DHQ: Digital Humanities Quarterly: 2022

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style="margin-left : 7px;" alt=""/><div id="leftsideID"><b>ISSN 1938-4122</b><br/></div><div class="leftsidecontent"><h3>Announcements</h3><ul><li><a href="/dhq/news/news.html#peer_reviews">Call for Reviewers</a></li><li><a href="/dhq/submissions/index.html#logistics">Call for Submissions</a></li></ul></div><div class="leftsidecontent"><script type="text/javascript">addthis_pub = 'dhq';</script><a href="http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php" onmouseover="return addthis_open(this, '', '[URL]', '[TITLE]')" onmouseout="addthis_close()" onclick="return addthis_sendto()"><img src="http://s9.addthis.com/button1-addthis.gif" width="125" height="16" alt="button1-addthis.gif"/></a><script type="text/javascript" src="http://s7.addthis.com/js/152/addthis_widget.js"></script></div></div><div id="mainContent"><div id="printSiteTitle">DHQ: Digital Humanities Quarterly</div><div id="toc"> <h1>2022 16.1</h1> <h2>Articles</h2> <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="/dhq/vol/16/1/000604/000604.html">Perceptual Effects of Hierarchy in Art Historical Social Networks</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Houda Lamqaddam, University of Leuven; Inez De Prekel, University of Leuven; Koenraad Brosens, University of Leuven; Katrien Verbert, University of Leuven</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000604en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000604en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000604en"> Network representation is a crucial topic in historical social network analysis. The debate around their value and connotations, led by humanist scholars, is today more relevant then ever, seeing how common these representations are as support for historical analysis. Force-directed networks, in particular, are popular as they can be developed relatively quickly, and reveal patterns and structures in data. The underlying algorithms, although powerful in revealing hidden patterns, do not retain meaningful structure and existing hierarchies within historical social networks. In this article, we question the foreign aspect of this structure that force-directed layout create in historical datasets. We explore the importance of hierarchy in social networks, and investigate whether hierarchies - strongly present within our models of social structure - affect our perception of social network data. Results from our user evaluation indicate that hierarchical network representations reduce cognitive load and leads to more frequent and deeper insights into historical social networks. We also find that users report a preference for the hierarchical graph representation. We analyse these findings in light of the broader discussion on the value of force-directed network representations within humanistic research, and introduce open questions for future work in this line of research. </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Perceptual%20Effects%20of%20Hierarchy%20in%20Art%20Historical%20Social%20Networks&rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&rft.stitle=DHQ&rft.issn=1938-4122&rft.date=2022-02-04&rft.volume=016&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Lamqaddam&rft.aufirst=Houda&rft.au=Houda%20Lamqaddam&rft.au=Inez%20De Prekel&rft.au=Koenraad%20Brosens&rft.au=Katrien%20Verbert"> </span></div> <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="/dhq/vol/16/1/000598/000598.html">A Text Network Analysis of Discursive Changes in German, Austrian and Swiss New Year’s Speeches 2000-2021</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Kimmo Elo, University of Turku</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000598en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000598en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000598en"> New Year’s speeches held by leading politicians–mostly prime ministers or presidents–have a long and firm tradition in Europe and have become an institution instead of being a crowing event for conciliatory efforts. From the perspective of political communication, New Year’s speeches fulfil a triple function in the intersection of the past, the present and the future. First, they summarise the past year from the perspective of the political leadership and, hence, recall, reconstruct and remind the most important events of the year. Second, New Year’s speeches describe the present and, thus, can be understood and analysed as reality constructions, as windows to the current state of affairs. And third, New Year’s speeches serve as road maps to the future, into the new year. In this sense, a New Year’s speeches summarises the most important future challenges, expectations and opportunities. This article stems from the assumption that a nonlinear analysis of textual data based on network analysis could provide us with new ontological understanding about structural coherence and holes within a document corpora. It adopts a different viewpoint to discourse analysis based on social network analysis. The paper introduces a nonlinear way to analyse texts as networks in order to visualise and analyse how concepts are connected and to explore structural closeness and holes within a corpus of unstructured textual documents. The results indicate a discursive turn in Germany, Austria and Switzerland after the breakout of the global financial crisis in 2008. But at the same time, the results evidence similarities across the three countries how the crisis and its impact was framed to discourses. In all countries, the use of concepts related to crisis and insecurity has increased dramatically since 2008. However, this vocabulary is not solely limited to the financial crisis. The “insecurity and crisis” frame referred both to the financial crisis, the armed conflict in Ukraine and to the refugee crisis. </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20Text%20Network%20Analysis%20of%20Discursive%20Changes%20in%20German,%20Austrian%20and%20Swiss%20New%20Year%E2%80%99s%20Speeches%202000-2021&rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&rft.stitle=DHQ&rft.issn=1938-4122&rft.date=2022-02-04&rft.volume=016&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Elo&rft.aufirst=Kimmo&rft.au=Kimmo%20Elo"> </span></div> <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="/dhq/vol/16/1/000602/000602.html">Tesserae Intertext Service</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Nozomu Okuda, SUNY University at Buffalo, Department of Classics; Jeffery Kinnison, University of Notre Dame, Department of Computer Science and Engineering; Patrick Burns, University of Texas at Austin, Department of Classics; Neil Coffee, SUNY University at Buffalo, Department of Classics; Walter Scheirer, University of Notre Dame, Department of Computer Science and Engineering</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000602en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000602en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000602en"> The Tesserae Intertext Service Application Programming Interface (TIS-API) enhances the machine-accessibility of the intertext discovery capabilities of the Tesserae software. Instead of requiring inputs through a human-accessible webpage, the TIS-API accepts inputs according to a web development standard. Two case studies demonstrate the contributions of the TIS-API to computer-assisted literary criticism, particularly in increased software development and maintenance flexibility as well as in easier integration of Tesserae software into research workflows. Those interested in integrating the TIS-API into their digital projects can find documentation at https://tesserae.caset.buffalo.edu/docs/api/. For exact implementation details, the source code is available at https://github.com/tesserae/apitess. </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tesserae%20Intertext%20Service&rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&rft.stitle=DHQ&rft.issn=1938-4122&rft.date=2022-02-04&rft.volume=016&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Okuda&rft.aufirst=Nozomu&rft.au=Nozomu%20Okuda&rft.au=Jeffery%20Kinnison&rft.au=Patrick%20Burns&rft.au=Neil%20Coffee&rft.au=Walter%20Scheirer"> </span></div> <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="/dhq/vol/16/1/000601/000601.html">The Ebook Imagination</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Simon Peter Rowberry, Department of Information Studies, University College London</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000601en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000601en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000601en"> While popular histories of the ebook start in the 1990s, inventors were working on the form since at least the 1940s. In this article, I offer a media archaeological analysis of digital publishing patents to develop the ebook imagination, or the desires of readers and inventors for the future of reading on screen. Through an analysis of a corpus of 98 patents relating to ebooks, I demonstrate how the ebook imagination focused on the aesthetics of the book over focusing on replicating paper via a screen, which would later lead to the success of Amazon's Kindle in 2007. </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Ebook%20Imagination&rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&rft.stitle=DHQ&rft.issn=1938-4122&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.volume=016&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Rowberry&rft.aufirst=Simon Peter&rft.au=Simon Peter%20Rowberry"> </span></div> <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="/dhq/vol/16/1/000603/000603.html">Archives, Information Infrastructure, and Maintenance Work</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Ciaran B. Trace, The University of Texas at Austin</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000603en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000603en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000603en"> In the scholarly communications lifecycle, it is the archive (as place and as collection) that has traditionally functioned as the research laboratory, the source of knowledge for the humanities and its sub-disciplines. This article examines the notion of the archive as revealed through a process of infrastructural inversion, with an emphasis on understanding the working information practices of archivists as a prerequisite to any discussion of humanities infrastructure initiatives. Situating the archive as a form of infrastructure and archival labor as a form of maintenance work generates descriptions of archival systems and practices that shine a spotlight on key negotiations and tensions that adhere in a profession that exists in service of others. In particular, the article and the argument therein set out to describe what will be lost if this archival assemblage of people, practices, activities, artifacts, and structures is set aside rather than ported into any imagining or re-imagining of the humanities of the future. </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Archives,%20Information%20Infrastructure,%20and%20Maintenance%20Work&rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&rft.stitle=DHQ&rft.issn=1938-4122&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.volume=016&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Trace&rft.aufirst=Ciaran B.&rft.au=Ciaran B.%20Trace"> </span></div> <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="/dhq/vol/16/1/000599/000599.html">The Brain Is Deeper Than the Sea: Sea and Spar Between, Computational Stuplimity, and Fragmentation</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Nathanael Moore, University of Otago</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000599en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000599en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000599en"> The author demonstrates how we can use fragments of classical text as a heuristic to help us interpret a poem (Nick Montfort and Stephanie Strickland’s Sea and Spar Between) that is, on the face of it, quintessentially nonfragmentary because it contains over 225,000,000,000,000 stanzas. </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Brain%20Is%20Deeper%20Than%20the%20Sea%3A%20Sea%20and%20Spar%20Between,%20Computational%20Stuplimity,%20and%20Fragmentation&rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&rft.stitle=DHQ&rft.issn=1938-4122&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft.volume=016&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Nathanael&rft.au=Nathanael%20Moore"> </span></div> <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="/dhq/vol/16/1/000611/000611.html">Investing in Project Maintenance: Auditing the Digital Transgender Archive</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Eamon Schlotterback, Northeastern University; Cailin Flannery Roles, Northeastern University; K.J. Rawson, Northeastern University</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000611en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000611en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000611en"> In this case study of the Digital Transgender Archive, www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net, the authors discuss the results of a yearlong audit of the project. While scholarship in the field has focused on both the startup and sustainability stages of DH project lifecycles, far less attention has been paid to fostering healthy project growth and self-evaluation during the maintenance stage. After discussing the motivations for our audit and the methods we employ, this article offers five key observations and summarizes our responses to them. Our hope is that other DH project teams will find that some of these observations are applicable to their work and will then benefit from the responses we developed. </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Investing%20in%20Project%20Maintenance%3A%20Auditing%20the%20Digital%20Transgender%20Archive&rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&rft.stitle=DHQ&rft.issn=1938-4122&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft.volume=016&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Schlotterback&rft.aufirst=Eamon&rft.au=Eamon%20Schlotterback&rft.au=Cailin Flannery%20Roles&rft.au=K.J.%20Rawson"> </span></div> <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="/dhq/vol/16/1/000583/000583.html">Layers of Variation: a Computational Approach to Collating Texts with Revisions</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Elli Bleeker, Huygens Institute for Dutch History and Culture; Bram Buitendijk, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences - Humanities Cluster, Digital Infrastructure department.; Ronald Haentjens Dekker, Huygens Institute for Dutch History and Culture; Vincent Neyt, University of Antwerp; Dirk Van Hulle, University of Oxford</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000583en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000583en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000583en"> The article describes research into the automatic comparison of texts with revisions. The authors argue that in-text variation can best be modelled as nonlinear text, and that a collation tool needs to treat in-text variation differently from the way linear text is treated. They describe in detail how the modelling choices they made influence the development of HyperCollate, a collation software that is able to process TEI-XML transcriptions of texts with variation. Consequently, HyperCollate produces a more refined collation output that corresponds with a human interpretation of textual variance. </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Layers%20of%20Variation%3A%20a%20Computational%20Approach%20to%20Collating%20Texts%20with%20Revisions&rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&rft.stitle=DHQ&rft.issn=1938-4122&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.volume=016&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Bleeker&rft.aufirst=Elli&rft.au=Elli%20Bleeker&rft.au=Bram%20Buitendijk&rft.au=Ronald Haentjens%20Dekker&rft.au=Vincent%20Neyt&rft.au=Dirk Van%20Hulle"> </span></div> <div class="articleInfo" style="margin:0 0 1em 0;"><span class="monospace">[en] </span><a href="/dhq/vol/16/1/000595/000595.html">The Lives of Mistresses and Maids: Editing Victorian Correspondence with Genealogy, Prosopography, and the TEI</a><div style="padding-left:1em; margin:0;text-indent:-1em;">Kailey Fukushima, University of British Columbia; Karen Bourrier, University of Calgary; Janice Parker, Calgary Public Library</div><span class="viewAbstract">Abstract <span class="viewAbstract monospace" style="display:inline" id="abstractExpanderabstract000595en"><a title="View Abstract" class="expandCollapse monospace" href="javascript:expandAbstract('abstract000595en')">[en]</a></span><span style="display:none" class="abstract" id="abstract000595en"> In this paper, we explore the material conditions of scholarship and digital editorial work that make uncovering nineteenth-century women’s lives possible in the twenty-first century. Taking our project, <cite class="italic">Digital Dinah Craik</cite>, a TEI-edition of the letters of the bestselling Victorian author, as a case study, we discuss research methods that combine digital scholarly editing with genealogy and prosopography. We argue that by combining research tools aimed at scholars, such as the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), and the <cite class="italic">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</cite>, with research tools aimed at a more general audience, such as <cite class="italic"><cite class="italic">Ancestry.com</cite></cite> and the <cite class="italic">British Newspaper Archive</cite>, we can develop more creative and inclusive research methods and in turn, gain a fuller picture of women’s and working-class lives. </span></span><span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Lives%20of%20Mistresses%20and%20Maids%3A%20Editing%20Victorian%20Correspondence%20with%20Genealogy,%20Prosopography,%20and%20the%20TEI&rft.jtitle=Digital%20Humanities%20Quarterly&rft.stitle=DHQ&rft.issn=1938-4122&rft.date=2022-03-11&rft.volume=016&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Fukushima&rft.aufirst=Kailey&rft.au=Kailey%20Fukushima&rft.au=Karen%20Bourrier&rft.au=Janice%20Parker"> </span></div> <h2><a href="/dhq/vol/16/1/bios.html">Author Biographies</a></h2></div><div id="footer"><div style="float:left; max-width:70%;"> URL: http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/16/1/index.html<br/> Comments: <a href="mailto:dhqinfo@digitalhumanities.org" class="footer">dhqinfo@digitalhumanities.org</a><br/> Published by: <a href="http://www.digitalhumanities.org" class="footer">The Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations</a> and <a href="http://www.ach.org" class="footer">The Association for Computers and the Humanities</a><br/>Affiliated with: <a href="https://academic.oup.com/dsh">Digital Scholarship in the Humanities</a><br/> DHQ has been made possible in part by the <a href="https://www.neh.gov/">National Endowment for the Humanities</a>.<br/>Copyright © 2005 - <script type="text/javascript"> var currentDate = new Date(); document.write(currentDate.getFullYear());</script><br/><a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nd/4.0/80x15.png"/></a><br/>Unless otherwise noted, the DHQ web site and all DHQ published content are published under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>. 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DHQ: Digital Humanities Quarterly: 2022