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<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>Home | NSF - National Science Foundation</title> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=11"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/resources/assets/images/statistics/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/resources/assets/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff2?v=4.7.0" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/assets/css/pages/statistics/bootstrap.min.css"> <script src="/resources/assets/js/pages/statistics/statistics.concat.js"></script> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/resources/assets/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff2?v=4.7.0" crossorigin="true"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/assets/css/pages/statistics/content-page.css?v=1.135.1"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="cAe4Q_OBB2fX1DsI27xm9Cv7B7qN7ezkQiyIaWHCExw"> </head> <body class="container-fluid"> <a role="link" id="skip-link" tabindex="0" class="sr-only skip-link">Skip to Main Content</a> <header id="main-header" class="header"> <div id="main-header-container" class="main-header-container"> <div class="header-banner"> <div class="banner-icon-block header"> <a class="logo-link nsf-logo" href="https://www.nsf.gov/" tabindex="0" rel="noopener"> <img src="/resources/assets/images/master-template/nsf-logo.svg" alt="National Science Foundation home"> </a> <img aria-hidden="true" src="/resources/assets/images/master-template/pipe.svg" alt="Separator"> <a class="logo-link ncses-logo" href="/" tabindex="0" rel="noopener"> <img src="/resources/assets/images/master-template/ncses-logo.svg" alt="National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics home"> </a> </div> <div class="banner-title-block header"> <a class="banner-link ncses" href="/" tabindex="0" rel="noopener"> <div> National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics </div></a> </div> <button id="mobile-menu-toggle" class="mobile-menu-button" data-toggle-target="header-nav" aria-label="Toggle navigation menu" tabindex="0"><label class="collapsed" for="mobile-menu-toggle">MENU</label> <span class="expanded"><i class="st-close-main-nav"></i></span> <label class="expanded" for="mobile-menu-toggle">CLOSE</label></button> <nav id="header-nav" aria-label="Main Site Navigation" data-toggle-controller="mobile-menu-toggle" hidden> <ul id="header-nav-menu"> <li> <button id="about-panel-controller" data-toggle-target="about-panel">About</button> <div id="about-panel" class="menu-panel" data-toggle-controller="about-panel-controller" hidden> <div class="panel-info"> <div> About </div> <p>Learn about NCSES's mission, organization, and responsibilities within the federal statistical system.</p> </div> <ul class="two-columns"> <li><a href="/about" tabindex="0" aria-label="About N C S E S" rel="noopener">About NCSES</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nsf.gov/staff/staff_list.jsp?orgId=38&subDiv=n&org=NCSES&from_org=" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Leadership & Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/about/data-governance" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Data Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/about/quality-transparency" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Quality & Transparency</a></li> <li><a href="/about/research" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/about/whats-new" tabindex="0" aria-label="Whats new from N C S E S" rel="noopener">What's New from NCSES</a></li> <li><a href="/about/contact" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Contact</a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li> <button id="aoi-panel-controller" data-toggle-target="aoi-panel">Areas of Interest</button> <div id="aoi-panel" class="menu-panel" data-toggle-controller="aoi-panel-controller" hidden> <div class="panel-info"> <div> Areas of Interest </div> <p>NCSES's mission focuses on six core areas of interest related to the U.S. science and engineering enterprise. Explore each area to discover related data and products.</p> </div> <ul class="two-columns"> <li><a href="/interest-areas" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Areas of Interest Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/interest-areas/government-science-engineering-funding" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Government Science & Engineering Funding</a></li> <li><a href="/interest-areas/higher-education-r-d" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Higher Education Research & Development</a></li> <li><a href="/interest-areas/innovation-global-competitiveness" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Innovation & Global Competitiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/interest-areas/research-development" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Research & Development</a></li> <li><a href="/interest-areas/science-engineering-workforce" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Science & Engineering Workforce</a></li> <li><a href="/interest-areas/stem" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">STEM Education</a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li> <button id="s-a-panel-controller" 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class="menu-panel" data-toggle-controller="explore-data-panel-controller" hidden> <div class="panel-info"> <div> Explore Data </div> <p>Discover and analyze NCSES data through our collection of interactive data tools, profiles, and related resources.</p> </div> <ul class="two-columns"> <li><a href="/explore-data" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Explore Data Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/explorer" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Data Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="https://ncses.nsf.gov/indicators/states" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">State Indicators</a></li> <li><a href="https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Academic Institution Profiles</a></li> <li><a href="/explore-data/microdata" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Public Use Files</a></li> <li><a href="/licensing" tabindex="0" rel="noopener">Restricted Use Data Licensing</a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li> <button id="initiatives-resources-panel-controller" 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class="card-title"> <div> Retirement Experiences of U.S.-Trained Doctoral Scientists and Engineers: Findings from the 2023 Survey of Doctorate Recipients </div></h2> <div class="date-posted"> January 23, 2025 </div> <div> <div> In 2023, an estimated 1.2 million individuals worldwide held a U.S. research doctorate in a science, engineering, or health (SEH) field, up 3.1% since 2021. The majority (86.6%) of the U.S.-trained SEH doctorate recipients resided in the United States, while the remaining (13.4%) resided abroad, contributing to the STEM enterprise globally. </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col d-flex flex-wrap" style="gap:24px"> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary" role="button" href="/pubs/nsf25320" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Read Analysis</a> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary" role="button" href="/pubs/nsf25321" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">View Data Tables</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="top-reports subsection col-xs-12 col-xl-4"> <div id="s1003" class="row subsection-container"> <div id="card1140" class="card top-report-link" data-card-type="link-detail">  <div class="card-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <div class="category"> <div> Analysis </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <a href="/pubs/nsf25324" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <h5 class="card-title">Four States Accounted for More than Half of All State Government Intramural R&D Personnel in FY 2023</h5></a> <div class="date-posted"> January 30, 2025 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="card1142" class="card top-report-link" data-card-type="link-detail">  <div class="card-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <div class="category"> <div> Analysis </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <a href="/pubs/nsf25316" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <h5 class="card-title">Graduate Enrollment and Postdoctoral Appointments in Science, Engineering, and Health Rise, Driven Largely by Increases in the Number of Women and Temporary Visa Holders</h5></a> <div class="date-posted"> January 21, 2025 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="card1141" class="card top-report-link" data-card-type="link-detail">  <div class="card-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <div class="category"> <div> Data </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <a href="/pubs/nsf25323" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <h5 class="card-title">The National Training, Education, and Workforce Survey Pilot: 2022</h5></a> <div class="date-posted"> January 14, 2025 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="latest-releases section"> <div class="content-container"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="releases subsection col-xs-12 col-xl-5"> <div id="s125" class="row subsection-container"> <div id="card65" class="card releases-header" data-card-type="title-with-links">  <div class="card-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <h2 class="card-title large" data-property="title"> <div> Measuring America’s Progress in Science, Technology, and Innovation </div></h2> <div class="link-container"> <div class="spacer"> <a class="link-button" href="search?query=&excludePubAssets=true&pageSize=40&sort=date" role="link" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Explore Latest Releases</a> </div> <div class="spacer"> <a class="link-button" href="https://ncses.nsf.gov/schedule-of-release-dates" role="link" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">View Release Schedule</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="areas-of-interest subsection col-xs-12 col-xl-7"> <h4>Explore Our Areas of Interest</h4> <div id="s126" class="row subsection-container"> <div id="card66" class="card area-of-interest-item" data-card-type="link-button">  <a class="card-body" role="button" href="/interest-areas/science-engineering-workforce" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <hr class="d-none"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">Science & Engineering Workforce</h3> </div> </div></a> </div> <div id="card67" class="card area-of-interest-item" data-card-type="link-button">  <a class="card-body" role="button" href="/interest-areas/research-development" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <hr class="d-none"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">Research & Development</h3> </div> </div></a> </div> <div id="card68" class="card area-of-interest-item" data-card-type="link-button">  <a class="card-body" role="button" href="/interest-areas/higher-education-r-d" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <hr class="d-none"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">Higher Education Research & Development</h3> </div> </div></a> </div> <div id="card69" class="card area-of-interest-item" data-card-type="link-button">  <a class="card-body" role="button" href="/interest-areas/government-science-engineering-funding" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <hr class="d-none"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">Government Funding for Science & Engineering</h3> </div> </div></a> </div> <div id="card70" class="card area-of-interest-item" data-card-type="link-button">  <a class="card-body" role="button" href="/interest-areas/stem" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <hr class="d-none"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">STEM Education</h3> </div> </div></a> </div> <div id="card71" class="card area-of-interest-item" data-card-type="link-button">  <a class="card-body" role="button" href="/interest-areas/innovation-global-competitiveness" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <hr class="d-none"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">Innovation & Global Competitiveness</h3> </div> </div></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-container"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="latest-releases-footer subsection col-12"> <div id="s366" class="row subsection-container"> <div id="card366" class="card latest-releases-footer-detail" data-card-type="latest-releases-footer-detail"> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title"> <div> Featured Report: </div></h3><a href="https://ncses.nsf.gov/indicators" role="link" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Science and Engineering Indicators</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="data-tools section"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="data-tools-overview subsection col-sm-12 col-xl-3"> <div id="s128" class="row subsection-container"> <div id="card72" class="card data-tool-overview-header" data-card-type="large-text-button">  <div class="card-body"> <h2 class="card-title " data-property="title">Our Data Tools</h2><a class="link-button" href="/explore-data" role="link" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Explore more data resources</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="items subsection col-sm-12 col-xl-9"> <div id="s129" class="row subsection-container"> <div id="card73" class="card data-tool-item" data-card-type="detail-button">  <div class="card-header"> <span class="st-map icon"></span> </div> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">State Indicators</h3> <div> Compare 60 key indicators to understand how your state ranks against other states and the nation. </div> </div> <div class="card-footer"> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary" href="https://ncses.nsf.gov/indicators/states/" role="button" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Visit</a> </div> </div> <div id="card74" class="card data-tool-item" data-card-type="detail-button">  <div class="card-header"> <span class="st-bar-chart icon"></span> </div> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">Chart Builder</h3> <div> Generate simple line and bar graphs using the Chart Builder. </div> </div> <div class="card-footer"> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary" href="https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/builder/welcome?type=chart" role="button" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Visit</a> </div> </div> <div id="card75" class="card data-tool-item" data-card-type="detail-button">  <div class="card-header"> <span class="st-add-data icon"></span> </div> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">Data Explorer</h3> <div> Quickly discover and learn about available surveys and measures with the Data Explorer. </div> </div> <div class="card-footer"> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary" href="https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/explorer" role="button" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Visit</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ncsestat section"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="stats-header subsection col-xs-12"> <div id="s247" class="row subsection-container"> <div id="card186" class="card stats-header" data-card-type="header">  <div class="card-body"> <h2 class="card-title"> <div> NCSEStat </div></h2> <div class="card-text"> <div> Click on a key statistic from one of NCSES's products to learn more. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="stats-items subsection col-xs-12"> <div id="s248" class="row subsection-container"> <div id="card187" class="card stats-item" data-card-type="stat-block">  <a class="card-body stats-item-link" role="button" href="https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf25300/report" data-id="2024-041" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">53%</h3> <div class="card-text" data-property="summary"> <div> Among U.S. citizens and permanent residents, the percentage of doctorates earned by women in 2023 </div> </div> </div> </div></a> </div> <div id="card189" class="card stats-item" data-card-type="stat-block">  <a class="card-body stats-item-link" role="button" href="/pubs/nsf25313" data-id="2024-051" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">55%</h3> <div class="card-text" data-property="summary"> <div> Federally funded R&D at universities totaled almost $60 billion in FY 2023—55% of total academic R&D expenditures </div> </div> </div> </div></a> </div> <div id="card190" class="card stats-item" data-card-type="stat-block">  <a class="card-body stats-item-link" role="button" href="/pubs/nsf25310" data-id="2024-054" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">$98.9B</h3> <div class="card-text" data-property="summary"> <div> Total amount requested for the FY 2025 proposed budget authority for national defense R&D and R&D plant combined </div> </div> </div> </div></a> </div> <div id="card188" class="card stats-item" data-card-type="stat-block">  <a class="card-body stats-item-link" role="button" href="/pubs/nsf25318" data-id="2024-056" rel="noopener" tabindex="0"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">240.2M</h3> <div class="card-text" data-property="summary"> <div> Total net assignable square feet of S&E research space reported by U.S. research-performing colleges and universities in FY 2023 </div> </div> </div> </div></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="stats-footer subsection col-xs-12"> <div id="s249" class="row subsection-container"> <div id="card191" class="card stats-footer-link" data-card-type="footer"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary" href="https://ncses.nsf.gov/search?query=&excludePubAssets=true&pageSize=40&sort=date" role="button" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">View more data and analysis</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="research-services section"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="header subsection col-xs-12"> <div id="s131" class="row subsection-container"> <div id="card76" class="card research-services-header" data-card-type="header">  <div class="card-body"> <h2 class="card-title">How We Support Research</h2> <div class="card-text"> NCSES supports the use of our data for innovative research through collaborative partnerships. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="research-services-items subsection col-xs-12"> <div id="s132" class="row subsection-container"> <div id="card77" class="card research-services-item" data-card-type="image-button">  <div class="card-wrapper d-flex flex-column align-items-stretch"> <div class="card-header">  <img src="130/assets/130/images/4a0a4f1f-8daf-409e-93dc-b6069e741bf0.png" alt="Research."> </div> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title"> <div> Research </div></h3> <div class="card-text" data-property="summary"> <div> NCSES promotes research on the collection, analysis, and reporting of data. Explore our work and opportunities here. </div> </div> </div> <div class="card-footer justify-content-start"> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary" href="/about/research" role="button" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Learn More</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="card78" class="card research-services-item" data-card-type="image-button">  <div class="card-wrapper d-flex flex-column align-items-stretch"> <div class="card-header">  <img src="130/assets/130/images/52abe65e-7e8f-41fc-af6a-12462c36b1f6.png" alt="Funding Opportunities."> </div> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title " data-property="title"> <div> Funding Opportunities </div></h3> <div class="card-text" data-property="summary"> <div> Learn about the various research funding mechanisms NCSES offers and their associated deadlines. </div> </div> </div> <div class="card-footer justify-content-start"> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary" href="/funding-opportunities" role="button" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Learn More</a> </div> 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2024 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="card87" class="card news-item" data-card-type="image-detail-button">  <div class="card-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-4 ps-0">  <img src="130/assets/0/images/80cac13a-997a-4698-967f-830b8a231454.jpg" alt="January In the News_Cloud Computing_ABS."> </div> <div class="col-8 d-flex flex-column"> <div class="card-text category"></div><a class="card-title-link" href="https://techxplore.com/news/2024-08-companies-global-linked-cloud.html" rel="noopener" tabindex="0" data-external-link> <h3 class="card-title">U.S. Companies' Global Market Reach Linked to Cloud Computing Use</h3></a> <div class="card-text"> <div> Data from our Annual Business Survey were used by researchers at Penn State to examine the relationship between adoption of cloud services and export performance for U.S. firms. </div> </div> <div class="card-text footer"> <div> August 13, 2024 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="events 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