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<li id="toc-Historic_Cherokee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_Cherokee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Historic Cherokee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_Cherokee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_and_early_federal_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_and_early_federal_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Colonial and early federal period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Colonial_and_early_federal_period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Colonial and early federal period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Colonial_and_early_federal_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20th-century_reclamation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th-century_reclamation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>20th-century reclamation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th-century_reclamation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duke_Energy_controversy_in_2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duke_Energy_controversy_in_2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Duke Energy controversy in 2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duke_Energy_controversy_in_2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kituwa&params=35.438852_N_83.401138_W_type:landmark_region:US-NC"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°26′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°24′04″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.438852°N 83.401138°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.438852; -83.401138</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic place in North Carolina, United States</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States historic place</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:1px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">Kituwa</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kittuwa-mound-cherokee-nc1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kittuwa-mound-cherokee-nc1.jpg/250px-Kittuwa-mound-cherokee-nc1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kittuwa-mound-cherokee-nc1.jpg/375px-Kittuwa-mound-cherokee-nc1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kittuwa-mound-cherokee-nc1.jpg/500px-Kittuwa-mound-cherokee-nc1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1533" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Kituwa mound at Ferguson Field</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_North_Carolina_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kituwa is located in North Carolina"><img alt="Kituwa is located in North Carolina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/USA_North_Carolina_location_map.svg/250px-USA_North_Carolina_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/USA_North_Carolina_location_map.svg/375px-USA_North_Carolina_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/USA_North_Carolina_location_map.svg/500px-USA_North_Carolina_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="849" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.854%;left:11.816%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kituwa"><img alt="Kituwa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of North Carolina</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kituwa is located in the United States"><img alt="Kituwa is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.336%;left:72.081%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kituwa"><img alt="Kituwa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">U.S. Route 19 east of Bryson City, near <a href="/wiki/Bryson_City,_North_Carolina" title="Bryson City, North Carolina">Bryson City, North Carolina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kituwa&params=35.438852_N_83.401138_W_type:landmark_region:US-NC"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°26′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°24′04″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.438852°N 83.401138°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.438852; -83.401138</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">20 acres (8.1 ha)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/73002239">73002239</a><sup id="cite_ref-nris_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">June 4, 2023-11-5</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kituwa</b> (also spelled <b>Kituwah</b>, <b>Keetoowah</b>, Kittowa, Kitara and other similar variations) or <i>giduhwa</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">ᎩᏚᏩ</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Woodland_period" title="Woodland period">Woodland period</a> Native American settlement near the upper <a href="/wiki/Tuckasegee_River" title="Tuckasegee River">Tuckasegee River</a>, and is claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee people">Cherokee people</a> as their original town. An <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(archaeology)" title="Earthworks (archaeology)">earthwork</a> <a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">platform mound</a>, built about 1000 CE, marks a ceremonial site here. The historic Cherokee built a townhouse on top that was used for their communal gatherings and decisionmaking; they replaced it repeatedly over decades. They identify Kituwa as one of the "seven mother towns" in their traditional homeland of the American Southeast. This site is in modern <a href="/wiki/Swain_County,_North_Carolina" title="Swain County, North Carolina">Swain County, North Carolina</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains" title="Great Smoky Mountains">Great Smoky Mountains</a>. </p><p>The Cherokee lost control of this site to the United States in the early 19th century. In the late 1830s, most of their people in the Southeast were forcibly removed by US forces to <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>. Descendants of those who remained in North Carolina formed the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians">Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians</a> (EBCI), which is federally recognized. </p><p>Kituwa (31Sw2) was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 1973 because of its historic and archeological significance. In 1996 the EBCI purchased 309 acres of land, including Kituwa mound and the former town site. They have conducted archeological surveys that have added to their knowledge about the long history of the site and Cherokee uses, including burials there. As a result, they have decided to leave this sacred site undeveloped. </p><p>Since the mid-19th century, the term "Keetoowah" has been associated with Cherokee people, initially full-blood only, who supported a kind of religious nationalism. They adhered to pre-contact communal ways. Conservative descendants of Cherokee who had migrated to Arkansas and Indian Territory in the 1810s and 1820s later formed what is now the federally recognized tribe of the <a href="/wiki/United_Keetoowah_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="United Keetoowah Band">United Keetoowah Band</a>, based in Oklahoma. During the 19th century, after removal to Indian Territory, there were Cherokee groups who identified as Keetoowah, at times forming secret societies that maintained rituals and sacred ceremonies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kituwa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Kituwa</i> is the site of Woodland period villages and an <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(archaeology)" title="Earthworks (archaeology)">earthwork</a> <a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">platform mound</a>, which was built by about 1000 CE during the period of the <a href="/wiki/South_Appalachian_Mississippian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="South Appalachian Mississippian culture">South Appalachian Mississippian culture</a>. The Cherokee hold the site sacred as the original town of their people. It is along the <a href="/wiki/Tuckaseegee_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuckaseegee River">Tuckaseegee River</a>, before its confluence with the <a href="/wiki/Oconaluftee_River" title="Oconaluftee River">Oconaluftee River</a>. </p><p>For peoples of several <a href="/wiki/Woodland_period" title="Woodland period">Woodland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian cultures</a>, building such earthwork mounds was characteristic of their societies and an expression of public architecture that was part of their cosmology and political system. Remains of such platform mounds and effigy mounds are evident throughout the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi Basin">Mississippi Basin</a> and Ohio Valley. The areas of moundbuilding by various cultures included <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> to the southwest, and <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> to the northwest. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/South_Appalachian_Mississippian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="South Appalachian Mississippian culture">South Appalachian Mississippian culture</a>, a regional variation of the classic Mississippian culture, is documented as established in what is now known as <a href="/wiki/Western_North_Carolina" title="Western North Carolina">Western North Carolina</a> from 1000 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-moore_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mississippian-culture sites have been identified extending southwest in the river valleys, including the town later called <i>Kituwa</i> by the Cherokee, where the ancient <a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">platform mound</a> is still visible. The Mississippian-culture peoples were part of vast, indigenous trade networks that connected <a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">chiefdoms</a> throughout the present-day eastern United States, spanning the continent from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Coast">Gulf Coast</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>. In contrast to some of the larger settlements in the Midwest, which had large complexes of multiple mounds, in North Carolina most of the major towns had a single <a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">platform mound</a>. Smaller villages developed near what the Cherokee called the "mother towns". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_Cherokee">Historic Cherokee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kituwa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historic Cherokee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Archaeologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologists">Archaeologists</a> believe the people of the smaller chiefdoms were eventually absorbed by the developing, larger <a href="/wiki/Catawba_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catawba (tribe)">Catawba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a> tribes of this region. These have been documented since the historic period. </p><p>Cherokee public architecture took the form of building <a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">townhouses</a>, also known as council houses, on top of the platform mounds. Where no mound existed, they built the townhouse at a central plaza in the town. It was the place for community gathering and creation of consensus for communal decisionmaking. </p><p>At the time of European encounter, the Cherokee regularly burned the vegetation on the mound for agricultural use. It may also have been part of ritual to preserve the mound, to keep it visible and free of trees. Burning underbrush was part of sustainable farming practices. </p><p>After European Americans forced the removal of the Cherokee Nation in the 1830s from the Southeast, they took over their lands. At Kituwa, they repeatedly plowed the mound and village area for <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> cultivation. The mound is still visible although much shorter than it would have been during the Cherokee time. By the end of the period of European-American ownership, the mound was within the boundaries of a private property called Ferguson's Field.<sup id="cite_ref-motherTown_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motherTown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 21st century, the remaining Kituwa mound is 170 feet (52 m) in diameter and five feet tall, although archeologists know that it was once taller. According to Cherokee oral tradition, they had built a townhouse structure on top that housed their <a href="/wiki/Sacred" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred">sacred</a> flame, which was to be kept burning at all times.<sup id="cite_ref-pluralismkituwah_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pluralismkituwah-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The inhabitants of <i>Kituwah</i>, known as the <i>Ani-kitu-hwagi</i>, influenced all of the Cherokee towns of the heartland along the <a href="/wiki/Tuckasegee_River" title="Tuckasegee River">Tuckasegee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oconaluftee_River" title="Oconaluftee River">Oconaluftee</a> rivers (which were known as the Out Towns, in a geographic grouping). The people also influenced the Middle Towns, those Cherokee towns along the upper <a href="/wiki/Little_Tennessee_River" title="Little Tennessee River">Little Tennessee River</a> and its tributaries. The Valley Towns were further south in this area, along the upper <a href="/wiki/Hiwassee_River" title="Hiwassee River">Hiwassee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nantahala_River" title="Nantahala River">Nantahala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valley_River" title="Valley River">Valley</a> rivers; all of these were located in what later became the province and state of North Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-chavez_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chavez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The people of this region became known as the <i>Kituwah</i>, also spelled <i>Keetoowah</i>, after the name of their mother town. Because the <i>Kituwah</i> were seen to protect the northern border of the Cherokee from <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> nations raiding from New York and various <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian</a> peoples, gradually Kituwah also became synonymous with Cherokee.<sup id="cite_ref-motherTown_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motherTown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the colonial period, the Cherokee towns along the <a href="/wiki/Savannah_River" title="Savannah River">Savannah River</a> (also known as the <a href="/wiki/Keowee_River" title="Keowee River">Keowee River</a> in their territory) and its tributaries were known by English colonists as the Lower Towns. The colonists referred to the towns in eastern Tennessee as the Overhill Towns, as their traders had to cross the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> to reach them. They were located along the lower <a href="/wiki/Little_Tennessee_River" title="Little Tennessee River">Little Tennessee River</a> and upper <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee River</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Tellico_River" title="Tellico River">Tellico River</a> and lower <a href="/wiki/Hiwassee_River" title="Hiwassee River">Hiwassee River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chavez_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chavez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cherokee language is of <a href="/wiki/Iroquoian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquoian language">Iroquoian origin</a>, and most tribes of this language family have historically been based around the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> in North America. The Cherokee and other southern Iroquoian-speaking tribes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_people" title="Tuscarora people">Tuscarora</a> in South Carolina, and <a href="/wiki/Meherrin" title="Meherrin">Meherrin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nottoway_people" title="Nottoway people">Nottoway</a> in Virginia, are believed to have migrated long ago to the South from the Great Lakes area. According to <a href="/wiki/James_Mooney" title="James Mooney">James Mooney</a>'s study and compilation of Cherokee myth, published after living with the people, such migration is recounted in Cherokee oral history. The Cherokee settled in the territory of what is now western Virginia, western South and North Carolina, southeastern Tennessee, and northeastern Georgia, which they consider their homelands. </p><p>In the 21st century, the ancient site of the Mother Town <i>Kituwa</i> is visible in the general area of the <a href="/wiki/Qualla_Boundary" title="Qualla Boundary">Qualla Boundary</a>. The federally recognized <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Band of Cherokee">Eastern Band of Cherokee</a> (ECBI), based in North Carolina, re-acquired Kituwa and an associated 309 acres (1.25 km<sup>2</sup>) in 1996, taking it back under Cherokee control.(see below "reclamation")<sup id="cite_ref-motherTown_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motherTown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colonial_and_early_federal_period">Colonial and early federal period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kituwa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial and early federal period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Cherokee_War" title="Anglo-Cherokee War">Anglo-Cherokee War</a> (1758–1761), <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> forces under <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">general</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Grant_(British_Army_officer,_born_1720)" title="James Grant (British Army officer, born 1720)">James Grant</a> destroyed the town of Kituwa during the Cherokee-Anglo War, which was caused by the settlers of Virginia killing several Cherokee auxiliaries and selling their scalps. (The Cherokee-Anglo War began in late 1759 after approximately four years of increased hostilities due to British failure to meet treaty terms, settler encroachment, and shortages of pay to Cherokee auxiliaries who had fought in the Forbes expedition against Fort Duquesne.) </p><p>Kituwa's survivors migrated westward across the Appalachian Mountains, settling in <i>Mialoquo</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mialoquo_(Cherokee_town)" title="Mialoquo (Cherokee town)">Great Island Town</a>) on the lower <a href="/wiki/Little_Tennessee_River" title="Little Tennessee River">Little Tennessee River</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Overhill_Cherokee" title="Overhill Cherokee">Overhill Cherokee</a>. A later headman of this group was <a href="/wiki/Dragging_Canoe" title="Dragging Canoe">Dragging Canoe</a>, son of <i><a href="/wiki/Attakullakulla" title="Attakullakulla">Attakullakulla</a></i>. During and after the American Revolutionary War, when he led his warriors southwest to continue fighting the colonists of Upper East Tennessee, the entire population went with him, including those formerly of Kituwa.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1819 the Cherokee lost control of the Kituwa area after being forced to make treaties and land cessions in this area to the United States. In the late 1830s most Cherokee in the Southeast were <a href="/wiki/Indian_removal" title="Indian removal">forcibly removed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a>, walking overland on the <a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a> to <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>. Descendants of those who remained in this area later organized and were federally recognized in 1868 as the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Band of Cherokee">Eastern Band of Cherokee</a>, based in Western North Carolina. They are the only federally recognized tribe in the state, and one of three Cherokee tribes. The other two are in what is now the state of Oklahoma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th-century_reclamation">20th-century reclamation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kituwa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th-century reclamation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996 the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Band of Cherokee">Eastern Band of Cherokee</a> purchased the Kituwah mound and village site, a total of 309 acres (1.25 km<sup>2</sup>). Their 1997 archaeological survey of Kituwah revealed thousands of <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artifacts</a>, evidence of thousands of years of human habitation at this site.<sup id="cite_ref-cooper_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cooper-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the evidence of settlement was an early 18th-century Cherokee town, which occupied 65 acres (260,000 m<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-motherTown_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motherTown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cherokee have debated how to use the land. Initially some EBCI members wanted to develop the property for community uses. Since then they have had additional, non-invasive archaeological surveys conducted by use of a gradiometer. These revealed 15 <a href="/wiki/Burial" title="Burial">burials</a>. There is a likelihood of up to 1000 burials, as it was the Cherokee custom for people to be buried in the village where they lived.<sup id="cite_ref-cooper_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cooper-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This survey also revealed the location of many <a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">hearth</a> sites, including one at the center of the town. This would likely have been associated with the sacred fire of the townhouse on the mound.<sup id="cite_ref-pluralismkituwah_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pluralismkituwah-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on these discoveries, more Cherokee citizens believe that the sacred nature of the site requires that it be left undisturbed. They are planning uses associated with community wellness and renewal. The Eastern Cherokee have sponsored two youth retreats at the site, which highlighted traditional ways of spiritual expression.<sup id="cite_ref-pluralismkituwah_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pluralismkituwah-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Duke_Energy_controversy_in_2010">Duke Energy controversy in 2010</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kituwa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Duke Energy controversy in 2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 21st century, Duke Energy announced plans to build a $52 million <a href="/wiki/Electrical_substation" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical substation">substation</a> near the Kituwah mound. Both Swain County and the Eastern Cherokee opposed this project; the county asked for a moratorium on such projects until it could consider zoning ordinances to regulate them. But the state Utilities Commission has the power to override local ordinances in order to achieve its mission of supplying electricity at reasonable rates.<sup id="cite_ref-ct_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ct-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 4, 2010, the Eastern Cherokee Tribal Council passed a resolution opposing the project, stating, </p> <blockquote><p>It is this Tribe's solemn responsibility and moral duty to care for and protect all of Kituwah from further desecration and degradation by human agency in order to preserve the integrity of the most important site for the origination and continuation of Cherokee culture, heritage, history and identity.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In March 2010, Swain County passed a resolution calling for a 90-day moratorium to stop construction of Duke Energy's project until they could better consult. On April 23, 2010, the North Carolina Utilities Commission denied Duke Energy's "Motion to Hold Complaint in Abeyance." It directed Duke to file an answer to the complaint on or before May 10, 2010. Duke agreed to halt the construction that threatened Kituwah for 90 days until the complaint was heard.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2010 the Swain County commission passed an ordinance requiring Duke Energy to consult with local stakeholders about projects, which they had not originally done in this case.<sup id="cite_ref-chavez1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chavez1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2010, after continued consultation, Duke agreed to move the proposed Hyatt Creek tie station away from sight of the Kituwa mound. The Cherokee tribes and leaders of Swain County praised Duke Energy for their consultation on this project and this outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-chavez1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chavez1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditions">Traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kituwa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cherokee oral traditions say that all Cherokee settled in <i>Kituwa</i> after the migration from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> as early as 4,000 years ago. Cultural and archaeological evidence support the people's accounts of their migration, but there is no scholarly consensus about when they reached the Southeast and formed the culture recognized as Cherokee.<sup id="cite_ref-mooney19002006_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mooney19002006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancient Cherokee had a <a href="/wiki/Hereditary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary">hereditary</a> <a href="/wiki/Priesthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood">priesthood</a>, called the <i><a href="/wiki/Ah-ni-ku-ta-ni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ah-ni-ku-ta-ni">Ah-ni-ku-ta-ni</a></i>, a structure that may have been adopted from another tribe. According to research by early 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Ethnographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnographer">ethnographer</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Mooney" title="James Mooney">James Mooney</a>, the Cherokee held the <i>Ah-ni-ku-ta-ni</i> "in awe" and "greatly feared them."<sup id="cite_ref-mooney19002006_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mooney19002006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were not the regular chiefs. These were of two types, known as the <i>uguku</i> (owls), or "white" chiefs (sometimes identified as those who worked for peace or during times of peace), and the <i>kolona</i> (ravens), or "red" chiefs (identified as those who led in times of war.)<sup id="cite_ref-mooney19002006_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mooney19002006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some traditional Cherokee identify by the <a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">autonym</a> of <i>Ah-ni-ki-tu-wa-gi</i> (spelled variously in local Oklahoma dialects as <i>Ki-tu-wa</i> or <i>Gi-du-wa</i>), meaning Kituwa people. The meaning of the word <i>Kituwa</i> is known to contemporary Cherokee speakers. It is not widely reported because of its <a href="/wiki/Sacred" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred">sacred</a> nature. Other known etymologies for Kituwah stem from "Ga-Du-Hv," which is the word for a town which is derived from the root "Ga-du" meaning "to gather," with a past tense locative suffix indicating "Place Where They Were Gathered." The name is in reference to its role as one of the mother towns of the Cherokee Nation. </p><p>Honoring the "mother town" was analogous to honoring <i><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_mythology#Other_venerated_spirits" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee mythology">Selu</a></i>, the Cherokee <a href="/wiki/Corn_Mother" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn Mother">Corn Mother</a> (of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Ceremony" title="Green Corn Ceremony">Green Corn Ceremony</a> and many other connections). Honoring mothers is a concept that is pervasive in Cherokee culture. Well into the 20th century, the Cherokee had a <a href="/wiki/Matrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrilineal">matrilineal</a> kinship system, by which <a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">clan</a> membership, inheritance and status were carried by the mother's family. A child was considered born into its mother's family and clan.<sup id="cite_ref-mooney19001995_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mooney19001995-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Ceremony" title="Green Corn Ceremony">Green Corn Ceremony</a>, one of the two social dances performed is of ancient origin. It may have been practiced in the mother town of Kituwa. The dance is called <i>ye-lu-le</i>, which means "to the center". During it, all of the dancers shout <i>ye-lu-le</i> and move toward the fire in the center of the dance circle. This dance symbolizes the dispersal of the sacred fire given to the people, according to their ancient legends. During Green Corn ceremonies in traditional <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_society" title="Cherokee society">Cherokee society</a>, the coals of new fire were carried to all the Cherokee. They were used to kindle the ceremonial fires in each town before any of the new corn could be eaten. The home fires in outlying Cherokee communities were extinguished before the ceremonies and relit from the coals of the fire kindled during the Green Corn Dances.<sup id="cite_ref-mooney19001995_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mooney19001995-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kituwa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Kituwah_Academy" title="New Kituwah Academy">New Kituwah Academy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kituwa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nris-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nris_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. July 9, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2010-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKituwa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moore-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-moore_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antiquity.ac.uk/ProjGall/moore/index.html">David G. Moore, Robin A. Beck, Jr., and Christopher B. Rodning, "Joara and Fort San Juan: culture contact at the edge of the world"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724171011/http://antiquity.ac.uk/ProjGall/moore/index.html">Archived</a> 2011-07-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Antiquity</i>, Vol. 78, No. 229, Mar. 2004, accessed 26 Jun 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-motherTown-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-motherTown_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motherTown_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motherTown_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-motherTown_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/Cherokee/News2000/Apr2000/UBK000416Kituwah.htm">"Proposed Development of Kituwah 'Mother Town' of the Cherokee, Debated"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719014643/http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/Cherokee/News2000/Apr2000/UBK000416Kituwah.htm">Archived</a> 2011-07-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Cherokee Nations News</i>, 20 Apr 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pluralismkituwah-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pluralismkituwah_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pluralismkituwah_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pluralismkituwah_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pluralism.org/research/profiles/display.php?profile=73334">"Kituwah Mound, NC (Eastern Cherokee), 2004"</a>, <i>The Pluralism Project</i>, Harvard University, accessed 3 Mar 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chavez-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chavez_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chavez_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChavez2016" class="citation web cs1">Chavez, Will (March 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cherokeephoenix.org/Article/index/10143">"EBCI ancestors remained east for various reasons"</a>. <i>Cherokee Phoenix</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cherokee+Phoenix&rft.atitle=EBCI+ancestors+remained+east+for+various+reasons&rft.date=2016-03-25&rft.aulast=Chavez&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cherokeephoenix.org%2FArticle%2Findex%2F10143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKituwa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klink, Karl, and James Talman, ed. <i>The Journal of Major John Norton</i>. (Toronto: Champlain Society, 1970), p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cooper-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cooper_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cooper_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2009" class="citation journal cs1">Cooper, Andrea (Fall 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200523235652/https://www.archaeologicalconservancy.org/?wpfb_dl=64">"Embracing Archeology"</a>. <i>American Archeology</i>. <b>13</b> (3). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archaeologicalconservancy.org/?wpfb_dl=64">the original</a> on May 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Archeology&rft.atitle=Embracing+Archeology&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeologicalconservancy.org%2F%3Fwpfb_dl%3D64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKituwa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ct-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ct_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeal2015" class="citation news cs1">Neal, Dale (May 31, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2015/05/31/isaac-dickson-parents-protest-duke-plans-substation/28282751/">"School parents worry about substation"</a>. <i>Citizen Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Citizen+Times&rft.atitle=School+parents+worry+about+substation&rft.date=2015-05-31&rft.aulast=Neal&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizen-times.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2015%2F05%2F31%2Fisaac-dickson-parents-protest-duke-plans-substation%2F28282751%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKituwa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nc-cherokee.com/onefeather/2010/02/08/tribe-opposes-substation-at-kituwah-site/">"Tribe opposes Substation at Kituwah Site"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <i>Cherokee One Feather</i>, SCOTT MCKIE B.P., accessed 9 Feb 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.savekituwahvalley.com/">"Citizens to Protect Kituwah Valley"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706081932/http://www.savekituwahvalley.com/">Archived</a> July 6, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Save Kituwah Valley</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chavez1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chavez1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chavez1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChavez2010" class="citation web cs1">Chavez, Will (August 6, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cherokeephoenix.org/Article/index/3937">"Duke Energy to move tie station from Kituwah area"</a>. <i>Cherokee Phoenix</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cherokee+Phoenix&rft.atitle=Duke+Energy+to+move+tie+station+from+Kituwah+area&rft.date=2010-08-06&rft.aulast=Chavez&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cherokeephoenix.org%2FArticle%2Findex%2F3937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKituwa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mooney19002006-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mooney19002006_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mooney19002006_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mooney19002006_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooney2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mooney" title="James Mooney">Mooney, James</a> (2006) [1900]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9HDbWUX71joC"><i>Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees</i></a>. Kessinger Publishing. p. 393. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4286-4864-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4286-4864-7"><bdi>978-1-4286-4864-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myths+of+the+Cherokee+and+Sacred+Formulas+of+the+Cherokees&rft.pages=393&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4286-4864-7&rft.aulast=Mooney&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9HDbWUX71joC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKituwa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mooney19001995-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mooney19001995_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mooney19001995_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooney1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mooney" title="James Mooney">Mooney, James</a> (1995) [1900]. <i>Myths of the Cherokee</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-28907-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-28907-9"><bdi>0-486-28907-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myths+of+the+Cherokee&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-486-28907-9&rft.aulast=Mooney&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKituwa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kituwa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nc-cherokee.com/">Eastern Band of Cherokee - official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810225337/http://cherokeepreservationfdn.org/pr_032306a.html">Cherokee Preservation Foundation</a></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukb-nsn.gov/">United Keetoowah "United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians"</a>, official website]</span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_North_Carolina" title="Template:National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_North_Carolina" title="Template talk:National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_North_Carolina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_North_Carolina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a> in <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/50px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/75px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/100px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="720" /></span></span><br /><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_USA_NC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Map_of_USA_NC.svg/100px-Map_of_USA_NC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Map_of_USA_NC.svg/151px-Map_of_USA_NC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Map_of_USA_NC.svg/200px-Map_of_USA_NC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="186" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists<br />by county</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alamance_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alamance County, North Carolina">Alamance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alexander_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alexander County, North Carolina">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alleghany_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alleghany County, North Carolina">Alleghany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Anson_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Anson County, North Carolina">Anson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ashe_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ashe County, North Carolina">Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Avery_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Avery County, North Carolina">Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Beaufort_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Beaufort County, North Carolina">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Bertie_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Bertie County, North Carolina">Bertie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Bladen_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Bladen County, North Carolina">Bladen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Brunswick_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Brunswick County, North Carolina">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Buncombe_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Buncombe County, North Carolina">Buncombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Burke_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Burke County, North Carolina">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cabarrus_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cabarrus County, North Carolina">Cabarrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Caldwell_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Caldwell County, North Carolina">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Camden_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Camden County, North Carolina">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Carteret_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Carteret County, North Carolina">Carteret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Caswell_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Caswell County, North Carolina">Caswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Catawba_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Catawba County, North Carolina">Catawba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chatham_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Chatham County, North Carolina">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cherokee_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cherokee County, North Carolina">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Chowan_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Chowan County, North Carolina">Chowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Clay_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Clay County, North Carolina">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cleveland_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cleveland County, North Carolina">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Columbus_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Columbus County, North Carolina">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Craven_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Craven County, North Carolina">Craven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cumberland_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Cumberland County, North Carolina">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Currituck_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Currituck County, North Carolina">Currituck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Dare_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Dare County, North Carolina">Dare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Davidson_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Davidson County, North Carolina">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Davie_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Davie County, North Carolina">Davie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Duplin_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Duplin County, North Carolina">Duplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Durham_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Durham County, North Carolina">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Edgecombe_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Edgecombe County, North Carolina">Edgecombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Forsyth_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Forsyth County, North Carolina">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Franklin_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, North Carolina">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Gaston_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Gaston County, North Carolina">Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Gates_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Gates County, North Carolina">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Graham_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Graham County, North Carolina">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Granville_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Granville County, North Carolina">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Greene_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Greene County, North Carolina">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Guilford_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Guilford County, North Carolina">Guilford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Halifax_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Halifax County, North Carolina">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Harnett_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Harnett County, North Carolina">Harnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Haywood_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Haywood County, North Carolina">Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Henderson_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Henderson County, North Carolina">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hertford_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hertford County, North Carolina">Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hoke_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hoke County, North Carolina">Hoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hyde_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hyde County, North Carolina">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Iredell_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Iredell County, North Carolina">Iredell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jackson_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Jackson County, North Carolina">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Johnston_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Johnston County, North Carolina">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jones_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Jones County, North Carolina">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lee_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Lee County, North Carolina">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lenoir_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Lenoir County, North Carolina">Lenoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lincoln_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Lincoln County, North Carolina">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Macon_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Macon County, North Carolina">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Madison_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, North Carolina">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Martin_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Martin County, North Carolina">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_McDowell_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in McDowell County, North Carolina">McDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina">Mecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mitchell_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Mitchell County, North Carolina">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montgomery_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Montgomery County, North Carolina">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Moore_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Moore County, North Carolina">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nash_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nash County, North Carolina">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Hanover_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hanover County, North Carolina">New Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Northampton_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Northampton County, North Carolina">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Onslow_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Onslow County, North Carolina">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Orange_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, North Carolina">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pamlico_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pamlico County, North Carolina">Pamlico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pasquotank_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pasquotank County, North Carolina">Pasquotank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pender_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pender County, North Carolina">Pender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Perquimans_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Perquimans County, North Carolina">Perquimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Person_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Person County, North Carolina">Person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pitt_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pitt County, North Carolina">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Polk_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Polk County, North Carolina">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Randolph_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Randolph County, North Carolina">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Richmond_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Richmond County, North Carolina">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Robeson_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Robeson County, North Carolina">Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rockingham_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockingham County, North Carolina">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rowan_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rowan County, North Carolina">Rowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rutherford_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rutherford County, North Carolina">Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Sampson_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Sampson County, North Carolina">Sampson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Scotland_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Scotland County, North Carolina">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Stanly_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Stanly County, North Carolina">Stanly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Stokes_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Stokes County, North Carolina">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Surry_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Surry County, North Carolina">Surry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Swain_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Swain County, North Carolina">Swain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Transylvania_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Transylvania County, North Carolina">Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tyrrell_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tyrrell County, North Carolina">Tyrrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Union_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Union County, North Carolina">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Vance_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Vance County, North Carolina">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wake_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wake County, North Carolina">Wake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Warren_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Warren County, North Carolina">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, North Carolina">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Watauga_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Watauga County, North Carolina">Watauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wayne_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wayne County, North Carolina">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wilkes_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wilkes County, North Carolina">Wilkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wilson_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wilson County, North Carolina">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Yadkin_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Yadkin County, North Carolina">Yadkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Yancey_County,_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Yancey County, North Carolina">Yancey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_North_Carolina" title="List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_North_Carolina" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in North Carolina">National Historic Landmarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cherokee" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cherokee" title="Template:Cherokee"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cherokee" title="Template talk:Cherokee"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cherokee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cherokee"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cherokee" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians">Eastern Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Keetoowah_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians">United Keetoowah Band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_society" title="Cherokee society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_National_Holiday" title="Cherokee National Holiday">National holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_calendar" title="Cherokee calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_clans" title="Cherokee clans">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Principal_Chiefs_of_the_Cherokee" title="List of Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee">Chiefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadugi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadugi">Gadugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghigau" title="Ghigau">Ghigau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Ceremony" title="Green Corn Ceremony">Green Corn Ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cherokee_language" title="History of the Cherokee language">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_(Unicode_block)" title="Cherokee (Unicode block)">Cherokee (Unicode block)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Supplement" title="Cherokee Supplement">Cherokee Supplement (Unicode block)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Immersion_School" title="Cherokee Immersion School">Cherokee Immersion School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kituwah_Academy" title="New Kituwah Academy">New Kituwah Academy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_marbles" title="Cherokee marbles">Marbles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_spiritual_beliefs" title="Cherokee spiritual beliefs">Spiritual beliefs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon-eyed_people" title="Moon-eyed people">Moon-eyed people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_ethnobotany" title="Cherokee ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Black drink">Black drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanuchi" title="Kanuchi">Kanuchi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomp_dance" title="Stomp dance">Stomp dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booger_dance" title="Booger dance">Booger dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Cherokee_Nation" title="Flag of the Cherokee Nation">Flag of the Cherokee Nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ani_Hyuntikwalaski" title="Ani Hyuntikwalaski">Ani Hyuntikwalaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Woman" title="Deer Woman">Deer Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_Serpent" title="Horned Serpent">Horned Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon-eyed_people" title="Moon-eyed people">Moon-eyed people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun%27Yunu%27Wi" title="Nun'Yunu'Wi">Nun'Yunu'Wi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BB%C3%B1n%C3%AB%27h%C3%AF" title="Nûñnë'hï">Nûñnë'hï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raven_Mocker" title="Raven Mocker">Kâ'lanû Ahkyeli'skï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfinger" title="Spearfinger">U'tlun'ta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsul_%27Kalu" title="Tsul 'Kalu">Tsul 'Kalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_history" title="Cherokee history">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cherokee_history" title="Timeline of Cherokee history">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_military_history" title="Cherokee military history">military</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_treaties" title="Cherokee treaties">Treaties</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kituwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ani-kutani" title="Ani-kutani">Ani-kutani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiagusta" title="Skiagusta">skiagusta (rank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsidihi" class="mw-redirect" title="Utsidihi">outacite (rank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raven_of_Chota" title="Raven of Chota">Raven of Chota</a></li> <li>Wars <ul><li>Tribal Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taliwa" title="Battle of Taliwa">Battle of Taliwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Cherokee_War" title="Anglo-Cherokee War">Anglo-Cherokee War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Loudoun" title="Siege of Fort Loudoun">Siege of Fort Loudoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Echoee" title="Battle of Echoee">Battle of Echoee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_War_of_1776" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherokee War of 1776">Cherokee War of 1776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee%E2%80%93American_wars" title="Cherokee–American wars">Cherokee–American wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hightower" title="Battle of Hightower">Battle of Hightower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lindley%27s_Fort" title="Battle of Lindley's Fort">Battle of Lindley's Fort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickajack_Expedition" title="Nickajack Expedition">Nickajack Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cherokee in the American Civil War">American Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Cherokee_Mounted_Rifles" title="1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles">1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_treaties" title="Cherokee treaties">Cherokee treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_New_Echota" title="Treaty of New Echota">Treaty of New Echota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tellico" title="Treaty of Tellico">Treaty of Tellico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkeytown" title="Treaty of Turkeytown">Treaty of Turkeytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Dewitt%27s_Corner" title="Treaty of Dewitt's Corner">Treaty of Dewitt's Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hard_Labour" title="Treaty of Hard Labour">Treaty of Hard Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lochaber" title="Treaty of Lochaber">Treaty of Lochaber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hopewell" title="Treaty of Hopewell">Treaty of Hopewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Holston" title="Treaty of Holston">Treaty of Holston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_and_McMinn_Treaty" title="Jackson and McMinn Treaty">Jackson and McMinn Treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvania_Colony" title="Transylvania Colony">Transylvania Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickamauga_Cherokee" title="Chickamauga Cherokee">Chickamauga Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhill_Cherokee" title="Overhill Cherokee">Overhill Cherokee</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Phoenix" title="Cherokee Phoenix">Cherokee Phoenix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_(1794%E2%80%931907)" title="Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)">Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_removal" title="Cherokee removal">Removal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act" title="Indian Removal Act">Indian Removal Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_descent" title="Cherokee descent">Cherokee descent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Brown_Grant_Deeds" title="Jacob Brown Grant Deeds">Jacob Brown Grant Deeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Cherokees" title="Texas Cherokees">Texas Cherokees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Heritage_Center" title="Cherokee Heritage Center">Heritage Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Preservation_Foundation" title="Cherokee Preservation Foundation">Cherokee Preservation Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_Warriors_Society" title="Cherokee Nation Warriors Society">Warriors Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Keetoowah_Society" title="Original Keetoowah Society">Original Keetoowah Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetoowah_Nighthawk_Society" title="Keetoowah Nighthawk Society">Keetoowah Nighthawk Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_National_Youth_Choir" title="Cherokee National Youth Choir">Youth Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_heritage_groups" title="Cherokee heritage groups">Heritage groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Southwest_Township_(Albuquerque,_New_Mexico)" title="Cherokee Southwest Township (Albuquerque, New Mexico)">Cherokee Southwest Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oconaluftee_Indian_Village" title="Oconaluftee Indian Village">Oconaluftee Indian Village</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Unto_These_Hills" title="Unto These Hills">Unto These Hills</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Education <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Female_Seminary" title="Cherokee Female Seminary">Female Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Male_Seminary" title="Cherokee Male Seminary">Male Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Central_Schools" title="Cherokee Central Schools">Cherokee Central Schools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_High_School_(North_Carolina)" title="Cherokee High School (North Carolina)">Cherokee High School</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sequoyah Schools <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah_High_School_(Cherokee_County,_Oklahoma)" title="Sequoyah High School (Cherokee County, Oklahoma)">Sequoyah High School</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Chiefs_of_the_Cherokee" class="mw-redirect" title="Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee">Principal Chiefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Law" title="Blood Law">Blood Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerindian_slave_ownership#Cherokee" title="Amerindian slave ownership">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1842_Slave_Revolt_in_the_Cherokee_Nation" title="1842 Slave Revolt in the Cherokee Nation">1842 revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_freedmen_controversy" title="Cherokee freedmen controversy">freedmen controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_v._Georgia" title="Cherokee Nation v. Georgia">Cherokee Nation v. Georgia</a></i> (1831)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Worcester_v._Georgia" title="Worcester v. Georgia">Worcester v. Georgia</a></i> (1832)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cherokee_Tobacco" title="The Cherokee Tobacco">The Cherokee Tobacco</a> case</i> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_of_Oklahoma_v._Leavitt" title="Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma v. Leavitt">Cherokee Nation v. Leavitt</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Commission" title="Cherokee Commission">Cherokee Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Outlet" title="Cherokee Outlet">Cherokee Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Strip_(Kansas)" title="Cherokee Strip (Kansas)">in Kansas</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah_Constitutional_Convention" title="Sequoyah Constitutional Convention">Sequoyah Constitutional Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns and<br /> villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Cherokee_settlements" title="Historic Cherokee settlements">Cherokee Towns (pre-Removal)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_(Tennessee)" title="Long Island (Tennessee)">Amoyeligunahita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasstown,_North_Carolina" title="Brasstown, North Carolina">Brasstown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chatuga_(Cherokee_town)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chatuga (Cherokee town) (page does not exist)">Chatuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilhowee_(Cherokee_town)" title="Chilhowee (Cherokee town)">Chilhowee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chota_(Cherokee_town)" title="Chota (Cherokee town)">Chota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conasauga,_Georgia" title="Conasauga, Georgia">Conasauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Too-Cowee" title="Too-Cowee">Cowee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coyotee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coyotee (page does not exist)">Coyotee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crowtown,_Alabama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crowtown, Alabama (page does not exist)">Crowtown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dirt_town_(Cherokee_town)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirt town (Cherokee town) (page does not exist)">Dirt town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducktown,_Tennessee" title="Ducktown, Tennessee">Ducktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome,_Georgia" title="Rome, Georgia">Etowah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogtown_Creek" title="Frogtown Creek">Frogtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hiwassee" title="Great Hiwassee">Hiwassee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwassee_Island" title="Hiwassee Island">Hiwassee Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Island_town_(Cherokee_town)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Island town (Cherokee town) (page does not exist)">Island town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isunigu" title="Isunigu">Isunigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joara" title="Joara">Joara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keowee" title="Keowee">Keowee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kituwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugartown" title="Sugartown">Kulsetsiyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Swamp_Site" title="Long Swamp Site">Long Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mialoquo_(Cherokee_town)" title="Mialoquo (Cherokee town)">Mialoquo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacoochee_Mound" title="Nacoochee Mound">Nacoochee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantahala,_North_Carolina" title="Nantahala, North Carolina">Nantahala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Echota" title="New Echota">New</a><a href="/wiki/New_Town,_Georgia" title="New Town, Georgia">Echota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickajack" title="Nickajack">Nickajack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikwasi" title="Nikwasi">Nikwasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nununyi" title="Nununyi">Nununyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocoee,_Tennessee" title="Ocoee, Tennessee">Ocoee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oconee_County,_South_Carolina" title="Oconee County, South Carolina">Oconee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oostanaula,_Georgia" title="Oostanaula, Georgia">Oostanaula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Clay,_Georgia" title="Red Clay, Georgia">Red Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citico_(Cherokee_town)" title="Citico (Cherokee town)">Settico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spikebuck_Town_Mound_and_Village_Site" title="Spikebuck Town Mound and Village Site">Spike Bucktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallassee_(Cherokee_town)" title="Tallassee (Cherokee town)">Talisi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talulah_(Cherokee_town)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talulah (Cherokee town) (page does not exist)">Talulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanasi" title="Tanasi">Tanasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Tellico" title="Great Tellico">Tellico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomassee_(Cherokee_town)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomassee (Cherokee town) (page does not exist)">Tomassee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomotley" title="Tomotley">Tomotley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toqua_(Tennessee)" title="Toqua (Tennessee)">Toqua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toxoway_(Cherokee_town)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toxoway (Cherokee town) (page does not exist)">Toxoway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Elmo_Historic_District_(Chattanooga,_Tennessee)" title="St. Elmo Historic District (Chattanooga, Tennessee)">Tsatanugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuckasegee,_North_Carolina" title="Tuckasegee, North Carolina">Tuckasegee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugaloo" title="Tugaloo">Tugaloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkeytown_(Cherokee_town)" title="Turkeytown (Cherokee town)">Turkeytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtletown,_Tennessee" title="Turtletown, Tennessee">Turtletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_(Cherokee_town)" title="Tuskegee (Cherokee town)">Tuskegee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteside,_Tennessee" title="Whiteside, Tennessee">Running Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willstown_(Cherokee_town)" title="Willstown (Cherokee town)">Titsohili</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_(1794%E2%80%931907)" title="Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)">Cherokee Nations</a></li> <li>Western Cherokee Nation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahlequah,_Oklahoma" title="Tahlequah, Oklahoma">Tahlequah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahlonteeskee,_Oklahoma" title="Tahlonteeskee, Oklahoma">Tahlonteeskee</a></li></ul></li> <li>Eastern Band <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee,_North_Carolina" title="Cherokee, North Carolina">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualla_Boundary" title="Qualla Boundary">Qualla Boundary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks and<br /> memorial sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_National_Capitol" title="Cherokee National Capitol">Cherokee National Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Removal_Memorial_Park" title="Cherokee Removal Memorial Park">Cherokee Removal Memorial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chieftains_Museum" title="Chieftains Museum">Chieftains Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Cherokee_Female_Seminary_Site" title="First Cherokee Female Seminary Site">First Cherokee Female Seminary Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaculla_Rock" title="Judaculla Rock">Judaculla Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_(Tennessee)" title="Long Island (Tennessee)">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_House_(Rossville,_Georgia)" title="John Ross House (Rossville, Georgia)">John Ross House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross%27s_Landing" title="Ross's Landing">Ross's Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah%27s_Cabin" title="Sequoyah's Cabin">Sequoyah's Cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellico_Blockhouse" title="Tellico Blockhouse">Tellico Blockhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears_State_Park" title="Trail of Tears State Park">Trail of Tears State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainerd_Mission" title="Brainerd Mission">Brainerd Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattlesnake_Springs" title="Rattlesnake Springs">Rattlesnake Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Cass" title="Fort Cass">Fort Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Clay_State_Historic_Park" title="Red Clay State Historic Park">Red Clay State Historic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_Conrad_Cabin" title="Hair Conrad Cabin">Hair Conrad Cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Ward_Tomb" title="Nancy Ward Tomb">Nancy Ward Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blythe_Ferry" title="Blythe Ferry">Blythe Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bussell_Island" title="Bussell Island">Bussell Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Vann_House_Historic_Site" title="Chief Vann House Historic Site">Chief Vann House Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_Rock_Archeological_District" title="Mantle Rock Archeological District">Mantle Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Cherokee_People" title="Museum of the Cherokee People">Museum of the Cherokee People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Untokiasdiyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Stone_State_Park" title="Standing Stone State Park">Standing</a> <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_Tennessee" title="Monterey, Tennessee">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_Ground,_Georgia" title="Ball Ground, Georgia">Stick Ball Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullasaja_River" title="Cullasaja River">Cullasaja River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuckasegee_River" title="Tuckasegee River">Tuckasegee River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oconaluftee_(Great_Smoky_Mountains)" title="Oconaluftee (Great Smoky Mountains)">Oconaluftee valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oconaluftee_River" title="Oconaluftee River">Oconaluftee River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abrams_Creek_(Tennessee)" title="Abrams Creek (Tennessee)">Abrams Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycamore_Shoals" title="Sycamore Shoals">Sycamore Shoals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_Path" title="Trading Path">The Great Trading Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Indian_Warpath" title="Great Indian Warpath">The Great War Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwassee_River_Heritage_Center" title="Hiwassee River Heritage Center">Hiwassee River Heritage Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatata" title="Chatata">Chatata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townsend,_Tennessee" title="Townsend, Tennessee">Tuckaleechee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Smith National Historic Site"> Fort Smith Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Royal_State_Park" title="Port Royal State Park">Port Royal State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Civilized_Tribes_Museum" title="Five Civilized Tribes Museum">Five Civilized Tribes Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy,_North_Carolina" title="Murphy, North Carolina">Tlanusiyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Path" title="Cherokee Path">Cherokee Path</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Early leaders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moytoy_of_Tellico" title="Moytoy of Tellico">Moytoy of Tellico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attakullakulla" title="Attakullakulla">Attakullakulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amouskositte" title="Amouskositte">Amouskositte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conocotocko_I" title="Conocotocko I">Old Hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moytoy_of_Citico" title="Moytoy of Citico">Moytoy of Citico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conocotocko_II" title="Conocotocko II">Standing Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostenaco" title="Ostenaco">Outacite of Keowee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oconostota" title="Oconostota">Oconostota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savanukah" title="Savanukah">Savanukah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Tassel" title="Old Tassel">Old Tassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Turkey" title="Little Turkey">Little Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragging_Canoe" title="Dragging Canoe">Dragging Canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Watts_(Cherokee_chief)" title="John Watts (Cherokee chief)">Kunokeski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doublehead" title="Doublehead">Incalatanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagwadihi" title="Tagwadihi">Tagwadihi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherokee Nation East (1794–1839) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Fox_(Cherokee_chief)" title="Black Fox (Cherokee chief)">Enola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathkiller" title="Pathkiller">Pathkiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Tiger" title="Big Tiger">Big Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Hicks" title="Charles R. Hicks">Charles R. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hicks_(Cherokee_chief)" title="William Hicks (Cherokee chief)">William Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Cherokee_chief)" title="John Ross (Cherokee chief)">John Ross</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherokee Nation West (1810–1839) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bowl_(Cherokee_chief)" title="The Bowl (Cherokee chief)">The Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takatoka" title="Takatoka">Degadoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahlonteeskee_(Cherokee_chief)" title="Tahlonteeskee (Cherokee chief)">Tahlonteeskee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jolly" title="John Jolly">John Jolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Sam Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Looney_(Cherokee_chief)" title="John Looney (Cherokee chief)">John Looney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rogers_(Cherokee_chief)" title="John Rogers (Cherokee chief)">John Rogers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (1824–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yonaguska" title="Yonaguska">Yonaguska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holland_Thomas" title="William Holland Thomas">William Holland Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Jarrett_Smith" title="Nimrod Jarrett Smith">Tsaladihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Parker" title="Gerard Parker">Gerard Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Dugan" title="Joyce Dugan">Joyce Dugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lambert" title="Patrick Lambert">Patrick Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sneed" title="Richard Sneed">Richard Sneed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory (1839–1907) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Downing" title="Lewis Downing">Lewis Downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_Watie" title="Stand Watie">Degataga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Ross" title="William P. Ross">William P. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thompson_(Cherokee_chief)" title="Charles Thompson (Cherokee chief)">Utselata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Bushyhead" title="Dennis Bushyhead">Dennis Bushyhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_B._Mayes" title="Joel B. Mayes">Joel B. Mayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Harris" title="Johnson Harris">Johnson Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Houston_Mayes" title="Samuel Houston Mayes">Samuel Houston Mayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Buffington" title="Thomas Buffington">Thomas Buffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Rogers" title="William Charles Rogers">William Charles Rogers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherokee Nation (1975–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Milam" title="J. B. Milam">J. B. Milam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._W._Keeler" title="W. W. Keeler">W. W. Keeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Swimmer" title="Ross Swimmer">Ross Swimmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Byrd_(Cherokee_Nation_Principal_Chief)" title="Joe Byrd (Cherokee Nation Principal Chief)">Joe Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Smith_(politician)" title="Chad Smith (politician)">Chadwick "Corntassel" Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_John_Baker" title="Bill John Baker">Bill John Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hoskin_Jr." title="Chuck Hoskin Jr.">Chuck Hoskin Jr.</a></li></ul></li> <li>United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (1939–present) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_L._Gordon_(Cherokee_chief)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James L. Gordon (Cherokee chief) (page does not exist)">James L. Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hair_(Cherokee_chief)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hair (Cherokee chief) (page does not exist)">John W. Hair</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other notable Cherokee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Ward" title="Nancy Ward">Nancy Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsali" title="Tsali">Tsali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahlonteeskee_(Cherokee_warrior)" title="Tahlonteeskee (Cherokee warrior)">Tahlonteeskee (warrior)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle-at-Home" title="Turtle-at-Home">Turtle-at-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junaluska" title="Junaluska">Junaluska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goingsnake" title="Goingsnake">Goingsnake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Boudinot_(Cherokee)" title="Elias Boudinot (Cherokee)">Elias Boudinot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wauhatchie" title="Wauhatchie">Wauhatchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Vann" title="James Vann">James Vann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Vann_(Cherokee_leader)" title="David Vann (Cherokee leader)">David Vann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vann" title="Joseph Vann">Joseph Vann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Benge" title="Bob Benge">Bob Benge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitepath" title="Whitepath">Nunnahitsunega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Christie" title="Ned Christie">Ned Christie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Martin_(judge)" title="John Martin (judge)">John Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin" title="Markwayne Mullin">Markwayne Mullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Herrell" title="Yvette Herrell">Yvette Herrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoyah" title="Sequoyah">Sequoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Ridge" title="Major Ridge">Major Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_McIntosh" title="Jenny McIntosh">Jenny McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Sixkiller" title="Sam Sixkiller">Sam Sixkiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_V._Rogers" title="Clement V. Rogers">Clement V. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbird_Smith" title="Redbird Smith">Redbird Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durbin_Feeling" title="Durbin Feeling">Durbin Feeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Shade" title="Hastings Shade">Hastings Shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_Teehee" title="Kimberly Teehee">Kimberly Teehee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawna_Baker" title="Shawna Baker">Shawna Baker</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also: <a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="chr:">Cherokee-language Wikipedia</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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