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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Plan_građe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plan_građe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Plan građe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plan_građe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Plan građe</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Plan_građe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tjelesne_izrasline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tjelesne_izrasline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Tjelesne izrasline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tjelesne_izrasline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ostali_elementi_građe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ostali_elementi_građe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ostali elementi građe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ostali_elementi_građe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ishrana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ishrana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ishrana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ishrana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filogenija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filogenija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Filogenija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filogenija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistematika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistematika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sistematika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistematika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Onychophora</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 59 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8" title="حاملات المخالب – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حاملات المخالب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8" title="حاملات المخالب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حاملات المخالب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onixoforlar" title="Onixoforlar – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Onixoforlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Аніхафоры – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аніхафоры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Онихофори – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Онихофори" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onic%C3%B2fors" title="Onicòfors – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Onicòfors" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mananap_nga_kuyamas" title="Mananap nga kuyamas – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mananap nga kuyamas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A1pkovci" title="Drápkovci – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Drápkovci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stummelf%C3%BC%C3%9Fer" title="Stummelfüßer – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stummelfüßer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onikoforoj" title="Onikoforoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Onikoforoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%BCsikloomad" title="Küüsikloomad – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Küüsikloomad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onikoforo" title="Onikoforo – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Onikoforo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C" title="کرم‌های مخملی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرم‌های مخملی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4sn%C3%A4jalkaiset" title="Käsnäjalkaiset – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Käsnäjalkaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sametwirmer" title="Sametwirmer – sjeverni frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sametwirmer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjeverni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onic%C3%B3foros" title="Onicóforos – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Onicóforos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="נושאי ציפורניים – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נושאי ציפורניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="ओनिकोफोरा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओनिकोफोरा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crvono%C5%A1ci" title="Crvonošci – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Crvonošci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmos_f%C3%A9regl%C3%A1b%C3%BAak" title="Karmos féreglábúak – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karmos féreglábúak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Օնիխոֆորներ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օնիխոֆորներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%88%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="有爪動物 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有爪動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Онихофоралар – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Онихофоралар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B0" title="ಒನಿಕೊಫೊರ – kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಒನಿಕೊಫೊರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A1%B0%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="유조동물 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유조동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Онихофоралар – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Онихофоралар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onicoforo" title="Onicoforo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Onicoforo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onihofori" title="Onihofori – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Onihofori" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Кадифени црви – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кадифени црви" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1" title="ഒനിക്കോഫൊറ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒനിക്കോഫൊറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluweelwormen" title="Fluweelwormen – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fluweelwormen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B8yelsdyr" title="Fløyelsdyr – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fløyelsdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9%C5%82%C3%A1nii_bik%C3%A1g%C3%AD_yilzh%C3%B3l%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Kéłánii bikágí yilzhólígíí – navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kéłánii bikágí yilzhólígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazurnice" title="Pazurnice – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pazurnice" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Онихофоры – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Онихофоры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velvet_worm" title="Velvet worm – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Velvet worm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paz%C3%BArikavce" title="Pazúrikavce – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pazúrikavce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Баршунасти црви – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Баршунасти црви" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klomaskar" title="Klomaskar – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klomaskar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mdudu-ute" title="Mdudu-ute – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mdudu-ute" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88" title="หนอนกำมะหยี่ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หนอนกำมะหยี่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Первиннотрахейні – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Первиннотрахейні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birlamchi_traxeyalilar" title="Birlamchi traxeyalilar – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Birlamchi traxeyalilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giun_nhung" title="Giun nhung – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giun nhung" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Onychophora" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%88%AA%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%97%A8" title="有爪动物门 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="有爪动物门" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%88%AA%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E9%97%A8" title="有爪动物门 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="有爪动物门" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5191#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&action=history" title="Prethodne izmjene ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alati" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" 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id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Općenito </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0ta_vodi_ovamo/Onychophora" title="Spisak svih članaka koji su povezani s ovim [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Srodne_izmjene/Onychophora" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne izmjene na stranicama koje su povezane sa ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Srodne izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" title="Postavi slike i druge medije [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Spisak svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&oldid=3646215" title="Trajni link ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajni link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Informacije o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Onychophora&id=3646215&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOnychophora"><span>Skraćeni link</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOnychophora"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje / izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Onychophora"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Onychophora&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&printable=yes" title="Verzija ove stranice za štampanje [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Za štampanje</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3638947">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: pink;">Onychophora (Koljeno Onychophora ili crvonošci)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Velvet_worm_(2002).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Onychophora"><img alt="Onychophora" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Velvet_worm_%282002%29.jpg/250px-Velvet_worm_%282002%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Velvet_worm_%282002%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="351" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Onychophora</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: pink;"><a href="/wiki/Biolo%C5%A1ka_klasifikacija" title="Biološka klasifikacija">Sistematika</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Carstvo_(biologija)" title="Carstvo (biologija)">Carstvo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Potcarstvo</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bilateria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilateria">Bilateria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Natkoljeno</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">Ecdysozoa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Koljeno</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Onychophora</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Onychophora_dis.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Rasprostranjenost crvonožaca na svijetu - Peripatidae zeleno, Peripatopsidae crvena"><img alt="Rasprostranjenost crvonožaca na svijetu - Peripatidae zeleno, Peripatopsidae crvena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Onychophora_dis.png/250px-Onychophora_dis.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Onychophora_dis.png/375px-Onychophora_dis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Onychophora_dis.png/500px-Onychophora_dis.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314" /></a></span><br /><small>Rasprostranjenost crvonožaca na <a href="/wiki/Svijet" title="Svijet">svijetu</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatidae (stranica ne postoji)">Peripatidae</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeleno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeleno (stranica ne postoji)">zeleno</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatopsidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatopsidae (stranica ne postoji)">Peripatopsidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Crvena" title="Crvena">crvena</a></small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatidae (stranica ne postoji)">Peripatidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatopsidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatopsidae (stranica ne postoji)">Peripatopsidae</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Onychophora</b>, najbliži <a href="/wiki/Bosanski" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosanski">bosanski</a> naziv <b>crvonošci</b> i <b>baršunaste gliste</b>, su posebno <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koljeno_biologijaija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koljeno biologijaija) (stranica ne postoji)">koljeno</a> natkoljena <a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">Ecdysozoa</a>. Obično se opisuju kao crvi s nogama, na što i ukazuje latinski korijen naziva. Naseljavaju uglavnom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ju%C5%BEna_hemisphere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Južna hemisphere (stranica ne postoji)">Južnu hemisferu</a>, hraneći se malenim životinjama kao što su <a href="/wiki/Insekt" class="mw-redirect" title="Insekt">insekti</a> koje love štrcanjem ljepljive <a href="/wiki/Sluz" title="Sluz">sluzi</a> (zbog čega ih zovu i "pljujući crvi"). Suvremenoj <a href="/wiki/Zoologija" title="Zoologija">zoologiji</a> zanimljivi su zbog načina razmnožavanja, odnosno <a href="/wiki/Oplodnja" title="Oplodnja">oplodnje</a> većine poznatih vrsta.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prothero_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prothero-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prema izgledu, različito su ih upoređivali sa crvima s nogama, gusjenicama i blatnjacima.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opisano je oko 200 vrsta baršunastih crva, iako je pravi broj vrsta vjerovatno veći. Dvije postojeće porodice baršunastih crva su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatidae (stranica ne postoji)">Peripatidae</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatopsidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatopsidae (stranica ne postoji)">Peripatopsidae</a>. Imaju osebujnu rasprostranjenost, pri čemu su peripatidi pretežno ekvatorijalni i tropski, dok se peripatipsidi nalaze južno od ekvatora. Jedini je tip u <a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> koji je u potpunosti <a href="/wiki/Endem" title="Endem">endemski</a> za kopnena okruženja.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smatra se da je ovo koljeno su vrlo vjerojatno blisko srodno koljenima <a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tardigrada" title="Tardigrada">Tardigrada</a>, pa zajedno s njima čine <a href="/wiki/Takson" title="Takson">takson</a> Panarthropoda. Zato su ih ranije često opisivali "pola kolutićavci, pola <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Clankono%C5%A1ci" class="mw-redirect" title="Člankonošci">člankonošci</a>". Prvi rod ovog koljena opisao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsdown_Guilding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landsdown Guilding (stranica ne postoji)">Landsdown Guilding</a> 1825, smatrajući ih tada još neobičnim <a href="/wiki/Gastropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastropoda">Gastropodama</a>. Naziv Onychophora dao im je Grube tek 1853. </p><p>To su jedine vrste koje su preostale iz perioda <a href="/wiki/Kambrij" title="Kambrij">kambrija</a> kada je ovo koljeno bilo vrlo brojno, a mnogi smatraju da je danas u procesu <a href="/wiki/Izumiranje" title="Izumiranje">izumiranja</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plan_građe"><span id="Plan_gra.C4.91e"></span>Plan građe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Plan građe"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Plan građe"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Onychophora su crvolike, segmentirane životinje, cilindričnog, a sa trbušne strane malo spljoštenog tijela. Imaju niz parova kožnih izraslina kojima se koriste kao nogama. Dugee su između 0,5 i 20 cm, a imaju između 13 i 43 para lažnih nožica. Vrlo su raznolikih boja s tankim poprečnim prugama, no pojedine vrste mogu imati i drugačije šare. </p><p>Spolja je sasvim neupadljiva segmentiranost i prepoznatljiva samo po ravnomjernom razmaku između nožica; ispoljava se i ravnomjernim, segmentnim otvorima u <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa" title="Koža">koži</a> (ostije)Nemaju organa za izlučivanje (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefridije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nefridije (stranica ne postoji)">nefridije</a>) i koncentriranog nervnog tkiva. Pojedini segmenti gotovo uopće nisu specijalizirani, čak se i glava razvija neznatno drugačije od bilo kojeg drugog narednog segmenta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tjelesne_izrasline">Tjelesne izrasline</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Tjelesne izrasline"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Tjelesne izrasline"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Onycophora_(515525252).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Onycophora_%28515525252%29.jpg/220px-Onycophora_%28515525252%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Onycophora_%28515525252%29.jpg/330px-Onycophora_%28515525252%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Onycophora_%28515525252%29.jpg/440px-Onycophora_%28515525252%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Jedno od karagterističnih obilježja ovog koljena su "nožice" (<i>lobopode</i>). To su čunjasto-kesaste izrasline koje su iznutra šuplje i nemaju članke. Iako je njihov broj jako varira od vrste do vrste, građa im je kod svih vrlo slična. Čvrstoću im daje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrostatika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrostatika (stranica ne postoji)">hidrostatskki pritisak</a> tjelesne tekućine. </p><p>Ovakve životinje kreću se uglavnom pasivno, skupljanjem i opuštanjem kompletnog cijelog tijela. U svakoj nožici pružaju se <a href="/wiki/Mi%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Mišić">mišići</a> koji je mogu skratiti i savijati. Budući da nemaju članke, ovo savijanje može biti na bilo kojem mjestu dužinskog profila. </p><p>Svaka nožica ima dvije uvlačive kandže od stvrdnutog <a href="/wiki/Hitin" title="Hitin">hitina</a>. Kandžice se uvlače u tri do šest trnovitih "jastučića" na koje se žibotinja oslanja pri mirovanju, ili prilikom kretanja po glatkoj podlozi. Kandžice se uglavnom upotrebljavaju za kretanja po neravnoj podlozi, omogućavajući tijelu čvrst oslonac. </p><p>Pored parnih nožica, Onychophora imaju još tri tjelesne izrasline na glavi, koja jr sastavljena od tri segmenta. Na prvom je par prstenastih antena koje funkcioniraju kao čulni organi, a u njihovoj bazi nalaze se vrlo jednostavne <a href="/wiki/Oko" title="Oko">oči</a>, izuzev nekoliko vrsta koje su slijepe. Na drugom i trećem glavenom segmentu nalaze se dijelovi usnog aparata. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ostali_elementi_građe"><span id="Ostali_elementi_gra.C4.91e"></span>Ostali elementi građe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Ostali elementi građe"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ostali elementi građe"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Različito od <a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a>, Onychophora nemaju <a href="/wiki/Egzoskelet" title="Egzoskelet">egzoskelet</a>. Umjesto njega, oblik tijela im održava <a href="/wiki/Hidroskelet" title="Hidroskelet">hidroskelet</a>. Tjelesni zid sastoji se od vanjskog kožnog sloja koji nije građen od ćelija, te jednoslojne <a href="/wiki/Epiderma" title="Epiderma">epiderme</a>, kao unutrašnje strane kože, a obično ispod nje je sloj <a href="/wiki/Mi%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Mišić">mišićnog</a> tkiva koje je uronjeno u <a href="/wiki/Vezivno_tkivo" title="Vezivno tkivo">vezivno tkivo</a>. </p><p>Ove životinje Imaju <a href="/wiki/Krvotok" title="Krvotok">otvorenu cirkulaciju</a>, a dišu jednostavnom <a href="/wiki/Difuzija" title="Difuzija">difuzijom</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nervni_sistem" title="Nervni sistem">Nervni sistem</a> je ljestvičastog tiapa. Čula su im na vrhovima čekinjastih dlačica na bradavičastim izraslinama, koje su povezane sa unutrašnjim nervnim ćelijama. Slijepe su samo neke pećinske vrste. </p><p>Sve su odvojenih <a href="/wiki/Spol" title="Spol">spolova</a>, uz veoma čestu pojavu imaju <a href="/wiki/Spolni_dimorfizam" title="Spolni dimorfizam">spolnog dimorfizma</a>. Pritom su ženke obično krupnije od mužjaka, a mnoge vrste se pare prije nego ženka dostigne spolnu zrelost; to se dešava samo jednom u životu. Razmnožavanje može biti <a href="/wiki/Oviparnost" title="Oviparnost">oviparno</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovoviviparnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ovoviviparnost (stranica ne postoji)">ovoviviparno</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Viviparnost" title="Viviparnost">viviparno</a>, zavisno od vrste. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ishrana">Ishrana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Ishrana"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ishrana"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Onychophora su grabljivice i mogu savladati i životinje koje su značajno veće od njih. Manje životinje ubijaju direktno, dok veće demobiliziraju ljepljivom tečnošću bogatom <a href="/wiki/Protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein">proteinima</a>. Štrcaljke su u antenama na glavi, a efikasne su naudaljenosti i do 30 cm. Na taj način onesposobljavaju čak i veće <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pu%C5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puž (stranica ne postoji)">puževe</a>. Inače ih se smatra <a href="/wiki/Ekologija" title="Ekologija">ekološkim</a> ekvivalentom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stonoge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stonoge (stranica ne postoji)">stonoga</a> (Chilopoda). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filogenija">Filogenija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Filogenija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Filogenija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Eoperipatus_totoro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eoperipatus_totoro.jpg/220px-Eoperipatus_totoro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eoperipatus_totoro.jpg/330px-Eoperipatus_totoro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eoperipatus_totoro.jpg/440px-Eoperipatus_totoro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoperipatus_totoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eoperipatus totoro (stranica ne postoji)">Eoperipatus totoro</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Baršunasti crvi su u svojim sadašnjim oblicima vjerovatno usko povezani s člankonožcima, vrlo opsežnim taksonom koji uključuje, naprimjer, <a href="/wiki/Rakovi" title="Rakovi">rakove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insekt" class="mw-redirect" title="Insekt">insekte</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pauk" title="Pauk">paukaše</a>. Oni između ostalog svi imaju: </p> <ul><li>egzoskelet koji se sastoji od α-hitina i nekolagenih proteina;</li> <li>žlijezde i organi za uklanjanje otpada zatvoreni su u stvarnom celomskom tkivu;</li> <li>otvoreni <a href="/wiki/Krvotok" title="Krvotok">cirkulacijski sistem</a> s cjevastim srcem koji se nalazi straga;</li> <li>trbušnu šupljinu podijeljenu na perikardijalnu i perivisceralnu šupljinu;</li> <li>disanje kroz traheje; i</li> <li>sličan <a href="/wiki/Embrion" class="mw-redirect" title="Embrion">embrionski</a> razvoj.</li></ul> <p>Segmentacija, s dva tjelesna dodatka po segmentu, također je slična. No, antene, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandibule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandibule (stranica ne postoji)">mandibule</a> i usne papile vjerovatno nisu homologne odgovarajućim strukturama kod <a href="/wiki/Artropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Artropoda">artropoda</a>, tj. vjerojatno su evolurale neovisno. Druga blisko povezana skupina su relativno nejasne vodeni medvjedi (<a href="/wiki/Tardigrada" title="Tardigrada">Tardigrada</a>); međutim, zbog vrlo male veličine, ovima nedostaju neke karakteristike baršunastih crva i artropoda, kao što su <a href="/wiki/Krvotok" title="Krvotok">sistem cirkulacije</a> i odvojene respiratorne strukture. Baršunasti crvi, člankonožaci i vodeni medvjedi zajedno formiraju <a href="/wiki/Monofilija" class="mw-redirect" title="Monofilija">monofiletskii</a> <a href="/wiki/Takson" title="Takson">takson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda">Panarthropoda</a>, tj. tri grupe zajedno pokrivaju sve potomke svog posljednjeg zajedničkog pretka. Zbog određenih sličnosti oblika, <a href="/wiki/Bar%C5%A1unasti_crvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Baršunasti crvi">baršunasti crvi</a> su obično bili grupirani s vodenim medvjedima, kako bi tvorili takson Protoarthropoda. Ovo bi podrazumijevalo da i baršunasti crvi i vodeni medvjedi još nisu toliko razvijeni kao člankonožaci. Moderne sistematske teorije odbacuju takve koncepcije "primitivnih" i "visoko razvijenih" organizama i umjesto toga razmatraju isključivo historijske odnose među njima. Ti odnosi još nisu u potpunosti shvaćeni, ali smatra se vjerovatnim da sestrinske grupe baršunastih crva formiraju takson označen kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactopoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactopoda (stranica ne postoji)">Tactopoda</a> </p> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3262796">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style></dd></dl> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda">Panarthropoda</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><span class="nowrap">Baršunasti crvi (Onychophora)</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactopoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactopoda (stranica ne postoji)">Tactopoda</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Vodeni medvjedi (<a href="/wiki/Tardigrada" title="Tardigrada">Tardigrada</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Clankono%C5%A1ci" class="mw-redirect" title="Člankonošci">Člankonošci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Dugo se smatralo da su baršunasti crvi povezani sa <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">annelidama</a>. Između ostalog imaju tijelo nalik crvu; </p> <ul><li>tanka i fleksibilna vanjska <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%BEa" title="Koža">koža</a>;</li> <li>slojevita <a href="/wiki/Muskulatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Muskulatura">muskulatura</a>;</li> <li>upareni organi za <a href="/wiki/Mokra%C4%87ni_sistem" title="Mokraćni sistem">uklanjanje otpada</a>; kao i</li> <li>jednostavno sastavljen <a href="/wiki/Mozak" title="Mozak">mozak</a> i jednostavne <a href="/wiki/O%C4%8Di" class="mw-redirect" title="Oči">oči</a>. <br />Odlučujuće je bilo postojanje segmentacije u obje skupine, pri čemu su segmenti pokazivali tek malu specijalizaciju. Pripadnici sa parapodijama koji se nalaze u leđima stoga odgovaraju udarnim nogama baršunastih crva. Unutar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artikulatna_hipoteza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artikulatna hipoteza (stranica ne postoji)">artikulatne hipoteze</a> koju je razvio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Cuvier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Cuvier (stranica ne postoji)">Georges Cuvier</a>, baršunasti crvi su, prema tome, formirali evolucijsku vezu između <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">Annelida</a> i <a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a>: prethodnici slični crvima prvo su razvili parapodije, koje su se zatim razvile dalje u stopala kao međuprostor, što je poveznica u konačnom razvoju primjesa člankonožaca. Zbog svog strukturalnog konzervativizma, baršunasti crvi smatrani su tako "živim fosilima".</li></ul> <p>Moderna taksonomija ne proučava kriterije poput „viših“ i „nižih“ razvojnih stanja ili razlike između „glavnih“ i „sporednih“ grana – smatraju se relevantnim samo porodični odnosi označeni <a href="/wiki/Kladistika" title="Kladistika">kladističkim</a> metodima. S ovog stajališta, nekoliko zajedničkih karakteristika i dalje podržava hipotezu Articulata - segmentirano tijelo; upareni dodaci na svakom segmentu; parni raspored organa za uklanjanje otpada u svakom segmentu, a prije svega, nervni sistem sličan vrpcama temeljen na dvostrukom nervnom lancu, koji leži duž trbuha. Alternativni koncept, koji je danas najčešće prihvaćen, je takozvana <a href="/wiki/Hipoteza" title="Hipoteza">hipoteza</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">Ecdysozoa</a>. Ovo svrstava annelide i Panarthropoda u dvije vrlo različite skupine: prve u <a href="/wiki/Lophotrochozoa" title="Lophotrochozoa">Lophotrochozoa</a> i druge u Ecdysozoa. Sekvence mitohondrijskih gena također pružaju potporu ovoj hipotezi.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zagovornici ove hipoteze pretpostavljaju da su se spomenute sličnosti između anelida i baršunastih crva razvijale konvergentno ili su primitivne karakteristike prošle nepromijenjene od zajedničkog pretka i na Lophotrochozou i na Ecdysozoa. Naprimjer, u prvom bi se slučaju <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiv%C4%8Dani_sistem" class="mw-redirect" title="Živčani sistem">živčani sistem</a> s vrpcama razvijao u dvije skupine neovisno, dok je u drugom slučaju to vrlo stara karakteristika, koja ne podrazumijeva osobito prisnu vezu između <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">Annelida</a> i Panarthropoda. Koncept Ecdysozoa dijeli takson na dvoje:Panarthropoda u koju su smješteni baršunasti crvi, i sestrinska skupina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycloneuralia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cycloneuralia (stranica ne postoji)">Cycloneuralia</a>, koja sadrži nitaste crve (<a href="/wiki/Nematoda" title="Nematoda">Nematoda</a>), crve konjske dlake (<a href="/wiki/Nematomorpha" title="Nematomorpha">Nematomorpha</a>) i tri prilično nejasne skupine: zmajevi blata (<a href="/wiki/Kinorhyncha" title="Kinorhyncha">Kinorhyncha</a>); penisoliki crvi (<a href="/wiki/Priapulida" title="Priapulida">Priapulida</a> i crvi čekinjaste glave(<a href="/wiki/Loricifera" title="Loricifera">Loricifera</a>). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> </p> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Protostomia </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Ecdysozoa </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262796"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><span class="nowrap">Panarthropoda (<a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a>, Onychophora, <a href="/wiki/Tardigrada" title="Tardigrada">Tardigrada</a>)</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Cycloneuralia (<a href="/wiki/Nematoda" title="Nematoda">Nematoda</a> konjskodlaki crvi i ostali) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Lophotrochozoa (<a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">Annelida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a> i ostali) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Ostali </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Posebno karakteristično za Cycloneuralia je prsten "cirkularnih" živaca oko otvora za usta, koji zagovornici hipoteze Ecdysozoa također u modificiranom obliku prepoznaju u pojedinostima živčanih obrazaca Panarthropoda. Obje skupine dijele i zajednički mehanizam za odbacivanje kože (<a href="/wiki/Ekdiza" title="Ekdiza">ekdiza</a>) i molekularno biološke sličnosti. Jedan od problema hipoteze o Ecdysozoa je supterminalni položaj usta baršunastih crva: za razliku od Cycloneuralia, usta nisu na prednjem kraju tijela, već leže dalje ispod trbuha. Međutim, istraživanja o njihovoj razvojnoj biologiji, posebno u vezi s razvojem živčanih glava, sugeriraju da to nije uvijek bilo tako i da su usta izvorno bila terminalna (smještena na vrhu tijela). To podržavaju i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosilni_zapis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosilni zapis (stranica ne postoji)">fosilni zapisi</a>. Hipoteza o člankonožcima iz skupine matičnih skupina vrlo je široko prihvaćena, ali neka stabla sugeriraju da onikofora mogu zauzeti drugačiji položaj; njihova anatomija mozga bliža je onoj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chelicerata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chelicerata (stranica ne postoji)">Chelicerata</a> nego bilo kojem drugom <a href="/wiki/Artropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Artropoda">člankonošcu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moderni baršunasti crvi formiraju monofiletnu skupinu, u kojoj su svi potomci njihovog zajedničkog pretka. Važne uobičajene karakteristike derivata (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinapomorfija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinapomorfija (stranica ne postoji)">sinapomorfija</a>) uključuju, naprimjer, mandibule drugog segmenta tijela i oralne papile i pridružene sluzne <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDlijezde" class="mw-redirect" title="Žlijezde">žlijezde</a> trećeg, živčane trake koje se protežu duž donje strane s brojnim poprečnim vezama po segmentu; te poseban oblik traheja. Do 2011. godine opisano je oko 180 modernih vrsta, uključujući 49 <a href="/wiki/Rod_(biologija)" title="Rod (biologija)">roda</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stvarni broj vrsta je vjerovatno otprilike dvostruko veći. Prema novijoj studiji, do sada su opisane 82 vrste porodice <i>Peripatidae</i> i 115 vrsta <i>Peripatopsidae</i>. Međutim, među ovih 197 vrsta, 20 su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomen_dubium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomen dubium (stranica ne postoji)">nomina dubia</a> zbog velikih taksonomskih nedosljednosti.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliveira_et_al.2012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliveira_et_al.2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Najpoznatiji je tip je rod <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatus (stranica ne postoji)">Peripatus</a> </i>, opisan još 1825. godine i koji se u zemljama engleskog jezika smatra reprezentativnim za sve baršunaste crve. Svi rodovi dodijeljeni su jednoj od dviju porodica, čiji se rasponi distribucije ne preklapaju, već su razdvojeni sušnim područjima ili oceanima: </p> <ul><li>Peripatopsidae pokazuje relativno mnogo karakteristika koje se doživljavaju kao originalne ili "primitivne". Imaju između 13 i 25 pari nogu, iza ili između posljednjeg članaka, kod kojih se nalazi genitalni otvor (gonopor). Postoje i oviparne i oviviviparne vrste, ali i živorodne vrste, mada Peripatopsidae u osnovi nemaju placentu. Njihova distribucija je obuhvata <a href="/wiki/Australazija" title="Australazija">Australaziju</a>, <a href="/wiki/JAR" class="mw-redirect" title="JAR">Južnu Afriku</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cile" title="Čile">Čile</a>.</li> <li>Peripatidae pokazuje niz izvedbenih karakteristika. U prosjeku su duži od peripatopsidae, a imaju i više parova nogu, između 22 i 43; gonopore su uvek između predzadnjeg para. Ne postoje joviparne vrste – velika većina je živorodna. Ženke mnogih živih vrsta razvijaju placentu s kojom mogu rastućem embrionz osigurati hranjive tvari. Rasprostranjenost Peripatidae ograničena je na tropske i suptropske zone; posebno naseljavaju <a href="/wiki/Centralna_Amerika" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralna Amerika">Centralnu ameriku</a>, sjever <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Amerika" title="Južna Amerika">Jućne Amerike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Sjeveroistočnu Indiju</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jugoisto%C4%8Dna_Azija" title="Jugoistočna Azija">Jugoističnu Aziju</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliveira_et_al.2012_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliveira_et_al.2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistematika">Sistematika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Sistematika"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sistematika"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Koljeno Onychophora</b> <ul><li>Razred Onychophorida <ul><li>Red † <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paronychophora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paronychophora (stranica ne postoji)">Paronychophora</a> (izumrli) <ul><li>Porodica † <a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychodictyidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onychodictyidae (stranica ne postoji)">Onychodictyidae</a> <ul><li>Rod † <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychodictyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onychodictyon (stranica ne postoji)">Onychodictyon</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Red Euonychophora <ul><li>Porodica <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatidae (stranica ne postoji)">Peripatidae</a> <ul><li>Rod: †</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312387">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretoperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cretoperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Cretoperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eoperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Eoperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epiperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Epiperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heteroperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heteroperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Heteroperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macroperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macroperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Macroperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesoperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesoperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Mesoperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oroperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oroperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Oroperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatus (stranica ne postoji)">Peripatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plicatoperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plicatoperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Plicatoperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speleoperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speleoperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Speleoperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typhloperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Typhloperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Typhloperipatus</a></i> <ul><li><ul><li><ul><li>Porodica <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatopsidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatopsidae (stranica ne postoji)">Peripatopsidae</a> <ul><li>Rod: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthokara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acanthokara (stranica ne postoji)">Acanthokara</a></i>,</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aethrikos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aethrikos (stranica ne postoji)">Aethrikos</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akthinothele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akthinothele (stranica ne postoji)">Akthinothele</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anoplokaros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anoplokaros (stranica ne postoji)">Anoplokaros</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austroperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austroperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Austroperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baeothele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baeothele (stranica ne postoji)">Baeothele</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centrorumis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centrorumis (stranica ne postoji)">Centrorumis</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cephalofovea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cephalofovea (stranica ne postoji)">Cephalofovea</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Critolaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critolaus (stranica ne postoji)">Critolaus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dactylothele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dactylothele (stranica ne postoji)">Dactylothele</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dystactotylos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dystactotylos (stranica ne postoji)">Dystactotylos</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euperipatoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euperipatoides (stranica ne postoji)">Euperipatoides</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florelliceps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florelliceps (stranica ne postoji)">Florelliceps</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hylonomoipos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hylonomoipos (stranica ne postoji)">Hylonomoipos</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konothele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konothele (stranica ne postoji)">Konothele</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lathropatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lathropatus (stranica ne postoji)">Lathropatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuropezos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuropezos (stranica ne postoji)">Leuropezos</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantonipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mantonipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Mantonipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Metaperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minyplanetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minyplanetes (stranica ne postoji)">Minyplanetes</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodocapitus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodocapitus (stranica ne postoji)">Nodocapitus</a></i>,</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occiperipatoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occiperipatoides (stranica ne postoji)">Occiperipatoides</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ooperipatellus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ooperipatellus (stranica ne postoji)">Ooperipatellus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ooperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ooperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Ooperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opisthopatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opisthopatus (stranica ne postoji)">Opisthopatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Paraperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paropisthopatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paropisthopatus (stranica ne postoji)">Paropisthopatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatoides (stranica ne postoji)">Peripatoides</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatopsis (stranica ne postoji)">Peripatopsis</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phallocephale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phallocephale (stranica ne postoji)">Phallocephale</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planipallipus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planipallipus (stranica ne postoji)">Planipallipus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regimitra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regimitra (stranica ne postoji)">Regimitra</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruhbergia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruhbergia (stranica ne postoji)">Ruhbergia</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphenoparme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphenoparme (stranica ne postoji)">Sphenoparme</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symperipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symperipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Symperipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasmania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasmania (stranica ne postoji)">Tasmania</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasmanipatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasmanipatus (stranica ne postoji)">Tasmanipatus</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrameraden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrameraden (stranica ne postoji)">Tetrameraden</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vescerro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vescerro (stranica ne postoji)">Vescerro</a></i>,</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wambalana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wambalana (stranica ne postoji)">Wambalana</a></i> <ul><li><ul><li><ul><li>Porodica (<i>incertae sedis</i>) <ul><li>Rod † <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helenodora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helenodora (stranica ne postoji)">Helenodora</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFHolmDippenaar-Schoeman2010" class="citation book cs1">Holm, E.; Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. (2010). <i>The Arthropods of Southern Africa</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-7993-4689-3" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-7993-4689-3"><bdi>978-0-7993-4689-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arthropods+of+Southern+Africa&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7993-4689-3&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Dippenaar-Schoeman%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AOnychophora" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citiranje_izvora" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Citiranje izvora"><span title="Ovaj citat zahtijeva referencu na specifičnu stranicu ili raspon stranica u kojima se materijal pojavljuje. (novembar 2014)">potrebna stranica</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prothero-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prothero_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFProtheroBuell2007" class="citation book cs1">Prothero, D. R.; Buell, C. D. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionwhatfos00prot_0/page/193"><i>Evolution: What the Fossils Say and Why It Matters</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionwhatfos00prot_0/page/193">193</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-231-13962-5" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-231-13962-5"><bdi>978-0-231-13962-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution%3A+What+the+Fossils+Say+and+Why+It+Matters&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-231-13962-5&rft.aulast=Prothero&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rft.au=Buell%2C+C.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolutionwhatfos00prot_0%2Fpage%2F193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AOnychophora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFRuppertFoxBarnes2004" class="citation book cs1">Ruppert, E. E.; Fox, R. S.; Barnes, R. D. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/505"><i>Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach</i></a> (7th izd.). Belmont: Thomson-Brooks / Cole. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/505">505</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-03-025982-1" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-03-025982-1"><bdi>978-0-03-025982-1</bdi></a>. <q>Because they resemble worms with legs ... Superficially they resemble caterpillars, but have also been compared with slugs</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invertebrate+Zoology%3A+A+Functional+Evolutionary+Approach&rft.place=Belmont&rft.pages=505&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Thomson-Brooks+%2F+Cole&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-03-025982-1&rft.aulast=Ruppert&rft.aufirst=E.+E.&rft.au=Fox%2C+R.+S.&rft.au=Barnes%2C+R.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780030259821%2Fpage%2F505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AOnychophora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFRoss_Piper2007" class="citation book cs1">Ross Piper (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eqegRf2UstIC&pg=PA109">"Velvet Worms"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/extraordinaryani0000pipe/page/109"><i>Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals</i></a>. Greenwood Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/extraordinaryani0000pipe/page/109">109–11</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-313-33922-6" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-313-33922-6"><bdi>978-0-313-33922-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Velvet+Worms&rft.btitle=Extraordinary+Animals%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Curious+and+Unusual+Animals&rft.pages=109-11&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33922-6&rft.au=Ross+Piper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeqegRf2UstIC%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AOnychophora" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Upotreblja se zastarjeli parametar <code class="cs1-code">|chapterurl=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške (stranica ne postoji)">pomoć</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFPodsiadlowski,_L.Braband._A.Mayer,_G.2008" class="citation journal cs1">Podsiadlowski, L.; Braband. A.; Mayer, G. (January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-biology-and-evolution_2008-01_25_1/page/42">"The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Onychophoran <i>Epiperipatus biolleyi</i> Reveals a Unique Transfer RNA Set and Provides Further Support for the Ecdysozoa Hypothesis"</a>. <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>. <b>25</b> (1): 42–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsm223">10.1093/molbev/msm223</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17934206">17934206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=The+Complete+Mitochondrial+Genome+of+the+Onychophoran+Epiperipatus+biolleyi+Reveals+a+Unique+Transfer+RNA+Set+and+Provides+Further+Support+for+the+Ecdysozoa+Hypothesis&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=42-51&rft.date=2008-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsm223&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17934206&rft.au=Podsiadlowski%2C+L.&rft.au=Braband.+A.&rft.au=Mayer%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_molecular-biology-and-evolution_2008-01_25_1%2Fpage%2F42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AOnychophora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFStrausfeldStrausfeldLoeselRowell2006" class="citation journal cs1">Strausfeld, Nicholas J.; Strausfeld, Camilla Mok; Loesel, Rudi; Rowell, David; Stowe, Sally (august 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1634797">"Arthropod phylogeny: onychophoran brain organization suggests an archaic relationship with a chelicerate stem lineage"</a>. <i>Proceedings: Biological Sciences</i>. <b>273</b> (1596): 1857–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2006.3536">10.1098/rspb.2006.3536</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Slobodno dostupno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1634797">1634797</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822744">16822744</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Arthropod+phylogeny%3A+onychophoran+brain+organization+suggests+an+archaic+relationship+with+a+chelicerate+stem+lineage&rft.volume=273&rft.issue=1596&rft.pages=1857-66&rft.date=2006-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1634797%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16822744&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2006.3536&rft.aulast=Strausfeld&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+J.&rft.au=Strausfeld%2C+Camilla+Mok&rft.au=Loesel%2C+Rudi&rft.au=Rowell%2C+David&rft.au=Stowe%2C+Sally&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1634797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AOnychophora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhang2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2011_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFZhang2011" class="citation book cs1">Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p012.pdf"><i>Animal biodiversity: An introduction to higher-level classification and taxonomic richness</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Zootaxa</i>. <b>3148</b>. str. 7–12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.3148.1.3">10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-1-86977-849-1" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-1-86977-849-1"><bdi>978-1-86977-849-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+biodiversity%3A+An+introduction+to+higher-level+classification+and+taxonomic+richness&rft.pages=7-12&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fzootaxa.3148.1.3&rft.isbn=978-1-86977-849-1&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Zhi-Qiang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmapress.com%2Fzootaxa%2F2011%2Ff%2Fzt03148p012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AOnychophora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oliveira_et_al.2012-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oliveira_et_al.2012_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oliveira_et_al.2012_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFOliveiraReadMayer2012" class="citation journal cs1">Oliveira, Ivo de Sena; Read, V. Morley St. J.; Mayer, Georg (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pubmed-PMC3426840">"A world checklist of Onychophora (velvet worms), with notes on nomenclature and status of names"</a>. <i>ZooKeys</i> (211): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pubmed-PMC3426840/page/n0">1</a>–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3897%2Fzookeys.211.3463">10.3897/zookeys.211.3463</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Slobodno dostupno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426840">3426840</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22930648">22930648</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ZooKeys&rft.atitle=A+world+checklist+of+Onychophora+%28velvet+worms%29%2C+with+notes+on+nomenclature+and+status+of+names&rft.issue=211&rft.pages=1-70&rft.date=2012&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3426840%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22930648&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3897%2Fzookeys.211.3463&rft.aulast=Oliveira&rft.aufirst=Ivo+de+Sena&rft.au=Read%2C+V.+Morley+St.+J.&rft.au=Mayer%2C+Georg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpubmed-PMC3426840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AOnychophora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080506134057/http://www.mnhn.fr/assoc/myriapoda/GAONYCHO.HTM">https://web.archive.org/web/20080506134057/http://www.mnhn.fr/assoc/myriapoda/GAONYCHO.HTM</a> Galerija</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Postojeća_Koljena_životinjskog_carstva" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312386">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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href="/wiki/Ctenophora" title="Ctenophora">Ctenophora</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Grebenaste meduze)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spu%C5%BEva" class="mw-redirect" title="Spužva">Porifera</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spužve)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placozoa" title="Placozoa">Plakozoe</a> <i><span style="font-size:85%;">(Trichoplax)</span></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Planulozoa" title="Planulozoa">P<br />l<br />a<br />n<br />u<br />l<br />o<br />z<br />o<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Koral" class="mw-redirect" title="Koral">Korali</a>, morski krinovi, <a href="/wiki/Hidrozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrozoa">hidrozoa</a>, meduze, mikozoa)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bilateria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilateria">B<br />i<br />l<br />a<br />t<br />e<br />r<br />i<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xenacoelomorpha" title="Xenacoelomorpha">Xenacoelomorpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xenacoelomorpha" title="Xenacoelomorpha">Ksenoturbelomorfe</a> <i><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Xenoturbella" title="Xenoturbella">Xenoturbella</a>)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoelomorpha" title="Acoelomorpha">Acelomorfe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acoela, Nemertodermatida)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nephrozoa" title="Nephrozoa">N<br />e<br />p<br />h<br />r<br />o<br />z<br />o<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Deuterostomije" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterostomia" title="Deuterostomia">Deuterostomije</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordata">Hordati</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Koplja%C4%8De" title="Kopljače">Kopljače</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pla%C5%A1ta%C5%A1i" title="Plaštaši">Plaštaši</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kranijati" class="mw-redirect" title="Kranijati">Kranijati</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ambulacraria" title="Ambulacraria">Ambulacraria</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemichordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemichordata">Hemihordati</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Koplja%C4%8De" title="Kopljače">Kopljače</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pterobranchia" title="Pterobranchia">Pterobranchia</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinodermata" class="mw-redirect" title="Echinodermata">Bodljokošci</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Morske_zvijezde" title="Morske zvijezde">Morske zvijezde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morski_je%C5%BEevi" title="Morski ježevi">Morski ježevi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morski_krastavci" title="Morski krastavci">Morski krastavci</a> i njihovi srodnici)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protostomia" title="Protostomia">P<br />r<br />o<br />t<br />o<br />s<br />t<br />o<br />m<br />i<br />a</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bazni_/_incertae_sedis" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3262884">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Bazni / <a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaetognatha" title="Chaetognatha">Chaetognatha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cekinjasti_crvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Čekinjasti crvi">Čekinjasti crvi</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">Ecdysozoa</a><br /><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262884"><span class="nobold">(Linjajuće životinje)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262884"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">Incertae sedis</a></span></i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loricifera" title="Loricifera">Loricifera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;"><a href="/wiki/Scalidophora" title="Scalidophora">Scalidophora</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinorhyncha" title="Kinorhyncha">Kinorhyncha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Zmajevi blatišta)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapulida" title="Priapulida">Priapulida</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Prodirući crvi)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;"><a href="/wiki/Nematoida" title="Nematoida">Nematoida</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nematomorpha" title="Nematomorpha">Nematomorpha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Pljosnate_gliste" class="mw-redirect" title="Pljosnate gliste">Pljosnate gliste</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematoda" title="Nematoda">Nematode</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Valjkaste_gliste" class="mw-redirect" title="Valjkaste gliste">Valjkaste gliste</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;"><a href="/wiki/Panarthropoda" title="Panarthropoda">Panarthropoda</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tardigrada" title="Tardigrada">Tardigradi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Vodeni_medvjedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodeni medvjedi">Vodeni medvjedi</a>)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Onychophora</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bar%C5%A1unasti_crvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Baršunasti crvi">Baršunasti crvi</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Zglavkari" title="Zglavkari">Zglavkari</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Spiralia" title="Spiralia">Spiralia</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;"><a href="/wiki/Gnathifera" title="Gnathifera">Gnathifera</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnathostomulida" title="Gnathostomulida">Gnathostomulida</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Vili%C4%8Dasti_crvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Viličasti crvi">Viličasti crvi</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnognathia" title="Limnognathia">Micrognathozoa</a> <i><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Limnognathia" title="Limnognathia">Limnognathia</a>)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotifera" title="Rotifera">Rotifera</a><span style="font-size:85%;">(Kolutičavci)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthocephala" title="Acanthocephala">Akantocefali</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bodljoglavi_crvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodljoglavi crvi">Bodljoglavi crvi</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:9em;">Platytrochozoa</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rouphozoa</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrotricha" title="Gastrotricha">Gastrotrihe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Dlakotrbe gliste)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platyhelminthes" class="mw-redirect" title="Platyhelminthes">Platyhelminthes</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Pljosnate_gliste" class="mw-redirect" title="Pljosnate gliste">Pljosnate gliste</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lophotrochozoa" title="Lophotrochozoa">Lophotrochozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthonectida" title="Orthonectida">Orthonectida</a>²</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicyemida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dicyemida (stranica ne postoji)">Dicyemida (Rhombozoa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollusca" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mehku%C5%A1ci" title="Mehkušci">Mehkušci</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemertea" title="Nemertea">Nemertea</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Trakavice" class="mw-redirect" title="Trakavice">Trakavice</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pantlji%C4%8Dare" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantljičare">Pantljičare</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">Annelidi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Prstenaste_gliste" class="mw-redirect" title="Prstenaste gliste">Prstenaste gliste</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lophophore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lophophore (stranica ne postoji)">Lophophorata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brachiopoda" title="Brachiopoda">Brachiopoda</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Lampaste školjke)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoronida" title="Phoronida">Phoronida</a><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopitaste_gliste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kopitaste gliste (stranica ne postoji)">Kopitaste gliste</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</a> (Ectoprocta) <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mahovnjaci" title="Mahovnjaci">Mahovnjaci</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262884"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Kladus" title="Kladus">Kladus</a></span></i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symbiophora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symbiophora (stranica ne postoji)">Cycliophora</a> <i><span style="font-size:85%;">(Symbion)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entoprocta" title="Entoprocta">Entoprokte</a> (Kamptozoa)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262884"><span class="nobold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomen_dubium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomen dubium (stranica ne postoji)">Sumnjivi</a></span></i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salinella" title="Salinella">Monoblastozoa</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(Salinella)</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3262884"><span class="nobold">Zastarjeli</span></i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentastomida" title="Pentastomida">Pentastomide</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jezi%C4%8Daste_gliste" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezičaste gliste">Jezičaste gliste</a>)</span>]] (u <a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipuncula" title="Sipuncula">Sipuncula <span style="font-size:85%;">(Loptaste gliste)</span></a> (u <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">Annelida</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echiura" title="Echiura">Echiura <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kašikaste gliste)</span></a> (u Annelida)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siboglinidae" title="Siboglinidae">Pogonophora <span style="font-size:85%;">(Gigantske cjevaste gliste)</span></a> (u <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">Annelida</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siboglinidae" title="Siboglinidae">Vestimentifera</a> (u <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">Annelida</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myxozoa" title="Myxozoa">Myxozoa</a> (u <a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molluscoida" class="mw-redirect" title="Molluscoida">Molluscoida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polifilija" title="Polifilija">Polifiletske</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aschelminthes" title="Aschelminthes">Aschelminthes</a> (Polifiletske)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gephyrea" title="Gephyrea">Gephyrea</a> (Polifiletske)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelenterata" class="mw-redirect" title="Coelenterata">Coelenterata</a> (Polifiletske)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophophorata" title="Lophophorata">Annulata</a> (Polifiletske)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Preuzeto iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&oldid=3646215">https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&oldid=3646215</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a 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