailiZisizonajamii" title="Maalum:FailiZisizonajamii">Mafaili ambazo hazijawekwa katika jamii</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:FailiZinazotakikana" title="Maalum:FailiZinazotakikana">Mafaili yanayokosekana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:JinaLililolindwa" title="Maalum:JinaLililolindwa">Majina yanayozuluiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:UnconnectedPages" title="Maalum:UnconnectedPages">Pages not connected to items</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VigezoVisivyonajamii" title="Maalum:VigezoVisivyonajamii">Vigezo ambavyo havijawekwa katika jamii</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:UnusedTemplates" title="Maalum:UnusedTemplates">Vigezo ambavyo havitumiwi</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VigezoVinavyotakikana" title="Maalum:VigezoVinavyotakikana">Vigezo vinavyotakiwa</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-pages">Orodha za kurasa</h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:DisambiguationPages" title="Maalum:DisambiguationPages">Disambiguation pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:EntityUsage" title="Maalum:EntityUsage">Entity usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Jamii" title="Maalum:Jamii">Jamii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:PagesWithProp" title="Maalum:PagesWithProp">Kurasa zenye sifa za ukurasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaZote" title="Maalum:KurasaZote">Kurasa zote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaKuu" title="Maalum:KurasaKuu">Kurasa zote zenye viambishi awali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:TafutaKiungo" title="Maalum:TafutaKiungo">Kutafuta viungo vya nje</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ListRedirects" title="Maalum:ListRedirects">Maelekezo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:SafuyaJamii" title="Maalum:SafuyaJamii">Mfumo wa jamii</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:DisambiguationPageLinks" title="Maalum:DisambiguationPageLinks">Pages linking to disambiguation pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Nearby" title="Maalum:Nearby">Pages on topics near you</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:PagesWithBadges" title="Maalum:PagesWithBadges">Pages with badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Tafuta" title="Maalum:Tafuta">Tafuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:TrackingCategories" title="Maalum:TrackingCategories">Tracking categories</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-login">Ingia / sajili akaunti</h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ChangeEmail" title="Maalum:ChangeEmail">Badilisha anwani ya barua pepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:BotPasswords" title="Maalum:BotPasswords">Bot passwords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ChangeCredentials" title="Maalum:ChangeCredentials">Change credentials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:GlobalPreferences" title="Maalum:GlobalPreferences">Global preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:GlobalRenameRequest" title="Maalum:GlobalRenameRequest">Global user account rename request</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:GlobalVanishRequest" title="Maalum:GlobalVanishRequest">Global user account vanish request</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji" title="Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji">Ingia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KusanyaAkaunti" title="Maalum:KusanyaAkaunti">Kuunganishwa kwa hali ya kuingia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Mapendekezo" title="Maalum:Mapendekezo">Mapendekezo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Notifications" title="Maalum:Notifications">Notifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RemoveCredentials" title="Maalum:RemoveCredentials">Remove credentials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:PasswordReset" title="Maalum:PasswordReset">Seti upya neno la siri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:TokaMtumiaji" title="Maalum:TokaMtumiaji">Toka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:TopicSubscriptions" title="Maalum:TopicSubscriptions">Topic subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ResetTokens" title="Maalum:ResetTokens">Weka vibazi upya</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-users">Watumiaji na wezo zao</h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:AutoblockList" title="Maalum:AutoblockList">Autoblocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:CentralAuth" title="Maalum:CentralAuth">Global account manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:GlobalUsers" title="Maalum:GlobalUsers">Global accounts list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:GlobalGroupPermissions" title="Maalum:GlobalGroupPermissions">Global group management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ListGrants" title="Maalum:ListGrants">Grants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:BaruapepeyaMtumiaji" title="Maalum:BaruapepeyaMtumiaji">Kumtumia mtumiaji barua pepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:OAuthListConsumers" title="Maalum:OAuthListConsumers">List OAuth applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:GlobalBlockList" title="Maalum:GlobalBlockList">List of globally blocked IP addresses and accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:GlobalUserRights" title="Maalum:GlobalUserRights">Membership in global groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Michango" title="Maalum:Michango">Michango ya watumiaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:OrodhayaWatumiaji" title="Maalum:OrodhayaWatumiaji">Orodha ya Watumiaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ActiveUsers" title="Maalum:ActiveUsers">Orodha ya watumiaji hai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:PasswordPolicies" title="Maalum:PasswordPolicies">Password policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:SajiliAkaunti" title="Maalum:SajiliAkaunti">Sajili akaunti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:GlobalContributions" title="Maalum:GlobalContributions">Search for global contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:HakizaMtumiaji" title="Maalum:HakizaMtumiaji">Usimamizi wa wezo za mtumiaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:OrodhayaIPZilizozuiliwa" title="Maalum:OrodhayaIPZilizozuiliwa">Watumiaji waliozuiliwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:OrodhayaWasimamizi" title="Maalum:OrodhayaWasimamizi">Wezo za kundi za watumiaji</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-changes">Mabadiliko ya karibuni na kumbukumbu</h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:AbuseLog" title="Maalum:AbuseLog">Abuse filter log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:EditRecovery" title="Maalum:EditRecovery">Edit Recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Kumbukumbu" title="Maalum:Kumbukumbu">Kumbukumbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaMpya" title="Maalum:KurasaMpya">Kurasa mpya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RecentChangesLinked" title="Maalum:RecentChangesLinked">Mabadiliko husika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:MabadalikoyaKaribuni" title="Maalum:MabadalikoyaKaribuni">Mabadiliko ya karibuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:FailiMpya" title="Maalum:FailiMpya">Mkusanyiko wa mafaili mapya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Tags" title="Maalum:Tags">Valid change tags</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-media">Ripoti za mafaili na kuyapakia</h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:GlobalUsage" title="Maalum:GlobalUsage">Matumizi ya faili ulimwenguni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:OrodhayaFali" title="Maalum:OrodhayaFali">Orodha ya mafaili</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:OrphanedTimedText" title="Maalum:OrphanedTimedText">Orphaned TimedText pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:FileDuplicateSearch" title="Maalum:FileDuplicateSearch">Tafuta mafaili ya nakili</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:MediaStatistics" title="Maalum:MediaStatistics">Takwimu za midia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:TafutaMIME" title="Maalum:TafutaMIME">Utafutaji wa MIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VipsTest" title="Maalum:VipsTest">VIPS scaling test page</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ListDuplicatedFiles" title="Maalum:ListDuplicatedFiles">orodhesha faili zenye marudio</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-wiki">Zana na data za wiki</h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ApiFeatureUsage" title="Maalum:ApiFeatureUsage">API feature usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ApiSandbox" title="Maalum:ApiSandbox">API sandbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:AbuseFilter" title="Maalum:AbuseFilter">Abuse filter management</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:GadgetUsage" title="Maalum:GadgetUsage">Gadget usage statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:UjumbeZote" title="Maalum:UjumbeZote">Jumbe za mfumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:NamespaceInfo" title="Maalum:NamespaceInfo">Namespace information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:SiteMatrix" title="Maalum:SiteMatrix">Orodha ya wiki za Wikimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ExpandTemplates" title="Maalum:ExpandTemplates">Panua vigezo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:WikiSets" title="Maalum:WikiSets">Seti za wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Takwimu" title="Maalum:Takwimu">Takwimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:TemplateSandbox" title="Maalum:TemplateSandbox">Template sandbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Toleo" title="Maalum:Toleo">Toleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Hieroglyphs" title="Maalum:Hieroglyphs">Try hieroglyph markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Viungovyawiki" title="Maalum:Viungovyawiki">View interwiki data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Gadgets" title="Maalum:Gadgets">Vifaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo">Vyanzo vya vitabu</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-redirects">Kurasa maalumu za kuelekeza</h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:EditPage" title="Maalum:EditPage">Edit a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RandomRedirect" title="Maalum:RandomRedirect">Elekezo la bahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:DeletePage" title="Maalum:DeletePage">Futa ukurasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:PermanentLink" title="Maalum:PermanentLink">Kiungo cha daima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:NewSection" title="Maalum:NewSection">New section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:PageHistory" title="Maalum:PageHistory">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:PageInfo" title="Maalum:PageInfo">Page info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Purge" title="Maalum:Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RandomRootpage" title="Maalum:RandomRootpage">Random root page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Redirect" title="Maalum:Redirect">Redirect by file, user, page, revision, or log ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Diff" title="Maalum:Diff">Tofauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ProtectPage" title="Maalum:ProtectPage">Tunza ukarasa huu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:UkurasawaBahati" title="Maalum:UkurasawaBahati">Ukurasa wa bahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RandomInCategory" title="Maalum:RandomInCategory">Ukurasa wa bahati katika jamii</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-highuse">Kurasa zinazotumika sana</h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:JamiiZilizoungwasana" title="Maalum:JamiiZilizoungwasana">Jamii zinazoungwa kuliko zote</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:MostInterwikis" title="Maalum:MostInterwikis">Kurasa zenye baina ya wiki</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:JamiiZaidi" title="Maalum:JamiiZaidi">Kurasa zenye jamii kuliko zote</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:MarejeoZaidi" title="Maalum:MarejeoZaidi">Kurasa zenye mapitio mengi kuliko zote</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaZilizoungwasana" title="Maalum:KurasaZilizoungwasana">Kurasa zinazoungwa kuliko zote</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:FailiZilizoungwasana" title="Maalum:FailiZilizoungwasana">Mafaili yanayoungwa kuliko yote</a></li> <li class="mw-specialpagecached"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VigezoVilivyoungwasana" title="Maalum:VigezoVilivyoungwasana">Vigezo vinavyoungwa kuliko zote</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-pagetools">Zana za kuushughulika ukurasa</h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Kusanya" title="Maalum:Kusanya">Kitabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:ComparePages" title="Maalum:ComparePages">Linganisha kurasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Nuke" title="Maalum:Nuke">Mass delete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Toa" title="Maalum:Toa">Peleka kurasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:QrCode" title="Maalum:QrCode">QR Code Generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Taja" title="Maalum:Taja">Taja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:UrlShortener" title="Maalum:UrlShortener">URL Shortener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VingoViungavyoUkurasahuu" title="Maalum:VingoViungavyoUkurasahuu">Viungo viungavyo ukurasa huu</a></li> 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Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalum:SecurePoll" title="Maalum:SecurePoll">SecurePoll</a></li> </ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rudishwa kutoka "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:KurasaMaalum">https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:KurasaMaalum</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Sera ya faragha</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kuhusu">Kuhusu Wikipedia</a></li> <li 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