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<span>Prelude</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prelude subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Intelligence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intelligence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Intelligence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intelligence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>U.S. plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hessian_moves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hessian_moves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hessian moves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hessian_moves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crossing_and_march" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crossing_and_march"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Crossing and march</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crossing_and_march-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battle</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Battle-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Battle subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>U.S. attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hessian_resistance_collapses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hessian_resistance_collapses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hessian resistance collapses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hessian_resistance_collapses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties_and_capture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties_and_capture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Casualties and capture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties_and_capture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hessian_drinking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hessian_drinking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Hessian drinking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hessian_drinking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Painting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_van_Trenton" title="Slag van Trenton – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Slag van Trenton" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="معركة ترينتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة ترينتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88" title="ترنتون دؤیوشو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ترنتون دؤیوشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenton_chi%C3%A0n-e%CC%8Dk" title="Trenton chiàn-e̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Trenton chiàn-e̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Битка за Трентън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка за Трентън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Trenton" title="Batalla de Trenton – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de Trenton" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_o_Trenton" title="Bitva o Trenton – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva o Trenton" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Trenton" title="Slaget ved Trenton – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slaget ved Trenton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Trenton" title="Schlacht von Trenton – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht von Trenton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Trenton" title="Batalla de Trenton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Trenton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo_de_Trenton" title="Batalo de Trenton – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalo de Trenton" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="نبرد ترنتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد ترنتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Trenton" title="Bataille de Trenton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Trenton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%8C%ED%84%B4_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="트렌턴 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트렌턴 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Trenton" title="Battaglia di Trenton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Trenton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="קרב טרנטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב טרנטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Trenton" title="Pertempuran Trenton – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertempuran Trenton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Trenton" title="Slag bij Trenton – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Trenton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="トレントンの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トレントンの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Trenton" title="Slaget ved Trenton – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget ved Trenton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Trenton" title="Bitwa pod Trenton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Trenton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Trenton" title="Batalha de Trenton – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Trenton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Сражение при Трентоне – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сражение при Трентоне" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Battle of Trenton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Битка код Трентона – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка код Трентона" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trentonin_taistelu" title="Trentonin taistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Trentonin taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Trenton" title="Slaget vid Trenton – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Trenton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88" title="டிரென்டன் சண்டை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டிரென்டன் சண்டை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_Trenton" title="Trận Trenton – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Trenton" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%80%AB%E9%A0%93%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="特倫頓戰役 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="特倫頓戰役" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q653664#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Trenton&params=40_13_33_N_74_45_53_W_type:event_region:US-NJ"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°13′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°45′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.22583°N 74.76472°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.22583; -74.76472</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Battle of the American Revolutionary War (December 26, 1776)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the battle that took place in Trenton, New Jersey, on January 2, 1777, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Trenton</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Trenton_by_Charles_McBarron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Battle_of_Trenton_by_Charles_McBarron.jpg/300px-Battle_of_Trenton_by_Charles_McBarron.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Battle_of_Trenton_by_Charles_McBarron.jpg/450px-Battle_of_Trenton_by_Charles_McBarron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Battle_of_Trenton_by_Charles_McBarron.jpg/600px-Battle_of_Trenton_by_Charles_McBarron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1931" data-file-height="1407" /></a></span><br /><i>Battle of Trenton</i>, a 1975 portrait of the battle by <a href="/wiki/H._Charles_McBarron_Jr." title="H. Charles McBarron Jr.">H. Charles McBarron Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>December 26, 1776<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1776-12-26</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton, New Jersey</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Trenton&params=40_13_33_N_74_45_53_W_type:event_region:US-NJ"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°13′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°45′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.22583°N 74.76472°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.22583; -74.76472</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> American victory<sup id="cite_ref-Wood_p.72_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood_p.72-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United States</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel">Hesse-Kassel</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nathanael_Greene" title="Nathanael Greene">Nathanael Greene</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">John Sullivan</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Hesse.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hesse.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Rall" title="Johann Rall">Johann Rall</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 2,400<sup id="cite_ref-fish391-393_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish391-393-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 1,500<sup id="cite_ref-fis396_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fis396-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 2 dead from exposure <br /> 5 wounded<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 22 killed <br /> 83 wounded <br /> 800–900 captured<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"><div 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Northern_1775" title="Template:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Northern 1775"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Northern_1775" title="Template talk:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Northern 1775"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_American_Revolutionary_War:_Northern_1775" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Northern 1775"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign_1776–1777" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign"><span class="wrap">New York and New Jersey campaign</span></a> <br /> 1776–1777</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_(submersible)" title="Turtle (submersible)">The <i>Turtle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Peace_Conference" title="Staten Island Peace Conference">Staten Island Peace Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Kip%27s_Bay" title="Landing at Kip's Bay">Kip's Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harlem_Heights" title="Battle of Harlem Heights">Harlem Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pell%27s_Point" title="Battle of Pell's Point">Pell's Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mamaroneck" title="Battle of Mamaroneck">Mamaroneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Plains" title="Battle of White Plains">White Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington" title="Battle of Fort Washington">Fort Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_Historic_Park#Battle_of_Fort_Lee" title="Fort Lee Historic Park">Fort Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Geary" title="Ambush of Geary">Geary Ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iron_Works_Hill" title="Battle of Iron Works Hill">Iron Works Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Delaware crossing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage_War" title="Forage War">Forage War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Millstone" title="Battle of Millstone">Millstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Trenton</b> was a small but pivotal <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> battle on the morning of December 26, 1776, in <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton, New Jersey</a>. After General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>'s <a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">crossing of the Delaware River</a> north of Trenton the previous night, Washington led the main body of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> against <a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldiers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessian (soldiers)">Hessian</a> auxiliaries garrisoned at Trenton. After a brief battle, almost two-thirds of the Hessian force were captured, with negligible losses to the Americans. The battle significantly boosted the Continental Army's waning morale, and inspired re-enlistments. </p><p>The Continental Army had previously <a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">suffered several defeats</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> and had been forced to retreat through New Jersey to <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. Morale in the army was low; to end the year on a positive note, George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, devised a plan to cross the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> on the night of December 25–26 (<a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Stephen's Day">St. Stephen's Day</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-birch_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and surround the Hessians' garrison. </p><p>Because the river was icy and the weather severe, the crossing proved dangerous. Two detachments were unable to cross the river, leaving Washington with only 2,400 men under his command in the assault, 3,000 fewer than planned. The army marched 9 mi (14.5 km) south to Trenton. The Hessians had lowered their guard, thinking they were safe from the Americans' army, and had no long-distance outposts or patrols. Washington's forces caught them off guard, and after a short but fierce resistance, most of the Hessians surrendered and were captured, with just over a third escaping across <a href="/wiki/Assunpink_Creek" title="Assunpink Creek">Assunpink Creek</a>. </p><p>Despite the battle's small numbers, the victory inspired <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a> and sympathizers of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. With the success of the ongoing revolution in doubt a week earlier, the army had seemed on the verge of collapse. The dramatic victory inspired soldiers to believe the war was not a lost cause and serve longer. It also attracted new recruits to the ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-birch_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a></div> <p>In early December 1776, American morale was very low.<sup id="cite_ref-bh55_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh55-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Americans had been <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">ousted from New York</a> by the British and their Hessian auxiliaries, and the Continental Army was forced to retreat across New Jersey. Ninety percent of the Continental Army soldiers who had served at Long Island were gone.<sup id="cite_ref-Savas84_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savas84-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men had deserted, feeling that the cause for independence was lost. Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, expressed some doubts, writing to his cousin in Virginia, "I think the game is pretty near up."<sup id="cite_ref-ketch235_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ketch235-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time a small town in New Jersey, Trenton was occupied by four regiments of Hessian soldiers (numbering about 1,400 men) commanded by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Johann_Rall" title="Johann Rall">Johann Rall</a>. Washington's force comprised 2,400 men, with infantry divisions commanded by Major Generals <a href="/wiki/Nathanael_Greene" title="Nathanael Greene">Nathanael Greene</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">John Sullivan</a>, and artillery under the direction of Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Henry Knox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intelligence">Intelligence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Intelligence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>George Washington had stationed a spy named <a href="/wiki/John_Honeyman" title="John Honeyman">John Honeyman</a>, posing as a <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Tory</a>, in Trenton. Honeyman had served with Major General <a href="/wiki/James_Wolfe" title="James Wolfe">James Wolfe</a> in Quebec at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Plains_of_Abraham" title="Battle of the Plains of Abraham">Battle of the Plains of Abraham</a> on September 13, 1759, and had no trouble establishing his credentials as a Tory. Honeyman was a butcher and bartender, who traded with the British and Hessians. This enabled him to gather intelligence and to convince the Hessians that the Continental Army was in such a low state of morale that they would not attack Trenton. Shortly before Christmas, he arranged to be captured by the Continental Army, who had orders to bring him to Washington unharmed. After being questioned by Washington, he was imprisoned in a hut to be tried as a Tory in the morning, but a small fire broke out nearby, enabling him to "escape".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the evening before the battle, Hessian commander Rall was celebrating Christmas with his troops at the farm of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Hunt" title="Abraham Hunt">Abraham Hunt</a>, a wealthy merchant and farmer of Trenton. Hunt played the role of a friendly <a href="/wiki/Loyalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Loyalist">Loyalist</a> host, giving Rall a false sense of serenity while Washington and his troops were preparing for a surprise attack.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._plan">U.S. plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: U.S. plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle-of-Trenton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Battle-of-Trenton.jpg/250px-Battle-of-Trenton.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Battle-of-Trenton.jpg/375px-Battle-of-Trenton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Battle-of-Trenton.jpg/500px-Battle-of-Trenton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>The U.S. plan of attack under Washington</figcaption></figure> <p>The U.S. plan relied on launching coordinated attacks from three directions. General <a href="/wiki/John_Cadwalader_(general)" title="John Cadwalader (general)">John Cadwalader</a> would launch a diversionary attack against the British garrison at <a href="/wiki/Bordentown,_New_Jersey" title="Bordentown, New Jersey">Bordentown, New Jersey</a>, to block off reinforcements from the south. General <a href="/wiki/James_Ewing_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Ewing (Pennsylvania politician)">James Ewing</a> would take 700 militia across the river at Trenton Ferry, seize the bridge over the Assunpink Creek and prevent enemy troops from escaping. The main assault force of 2,400 men would cross the river 9 mi (14 km) north of Trenton and split into two groups, one under Greene and one under Sullivan, to launch a pre-dawn attack.<sup id="cite_ref-bh56_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh56-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sullivan would attack the town from the south, and Greene from the north.<sup id="cite_ref-Savas84_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savas84-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the success of the operation, the Americans would possibly follow up with separate attacks on <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bh55_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh55-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the week before the battle, U.S. advance parties began to ambush enemy cavalry patrols, capturing dispatch riders and attacking Hessian <a href="/wiki/Picket_(military)" title="Picket (military)">pickets</a>. The Hessian commander, to emphasize the danger his men were facing, sent 100 infantry and an artillery detachment to deliver a letter to the British commander at Princeton.<sup id="cite_ref-bh55_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh55-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington ordered Ewing and his Pennsylvania militia to try to gain information on Hessian movements and technology.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer195_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer195-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ewing instead made three successful raids across the river. On December 17 and 18, 1776, they attacked an outpost of <i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4ger_(infantry)" title="Jäger (infantry)">jägers</a></i> and on the 21st, they set fire to several houses.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer195_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer195-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington put constant watches on all possible crossings near the Continental Army encampment on the Delaware, as he believed <a href="/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe" title="William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe">William Howe</a> would launch an attack from the north on Philadelphia if the river froze over.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 20, 1776, some 2,000 troops led by General Sullivan arrived in Washington's camp.<sup id="cite_ref-Savas83_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savas83-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had been under the command of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(general)" title="Charles Lee (general)">Charles Lee</a> and had been moving slowly through northern New Jersey when Lee was captured. That same day, an additional 800 troops arrived from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Fort Ticonderoga">Fort Ticonderoga</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Gates" title="Horatio Gates">Horatio Gates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Savas83_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savas83-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hessian_moves">Hessian moves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hessian moves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle-trenton-sketch-rochambeau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Battle-trenton-sketch-rochambeau.jpg/250px-Battle-trenton-sketch-rochambeau.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Battle-trenton-sketch-rochambeau.jpg/375px-Battle-trenton-sketch-rochambeau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Battle-trenton-sketch-rochambeau.jpg/500px-Battle-trenton-sketch-rochambeau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4454" data-file-height="2886" /></a><figcaption>The Hessian Sketch of the Battle of Trenton</figcaption></figure> <p>On December 14, 1776, the Hessians arrived in Trenton to establish their winter quarters.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Trenton was a small town with about 100 houses and two main streets, King (now Warren) Street and Queen (now Broad) Street.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Donop" title="Carl von Donop">Carl von Donop</a>, Rall's superior, had marched south to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Holly,_New_Jersey" title="Mount Holly, New Jersey">Mount Holly</a> on December 22 to deal with the resistance in New Jersey, and had <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iron_Works_Hill" title="Battle of Iron Works Hill">clashed</a> with some New Jersey militia there on December 23.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Donop, who despised Rall, was reluctant to give command of Trenton to him.<sup id="cite_ref-Ketchum229_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ketchum229-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rall was known to be loud and unacquainted with the English language,<sup id="cite_ref-Ketchum229_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ketchum229-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he was also a 36-year veteran with a great deal of battle experience. His request for reinforcements had been turned down by British commander General <a href="/wiki/James_Grant_(British_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Grant (British Army officer)">James Grant</a>, who disdained the American rebels and thought them poor soldiers. Despite Rall's experience, the Hessians at Trenton did not admire their commander.<sup id="cite_ref-Lengel183_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lengel183-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trenton lacked city walls or fortifications, which was typical of U.S. settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-fish189_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish189-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Hessian officers advised Rall to fortify the town, and two of his engineers advised that a <a href="/wiki/Redoubt" title="Redoubt">redoubt</a> be constructed at the upper end of town and fortifications be built along the river.<sup id="cite_ref-fish189_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish189-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engineers went so far as to draw up plans, but Rall disagreed with them.<sup id="cite_ref-fish189_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish189-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Rall was again urged to fortify the town, he replied, "Let them come ... We will go at them with the bayonet."<sup id="cite_ref-fish189_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish189-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Christmas approached, <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a> came to Trenton to report the Americans were planning action.<sup id="cite_ref-ketch235_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ketch235-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. deserters told the Hessians that rations were being prepared for an advance across the river. Rall publicly dismissed such talk as nonsense, but privately in letters to his superiors, he said he was worried about an imminent attack.<sup id="cite_ref-ketch235_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ketch235-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote to Donop that he was "liable to be attacked at any moment". Rall said that Trenton was "indefensible" and asked that British troops establish a garrison in Maidenhead (now <a href="/wiki/Lawrenceville,_New_Jersey" title="Lawrenceville, New Jersey">Lawrenceville</a>). Close to Trenton, this would help defend the roads from Americans. His request was denied.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Americans disrupted Hessian supply lines, the officers started to share Rall's fears. One wrote, "We have not slept one night in peace since we came to this place."<sup id="cite_ref-ketch236_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ketch236-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 22, 1776, a spy reported to Grant that Washington had called a council of war; Grant told Rall to "be on your guard".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main Hessian force of 1,500 men was divided into three regiments: Knyphausen, Lossberg and Rall. That night, they did not send out any patrols because of the severe weather.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crossing_and_march">Crossing and march</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Crossing and march"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg/250px-1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg/375px-1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg/500px-1819_Passage_OfThe_Delaware_byThomasSully_MFABoston.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passage_of_the_Delaware" title="The Passage of the Delaware">The Passage of the Delaware</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sully" title="Thomas Sully">Thomas Sully</a>, 1819 (<a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Before Washington and his troops left, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Benjamin Rush</a> came to cheer up the general. While he was there, he saw a note Washington had written, saying, "Victory or Death".<sup id="cite_ref-ketch236_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ketch236-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those words would be the password for the surprise attack.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each soldier carried 60 rounds of ammunition, and three days of rations.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the army arrived at the shores of the Delaware, they were already behind schedule, and clouds began to form above them.<sup id="cite_ref-fish212_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish212-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It began to rain. As the air's temperature dropped, the rain changed to sleet, and then to snow.<sup id="cite_ref-fish212_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish212-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Americans began to cross the river, with John Glover in command. The men went across in <a href="/wiki/Durham_boat" title="Durham boat">Durham boats</a>, while the horses and artillery went across on large ferries.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferling_p.176_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferling_p.176-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/14th_Continental_Regiment" title="14th Continental Regiment">14th Continental Regiment</a> of Glover manned the boats. During the crossing, several men fell overboard, including Colonel <a href="/wiki/John_Haslet" title="John Haslet">John Haslet</a>. Haslet was quickly pulled out of the water. No one died during the crossing, and all the artillery pieces made it over in good condition.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two small detachments of infantry of about 40 men each were ordered ahead of main columns.<sup id="cite_ref-fish221_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish221-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They set roadblocks ahead of the main army and were to take prisoner whoever came into or left the town.<sup id="cite_ref-fish221_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish221-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the groups was sent north of Trenton, and the other was sent to block River Road, which ran along the Delaware River to Trenton.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washingtons_Crossing_Park_Cannon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo shows an 18th-century cannon, probably a 3-pounder, with an old stone building and the Delaware River in the background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Washingtons_Crossing_Park_Cannon.JPG/260px-Washingtons_Crossing_Park_Cannon.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Washingtons_Crossing_Park_Cannon.JPG/390px-Washingtons_Crossing_Park_Cannon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Washingtons_Crossing_Park_Cannon.JPG/520px-Washingtons_Crossing_Park_Cannon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Cannon at Washington's Crossing Historic Park</figcaption></figure> <p>The terrible weather conditions delayed the landings in New Jersey until 3:00 am; the plan was that they were supposed to be completed by 12:00 am. Washington realized it would be impossible to launch a pre-dawn attack. Another setback occurred for the Americans, as generals Cadwalader and Ewing were unable to join the attack because of the weather conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-bh56_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh56-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 4:00 am, the soldiers began to march towards Trenton.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along the way, several civilians joined as volunteers and led as guides (such as <a href="/wiki/John_Mott_(captain)" title="John Mott (captain)">John Mott</a>) because of their knowledge of the terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After marching 1.5 mi (2.4 km) through winding roads into the wind, they reached Bear Tavern, where they turned south onto Bear Tavern Road .<sup id="cite_ref-fish26_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish26-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ground was slippery, but it was level, making it easier for the horses and artillery. They began to make better time.<sup id="cite_ref-fish26_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish26-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They soon reached <a href="/wiki/Jacobs_Creek_(New_Jersey)" title="Jacobs Creek (New Jersey)">Jacobs Creek</a>, where, with difficulty, the Americans made it across.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two groups stayed together until they reached Birmingham (now West Trenton), where they split apart, with Greene's force heading east to approach Trenton by the Scotch and Pennington roads and Sullivan's heading southwest to approach via River Road.<sup id="cite_ref-Savas84_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savas84-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, they reached the house of Benjamin Moore, where the family offered food and drink to Washington. At this point, the first signs of daylight began to appear.<sup id="cite_ref-fish228_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish228-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the troops did not have boots, so they were forced to wear rags around their feet. Some of the men's feet bled, turning the snow to a dark red. Two men died on the march.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As they marched, Washington rode up and down the line, encouraging the men to continue.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferling_p.176_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferling_p.176-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General Sullivan sent a courier to tell Washington that the weather was wetting his men's gunpowder. Washington replied, "Tell General Sullivan to use the bayonet. I am resolved to take Trenton."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 2 mi (3 km) outside the town, the main columns reunited with the advance parties.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were startled by the sudden appearance of 50 armed men, but they were American. Led by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Stephen" title="Adam Stephen">Adam Stephen</a>, they had not known about the plan to attack Trenton and had attacked a Hessian outpost.<sup id="cite_ref-fish32_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish32-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington feared the Hessians would have been put on guard, and shouted at Stephen, "You sir! You Sir, may have ruined all my plans by having them put on their guard."<sup id="cite_ref-fish32_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish32-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, Washington ordered the advance continue to Trenton. In the event, Rall thought the first raid was the attack which Grant had warned him about, and that there would be no further action that day.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle_of_the_Battle_of_Trenton" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of battle of the Battle of Trenton">Order of battle of the Battle of Trenton</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._attack">U.S. attack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: U.S. attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Trenton.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Battle_of_Trenton.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif/300px-Battle_of_Trenton.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Battle_of_Trenton.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif/450px-Battle_of_Trenton.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Battle_of_Trenton.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif/600px-Battle_of_Trenton.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif 2x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The Battle of Trenton, December 26, 1776</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry-revolutionary-war.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Henry-revolutionary-war.jpg/220px-Henry-revolutionary-war.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Henry-revolutionary-war.jpg/330px-Henry-revolutionary-war.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Henry-revolutionary-war.jpg/440px-Henry-revolutionary-war.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1447" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption>The engraving <i>George Washington at the Battle of Trenton</i> by the Illman Brothers in 1870</figcaption></figure> <p>At 8 am on the morning of December 26, the Hessians established an outpost at a <a href="/wiki/Cooper_(profession)" title="Cooper (profession)">cooper</a> shop on Pennington Road about one mile northwest of Trenton.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington then led the assault on it, riding in front of his soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-fish235_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish235-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Hessian commander of the outpost, Lieutenant Andreas Wiederholdt, left the shop, an American fired at him but missed.<sup id="cite_ref-fish235_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish235-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wiederholdt immediately shouted, <i>"Der Feind!"</i> (The Enemy!) and other Hessians came out.<sup id="cite_ref-fish237_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish237-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Americans fired three volleys, and the Hessians returned one of their own.<sup id="cite_ref-fish235_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish235-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington ordered <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hand" title="Edward Hand">Edward Hand</a>'s Pennsylvania Riflemen and a battalion of German-speaking infantry to block the road that led to Princeton. They attacked the Hessian outpost there.<sup id="cite_ref-fish237_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish237-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wiederholdt soon realized that this was more than a raiding party; seeing other Hessians retreating from the outpost, he led his men to do the same.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Hessian detachments made organized retreats, firing as they fell back.<sup id="cite_ref-fish237_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish237-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the high ground at the north end of Trenton, they were joined by a duty company from the Lossberg Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-fish237_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish237-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They engaged the Americans, retreating slowly, keeping up continuous fire and using houses for cover.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once in Trenton, they gained covering fire from other Hessian guard companies on the outskirts of the town. Another guard company nearer to the Delaware River rushed east to their aid, leaving open the River Road into Trenton. Washington ordered the escape route to Princeton be cut off, sending infantry in battle formation to block it, while artillery formed at the head of King and Queen streets.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leading the southern U.S. column, General Sullivan entered Trenton by the abandoned River Road and blocked the only crossing over the Assunpink Creek to cut off the Hessian escape.<sup id="cite_ref-wood68_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood68-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sullivan briefly held up his advance to make sure Greene's division had time to drive the Hessians from their outposts in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-wood68_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood68-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, they continued their advance, attacking the Hermitage, home of <a href="/wiki/Philemon_Dickinson" title="Philemon Dickinson">Philemon Dickinson</a>, where 50 jägers under the command of Lieutenant von Grothausen were stationed.<sup id="cite_ref-wood68_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood68-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lieutenant von Grothausen brought 12 of his jägers into action against the advanced guard but had only advanced a few hundred yards when he saw a column of Americans advancing to the Hermitage.<sup id="cite_ref-wood68_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood68-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pulling back to the Hessian barracks, he was joined by the rest of the jägers. After the exchange of one volley, they turned and ran, some trying to swim across the creek, while others escaped over the bridge, which had not yet been cut off. The 20 British <a href="/wiki/Dragoon" title="Dragoon">dragoons</a> also fled.<sup id="cite_ref-wood68_50-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood68-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Greene and Sullivan's columns pushed into the town, Washington moved to high ground north of King and Queens streets to see the action and direct his troops.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time, U.S. artillery from the other side of the Delaware River had come into action, devastating the Hessian positions.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the sounding of the alarm, the three Hessian regiments began to prepare for battle.<sup id="cite_ref-fish240_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish240-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rall regiment formed on lower King Street along with the Lossberg regiment, while the Knyphausen regiment formed at the lower end of Queen Street.<sup id="cite_ref-fish240_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish240-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lieutenant Piel, Rall's brigade adjutant, woke his commander, who found that the rebels had taken the "V" of the main streets of the town. This is where the engineers had recommended building a redoubt. Rall ordered his regiment to form up at the lower end of King Street, the Lossberg regiment to prepare for an advance up Queen Street, and the Knyphausen regiment to stand by as a reserve for Rall's advance up King Street.<sup id="cite_ref-wood68_50-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood68-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. cannon stationed at the head of the two main streets soon came into action. In reply, Rall directed his regiment, supported by a few companies of the Lossberg regiment, to clear the guns.<sup id="cite_ref-wood70_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood70-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hessians formed ranks and began to advance up the street, but their formations were quickly broken by the U.S. guns and fire from Mercer's men who had taken houses on the left side of the street.<sup id="cite_ref-wood70_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood70-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Breaking ranks, the Hessians fled. Rall ordered two three-pound cannons into action. After getting off six rounds each, within just a few minutes, half of the Hessians manning their guns were killed by the U.S. cannon.<sup id="cite_ref-wood70_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood70-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the men fled to cover behind houses and fences, their cannons were taken by the Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-wood71_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood71-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following capture of the cannons, men under the command of <a href="/wiki/George_Weedon" title="George Weedon">George Weedon</a> advanced down King Street.<sup id="cite_ref-wood68_50-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood68-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Queen Street, all Hessian attempts to advance up the street were repulsed by guns under the command of Thomas Forrest. After firing four rounds each, two more Hessian guns were silenced. One of Forrest's howitzers was put out of action with a broken axle.<sup id="cite_ref-wood68_50-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood68-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Knyphausen regiment became separated from the Lossberg and the Rall regiments. The Lossberg and the Rall regiments fell back to a field outside of town, taking heavy losses from <a href="/wiki/Grapeshot" title="Grapeshot">grapeshot</a> and musket fire. In the southern part of the town, Americans under command of Sullivan began to overwhelm the Hessians. <a href="/wiki/John_Stark" title="John Stark">John Stark</a> led a bayonet charge at the Knyphausen regiment, whose resistance broke because their weapons would not fire. Sullivan led a column of men to block off escape of troops across the creek.<sup id="cite_ref-wood71_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood71-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hessian_resistance_collapses">Hessian resistance collapses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hessian resistance collapses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hessians in the field attempted to reorganize and make one last attempt to retake the town so they could make a breakout.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood_p.72_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood_p.72-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rall decided to attack the U.S. flank on the heights north of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-fish246_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish246-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rall yelled "Forward! Advance! Advance!", and the Hessians began to move, with the brigade's band playing fifes, bugles and drums to help the Hessians' spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-fish246_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish246-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Washington, still on high ground, saw the Hessians approaching the U.S. flank. He moved his troops to assume battle formation against the enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-fish246_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish246-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two Hessian regiments began marching toward King Street but were caught in U.S. fire that came at them from three directions.<sup id="cite_ref-fish246_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish246-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Americans had taken up defensive positions inside houses, reducing their exposure. Some civilians joined the fight against the Hessians.<sup id="cite_ref-fish249_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish249-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, they continued to push, recapturing their cannons. At the head of King Street, Knox saw the Hessians had retaken the cannons and ordered his troops to take them. Six men ran and, after a brief struggle, seized the cannons, turning them on the Hessians.<sup id="cite_ref-fish247_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish247-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With most of the Hessians unable to fire their guns, the attack stalled. The Hessians' formations broke, and they began to scatter.<sup id="cite_ref-fish249_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish249-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rall was mortally wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington led his troops down from high ground while yelling, "March on, my brave fellows, after me!"<sup id="cite_ref-fish249_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish249-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the Hessians retreated into an orchard, with the Americans in close pursuit. Quickly surrounded,<sup id="cite_ref-fish251_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish251-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Hessians were offered terms of surrender, to which they agreed. </p><p>Although ordered to join Rall, the remains of the Knyphausen regiment mistakenly marched in the opposite direction.<sup id="cite_ref-fish251_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish251-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They tried to escape across the bridge but found it had been taken. The Americans quickly swept in, defeating a Hessian attempt to break through their lines. Surrounded by Sullivan's men, the regiment surrendered, just minutes after the rest of the brigade.<sup id="cite_ref-wood74_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood74-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties_and_capture">Casualties and capture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Casualties and capture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Monroe_(1758-1831).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/James_Monroe_%281758-1831%29.jpg/170px-James_Monroe_%281758-1831%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/James_Monroe_%281758-1831%29.jpg/255px-James_Monroe_%281758-1831%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/James_Monroe_%281758-1831%29.jpg/340px-James_Monroe_%281758-1831%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The future president <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> fought in the Battle of Trenton alongside <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Hessian forces lost 22 killed in action, including their commander Colonel Johann Rall, 83 wounded, and 896 captured–including the wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Americans suffered only two deaths during the march and five wounded from battle, including a near-fatal shoulder wound to future president <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a>. Other losses incurred by the patriots from exhaustion, exposure, and illness in the following days may have raised their fatalities above those of the Hessians.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer255_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer255-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The captured Hessians were sent to <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a>. In 1777 they were moved to Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rall was mortally wounded and died later that night at his headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer255_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer255-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All four Hessian colonels in Trenton were killed in the battle. The Lossberg regiment was effectively removed from the British forces. Parts of the Knyphausen regiment escaped to the south, but Sullivan captured some 200 additional men, along with the regiment's cannon and supplies. They also captured approximately 1,000 arms and much-needed ammunition.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Americans also captured their entire store of provisions—tons of flour, dried and salted meats, ale and other liquors, as well as shoes, boots, clothing and bedding—things that were as much needed by the ragtag Continental forces as weapons and horses. </p><p>Among those captured by the Patriots was <a href="/wiki/Christian_Strenge" title="Christian Strenge">Christian Strenge</a>, later to become a schoolmaster and <a href="/wiki/Fraktur_(folk_art)" title="Fraktur (folk art)">fraktur</a> artist in Pennsylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-selftaughtgenius_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selftaughtgenius-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hessian_drinking">Hessian drinking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hessian drinking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An officer in Washington's staff wrote before the battle, "They make a great deal of Christmas in Germany, and no doubt the Hessians will drink a great deal of beer and have a dance to-night. They will be sleepy tomorrow morning."<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popular history commonly portrays the Hessians as drunk from Christmas celebrations. However, historian <a href="/wiki/David_Hackett_Fischer" title="David Hackett Fischer">David Hackett Fischer</a> quotes Patriot John Greenwood, who fought in the battle and supervised Hessians afterward, who wrote, "I am certain not a drop of liquor was drunk during the whole night, nor, as I could see, even a piece of bread eaten."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Military historian <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Lengel" title="Edward G. Lengel">Edward G. Lengel</a> wrote, "The Germans were dazed and tired but there is no truth to the legend claiming that they were helplessly drunk."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Hessians' surrender, Washington is reported to have shaken the hand of a young officer and said, "This is a glorious day for our country."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 28, General Washington interviewed Lieutenant (later Colonel) Andreas Wiederhold, who detailed the failures of Rall's preparation.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington soon learned, however, that Cadwalader and Ewing had been unable to complete their crossing, leaving his worn-out army of 2,400 men isolated.<sup id="cite_ref-wood75_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood75-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without their 2,400 men, Washington realized he did not have the forces to attack Princeton and New Brunswick.<sup id="cite_ref-wood75_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood75-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By noon, Washington's force had moved across the Delaware back into Pennsylvania, taking their prisoners and captured supplies with them.<sup id="cite_ref-wood75_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood75-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington would follow up his success a week later in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a> solidifying Patriot gains. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Capture_of_the_Hessians_at_Trenton_December_26_1776.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/The_Capture_of_the_Hessians_at_Trenton_December_26_1776.jpeg/220px-The_Capture_of_the_Hessians_at_Trenton_December_26_1776.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/The_Capture_of_the_Hessians_at_Trenton_December_26_1776.jpeg/330px-The_Capture_of_the_Hessians_at_Trenton_December_26_1776.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/The_Capture_of_the_Hessians_at_Trenton_December_26_1776.jpeg/440px-The_Capture_of_the_Hessians_at_Trenton_December_26_1776.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>The painting <i><a href="/wiki/The_Capture_of_the_Hessians_at_Trenton,_December_26,_1776" title="The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776">The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Trumbull" title="John Trumbull">John Trumbull</a></figcaption></figure> <p>This small but decisive battle, as with the later <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cowpens" title="Battle of Cowpens">Battle of Cowpens</a>, had an effect disproportionate to its size. The Patriot victory gave the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> new confidence, as it proved colonial forces could defeat the British in the future. It also increased re-enlistments in the Continental Army forces. By defeating a European army, the colonials reduced the fear that the Hessians had caused earlier that year after the fighting in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood_p.72_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood_p.72-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Howe was stunned that the Patriots so easily surprised and overwhelmed the Hessian garrison.<sup id="cite_ref-wood74_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood74-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colonial support for the rebellion was further buoyed significantly at this time by writings of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a> and additional successful actions by the New Jersey Militia.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two notable U.S. officers were wounded while leading the charge down King Street: <a href="/wiki/William_Washington" title="William Washington">William Washington</a>, cousin of General Washington, and Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a>, the future <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>. Monroe was carried from the field bleeding badly after he was struck in the left shoulder by a musket ball, which severed an artery. Doctor John Riker clamped the artery, preventing him from bleeding to death.<sup id="cite_ref-fish247_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fish247-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Trenton_Battle_Monument" title="Trenton Battle Monument">Trenton Battle Monument</a>, erected at "Five Points" in Trenton, stands as a tribute to this U.S. victory.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crossing of the Delaware River and battle are reenacted by local enthusiasts every year (unless the weather is too severe on the river).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eight current Army National Guard units (101st Eng Bn,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 103rd Eng Bn,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A/1-104th Cav,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 111th Inf,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 125th QM Co,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/175th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="175th Infantry Regiment (United States)">175th Inf</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 181st Inf<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 198th Sig Bn<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and one currently-active Regular Army Artillery battalion (1–5th FA)<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are derived from U.S. units that participated in the Battle of Trenton. <a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard_and_Active_Regular_Army_Units_with_Colonial_Roots" class="mw-redirect" title="Army National Guard and Active Regular Army Units with Colonial Roots">There are thirty current units of the U.S. Army with colonial roots</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painting">Painting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze,_MMA-NYC,_1851.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/220px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/330px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/440px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4313" data-file-height="2473" /></a><figcaption><i>Washington Crossing the Delaware</i> (1851), by <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1851, <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German-American</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a> painted the second of three paintings depicting <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)">Washington crossing the Delaware</a>. It is in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, and is "one of the most famous American paintings." At the time of its first exhibition it caused a sensation, in Europe and the United States. Leutze hoped it would stir revolutionary sentiments in Germany. After six months in Germany it was shipped to New York City where the <i><a href="/wiki/New-York_Mirror" title="New-York Mirror">New-York Mirror</a></i> newspaper lauded it with the words, "the grandest, most majestic, and most effective painting ever exhibited in America."<sup id="cite_ref-MountVernonOrg_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MountVernonOrg-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The painting is the center-piece of the collections in the American Wing. It is still one of the most recognizable paintings at the Metropolitan. It is central to the canon of American historical art images, its monumental popularity undimmed in the years since it was first exhibited.<sup id="cite_ref-MetRestoration_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MetRestoration-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War#British_New_York_counter-offensive" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War British New York counter-offensive</a>. The 'Battle of Trenton' placed in overall sequence and strategic context.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bennington" title="Battle of Bennington">Battle of Bennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iron_Works_Hill" title="Battle of Iron Works Hill">Battle of Iron Works Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a> – fought the day after the Battle of the Assunpink Creek</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a> – also known as the Second Battle of Trenton, fought one week later</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battles of Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown_(1781)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Yorktown (1781)">Battle of Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Vincennes" title="Siege of Fort Vincennes">Siege of Fort Vincennes</a> – the Trenton of the <a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Western theater of the American Revolutionary War">Western theater of the American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Revolutionary_War_battles" title="List of American Revolutionary War battles">List of American Revolutionary War battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" title="New Jersey in the American Revolution">New Jersey in the American Revolution</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wood_p.72-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wood_p.72_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wood_p.72_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wood_p.72_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish391-393-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fish391-393_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, pp. 391–393</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fis396-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fis396_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 396</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 406</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 254. Casualty numbers vary slightly with the Hessian forces, usually between 21–23 killed, 80–95 wounded and 890–920 captured (including the wounded), but it is generally agreed that the casualties were in this area.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-birch-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-birch_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-birch_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBlackbirchParker2002" class="citation book cs1">Blackbirch; Parker, Lewis K. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j7uAwJt12r8C&q=battle+of+Trenton+%22Christmas%22"><i>The Battle of Trenton</i></a>. Cengage Gale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56711-620-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56711-620-5"><bdi>978-1-56711-620-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Trenton&rft.pub=Cengage+Gale&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-56711-620-5&rft.au=Blackbirch&rft.au=Parker%2C+Lewis+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj7uAwJt12r8C%26q%3Dbattle%2Bof%2BTrenton%2B%2522Christmas%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bh55-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bh55_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bh55_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bh55_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#brooks1999">Brooks, 1999</a>, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Savas84-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Savas84_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Savas84_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Savas84_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Savas p. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ketch235-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ketch235_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ketch235_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ketch235_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ketchum1999">Ketchum, 1999</a>, p. 235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#stanhope1854">Stanhope, 1854</a> p. 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Dyke1873" class="citation cs2">Van Dyke, John (1873), "An Unwritten Account of a Spy of Washington", <i>Our Home</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Our+Home&rft.atitle=An+Unwritten+Account+of+a+Spy+of+Washington&rft.date=1873&rft.aulast=Van+Dyke&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#schuyler1929">Schuyler, 1929</a>, p. 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bh56-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bh56_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bh56_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#brooks1999">Brooks, 1999</a>, p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer195-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer195_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer195_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ketchum1999">Ketchum, 1999</a>, p. 242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Savas83-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Savas83_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Savas83_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#savas2006">Savas, 2006</a>, p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ketchum1999">Ketchum, 1999</a>, p. 233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#rosenfeld2007">Rosenfeld, 2007</a> p. 177</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ketchum229-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ketchum229_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ketchum229_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ketchum1999">Ketchum, 1999</a>, p. 229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lengel183-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lengel183_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#lengel2005">Lengel, 2005</a>, p. 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish189-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fish189_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish189_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish189_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish189_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ketch236-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ketch236_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ketch236_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ketchum1999">Ketchum, 1999</a>, p. 236</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood p. 65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#mcCullough2006">McCullough 2006</a>, p. 273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#mcCullough2006">McCullough 2006</a>, p. 274</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish212-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fish212_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish212_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferling_p.176-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ferling_p.176_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ferling_p.176_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ferling2007">Ferling, 2007</a>, p. 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 219</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish221-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fish221_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish221_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 222</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 223</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish26-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fish26_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish26_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish228-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fish228_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scheer p. 215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Wright" class="citation web cs1">Kevin Wright. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bergencountyhistory.org/Pages/crossingatdtrenton.html">"The Crossing And Battle At Trenton – 1776"</a>. Bergen County Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517014120/http://www.bergencountyhistory.org/Pages/crossingatdtrenton.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Crossing+And+Battle+At+Trenton+%E2%80%93+1776&rft.pub=Bergen+County+Historical+Society&rft.au=Kevin+Wright&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bergencountyhistory.org%2FPages%2Fcrossingatdtrenton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p.231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish32-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fish32_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish32_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#mcCullough2006">McCullough 2006</a>, p. 279</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#stryker1898">Stryker, 1898</a>, pp. 145–147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish235-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fish235_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish235_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish235_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish237-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fish237_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish237_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish237_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish237_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreas Wiederholdt (edited by M.D. Learned and C. Grosse): <i>Tagebuch des Capt. Wiederholdt Vom 7 Oktober bis 7 December 1780</i>; The MacMillan Co, New York, ~1862; reprinted by the University of Michigan Library, 17 August 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ketchum1999">Ketchum, 1999</a>, p. 255</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ketchum1999">Ketchum, 1999</a>, p. 256</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wood68-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wood68_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood68_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood68_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood68_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood68_50-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood68_50-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood68_50-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood68_50-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#mcCullough2006">McCullough 2006</a>, p. 280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish240-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fish240_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish240_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 240</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wood70-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wood70_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood70_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood70_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood p. 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wood71-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wood71_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood71_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish246-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fish246_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish246_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish246_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish246_56-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 246</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ketchum1999">Ketchum, 1999</a>, p. 262</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish249-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fish249_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish249_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish249_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish247-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fish247_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish247_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 247</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 248</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fish251-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fish251_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fish251_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wood74-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wood74_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood74_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 254</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer255-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer255_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer255_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 255</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 379</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#mitchell2003">Mitchell, 2003</a>, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-selftaughtgenius-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-selftaughtgenius_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooklyn_United" class="citation web cs1">Brooklyn United. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://selftaughtgenius.org/reads/johann-christian-strenge">"Johann Christian Strenge – Self-Taught Genius"</a>. <i>selftaughtgenius.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170907193049/http://selftaughtgenius.org/reads/johann-christian-strenge">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=selftaughtgenius.org&rft.atitle=Johann+Christian+Strenge+%E2%80%93+Self-Taught+Genius&rft.au=Brooklyn+United&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fselftaughtgenius.org%2Freads%2Fjohann-christian-strenge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#stryker1898">Stryker, 1898</a>, p. 361</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 426</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#lengel2005">Lengel, 2005</a>, p. 186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ferling2007">Ferling, 2007</a>, p. 178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreas Wiederholdt (edited by M.D. Learned and C. Grosse: <i>Tagebuch des Capt. Widerholdt Vom 7 Oktober bis 7 December 1780</i>; The MacMillan Co, New York, ~1862;reprinted by the University of Michigan Library, 17 August 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wood75-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wood75_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood75_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wood75_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#fischer2006">Fischer, 2006</a>, p. 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#burt2001">Burt, 2001</a>, p. 439</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoncrossingpark.org/cross-with-us/">"Cross With Us"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_Historic_Park" title="Washington Crossing Historic Park">Washington Crossing Historic Park</a>. November 11, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200303140301/https://www.washingtoncrossingpark.org/cross-with-us/">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cross+With+Us&rft.pub=Washington+Crossing+Historic+Park&rft.date=2014-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoncrossingpark.org%2Fcross-with-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 101st Engineer Battalion</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 103rd Engineer Battalion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, Troop A/1st Squadron/104th Cavalry.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 111th Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1981. pp. 217–219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 125th Quartermaster Company. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141218191827/http://states.ng.mil/sites/MA/News/Pages/125th%20Quartermaster%20Company%20honored%20for%20storied%20lineage%20and%20service%20at%20Lexington%20and%20Concord.aspx">"125th Quartermaster Company honored for storied lineage, service at Lexington and Concord"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://states.ng.mil/sites/MA/News/Pages/125th%20Quartermaster%20Company%20honored%20for%20storied%20lineage%20and%20service%20at%20Lexington%20and%20Concord.aspx">the original</a> on December 18, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=125th+Quartermaster+Company+honored+for+storied+lineage%2C+service+at+Lexington+and+Concord&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstates.ng.mil%2Fsites%2FMA%2FNews%2FPages%2F125th%2520Quartermaster%2520Company%2520honored%2520for%2520storied%2520lineage%2520and%2520service%2520at%2520Lexington%2520and%2520Concord.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 175th Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1982, pp. 343–345.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 181st Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1981, pp. 354–355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 198th Signal Battalion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 1st Battalion, 5th Field Artillery. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/fa/0005fa01bn.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120418113310/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/fa/0005fa01bn.htm">Archived</a> April 18, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MountVernonOrg-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MountVernonOrg_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-revolutionary-war/washingtons-revolutionary-war-battles/the-trenton-princeton-campaign/10-facts-about-washingtons-crossing-of-the-delaware-river/">"10 Facts about Washington's Crossing of the Delaware River"</a>. <i>George Washington's Mount Vernon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111212846/https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-revolutionary-war/washingtons-revolutionary-war-battles/the-trenton-princeton-campaign/10-facts-about-washingtons-crossing-of-the-delaware-river/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=George+Washington%27s+Mount+Vernon&rft.atitle=10+Facts+about+Washington%27s+Crossing+of+the+Delaware+River&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountvernon.org%2Fgeorge-washington%2Fthe-revolutionary-war%2Fwashingtons-revolutionary-war-battles%2Fthe-trenton-princeton-campaign%2F10-facts-about-washingtons-crossing-of-the-delaware-river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MetRestoration-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MetRestoration_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrattMayerMyersWilner2012" class="citation book cs1">Barratt, Carrie; Mayer, Lance; Myers, Guy; Wilner, Eli; Smeaton, Suzanne (2012). <i>Washington crossing the Delaware : restoring an American masterpiece</i>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58839-439-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58839-439-2"><bdi>978-1-58839-439-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washington+crossing+the+Delaware+%3A+restoring+an+American+masterpiece&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-58839-439-2&rft.aulast=Barratt&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.au=Mayer%2C+Lance&rft.au=Myers%2C+Guy&rft.au=Wilner%2C+Eli&rft.au=Smeaton%2C+Suzanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="brooks1999" class="citation book cs1">Brooks, Victor (1999). <i>How America Fought Its Wars</i>. New York: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58097-002-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-58097-002-8"><bdi>1-58097-002-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+America+Fought+Its+Wars&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-58097-002-8&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="burt2001" class="citation book cs1">Burt, Daniel S. (2001). <i>The Biography Book</i>. New York: Oryx Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57356-256-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-57356-256-4"><bdi>1-57356-256-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biography+Book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oryx+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-57356-256-4&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=Daniel+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ferling2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Ferling" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ferling">Ferling, John</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/almostmiracleam00ferl"><i>Almost a Miracle</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518121-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518121-0"><bdi>978-0-19-518121-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Almost+a+Miracle&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518121-0&rft.aulast=Ferling&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falmostmiracleam00ferl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="fischer2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hackett_Fischer" title="David Hackett Fischer">Fischer, David Hackett</a> (2006). <i><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing_(book)" title="Washington's Crossing (book)">Washington's Crossing</a></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-517034-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-517034-2"><bdi>0-19-517034-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washington%27s+Crossing&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-19-517034-2&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=David+Hackett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ketchum1999" class="citation book cs1">Ketchum, Richard (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wintersoldiersba0000ketc_q0o5"><i>The Winter Soldiers: The Battles for Trenton and Princeton</i></a> (1st Owl books ed.). Holt Paperbacks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-6098-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-6098-7"><bdi>0-8050-6098-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Winter+Soldiers%3A+The+Battles+for+Trenton+and+Princeton&rft.edition=1st+Owl+books&rft.pub=Holt+Paperbacks&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8050-6098-7&rft.aulast=Ketchum&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwintersoldiersba0000ketc_q0o5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="lengel2005" class="citation book cs1">Lengel, Edward (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/generalgeorgewas00leng"><i>General George Washington, a Military Life</i></a></span>. New York: Random House Paperbacks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8129-6950-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8129-6950-2"><bdi>0-8129-6950-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+George+Washington%2C+a+Military+Life&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House+Paperbacks&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8129-6950-2&rft.aulast=Lengel&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeneralgeorgewas00leng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="mcCullough2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_McCullough" title="David McCullough">McCullough, David</a> (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780743226721"><i>1776</i></a></span>. New York: Simon and Schuster Paperback. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-2672-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-2672-0"><bdi>0-7432-2672-0</bdi></a>. <q>1776 David.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1776&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster+Paperback&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7432-2672-0&rft.aulast=McCullough&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780743226721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="mitchell2003" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Craig (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7VgXM1w0e80C&q=George+Washington%27s+New+Jersey"><i>George Washington's New Jersey</i></a>. Middle Atlantic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9705804-1-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9705804-1-X"><bdi>0-9705804-1-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Washington%27s+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Middle+Atlantic+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-9705804-1-X&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7VgXM1w0e80C%26q%3DGeorge%2BWashington%2527s%2BNew%2BJersey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="rosenfeld2007" class="citation book cs1">Rosenfeld, Lucy (2007). <i>History Walks in New Jersey</i>. Rutgers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3969-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3969-0"><bdi>978-0-8135-3969-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+Walks+in+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Rutgers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-3969-0&rft.aulast=Rosenfeld&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="savas2006" class="citation book cs1">Savas, Theodore (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bv1YAAAACAAJ&q=Guide+to+the+Battles+of+the+American+Revolution"><i>Guide to the Battles of the American Revolution</i></a>. Savas Beatie. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-932714-12-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-932714-12-X"><bdi>1-932714-12-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Battles+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.pub=Savas+Beatie&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-932714-12-X&rft.aulast=Savas&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbv1YAAAACAAJ%26q%3DGuide%2Bto%2Bthe%2BBattles%2Bof%2Bthe%2BAmerican%2BRevolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Sawicki" class="citation book cs1">Sawicki, James A. (1981). <i>Infantry Regiments of the US Army</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dumfries,_VA" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumfries, VA">Dumfries, VA</a>: Wyvern Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9602404-3-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9602404-3-2"><bdi>978-0-9602404-3-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Infantry+Regiments+of+the+US+Army&rft.place=Dumfries%2C+VA&rft.pub=Wyvern+Publications&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-9602404-3-2&rft.aulast=Sawicki&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheer1987" class="citation book cs1">Scheer, George (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ROz4g9_bspAC&q=Rebels+and+Redcoats"><i>Rebels and Redcoats</i></a>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80307-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80307-0"><bdi>0-306-80307-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebels+and+Redcoats&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-306-80307-0&rft.aulast=Scheer&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DROz4g9_bspAC%26q%3DRebels%2Band%2BRedcoats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="schuyler1929" class="citation book cs1">Schuyler, Hamilton (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoftrenton00unse/page/n9/mode/2up"><i>A history of Trenton, 1679-1929</i></a>. Princeton : Princeton University Press: The Trenton Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Trenton%2C+1679-1929&rft.pub=Princeton+%3A+Princeton+University+Press%3A+The+Trenton+Historical+Society&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Schuyler&rft.aufirst=Hamilton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryoftrenton00unse%2Fpage%2Fn9%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="stanhope1854" class="citation book cs1">Stanhope, Phillip Henry (1854). <i>History of England: From the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles</i>. GB, Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+England%3A+From+the+Peace+of+Utrecht+to+the+Peace+of+Versailles&rft.pub=GB%2C+Murray&rft.date=1854&rft.aulast=Stanhope&rft.aufirst=Phillip+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="stryker1898" class="citation book cs1">Stryker, William S. (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battlesoftrenton00stry"><i>The Battles of Trenton and Princeton</i></a>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton,_Mifflin_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton, Mifflin and Company">Houghton, Mifflin and Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49835662">49835662</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battles+of+Trenton+and+Princeton&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton%2C+Mifflin+and+Company&rft.date=1898&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49835662&rft.aulast=Stryker&rft.aufirst=William+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattlesoftrenton00stry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Tucker, Philip Thomas (2014), <i>George Washington's Surprise Attack: A New Look at the Battle That Decided the Fate of America</i>, <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse_Publishing" title="Skyhorse Publishing">Skyhorse Publishing</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1628736526" title="Special:BookSources/978-1628736526">978-1628736526</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiederholdt2015" class="citation book cs1">Wiederholdt, Andreas (2015) [1862]. M.D. Learned; C. Grosse (eds.). <i>Tagebuch des Capt. Wiederholdt vom 7 Oktober bis 7 December 1780</i>. The University of Michigan Library: The MacMillan Co, New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tagebuch+des+Capt.+Wiederholdt+vom+7+Oktober+bis+7+December+1780&rft.place=The+University+of+Michigan+Library&rft.pub=The+MacMillan+Co%2C+New+York&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Wiederholdt&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2003" class="citation book cs1">Wood, W.J. Henry (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WnJr_IpqunoC&q=Battles+Of+The+Revolutionary+War+henry+wood"><i>Battles of the Revolutionary War</i></a>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-81329-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-81329-7"><bdi>0-306-81329-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battles+of+the+Revolutionary+War&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-306-81329-7&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=W.J.+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWnJr_IpqunoC%26q%3DBattles%2BOf%2BThe%2BRevolutionary%2BWar%2Bhenry%2Bwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Maloy, Mark. <i>Victory or Death: The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, December 25, 1776 – January 3, 1777</i>. Emerging Revolutionary War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61121-381-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61121-381-2">978-1-61121-381-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Trenton&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Trenton" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of a <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article about <span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Trenton_and_Princeton,_Battles_of" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Trenton and Princeton, Battles of">Battles of Trenton and Princeton</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trentonhistory.org/His/battles.html">"The Two Battles of Trenton"</a>. The Trenton Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Two+Battles+of+Trenton&rft.pub=The+Trenton+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trentonhistory.org%2FHis%2Fbattles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountvernon.org/winterpatriots">"The Winter Patriots: The Trenton-Princeton Campaign of 1776–1777"</a>. George Washington's Mount Vernon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Winter+Patriots%3A+The+Trenton-Princeton+Campaign+of+1776%E2%80%931777&rft.pub=George+Washington%27s+Mount+Vernon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountvernon.org%2Fwinterpatriots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Trenton" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Trenton" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Template:Trenton, New Jersey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Trenton,_New_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Trenton, New Jersey (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trenton, New Jersey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Trenton" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">City of Trenton</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Neighborhoods_in_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Category:Neighborhoods in Trenton, New Jersey">Neighborhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="North Trenton, New Jersey">North Ward</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Battle Monument (Five Points)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Road,_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Top Road, Trenton, New Jersey">Top Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="South Trenton, New Jersey">South Ward</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chambersburg,_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Chambersburg, Trenton, New Jersey">Chambersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_Island,_New_Jersey" title="Duck Island, New Jersey">Duck Island</a> (parts in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Township,_Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey">Hamilton</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamberton,_New_Jersey" title="Lamberton, New Jersey">Lamberton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="East Trenton, New Jersey">East Ward</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalport/North_Clinton,_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Coalport/North Clinton, Trenton, New Jersey">Coalport/North Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewing/Carroll,_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Ewing/Carroll, Trenton, New Jersey">Ewing/Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Corners_(Newark)" title="Four Corners (Newark)">Four Corners</a></li> <li>Greenwood/Hamilton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbur,_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Wilbur, Trenton, New Jersey">Wilbur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Ward</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Square,_Trenton" title="Berkeley Square, Trenton">Berkeley Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwalader_Heights,_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Cadwalader Heights, Trenton, New Jersey">Cadwalader Heights</a></li> <li>Fisher/Richey/Perdicaris</li> <li>Hillcrest</li> <li>Hiltonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Island,_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="The Island, Trenton, New Jersey">The Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Downtown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hanover/Academy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Hill,_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Mill Hill, Trenton, New Jersey">Mill Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Transit_Center" title="Trenton Transit Center">Trenton Transit Center</a> (<a href="/wiki/NJ_Transit" title="NJ Transit">NJ Transit</a>/<a href="/wiki/SEPTA" title="SEPTA">SEPTA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> service)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton-Mercer_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Trenton-Mercer Airport">Trenton-Mercer Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ewing_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Ewing Township, New Jersey">Ewing</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gotrenton.org/">GO Trenton!</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isles,_Inc." title="Isles, Inc.">Isles, Inc.</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NJ_Transit_bus_routes_(600%E2%80%93699)" title="List of NJ Transit bus routes (600–699)">NJ Transit 600-series buses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> Crossings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morrisville%E2%80%93Trenton_Railroad_Bridge" title="Morrisville–Trenton Railroad Bridge">Morrisville–Trenton Railroad Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton%E2%80%93Morrisville_Toll_Bridge" title="Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge">Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1" title="U.S. Route 1">US 1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Trenton_Bridge" title="Lower Trenton Bridge">Lower Trenton Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1_Business_(Trenton,_New_Jersey)" title="U.S. Route 1 Business (Trenton, New Jersey)">US 1 BUS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_Street_Bridge" title="Calhoun Street Bridge">Calhoun Street Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calhoun_Street_Extension" title="Calhoun Street Extension">Calhoun Street</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Highway" title="Lincoln Highway">Lincoln Highway</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Public_Schools" title="Trenton Public Schools">Trenton Public Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Catholic_Academy" title="Trenton Catholic Academy">Trenton Catholic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_School_of_Trenton" title="Islamic School of Trenton">Islamic School of Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison_State_University" title="Thomas Edison State University">Thomas Edison State University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Trent" title="William Trent">William Trent</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Trent_House" title="William Trent House">William Trent House</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Barracks_Museum" title="Old Barracks Museum">Old Barracks Museum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Arms_Tavern" title="French Arms Tavern">French Arms Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_reception_at_Trenton" title="George Washington's reception at Trenton">George Washington's reception at Trenton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reception_to_Washington_on_April_21,_1789,_at_Trenton_on_his_way_to_New_York_to_Assume_the_Duties_of_the_Presidency_of_the_United_States" title="Reception to Washington on April 21, 1789, at Trenton on his way to New York to Assume the Duties of the Presidency of the United States">painting</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relocation_of_the_United_States_Government_to_Trenton" title="Relocation of the United States Government to Trenton">Relocation of the United States Government to Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cooper" title="Peter Cooper">Peter Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Roebling%27s_Sons_Company,_Trenton_N.J.,_Block_3" title="John A. Roebling's Sons Company, Trenton N.J., Block 3">John A. Roebling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Six" title="Trenton Six">Trenton Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_All_Night_shooting" title="Art All Night shooting">Art All Night shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_House_Historic_District" title="State House Historic District">State House Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Ferry_Historic_District" title="Trenton Ferry Historic District">Trenton Ferry Historic District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> state capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_House" title="New Jersey State House">New Jersey State House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Library" title="New Jersey State Library">New Jersey State Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Museum" title="New Jersey State Museum">New Jersey State Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Hughes_Justice_Complex" title="Richard J. Hughes Justice Complex">Richard J. Hughes Justice Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Division_of_Motor_Vehicles_Building" title="New Jersey Division of Motor Vehicles Building">New Jersey Division of Motor Vehicles Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Prison" title="New Jersey State Prison">New Jersey State Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_War_Memorial" title="Trenton War Memorial">Trenton War Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County_Courthouse_(New_Jersey)" title="Mercer County Courthouse (New Jersey)">Mercer County Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarkson_S._Fisher_Federal_Building_and_United_States_Courthouse" title="Clarkson S. Fisher Federal Building and United States Courthouse">Clarkson S. Fisher Federal Building and United States Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_City_Hall" title="Trenton City Hall">Trenton City Hall</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="List of mayors of Trenton, New Jersey">list of mayors</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CURE_Insurance_Arena" title="CURE Insurance Arena">CURE Insurance Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Thunder_Ballpark" title="Trenton Thunder Ballpark">Trenton Thunder Ballpark</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trenton_Thunder" title="Trenton Thunder">Trenton Thunder</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Battle_Monument" title="Trenton Battle Monument">Trenton Battle Monument</a></li> <li>Historic Trenton Masonic Temple (<a href="/wiki/Old_Masonic_Temple_(Trenton,_New_Jersey)" title="Old Masonic Temple (Trenton, New Jersey)">Old Masonic Temple</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_City_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Trenton City Museum">Trenton City Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Category:National Register of Historic Places in Trenton, New Jersey">National Register of Historic Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_(Trenton)" title="The Times (Trenton)">The Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trentonian" title="The Trentonian">The Trentonian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKXW" title="WKXW">New Jersey 101.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPST" title="WPST">94.5 PST</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_tomato_pie" title="Trenton tomato pie">Trenton tomato pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Provisions" title="Taylor Provisions">Taylor ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peoples_Bakery" title="Italian Peoples Bakery">Italian Peoples Bakery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="List of people from Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Trenton" title="USS Trenton">USS <i>Trenton</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Trenton" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Trenton">Roman Catholic Diocese of Trenton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Mary_of_the_Assumption_(Trenton,_New_Jersey)" title="Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption (Trenton, New Jersey)">St. Mary’s Cathedral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_New_Jersey" title="Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey">Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trinity_Episcopal_Cathedral_(Trenton,_New_Jersey)" title="Trinity Episcopal Cathedral (Trenton, New Jersey)">Trinity Episcopal Cathedral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trentoniana" title="Trentoniana">Trentoniana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Plum" title="Stephanie Plum">Stephanie Plum</a> book series</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template:New Jersey in the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template talk:New Jersey in the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Jersey in the American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" title="New Jersey in the American Revolution">New Jersey in the American Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1776</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turtle_Gut_Inlet" title="Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet">Turtle Gut Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_Historic_Park" title="Fort Lee Historic Park">Fort Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Geary" title="Ambush of Geary">Geary ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iron_Works_Hill" title="Battle of Iron Works Hill">Iron Works Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Delaware River crossing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Trenton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1777</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Assunpink Creek (Second Trenton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Millstone" title="Battle of Millstone">Millstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage_War" title="Forage War">Forage War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bound_Brook" title="Battle of Bound Brook">Bound Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlebrook_encampment" title="Middlebrook encampment">First Middlebrook encampment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Short_Hills" title="Battle of Short Hills">Short Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Red_Bank" title="Battle of Red Bank">Red Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gloucester_(1777)" title="Battle of Gloucester (1777)">Gloucester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1778</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quinton%27s_Bridge" title="Battle of Quinton's Bridge">Quinton's Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baylor_Massacre" title="Baylor Massacre">Baylor Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affair_at_Little_Egg_Harbor" title="Affair at Little Egg Harbor">Affair at Little Egg Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chestnut_Neck" title="Battle of Chestnut Neck">Chestnut Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlebrook_encampment" title="Middlebrook encampment">Second Middlebrook encampment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1779</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paulus_Hook" title="Battle of Paulus Hook">Paulus Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jockey_Hollow" title="Jockey Hollow">Jockey Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Brigade_Encampment_Site" title="New Jersey Brigade Encampment Site">New Jersey Brigade encampment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1780</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Connecticut_Farms" title="Battle of Connecticut Farms">Connecticut Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Springfield" title="Battle of Springfield">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bull%27s_Ferry" title="Battle of Bull's Ferry">Bull's Ferry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1781</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny" title="Pennsylvania Line Mutiny">Pennsylvania Line Mutiny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1783</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Hall" title="Nassau Hall">U.S. Capital at Princeton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Billingsport" title="Fort Billingsport">Fort Billingsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mercer" title="Fort Mercer">Fort Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hays_(American_Revolutionary_War)" title="Mary Hays (American Revolutionary War)">Mary Hays ("Molly Pitcher")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bridge_Landing" title="New Bridge Landing">New Bridge Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluckemin_Continental_Artillery_Cantonment_Site" title="Pluckemin Continental Artillery Cantonment Site">Pluckemin Cantonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_Wick" title="Temperance Wick">Temperance Wick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Crossroads_of_the_American_Revolution_National_Heritage_Area" title="Crossroads of the American Revolution National Heritage Area">Crossroads of the American Revolution National Heritage Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morristown_National_Historical_Park" title="Morristown National Historical Park">Morristown National Historical Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_State_Park" title="Washington Crossing State Park">Washington Crossing State Park</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Washington" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Washington" title="Template:George Washington"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Washington" title="Template talk:George Washington"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Washington" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Washington"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Washington" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">1st</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1789–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Senior Officer of the Army</a> (1798–1799)</li> <li>Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> (1775–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> (1774)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Revolutionary War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_French_and_Indian_War" title="George Washington in the French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jumonville_Glen" title="Battle of Jumonville Glen">Jumonville Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Necessity" title="Battle of Fort Necessity">Battle of Fort Necessity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Monongahela" title="Battle of the Monongahela">Battle of the Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Expedition" title="Forbes Expedition">Forbes Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_American_Revolution" title="George Washington in the American Revolution">Washington in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Commander-in-chief, Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_aides-de-camp" title="Washington's aides-de-camp">Aides-de-camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington%27s_Headquarters_during_the_Revolutionary_War" title="List of Washington's Headquarters during the Revolutionary War">Washington's headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_tent" title="George Washington's tent">office and sleeping tent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Siege of Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Delaware River crossing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battles of Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culper_Ring" title="Culper Ring">Culper Spy Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_letter" title="Newburgh letter">Newburgh letter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgill_Affair" title="Asgill Affair">Asgill Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_resignation_as_commander-in-chief" title="George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief">Resignation as commander-in-chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_Military_Merit" title="Badge of Military Merit">Badge of Military Merit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Before_Boston_Medal" title="Washington Before Boston Medal">Washington Before Boston Medal</a></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(horse)" title="Nelson (horse)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueskin_(horse)" title="Blueskin (horse)">Blueskin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Other U.S.<br />founding events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Resolves" title="Fairfax Resolves">Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_in_Cases_of_Capture" title="Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture">Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Conference" title="Mount Vernon Conference">1785 Mount Vernon Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_political_evolution" title="George Washington's political evolution">George Washington's political evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency" title="Timeline of the George Washington presidency">timeline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788–89 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="First inauguration of George Washington">First inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Inaugural_Bible" title="George Washington Inaugural Bible">inaugural bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="Second inauguration of George Washington">Second inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_reception_at_Trenton" title="George Washington's reception at Trenton">Reception at Trenton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. President (title)">Title of "Mr. President"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789" title="Judiciary Act of 1789">Judiciary Act of 1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_act_to_regulate_the_time_and_manner_of_administering_certain_oaths" title="An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths">Oath Administration Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonintercourse_Act" title="Nonintercourse Act">Nonintercourse Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Acts_of_1792" title="Militia Acts of 1792">Militia Acts of 1792</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">United States Capitol cornerstone laying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Neutrality" title="Proclamation of Neutrality">Proclamation of Neutrality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Act_of_1794" title="Neutrality Act of 1794">Neutrality Act of 1794</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinckney%27s_Treaty" title="Pinckney's Treaty">Pinckney's Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_of_1794" title="Slave Trade Act of 1794">Slave Trade Act of 1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Proclamation" title="National Thanksgiving Proclamation">Thanksgiving Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Farewell_Address" title="George Washington's Farewell Address">Farewell Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1790_State_of_the_Union_Address" class="mw-redirect" title="1790 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1791_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1791 State of the Union Address">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1792 State of the Union Address">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1793_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1793 State of the Union Address">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1796 State of the Union Address">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington#Administration,_Cabinet_and_Supreme_Court_appointments" title="Presidency of George Washington">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_Washington" title="List of federal judges appointed by George Washington">Federal judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge_Supreme_Court_nominations" title="John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations">John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Views and<br />public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_W._Smith_National_Library_for_the_Study_of_George_Washington" title="Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Papers" title="The Washington Papers">The Washington Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_George_Washington" title="Religious views of George Washington">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_slavery" title="George Washington and slavery">Washington and slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Destroyer" title="Town Destroyer">Town Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_George_Washington" title="Legacy of George Washington">Legacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington#Early_life_(1732–1753)" title="George Washington">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Birthplace_National_Monument" title="George Washington Birthplace National Monument">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_Farm" title="Ferry Farm">Ferry Farm boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Fishery" title="George Washington's Fishery">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Gristmill" title="George Washington's Gristmill">Gristmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Rye_Whiskey" title="George Washington's Rye Whiskey">Whiskey distillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Woodlawn (Alexandria, Virginia)">Woodlawn Plantation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfellow_House%E2%80%93Washington%27s_Headquarters_National_Historic_Site" title="Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site">Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mansion" title="Ford Mansion">Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Headquarters_State_Historic_Site" title="Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site">Hasbrouck House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">First Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Second Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">President's House, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Parke_Custis#Estate" title="Daniel Parke Custis">Custis estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_relations_with_the_Iroquois_Confederacy" title="George Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy">Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Company" title="Potomac Company">Potomac Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal" title="James River and Kanawha Canal">James River and Kanawha Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Road_Lottery" title="Mountain Road Lottery">Mountain Road Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanks_of_Congress" title="Thanks of Congress">Thanks of Congress</a></li> <li>President General of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_College" title="Washington College">Washington College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_Washington" title="Electoral history of George Washington">Electoral history of George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Post-presidency of George Washington">Post-presidency of George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_George_Washington" title="List of memorials to George Washington">Memorials</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_State_Park" title="Washington Monument State Park">Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)" title="Washington Monument (Baltimore)">Washington Monument (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)"><i>George Washington</i> (Houdon)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(copy_of_bust_by_Houdon)" title="George Washington (copy of bust by Houdon)">plaster copy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Ceracchi)" title="George Washington (Ceracchi)"><i>George Washington</i> (Ceracchi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Canova)" title="George Washington (Canova)"><i>George Washington</i> (Canova)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Greenough)" title="George Washington (Greenough)"><i>George Washington</i> (Greenough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Trumbull)" title="George Washington (Trumbull)"><i>George Washington</i> (Trumbull)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_paintings)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passage_of_the_Delaware" title="The Passage of the Delaware">The Passage of the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_at_Trenton" title="General George Washington at Trenton">General George Washington at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Verplanck%27s_Point" title="Washington at Verplanck's Point">Washington at Verplanck's Point</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_Resigning_His_Commission" title="General George Washington Resigning His Commission">General George Washington Resigning His Commission</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Portrait" title="Athenaeum Portrait">Unfinished portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_portrait" title="Lansdowne portrait">Lansdowne portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Family" title="The Washington Family">The Washington Family portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton"><i>Washington at Princeton</i> paintings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_George_Washington_Taking_the_Salute_at_Trenton" title="Portrait of George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton">George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_to_Washington_on_April_21,_1789,_at_Trenton_on_his_way_to_New_York_to_Assume_the_Duties_of_the_Presidency_of_the_United_States" title="Reception to Washington on April 21, 1789, at Trenton on his way to New York to Assume the Duties of the Presidency of the United States">Reception at Trenton painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_George_Washington" title="List of statues of George Washington">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Battle_Monument" title="Trenton Battle Monument">Trenton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Battle_Monument" title="Princeton Battle Monument">Princeton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_View_(West)" title="Point of View (West)"><i>Point of View</i> sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_on_Horseback" title="George Washington on Horseback">George Washington on Horseback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of George Washington (Austin, Texas)">Austin statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bartholomew)" title="George Washington (Bartholomew)">Baltimore statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Boston)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Mexico_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of George Washington (Mexico City)">Mexico City statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Morristown,_New_Jersey)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Morristown, New Jersey)">Morristown statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Newark)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Newark)">Newark statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (New York City)">New York City statue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Wall_Street)" title="Statue of George Washington (Wall Street)">Wall Street statue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Paris)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Paris)">Paris statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Perth_Amboy,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of George Washington (Perth Amboy, New Jersey)">Perth Amboy statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bailly)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington (Bailly)">Philadelphia statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Portland, Oregon)">Portland statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Washington_Circle)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Washington Circle)">Washington, D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Washington Monument (West Point)">West Point monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial" title="George Washington Masonic National Memorial">Washington Masonic National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway" title="George Washington Memorial Parkway">George Washington Memorial Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forests" title="George Washington and Jefferson National Forests">Washington and Jefferson National Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Arch" title="Washington Square Arch">Arch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Franklin_Issues" title="Washington–Franklin Issues">Washington–Franklin Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bicentennial_stamps_of_1932" title="Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932">1932 bicentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_on_currency#George_Washington" title="List of presidents of the United States on currency">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_State_Quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="50 State Quarters">50 State Quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">D.C. and territories quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">America the Beautiful quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">American Women quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Instructing_Youth" title="History Instructing Youth">History Instructing Youth dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">Washington dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_dollar" title="Lafayette dollar">Lafayette dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">Silver bullion coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_half_eagle" title="George Washington half eagle">Washington half eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_250th_Anniversary_half_dollar" title="George Washington 250th Anniversary half dollar">250th Anniversary half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington" title="Mount Washington">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">Cultural depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(miniseries)" title="George Washington (miniseries)"><i>George Washington</i> (1984 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_II:_The_Forging_of_a_Nation" title="George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation">1986 sequel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)"><i>A More Perfect Union</i> (1989 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crossing_(2000_film)" title="The Crossing (2000 film)"><i>The Crossing</i> (2000 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Fight_to_Be_Free" title="We Fight to Be Free"><i>We Fight to Be Free</i> (2006 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn:_Washington%27s_Spies" title="Turn: Washington's Spies"><i>Turn: Washington's Spies</i> (2014–2017 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_that_Made_America" title="The War that Made America"><i>The War that Made America</i> (2006 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(miniseries)" title="Washington (miniseries)"><i>Washington</i> (2020 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)"><i>Hamilton</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(2020_film)" title="Hamilton (2020 film)">film</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_Washington" title="Bibliography of George Washington">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Washington_articles" title="List of George Washington articles">List of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_dynasty" title="Virginia dynasty">Virginia dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Washington_family" title="Coat of arms of the Washington family">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Locke_Weems#The_cherry-tree_anecdote" title="Mason Locke Weems">Cherry-tree anecdote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Farm#Washington_at_River_Farm" title="River Farm">River Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing" title="Washington's Crossing">Washington's Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_House_(Barbados)" title="George Washington House (Barbados)">1751 Barbados trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Armies" title="General of the Armies">General of the Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Foxhound" title="American Foxhound">American Foxhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_flag" title="Betsy Ross flag">Betsy Ross flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Ladies%27_Association" title="Mount Vernon Ladies' Association">Mount Vernon Ladies' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Mansion_replicas" title="Mount Vernon Mansion replicas">Mount Vernon replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Building" title="George Washington Memorial Building">George Washington Memorial Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_theft_of_George_Washington%27s_skull" title="Attempted theft of George Washington's skull">Attempted theft of Washington's skull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_family" title="Washington family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parke_Custis" title="John Parke Custis">John Parke Custis</a> (stepson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Parke_Custis" title="George Washington Parke Custis">George Washington Parke Custis</a> (step-grandson, adopted son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Parke_Custis_Lewis" title="Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis">Eleanor Parke Custis</a> (step-granddaughter, adopted daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington" title="Augustine Washington">Augustine Washington</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ball_Washington" title="Mary Ball Washington">Mary Ball Washington</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1718%E2%80%931752)" title="Lawrence Washington (1718–1752)">Lawrence Washington</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington_Jr." title="Augustine Washington Jr.">Augustine Washington Jr.</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Washington_Lewis" title="Elizabeth Washington Lewis">Elizabeth Washington Lewis</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Washington" title="Samuel Washington">Samuel Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Washington" title="John Augustine Washington">John A. Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Washington" title="Charles Washington">Charles Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1659%E2%80%931698)" title="Lawrence Washington (1659–1698)">Lawrence Washington</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Gale" title="Mildred Gale">Mildred Gale</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Washington" title="John Washington">John Washington</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reade_(colonial_governor)" title="George Reade (colonial governor)">George Reade</a> (2nd great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushrod_Washington" title="Bushrod Washington">Bushrod Washington</a> (nephew)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enslaved_people_of_Mount_Vernon" title="List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_(slave)" title="Betty (slave)">Betty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Branham" title="Caroline Branham">Caroline Branham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Costin" title="William Costin">William Costin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Johnson_(Mount_Vernon)" title="Sarah Johnson (Mount Vernon)">Sarah Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oney_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oney Judge">Oney Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(valet)" title="William Lee (valet)">William Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Posey" title="Hercules Posey">Hercules Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sheels" title="Christopher Sheels">Christopher Sheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Squash" title="Deborah Squash">Deborah Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Washington" title="Harry Washington">Harry Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="James_Monroe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:James_Monroe" title="Template:James Monroe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:James_Monroe" title="Template talk:James Monroe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:James_Monroe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:James Monroe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="James_Monroe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">5th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1817–1825)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">5th</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> (1811–1817)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">United States Secretary of War</a> (1814–1815)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Virginia" title="List of governors of Virginia">12th and 16th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">Governor of Virginia</a> (1799–1802, 1811)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom">U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom</a> (1803–1808)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_France" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to France">U.S. Minister to France</a> (1794–1796)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Virginia" title="List of United States senators from Virginia">U.S. Senator from Virginia</a> (1790–1794)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a> (1783–1786)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Ratifying_Convention" title="Virginia Ratifying Convention">Virginia Ratifying Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Monroe" title="Presidency of James Monroe">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_James_Monroe" title="First inauguration of James Monroe">First inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_James_Monroe" title="Second inauguration of James Monroe">Second inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Florida Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_1818" title="Treaty of 1818">Treaty of 1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1819" title="Panic of 1819">Panic of 1819</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Good_Feelings" title="Era of Good Feelings">Era of Good Feelings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Wars" title="Seminole Wars">Seminole Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_1824" title="Tariff of 1824">Tariff of 1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1824 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address, 1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe#Administration_and_cabinet" title="James Monroe">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_James_Monroe" title="List of federal judges appointed by James Monroe">Federal judiciary appointments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other noted<br />accomplisments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Negotiated the Louisiana Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe%E2%80%93Pinkney_Treaty" title="Monroe–Pinkney Treaty">Monroe–Pinkney Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe#Early_life" title="James Monroe">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe_Family_Home_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="James Monroe Family Home Site">Birthplace and boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe#Military_service_in_the_Revolutionary_War_and_serious_wounding" title="James Monroe">Revolutionary War service</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Trenton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_College_at_Monroe_Hill#Activities_and_history" title="Brown College at Monroe Hill">Monroe Hill home and office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe_Law_Office" title="James Monroe Law Office">James Monroe Law Office, Museum, and Memorial Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_(James_Monroe_house)" title="Highland (James Monroe house)">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Hill_(James_Monroe_house)" title="Oak Hill (James Monroe house)">Oak Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe_Tomb" title="James Monroe Tomb">James Monroe Tomb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1789_Virginia%27s_5th_congressional_district_election" title="1789 Virginia's 5th congressional district election">1789 Virginia's 5th congressional district election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1790_and_1791_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1790 and 1791 United States Senate elections">1790 and 1791 U.S. Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_and_1793_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1792 and 1793 United States Senate elections">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">Governor of Virginia election, 1799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">U.S. presidential election, 1808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election" title="1820 United States presidential election">1820</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br />popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_James_Monroe" title="Bibliography of James Monroe">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_James_Monroe" title="List of memorials to James Monroe">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia, capital of Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_New_York" title="Monroe, New York">Monroe, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Georgia" title="Monroe, Georgia">Monroe, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Kentucky" title="Monroe County, Kentucky">Monroe County, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe County, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey">Monroe Township, (Northern) New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Gloucester_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey">Monroe Township, (Southern) New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Monroe" title="Mount Monroe">Mount Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Park" title="Monroe Park">Monroe Park</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Capture_of_the_Hessians_at_Trenton,_December_26,_1776" title="The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776">The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776</a></i> (painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_paintings)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i> (1851 paintings)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Hill" title="Monroe Hill"><i>Monroe Hill</i></a> (2015 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#James_Monroe" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine_Centennial_half_dollar" title="Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar">Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_President_Monroe_(AP-104)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS President Monroe (AP-104)">USS <i>President Monroe</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_James_Monroe_(SSBN-622)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS James Monroe (SSBN-622)">USS <i>James Monroe</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe#Slavery" title="James Monroe">Monroe on slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Colonization_Society" title="American Colonization Society">American Colonization Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_dynasty" title="Virginia dynasty">Virginia dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone_(Keswick,_Virginia)" title="Limestone (Keswick, Virginia)">Limestone plantation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Monroe" title="Elizabeth Monroe">Elizabeth Kortright</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hay_(Virginia_judge)" title="George Hay (Virginia judge)">George Hay</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Gouverneur" title="Samuel L. Gouverneur">Samuel L. Gouverneur</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">← James Madison</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:James_Monroe" title="Category:James Monroe">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Revolutionary_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Template talk:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Revolutionary_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Revolutionary War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Revolutionary_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Origins_of_the_American_Revolution" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Origins of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">American Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of religion in the United States">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Englishmen" title="Rights of Englishmen">Rights of Englishmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">No taxation without representation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_Sense" title="Common Sense">Common Sense</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_%2776_(sentiment)" title="Spirit of '76 (sentiment)">Spirit of '76</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">All men are created equal</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Life,_Liberty_and_the_pursuit_of_Happiness" title="Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness">Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">Expansionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">Settler colonialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Royalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitt%E2%80%93Newcastle_ministry" title="Pitt–Newcastle ministry">Pitt–Newcastle ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bute_ministry" title="Bute ministry">Bute ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenville_ministry" title="Grenville ministry">Grenville ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Rockingham_ministry" title="First Rockingham ministry">First Rockingham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_ministry" title="Chatham ministry">Chatham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton_ministry" title="Grafton ministry">Grafton ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_ministry" title="North ministry">North ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Rockingham_ministry" title="Second Rockingham ministry">Second Rockingham ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelburne_ministry" title="Shelburne ministry">Shelburne ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox%E2%80%93North_coalition" title="Fox–North coalition">Fox–North coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Loyalist" title="Black Loyalist">Black Loyalist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related British<br />Acts of Parliament</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navigation_Acts" title="Navigation Acts">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Act" title="Iron Act">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses_Act" title="Molasses Act">Molasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">Royal Proclamation of 1763</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Act" title="Sugar Act">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Act" title="Currency Act">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartering_Acts" title="Quartering Acts">Quartering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765" title="Stamp Act 1765">Stamp</a> up i.p.o</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaratory_Act" title="Declaratory Act">Declaratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townshend_Acts" title="Townshend Acts">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Act" title="Tea Act">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Act" title="Quebec Act">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intolerable_Acts" title="Intolerable Acts">Intolerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciliatory_Resolution" title="Conciliatory Resolution">Conciliatory Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restraining_Acts_1775" title="Restraining Acts 1775">Restraining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Rebellion" title="Proclamation of Rebellion">Proclamation of Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitory_Act" title="Prohibitory Act">Prohibitory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_Nine" title="Loyal Nine">Loyal Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Rights_and_Grievances" title="Declaration of Rights and Grievances">Declaration of Rights and Grievances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Liberty" title="Daughters of Liberty">Daughters of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty" title="Sons of Liberty">Sons of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Patriot" title="Black Patriot">Black Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committees_of_correspondence" title="Committees of correspondence">Committees of correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_safety_(American_Revolution)" title="Committee of safety (American Revolution)">Committees of safety</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_a_Farmer_in_Pennsylvania" title="Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania">Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Circular_Letter" title="Massachusetts Circular Letter">Massachusetts Circular Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Resolves" title="Suffolk Resolves">Suffolk Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minutemen" title="Minutemen">Minutemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Congress" title="Provincial Congress">Provincial Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_Branch_Petition" title="Olive Branch Petition">Olive Branch Petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Causes_and_Necessity_of_Taking_Up_Arms" title="Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms">Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Secret_Correspondence" title="Committee of Secret Correspondence">Committee of Secret Correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Treaty" title="Model Treaty">Model Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Confederation Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre" title="Boston Massacre">Boston Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_credit_crisis_of_1772%E2%80%931773" title="British credit crisis of 1772–1773">British credit crisis of 1772–1773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspee_affair" title="Gaspee affair">Gaspee affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_letters_affair" title="Hutchinson letters affair">Hutchinson letters affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Tea_Party" title="Philadelphia Tea Party">Philadelphia Tea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_Alarm" title="Powder Alarm">Powder Alarm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="*_Combatants_*_Campaigns_*_Theaters_*_Battles_*_Events_*_Colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Combatants</li> <li>Campaigns</li> <li>Theaters</li> <li>Battles</li> <li>Events</li> <li>Colonies</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Navy" title="Continental Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Marines" title="Continental Marines">Marines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army#Early_British_Empire" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy#1707–1815" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_American_Revolution#European_allies_of_Britain" title="Germans in the American Revolution">European allies of King George III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="France in the American Revolutionary War">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778)" title="Treaty of Alliance (1778)">Franco-American Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderigue_Hortalez_and_Company" title="Roderigue Hortalez and Company">Hortalez et Cie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_American_Revolution#American_and_European_supporters_of_Congress" title="Germans in the American Revolution">German supporters of Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Campaigns and<br />theaters</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Invasion of Quebec (1775)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Nova Scotia in the American Revolution">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_campaign" title="Saratoga campaign">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_after_Saratoga" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga">Northern after Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Western theater of the American Revolutionary War">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_battles_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War">Naval battles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Revolutionary_War_battles" title="List of American Revolutionary War battles">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Lexington and Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Capture of Fort Ticonderoga">Capture of Fort Ticonderoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Bunker Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Battle of Quebec (1775)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valcour_Island" title="Battle of Valcour Island">Valcour Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island" title="Battle of Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harlem_Heights" title="Battle of Harlem Heights">Harlem Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington" title="Battle of Fort Washington">Fort Washington</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Ticonderoga_(1777)" title="Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777)">Siege of Fort Ticonderoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bennington" title="Battle of Bennington">Bennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Lucia" title="Battle of St. Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grenada" title="Battle of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stony_Point" title="Battle of Stony Point">Stony Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Savannah" title="Siege of Savannah">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_St._Vincent_(1780)" title="Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1780)">Cape St. Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Charleston" title="Siege of Charleston">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Connecticut_Farms" title="Battle of Connecticut Farms">Connecticut Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Springfield" title="Battle of Springfield">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camden" title="Battle of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kings_Mountain" title="Battle of Kings Mountain">Kings Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cowpens" title="Battle of Cowpens">Cowpens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pensacola" title="Siege of Pensacola">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guilford_Court_House" title="Battle of Guilford Court House">Guilford Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochry%27s_Defeat" title="Lochry's Defeat">Lochry's Defeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chesapeake" title="Battle of the Chesapeake">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saintes" title="Battle of the Saintes">The Saintes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Peace_Conference" title="Staten Island Peace Conference">Staten Island Peace Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius#"First_Salute"" title="Sint Eustatius">"First Salute"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Washington's crossing of the Delaware River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-American_alliance" title="Franco-American alliance">Entry of France into war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Peace_Commission" title="Carlisle Peace Commission">Carlisle Peace Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Riots" title="Gordon Riots">Gordon Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Line_Mutiny" title="Pennsylvania Line Mutiny">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Sint_Eustatius" title="Capture of Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee%E2%80%93American_wars" title="Cherokee–American wars">Cherokee–American wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Dutch War">Fourth Anglo-Dutch War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second Anglo-Mysore War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Involvement <span class="nobold">(by <br />colony or location)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Rebel colonies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Connecticut#The_American_Revolution_(1775–1789)" title="History of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Line" title="Delaware Line">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Georgia in the American Revolution">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Maryland in the American Revolution">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Massachusetts#Revolutionary_Massachusetts:_1760s–1780s" title="History of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Hampshire#Revolution:_1775–1815" title="History of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" title="New Jersey in the American Revolution">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="New York in the American Revolution">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Revolution#American_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina in the American Revolution">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Pennsylvania in the American Revolution">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_in_the_American_Revolution#Revolutionary_era_1775-1790" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island in the American Revolution">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Revolution" title="South Carolina in the American Revolution">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Revolution#American_Revolution" title="Virginia in the American Revolution">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Loyal colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia#17th_and_18th_centuries" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariot_Arbuthnot" title="Mariot Arbuthnot">Arbuthnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brant" title="Joseph Brant">Brant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burgoyne" title="John Burgoyne">Burgoyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_of_Strachur" title="John Campbell, of Strachur">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Carleton,_1st_Baron_Dorchester" title="Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester">Carleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clinton_(British_Army_officer,_born_1730)" title="Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_of_Lovat" title="Simon Fraser of Lovat">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graves,_1st_Baron_Graves" title="Thomas Graves, 1st Baron Graves">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howe,_1st_Earl_Howe" title="Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe">Richard Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howe,_5th_Viscount_Howe" title="William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe">William Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Knyphausen" title="Wilhelm von Knyphausen">Knyphausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rodney,_1st_Baron_Rodney" title="George Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney">Rodney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">King George III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst" title="Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Germain,_1st_Viscount_Sackville" title="George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville">Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich" title="John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander,_Lord_Stirling" title="William Alexander, Lord Stirling">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Allen" title="Ethan Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(naval_officer)" title="John Barry (naval officer)">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Claghorn" title="George Claghorn">Claghorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Leb%C3%A8gue_Duportail" title="Louis Lebègue Duportail">Duportail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Gates" title="Horatio Gates">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_Greene" title="Nathanael Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esek_Hopkins" title="Esek Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_de_Kalb" title="Johann de Kalb">de Kalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lee_(general)" title="Charles Lee (general)">Charles Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln" title="Benjamin Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Mercer" title="Hugh Mercer">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Montgomery" title="Richard Montgomery">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Nicholson" title="Samuel Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Putnam" title="Israel Putnam">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben">von Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sullivan_(general)" title="John Sullivan (general)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hanson" title="John Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Laurens" title="Henry Laurens">Laurens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Revere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">Witherspoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colonial allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="French" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henri_Hector,_Count_of_Estaing" title="Charles Henri Hector, Count of Estaing">d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Paul_de_Grasse" title="François Joseph Paul de Grasse">de Grasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen" title="Luc Urbain du Bouëxic, comte de Guichen">de Guichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-C%C3%A9sar_de_La_Luzerne" title="Anne-César de La Luzerne">Luzerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur,_comte_de_Rochambeau" title="Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau">de Rochambeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_de_Suffren" title="Pierre André de Suffren">Suffren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gravier,_comte_de_Vergennes" title="Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes">Vergennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Aftermath" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aftermath</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratification_Day_(United_States)" title="Ratification Day (United States)">Ratification Day (1784)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shays%27s_Rebellion" title="Shays's Rebellion">Shays's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="*_Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li>Related topics</li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War">Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_(submersible)" title="Turtle (submersible)">The <i>Turtle</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Tree" title="Liberty Tree">Liberty Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Doodle" title="Yankee Doodle">Yankee Doodle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Timeline of the American Revolution">Timeline of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_the_Revolutionary_War" title="African Americans in the Revolutionary War">African Americans in the Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogs_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Dogs in the American Revolutionary War">Dogs in the American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_in_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War">Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Women in the American Revolution">Women in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_costs_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Financial costs of the American Revolutionary War">Financial costs of the war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_currency_banknotes" title="Continental currency banknotes">Continental currency banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental Currency dollar coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertas_Americana" title="Libertas Americana">Libertas Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Commemoration of the American Revolution">Commemoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of films about the American Revolution">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_series_and_miniseries_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of television series and miniseries about the American Revolution">television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plays_and_musicals_about_the_American_Revolution" title="List of plays and musicals about the American Revolution">theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriots%27_Day" title="Patriots' Day">Patriots' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Pulaski_Memorial_Day" title="General Pulaski Memorial Day">Pulaski Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Birthday" title="Jefferson's Birthday">Jefferson's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Steuben_Day" title="Von Steuben Day">Von Steuben Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_American_Revolution_holidays" title="Minor American Revolution holidays">Minor holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exposition" title="Centennial Exposition">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial_Exposition" title="Sesquicentennial Exposition">Sesquicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">Bicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Semiquincentennial" title="United States Semiquincentennial">Semiquincentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Children of the American Revolution">Children of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution">Daughters of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution">Sons of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Revolution" title="Sons of the Revolution">Sons of the Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Charters of Freedom Rotunda</a></li> <li><a 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