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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83" title="كينيث لي بايك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كينيث لي بايك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Pike" title="Kenneth Pike – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kenneth Pike" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_L._Pike" title="Kenneth L. Pike – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kenneth L. Pike" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Pike" title="Kenneth Pike – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kenneth Pike" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Pike" title="Kenneth Pike – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kenneth Pike" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Pike" title="Kenneth Pike – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kenneth Pike" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_L._Pike" title="Kenneth L. Pike – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kenneth L. Pike" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83" title="كينيث لى بايك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كينيث لى بايك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF" title="ケネス・リー・パイク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケネス・リー・パイク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_L._Pike" title="Kenneth L. Pike – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kenneth L. Pike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_L._Pike" title="Kenneth L. Pike – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kenneth L. Pike" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_L._Pike" title="Kenneth L. Pike – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kenneth L. Pike" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA,_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B8" title="Пайк, Кеннет Ли – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пайк, Кеннет Ли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA" title="Кеннет Лі Пайк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кеннет Лі Пайк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American linguist and anthropologist (1912–2000)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Kenneth Lee Pike</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenneth_L._Pike_(Prof._of_Linguistics,_1948-1979).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kenneth_L._Pike_%28Prof._of_Linguistics%2C_1948-1979%29.jpg/220px-Kenneth_L._Pike_%28Prof._of_Linguistics%2C_1948-1979%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kenneth_L._Pike_%28Prof._of_Linguistics%2C_1948-1979%29.jpg/330px-Kenneth_L._Pike_%28Prof._of_Linguistics%2C_1948-1979%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kenneth_L._Pike_%28Prof._of_Linguistics%2C_1948-1979%29.jpg/440px-Kenneth_L._Pike_%28Prof._of_Linguistics%2C_1948-1979%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2092" data-file-height="2722" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1912-06-09</span>)</span>June 9, 1912<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Connecticut" title="Woodstock, Connecticut">Woodstock, Connecticut</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 31, 2000<span style="display:none">(2000-12-31)</span> (aged 88)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Dallas,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas, Texas">Dallas, Texas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tagmemics" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagmemics">Tagmemics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Emic_and_etic" title="Emic and etic">Emic and etic</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_College_(Massachusetts)" title="Gordon College (Massachusetts)">Gordon College</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral advisor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Fries" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles C. Fries">Charles C. Fries</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linguist" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguist">Linguist</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kenneth Lee Pike</b> (June 9, 1912 – December 31, 2000) was an American <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropologist</a>. He was the originator of the theory of <a href="/wiki/Tagmemics" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagmemics">tagmemics</a>, the coiner of the terms <a href="/wiki/Emic_and_etic" title="Emic and etic">"emic" and "etic"</a> and the developer of the <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">constructed language</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalaba-X" title="Kalaba-X">Kalaba-X</a> for use in teaching the theory and practice of translation. </p><p>In addition, he was the First President of the <a href="/wiki/Bible_translation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible translation">Bible-translating</a> organization <a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">Summer Institute of Linguistics</a> (SIL), with which he was associated from 1935<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Lee_Pike&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pike was born in <a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Connecticut" title="Woodstock, Connecticut">Woodstock, Connecticut</a>, and studied <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gordon_College_(Massachusetts)" title="Gordon College (Massachusetts)">Gordon College</a>, graduating with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">B.A.</a> in 1933. He initially wanted to do <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> work in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. When this was denied him, he studied linguistics with the <a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">Summer Institute of Linguistics</a> (SIL). He went to <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> with SIL, learning <a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a> from native speakers there in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937 Pike went to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, where he worked for his <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctorate</a> in linguistics under <a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Fries" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles C. Fries">Charles C. Fries</a>. His research involved living among the Mixtecs and developing a written system for the Mixtec language with his wife, Evelyn. After receiving his Ph.D. in 1942, Pike became the First President of the Summer Institute in Linguistics. Its main function was to produce translations of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> in unwritten <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>, and in 1951 Pike published the <i>Mixtec New Testament</i>. He was the President of SIL International from 1942 to 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As well as and in parallel with his role at SIL, Pike spent thirty years at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, during which time he served as chairman of its linguistics department, professor of linguistics, and director of its English Language Institute (he did pioneering work in the field of <a href="/wiki/English_language_learning_and_teaching" class="mw-redirect" title="English language learning and teaching">English language learning and teaching</a>) and was later Professor Emeritus of the university. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Lee_Pike&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pike is best known for his distinction between the <a href="/wiki/Emic_and_etic" title="Emic and etic"><i>emic</i> and the <i>etic</i></a>. "Emic" (as in "<a href="/wiki/Phonemics" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonemics">phonemics</a>") refers to the role of cultural and linguistic categories as understood from within the cultural or linguistic system that they are a part of, while "etic" (as in "<a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">phonetics</a>") refers to the analytical study of those sounds grounded outside of the system itself. Pike argued that only native speakers are competent judges of emic descriptions, and are thus crucial in providing data for linguistic research, while investigators from outside the linguistic group apply scientific methods in the analysis of language, producing etic descriptions which are verifiable and reproducible.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pike himself carried out studies of indigenous languages in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (island)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. </p><p>Pike developed his theory of <i><a href="/wiki/Tagmemics" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagmemics">tagmemics</a></i> to help with the analysis of languages from <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, by identifying (using both <a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">semantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntactic</a> elements) strings of linguistic elements capable of playing a number of different roles. </p><p>Pike's approach to the study of language put him outside the circle of the "generative" movement begun by <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, a dominant linguist in the 20th century, since Pike believed that the structure of language should be studied in context, not just as single sentences, as seen in the title of his magnum opus, <i>Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior</i> (1967). </p><p>He became well known for his "<a href="/wiki/Monolingual_fieldwork" title="Monolingual fieldwork">monolingual demonstrations</a>." He would stand before an audience, with a large number of chalkboards. A speaker of a language unknown to him would be brought in to work with Pike. Using gestures and objects, not asking questions in a language that the person might know, Pike would begin to analyze the language before the audience. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Lee_Pike&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pike was a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_Society_of_America" title="Linguistic Society of America">Linguistic Society of America</a> (LSA), the <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_Association_of_Canada_and_the_United_States" title="Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States">Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States</a> (LACUS), and the <a href="/wiki/American_Anthropological_Association" title="American Anthropological Association">American Anthropological Association</a>. He served as president of LSA and LACUS and later was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Templeton_Prize" title="Templeton Prize">Templeton Prize</a> three years in a row.<sup id="cite_ref-headland2001_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-headland2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When he was named to the Charles Carpenter Fries Professorship of Linguistics at the University of Michigan in 1974, the Dean's citation noted that "his lifelong originality and energetic activity verge on the legendary."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pike was awarded honorary degrees by a number of institutions, including Huntington College, University of Chicago, Georgetown University, L'Université Réné Descartes (Sorbonne), and Albert-Ludwig Universität. Though the Nobel Prize committee did not publicize nominations, in 1983 US Senator <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Dixon" title="Alan J. Dixon">Alan J. Dixon</a> and US Congressman <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon_(politician)" title="Paul Simon (politician)">Paul Simon</a> announced that they had nominated Pike for the Nobel Peace Prize. Academic sponsors for his nomination included <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Hockett" title="Charles F. Hockett">Charles F. Hockett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Lamb" title="Sydney Lamb">Sydney Lamb</a> (Rice University), Gordon J. van Wylen (Hope College), Frank H. T. Rhodes (Cornell University), <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Martinet" title="André Martinet">André Martinet</a> (Sorbonne), David C.C. Li (National Taiwan Normal University), and Ming Liu (Chinese University of Hong Kong).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Lee_Pike&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/resources/search/contributor/pike-kenneth-l">Complete list of Pike's publications</a> (over 250)</li> <li>1943: <i>Phonetics, a Critical Analysis of Phonetic Theory and a Technique for the Practical Description of Sounds</i> (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press)</li> <li>1967: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/languageinrelati0000pike_x6i4/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior</i></a></span>. The Hague: Mouton. 1954 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+in+Relation+to+a+Unified+Theory+of+the+Structure+of+Human+Behavior&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pub=Mouton&rft.date=1954&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flanguageinrelati0000pike_x6i4%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenneth+Lee+Pike" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>1970: <i>Rhetoric: Discovery and Change</i>, with <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Young" title="Richard E. Young">Richard E. Young</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alton_L._Becker" title="Alton L. Becker">Alton L. Becker</a> (New York: Harcourt, Brace, & World)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Lee_Pike&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americanist_phonetic_notation#Pike" title="Americanist phonetic notation">Americanist phonetic notation § Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wycliffe_Global_Alliance" title="Wycliffe Global Alliance">Wycliffe Global Alliance</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Lee_Pike&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPike1981" class="citation book cs1">Pike, Eunice (1981). <i>Ken Pike: Scholar and Christian</i>. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 14–15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88312-920-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-88312-920-5"><bdi>0-88312-920-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ken+Pike%3A+Scholar+and+Christian&rft.place=Dallas%2C+TX&rft.pages=14-15&rft.pub=Summer+Institute+of+Linguistics&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-88312-920-5&rft.aulast=Pike&rft.aufirst=Eunice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenneth+Lee+Pike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Crystal" title="David Crystal">David Crystal</a> (2011). <i>Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics</i>. Volume 30 of The Language Library. Edition 6. John Wiley & Sons. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444356755" title="Special:BookSources/9781444356755">9781444356755</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hildebrandt, Martha. 2003. "A Portrait of Kenneth L. Pike," in Language and Life: Essays in Memory of Kenneth L. Pike. (eds.) Mary Ruth Wise, Thomas N. Headland, and Ruth M. Brend. Arlington: University of Texas at Arlington, pp. 3-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hildebrandt, Martha. 2003. "A Portrait of Kenneth L. Pike," in Language and Life: Essays in Memory of Kenneth L. Pike. (eds.) Mary Ruth Wise, Thomas N. Headland, and Ruth M. Brend. Arlington: University of Texas at Arlington, pp. 5-9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPike1967" class="citation book cs1">Pike, Kenneth L. (1967). <i>Language in Relations to a Unified Theory of Human Behavior</i> (Second Revised ed.). The Hague: Mouton & Co. pp. 37–72.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+in+Relations+to+a+Unified+Theory+of+Human+Behavior&rft.pages=37-72&rft.edition=Second+Revised&rft.pub=The+Hague%3A+Mouton+%26+Co.&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Pike&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenneth+Lee+Pike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-headland2001-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-headland2001_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeadland,_Thomas_N.2001" class="citation news cs1">Headland, Thomas N. (2001). "Kenneth Lee Pike (1912–2000)". <i>American Anthropologist</i>. Vol. 103, no. 2. pp. 505–509.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Anthropologist&rft.atitle=Kenneth+Lee+Pike+%281912%26ndash%3B2000%29&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=505-509&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Headland%2C+Thomas+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenneth+Lee+Pike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. xiii. Jankowsky, Kurt R., ed. 1996. <i>The Mystery of Culture Contacts, Historical Reconstruction, and Text Analysis: An Emic Approach.</i> Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. xiv, xv. Jankowsky, Kurt R., ed. 1996. <i>The Mystery of Culture Contacts, Historical Reconstruction, and Text Analysis: An Emic Approach.</i> Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. 9-15. Adam Makai, ed., 1984. <i>Languages for Peace</i>. Lake Bluff, IL: Jupiter Press.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Lee_Pike&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brend, Ruth M. 1987. <i>Kenneth Lee Pike Bibliography</i>. Bloomington, IN: Eurasian Linguistics Association.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_A._Denning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emily A. Denning (page does not exist)">Emily A. Denning</a>, "Kenneth L. Pike", in <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Anthropology" title="Encyclopedia of Anthropology">Encyclopedia of Anthropology</a></i> ed. <a href="/wiki/H._James_Birx" title="H. James Birx">H. James Birx</a> (2006, SAGE Publications; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7619-3029-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7619-3029-9">0-7619-3029-9</a>)</li> <li>Headland, Thomas N. 2001. "Kenneth Lee Pike (1912-2000)." <a href="/wiki/American_Anthropologist" title="American Anthropologist">American Anthropologist</a> 103(2): 505–509.</li> <li>Hildebrandt, Martha. 2003. "A Portrait of Kenneth L. Pike," in <i>Language and Life: Essays in Memory of Kenneth L. Pike</i>. (eds.) Mary Ruth Wise, Thomas N. Headland, and Ruth M. Brend. Arlington: University of Texas at Arlington, pp. 3–10.</li> <li>Pike, Eunice V. 1981. <i>Ken Pike: Scholar and Christian</i>. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.</li> <li>Makkai, Adam. <i>Languages for Peace: Tribute to Kenneth L. Pike</i>. 1985. Lake Bluff, IL: Jupiter Press.</li> <li>Wise, Mary Ruth, Thomas N. Headland, and Ruth M. Brend, (eds.) 2003. <i>Language and Life: Essays in Memory of Kenneth L. Pike</i>. Arlington: University of Texas at Arlington.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Lee_Pike&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/klp/">www.sil.org/klp/ Biographical profile at SIL</a>, with autobiographical essays by Pike</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/klp/klp-chronology.htm">Detailed chronology of Pike's life at SIL</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041023151822/http://www.langmaker.com/db/mdl_kalabax.htm">Langmaker profile of Kalaba-X</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/pike-kenneth.pdf">Thomas N. Headland, "Kenneth Lee Pike", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="//archive.org/details/languagebygesture" class="extiw" title="iarchive:languagebygesture">Language By Gesture</a>, a televised 1966 example of one of Pike's "monolingual demonstrations"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sil.org/about/klp/influence/nature-field-work-monolingual-setting">The Nature of Field Work in a Monolingual Setting</a>, article that describes his method</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PikePhonetics1943">Pike's <i>Phonetics</i></a> at Archive.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Pike%2C%20Kenneth%20Lee%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Pike%2C%20Kenneth%20L%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Pike%2C%20K%2E%20L%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Kenneth%20Lee%20Pike%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Kenneth%20L%2E%20Pike%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22K%2E%20L%2E%20Pike%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Kenneth%20Lee%20Pike%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Kenneth%20L%2E%20Pike%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22K%2E%20L%2E%20Pike%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22K%2E%20Lee%20Pike%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pike%2C%20Kenneth%20Lee%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pike%2C%20Kenneth%20L%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pike%2C%20K%2E%20L%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Pike%2C%20K%2E%20Lee%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Kenneth%20Lee%20Pike%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Kenneth%20L%2E%20Pike%22%20OR%20title%3A%22K%2E%20L%2E%20Pike%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Kenneth%20Lee%20Pike%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Kenneth%20L%2E%20Pike%22%20OR%20description%3A%22K%2E%20L%2E%20Pike%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Pike%2C%20Kenneth%20Lee%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Pike%2C%20Kenneth%20L%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221912-2000%22%20AND%20Pike%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Kenneth Lee Pike</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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