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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_on_French_Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_on_French_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Effects on French Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_on_French_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Treaty of Paris (1763)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdrag_van_Parys_(1763)" title="Verdrag van Parys (1763) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verdrag van Parys (1763)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_(1763)" title="معاهدة باريس (1763) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معاهدة باريس (1763)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractau_de_Par%C3%ADs_(1763)" title="Tractau de París (1763) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tractau de París (1763)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_m%C3%BCqavil%C9%99si_(1763)" title="Paris müqaviləsi (1763) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paris müqaviləsi (1763)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_(%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%A9)" title="প্যারিসের চুক্তি (১৭৬৩) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্যারিসের চুক্তি (১৭৬৩)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractat_de_Par%C3%ADs_(1763)" title="Tractat de París (1763) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tractat de París (1763)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_smlouva_(1763)" title="Pařížská smlouva (1763) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pařížská smlouva (1763)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freden_i_Paris_(1763)" title="Freden i Paris (1763) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Freden i Paris (1763)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieden_von_Paris_(1763)" title="Frieden von Paris (1763) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frieden von Paris (1763)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Par%C3%ADs_(1763)" title="Tratado de París (1763) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tratado de París (1763)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktato_de_Parizo_(1763)" title="Traktato de Parizo (1763) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Traktato de Parizo (1763)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parisko_Ituna_(1763)" title="Parisko Ituna (1763) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Parisko Ituna (1763)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B6%DB%B3)" title="معاهده پاریس (۱۷۶۳) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معاهده پاریس (۱۷۶۳)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Paris_(1763)" title="Traité de Paris (1763) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Traité de Paris (1763)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Par%C3%ADs_(1763)" title="Tratado de París (1763) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tratado de París (1763)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A6%AC_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD_(1763%EB%85%84)" title="파리 조약 (1763년) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파리 조약 (1763년)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjanjian_Paris_(1763)" title="Perjanjian Paris (1763) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perjanjian Paris (1763)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trattato_di_Parigi_(1763)" title="Trattato di Parigi (1763) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trattato di Parigi (1763)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96_(1763)" title="חוזה פריז (1763) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוזה פריז (1763)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_(1763)" title="პარიზის ზავი (1763) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პარიზის ზავი (1763)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Париж тынчтык келишимдери – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Париж тынчтык келишимдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1rizsi_b%C3%A9ke_(1763)" title="Párizsi béke (1763) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Párizsi béke (1763)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjanjian_Paris_(1763)" title="Perjanjian Paris (1763) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perjanjian Paris (1763)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrede_van_Parijs_(1763)" title="Vrede van Parijs (1763) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vrede van Parijs (1763)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AA%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84_(1763%E5%B9%B4)" title="パリ条約 (1763年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パリ条約 (1763年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paristraktaten_i_1763" title="Paristraktaten i 1763 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paristraktaten i 1763" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paristraktaten_i_1763" title="Paristraktaten i 1763 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Paristraktaten i 1763" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pok%C3%B3j_paryski_(1763)" title="Pokój paryski (1763) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pokój paryski (1763)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Paris_(1763)" title="Tratado de Paris (1763) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tratado de Paris (1763)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Paris_(1763)" title="Tratatul de la Paris (1763) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tratatul de la Paris (1763)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_(1763)" title="Парижский мирный договор (1763) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парижский мирный договор (1763)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Treaty of Paris (1763)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_(1763)" title="Париски мир (1763) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Париски мир (1763)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariski_mir_(1763)" title="Pariski mir (1763) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pariski mir (1763)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariisin_rauha_(1763)" title="Pariisin rauha (1763) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pariisin rauha (1763)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parisfreden_(1763)" title="Parisfreden (1763) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Parisfreden (1763)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_(1763)" title="பாரிஸ் உடன்படிக்கை (1763) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாரிஸ் உடன்படிக்கை (1763)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a>, the treaty that ended the American Revolution.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other treaties of Paris, see <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Treaty of Paris (disambiguation)">Treaty of Paris (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Treaty of Paris (1763)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SevenYearsWar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SevenYearsWar.png/300px-SevenYearsWar.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SevenYearsWar.png/450px-SevenYearsWar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/SevenYearsWar.png/600px-SevenYearsWar.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">The combatants of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> as shown before the outbreak of war in the mid-1750s. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4D6DF3; color:black;"> </span> Great Britain, Prussia, Portugal, with allies</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#22B14C; color:black;"> </span> France, Spain, Austria, Russia, with allies</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Context</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">End of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> (known as the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> in the United States)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">10 February 1763<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1763-02-10</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Negotiators</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_4th_Duke_of_Bedford" title="John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford">John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Gabriel_de_Choiseul" class="mw-redirect" title="César Gabriel de Choiseul">César Gabriel de Choiseul, Duke of Praslin</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1180" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Grimaldi,_1st_Duke_of_Grimaldi" title="Jerónimo Grimaldi, 1st Duke of Grimaldi">Jerónimo Grimaldi, 1st Duke of Grimaldi</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signatories</th><td class="infobox-data attendee plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1180" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portugal</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281760%E2%80%931785%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1180" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portugal</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Full text</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hubertusburg" title="Treaty of Hubertusburg">Treaty of Hubertusburg (1763)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Treaty of Paris</b>, also known as the <b>Treaty of 1763</b>, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spain</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a> in agreement, following Great Britain and <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>'s victory over France and Spain during the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>. </p><p>The signing of the treaty formally ended the conflict between France and Great Britain over control of North America (the Seven Years' War, known as the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> in the United States),<sup id="cite_ref-Marston_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marston-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and marked the beginning of an era of British dominance outside Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Great Britain and France each returned much of the territory that they had captured during the war, but Great Britain gained much of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">France's possessions in North America</a>. Additionally, Great Britain agreed to protect Roman Catholicism in the New World. The treaty did not involve Prussia and <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Austria</a>, as they signed a separate agreement, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hubertusburg" title="Treaty of Hubertusburg">Treaty of Hubertusburg</a>, five days later. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exchange_of_territories">Exchange of territories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Exchange of territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the war, Great Britain had conquered the French colonies of <a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a>, the French <a href="/wiki/Factory_(trading_post)" title="Factory (trading post)">factories (trading posts)</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slave-trading</a> station at <a href="/wiki/Gor%C3%A9e" title="Gorée">Gorée</a>, the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sénégal River">Sénégal River</a> and its settlements, and the Spanish colonies of <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> (in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>). France had <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_St_Philip_(1756)" title="Siege of Fort St Philip (1756)">captured Minorca</a> and British trading posts in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, while Spain had captured the border fortress of <a href="/wiki/Almeida,_Portugal" title="Almeida, Portugal">Almeida</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Colonia del Sacramento">Colonia del Sacramento</a> in South America.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Map_of_North_America_(1763).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/New_Map_of_North_America_%281763%29.JPG/350px-New_Map_of_North_America_%281763%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/New_Map_of_North_America_%281763%29.JPG/525px-New_Map_of_North_America_%281763%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/New_Map_of_North_America_%281763%29.JPG/700px-New_Map_of_North_America_%281763%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4843" data-file-height="2979" /></a><figcaption>"A new map of North America" – produced following the Treaty of Paris</figcaption></figure> <p>The treaty restored most of the territories to their original owners, but Britain was allowed to keep considerable gains.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France and Spain restored all their conquests to Britain and Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain restored Manila and Havana to Spain, and Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Gorée, and the Indian factories to France.<sup id="cite_ref-WDL_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In return, France recognized the sovereignty of Britain over Canada, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Tobago.<sup id="cite_ref-paris-4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paris-4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>France also ceded the eastern half of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">French Louisiana</a> to Britain; that is, the area from the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-paris-7_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paris-7-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France had already secretly given Louisiana to Spain three months earlier in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1762)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)">Treaty of Fontainebleau</a>, but Spain did not take possession until 1769. Spain ceded <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Florida</a> to Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-WDL_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, France regained its factories in India but recognized British clients as the rulers of key Indian native states and pledged not to send troops to <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>. Britain agreed to demolish its fortifications in <a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">British Honduras</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>) but retained a logwood-cutting colony there. Britain confirmed the right of its new subjects to practise Catholicism.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>France lost all its territory in mainland North America except for the territory of Louisiana west of the Mississippi River. France retained fishing rights off Newfoundland and the two small islands of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a>, where its fishermen could dry their catch. In turn, France gained the return of its sugar colony, Guadeloupe, which it considered more valuable than Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> had notoriously dismissed Acadia as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Quelques_arpents_de_neige" class="mw-redirect" title="Quelques arpents de neige">quelques arpents de neige</a></i></span> (a few acres of snow). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Louisiana_question">Louisiana question</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Louisiana question"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Treaty of Paris is notable because it furthered the transfer of Louisiana from France to Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the agreement to transfer had occurred with the Treaty of Fontainebleau, but it was not publicly announced until 1764. The Treaty of Paris gave Britain the east side of the Mississippi (including <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge, Louisiana</a>, which was to be part of the British territory of <a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a>). On the east side, New Orleans remained in French hands (albeit temporarily). The Mississippi River corridor in what is now Louisiana was later reunited following the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a> in 1803 and the <a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a> in 1819. </p><p>The 1763 treaty states in Article VII:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>VII. In order to reestablish peace on solid and durable foundations, and to remove for ever all subject of dispute with regard to the limits of the British and French territories on the continent of America; it is agreed, that, for the future, the confines between the dominions of his Britannick Majesty and those of his Most Christian Majesty, in that part of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along the middle of the River Mississippi, from its source to the river Iberville, and from thence, by a line drawn along the middle of this river, and the lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain to the sea; and for this purpose, the Most Christian King cedes in full right, and guaranties to his Britannick Majesty the river and port of the Mobile, and every thing which he possesses, or ought to possess, on the left side of the river Mississippi, except the town of New Orleans and the island in which it is situated, which shall remain to France, provided that the navigation of the river Mississippi shall be equally free, as well to the subjects of Great Britain as to those of France, in its whole breadth and length, from its source to the sea, and expressly that part which is between the said island of New Orleans and the right bank of that river, as well as the passage both in and out of its mouth: It is farther stipulated, that the vessels belonging to the subjects of either nation shall not be stopped, visited, or subjected to the payment of any duty whatsoever. The stipulations inserted in the IVth article, in favour of the inhabitants of Canada shall also take place with regard to the inhabitants of the countries ceded by this article.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canada_question">Canada question</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Canada question"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_perspective">British perspective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: British perspective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The war was fought all over the world, but the British began the war over <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">French possessions in North America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonod2009197–98_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonod2009197–98-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a long debate of the relative merits of Guadeloupe, which produced £6 million a year in sugar, and Canada, which was expensive to keep, Great Britain decided to keep Canada for strategic reasons and to return Guadeloupe to France.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war had weakened France, but it was still a <a href="/wiki/Historical_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical powers">European power</a>. British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute" title="John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute">Lord Bute</a> wanted a peace that would not push France towards a second war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGough199295_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGough199295-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Protestant British worried about having so many Roman Catholic subjects, Great Britain did not want to antagonize France by expulsion or forced conversion or for French settlers to leave Canada to strengthen other French settlements in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalloway2006113–14_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalloway2006113–14-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_perspective">French perspective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: French perspective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike Lord Bute, the French Foreign Minister, the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Choiseul,_Duke_of_Choiseul" title="Étienne François de Choiseul, Duke of Choiseul">Duke of Choiseul</a>, expected a return to war. However, France needed peace to rebuild.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France preferred to keep its Caribbean possessions with their profitable sugar trade, rather than the vast Canadian lands, which had been a financial burden on France.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French diplomats believed that without France to keep the Americans in check, the colonists might attempt to revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalloway2006114_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalloway2006114-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Canada, France wanted open emigration for those, such as the nobility, who would not swear allegiance to the British Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-Calloway_p_114_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calloway_p_114-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, France required protection for Roman Catholics in North America.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Article IV stated:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>IV. His Most Christian Majesty renounces all pretensions which he has heretofore formed or might have formed to Nova Scotia or <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a> in all its parts, and guaranties the whole of it, and with all its dependencies, to the King of Great Britain: Moreover, his Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence, and in general, every thing that depends on the said countries, lands, islands, and coasts, with the sovereignty, property, possession, and all rights acquired by treaty, or otherwise, which the Most Christian King and the Crown of France have had till now over the said countries, lands, islands, places, coasts, and their inhabitants, so that the Most Christian King cedes and makes over the whole to the said King, and to the Crown of Great Britain, and that in the most ample manner and form, without restriction, and without any liberty to depart from the said cession and guaranty under any pretence, or to disturb Great Britain in the possessions above mentioned. His Britannick Majesty, on his side, agrees to grant the liberty of the Catholick religion to the inhabitants of Canada: he will, in consequence, give the most precise and most effectual orders, that his new Roman Catholic subjects may profess the worship of their religion according to the rites of the Romish church, as far as the laws of Great Britain permit. His Britannick Majesty farther agrees, that the French inhabitants, or others who had been subjects of the Most Christian King in Canada, may retire with all safety and freedom wherever they shall think proper, and may sell their estates, provided it be to the subjects of his Britannick Majesty, and bring away their effects as well as their persons, without being restrained in their emigration, under any pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or of criminal prosecutions: The term limited for this emigration shall be fixed to the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dunkirk_question">Dunkirk question</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dunkirk question"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the negotiations that led to the treaty, a major issue of dispute between Britain and France had been over the status of the fortifications of the French coastal settlement of <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a>. The British had long feared that it would be used as a staging post to launch a French <a href="/wiki/Planned_French_Invasion_of_Britain_(1759)" class="mw-redirect" title="Planned French Invasion of Britain (1759)">invasion of Britain</a>. Under the 1713 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a>, the British forced France to concede extreme limits on those fortifications. The 1748 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Aix-la-Chapelle_(1748)" title="Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)">Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle</a> had allowed more generous terms,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and France constructed more significant defences for the town. </p><p>The 1763 treaty had Britain force France to accept the 1713 conditions and demolish the fortifications constructed since then.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That would be a continuing source of resentment to France, which would eventually have that provision overturned in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">1783 Treaty of Paris</a>, which brought an end to the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Allegorie_op_de_Vrede_van_Parijs_Paix_rendue_%C3%A0_l%27Europe_(titel_op_object)_Pax_Europae_Reddita_(titel_op_object),_RP-P-1928-204_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Allegorie_op_de_Vrede_van_Parijs_Paix_rendue_%C3%A0_l%27Europe_%28titel_op_object%29_Pax_Europae_Reddita_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-1928-204_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Allegorie_op_de_Vrede_van_Parijs_Paix_rendue_%C3%A0_l%27Europe_%28titel_op_object%29_Pax_Europae_Reddita_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-1928-204_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Allegorie_op_de_Vrede_van_Parijs_Paix_rendue_%C3%A0_l%27Europe_%28titel_op_object%29_Pax_Europae_Reddita_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-1928-204_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Allegorie_op_de_Vrede_van_Parijs_Paix_rendue_%C3%A0_l%27Europe_%28titel_op_object%29_Pax_Europae_Reddita_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-1928-204_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Allegorie_op_de_Vrede_van_Parijs_Paix_rendue_%C3%A0_l%27Europe_%28titel_op_object%29_Pax_Europae_Reddita_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-1928-204_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Allegorie_op_de_Vrede_van_Parijs_Paix_rendue_%C3%A0_l%27Europe_%28titel_op_object%29_Pax_Europae_Reddita_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-1928-204_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3348" data-file-height="4560" /></a><figcaption>Allegory of the Peace of Paris, entitled <i>Paix rendue à l'Europe</i>. On the right, the figure of <a href="/wiki/Pax_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pax (mythology)">Peace</a> hands <a href="/wiki/Olive_branch" title="Olive branch">olive branches</a> to <a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">personifications</a> of the party countries</figcaption></figure> <p>When Lord Bute rose to the position of British prime minister in 1762, he pushed for a resolution to the war with France and Spain since he feared that Great Britain could not govern all of its newly acquired territories. In what <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> would later term a policy of "appeasement", Bute returned some colonies to Spain and France in the negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite a desire for peace, many in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">British Parliament</a> opposed the return of any gains made during the war. Notable among the opposition was former prime minister <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">William Pitt, the Elder</a>, who warned that the terms of the treaty would lead to further conflicts once France and Spain had time to rebuild and later said, "The peace was insecure because it restored the enemy to her former greatness. The peace was inadequate, because the places gained were no equivalent for the places surrendered."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treaty passed by 319 votes to 65.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Treaty of Paris took no consideration of Great Britain's battered continental ally, King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick II of Prussia</a>, who negotiated peace terms separately in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hubertusburg" title="Treaty of Hubertusburg">Treaty of Hubertusburg</a>. For decades after the signing of the Treaty of Paris, Frederick II decried it as a British betrayal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many Protestant American colonists were disappointed by the protection of Catholicism in the Treaty of Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-Monod_p_201_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monod_p_201-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Criticism of the British colonial government as insufficiently anti-Catholic and fear of the protections for Catholicism expanding beyond Quebec was one of many reasons for the breakdown of American–British relations that led to the American Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-Monod_p_201_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monod_p_201-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_on_French_Canada">Effects on French Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Effects on French Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NorthAmerica1762-83.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/NorthAmerica1762-83.png/220px-NorthAmerica1762-83.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/NorthAmerica1762-83.png/330px-NorthAmerica1762-83.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/NorthAmerica1762-83.png/440px-NorthAmerica1762-83.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Map showing British territorial gains following the Treaty of Paris in pink and Spanish territorial gains after the consummation of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1762)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)">Treaty of Fontainebleau</a> in yellow</figcaption></figure> <p>The article permitted unrestrained emigration for 18 months from Canada. However, passage on British ships was expensive.<sup id="cite_ref-Calloway_p_114_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calloway_p_114-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 1,600 people left New France by that clause, but only 270 of them were French Canadians.<sup id="cite_ref-Calloway_p_114_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calloway_p_114-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some claim that there was a deliberate British policy to limit emigration to avoid strengthening other French colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-Calloway_p_114_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calloway_p_114-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article IV of the treaty allowed Catholicism to be practiced in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-Conklin_p_34_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conklin_p_34-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> agreed to allow Catholicism within the laws of Great Britain, which included various <a href="/wiki/Test_Acts" title="Test Acts">Test Acts</a> to prevent governmental, judicial and bureaucratic appointments from going to Roman Catholics. They were believed to be agents of the <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobite</a> pretenders to the throne, who normally resided in France and were supported by its government.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Test Acts were somewhat relaxed in Quebec, but top positions such as governorships were still held by Anglicans.<sup id="cite_ref-Conklin_p_34_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conklin_p_34-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article IV has also been cited as the basis for Quebec's unique legal code that differs from the rest of Canada. There was a general constitutional principle in the United Kingdom allowing colonies taken through conquest to continue their laws.<sup id="cite_ref-Conklin_p_35_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conklin_p_35-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That was limited by <a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">royal prerogative</a>, which allowed the monarch to change the accepted laws in a conquered colony later.<sup id="cite_ref-Conklin_p_35_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conklin_p_35-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the treaty eliminated that power because of a different constitutional principle, which considered the terms of a treaty to be paramount.<sup id="cite_ref-Conklin_p_35_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conklin_p_35-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, Roman Catholics were allowed to become jurors in inferior courts in Quebec and to argue based on principles of French law.<sup id="cite_ref-Calloway_p_120_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calloway_p_120-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the judge was British, and his opinion on French law could be limited or hostile.<sup id="cite_ref-Calloway_p_120_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calloway_p_120-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the case was appealed to a superior court, neither French law nor Roman Catholic jurors were allowed.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many French residents of what are now the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime Provinces">Maritime Provinces</a> of Canada were deported during the <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Great Expulsion of the Acadians</a> (1755–1763). After signing the peace treaty guaranteed some rights to Roman Catholics, some Acadians returned to Canada. However, they were no longer welcome in the British colony of Nova Scotia.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were forced into <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, which became a bilingual province as a result of that relocation.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Britain now owned much land that France had owned, and the French people of Quebec felt greatly betrayed by the French concession. The commander-in-chief of the British, <a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst" title="Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst">Jeffrey Amherst</a> noted, "Many of the Canadians consider their Colony to be of utmost consequence to France & cannot be convinced ... that their Country has been conceded to Great Britain."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Seven_Years%27_War" title="France in the Seven Years' War">France in the Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_in_the_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Great Britain in the Seven Years' War">Great Britain in the Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">Royal Proclamation of 1763</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_treaties" title="List of treaties">List of treaties</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Paris-1763">"Treaty of Paris"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. 3 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaty+of+Paris&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2023-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FTreaty-of-Paris-1763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marston-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marston_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarston2002" class="citation book cs1">Marston, Daniel (2002). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frenchindianwar00mars_617"><i>The French–Indian War 1754–1760</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frenchindianwar00mars_617/page/n81">84</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-96838-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-96838-0"><bdi>0-415-96838-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French%E2%80%93Indian+War+1754%E2%80%931760&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-96838-0&rft.aulast=Marston&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrenchindianwar00mars_617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h754.html">"Wars and Battles: Treaty of Paris (1763)"</a>. <i>US history</i>. <q>In a nutshell, Britain emerged as the world's leading colonial empire.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+history&rft.atitle=Wars+and+Battles%3A+Treaty+of+Paris+%281763%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.u-s-history.com%2Fpages%2Fh754.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/USA/TreatyParis.html">"The Treaty of Paris ends the French and Indian War"</a>. <i>Then again</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Then+again&rft.atitle=The+Treaty+of+Paris+ends+the+French+and+Indian+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenagain.info%2FWebChron%2FUSA%2FTreatyParis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeon1886" class="citation journal cs1">Leon, Daniel De (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2139304">"The Conference at Berlin on the West-African Question"</a>. <i>Political Science Quarterly</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 103–139. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2139304">10.2307/2139304</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2139304">2139304</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Science+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Conference+at+Berlin+on+the+West-African+Question&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=103-139&rft.date=1886&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2139304&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2139304%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Leon&rft.aufirst=Daniel+De&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2139304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WDL-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WDL_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WDL_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKitchin1778" class="citation web cs1">Kitchin, Thomas (1778). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4397/">"The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=The+Present+State+of+the+West-Indies%3A+Containing+an+Accurate+Description+of+What+Parts+Are+Possessed+by+the+Several+Powers+in+Europe&rft.date=1778&rft.aulast=Kitchin&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F4397%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paris-4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-paris-4_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"His Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence, and in general, every thing that depends on the said countries, lands, islands, and coasts, with the sovereignty, property, possession, and all rights acquired by treaty, or otherwise, which the Most Christian King and the Crown of France have had till now over the said countries, lands, islands, places, coasts, and their inhabitants" – Article IV of the <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paris-7-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-paris-7_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"... it is agreed, that ... the confines between the dominions of his Britannick Majesty and those of his Most Christian Majesty, in that part of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along the middle of the River Mississippi, from its source to the river <a href="/wiki/Bayou_Manchac" title="Bayou Manchac">Iberville</a>, and from hence, by a line drawn along the middle of this river, and the lakes <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maurepas" title="Lake Maurepas">Maurepas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pontchartrain" title="Lake Pontchartrain">Pontchartrain</a> to the sea; and for this purpose, the Most Christian King cedes in full right, and guaranties to his Britannick Majesty the river and port of <a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a>, and every thing which he possesses, or ought to possess, on the left side of the river Mississippi, except the town of New Orleans and the island in which it is situated, which shall remain to France, ..." – Article VII of the <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/extractsfromtre00spaigoog"><i>Extracts from the Treaty of Paris of 1763</i></a>. A. Lovell & Co. 1892. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/extractsfromtre00spaigoog/page/n10">6</a>. <q>His Britannick Majesty, on his side, agrees to grant the liberty of the Roman Catholic religion to the inhabitants of Canada.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extracts+from+the+Treaty+of+Paris+of+1763&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=A.+Lovell+%26+Co&rft.date=1892&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fextractsfromtre00spaigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDewar2010" class="citation journal cs1">Dewar, Helen (December 2010). "Canada or Guadeloupe?: French and British Perceptions of Empire, 1760–1783". <i>Canadian Historical Review</i>. <b>91</b> (4): 637–660. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fchr.91.4.637">10.3138/chr.91.4.637</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Canada+or+Guadeloupe%3F%3A+French+and+British+Perceptions+of+Empire%2C+1760%E2%80%931783&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=637-660&rft.date=2010-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fchr.91.4.637&rft.aulast=Dewar&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-french-and-indian-war-ends">"The French and Indian War ends – Feb 10, 1763"</a>. <i>HISTORY.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY.com&rft.atitle=The+French+and+Indian+War+ends+%E2%80%93+Feb+10%2C+1763&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fthe-french-and-indian-war-ends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://international.loc.gov/intldl/fiahtml/fiatheme4c2.html">"The Stakes of the Treaty of Paris"</a>. <i>France in America</i>. Library of Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+in+America&rft.atitle=The+Stakes+of+the+Treaty+of+Paris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finternational.loc.gov%2Fintldl%2Ffiahtml%2Ffiatheme4c2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Treaty of Paris (1763)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)"><i>Treaty of Paris (1763)</i> </a></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treaty+of+Paris+%281763%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonod2009197–98-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonod2009197–98_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMonod2009">Monod 2009</a>, pp. 197–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalloway2006" class="citation book cs1">Calloway, Colin G. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XtxG369-VHQC&pg=PA8"><i>The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-804119-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-804119-1"><bdi>978-0-19-804119-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scratch+of+a+Pen%3A+1763+and+the+Transformation+of+North+America&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-804119-1&rft.aulast=Calloway&rft.aufirst=Colin+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXtxG369-VHQC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGough199295-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGough199295_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGough1992">Gough 1992</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECalloway2006113–14-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalloway2006113–14_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCalloway2006">Calloway 2006</a>, pp. 113–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRashed1951" class="citation book cs1">Rashed, Zenab Esmat (1951). <i>The Peace of Paris</i>. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_University_Press" title="Liverpool University Press">Liverpool University Press</a>. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0853-23202-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0853-23202-5"><bdi>978-0853-23202-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Peace+of+Paris&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=1951&rft.isbn=978-0853-23202-5&rft.aulast=Rashed&rft.aufirst=Zenab+Esmat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/treaty-of-paris">"Treaty of Paris, 1763"</a>. Office of the Historian, United States Department of State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaty+of+Paris%2C+1763&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Historian%2C+United+States+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fmilestones%2F1750-1775%2Ftreaty-of-paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECalloway2006114-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalloway2006114_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCalloway2006">Calloway 2006</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calloway_p_114-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Calloway_p_114_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calloway_p_114_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calloway_p_114_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calloway_p_114_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCalloway2006">Calloway 2006</a>, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dull p.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dull p.194–243</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurchill2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_(1940%E2%80%932010)" title="Winston Churchill (1940–2010)">Churchill, Winston</a> (2001) [1999]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GT60TiK84WYC&pg=PA52"><i>The Great Republic: A History of America</i></a>. Modern Library. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780375754401" title="Special:BookSources/9780375754401"><bdi>9780375754401</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Republic%3A+A+History+of+America&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780375754401&rft.aulast=Churchill&rft.aufirst=Winston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGT60TiK84WYC%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimms2007" class="citation book cs1">Simms, Brendan (2007). <i>Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714–1783</i>. Allan Lane. p. 496. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0713-99426-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0713-99426-1"><bdi>978-0713-99426-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+Victories+and+a+Defeat%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+First+British+Empire%2C+1714%E2%80%931783&rft.pages=496&rft.pub=Allan+Lane&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0713-99426-1&rft.aulast=Simms&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler2004" class="citation book cs1">Fowler, William M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empiresatwarfren00fowl/page/271"><i>Empires at War: the French and Indian War and the struggle for North America, 1754–1763</i></a>. Walker & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empiresatwarfren00fowl/page/271">271</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802-71411-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802-71411-4"><bdi>978-0802-71411-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empires+at+War%3A+the+French+and+Indian+War+and+the+struggle+for+North+America%2C+1754%E2%80%931763&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=Walker+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0802-71411-4&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=William+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempiresatwarfren00fowl%2Fpage%2F271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monod_p_201-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Monod_p_201_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monod_p_201_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monod p. 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conklin_p_34-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Conklin_p_34_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conklin_p_34_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Conklin p 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColley1992" class="citation book cs1">Colley, Linda (1992). <i><a href="/wiki/Britons:_Forging_the_Nation_1707%E2%80%931837" title="Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837">Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837</a></i>. Yale University Press. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-15280-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-15280-7"><bdi>978-0-300-15280-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britons%3A+Forging+the+Nation+1707%E2%80%931837&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-300-15280-7&rft.aulast=Colley&rft.aufirst=Linda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conklin_p_35-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Conklin_p_35_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conklin_p_35_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conklin_p_35_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Conklin p 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calloway_p_120-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Calloway_p_120_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calloway_p_120_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Calloway p 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Calloway p 121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Price, p 136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Price p 136–137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Calloway p 113</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGough1992" class="citation book cs1">Gough, Barry M. (1992). <i>British Mercantile Interests in the Making of the Peace of Paris, 1763</i>. Edwin Meller Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Mercantile+Interests+in+the+Making+of+the+Peace+of+Paris%2C+1763&rft.pub=Edwin+Meller+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Gough&rft.aufirst=Barry+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonod2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Monod" title="Paul Monod">Monod, Paul Kleber</a> (2009). <i>Imperial Island: A History of Britain and Its Empire, 1660–1837</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Island%3A+A+History+of+Britain+and+Its+Empire%2C+1660%E2%80%931837&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Monod&rft.aufirst=Paul+Kleber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurchill1999" class="citation book cs1">Churchill, Sir Winston (1999) [1956–8, History of English speaking peoples]. <a href="/wiki/Winston_Spencer-Churchill" class="mw-redirect" title="Winston Spencer-Churchill">Spencer-Churchill, Winston</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatrepublichis00chur"><i>The Great Republic: A History of America</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-50320-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-50320-X"><bdi>0-375-50320-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Republic%3A+A+History+of+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-375-50320-X&rft.aulast=Churchill&rft.aufirst=Sir+Winston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatrepublichis00chur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConklin1979" class="citation book cs1">Conklin, William E. (1979). <i>In Defence of Fundamental Rights</i>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Publishing" title="Springer Publishing">Springer</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Defence+of+Fundamental+Rights&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Conklin&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDull2005" class="citation book cs1">Dull, Jonathan R. (2005). <i>The French Navy and the Seven Years' War</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_system" title="University of Nebraska system">University of Nebraska</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Navy+and+the+Seven+Years%27+War&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Dull&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2007" class="citation book cs1">Price, Joseph Edward (2007). <i>The status of French among youth in a bilingual American–Canadian border community: the case of Madawaska, Maine</i>. <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+status+of+French+among+youth+in+a+bilingual+American%E2%80%93Canadian+border+community%3A+the+case+of+Madawaska%2C+Maine&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATreaty+of+Paris+%281763%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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aria-labelledby="Treaties_of_the_Seven_Years&#039;_War_(1754/1756–1763)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #b0c4de;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seven_Years%27_War_treaties" title="Template:Seven Years' War treaties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seven_Years%27_War_treaties" title="Template talk:Seven Years' War treaties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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Versailles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint_Petersburg_(1762)" title="Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hamburg_(1762)" title="Treaty of Hamburg (1762)">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1762)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)">Fontainebleau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hubertusburg" title="Treaty of Hubertusburg">Hubertusburg</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #b0c4de; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-small;"><div>Campaigns: <a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Seven_Years%27_War:_European" title="Template:Campaignbox Seven Years' War: European">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_French_and_Indian_War" title="Template:Campaignbox French and Indian War">America</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_France" title="Template:New France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_France" title="Template talk:New France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history" title="Timeline of New France history">Timeline of New France history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(beginnings%E2%80%931533)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (beginnings–1533)">Beginnings–1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history_(1534%E2%80%931607)" title="Timeline of New France history (1534–1607)">1534–1607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1608%E2%80%931662)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1608–1662)">1608–1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1663%E2%80%931759)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1663–1759)">1663–1759</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1763 Treaty of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec" title="History of Quebec">History of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Acadians" title="History of the Acadians">History of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Franco-Americans" title="History of the Franco-Americans">History of the French-Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a> (1604–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a> (1608–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre-Neuve_(New_France)" title="Terre-Neuve (New France)">Terre-Neuve</a> (1662–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana</a> (1682–1763, 1801–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Île Royale</a> (1713–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country" title="Illinois Country">Illinois Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_d%27en_Haut" title="Pays d'en Haut">Pays d'en Haut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_du_roy" title="Domaine du roy">Domaine du roy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_New_France" title="List of towns and villages in New France">Towns and<br /> villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec_City" title="History of Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montreal" title="History of Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">Détroit</a></li></ul></li> <li>Île Royale <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Louisbourg</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mobile,_Alabama" title="History of Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Orleans" title="History of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Placentia,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador">Plaisance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_forts_in_North_America" title="List of French forts in North America">List of French forts in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Fort Rouillé">Fort Rouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Michilimackinac" title="Fort Michilimackinac">Fort Michilimackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Buade" title="Fort de Buade">Fort de Buade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Chartres" title="Fort de Chartres">Fort de Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Detroit">Fort Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Fort Ticonderoga">Fort Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Conde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Conde">Fort Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Duquesne" title="Fort Duquesne">Fort Duquesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Fortress of Louisbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador">Castle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starved_Rock_State_Park" title="Starved Rock State Park">Fort St. Louis (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_Texas" title="French colonization of Texas">Fort St. Louis (Texas)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_New_France" title="Governor General of New France">Governor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant_of_New_France" title="Intendant of New France">Intendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Sovereign Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Quebec" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec">Bishop of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="List of governors of Trois-Rivières">Governor of Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Montreal" title="Governor of Montreal">Governor of Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Acadia" title="List of governors of Acadia">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador#Governors_of_Plaisance,_1655–1713" title="List of governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of colonial governors of Louisiana">Governor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custom_of_Paris_in_New_France" title="Custom of Paris in New France">Custom of Paris in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seigneurial_system_of_New_France" title="Seigneurial system of New France">Seigneurial system of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice_in_New_France" title="Criminal justice in New France">Criminal justice in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant" 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