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<ul id="toc-History_of_talkers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Internet_talkers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Internet_talkers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early Internet talkers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Internet_talkers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Talker_hosting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Talker_hosting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Talker hosting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Talker_hosting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> 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href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EC%BB%A4" title="토커 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토커" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="टॉकर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टॉकर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talker" title="Talker – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Talker" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talker" title="Talker – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Talker" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3632939#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talker" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Internet chat system</div> <p>A <b>talker</b> is a chat system that people use to talk to each other over the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hahn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hahn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dating back to the 1980s, they were a predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a>. A talker is a <a href="/wiki/Communication_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Communication system">communication system</a> precursor to <a href="/wiki/MMORPG" class="mw-redirect" title="MMORPG">MMORPGs</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">virtual worlds</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a></i>. Talkers are a form of online <a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">virtual worlds</a> in which multiple <a href="/wiki/User_(computing)" title="User (computing)">users</a> are connected at the same time to <a href="/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat">chat</a> in real-time. People <a href="/wiki/Login" title="Login">log in</a> to the talkers remotely (usually via <a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a>), and have a basic text <a href="/wiki/Interface_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interface (computer science)">interface</a> with which to communicate with each other. </p><p>The early talkers were similar to <a href="/wiki/Multi-user_dungeon" title="Multi-user dungeon">MUDs</a> with most of the complex game machinery stripped away, leaving just the communication level commands – hence the name "talker".<sup id="cite_ref-internetculture_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-internetculture-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ew-too was, in fact, a <a href="/wiki/LPMud" title="LPMud">MUD server</a> with the game elements removed. </p><p>Most talkers are free and based on <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> software. </p><p>Many of the online <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphors</a> used on talkers, such as "rooms"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "residency", were established by these early pioneering services and remain in use by modern <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D</a> interfaces such as <i><a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_talkers">History of talkers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of talkers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Internet_talkers">Early Internet talkers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early Internet talkers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the school year of 1983–1984, Mark Jenks and Todd Krause, two students at Washington High School in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, wrote a software program for talking among a group of people.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They used the <a href="/wiki/PDP-11" title="PDP-11">PDP-11</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Public_Schools" title="Milwaukee Public Schools">Milwaukee Public Schools</a> (MPS) central office. After searching around the PDP-11 files and directories, Mark found the PDP-11 program <a href="/wiki/Talk_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talk (Unix)">talk</a>, and decided that they could do better. The system had approximately 40 300–2400 <a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">bit per second</a> <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modems</a> attached to it, with a single phone number and a <a href="/wiki/Hunting_(telephony)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunting (telephony)">hunt group</a>. The talk program was named TALK and was written to handle many options that are seen in <a href="/wiki/IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a> today: tables, private messages, actions, moderators and inviting to tables. Another talk server called NUTS,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which stood for Neil's Unix Talk Server, was released in 1993 and became fairly popular on Unix systems. Its command system was broadly based on the Unaxcess BBS and being room based it took a lot of inspiration from MUDs too. The source code was given away and became the basis of a huge number of variants and rewrites during the 1990s. </p><p><i>Cat Chat</i> was the first Internet / <a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a> talker, created in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-tmc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tmc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Talker_hosting">Talker hosting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Talker hosting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996, talker.com was formed, the first server to sell space for talkers, later giving it the name Dragonroost. The server had over 90 talkers on it at one time, during the mid-1990s boom of talkers. A number of other hosts started up as alternative hosting companies to talker.com. Talker.com ceased hosting any other talkers besides its owners' on September 28, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">IRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICQ" title="ICQ">ICQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-user_dungeon" title="Multi-user dungeon">MUD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat">Online chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LPMud" title="LPMud">LPMud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_(software)" title="Talk (software)">Talk</a>, a Unix text chat program</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hahn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hahn_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHahn1996" class="citation book cs1">Hahn, Harley (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/harleyhahnsinter00hahn/page/498"><i>The Internet Complete Reference</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). Osborne McGraw-Hill. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/harleyhahnsinter00hahn/page/498">498</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-882138-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-882138-X"><bdi>0-07-882138-X</bdi></a>. <q>A TALKER is a multiuser talk facility that is easy to use and is devoted primarily to conversation. You connect to a talker by using telnet ... The word 'talker' is a descriptive term. For example, some talkers are muds, while others are BBSs; there is no strict definition. If it's easy to use, and you connect in order to talk to other people, it is a talker.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Internet+Complete+Reference&rft.pages=498&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Osborne+McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-07-882138-X&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Harley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fharleyhahnsinter00hahn%2Fpage%2F498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-internetculture-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-internetculture_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIto1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mizuko_Ito" title="Mizuko Ito">Ito, Mizuko</a> (1997). "Virtually Embodied: The Reality of Fantasy in a Multi-User Dungeon". In Porter, David (ed.). <i>Internet Culture</i> (pbk. ed.). Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">89–</span>90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-91684-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-91684-4"><bdi>0-415-91684-4</bdi></a>. <q>These combat-oriented MUDs stand in contrast to non-gaming 'talker' MUDs or educational or professional MUDs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Virtually+Embodied%3A+The+Reality+of+Fantasy+in+a+Multi-User+Dungeon&rft.btitle=Internet+Culture&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.edition=pbk.&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-415-91684-4&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.aufirst=Mizuko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevine1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_R._Levine" title="John R. Levine">Levine, John R.</a> (1997). <i>More Internet for Dummies</i>. IDG Books. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7645-0135-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7645-0135-6"><bdi>0-7645-0135-6</bdi></a>. <q><b>Talkers</b> are for talk only, with no games, no monsters to fight, no quests, and no bizarre rules to learn. All you do is talk and make new friends. Talkers are much like IRC, except that rather than join a channel, you move into a room.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+Internet+for+Dummies&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=IDG+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7645-0135-6&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrandon_De_Hoyos" class="citation web cs1">Brandon De Hoyos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://im.about.com/od/imbasics/a/imhistory_2.htm">"The Early Messengers"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Early+Messengers&rft.au=Brandon+De+Hoyos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fim.about.com%2Fod%2Fimbasics%2Fa%2Fimhistory_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ogham.demon.co.uk/nuts.html">http://www.ogham.demon.co.uk/nuts.html</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tmc-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tmc_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mudconnect.com/mud_intro.html">"Introduction to MUDs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mud_Connector" title="The Mud Connector">The Mud Connector</a></i>. <q>Talkers began in 1990 with the program "CatChat" at Warwick University which, ironically, used an LP MUD driver and had snoop capability.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mud+Connector&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+MUDs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mudconnect.com%2Fmud_intro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talker.com/">"Dragonroost Talker Server"</a>. March 8, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dragonroost+Talker+Server&rft.date=2010-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.talker.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas2007" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Angela (July 2007). <i>Youth Online: Identity and Literacy in the Digital Age</i>. Peter Lang Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4331-0033-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4331-0033-8"><bdi>978-1-4331-0033-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Youth+Online%3A+Identity+and+Literacy+in+the+Digital+Age&rft.pub=Peter+Lang+Publishing&rft.date=2007-07&rft.isbn=978-1-4331-0033-8&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Angela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalker" class="Z3988"></span> - an ethnographic study of youth online, analyzes textual interactions, including at Middle Earth-related talkers</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talker&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/talker" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/talker">talker</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A1010106">BBC h2g2 (wikipedia-style) Article on talkers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cheeseplant.org/~daniel/pages/cph.html">Cheeseplant's House History</a>, of some historical significance.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pgplus.org">Playground Plus Code Base</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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